A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of
Research Collections in American Legal History General Editor: Kermit Hall
Records of the Wickersham Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement
Part 2: Research Reports and General Subject Files
Consulting Editor Samuel Walker
Guide Compiled by Randolph Boehm
A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Records of the Wickersham Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement [microform].
microfilm reels : 35 mm. Accompanied by a printed guide, compiled by Randolph Boehm; entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of Records of the Wickersham Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. Contents: pt. 1. Records of the Committee on Official Lawlessness. pt. 2. Research reports and general subject files. ISBN 1-55655-667-5 1. Criminal justice, Administration of—United States— History—20th century. 2. Law enforcement—United States— History—20th century. 3. Police misconduct—United States— History—20th century. I. United States. Wickersham Commission. II. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of Records of the Wickersham Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. [HV7419] 364.973—dc21 97-32041 CIP
Copyright © 1999 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-667-5.
ii TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ...... v Scope and Content Note ...... ix Source Note...... xiii
Reel Index
Reels 1–9 Records of the Research Staff Library, Subject Files (NARA Entry 22) ...... 1
Reels 10–11 Committee on Prohibition, Research Material (NARA Entry 51)...... 16
Principal Correspondents Index ...... 19 Subject Index...... 21
iii INTRODUCTION
The material in the Records of the Reseach Staff Library, Subject Files, and Committee on Prohibition, Research Material of the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, popularly known as the Wickersham Commission, represent a mixed bag for scholars. Much of the material consists of published articles and annual reports of agencies that are otherwise available. To the extent that they are collected here in one convenient location, this collection will facilitate research. The principal value of this collection, however, is in providing insights into the thinking that guided the commission’s work. The assembled materials represent subjects that commission members believed would be of value to them. Scholars can assess the final reports of the commission in two important respects. First, what materials were available in the fields of law, criminology, sociology, and social work that the commission did not collect? To what extent do such omissions provide insight into the social and ideological assumptions that the commission brought to its task? Second, to what extent do any of the final reports published by the commission reflect the research materials collected here? What materials appear to have been the most influential? Is there any evidence that the commission wilfully rejected the implications of materials that it collected and examined? While this collection will be of primary interest to scholars in the fields of criminal justice and legal history, there are materials of potential value to scholars working in other related fields. These materials include information on Prohibition and the role of alcohol in American society, juveniles and juvenile delinquency, women (particularly female police officers), immigration, race relations, and mental health. There are also scattered items by or about a number of prominent figures in American history, including President Herbert Hoover, future Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas, and Federal Bureau of Investigation Director J. Edgar Hoover. The materials in this collection provide potentially important source material on a number of specific topics, including those outlined below.
The Work of the Wickersham Commission A number of items provide insight into the commission’s work in researching the various topics under consideration and producing its final reports. Reel 6, frame 0661, for example, presents a confidential progress report on the work of the
v commission. Reel 7, frame 0347 contains material on the mission of the Wickersham Commission. Reel 7, frames 0590 and 0679 and Reel 9, frames 0536 and 0641 contain over 260 pages of commission minutes. Reel 9, frame 0111 reproduces minutes of a meeting on the special topic of crime and the foreign born. Reel 8, frame 0445 presents sixty-two pages of memos on the progress of the commission. Reel 9, frame 0487 presents a confidential preliminary report on Prohibition, the most controversial topic that the commission examined.
Prohibition Enforcement The most contentious issue facing the commission was Prohibition enforcement. Many political commentators at the time believed, and many contemporary historians agree, that the commission’s final report on this issue was ambiguous and deeply compromised. The materials in this collection potentially provide insight into the nature of the debate within the commission. Relevant items are found at Reel 3, frame 0733; Reel 4 (numerous items); Reel 6, frames 0264 and 0703; Reel 7 (three items); Reel 8, frame 0752; Reel 9, frame 0487; Reel 10 (entire reel); and Reel 11 (entire reel).
Criminal Statistics The commission’s work coincided with the development of the federal Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), the first comprehensive set of national data on criminal activity and the system that continues in existence today. The UCR system was heavily criticized by leading criminologists at the time. The materials in this collection may provide insight into the debate over this major development in American crime policy. Reel 6, frame 0481 contains correspondence from a number of historically important figures: Sanford Bates, William O. Douglas, J. Edgar Hoover, Alfred Bettman, and others. Reel 6, frame 0520 contains a draft report on criminal statistics by Roscoe Pound of Harvard University Law School. Reel 9, frame 0736 contains a critique of federal criminal statistics. Reel 1, frame 0110 contains official documents on this topic.
The Criminal Justice System Conventional wisdom today views the administration of criminal justice as a “system.” This paradigm, however, did not gain general acceptance until the 1960s with the work of the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice (1967). The first expert to understand the “systemic” nature of the administration of justice was Alfred Bettman. Material concerning Bettman’s views begins at Reel 3, frame 0520.
J. Edgar Hoover and the Bureau of Investigation Reel 3, frame 0330 contains 190 pages of material related to J. Edgar Hoover, director of the Bureau of Investigation (later the Federal Bureau of Investigation).
vi These materials may provide insight into Hoover’s relationship with the Wickersham Commission, particularly with reference to his interests in protecting and expanding the bureaucratic turf of his agency. Other correspondence and memoranda from Hoover are scattered throughout this collection.
Samuel Walker Professor, Department of Criminology University of Nebraska at Omaha
vii SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE
This edition of Records of the Wickersham Commission contains a miscellany of subject files that were placed by the commission staff in the organization’s central library. The materials cover a wide range of subjects and reflect the wide-ranging mission of the commission itself. The major focus is on the impact of Prohibition on the American system of criminal justice in the 1920s. The commission explored the operation of the entire American criminal justice system, however, including criminal procedures of the police, prosecutors, and courts; police training; prisons and penal programs; issues of federalism and interjurisdictional cooperation; the compilation and maintenance of crime statistics; and strategies for dealing with controlled substances. In addressing the many issues within its scope, the commission attempted to draw upon the work of leading social scientists. Its work marks one of the first sustained efforts to inform federal policy with what was then cutting-edge social scientific research. Many of the subject files include the results (in the form of drafts and memos) of contract research by leading social scientists for the commission. Some of the Wickersham Commission’s investigations were politically charged, including the issues of Prohibition, assessments of the “foreign born” in crime, attempts to identify economic and psychological “causes” of crime, and the problems of criminal conspiracies such as lynch mobs. The files include social scientific research on these topics as well as collections of news articles, editorials, and other expressions of popular opinion. The commission also looked abroad for comparative examples of alcohol prohibition laws and reforms of criminal justice machinery. There is a significant amount of material documenting European prohibition and criminal justice systems. The commission’s records, however, are in a state of poor organization. Some subject files are filled with rare, unique, and valuable materials, while others have little research value. Those files with little or no research value have not been filmed. The order of the files also leaves much to be desired. There is neither a clear alphabetical nor a series arrangement among the subjects. They are apparently left as they were when the commission ceased operations and disbanded. Unfortunately, it is not permissible under National Archives policies to rearrange files to improve upon their organization. Thus, those files that were selected for this microfilm edition appear in the sequence in which they are boxed at the National Archives. While the arrangement is less than ideal, access to the valuable body of subject files has been made systematic by the subject index of the user guide. By
ix reviewing the subject index, researchers can more effectively locate materials that are pertinent to their interests. Two separate bodies of subject or reference files were located in the commission’s archive: Entry 22, Records of the Research Staff Library, Subject Files, and Entry 51, Committee on Prohibition, Research Material. The subject files of Entry 22 appear on Reels 1 through 9. The research materials of the Committee on Prohibition span Reels 10 and 11. Both of these series were thoroughly combed by UPA editors in consultation with academic advisers for materials of significant research value. A separate edition of Records of the Wickersham Commission, Part 1: Records of the Committee on Official Lawlessness contains the bulk of background materials on the problem of police and official misconduct in American criminal justice. There are, however, related materials on that topic in the present edition. There are four general types of materials that can be found throughout the subject files. The first and probably most common type of material is documentation generated by the commission itself, including correspondence, memoranda, minutes of meetings, and various compilations. This material includes minutes of commission meetings (Reel 7, frames 0590 through 0745 and Reel 9, frames 0536 through 0735). Bibliographies are filed at Reel 2, frame 0140 and provide references to subjects such as police women, extreme penalties for habitual offenders, juvenile delinquency, causes of crime, third degree practices, and organized crime. Compilations of public opinion are in several forms, including newspaper editorials (Reel 2, frame 0073), press articles (Reel 2, frame 0073 and Reel 9, frame 0001), poll results (Reel 4, frame 0066), and digests of congressional testimony (Reel 6, frame 0264). Staff memos include an extensive critique of federal crime statistics (Reel 9, frame 0736) and a compilation of unfair prosecution tactics (Reel 9, frame 0804). There are case studies on problems in enforcement of Prohibition (Reel 7, frame 0312) and confidential communications from federal judges on the causes of crime (Reel 8, frame 0050). Speeches by Chairman George Wickersham during his tenure with the commission can be found at Reel 7, frames 0347 through 0510. Other significant veins of research material include statistical compilations, discussions of statistical methodology, and social scientific memoranda. For example, there is a large file of Bureau of Investigation materials that were forwarded to the commission by Bureau Director J. Edgar Hoover. (See Reel 3, frame 0330.) This includes a statement on the bureau’s methods of maintaining crime statistics. A draft report by Roscoe Pound on methods of keeping crime statistics can be found at Reel 6, frame 0520. The U.S. Department of Commerce’s suggestions for compiling crime statistics can be found at Reel 5, frame 0001, and other documents on statistical methodology begin at Reel 6, frame 0481. Statistics on the American prison population can be found at Reel 1, frame 0001. Statistics on congested case loads in criminal courts begin on Reel 10 at frame 0228. Compilations of persons killed by Prohibition agents and other enforcers are found at Reel 4, frame 0001. Compilations of case histories of criminal careers are located at Reel 3, frame 0520. Statistics of arrests and seizures by the Bureau of Immigration, the Bureau of
x Customs, and the Coast Guard are located at Reel 10, frame 0371. Crime statistics in the United States and foreign countries may be found at Reel 4, frame 0828. Cost- benefit analyses of Prohibition can be found at Reel 3, frame 0733 and at Reel 4, frame 0961. A third common type of material in these subject files is rare publications, including private publications of special interest groups, prints by state and local crime commissions, and speeches and essays by prominent state bar association members. Scattered throughout the files are also numerous speeches by James M. Doran, the federal commissioner of Prohibition. There are articles on Prohibition by prominent journalists, lawyers, politicians, and reformers, such as Lawrence Veiller (Reel 2, frame 0309), William J. Donovan (Reel 2, frame 0411), Ida Tarbell (Reel 4, frame 0505), Mabel Willebrandt (Reel 6, frame 0703), Gifford Pinchot (Reel 4, frame 0961), and Samuel S. McClure (Reel 2, frame 0309). The file on the Bureau of Investigation (Reel 3, frame 0330) includes publications on the bureau’s training school, its organization, its National Division of Information, and its methods of investigating the backgrounds of prospective government appointees. Publications by the Social Science Research Council and the American Law Institute are also scattered through the files. Special interest groups with publications in the files include the Women’s Organization for National Prohibition Reform (Reel 4, frame 0177), the National Economic League (Reel 4, frame 0481), and the Salvation Army (Reel 6, frame 0205). Prints from state and local crime commissions include Cleveland, Ohio (Reel 5, frame 0098); New York City (Reel 5, frame 0144); Baltimore, Maryland (Reel 5, frame 0175); Kansas City, Missouri (Reel 5, frame 0258); Pennsylvania (Reel 5, frame 0108); and a general file on state crime commissions at Reel 5, frame 0258. Finally, there is a significant amount of material that was forwarded to the commission from the Federal Bureau of Prohibition. This includes circulars from the commissioner (James M. Doran) to local Prohibition administrators (Reel 8, frames 0203 through 0444). Most of the materials from the bureau are concentrated on Reels 10 and 11 among the research materials of the Committee on Prohibition. They include correspondence and memoranda on interdepartmental cooperation with other federal agencies, information on the recruitment and training of Bureau of Prohibition employees, compilations of dismissals and prosecution of bureau agents for cause, and material on the overall organization of the bureau.
xi SOURCE NOTE
The federal records microfilmed for this edition are drawn from National Archives (College Park, Maryland) Record Group 10, Records of the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. Two entries from Record Group 10 were drawn upon for the edition: Entry 22, Records of the Research Staff Library, Subject Files, and Entry 51, Committee on Prohibition, Research Material.
xiii REEL INDEX
The following is a listing of the folders comprising Records of the Wickersham Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, Part 2: Research Reports and General Subject Files. The four-digit number on the far left is the frame number at which a particular file folder begins. This is followed by the file title, the total number of pages, and, when appropriate, lists of Major Topics and Principal Correspondents. The abbreviation NCLOE (National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement) appears often in the guide.
Reel 1 File Folder Frame No. Records of the Research Staff Library Subject Files (NARA Entry 22)
0001 Causes of Crime—Draft. 109pp. Major Topics: U.S. prison population statistics; sociology of crime; personal and psychological aspects of crime; environmental factors affecting crime; role of the press in nonobservance of the law; role of motion pictures in nonobservance of the law; narcotics; organized crime.
0110 Criminal Statistics. 67pp. Major Topics: “A Uniform Classification of Major Offenses,” by International Association of Chiefs of Police; definitions of crimes; “Instructions for Compiling Criminal Statistics, A Manual for the Use of Penal Institutions, Police Departments, Courts, Prosecutors, and Parole and Probation Agencies,” by U.S. Department of Commerce.
0177 Cost of Crime. 129pp. Major Topics: Public and private costs of crime; costs of crime prevention and detection; costs of prosecution and conviction; costs of penal treatment; direct losses due to crime; indirect costs of crime; sources of information on costs of crime; lack of reliable crime statistics. Principal Correspondents: Sidney P. Simpson; C. H. Dorr; R. P. Lamont; Herbert Hoover.
0306 Courts—General. 138pp. Major Topics: Judicial Councils; “Conference on Studies in the Administration of Justice,” by Members of Judicial Councils and Members of the Institute of Law of the Johns Hopkins University; judicial statistics; divorce cases in the courts; congestion in federal courts. Principal Correspondent: William O. Douglas.
File Folder Frame No.
0444 Report on Congestion and Overload in Federal Courts. 71pp. Major Topic: “Report upon the Jurisdictional Sources and Content of the Business of the Federal Courts as to Congestion and Overload, Sections 1 to 6,” by Joseph C. Hutcheson Jr.
0515 Kane—Public Defender. 40pp. Major Topics: Voluntary Defenders Committee in Los Angeles, California; annual report and budget of Los Angeles, California, public defender office; report on public defenders program in Cleveland (Ohio), Minneapolis (Minnesota), Omaha (Nebraska), Memphis (Tennessee), Chicago (Illinois), St. Louis (Missouri), Michigan, and Baltimore (Maryland). Principal Correspondents: Fred H. Vercoe; Frank J. Egan; A. V. Abernathy; C. E. Clark; Elwood Fichette; Robert R. Troyer; Grover N. McCormick.
0555 Judicial Councils—Ms. Notes. 39pp. Major Topics: History of Judicial Council movement; directory of Judicial Councils; activities of Judicial Councils.
0594 Women as Jurors. 19pp. Major Topic: State laws governing women on juries.
0613 Jury Trials in Cases of Small Offenses. 76pp. Major Topic: State law governing jury trials in cases of small offenses.
0689 Criminal Procedure. 98pp. Major Topics: Conduct of trials; “Confidential American Law Institute Code of Criminal Procedure”; “New York State Report on the Joint Legislative Committee on the Co-ordination of Civil and Criminal Practice Acts.”
0787 Courts—California. 21pp. Major Topic: “Rules of the Supreme Court and District of the State of California.”
0808 Courts—Europe. 9pp. Major Topic: European courts.
0817 Courts—District of Columbia. 55pp. Major Topics: List of bills and resolutions before the Judiciary committees of the House and Senate of the U.S. Congress; “Conversation with Mr. Murray, Assistant United States Attorney in Charge of Prohibition Cases in the Police Court”; “Conversation with Chief Justice McCoy of the Supreme Court of the D.C.”; “Conversation with Mr. Leo Rover, United States Attorney, D.C.”
0872 Criminal Courts—Georgia. 116pp. Major Topics: Hugh N. Fuller, “Criminal Court Statistics”; major courts in Georgia.
0988 Courts—Maryland. 8pp. Major Topic: Carrol T. Bond, “The Maryland Practice of Trying Criminal Cases, at the Election of the Accused by Judges Alone, Without Juries.”
2 File Folder Frame No.
Reel 2 Records of the Research Staff Library cont. Subject Files (NARA Entry 22) cont.
0001 Courts—Baltimore. 30pp. Major Topic: Criminal court statistics.
0031 Courts—Judicature. 42pp. Major Topics: British Judicial Commission; suggestions for study of federal courts; congestion in federal courts; Charles Clark, “Should Pleadings be Filed Promptly?”; waiver of jury trials in criminal cases.
0073 Miscellaneous. 67pp. Major Topics: Descriptions of organizations dealing with courts and probation; police work on crime prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency; recreational and character building agencies; agencies concerned with scientific study of conduct problems of children; prison administration; American public opinion on crime, Prohibition, and mission of Wickersham Commission; press comments on mission of Wickersham Commission; newspaper editorials on report of Wickersham Commission. Principal Correspondent: Katherine Lenroot.
0140 Bibliographies. 169pp. Major Topics: Police women; crime and criminology in the United States; criminals; Baumes laws reorganizing criminal procedure in New York; life imprisonment for habitual offenders; prison reform; juvenile reformatories; probation systems; prison; parole; punishment; causation of crime; organized crime; police; pretrial detention; prosecution; courts; books, articles, and official pamphlets received by the Wickersham Commission; the jury system; Prohibition; American judiciary; election and appointment of judges; third degree practices; juvenile delinquency; mental diseases and defects; J. Harron Marion, “Current Research in Law for the Academic Year 1928–1929”; writings of Roscoe Pound. Principal Correspondent: Monte Lemann.
0309 Crime in the U.S. 102pp. Major Topics: Lawrence Veiller, “The Rising Tide of Crime”; Frank H. Warren, “Crime: A Complex or a Crisis”; S. S. McClure, “The Causes and Cure of Excessive Crime in America”; Arthur V. Lashly, “The Road to Prison.”
0411 Law Enforcement. 92pp. Major Topics: William J. Donovan, “Law and the Crook”; American Bar Association, “Report on the Special Committee on Law Enforcement”; Prohibition; British criminal procedure; French criminal procedure; opinions of leading lawyers on law enforcement in America; Wade H. Ellis, “The Crusade for Law Enforcement With a Special Reference to Prohibition”; “Legislative Program” of the Law Enforcement Association of Kansas City, Missouri.
3 File Folder Frame No.
0503 Law Enforcement Plans. 28pp. Major Topics: Philip J. Meany Co., “Plan for Educational Campaign on Law Observance”; Herbert S. Mikesell, “True Temperance.”
0531 Law—Study and Teaching. 47pp. Major Topic: Johns Hopkins University, “The Institute for the Study of Law, An Immediate Program.”
0578 Law—Societies. 22pp. Major Topics: William Nelson Cromwell, “Report of the President of the New York County Lawyers’ Association for the Year 1928–1929”; bar admission; legal aid; professional ethics and discipline; law reform.
0600 Lynching. 102pp. Major Topics: James Weldon Johnson, “Lynching: America’s National Disgrace”; NAACP, “Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States”; NAACP, “An American Lynching Being the Burning at Stake of Henry Lowry at Nodena, Arkansas, January 26, 1921 as Told in American Newspapers”; “Charley Sheppard’s Lynching as told by the Jackson Daily News.”
0702 National Crime Commission. 67pp. Major Topics: Speeches of Trubee Davison, chairman of National Crime Commission; big city and state crime commissions; members of National Crime Commission.
0769 Bureau for Support of Theft. 28pp. Major Topics: Constitution of the Bureau for the Suppression of Theft and Pilferage, Inc.; “Theft and Pilferage and the Fight Being Made Against It by The Committee of Maritime Interests of the Port of New York for the Suppression of Theft and Pilferage.”
0797 Mental Hygiene. 30pp. Major Topics: “List of Publications Published and Distributed by the National Committee for Mental Hygiene, Inc.”; “Preliminary Announcement First International Congress on Mental Hygiene.”
0827 Juvenile Delinquency. 42pp. Major Topics: NCLOE Summary of Material on Juvenile Delinquency; Proposed Program of Education and Training at the New Jersey State Reformatory for Men at Annandale; Children’s Bureau of the U.S. Department of Labor, “Community Resources for Dealing with Conduct Problems of Children.”
0869 Child Study. 23pp. Major Topics: “Report of the Cooperating Committees on Behavior Problems of Children of the National Education Association and the National Conference of Social Work”; Bernard Gleuck, “Some Extra-Curricular Problems of the Classroom”; “The Commonwealth Fund Guidance Program.”
4 File Folder Frame No.
Reel 3 Records of the Research Staff Library cont. Subject Files (NARA Entry 22) cont.
0001 Lawlessness. 35pp. Major Topics: Official lawlessness; arrests without warrant; third degree practices; search and seizure; agents provocateurs; trial misconduct.
0036 Immigration. 42pp. Major Topics: Crime among foreign-born persons; University of Chicago settlement; deportation of aliens; Social Science Research Council (Edith Abbott), “Report of the Committee on Scientific Aspects of Human Migration, December 18, 1926”; African American migration from the south; statistics on aliens and Prohibition arrests. Principal Correspondent: Mary E. McDowell.
0078 Police. 130pp. Major Topics: International Association of Chiefs of Police, “A Guide for Preparing Annual Police Reports” (Tentative Draft 1928); Lorna L. Lewis, “Personnel, Salary, and Working Conditions in Police Departments of Cities of over 30,000 Population in the United States.”
0208 Policewomen. 11pp. Major Topic: “Woman’s Division of the Detroit Police Department, Annual Report, 1928.”
0219 Prosecutor. 66pp. Major Topics: Cleveland Crime Survey; principal reforms in criminal procedure in the American Law Institute Model Code; arrest; pretrial examination; bail; prosecution; venue; waiver of jury trial; jury trial; power of U.S. commissioners to pass sentences in minor cases. Principal Correspondent: Alfred Bettman.
0285 Attorney Generals and Governors Supervisory Powers over Prosecution. 45pp. Major Topic: State-by-state compilation of powers of attorneys general and governors in prosecutions.
5 File Folder Frame No.
0330 Bureau of Investigation. 190pp. Major Topics: J. Edgar Hoover, “Sources of Complaints Received by the Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice, Concerning Federal Law Violations”; National Motor Vehicle Theft Act violations; White Slave Traffic Act violations; National Bankruptcy Act violations; National Bank and Federal Reserve Act violations; Antitrust Act violations; larceny of goods in interstate commerce; impersonation of federal officials; theft and embezzlement of government property; use of mails in a scheme to defraud; J. Edgar Hoover, “Time Spent by the Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice, in Investigation of Federal Law Violations; J. Edgar Hoover, “Outline of the Training School Bureau of Investigation of the Department of Justice”; J. Edgar Hoover, “Organization and Operation of the Bureau of Investigation of the Department of Justice”; report forms for applicants for appointment to Bureau of Investigation; J. Edgar Hoover, “Organization and Operation of the National Division of Identification and Information of the Bureau of Investigation of the Department of Justice”; J. Edgar Hoover, “Investigations of the Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice, Concerning Qualifications of Prospective Appointees for Governmental Positions”; J. Edgar Hoover, “Appointments in the Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice; U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Investigation”; “How to Take Fingerprints”; Bureau of Investigation, “A Booklet Concerning the Work of the Bureau of Investigation”; J. Edgar Hoover, “Organization and Operation of the National Division of Identification and Information of the Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice”; H.R. 977, a bill to establish the Division of Identification and Information in the Bureau of Investigation.
0520 Surveys Analysis, Prosecution and the Courts. 127pp. Major Topics: Alfred Bettman, “Surveys Analysis: Being an Analysis of the Administration of Criminal Justice Relating to the Subjects of Prosecution and Courts for the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement”; criminal careers case histories; adolescent experience and crime; warrant and arrest; juveniles in criminal justice system; municipal court system; plea bargaining; grand juries; waiver of jury; trial by jury; insanity defense; trial conduct; sentencing; probation; public defenders; bail; information in criminal justice system; organization of criminal justice system.
0647 Prisons. 86pp. Major Topics: Penal institutions; probation; parole; census of U.S. prisons; Winthrop D. Lane, “Prisons at the Breaking Point” survey; Sanford Bates, “The Prison of the Future”; German prison system.
0733 Outline Program for the Study of Prohibition. 156pp. Major Topics: Benefits of Prohibition to industrial organization, safety, personal savings, public health, domestic relations, auto accidents, school attendance, and demands on charities and social agencies; burdens of Prohibition on law enforcement, fines and forfeitures, loss of life, respect for law, development of organized crime, public image of wealthy bootleggers, and corruption of public officials; drinking by women; drinking by youths.
6 File Folder Frame No.
Reel 4 Records of the Research Staff Library cont. Subject Files (NARA Entry 22) cont.
0001 Prohibition Killings. 65pp. Major Topics: List of Prohibition agents killed in line of duty; list of narcotic agents killed in line of duty; list of persons killed by officers of Bureau of Prohibition in discharge of duties.
0066 Prohibition. 95pp. Major Topics: Public opinion polls on Prohibition; prohibition in Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Canada; liquor regulation in Great Britain; prohibition movement in continental Europe; list of offenses in U.S. Criminal Code; felonies or infamous crimes under laws of a general nature, not contained in criminal code, that must be tried by a jury; offenses under the National Prohibition Act that must be tried by a jury; “Addresses by James M. Doran, Commissioner of Prohibition of the United States”; “Drinking in Colleges as Affected by Prohibition”; effect on public health of Prohibition in Connecticut; Irving Fisher, “The Prohibition Controversy.”
0161 McBain Letter. 16pp. Major Topic: Comments on Final Report of the Wickersham Commission.
0177 Prohibition Reform. 98pp. Major Topics: Women’s Organization for National Prohibition Reform; Committee of Fourteen, New York City.
0275 Prohibition Progress Reports. 85pp. Major Topics: Enforcement of National Prohibition Act; public opinion on local option liquor sales; Prohibition enforcement in Florida and Georgia. Principal Correspondent: R. S. Tuttle.
0360 Prohibition—Finland. 38pp. Major Topic: Prohibition in Finland.
0398 National Prohibition Act Repeal. 7pp. Major Topic: Congressional bills to repeal National Prohibition Act.
0405 National Prohibition Act Modification. 5pp. Major Topic: Congressional bills to modify National Prohibition Act.
0410 National Prohibition Act—Enforcement. 15pp. Major Topics: Model form for State Enforcement Law; congressional bills to strengthen National Prohibition Act.
0425 National Prohibition Act Amendments. 24pp. Major Topic: Congressional bills to amend National Prohibition Act.
7 File Folder Frame No.
0449 Prohibition—Anti. 32pp. Major Topic: Association Against the Prohibition Amendment. Principal Correspondent: Pierre S. du Pont.
0481 National Economic League. 24pp. Major Topic: Prohibition as cause of disrespect for the law.
0505 Prohibition Bureau—New Orleans. 95pp. Major Topics: The Moderation League; National Economic League; anti-Prohibition arguments; benefits of Prohibition; Ida Tarbell, “Is Prohibition Forcing Civil War?”
0600 Prohibition Clippings. 154pp. Major Topics: Earl B. Smith, “The Law of Prohibition versus the Intention of Prohibition”; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment, “Measuring the Liquor Tide”; Charles Hall Davis, “The Constitutional Reasons for the Repeal of the Prohibition Amendment”; George Westervelt, “The Wisconsin Plan”; Walter Lippmann, “The Popular Dogma of Law Enforcement”; Geoffrey Layman, “An English View of Personal Rights”; William Cabell Bruce, “What Substitute for Prohibition”; “Secret Records of the Anti-Saloon League Exposed.”
0754 Campbell Articles. 67pp. Major Topic: Enforcement of Prohibition.
0821 Release Report. 7pp. Major Topic: Work of the NCLOE.
0828 Statistics—Comparative. 94pp. Major Topics: Abstracts of criminological articles; statistics on drunkenness and murder in London and Paris; U.S. prison census; crime statistics in foreign countries; crime statistics in United States.
0922 Study Outline Program. 39pp. Major Topic: Cooperation in federal and state law enforcement.
0961 Eighteenth Amendment. 80pp. Major Topics: Gifford Pinchot, “Plan to Make the Eighteenth Amendment Effective”; Social Science Research Council, “Sources of Information Concerning the Operation of the Eighteenth Amendment”; public health; alcoholism related to occupation, race, and nationality; Prohibition and charitable organizations; Prohibition and religious agencies; Prohibition and social settlements; Prohibition and juvenile delinquency; Prohibition and homelessness and unemployment; Prohibition and production and national consumption; Prohibition and industrial productivity; Prohibition and crime; Prohibition and public opinion; enforcement of Prohibition.
8 File Folder Frame No.
Reel 5 Records of the Research Staff Library cont. Subject Files (NARA Entry 22) cont.
0001 Statistics. 80pp. Major Topics: “Sample State Statistical Report, Criminal Court Statistics”; British crime statistics; “Creating a Plan for Criminal Court Statistics”; Committee for Uniform Crime Records; “Homicide Record for 1928”; U.S. Department of Commerce, “Instructions for Compiling Criminal Statistics”; Bennet Mead, “Police Statistics.”
0081 Chicago Gangs. 17pp.
0098 Crime—Cleveland [Ohio]. 10pp. Major Topic: The Cleveland Association for Criminal Justice.
0108 Crime—Pennsylvania. 36pp. Major Topic: Pennsylvania Crime Commission Report.
0144 Society for Prevention of Crime—New York. 31pp. Major Topics: Program of Practicable Steps to Reduce Law Breaking in New York City; youth recreation programs; child welfare; street lighting; “Municipal Program for the Abatement of Crime in New York City”; improved housing conditions.
0175 Crime—Baltimore [Maryland]. 42pp. Major Topics: Baltimore Criminal Justice Commission; crime statistics in Baltimore.
0217 Crime Surveys. 41pp. Major Topics: Law Enforcement Association of Kansas City, Missouri; crime statistics in Kansas City, Missouri.
0258 Crime Commissions. 22pp. Major Topics: Raymond Moley, “State Crime Commissions: What They Are, How They Should Be Organized, What They Should Do”; National Crime Commission; list of American crime commissions.
0280 Criminal Psychology. 52pp. Major Topics: Winfred Overholser, “The Psychiatrist In Court”; Harry Olson, “The Menace of the Half-Man”; Sheldon Glueck, “Psychiatry and the Criminal Law”; Winfred Overholser, “Psychiatric Service in Penal and Reformatory Institutions and Criminal Courts in the United States.”
9 File Folder Frame No.
0332 Narcotics. 150pp. Major Topics: Lawrence Kolb and A. G. Du Mez, “The Prevalence and Trend of Drug Addiction in the United States and Factors Influencing It”; “Establishing Narcotics Farms and a Narcotics Division in the Public Service”; morphine and heroin addiction in Great Britain; use of narcotics in the United States; Gertrude Robinson, “The Treatment of Narcotic Education in School Text Books”; World Narcotic Defense Association; Gertrude Robinson, “Abridged Syllabus in Narcotic Education”; “Uniform Laws for the Regulation and Control of the Possession, Use, Manufacture and Sale of Narcotic Drugs”; Draft of Uniform State Narcotic Defense Law prepared by World Narcotic Defense Association.
0482 Harvard Crime Survey. 253pp. Major Topics: Sheldon Glueck, “Harvard Crime Survey”; glossary of criminological terms; criminal case histories from Suffolk County, Massachusetts, jail.
0735 Dyer Act [Motor Vehicle Theft]. 71pp. Major Topics: National Stolen Property Bill; crowding of federal criminal justice system; National Motor Vehicle Theft Act.
0806 Study of the Cost of the Administration of Justice. 54pp. Major Topics: Police costs; cost of prosecution; cost of criminal courts; costs of penal and corrective treatment.
0860 Manual for Studies of the Cost of the Administration of Justice. 69pp. Major Topics: Police costs; cost of prosecution; cost of criminal courts; costs of penal and corrective treatment.
0929 Report on the Cost of the Administration of Justice. 137pp. Major Topics: Cost of administration of criminal justice in Alhambra, Los Angeles County, and Long Beach, California; police costs; cost of prosecution; cost of criminal courts; costs of penal and corrective treatment.
Reel 6 Records of the Research Staff Library cont. Subject Files (NARA Entry 22) cont.
0001 The Cost of the Administration of Justice. 118pp. Major Topics: Cost of administration of criminal justice in Pasadena and Santa Monica, California; police costs; cost of prosecution; cost of criminal courts; costs of penal and corrective treatment.
0119 Crime Increases or Decreases in Massachusetts. 86pp. Major Topics: Emma Winslow, “Crime Increases and Decreases in Massachusetts, 1885–1929”; economic factors related to occurrence of crime.
0205 The Salvation Army. 59pp. Major Topic: Positive impacts of Prohibition.
10 File Folder Frame No.
0264 Prohibition—Berney Digests. 217pp. Major Topic: Digests of congressional testimony regarding impact of Prohibition.
0481 Statistics Report—Comments. 39pp. Major Topics: Federal criminal statistics; federal prison statistics. Principal Correspondents: Sanford Bates; Charles E. Clark; William O. Douglas; J. Edgar Hoover; G. A. Youngquist; Leslie E. Salter; Alfred Bettman; Charles H. Willard.
0520 Draft Report on Statistics (R. Pound). 34pp. Major Topics: Roscoe Pound, “Draft Report on Statistics”; need for crime statistics; principles of criminal statistics; present situation as to keeping criminal statistics in the United States; proposed plans for improving criminal statistics.
0554 Bill Regarding a National Stolen Property Law. 46pp. Major Topic: Analysis of National Stolen Property Bill.
0600 Dyer Act (Motor Vehicle Theft). 25pp. Major Topic: Analysis of National Motor Vehicle Theft Act.
0625 Statement by Dennison re Labor Leaders. 36pp. Major Topic: Henry S. Dennison, “A Statement on Testimony of Certain Labor Leaders before the Sub Committee on Prohibition.”
0661 Miscellaneous Reports and Memoranda. 42pp. Major Topics: Mary Van Kleeck and Emma Winslow, “Economic Factors in the Life of the Individual and the Community as Related to Law Observance”; NCLOE Confidential Progress Report.
0703 Willebrandt, “The Inside of Prohibition.” 164pp. Major Topics: Mabel Willebrandt’s role in 1928 presidential election; Prohibition in 1928 presidential election; political aspects of Prohibition enforcement; Prohibition and lawlessness; Prohibition and official corruption.
0867 Report on Prosecution (R. Pound). 50pp. Major Topics: History of public prosecution in America; prosecutorial roles; prosecutorial discretion; public defenders; grand jury.
0917 Report by Dennison and Sawyer [on Prohibition Enforcement]. 39pp. Major Topics: Case studies of Prohibition arrests and investigations; Prohibition enforcement practices.
11 File Folder Frame No.
Reel 7 Records of the Research Staff Library cont. Subject Files (NARA Entry 22) cont.
0001 National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement—Report on Police. 197pp. Major Topics: Loss of public confidence in police; political nature of tenure of chiefs of police; police recruitment; police training; police use of communication equipment; police record keeping; police and crime prevention.
0198 Outline Program for the Study of Prohibition. 114pp. Major Topics: Benefits of Prohibition for labor efficiency, industrial safety, personal savings, demands upon charities and social agencies, personal finances, curtailment of prostitution and domestic stress, and public health; costs of Prohibition on criminal enforcement, fines and forfeitures, disrespect for law, enrichment of lawbreakers, political corruption, public annoyance, and congestion of the courts and penal system; surveys of Prohibition observance in large cities and among the states; killings in connection with Prohibition enforcement; searches and seizures; conspiracy prosecutions; liquor control in Europe.
0312 Sixth Federal Prohibition District, Review of Activities, 1926–1929. 35pp. Major Topics: Enforcement of Prohibition violations; libel cases; injunctions; property revocations; tax penalties; public attitudes toward Prohibition in Pennsylvania and West Virginia; press attitudes toward Prohibition.
0347 Wickersham Speeches. 81pp. Major Topics: Mission of NCLOE; lawlessness in American society; crime surveys; juvenile delinquency; acts of official lawlessness; costs of crime.
0428 Wickersham Speeches. 83pp. Major Topics: American penal system; mission of NCLOE; enforcement of Prohibition.
0511 Miscellaneous Addresses and Memos. 79pp. Major Topics: Liquor controls in Europe; James Doran, “The Problem and Policy of Prohibition”; federal and local enforcement of Prohibition; local nonenforcement of Prohibition; “Resume of the Administration and Enforcement of the National Prohibition Act in the Fifth District for 1927–1929.”
0590 National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, Minutes (1). 89pp.
0679 National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, Minutes (2). 67pp.
12 File Folder Frame No.
0746 Miscellaneous (1). 67pp. Major Topics: Power of U.S. commissioners in sentencing in minor cases; amendments to National Prohibition Act; proposed seizure of vehicles used in transportation of liquor; National Motor Vehicle Theft Act investigations.
0813 Miscellaneous (2). 76pp. Major Topics: Expulsion of aliens from United States; due process in deportation cases; industrial uses of alcohol; financial report of NCLOE.
0889 Narcotics. 63pp. Major Topics: Library of Congress bibliography on drug habit and traffic; debates on narcotics as printed in Congressional Record; recent literature in narcotics trade.
0952 Sources of Information Concerning the Operation of the 18th Amendment. 73pp. Major Topics: Social Science Research Council, “Sources of Information Concerning the Operation of the Eighteenth Amendment”; public health; alcoholism; social relief agencies; homelessness; juvenile delinquency; personal savings and income; drunkenness and crime; public opinion and Prohibition.
Reel 8 Records of the Research Staff Library cont. Subject Files (NARA Entry 22) cont.
0001 Circulars—Judges, Attorneys, etc. 49pp. Major Topics: Confidential replies from United States attorneys, chiefs of police, and U.S. circuit and district judges on crime and Prohibition; official lawlessness; crime and foreign-born persons.
0050 Circulars. 55pp. Major Topic: Confidential suggestions from federal judges on causes of crime, crime statistics, police, prosecution, court proceedings, probation, prison, parole, Prohibition, juvenile delinquency, criminal justice and foreign-born persons, official lawlessness, and cost of crime.
0105 Circulars of Suggestions. 98pp. Major Topic: Popular attitudes on causes of crime, firearms, foreign-born persons, juvenile crime, trial procedure, motion pictures, politics, tobacco, National Prohibition Act, economic factors and crime, African Americans and crime, the press and crime, NCLOE, and official lawlessness.
0203 Circular Letters. 141pp. Major Topic: Circulars of J. M. Doran, commissioner of Prohibition, to Prohibition administrators and special agents.
0344 Circular Letters. 101pp. Major Topic: Circulars of J. M. Doran, commissioner of Prohibition, to Prohibition administrators and special agents.
13 File Folder Frame No.
0445 Progress Report—Memos. 62pp. Major Topics: Organization of work of NCLOE; scope of research; relation of police to juveniles; juvenile delinquency.
0507 State Department. 44pp. Major Topics: Danish penal code reform; French model prison regulations; Swiss and Norwegian liquor regulation.
0551 Untitled Folder. 113pp. Major Topics: Cost of crime; psychiatric phases of criminality; causes of crime; federal collection of crime statistics; U.S. Census Bureau versus Department of Justice as compiler of federal crime statistics; uniform crime reporting; “The Street Boys of Alexandria [Egypt]”; comments on NCLOE Surveys Analysis by Alfred Bettman; juvenile crime as focal point of crime control; role of local law enforcement in the enforcement of Prohibition. Principal Correspondents: Ruben Oppenheimer; William Healey; Edward T. Devine; Herbert B. Ehrmann; J. L. Gillin; J. C. Hutcheson; John D. Pennington.
0664 Untitled Folder. 59pp. Major Topics: Maude M. Aldrich, “The Motion Picture Problem”; “Recent Progress of Movie Reform”; “Broken Promises of the Motion Picture Industry”; Fred Eastman, “The Menace of the Movies”; Catherine Cook Gilman, “Better Movies— But How?”
0723 Causes of Crime. 29pp. Major Topics: Mary Van Kleeck and Emma A. Winslow, “Outline of Plan for Study of Economic and Occupational Factors”; Ira De A. Reid, “Special Inquiry into Occupational and Economic Factors in relation to Crimes by Negroes”; Mary Van Kleeck and Emma A. Winslow, “Preliminary Outline of Plan for Inquiry into Economic Factors in the Life of the Individual and the Community as Related to Law Observance.” Principal Correspondents: Henry W. Anderson; Mary Van Kleeck.
0752 Prohibition Outline Program. 117pp. Major Topics: Outline Program for the Study of Prohibition; costs and benefits of Prohibition.
0869 State Department. 166pp. Major Topics: Deportations under British law; British Aliens Act; criminal procedures in French Court of Assizes; criminal procedures in Italy and Canada; liquor control laws in Canada.
Reel 9 Records of the Research Staff Library cont. Subject Files (NARA Entry 22) cont.
0001 Press Reports. 96pp. Major Topic: Press comments on and reporting of the Wickersham Commission.
14 File Folder Frame No.
0097 Lemann Data. 14pp. Major Topic: Methods of assessing enforcability of Prohibition.
0111 Untitled File. 36pp. Major Topics: Crime among foreign-born persons; deportation of aliens; minutes of NCLOE discussion on crime and the foreign born.
0147 Dyer Act [Motor Vehicle Theft]. 183pp. Major Topics: Suggestions of basis for selection of maximum business that federal criminal justice machinery can handle; National Stolen Property Bill; report on medical aspects of crime; Mary Van Kleeck, “Methods of a Study of Men in Sing Sing Prison”; Emma A. Winslow, “Tables on Fluctuations in Employment and in Crime in Massachusetts”; tables on occupations and other economic and social data in records of men in Sing Sing Prison; relation of stability and success in work to ability to reform; trade training in prisons and institutions; crime and urban congestion; race and crime; psychiatry, social science, and crime.
0330 Untitled Folder. 117pp. Major Topics: Standard tests for police recruits; standard tests for policewomen recruits.
0447 Untitled Folder. 40pp. Major Topic: Standard tests for policewomen.
0487 Untitled Folder. 14pp. Major Topic: Confidential Preliminary Report on Observance and Enforcement of Prohibition.
0501 Untitled Folder. 35pp. Major Topic: Miriam Van Waters, “Progress Report to Ada Comstock, Chair of Juvenile Delinquency Committee, NCLOE.”
0536 Untitled Folder. 105pp. Major Topic: Minutes of meetings of NCLOE, May–December 1929.
0641 Untitled Folder. 33pp. Major Topic: Minutes of meetings of NCLOE, January–February 1930.
0674 Untitled Folder. 62pp. Major Topic: Minutes of meetings of NCLOE, May–June 1930.
0736 Research Report #4. 68pp. Major Topic: Critique of Federal Criminal Statistics.
0804 Research Report #5. 151pp. Major Topics: Lawless enforcement of the law; lists of unfair prosecutorial tactics.
15 File Folder Frame No.
Reel 10 Committee on Prohibition Research Material (NARA Entry 51)
0001 Correspondence Course. 92pp. Major Topics: Bureau of Prohibition School of Instruction Correspondence Study Section; course on criminal investigation; constitutional infringements by Prohibition officers; search and seizure.
0093 Court Decisions. 74pp. Major Topics: Seizures of contraband; permits for industrial alcohol use.
0167 Congestion of Federal Courts (1). 61pp. Major Topics: Court cases on permits for industrial alcohol use; study on congestion in D.C. courts.
0228 Congestion of Federal Courts (2). 37pp. Major Topics: Court statistics; liquor smuggling cases; crimes committed by bootleg gangs; congestion of Prohibition cases in courts.
0265 Customs Bureau—Private. 106pp. Major Topics: Importation of contraband liquor to the United States; Port of New York interdiction of smuggled liquor. Principal Correspondents: Andrew Mellon; Ogden Mills.
0371 Customs Bureau—Public. 77pp. Major Topics: West coast interdiction of smuggled liquor; Customs Border Patrol; national survey by U.S. commissioner of Customs; seizures and arrests by bureaus of Immigration, Customs, and Coast Guard. Principal Correspondent: Andrew Mellon.
0448 Enforcement—Cases in Courts. 75pp. Major Topics: Prohibition cases in Charleston (South Carolina), Suffolk (Virginia), Greensboro (North Carolina), and District of Columbia; Michigan malt tax case; statistics on convictions in state courts for violations of liquor laws; traditional production of “moonshine” in Virginia; organization, personnel, and methods of federal Prohibition enforcement.
0523 Bureau of Prohibition Contacts (Part 2, Ch. 2). 28pp. Major Topic: Bureau of Prohibition cooperative agreements with departments of State, Treasury, Customs, Internal Revenue, Public Health Service, Justice, Secret Service, Navy, Post Office, Interior, Indian Affairs, Agriculture, Commerce, and Labor and Interstate Commerce Commission, Shipping Board, Federal Narcotics Control Board, D.C. government, and Immigration Border Patrol.
0551 Personal Efficiency Ratings. 85pp. Major Topics: Bureau of Prohibition efficiency ratings of personnel; recruitment of personnel for Bureau of Prohibition. Principal Correspondent: James M. Doran.
16 File Folder Frame No.
0636 Personnel Turnover. 42pp. Major Topic: Personnel turnover in Bureau of Prohibition. Principal Correspondents: James M. Doran; Albert E. Sawyer.
0678 Personnel—History (Part 2, Ch. 3). 14pp. Major Topic: Enforcement of Prohibition.
0692 Personnel—Organization. 28pp. Major Topic: Organization of Bureau of Prohibition.
0720 Personnel—Character of Field Force (1). 44pp. Major Topics: Dismissals for cause of Bureau of Prohibition personnel; criminal cases against Bureau of Prohibition personnel in New York.
0764 Personnel—Character of Field Force (2). 18pp. Major Topic: Compilation of cases of dismissals for cause of Bureau of Prohibition personnel.
0782 Personnel—Character of Field Force (3). 114pp. Major Topic: List of moneys tendered as bribes to employees of Bureau of Prohibition.
Reel 11 Committee on Prohibition cont. Research Material (NARA Entry 51) cont.
0001 “Possible Production of Illegal Liquor in the U.S. for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1930.” 93pp. Major Topics: Agricultural alcohol by-products; industrial alcohol; home wine and beer production.
0094 “The Problem and Policy of Prohibition.” 117pp. Major Topics: “The Problem and Policy of Prohibition,” address by James M. Doran, commissioner of Prohibition, before the Department of Economics, Sociology, and Government, Yale University, February 20, 1929; arrests; prosecution; congestion of courts.
0211 Prohibition Enforcement Outline (2). 101pp. Major Topics: Enforcement of Prohibition; Prohibition enforcement personnel; NCLOE research staff of the Prohibition Subcommittee.
0312 Prohibition Enforcement Outline (3). 114pp. Major Topics: Bureau of Prohibition personnel; NCLOE research staff of the Prohibition Subcommittee; effect of Civil Service exams; progress in enforcement of Prohibition.
17 File Folder Frame No.
0426 Prohibition Results in Other Countries. 16pp. Major Topic: Liquor control and prohibition in Sweden and Finland.
0442 Smuggling Along U.S.–Canadian Border. 84pp. Major Topic: Correspondence and press releases of governments of Canada and United States regarding smuggling.
0526 Smuggling (Material collected by Mr. Young). 151pp. Major Topics: Smuggling in the Great Lakes; analysis of seizures of smuggled liquor; smuggling in the Panama Canal Zone; Cuba; Bermuda; rum running bases in Nova Scotia; smuggling on the west coast; Belize; Bahamas; Scotland; Newfoundland; smuggling from Canada; U.S. Coast Guard policies on inspection of ships.
0677 Training School for Federal Prohibition Agents. 74pp. Major Topic: Recruitment and training of federal Prohibition agents.
0751 Survey of the Tenth Prohibition District. 210pp. Major Topic: Prohibition enforcement in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida.
18 PRINCIPAL CORRESPONDENTS INDEX
The following index is a guide to the major correspondents in this microfilm collection. The first number after each entry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colon refers to the frame number at which a particular file folder containing correspondence by the person or organization begins. Hence, 1: 0515 directs the researcher to the folder that begins at frame 0515 of Reel 1. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial segment of this guide, the researcher will find the folder title and list of Major Topics and Principal Correspondents arranged in the order in which they appear on the film.
Abernathy, A. V. Hoover, J. Edgar 1: 0515 6: 0481 Anderson, Henry W. Hutcheson, J. C. 8: 0723 8: 0551 Bates, Sanford Lamont, R. P. 6: 0481 1: 0177 Bettman, Alfred Lemann, Monte 3: 0219; 6: 0481 2: 0140 Clark, Charles E. Lenroot, Katherine 1: 0515; 6: 0481 2: 0073 Devine, Edward T. McCormick, Grover N. 8: 0551 1: 0515 Doran, James M. McDowell, Mary E. 10: 0551, 0636 3: 0036 Dorr, C. H. Mellon, Andrew 1: 0177 10: 0265, 0371 Douglas, William O. Mills, Ogden 1: 0306; 6: 0481 10: 0265 du Pont, Pierre S. Oppenheimer, Ruben 4: 0449 8: 0551 Egan, Frank J. Pennington, John D. 1: 0515 8: 0551 Ehrmann, Herbert B. Salter, Leslie E. 8: 0551 6: 0481 Fichette, Elwood Sawyer, Albert E. 1: 0515 10: 0636 Gillin, J. L. Simpson, Sidney P. 8: 0551 1: 0177 Healey, William Troyer, Robert R. 8: 0551 1: 0515 Hoover, Herbert Tuttle, R. S. 1: 0177 4: 0275
19 Van Kleeck, Mary 8: 0723 Vercoe, Fred H. 1: 0515 Willard, Charles H. 6: 0481 Youngquist, G. A. 6: 0481
20 SUBJECT INDEX
The following index is a guide to the major topics, personalities, activities, and programs in this microform publication. The first number after each subentry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colon refers to the frame number at which a particular file folder containing information on the subject begins. Hence, 3: 0036 directs the researcher to the folder that begins at frame 0036 of Reel 3. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial segment of this guide, the researcher will find the folder title, number of pages, and, as appropriate, a list of Major Topics and Principal Correspondents, arranged in the order in which they appear on the film. A separate list of Principal Correspondents can be found preceding this Subject Index.
Abbott, Edith American Law Institute report on human migration 3: 0036 Code of Criminal Procedure 1: 0689 African Americans reforms in criminal procedure 3: 0219 and crime 8: 0105, 0723; 9: 0147 Anti-Saloon League lynching of 2: 0600 secret records exposed 4: 0600 migration from the south 3: 0036 Antitrust Act violations see also National Association for the 3: 0330 Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Arrest Agents provocateurs general 3: 0219, 0520; 11: 0094 3: 0001 without warrant 3: 0001 Agricultural alcohol by-products Association Against the Prohibition Amendment 11: 0001 general 4: 0449 Alabama “Measuring the Liquor Tide” 4: 0600 Prohibition enforcement in 11: 0751 Automobiles Alcohol see motor vehicle theft; National Motor Vehicle home wine and beer production 11: 0001 Theft Act illegal production of 10: 0448; 11: 0001 Bahamas smuggling of 10: 0228, 0265; 11: 0526 11: 0526 see also Industrial uses of alcohol Bail Alcoholism 3: 0219, 0520 general 7: 0952 Baltimore, Maryland related to occupation, race, and nationality crime in 5: 0175 4: 0961 criminal court statistics for 2: 0001 see also Drinking public defenders program in 1: 0515 Aldrich, Maude M. Baltimore Criminal Justice Commission “The Motion Picture Problem” 8: 0664 5: 0175 Aliens Bar associations expulsion from United States 7: 0813 admission to 2: 0578 and Prohibition arrests, statistics on 3: 0036 Bates, Sanford see also Deportation; Foreign-born persons “The Prison of the Future” 3: 0647 American Bar Association Baumes laws “Report on the Special Committee on Law reorganizing criminal procedure 2: 0140 Enforcement” 2: 0411
21 Belize efficiency ratings 10: 0551 11: 0526 general 11: 0312 Bermuda history 10: 0678 11: 0526 organization 10: 0692 recruitment and training 10: 0551 Bettman, Alfred turnover in 10: 0636 comments on “Surveys Analysis” 8: 0551 School of Instruction Correspondence Study “Surveys Analysis…” 3: 0520 Section 10: 0001 Bibliographies California 2: 0140 cost of administration of justice in 5: 0929; Bond, Carol T. 6: 0001 “The Maryland Practice of Trying Criminal court rules and procedure in 1: 0787 Cases at the Election of the Accused by see also Los Angeles, California Judges Alone, Without Juries” 1: 0988 Canada Bootleggers criminal procedures in 8: 0869 gangs 10: 0228 liquor control in 8: 0869 public image of 3: 0733 prohibition in 4: 0066 Border Patrol smuggling 11: 0442, 0526 10: 0523 Charleston, South Carolina Bribery Prohibition cases in 10: 0448 10: 0782 Chicago, Illinois British Aliens Act gangs in 5: 0081 8: 0869 public defenders program in 1: 0515 British Judicial Commission Chiefs of police 2: 0031 confidential views on crime and Prohibition Bruce, William Cabell 8: 0001 “What Substitute for Prohibition” 4: 0600 politics and 7: 0001 Bureau for the Suppression of Theft and Chiefs of Police, International Association of Pilferage, Inc. “A Guide for Preparing Annual Police Reports” constitution 2: 0769 (Tentative Draft 1928) 3: 0078 Bureau of Indian Affairs “A Uniform Classification of Major Offenses” 10: 0523 1: 0110 Bureau of Investigation Children applicants report forms for appointment to behavior 2: 0073, 0827, 0869 3: 0330 general 8: 0551 “A Booklet Concerning the Work of the Bureau welfare 5: 0144 of Investigation” 3: 0330 see also Juvenile delinquency Division of Identification and Information Children’s Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor 3: 0330 2: 0827 general 3: 0330 Civil rights “How to Take Fingerprints” 3: 0330 4: 0600 training school of 3: 0330 Civil service exams Bureau of Prohibition 11: 0312 contracts 10: 0523 Clark, Charles New Orleans 4: 0505 “Should Pleadings Be Filed Promptly?” 2: 0031 organization of 10: 0692 Classification of major offenses personnel 1: 0110 agents killed in line of duty 4: 0001 bribery of 10: 0782 Cleveland, Ohio character of field force 10: 0720–0782 crime in 5: 0098 criminal cases against 10: 0720 Crime Survey 3: 0219 dismissals for cause 10: 0720, 0764 public defenders program in 1: 0515
22 Cleveland Association for Criminal Justice Courts 5: 0098 bibliography on 2: 0140 Coast Guard California 1: 0787 policies on inspection of ships 11: 0526 decisions of 1: 0177 seizures and arrests by 10: 0371 descriptions of organizations dealing with College drinking 2: 0073 Prohibition and 4: 0066 District of Columbia 1: 0808; 10: 0167 general 1: 0808 Committee for Uniform Crime Records judicature 1: 0306 5: 0001 Maryland 2: 0001, 0031 Commonwealth Fund Guidance Program proceedings of 8: 0050 2: 0869 see also Congestion in court system; Criminal Conference on Studies in the Administration of court statistics; Judges Justice Crime 1: 0306 bibliography on 2: 0140 Congestion in court system causes of 2: 0140, 0309; 8: 0050, 0551, 0723 caused by Prohibition cases 10: 0228 Cleveland, Ohio 5: 0098 District of Columbia 10: 0167 Kansas City, Missouri 5: 0217 federal 1: 0306, 0444; 2: 0031; 5: 0735; 10: 0167; Pennsylvania 5: 0108 11: 0094 press and 8: 0105 Connecticut prevention of 2: 0073 Prohibition’s effect on public health 4: 0066 surveys of 6: 0119; 7: 0347 Conspiracy prosecutions urban congestion and 9: 0147 7: 0198 views of judges, prosecutors, and police chiefs Constitution on 8: 0001 infringements by Prohibition officers 10: 0001 see also Economic factors and crime; see also Eighteenth Amendment Environmental factors and crime; Reform of criminals; Uniform crime reporting Correspondence course 10: 0001 Crime commissions Baltimore, Maryland 5: 0175 Corruption of public officials Cleveland, Ohio 3: 0219 3: 0733; 6: 0703 general 5: 0258 Costs and benefits of Prohibition list of 5: 0258 8: 0752 national 2: 0702 Costs of administration of justice Pennsylvania 5: 0108 in Alhambra, Los Angeles County, and Long state and local 2: 0702 Beach, California 5: 0929 Crime statistics general 5: 0806, 0929; 6: 0001 Baltimore, Maryland 5: 0175 manual for study 5: 0860 comparative 4: 0828 in Pasadena and Santa Monica, California critique of 9: 0736 6: 0001 critique of federal 9: 0736 Costs of crime federal collection of 6: 0481; 8: 0551 direct losses 1: 0177 in foreign countries 4: 0828 general 1: 0177; 7: 0347; 8: 0050, 0551; 10: 0001 general 8: 0050 prevention and detection 1: 0177 Great Britain 5: 0001 sources of information on 1: 0177 instructions for compiling 1: 0110 Costs of criminal courts maintenance of 6: 0520 5: 0806, 0860, 0929; 6: 0001 need for 6: 0520 Costs of penal and corrective treatment plans for improving 6: 0520 1: 0177; 5: 0806, 0860, 0929; 6: 0001 principles of 6: 0520 reliability of 1: 0177 Costs of prosecution report on 6: 0481, 0520 1: 0177; 5: 0806, 0860, 0929; 6: 0001 in United States 4: 0828
23 Crime statistics cont. Detroit, Michigan U.S. Census Bureau versus Department of police women in 3: 0208 Justice as compiler of 8: 0551 District of Columbia U.S. Department of Commerce instructions for courts 1: 0808; 10: 0167 compilation of 5: 0001 general 10: 0523 Criminal careers Prohibition cases in 10: 0448 case histories 3: 0520 Divorce cases Criminal case histories 1: 0306 Suffolk County, Massachusetts 5: 0482 Donovan, William J. Criminal Code “Law and the Crook” 2: 0411 list of federal offenses 4: 0066 Doran, James M. unlisted offenses 4: 0066 general 8: 0203, 0344 Criminal court statistics “The Problem and Policy of Prohibition” general 2: 0001; 10: 0228 7: 0511; 11: 0094 Georgia 1: 0872 speeches 4: 0066 plan for 5: 0001 Drinking sample state statistical report 5: 0001 by college students 4: 0066 Criminal investigation and crime 7: 0952 course on 10: 0001 and murder statistics on, in London and Paris Criminal justice system 4: 0828 information in 3: 0520 by women 3: 0733 organization of 3: 0520 by youths 3: 0733 Criminal procedure Dyer Act 1: 0689, 0872, 0988; 2: 0140, 0411; 3: 0219 5: 0735; 6: 0600; 9: 0147 Criminology Eastman, Fred bibliography on 2: 0140 “The Menace of the Movies” 8: 0664 glossary of terms 1: 0110; 5: 0482 Economic factors and crime Cromwell, William Nelson general 6: 0119; 8: 0105, 0723; 9: 0147 “Report of the President of the New York personal savings and income 7: 0952 County Lawyers’ Association for the Year Egypt 1928–1929” 2: 0578 8: 0551 Cuba Eighteenth Amendment 11: 0526 general 4: 0961 Customs Commission plan to make effective 4: 0961 national survey on Prohibition 10: 0371 sources on 4: 0961; 7: 0952 Customs Service Ellis, Wade H. Border Patrol 10: 0371 “Crusade for Law Enforcement With a Special general 10: 0265, 0523 Reference to Prohibition” 2: 0411 Davis, Charles Hall Embezzlement and theft of government property 4: 0600 3: 0330 Denmark Enforcement of Prohibition penal code reform in 8: 0507 in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida Dennison, Henry S. 11: 0751 “A Statement on Testimony of Certain Labor court cases 10: 0448 Leaders before the Sub Committee on Dennison and Sawyer report 6: 0917 Prohibition” 6: 0625 federal-state cooperation 4: 0922 general 4: 0275, 0754, 0961; 7: 0312, 0428, 0511; Deportation 0678; 11: 0211 under British law 8: 0869 killings in connection with 7: 0198 due process in 7: 0813 local nonenforcement 7: 0511 general 3: 0036; 9: 0111 methods of assessing 9: 0097
24 model form for state law 4: 0410 Georgia opinions of leading lawyers 2: 0411 major courts in 1: 0872 organization, personnel, and methods of Prohibition enforcement in 4: 0275 10: 0448 Germany personnel for 11: 0211 prison system 3: 0647 political aspects 6: 0703 Gilman, Catherine Cook practices 6: 0917 8: 0664 progress in 11: 0312 role of local law enforcement in 8: 0551 Glueck, Bernard “Some Extra-Curricular Problems of the Environmental factors and crime Classroom” 2: 0869 1: 0001; 5: 0144 see also Economic factors and crime Glueck, Sheldon “Harvard Crime Survey” 5: 0482 Europe “Psychiatry and the Criminal Law” 5: 0280 liquor control in 7: 0198, 0511 Prohibition movement in 4: 0066 Grand jury 3: 0520; 6: 0867 Federal courts suggestions for study of 2: 0031 Great Britain crime statistics for 5: 0001 Federal criminal justice system criminal procedure in 2: 0411 congestion in 5: 0735 and deportations 8: 0869 estimation of caseload capacity 9: 0147 liquor control in 4: 0066 Federal Narcotics Control Board narcotics in 5: 0332 10: 0523 Greensboro, North Carolina Federal Reserve Act violations Prohibition cases in 10: 0448 3: 0330 Harron, Marion J. Fingerprinting “Current Research in Law for the Academic method of 3: 0330 Year 1928–1929” 2: 0140 Finland Harvard Crime Survey liquor control in 11: 0426 5: 0482 Prohibition in 4: 0066, 0360 Homelessness Firearms 4: 0961; 7: 0952 popular attitudes toward 8: 0105 Homicide Fisher, Irving statistics for 1928 5: 0001 “The Prohibition Controversy” 4: 0066 Hoover, J. Edgar Florida “Appointments in the Bureau of Investigation, Prohibition enforcement in 4: 0275; 11: 0751 Department of Justice” 3: 0330 Foreign-born persons “Investigations of the Bureau of Investigation, crime among 3: 0036; 8: 0001; 9: 0111 Department of Justice, Concerning in criminal justice system 8: 0050 Qualifications of Prospective Appointees for minutes of Wickersham discussion on crime Governmental Positions” 3: 0330 and 9: 0111 “Organization and Operation of the Bureau of popular attitudes toward 8: 0105 Investigation of the Department of Justice” see also Aliens; Deportation 3: 0330 France “Organization and Operation of the National criminal procedure in 2: 0411; 8: 0869 Division of Identification and Information of model prison regulations of 8: 0507 the Bureau of Investigation of the Fuller, Hugh N. Department of Justice” 3: 0330 “Criminal Court Statistics” 1: 0872 “Outline of the Training School Bureau of Gangs Investigation of the Department of Justice” bootleg 10: 0228 3: 0330 criminal 5: 0081
25 Hoover, J. Edgar cont. Judicial Councils “Sources of Complaints Received by the Bureau directory of 1: 0555 of Investigation, Department of Justice, general 1: 0306, 0555 Concerning Federal Law Violations” 3: 0330 history of 1: 0555 “Time Spent by the Bureau of Investigation, Judicial statistics Department of Justice, in Investigation of 1: 0306 Federal Law Violations” 3: 0330 Jury system Housing conditions bibliography on 2: 0140 5: 0144 Jury trial Identification cases of small offenses 1: 0613 3: 0330 cases of small offenses, state law governing Illegal liquor production 1: 0613 11: 0001 general 1: 0594, 0988; 3: 0219, 0520; 4: 0066 Immigration waiver of 2: 0031; 3: 0219, 0520 3: 0036; 10: 0523 women as jurors 1: 0594 see also Aliens; Deportation; Foreign-born Juvenile delinquency persons bibliography on 2: 0140 Immigration Service general 2: 0073, 0827; 3: 0520; 4: 0961; 7: 0347, seizures and arrests by 10: 0371 0952; 8: 0050, 0445, 0551; 9: 0501 Impersonation of federal officials popular attitudes toward 8: 0105 3: 0330 Juvenile reformatories Industrial uses of alcohol bibliography on 2: 0140 court cases on permits for 10: 0167 Juveniles in criminal justice system general 7: 0813; 10: 0093; 11: 0001 3: 0520 Injunctions Kansas City, Missouri 7: 0312 crime surveys 5: 0217 Insanity defense Law Enforcement Association legislative 3: 0520 program 2: 0411 Law Enforcement Association of 5: 0217 Internal Revenue Service 10: 0523 Labor leaders testimony on Prohibition 6: 0625 Interstate commerce larceny in 3: 0330 Lane, Winthrop D. “Prisons at the Breaking Point” 3: 0647 Interstate Commerce Commission 10: 0523 Lashly, Arthur V. “The Road to Prison” 2: 0309 Italy criminal procedure in 8: 0869 Law study and teaching of 2: 0531 Johns Hopkins University Institute for the Study of Law 1: 0306; 2: 0531 Law Enforcement Association of Kansas City, Missouri Johnson, James Weldon 5: 0217 “Lynching: America’s National Disgrace” 2: 0600 Lawlessness in American society 7: 0347 Judges confidential views on crime and Prohibition Layman, Geoffrey 8: 0001 “An English View of Personal Rights” 4: 0600 election and appointment of 2: 0140 Legal aid general 1: 0988; 8: 0050 2: 0578 see also Courts Legal ethics and professional discipline 2: 0578 Legal reform 2: 0578
26 Lewis, Lorna L. Mental hygiene “Personnel, Salary, and Working Conditions in general 2: 0797 Police Departments of Cities of over 30,000 National Committee for Mental Hygiene, Inc., Population in the United States” 3: 0078 publications list 2: 0797 Libel Michigan 7: 0312 malt tax case 10: 0448 Life imprisonment for habitual offenders public defenders program in 1: 0515 bibliography on 2: 0140 see also Detroit, Michigan Lippmann, Walter Migration “The Popular Dogma of Law Enforcement” report on 3: 0036 4: 0600 see also Immigration Liquor laws Mikesell, Herbert statistics on convictions in state courts for “True Temperance” 2: 0503 violations of 10: 0448 Minneapolis, Minnesota Liquor regulation public defenders program in 1: 0515 Switzerland and Norway 8: 0507 Minnesota Liquor smuggling cases see Minneapolis, Minnesota 10: 0228 Mississippi Los Angeles, California Prohibition enforcement in 11: 0751 public defender office activities and budget Missouri 1: 0515 see Kansas City, Missouri Louisiana see St. Louis, Missouri Prohibition enforcement in 11: 0751 Moderation League see also New Orleans, Louisiana 4: 0505 Lynching Moley, Raymond general 2: 0600 “State Crime Commissions: What They Are, Sheppard case 2: 0600 How They Should Be Organized, What They McClure, Samuel S. Should Do” 5: 0258 “The Causes and Cure of Excessive Crime in Moonshine America” 2: 0309 production in Virginia 10: 0448 McCoy, Chief Justice of D.C. Supreme Court Motion pictures conversation with 1: 0808 general 1: 0001; 8: 0664 Maryland popular attitudes toward 8: 0105 criminal trials in 1: 0988 Motor vehicle theft see also Baltimore, Maryland 3: 0330; 5: 0735; 6: 0600; 9: 0147 Massachusetts see also Dyer Act crime in 6: 0119; 9: 0147 Municipal court system Suffolk County criminal case histories 5: 0482 3: 0520 Mead, Bennet Narcotics “Police Statistics” 5: 0001 addiction trends in United States 5: 0332 Philip J. Meany Co. bibliography on drug habit and traffic 7: 0889 “Plan for Educational Campaign on Law congressional debates on 7: 0889 Observance” 2: 0503 education 5: 0332 Medical aspects of crime farms 5: 0332 9: 0147 Federal Narcotics Control Board 10: 0523 general 1: 0001; 5: 0332; 7: 0889 Memphis, Tennessee in Great Britain 5: 0332 public defenders program in 1: 0515 trade 7: 0889 Mental diseases and defects uniform state laws on 5: 0332 bibliography on 2: 0140 use in United States 5: 0332
27 Narcotics Division in the Public Service investigations 7: 0746 5: 0332 violations 3: 0330 National Association for the Advancement of see also Dyer Act Colored People (NAACP) National Prohibition Act “An American Lynching Being the Burning at administration and enforcement of, in fifth Stake of Henry Lowry at Nodena, Arkansas, district 7: 0511 January 26, 1921 as Told in American amendments to 4: 0425; 7: 0746 Newspapers” 2: 0600 congressional bills “Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States” to amend 4: 0405, 0425 2: 0600 to repeal 4: 0398 National Bank and Federal Reserve Act to strengthen 4: 0410 violations 3: 0330 congressional testimony on impact of 6: 0264 constitutional argument for repeal 4: 0600 National Bankruptcy Act enforcement of 4: 0275, 0410 violations 3: 0330 modification of 4: 0405 National Commission on Law Observance and offenses requiring jury trial 4: 0066 Enforcement (NCLOE) popular attitudes toward 8: 0105 books, articles, and official pamphlets received positive impacts of 6: 0205 by 2: 0140 problems of 4: 0600 circulars repeal of 4: 0398 from Doran, James M. 8: 0344 National Stolen Property Bill general 2: 0869; 8: 0050, 0105 5: 0735; 6: 0554; 9: 0147 of judges and attorneys 8: 0001 comments on final report of 4: 0161; 8: 0551 Nebraska Committee on Prohibition 10: 0001 see Omaha, Nebraska Confidential Progress Report 6: 0661 Newfoundland financial report 7: 0813 11: 0526 general 4: 0821 New Jersey minutes 7: 0590, 0679; 9: 0536, 0641, 0674 proposed education and training program at mission of 7: 0347, 0428 State Reformatory for Men 2: 0827 newspaper editorials on report of 2: 0073 New Orleans, Louisiana organization of work 8: 0445 Prohibition in 4: 0505 press comments on 2: 0073; 9: 0001 New York, Port of progress report 8: 0445; 9: 0001 interdiction of smuggled liquor 10: 0265 public opinion on 2: 0073 theft and pilferage 2: 0769 report on police 7: 0001 New York City research staff of Prohibition Subcommittee Committee of Fourteen 4: 0177 11: 0211, 0312 crime abatement program of 5: 0144 Summary of Material on Juvenile Delinquency 2: 0827 New York County Lawyers Association report for 1928–1929 2: 0578 National Conference of Social Work Report on Behavior Problems of Children New York Society for Prevention of Crime 2: 0869 5: 0144 National Crime Commission New York State general 2: 0702; 5: 0258 Baumes laws reorganizing criminal procedure list of members 2: 0702 2: 0140 criminal cases against Bureau of Prohibition National Economic League personnel 10: 0720 4: 0481, 0505 Report on the Joint Legislative Committee on National Education Association the Co-ordination of Civil and Criminal Report of the Cooperating Committees on Practice Acts 1: 0689 Behavior Problems of Children 2: 0869 see also New York City; Sing Sing Prison National Motor Vehicle Theft Act general 5: 0735; 6: 0600
28 North Carolina loss of public confidence in 7: 0001 see Greensboro, North Carolina policewomen Norway bibliography on 2: 0140 liquor regulation in 8: 0507 general 3: 0208 Prohibition in 4: 0066 standard tests for 9: 0447 record keeping 7: 0001 Nova Scotia recruitment 7: 0001 smuggling of liquor 11: 0526 recruitment—standard tests for 9: 0330 Official lawlessness relations with juveniles 8: 0445 3: 0001; 7: 0347; 8: 0001, 0050; 9: 0804 salary and working conditions of 3: 0078 see also Corruption of public officials; Third statistics degree practices 5: 0001 Ohio training 7: 0001 see Cleveland, Ohio use of communication equipment 7: 0001 Olson, Harry Pound, Roscoe “The Menace of the Half-Man” 5: 0280 “Draft Report on Statistics” 6: 0520 Omaha, Nebraska report on prosecution 6: 0867 public defenders program in 1: 0515 writings of 2: 0140 Organized crime Press 1: 0001; 2: 0140; 3: 0733 attitudes toward Prohibition 7: 0312 Overholser, Winfred crime and 8: 0105 “Psychiatric Service in Penal and Reformatory general 1: 0001 Institutions and Criminal Courts in the Pretrial United States” 5: 0280 detention 2: 0140 “The Psychiatrist In Court” 5: 0280 Pretrial examination Panama Canal Zone 3: 0219 smuggling of liquor 11: 0526 Prisons Parole administration of 2: 0073 2: 0140; 3: 0647; 8: 0050 bibliography on 2: 0140 Penal institutions crowding 3: 0647 education and training program at Annandale, French model regulations 8: 0507 New Jersey, reformatory 2: 0827 general 3: 0647; 8: 0050 general 3: 0647; 7: 0428 Germany 3: 0647 see also Prisons reform 2: 0140 Pennsylvania Sing Sing 9: 0147 public attitudes toward Prohibition in 7: 0312 statistics census 3: 0647; 4: 0828 statistics general 1: 0001; 6: 0481; 9: 0147 Pennsylvania Crime Commission vocational training in 9: 0147 5: 0108 see also Penal institutions Pinchot, Gifford Probation “Plan to Make the Eighteenth Amendment bibliography on 2: 0140 Effective” 4: 0961 descriptions of organizations dealing with Plea bargaining 2: 0073 3: 0520 general 3: 0520, 0647; 8: 0050 Pleadings Prohibition 2: 0031 arguments for and against 4: 0505 Police benefits of 3: 0733; 4: 0505; 7: 0198; 8: 0752 bibliography on 2: 0140 bibliography on 2: 0140 costs in Canada and Europe 4: 0066 5: 0806, 0860, 0929; 6: 0001 cases 10: 0448 and crime prevention 7: 0001 case studies of arrests and investigations 6: 0917 general 3: 0078; 7: 0001; 8: 0050 charitable organizations and 4: 0961
29 Prohibition cont. Prosecutorial discretion clippings 4: 0600 6: 0867 confidential views of judges, prosecutors, and Prosecutorial roles police chiefs on 8: 0001 6: 0867 costs of 7: 0198; 8: 0752 Psychiatry disrespect for law and 4: 0481 crime and 1: 0001; 9: 0147 economic production and national consumption criminal law and 5: 0280 4: 0961 phases of criminality and 8: 0551 effect on public health 4: 0066 see also Insanity defense enforcement Public confidence general 9: 0097, 0487; 11: 0211, 0312 in police 7: 0001 in sixth district 7: 0312 in tenth district 11: 0751 Public defenders in Finland 4: 0360 general 3: 0520; 6: 0867 general 2: 0411; 4: 0066; 6: 0264; 8: 0050; 11: 0094 local programs 1: 0515 homelessness and unemployment 4: 0961 see also Voluntary defenders industrial productivity and 4: 0961 Public health juvenile delinquency and 4: 0961 4: 0961; 7: 0952 killings 4: 0001; 7: 0198 Public opinion lawlessness and 6: 0703 on crime, Prohibition, and mission of the in 1928 presidential elections 6: 0703 Wickersham Commission 2: 0073 observance surveys in states and large cities general 8: 0105 7: 0198 on local option liquor sales 4: 0275 official corruption and 6: 0703 on Prohibition 4: 0066, 0961; 7: 0952 opposition to 4: 0449 on Prohibition in Pennsylvania and West outline program for the study of 3: 0733; 7: 0198; Virginia 7: 0312 8: 0752 Race and crime policy of 11: 0094 9: 0147 problems of 3: 0733; 4: 0505 see also African Americans progress reports 4: 0275 Reform of criminals public opinion on 2: 0073; 4: 0961 and relation to steady employment 9: 0147 reform 4: 0177 Reid, Ira De A. religious agencies and 4: 0961 “Special Inquiry into Occupational and repeal of 4: 0177 Economic Factors in relation to Crimes by results in other countries 11: 0426 Negroes” 8: 0723 social settlements and 4: 0961 see also Enforcement of Prohibition Religious agencies and Prohibition 4: 0961 Prohibition agents circulars from commissioner to 8: 0203, 0344 Robinson, Gertrude constitutional infringements by 10: 0001 “Abridged Syllabus in Narcotic Education” killed in line of duty 4: 0001 5: 0332 recruitment and training of 11: 0677 “Treatment of Narcotic Education in School training school for 11: 0677 Text Books” 5: 0332 Property revocations Rover, Leo 7: 0312 conversation with 1: 0808 Prosecution St. Louis, Missouri bibliography on 2: 0140 public defenders program in 1: 0515 general 3: 0219, 0520; 8: 0050; 11: 0094 Salvation Army history of, in America 6: 0867 6: 0205 report on 6: 0867 Scotland supervisory powers of attorneys general and 11: 0526 governors 3: 0285 see also Unfair prosecutorial tactics
30 Search and seizure Tarbell, Ida general 3: 0001; 7: 0198; 10: 0001, 0093, 0371, “Is Prohibition Forcing Civil War?” 4: 0505 0523 Tax penalties smuggled liquor 11: 0526 7: 0312 vehicles used in transporting liquor 7: 0746 Temperance see also Smuggling 2: 0503 Sentencing Tennessee general 3: 0520 see Memphis, Tennessee U.S. commissioners’ powers in minor cases Third degree practices 3: 0219; 7: 0746 2: 0140; 3: 0001 Sing Sing Prison Tobacco tables on inmate occupations and other popular attitudes toward 8: 0105 economic and social data 9: 0147 Trials Smith, Earl B. conduct of 1: 0689; 3: 0001, 0520 “The Law of Prohibition versus the Intention of see also Pretrial matters Prohibition” 4: 0600 Unfair prosecutorial tactics Smuggling list of 9: 0804 from Canada 11: 0526 correspondence and press releases on 11: 0442 Uniform crime reporting general 10: 0265; 11: 0526 8: 0551 in Great Lakes 11: 0526 Uniform State Narcotic Defense Law liquor 10: 0228; 11: 0526 draft 5: 0332 in Panama Canal Zone 11: 0526 University of Chicago settlement Port of New York 10: 0265 3: 0036 U.S.–Canadian border 11: 0442 U.S. attorneys on West Coast 11: 0526 confidential views on crime and Prohibition Social relief agencies 8: 0001 7: 0952 management of Prohibition cases in police court Social Science Research Council 1: 0808 “Report of the Committee on Scientific Aspects U.S. commissioners of Human Migration, December 18, 1926” power to pass sentences in minor cases 3: 0219; 3: 0036 7: 0746 “Sources of Information Concerning the U.S. Department of Agriculture Operation of the Eighteenth Amendment” 10: 0523 4: 0961 U.S. Department of Commerce Social settlements general 10: 0523 Prohibition and 4: 0961 “Instructions for Compiling Criminal Statistics” Sociology of crime 5: 0001 1: 0001 U.S. Department of Justice Statistics 10: 0523 see Crime statistics; Criminal court statistics; U.S. Department of Labor Prison statistics 10: 0523 Street lighting U.S. Department of State 5: 0144 8: 0507, 0869; 10: 0523 Suffolk, Virginia U.S. Department of the Interior Prohibition cases in 10: 0448 10: 0523 Sweden U.S. Department of the Treasury liquor control in 11: 0426 10: 0523 Prohibition in 4: 0066 U.S. mail Switzerland in fraud schemes 3: 0330 liquor regulation in 8: 0507
31 U.S. Navy Wickersham Commission 10: 0523 see National Commission on Law Observance U.S. Public Health Service and Enforcement (NCLOE) 10: 0523 Willebrandt, Mabel U.S. Shipping Board “The Inside of Prohibition” 6: 0703 10: 0523 role in 1928 presidential election 6: 0703 Van Kleeck, Mary Winslow, Emma A. “Economic Factors in the Life of the Individual “Crime Increases and Decreases in and the Community as Related to Law Massachusetts, 1885–1929” 6: 0119 Observance” 6: 0661 “Economic Factors in the Life of the Individual “Methods of a Study of Men in Sing Sing and the Community as Related to Law Prison” 9: 0147 Observance” 6: 0661 “Outline of Plan for Study of Economic and “Outline of Plan for Study of Economic and Occupational Factors” 8: 0723 Occupational Factors” 8: 0723 Van Waters, Miriam “Tables on Fluctuations in Employment and In “Progress Report to Ada Comstock, Chair of Crime in Massachusetts” 9: 0147 Juvenile Delinquency Committee, NCLOE” Wisconsin 9: 0501 plan for Prohibition repeal 4: 0600 Veiller, Lawrence Woman’s Division of the Detroit Police “The Rising Tide of Crime” 2: 0309 Department Venue annual report, 1928 3: 0208 3: 0219 Women Virginia drinking by 3: 0733 moonshine production in 10: 0448 as jurors 1: 0594 see also Suffolk, Virginia see also under Police Voluntary defenders Women’s Organization for National Prohibition in Los Angeles, California 1: 0515 Reform see also Public defenders 4: 0177 Warrant World Narcotic Defense Association 3: 0520 draft of Uniform State Narcotic Defense Law 5: 0332 Warren, Frank H. “Crime: A Complex or a Crisis” 2: 0309 Youths drinking by 3: 0733 Westervelt, George recreational and character building agencies for “The Wisconsin Plan” 4: 0600 2: 0073 West Virginia recreation programs for 5: 0144 public attitudes toward Prohibition in 7: 0312 relations with police 8: 0445 White Slave Traffic Act violations see also Children; Juvenile delinquency 3: 0330 Wickersham, George speeches of 7: 0347, 0428
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