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Gruber Foundation Formed at Yale Yale Joins Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Yale University Astronomy Department Newsletter Vol. 3 Fall 2011 No. 1 Yale joins Sloan Digital Sky Survey III Yale is now a fully participating member of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) Collaboration. Although Yale was not a member during the first two phases of SDSS, the suc- cess of SDSS and the excitement of Yale astronomers about the projects and data of SDSS-III led Yale to join now. Based on citations in refereed articles and meeting abstracts, SDSS has been rated as the telescope project with the biggest sci- entific impact in history, beating out even the Hubble Space Telescope and the Keck Telescopes (c.f. Madrid, Juan P. and Macchetto, Duccio 2009arXiv0901.4552M). The previous incarnations of SDSS have imaged 13,000 square degrees, corresponding to about a third of the en- tire sky. SDSS-III is taking spectra of interesting objects that were found in these images, through a program of four sur- veys that cover three scientific themes. The Baryon Oscil- lation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) studies dark energy and the geometry of space. (SEE SDSS-III, p. 4) SDSS-III Data Release 8 image from January 2011 Gruber Foundation formed at Yale with prizes and fellowships in astronomy and cosmology In May of 2011, Patricia and Peter Gruber officially formed the Gruber Founda- tion at Yale University, dedicated to the advancement of science, support of young scientists, global justice, and women’s rights. The Gruber Foundation at Yale will succeed The Peter and Patricia Gruber Foundation, originally estab- lished in 1993, and carry on its philanthropic mission, including its prestigious annual science prizes. -
The Mutable Galaxies How Galaxies Enrich with Heavy Elements
GENERAL I ARTICLE The Mutable Galaxies How Galaxies Enrich with Heavy Elements Biman Nath Biman Nath is an Soon after the discovery of the expansion of the astrophysicist at the universe, astronomers hoped to determine the Raman Research parameters of the universe by comparing dis Institute, Bangalore. tant galaxies with nearby ones. Observing dis tant galaxies, however, meant observing them as they were long ago. A crucial assumption in Keywords these studies was that galaxies hardly change, in Galaxies, evolution of stars, the time scale of the expansion of the universe. production of elements. Beatrice Tinsley was one of the first astronomers to point out that galaxies do change. Here we discuss a simplified model of galactic evolution, and show that the comparison of its prediction with observations uncovers clues to how galaxies evolve with time. A cursory look at the starry sky at night is likely to make us think that stars, galaxies and the universe are immutable and changeless. Stars and galaxies do how ever change with time. The beginning of the last century was marked by the discovery of the expansion of the uni verse and also the development of our knowledge of the evolution of stars. Yet, the overall evolution of galaxies, as a result of stellar evolution, was considered too messy, and perhaps even negligible. The study of stars told us that stars shine as a result of thermonuclear reactions inside their cores. These Beatrice Tinsley reactions synthesize heavy elements like carbon, oxy was one of the first gen, nitrogen and so forth, beginning with hydrogen astronomers to and helium (which were created in the first few minutes point out that of the birth of the universe). -
Prof. Scott Christopher Chapman Current Address: Dalhousie University Dept
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Prof. Scott Christopher Chapman Current Address: Dalhousie University Dept. of Physics and Atmospheric Science Coburg Road Halifax, B3H1A6, Canada Phone: (902) 494 2370 Fax: (902) 494 2377 e-mail: [email protected] Citizenship: Canadian Birthdate: May 13, 1971 Work/Educational Background 08/2012{present Dalhousie University Professor in Astrophysics 06/2011{08/2012 University of Cambridge, IoA Professor in Astrophysics 10/2007{05/2011 University of Cambridge, IoA Reader, Associate Professor in Astrophysics 06/2006{10/2007 University of Victoria Adjunct assistant professor, Canadian Space Agency Fellow (6 months deferred for parental leave) 06/2001{01/2006 California Institute of Technology Senior Postdoctoral Fellow 05/1999{06/2001 Carnegie Observatories Magellan Fellow 10/1996{09/1999 University of British Columbia PhD, supervisors: Gordon Walker, Simon Morris \The nature of active galaxies" 09/1995{10/1996 University of British Columbia MSc, supervisor: Gordon Walker \A precisely aligned CCD mosaic for astronomy" 09/1990{05/1995 University of British Columbia BSc (Honours Physics/Math) 09/1988{05/1990 Van. Academy of Music/ Diploma (violin performance, minor: philosophy) Simon Fraser University Grants and Awards (totaling over US$3mil) 2012 PI CFI - Leaders Opportunity Fund (Dalhousie) 5 years 2012 PI NSERC - Discovery grant (Dalhousie) 5 years 2012 PI Dalhousie faculty startup grant 2009 CoI Cambridge, IoA Observational Rolling Grant \Obscured star formation at high-z" 2008 PI Spitzer research grant, cycle -
The James Webb Space Telescope: Mission Overview and Status
The James Webb Space Telescope: Mission Overview and Status Matthew A. Greenhouse and the JWST Science Working Group' Goddard Space Flight Center Code 443.2 Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA Abstract- The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the Infrared The lWST architecture is prinuirily shaped by successor to tbe Hubble Space Telescope. It is a cryogenic infrared 2 requirements associated with answering the above questions. space observatory with • 25 m aperture (6 m class) telescope In contrast to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the lWST yielding diffraction limited IIDgular resolution at a wave1engtll of :z is designed as an infrared optimized telescope to observe um. The science instrument payload includes three passively cooled near-infrared instruments providing broad- and narrow-band the redshifted ultraviolet radiation from the first galaxies imagery, coronagraphy, as well as mulu-Gbject and Integral-field and supernovae of the flfSt stars. To achieve the nly spectroscopy over the 0.6 <).. < 5.0 um spectrum. An actively cooled sensitivity needed to observe this era (z - 6-20), the mid..fnfrared instrument provides broad-band imagery, observatory must have a telescope aperture that is larger in ooronagrapby, and integral-field spectroscopy over the 5.0 < A. < 29 diameter than the largest rocket faring, and the entire optical um spectrum. The JWST is being developed by NASA, in system must be cooled to -40-50 K. Finally, the resulting partRership with the European and Canadian Space Agencies, al a large deployable cryogenic telescope must achieve HST-like general user facility with science observations to be proposed by the angular resolution across the SWIR spectrum. -
Women in Astronomy: an Introductory Resource Guide
Women in Astronomy: An Introductory Resource Guide by Andrew Fraknoi (Fromm Institute, University of San Francisco) [April 2019] © copyright 2019 by Andrew Fraknoi. All rights reserved. For permission to use, or to suggest additional materials, please contact the author at e-mail: fraknoi {at} fhda {dot} edu This guide to non-technical English-language materials is not meant to be a comprehensive or scholarly introduction to the complex topic of the role of women in astronomy. It is simply a resource for educators and students who wish to begin exploring the challenges and triumphs of women of the past and present. It’s also an opportunity to get to know the lives and work of some of the key women who have overcome prejudice and exclusion to make significant contributions to our field. We only include a representative selection of living women astronomers about whom non-technical material at the level of beginning astronomy students is easily available. Lack of inclusion in this introductory list is not meant to suggest any less importance. We also don’t include Wikipedia articles, although those are sometimes a good place for students to begin. Suggestions for additional non-technical listings are most welcome. Vera Rubin Annie Cannon & Henrietta Leavitt Maria Mitchell Cecilia Payne ______________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents: 1. Written Resources on the History of Women in Astronomy 2. Written Resources on Issues Women Face 3. Web Resources on the History of Women in Astronomy 4. Web Resources on Issues Women Face 5. Material on Some Specific Women Astronomers of the Past: Annie Cannon Margaret Huggins Nancy Roman Agnes Clerke Henrietta Leavitt Vera Rubin Williamina Fleming Antonia Maury Charlotte Moore Sitterly Caroline Herschel Maria Mitchell Mary Somerville Dorrit Hoffleit Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Beatrice Tinsley Helen Sawyer Hogg Dorothea Klumpke Roberts 6. -
Astro2020 Science White Paper: JWST GTO/ERS Deep Surveys
Astro2020 Science White Paper: JWST GTO/ERS Deep Surveys Thematic Areas: ☐ Planetary Systems ☐ Star and Planet Formation ☐Formation and Evolution of Compact Objects ☒ Cosmology and Fundamental Physics ☐Stars and Stellar Evolution ☐Resolved Stellar Populations and their Environments ☒Galaxy Evolution ☐Multi-Messenger Astronomy and Astrophysics Principal Author: Marcia Rieke University of Arizona [email protected] 520-621-2731 Co-authors: Santiago Arribas Centro de Astrobiología, Madrid Andrew Bunker University of Oxford Stephané Charlot Sorbonne Université Institut d ’Astrophysique de Paris Steve Finkelstein University of Texas Austin Roberto Maiolino University of Cambridge Brant Robertson UC Santa Cruz and Institute for Advanced Study Chris Willott Hertzberg Institute of Astrophysics Rogier Windhorst Arizona State University Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics: Daniel Eisenstein Erica Nelson Sandro Tacchella University of Arizona: Eiichi Egami Ryan Endsley Brenda Frye Kevin Hainline Raphael Hviding George Rieke Christina Williams Christopher Willmer Charity Woodrum Abstract : Discovering and characterizing the first galaxies to form in the early Universe is one of the prime reasons for building a large, cold telescope in space, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This white paper describes an integrated Guaranteed Time Observer program using 800 hours of prime time and 800 hours of parallel time to study the formation and evolution of galaxies from z ~2 to z~14, combining NIRSpec, NIRCam, and MIRI data in a coordinated -
Beatrice Tinsley, New Zealand Mathematician
Beatrice Tinsley. New Zealand Mathematician. Beatrice Hill was born on 27th January, 1941 in Chester, England. She was the middle of three sisters. The family emigrated to New Zealand when she was 5 years old. Her father became an Anglican curate and the family moved around a lot when she was young. Primary schools which Beatrice attended were St. Margaret’s College, Southbridge Primary School, and New Plymouth Central Primary School. For High School she studied at New Plymouth Girls High School, where she was an outstanding student. Beatrice’s family called her by a nick-name. What was it? 1. (a) Beetle (b) Blondie (c) B (d) Babs. Beatrice Hill started at New Plymouth Girls High School when she was 13 years old. She was an outstanding student and gained her form prize every year along with prizes in piano and violin. In her last year at school she insisted on taking extra maths. This was unusual at the time and few girls took the subject. During which years was she at New Plymouth Girls High School? 2. (a) 1954-1957 (b) 1955-1958 (c) 1956-1959 (d) 1957-1960. Beatrice studied a wide range of subjects at school. She enjoyed playing the violin and reached a very high standard. In her final year at New Plymouth Girls High School she was top of her class in both mathematics, Latin, English and Science. She was awarded Dux of the school. What does Dux mean? 3. (a) Head Prefect of her school (b) Top student at sport in her school. -
Astro2010: the Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey
Astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey Notices of Interest 1. 4 m space telescope for terrestrial planet imaging and wide field astrophysics Point of Contact: Roger Angel, University of Arizona Summary Description: The proposed 4 m telescope combines capabilities for imaging terrestrial exoplanets and for general astrophysics without compromising either. Extremely high contrast imaging at very close inner working angle, as needed for terrestrial planet imaging, is accomplished by the powerful phase induced amplitude apodization method (PIAA) developed by Olivier Guyon. This method promises 10-10 contrast at 2.0 l/D angular separation, i.e. 50 mas for a 4 m telescope at 500 nm wavelength. The telescope primary mirror is unobscured with off-axis figure, as needed to achieve such high contrast. Despite the off-axis primary, the telescope nevertheless provides also a very wide field for general astrophysics. A 3 mirror anastigmat design by Jim Burge delivers a 6 by 24 arcminute field whose mean wavefront error of 12 nm rms, i.e.diffraction limited at 360 nm wavelength. Over the best 10 square arcminutes the rms error is 7 nm, for diffraction limited imaging at 200 nm wavelength. Any of the instruments can be fed by part or all of the field, by means of a flat steering mirror at the exit pupil. To allow for this, the field is curved with a radius equal to the distance from the exit pupil. The entire optical system fits in a 4 m diameter cylinder, 8 m long. Many have considered that only by using two spacecraft, a conventional on-axis telescope and a remote occulter, could high contrast and wide field imaging goals be reconciled. -
[Your Letterhead Here]
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Announces 2019 Awards for Astronomy Research and Education San Francisco, California – July 25, 2019 The Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP), one of the oldest, innovative, and respected organizations in the U.S. dedicated to increasing the understanding and teaching of astronomy, is honored to announce the recipients of its 2019 awards for excellence in astronomy research and education. Join us in celebration of these prestigious awards at the ASP Awards Gala (Ceremony and Banquet) on November 9, 2019, at the Doubletree by Hilton Hotel, Burlingame, CA. Astronomical Society of the Pacific • 390 Ashton Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94112 • tel. (415) 337-1100 Maria and Eric Muhlmann Award The Maria and Eric Muhlmann Award recognizes significant observational results made possible by innovative advances in astronomical instrumentation, software, or observational infrastructure. The 2019 recipient of the Muhlmann Award is Dr. Mark J. Reid, Senior Radio Astronomer at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, a pioneer in the use of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and in the development of the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). Among his numerous achievements in radio astronomy made over the course of his career, Dr. Reid is being recognized for his unique use of VLBI to study the intense radio emissions coming from excited molecules, also known as astrophysical masers, to make incredibly accurate distance measurements to both nearby and distant galaxies. Reid also used this technique to make detailed, 3-dimensional measurements of our own Milky Way Galaxy’s and its elusive center, a feat earning him the deep respect of his peers. -
How Galaxies Enrich with Heavy Elements
GENERAL ç ARTICLE The Mutable Galaxies How Galaxies Enrich with Heavy Elements Biman Nath Biman Nath is an Soon aft er t he discovery of t he expansion of t he astrophysicist at the universe, ast ronomers hoped t o det ermine t he Raman Research paramet ers of t he universe by comparing dis- Institute, Bangalore. t ant galaxies wit h nearby ones. Observing dis- t ant galaxies, however, meant observing t hem as t hey were long ago. A crucial assumpt ion in Keywords t hese st udies was t hat galaxies hardly change, in Galaxies, evolution of stars, t he t ime scale of t he expansion of t he universe. production of elements. B eat rice T insley was one of t he ¯rst ast ronomers t o point out t hat galaxies do change. H ere we discuss a simpli¯ed model of galact ic evolut ion, and show t hat t he comparison of it s predict ion wit h observat ions uncovers clues t o how galaxies evolve wit h t ime. A cursory look at the starry sky at night is likely to make us think that stars, galaxies and the universe are immutable and changeless. Stars and galaxies do how- ever changewith time. Thebeginning of thelast century was marked by thediscovery of theexpansion of theuni- verse and also the development of our knowledge of the evolution of stars. Yet, the overall evolution of galaxies, as a result of stellar evolution, wasconsidered too messy, and perhaps even negligible. The study of stars told us that stars shine as a result of thermonuclear reactions inside their cores. -
Henrietta Hill Swope1 by David Devorkin, August 3, 1977 at the Hale Observatories, Santa Barbara State
Excerpts from an Interview with Henrietta Hill Swope1 by David DeVorkin, August 3, 1977 at the Hale Observatories, Santa Barbara State Section I: Early Life, Education, and Interest in Astronomy Swope: When I was young, I became interested in looking at the stars. This is when I was about 10 or 12, and I took William Tyler Olcott’s book. It’s a little book about finding stars or something. Constellations. And I used to go out and identify the constellations. Especially in the summer, because the winter was too cold. …. DeVorkin: So your first touch with the stars then was [in New Brunswick, NJ]? Swope: Through my own thing. Then I guess — well, I always was interested in the stars, and then, we went to Nantucket in the summer time, and Margaret Harwood was the astronomer there, at the Marin Mitchell Observatory, and she had lectures at the Observatory. We’d go down from Wauwinet and my oldest brother and myself, I’m the oldest in the family, then my oldest brother, we usually rode down on horses. It was about a nine mile trip down and nine miles back. DeVorkin: Where did you live on Nantucket? Swope: Oh, we were up at Wauwinet, Nantucket. I heard Dr. Harlow Shapley talk. She would invite Dr. Shapley down. He gave a lecture that excited me very much, about the universe and about his finding the globular clusters all in one place and their place around the Milky Way, the center of our galaxy. DeVorkin: Could you recall the approximate year, give or take a few years, that you heard this lecture? Swope: I think about — probably around 1917. -
Biography Robert Williams Is Currently Astronomer Emeritus at Space
Prof. ROBERT WILLIAMS - Biography Robert Williams is currently Astronomer Emeritus at Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, and Distinguished Osterbrock Professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz. From 1993-98 he served as Director of the Institute, which with Goddard Space Flight Center operates Hubble Space Telescope for NASA and ESA. Before assuming his present positions Williams spent 8 years in Chile as Director of the Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory, the national observatory of the U.S. in the southern hemisphere. Prior to that time he was Professor of Astronomy at the University of Arizona in Tucson for 18 years. Dr. Williams' research specialties include novae, nebulae, and emission-line spectroscopy and analysis. Williams received his undergraduate degree from the University of California, Berkeley in 1962, and a Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of Wisconsin in 1965. He was Senior Fulbright Professor at University College London from 1972-73, and received the Alexander von Humboldt Award from the German government in 1991. In 1998 he was awarded the Beatrice Tinsley Prize of the American Astronomical Society for his leadership of the Hubble Deep Field project, which revealed in remarkable detail the evolution of galaxies in the early universe. For this project he was awarded the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal in 1999. Dr. Williams is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and is a Past- President of the International Astronomical Union. In 2016 he was awarded the Karl Schwarzschild Medal for career achievement in astrophysics by the German Astronomische Gesellschaft. He is a strong advocate for science education and has lectured around the world on astronomical discoveries and the importance of science in modern life.