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A Critical Evaluation of Performance Measurement Models in Saudi Arabian Charities

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A Critical Evaluation of Performance Measurement Models in Saudi Arabian Charities A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT MODELS IN SAUDI ARABIAN CHARITIES A thesis submitted to the University of Gloucestershire in accordance with the requirements of the fulfilment degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Business School By Entisar Hassan Amasha April 2018 ABSTRACT Performance measurement has a pivotal role in developing and improving a performance of an organization, a great deal of previous research into performance measurement has focused on initiating and developing models and frameworks to successfully carry on this task. However, there remains a paucity of evidence on the adequate models that could apply to the non-profit sector. This thesis enriches the existing literature in a distinctive respect, as it provides a holistic view of performance measurement models in various sectors and the critical success factors that influence them. In addition, this study specifically investigates the approaches that Saudi charity organizations conduct their performance evaluation and examines the alternative means that could be appropriate to measure the performance. The result of the thesis theoretical base: Governance Theory highlight the interchange and connection between non-profit governance theory that presents standards and best practices and the performance measurement as a key role of the charity board of directors. The empirical part of this study thoroughly describes the performance measurement practices in Saudi charities, by utilizing a quantitative approach and a questionnaire, the discussion of results provides the researcher with important insights not only to the Saudi charities practices of the evaluation performance but also to the different management aspects of their organizations. The findings of the quantitative and statistical analysis highlight significant features of this kind of organizations, as well their critical factors, challenges and the current attempts to encounter these difficulties, and the advanced plans to develop and improve the charities. The discussion and findings of the examining the attitudes towards research queries demonstrate that the charities are prepared and capable to achieve excellent and modern performance measurement models. I Significantly, the findings that have emerged from the qualitative approach and its instrument semi-structured interview analysis and discussion are powerful platforms for providing the thesis with deep understanding of the performance measurement and the actual and practical successful assessment models, as well this evidential outcome suggests that the roles of the board of directors and the governance style of the charity are the essential factors of measuring performance. The overall of this study inspires the researcher to propose a framework to carry out the measuring and evaluation of a charity performance in holistic approach with flexible features that could suite different kind of organizations With respect to the thesis findings, the researcher suggests the following recommendations; First and foremost, non-profit organizations need intensive professional development as a whole in order to develop measuring performance. Second; these organizations should consider the various aspects when measuring their performance such as a governance approach and management aspects. Third; charities have to take serious revision to achieve the desired level of excellence and take advantages from the international and national successful experiences. Finally, the charities should encourage research in different fields to contribute to the development of them. Based on the current research, it should future studies also include, such as investigating the extent of wide range of PMMs as they appear in the different areas of management literature on the charity sector in general and on the Saudi charities in specific. In addition, the critical success factors of charitable organizations and their performance measurement need more research. Because most of the studies focus mainly on mixed methods, the significant experiences of designing and carrying on innovative and successful performance measurement approaches that emerged from the interviews highlight the II need to deeply and intensively investigate these models with various research approaches and methods such as a case study. III DECLARATION I declare that the work in this thesis was carried out in accordance with the regulations of the University of Gloucestershire and is original except where indicated by specific reference in the text. No part of the thesis has been submitted as part of any other academic award. The thesis has not been presented to any other education institution in the United Kingdom or overseas. Any views expressed in the thesis are those of the author and in no way represent those of the University. Signed Date 15 May 2018 IV DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my Mother who has always believed in me and taught me the importance of education, and to her gracious unconditional love (O, Allah, has mercy upon her and grants her the Paradise). In addition, I would like to dedicate this effort to my sister; Dr. Reda who has supported and encouraged me through my whole life; her faith and strength have taught me boundless appreciation for the meaning of hope and success. Finally, I devote this work to my family; my father, sisters, brothers, nieces and nephews for their unwavering care and love, and inspiration over years. V ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In the name of Allah the Most Gracious and Merciful, and peace, prayer and blessing of Allah the Almighty be upon our beloved Messenger Muhammad. Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah for the strengths and blessings in completing this thesis. First of all, I am eternally thankful to the Saudi Ministry of Education and the Taif University for sponsoring, allowing and helping me to step onto this path to achieve my educational goal. Then, my thanks and appreciation to the members of Business School at the University of Gloucestershire for helping, assisting and facilitating my study, especially Dr Tracy Jones and Dr Angela Lorenz for overseeing my research and coordinating the administrative concerns In addition, I am deeply grateful to Dr Philippa Ward who has generously given her time and expertise for persevering with me throughout the time I needed help and support. In addition, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the staff of the Student Achievement team whose assistance, contribution and good-natured support made it possible for me to complete writing my research. It may be most important to acknowledge the Ministry of Social Affairs for permitting me access to the Saudi Charities; in addition, I must convey my deepest appreciation and thanks to all charity organizations for their contribution and enlightening insights. Furthermore, it is a great opportunity for me to sincerely thank many friends, colleagues and institutions in Saudi for their friendship, kindness, knowledge, and wisdom that assisted, advised, and supported my research; specifically, during the stage of the pilot study and statistical analysis. Thank you very much. VI Table of Contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ I DECLARATION ................................................................................................................. IV DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................... V ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................... VI Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... VII LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. XI LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. XII ABBREVIATION ............................................................................................................ XIV First Chapter: The Introduction ............................................................................................. 1 1.1- Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Research Motivation ............................................................................................................ 2 1.3- Research Background ......................................................................................................... 2 1.4- Research Objectives and Questions .................................................................................... 7 1.5- Research Methodology ..................................................................................................... 12 1.6- Thesis Structure and Content ............................................................................................ 13 1.7- Significance of the Study .................................................................................................. 15 1.8- Summary ........................................................................................................................... 16 Second Chapter: Background of Saudi charity organization .............................................. 17 2.1 - Introduction ....................................................................................................................
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