1 BICULTURALISM for architectural practice as away of creating situations and professional environments Instigating change in social RMIT 2014 RMIT Doctor of Philosophy McAdamJames IN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE ARCHITECTURAL IN

BICULTURALISM IN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE

Instigating change in social and professional environments as a way of creating situations for architectural practice

James McAdam

A Dissertation submitted in fulfi lment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

School of Architecture & Design RMIT University August 2014 Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Tanya Kalinina who for over 20 years has been a dedicated partner in life and in work, and has shared with me the experience of our practice together since our meeting in 1990. Th ese thanks extend to this research in which Tanya played a part as co-author of the works and on the common elements of this dissertation.

I express gratitude to all those who have been involved with the practice, past and present, who have contributed to the architecture and resultant body of works.

Particular thanks go to my children, Polina and Misha, for their patience during this concentrated process of research, and to my mother, Dr. Gloria McAdam who has advised on the writing of the dissertation.

Finally I would express thanks to my doctoral supervisor, Professor Leon van Schaik who encouraged this process and was a source of great insight.

Declaration

I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made, the work is that of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the offi cial commencement date of the approved research program; any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged; and, ethics procedures and guidelines have been followed.

James McAdam 15 August 2014 Contents

1. Intoduction / JM 710. The Black Spot / JM, TK 102 What is the essence of the design process?

2. The Bicultural Practice / JM, TK 10 11. Coalition Government and the How can two opposing cultures and places Importance of the Relay / JM 116 be linked through architecture, and what were the key bicultural moments in this process? How can a partnership operate without specifi c guidelines or manifesto?

3. The Practice Map / JM, TK 22 12. The Art of Elasticity / JM, TK 120 How can we begin to understand the complex What does the body of work comprise and what are the reasons behind it? workings of 20 years of practice?

13. What Architect? / JM, TK 124 4. The Endeavours of Practice / JM, TK 32 How can the practice be categorized and positioned What are the practice’s activities and aspirations and how in the architectural profession? do they combine to create the essence of the practice?

14. Project Imagination / JM, TK 134 5. Trubnaya, Larch House and Univermag / JM, TK 44 How can one single event create the basis of practice for years to come? What are the practice’s seminal key projects and what are the drivers behind the approaches engaged? 15. Dark Satanic Mills / JM 146 How important is the life background to the 6. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy / JM, TK 70 mental space of the future practitioner? Who are the practice mentors and what enchainments are apparent in its work? 16. Bring on The Mega Projects / JM 154 How can an architectural practice infl uence the direction 7. The Accumulation of Skills / JM, TK 76 of urbanism and development strategies? How did the practice develop professionally to become what it is today?

17. The Rise of Kubanism / JM 168 8. Happy Families / JM, TK 84 How can we instigate change through teaching and educational programs? What are the prevalent architectural components in the practice’s work?

18. A Summary of Research and Findings / JM 174 9. Belonging to the Emperor / JM 90 What did the research entail, what did we discover, and Are there specifi c patterns and formulas at how might this be applicable to other practices? work in the architecture produced?

Bibliography / JM 180

Essays marked (JM, TK) are common essays and those marked (JM) are individual essays. TK - Tanya Kalinina, JM - James McAdam 6 1. Intoduction 1. Intoduction seminar, the Time for Change exhibition, and a number of collaborative projects projects of collaborative anumber and exhibition, for Change Time the seminar, stranger ‘the as to host’. the and We referred specifi we describe scenario a into developed this how and Perestroika, refl We one entity. as years, for many architecture topractice other’s toeach cultures adapted and learned have Russia), and (Britain countries two from James) (Tanya and individuals two where of biculturalism amicrocosm as practice We imaginethe practice. of our context specifi the within of biculturalism workings the weinvestigate chapters these In Th environments professional and social in change Instigating • • Th • A refl practice • Th general headings: Th identifi specifi relate chapters Other work. of our joint underpinnings the demonstrating thus partners, toboth common is and practice actual toour relates dissertation of the part A large architectural profession. topromote the activities strategic and programs, educational and work, teaching Th toseeks understand the workings of the bicultural Architects. practice McAdam It Tanya and Kalinina. McAdam James architects, bytwo Russia) and (Britain Th practice’. for architectural situations Ghent in (PRS) environments’, of away creating as professional and Symposia social in change Instigating Research Practice in and Barcelona. Th participation included which 2014), 2011–August (April years ahalf and University, of three over aperiod at RMIT Th Introduction is dissertation is a record of research undertaken on the Practice Research Program Program Research Practice the on undertaken research of record a is dissertation is e work is arefl ework is e research is organised into chapters, which can in turn be grouped under four four under grouped be turn in can which into chapters, organised is eresearch rough our research, we explored our practice’s realisation of a diverse body of body of adiverse realisation practice’s our we explored research, our rough e bicultural practice ebicultural e process of practice: essence of design, collaboration and role in the profession the role in and collaboration of design, essence of practice: eprocess e bicultural practice: how two cultures can be linked through architectural architectural through linked be can cultures how two practice: ebicultural ed as common or individual in the contents page. the in or common individual as ed ect on how this interaction began with a student exchange at the time of time atthe exchange astudent with began interaction on how this ect ection on the body of works and practice activities practice and of works body on the ection cally to areas of individual interest and research. Th research. and interest of individual toareas cally ection of 20 years of architectural practice between two countries countries two between practice of architectural years of 20 ection e title of this research is ‘Biculturalism in Architectural Practice: Practice: Architectural in ‘Biculturalism is research this of title e c bicultural events – the Project Imagination Imagination Project –the events c bicultural ese chapters are c For McAdam the research chapters are situated situated are chapters research the McAdam For The dissertation comprises a series of chapters ofchapters aseries comprises dissertation The the left, James McAdam to the right, meshing meshing right, tothe McAdam James left, the April, 2013. This diagram shows the individual individual the shows diagram This 2013. April, Practice Research Symposium Five, in Ghent, Ghent, in Five, Symposium Research Practice chapters of the partners, Tanya to Kalinina partners, ofthe chapters at the beginning of the dissertation, with a with dissertation, ofthe beginning at the Diagram of PhD Dissertation Structure, Structure, Dissertation PhD of Diagram covering both the research and context. and research the both covering Contents, marked (TK, JM) for common common for JM) (TK, marked Contents, with common chapters in the centre. the in chapters common with For Kalinina the contextual chapters chapters contextual the Kalinina For reflective study of context following. ofcontext study reflective beginning of the dissertation, to set toset dissertation, ofthe beginning These chapters are identified in the the in identified are chapters These ones, and (JM) for individual ones. (JM) individual and for ones, the scene for the actual research. actual the for scene the are deliberately situated at the atthe situated deliberately are 1. Intoduction McAdam Architects,

7 8 1. Intoduction through the granting of a license to practice. We also explore how and where the where the We how explore and topractice. also of alicense granting the through Th idea or concept. of aprinciple safeguarding and creation the as weidentify which practice, of the Th partners. the Th profession. role the our in and partnership, of the workings the of design, essence off the From Th process. design the informing principles of guiding aset is there whether and attributes, bycommon connected diff fundamentally these store. We whether department asked Trubnaya the projects: Offi key seminal of three investigation toadetailed research of the aportion we dedicated architecture, the in engaged methods and drivers of the picture To aclearer establish or relationships. patterns any understand to attempt in matrices in components and projects our Iplotted family. same the diff very be can works how key investigated We work. the in then components evident of architectural astudy instigating Th practice. of enjoymentour of specifi works and activities in terms of intellectual satisfaction. We use this tool to measure Th projects. built and competitions, initiatives, Th developments. and links, moments, key identifying through complexities in clarity –togive overview atoolfor as program research the throughout Map Practice this developed and practice activities against time, political contexts, and social events. We used refl the research, our In conclusions. broader for drawing essential was practice’s work of itself the analysis Structured Refl cross-cultural knowledge with specifi combining close, in focus and adistance from able toview bybeing context, local of restraints the and practice of global banality the overcome both can practice bicultural the that We context. argue local with exchange ofform international refl of this part As practice. development bicultural ofthe the to contributed initiatives how these examine and education, and architecture in e interaction between the partners is the key to this articulation, which operates operates which articulation, tothis key the is partners the between einteraction e Practice Map also revealed the diversity and variety of architecture produced, produced, of architecture variety and diversity the revealed also Map ePractice for atool gauging of Endeavours, Diagram the todevise us lead discoveries ese is begins with a series of conversations relying on intense collaboration between between collaboration on intense relying of conversations aseries with begins is e process ofpractice eprocess ection on the body of work body on the ection set, our aim has been to understand the process of practice – the –the of practice process the tounderstand been has aim our set, e main purpose of this is to establish the fundamental concern concern fundamental the toestablish is of this purpose emain ection, we consider the traits and benefi and traits the weconsider ection, is overview revealed distinct streams of practice: strategic streams distinct revealed is overview c projects and to understand their position in the endeavours endeavours the in position their tounderstand and c projects ce Building, the Larch House, and the Univermag Univermag the and House, Larch the Building, ce ection on 20 years of work began by mapping mapping by began work of years 20 on ection c constraints of location and cultural context. cultural and of location c constraints erent while remaining clearly part of part clearly remaining erent while ts of biculturalism as a as of ts biculturalism erent are projects In the dissertation’s fi chapter nal – time. this during weattended which (PRS) Symposia Research Practice the from directly derived is exercise speculative for this Inspiration teaching. through change instigate can practice architectural how an suggest and university, ataRussian development program professional for a ideas toexplore Ibegan research, Towards end of this the investigation. of this part forms and activity practice important an is education Architectural plans. expansion city and complexes, trading giant for settlements, designs and writing, brief planning, involvement urban practice’s in the development. We discuss infl can practice architectural how an On this same theme, we examine our work on strategic planning to understand practice. future of for years basis the created event which asingle of this: example 14, apowerful as is and professional activities. Th public in engage and clients, educate projects, We instigate topractice. which in Th that to similar consultant, lead as architect’. of a‘19th is century role Our We categorise collaborative. mainly as circumstances. activities its unconventional in operating architect conventional a tobe strives We society. role its practice in how and the consider profession the in practice of position the atthe looks research of the section A substantial environments professional and social in change Instigating 1990s. the in of Moscow environment changing fast the in situations eff to learned have and skills professional their accumulated partners into how the looks also research of the part infl and roles their mentors, investigating peripheral mentors. We and identifi have upbringings our considered wehave characteristics of these underpinnings the tounderstand attempt In specifi without operates collaboration how this and Tanya with Kalinina into my partnership study, further looked Ihave introspective of this acontinuation As partners. of the characteristics inbuilt tothe how it relates and way this in operates practice why the We place. examine takes of practice process future practice. our inform will that quests continuing the as we see which out questions sets and Th London. in Development company infl directly has Program Research Practice how the and practice on future We speculate also commissions. of residential aseries through develops practice how the describing Britain, work in recent our e research process crystallizes many aspects of the workings of the practice, practice, of the workings of the aspects many crystallizes process eresearch is study leads to the revelation that the partners endeavour to create situations situations tocreate endeavour partners the that revelation tothe leads study is e Project Imagination seminar, described in Chapter Chapter in described seminar, eProject Imagination ectively research, adapt, and respond to a variety of to avariety respond and adapt, research, ectively ‘New Directions in Practice’ uence the direction of urbanism and city city and of urbanism direction the uence uenced the opening of an Architectural Architectural an of opening the uenced c guidelines or a manifesto. or amanifesto. c guidelines uence on the practice. Th practice. onuence the ed the practice’s key – we focus on –wefocus is 1. Intoduction

9 2. Th e Bicultural Practice

How can two opposing cultures and places be linked through architecture, and what were the key bicultural moments in this process? 12 2. TheBicultural2. Practice Architecture exchange between Moscow Architectural Institute Architectural Moscow between exchange nations or peoples’ nations of two customs and attitudes cultural the or combining –having ‘Bicultural the key bicultural moments in this process? be linked through architecture, andwhat were How cantwo opposing cultures andplaces Th later, and afamily. for practice, foundation the was which desire diff cultural of Th other’s the in country. socializing and studying, byliving, other’s the about culture, Th schools. respective of their ateach for asemester studies Th of coincidences. aseries through established was As with many partnerships, the bicultural practice of McAdam and Kalinina of William Alsop of William offi of abicultural opening the and for multiple exchanges basis the It was Russia. and of Britain architects the between Th other’s each cultures. in afoot placing Kalinina and of McAdam aconsequence as Russia, and Britain of professions architectural the between it created link direct the was success Th Institute. Architectural Moscow the from students and professors with workshops torun Moscow visited architects British known well- 20 where workshops, of seminar organization and initiation the enabled e fi e second coincidence was Project Imagination Project was coincidence esecond tolearn began partners Both beginning. the from set was stance ebicultural e results of this bicultural activity led to a much-increased level of connection of connection level toamuch-increased led activity bicultural of this eresults is allowed cross-cultural exchange and discussion, and an early understanding understanding early an and discussion, and exchange cross-cultural allowed is rst coincidence occurred as a result of Perestroika aresult as occurred coincidence rst 6 William Alsop: a well-known, practicing British architect, noted for flamboyant designs. flamboyant for noted architect, British practicing awell-known, Alsop: 6 William 14. Chapter See 1992. in Institute Architectural atMoscow a week for workshops ran architects British 20 where seminar educational Imagination: Project 5. Arts. of Creative University ofthe part Now students. of150 school architectural asmall ofArchitecture: School 4 Canterbury students. postgraduate and undergraduate 2,000 over with Russia, and Moscow in architecture of students for establishment educational main the Institute: Architectural 3 Moscow 1980s. late the during USSR the in happened that changes economic and social political, the 2 Perestroika: ofCanada. peoples speaking English and French the example: for nations, within cultures oftwo tocombining refers invariably of‘bicultural’ definition 1 The 4 in 1990. McAdam and Kalinina met and plotted extended exchange exchange extended plotted and met Kalinina and 1990. in McAdam erences. Crucially, there evolved an immovable trust and mutual mutual and trust immovable an evolved there Crucially, erences. 6 , in 1993., in . Oxford English Dictionary English . Oxford ce, run by McAdam and Kalinina with patronage patronage with Kalinina and byMcAdam run ce, 1 . 5 in 1992. in Th e key to Project Imagination’s Imagination’s toProject ekey 3 and Canterbury School of 2 , which enabled a student astudent enabled , which is bicultural link 2. TheBicultural2. Practice of Tanya Kalinina and James McAdam, McAdam, of Tanya James and Kalinina James McAdam with position of iron curtain 1961–89, 1961–89, curtain ofiron position with Map of Europe of Map and student exchange link in 1990. in link exchange student and of McAdam Architects, 2005. Architects, of McAdam in the Moscow off Moscow the in ice showing birthplaces birthplaces showing Tanya Kalinina and

13 14 Russia Moscow offMoscow the from Breeze ‘A 1990s. in the ice 1998. James McAdam (left), Tanya (left), Kalinina, McAdam James 1998. Article by Bart Goldhoorn (Editor of (Editor Goldhoorn byBart Article McAdam, as directors of Alsop Architects, Architects, ofAlsop directors as McAdam, ), on the role of Tanya Kalinina and James ofTanya James role and the ), on Kalinina TheMoscow offTheMoscow in Architects Alsop of ice 2. TheBicultural2. Practice West’ – West’ James Allen (in background), (in Allen James Project Russia Project and William Alsop (right). Alsop William and no. 14, 1999. 14, no. Project Project Th culture back toBritain. back culture and architecture on Russian of information atrickle profession, and Russian into the methods design and of professional It toadissemination led communities. architectural British and Russian the both with tointegrate ameans as practice of the nature bicultural the weused and arrangement, this toorchestrate freedom maximum given were Kalinina and McAdam Britain. from expertise input and professional but with instinctive to the practice. tothe instinctive completely is biculturalism therefore cultures, of both understanding comprehensive a have of us Both cultures. two the in properly embedded for those souls two even perhaps and things, about of talking ways two of socializing, ways humour, two of senses two languages, distinct two also Consequently, are there locations. two Blythe Th 2 x professional circles. In this way, ours is a ‘pure’ form of biculturalism in practice. Th practice. in biculturalism of form ‘pure’ a is ours Hutton way, Sauerbruch of this practices In circles. professional and societies respective the with engaged equally tobe partners for both and cultures, parent two partners’ the in it’s literally tooperate not practices for common so such However, practice. architectural in together join often backgrounds and cultures diff from practitioners thing; not is anew context this in practice Bicultural practice. architectural established ofan infrastructure onthe rely himself. It is able to operate rather independent Alsop then faces’ practice of this from the ‘ London the more much are McAdam Tanya offi James and Kalinina signifibut scene. architectural Moscow the in player cant fi small as a itself architectural establish to British of the managed has Alsop rm William Th rule. the to exception an forms that practice architectural one is there glorious, from far are inMoscow architects offoreign work ofthe results the Although in practice’s position the described Th amultiple of two. wereessentially of elements practice all x 2’, that implying Bart GoldhoornBart

e specifi is exchange model remains in eff in remains model exchange is at practice ran for seven years (1993–2000) and was located primarily in Moscow, in primarily located (1993–2000) was years and for seven ran at practice 10 , during Practice Research Symposium Six, Barcelona November 2013, ‘2 Barcelona as Six, Symposium Research Practice , during at RMIT University. &Design ofArchitecture School Dean, and Architecture in Professor Blythe: Richard 10 (British). Findlay Kathryn (Japanese) and Ushida Eisaku were partners whose practice, architectural bicultural Findlay: 9 Ushida (British). Hutton Louisa and (German) Sauerbruch Matthias are partners whose practice, architectural bicultural Hutton: 8 Sauerbruch journal, ofarchitectural Editor-in-Chief Goldhoorn: 7 Bart c nature of the biculturalism of the practice was summarised by Richard byRichard summarised was practice of the biculturalism of the c nature 7 , Editor of , Editor Project Russia Project 8 and Ushida Findlay Project Russia Project ect today: two individuals, two cultures, and and cultures, two individuals, two today: ect , summed up the general atmosphere and and atmosphere general up the , summed no. 14 (1999) ‘A West’: the from Breeze 9 are similar to ours in this respect. this in ours to similar are Project Russia Project ce, whereas it can itcan whereas ce, . e Moscow offi eMoscow erent ce e of bicultural activities at the time of the student student ofthe time atthe activities of bicultural seminar (1992) and during the first seven years years seven first the during and (1992) seminar This diagram shows the location and influence influence and location the shows diagram This exchange (1990–91), the Project Imagination Imagination Project the (1990–91), exchange Activity. McAdam Architects. of Moscow-based practice (1993–2000). 2. TheBicultural2. Practice Practice Research Symposium Six, Six, Symposium Research Practice Barcelona, November, 2013. 2013. November, Barcelona, Diagram of Bicultural Bicultural of Diagram

15 16 2. TheBicultural2. Practice Architecture’, RIBA, March–April, March–April, RIBA, Architecture’, Cover from exhibition catalogue, catalogue, exhibition from Cover ‘Time for Change – Recent –Recent Change for ‘Time Developments in Russian 2002. movement towards the re-invention of post-Soviet architecture. re-invention of post-Soviet the movement towards Resistance’, included McAdam and Kalinina. Th example, the Moscow. For around and International in of buildings number asmall completed successfully Moscow Bank by AB Ostozhenka Partners & Kisselev bySergey building Agency) &Information News (Russian Novosti (UMA), and the Central House of Artists House Central the and (UMA), Architects Union of Moscow the (RIBA), Architects of British Institute Royal in Britain and Russia. Th Russia. and Britain in architects the between links professional and educational the toprogress anxious In parallel to the practice of designing buildings, McAdam (UMA). Architects Union light of Moscow and Kalinina positive in held were were one fi of the being to McAdam projects these Britain, Th in architecture. Russian of new interpretations subtle as Back cities. European Western with associated normally terms –in quality and todetail attention with habitat, totheir suited architecture, contextually-considered –as press bythe and circles Th won awards. projects both Russia, In imported countries. utilizing two of the professions whilst architectural on the projects bicultural of these impact locations, their to Onrefl suited methods. professional and techniques design elements and approaches design Trubnaya (1999) Th (2006). House Larch the and Th in the 1990s, ‘Paper the and in Architects’ emerged who practices of young –acombination colleagues Russian our that clear it became time, same the At Russia. towards heavily leaning was dynamic exchange bicultural that apparent it became activity, of such about tenyears After adefi was (of there which architecture promotion of contemporary general the fostering and countries the between connections instigated which exhibitions and seminars, talks, e bicultural process is clearly essential to the practice’s key projects, such as as such projects, key practice’s tothe essential clearly is process ebicultural 15 cit at the time).cit atthe . Th in the early 1990s. early the in established practice architectural private Moscow-based &Partners: Kisselev Sergey 15 1990s. early the in established practice architectural private Moscow-based Ostozhenka: Bureau, 14 Architectural paper. on only existed which ideas Utopian byproducing program building state tothe responded who 1980s, the in architects ofRussian group Architects: Paper 13 River. Moscow the on located art, contemporary for hall exhibition main Moscow’s ofArtists: House 12 Central relations. cultural and opportunities educational for organisation international Kingdom’s United the Council: British 11 The is group, which was aff was group, which is ey were closely involved with the British Council British the with involved wereclosely ey rst ‘western’ architects to become a member of the of the amember tobecome architects ‘western’ rst 13 ectionately nicknamed ‘Th nicknamed ectionately who wereno who longer ‘Paper’ bynow –had ey were complimented in architectural 12 . Th ey initiated and participated in in participated and initiated ey e key projects involved cultural cultural involved projects ekey e group was recognised as a as recognised was egroup ection, we can also see the the see also wecan ection, ese realised projects led led projects realised ese e Architectural 14 , and the RIA RIA the , and 11 , the , the ‘Time for Change’ exhibition at the RIBA, March, March, RIBA, atthe exhibition Change’ for ‘Time 2. TheBicultural2. Practice 2002.

17 18 Introduction from exhibition catalogue by James byJames catalogue exhibition from Introduction McAdam. 2. TheBicultural2. Practice exhibition at the RIBA, March, 2002. March, RIBA, atthe exhibition Article by Catherine Cooke, feature feature Cooke, byCatherine Article ‘ Time for Change for Time review of the ‘Time for Change’ Change’ for ‘Time ofthe review ’ exhibition, RIBA, RIBA, exhibition, March, 2002. – Catherine Cooke heritage. city’sof the architectural plight the going concerningly, authority, most in and corruption system, approval the was what discuss to on diffi candid wereopenand architects the environment, opportunity an was It Britain. in on in Moscow counterparts with their anwith established professional group. Away from their home Change’ (2002)Change’ Th London. in RIBA atthe Architecture, Russian in Developments on Recent ataforum speak work and their exhibit would years ten preceding the in traction gained had who Ten architects direction. Russian other the in exchange toencourage wedecided bias, Russian of this light In more closely connected with the architects of this movement. of this architects the with connected more closely As a result of their commitment to this cause, McAdam and landmarks (briefl Kalinina became constructivist was architecture Russian contemporary these that was of for Change’ of ‘Time impact Many laws. developments. heritage local by protected not are and disrepair ofcomplete inastate are economic of requirements the to victim fall cases insome and neglected, been have capital, inthe particularly thirties, and catalogue, ‘Th exhibition for Change’ ‘Time tothe Introduction the noted in McAdam James As heritage. architectural city’s the ofprotecting issue burning the and time, the at inMoscow of practicing diffi the discuss to opportunity an them gave West, ‘Time forChange’in the also ofwork amodicum ofexhibiting opportunity the architects Russian giving as well As West mid-eighties. the inthe astonished which Architecture of Paper movement protest inthe started who ofthose one Filippov, Mikhail forexample includes offi fi the ‘benchmarking as Kalinina and McAdam by conceived been has Time forChange rst ten years’. Th years’. ten rst ces rather than showing the fi fty or so ‘best buildings’. Diversity was intentional. It intentional. was Diversity buildings’. fi the ‘best showing than rather ces so or fty Building Design y) being discussed in the UK, for the fi for the UK, the in discussed y) being architecture. Modernist and Avant-Garde ofRussian a scholar (1942–2004): Cooke 17 Catherine Goloverova. Alexandra and byTanya Kalinina designed were exhibition and catalogue, logo, CHANGE FOR TIME 16 e Beginning of a New Era’: of aNew eBeginning e aim was to bring architects over here, so the exhibition represents ten ten represents exhibition the so here, over architects bring to was eaim 16 17 gave the new Russian architects physical exposure and contact contact and exposure physical architects Russian new the gave , Comments and Analysis, 15 2002: March Analysis, and , Comments summarized the event in a feature article entitled ‘Great Divide’ entitled article afeature event in the summarized …the architectural treasures of the twenties twenties ofthe treasures …the architectural rst time since 1926. since time rst e event, entitled ‘Time for ‘Time entitled eevent, cult topics relating to relating topics cult culties culties Th e

This diagram shows the location and influence of influence and location the shows diagram This five years of practice with off with ofpractice years both five London in ices bicultural activities at the time of the realisation realisation ofthe time atthe activities bicultural Time for Change exhibition (2002), and during during and (2002), exhibition Change for Time Activity. of the seminal key projects (1997-2006), the the (1997-2006), key projects seminal of the McAdam Architects 2. TheBicultural2. Practice Practice Research Symposium Six, Six, Symposium Research Practice Barcelona, November, 2013. 2013. November, Barcelona, and Moscow (2002-2007). Moscow and . Diagram of Bicultural Bicultural of . Diagram

19 20 November, 2012. This diagram shows shows diagram This 2012. November, 2. TheBicultural2. Practice London and Moscow 1993-present. Moscow and London Research Symposium Four, Ghent, Four, Ghent, Symposium Research the extent of practice activities in in activities ofpractice extent the McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam Location Pendulum, Location Diagram of of Diagram Practice Practice the magnitude of this swing. swing. of this magnitude the member. Th family of anew arrival the with tocoincide partners, of the relocating due tothe was end of 2007. London atthe in Th on growth re-focusing then and 2006–2007, in Moscow in operation asubstantial other, to the becoming one from city attentions its swing would practice the time this During country. either in culture, other of the experts as talks, and events, toconferences, invited regularly being partners toboth led It atlarge. image bicultural practice’s the reinforce did ‘pendulum’However, process this building. and of designing task important the from distracts and effi not it an is retrospect, In wardrobes. two and cars two fl of amount huge a involves It complicated. rather Th country. each one in leg with centre the in was position its that basis on the Britain and Russia between activities its For fi the two cities Perpetual motion: the pendulum between ve years following ‘Time for Change’, the practice attempted to re-balance tore-balance attempted practice for the Change’, ‘Time following veyears e economic and political pressures which followed in 2008 exaggerated exaggerated 2008 in followed which pressures political and eeconomic is literal and physical form of bicultural practice is ying, two offi two ying, cient method of practice ces, two apartments, is is tourism, cultural overview, or metaphors. overview, cultural tourism, via situation toalocal responsive authentically be can architect an notionof that the We support not in are of architecture. style or international or promote aglobal export out not It to set does not global. is practice the ‘internationally’, practicing Whilst countries. of both press bythe Anglo-Russian toas referred Th not Russian. weare Moscow in and not British weare London In bicultural. essentially as perceived truly is practice the commentators, and For critics Western in education. experience our from of ‘know-how’ for qualifi Th supervisors. and instigators weare where Th areas. one-off main two with nearby, or London in Th Israel. and projects and activities main Th tenpeople. –just small is Today practice the Th professions. estate real and cultures business diverse two the between bridge creative in London. In this for projects development of housing program estate element of areal creative the as instance bicultural exchange is critical. Th Th each. in parameters e second is a post-graduate course for tutors at Kuban State University State atKuban for tutors course apost-graduate is esecond e fi e bicultural angle is realised through the partners’ understanding of the diff of the understanding partners’ the through realised is angle ebicultural rst of these is a joint venture with a Russian Development Group, where we act Development Group, weact where aRussian with ajoint venture is of these rst ed tutors at the university. Here, the bicultural exchange works as a transfer atransfer as works exchange bicultural Here, the university. atthe tutors ed Population 800,000. 19 in Krasnodar. 18 e bicultural exchange continues to operate, and presently functions in in functions presently and tooperate, continues exchange ebicultural

Kuban State University: a large educational establishment of 8,000 students students of8,000 establishment educational alarge University: State Kuban Krasnodar: city in south of Russia, just north of the Caucasus Mountains. Mountains. Caucasus ofthe north just ofRussia, south in city Krasnodar: is is a specifi e pendulum has swung West, with the the West, with swung has ependulum c response to a chronic need need toachronic c response commissions in France e a practice as acts e practice is often often is epractice 18 , in Krasnodar , in erent erent 19 , of bicultural activities in recent years of practice, ofpractice, years recent in activities of bicultural This diagram shows the location and influence influence and location the shows diagram This where bicultural approach has extended into into extended has approach bicultural where Activity. McAdam Architects British Airways flight BA872 – daily flight flight –daily BA872 flight Airways British 2. TheBicultural2. Practice other locations and areas (2007–2012). areas and locations other Practice Research Symposium Six, Six, Symposium Research Practice Barcelona, November, 2013. 2013. November, Barcelona, from London to Moscow. . Diagram of Bicultural Bicultural of . Diagram

21 3. Th e Practice Map

How can we begin to understand the complex workings of 20 years of practice? 24 3. ThePractice Map Th workings of 20years of practice? How canwe begin to understand the complex is referred to as toas referred is diff to represent wereused bands Horizontal activities. work and of practice breadth and range the fi Our it found diffi we also nature of multifarious apractice As over time. evolved had itself practice how our torefl seldom stopped wehad then, Until activities. of practice range the and practice, of the nature peripatetic and bicultural Th to begin. 2011 in program wewerenot or where how quite sure research this webegan When research. of the stages atvarious redrawn and drawn Th at the practice activities as a whole, enabling us to draw motivation from reality. diagrams. Th the time we arrived at wearrived time the understand By to activities. and toprevious wereconnected how they and were positioned works, they where current add to able were we developed, research the As dissertation. 4of this Chapter in described is which of Endeavours, Diagram the wedeveloped mind in this With projects. built and competitions, initiatives, and visions strategic of activity: streams clear three around revolved practice the that understand toclearly us helped had Map Practice the stage, By this development. clarifi further with along added, were enchainments mentors and development poster, of the contemporaries, where 3 Map Practice works and activities were detailed. Practice milestones and infl fi development of that drawn 2 Map Practice and panelists gave also It whole. coherent a as research. of our steps next on the advise and tocomment opportunity the supervisors activities practice and work of body the view and back tostand us it allowed as process, auseful tobe We this found specifi with atimeline, against what might happen next; in other words, a tool for looking forwards as well as back. as well as forwards atoolfor looking words, other in next; happen might what 2013) it had become a living tool for plotting practice activities and for discussing e Practice Map was developed through an interactive, iterative process. It was It was process. iterative interactive, an through developed was Map ePractice is is the fi rst step in this refl this in step rst ere were distinct areas of study: the accumulated work of 20 years, the the years, 20 of work accumulated the study: of areas distinct were ere e function of the Practice Map was inductive, as it allowed us tolook us it allowed as inductive, was Map Practice of the efunction rst in a series of chapters that analyses the practice’s work through erent practice activities and project typologies. Th Practice Map 1 Map Practice (Practice Symposium Two, Symposium (Practice Ghent, November 2011) ahand- was (Practice Symposium Th Symposium (Practice cult to isolate specifi toisolate cult Practice Map 4 Map Practice ective process was to create a large, printed poster displaying displaying poster printed alarge, tocreate was process ective rst poster, where connections and links between the the between links and poster,rst connections where c moments and political events identifi events political c moments and , Practice Symposium One, Ghent, April 2011. Ghent, One, Symposium April , Practice cation of the links and connections in practice practice in connections and links of the cation (Practice Research Symposium Five, April Five, April Symposium Research (Practice ect on the body of work or to understand of work or body tounderstand on the ect c traits in our work. our in c traits ree, Ghent, April 2012) was a further 2012) Ghent, ree, April afurther was uences uences were added. ese were plotted ed. Th e poster Map 5 Map crossovers for specifi each streams the only not and turns routes, exact the but them, also understand between to connections of work and needed we development, this on To capitalise practice. of the directions Th future the informing was research the change. internal of atmosphere an monitoring and for understanding medium acrucial became process research Th London. in primarily located been had partners the 2007 since that fact the and situation, political and signifi was Russia in workload Its signifi underwent practice the program, research of the course the Over single complex diagram complex single illustrating and clarifying practice activities, infl or specifi complex ofwork, body alarge with practices established for that We believe developments. and links moments, key identify to us helped and complexities, as a whole, enabling activities practice the at look and back stand to us it allowed as us inductive was to draw motivation It time. over evolved practice howthe understanding from and ofwork, body on the reality. refl for tool It essential an was Map gave Practice the that weconclude clarityOverall, in colour on route identifi is the for which Prospectors, the on WorkingChapter with for Kalinina’s abasis as (see 14), Chapter used was seminar and Imagination confi Map Practice the example, Th over developments time. and background their described and trajectories their plotted precisely lines interconnecting whose intersections, and stations as map). or metro We railway identifi (an underground e type of work became more focused, but the locations more disparate. Th more disparate. locations but the more focused, of work became e type e results were fascinating and provided new angles for practice refl for practice angles new provided and were fascinating eresults as a linear diagram without illustration, similar to that of the ‘Tube of the tothat Map’ similar illustration, without diagram alinear as c characteristics, the Practice Map is an extremely useful tool for for tool useful extremely an is Map Practice the ccharacteristics, Practice Map 5 Map Practice 1 Tube map: The London Underground map as drawn by Harry Beck in 1931. in Beck byHarry drawn as map Underground 1 Tube London The map: c project or activity. To orc project activity. end wedeveloped this . . rmed the important starting point of the Project Project point of the starting important the rmed cantly reduced as a result of the general economic economic general of the aresult as reduced cantly ere was undoubtedly asignifi undoubtedly erewas ed the projects and activities uences and contexts in a cant moment when when moment cant cant change. ection. For ection. Practice Practice ecting ecting ed in ed e 1

3. ThePractice Map

25 26 moments and political events identified. events political and moments plotted against a timeline with specific specific with atimeline against plotted McAdam Architects, Practice Research Symposium One, One, Symposium Research Practice diagram shows practice activities activities practice shows diagram 3. ThePractice Map Ghent April 2011. This This 2011. April Ghent

Practice Map 1, 1, Map Practice activities. Milestones and influences are are influences and Milestones activities. McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam Practice Research Symposium Two, Symposium Research Practice This diagram shows a development adevelopment shows diagram This of Practice Map 1, with connections connections with 1, Map of Practice 3. ThePractice Map identified between projects and and projects between identified Ghent November 2011. 2011. November Ghent Practice Map 2, 2, Map Practice also noted.

27 28 with further detail on contemporaries, contemporaries, on detail further with Ghent April 2012. This diagram shows shows diagram This 2012. April Ghent Practice Research Symposium Three, Three, Symposium Research Practice McAdam Architects, stage the three streams of practice ofpractice streams three the stage mentors and enchainments. At this At this enchainments. and mentors a development of Practice Map 2, 2, Map ofPractice a development activity become clearly visible. clearly become activity 3. ThePractice Map Practice Map 3, 3, Map Practice Symposium Five, Barcelona November November Barcelona Five, Symposium 2013. This diagram shows the Practice Practice the shows diagram This 2013. turns and intersections are identified identified are intersections and turns Practice Map 5, Map Practice 3. ThePractice Map for specific projects and activities. and projects specific for where exact routes, connections, connections, routes, exact where Map converted into a ‘Tube Map’ a‘Tube into Map’ converted Map McAdam Architects, Practice Research Research Practice

29 30 the Practice Map being used as a tool atool as used being Map Practice the Ghent April 2013. This diagram shows shows diagram This 2013. April Ghent McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam for approaching current work with an an with work current approaching for connections with practice activities. activities. practice with connections Practice Research Symposium Five, Five, Symposium Research Practice understanding of their position and and position oftheir understanding 3. ThePractice Map Updated in August 2014. August in Updated Practice Map 4, 4, Map Practice

MILESTONES INFLUENCE / PRIVATE EDUCATION & COMPETITIONS STRATEGIC VISIONS & INITIATIVES BUILT PROJECTS COMMUNITIES OF MENTORS DEVELOPMENTS PUBLIC ACTIVITIES PRACTICE 1990 PROJECTRUSSIA founder andeditor, Bart Goldhoorn exchange Student STUDENT EXCHANGE CANTERBURY - MOSCOW 1990-91 tattoos” without anyoftheusualforMoscow“decorative Referred tobyjournalistas“effi Completed 1997 Offi Shepkina 4

PROJECT IMAGINATION New independantarchitects,debate,events,culturalexchange, NEW RUSSIA,CHAOS&EXCITEMENT, INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE,OPTIMIS

BRITISH - RUSSIAN ARCHITECTURAL SEMINAR &ResidentialBuilding,CentralMoscow.ce 1997 Exoil Servicestations MOSCOW ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE -1992 1997 ASSE EUGENE PROJECTS WITH imagination Project First newbuildcomission1994 Offi ce Building,CentralMoscow. Plotnikov MOSCOW OFFICEOPENED-1993 ALSOP ARCHITECTS 1997 Domodedovo Airport annual architecturalforum Founder of ARCH MOSCOW Vasily Bychkov Alsop Moscow simplicity” cient 1995 1998 Khrestianskaia Zastava okhp ocwAcietrlIsiue rjc mgnto Tls. Dpoaui AKI Krasnodar Diplomaunit-MARKHI Schoolsof Architecture Lectures &Conferences-UK,Russia, Lectures andtutoring,Various schoolsVarious lecturesUK,Russia Workshops Moscow Architectural Institute.Projectimagination -Tblisi. building whichhadbeenrefurbished. Mistaken bylocalarchitectasexemplary1930s Architecture. Awarded BolshayaMedal byRussian Academy of Offi ce Building,CentralMoscow. Completed1999 Trubnaya 12 P.I. Tiblisi es Today” Published inJeremyMelvinsbook“CountryHous- porary privatehousesinRussia Recognised asoneofthefi pleted 2000 Private HouseandPool,MoscowRegion.Com- Ogonek Alison andPeterSmithson critic, professorofarchitec- Architect, artist,architectural Eugine Asse 2000 Oslo OperaHouse Shepkina nulEhbto uy-Cnrl os fAtss Ehbto uhi os JMWAF JuryBarcelona Documentary Exhibition-Pushkin House TV-Changing rooms ExhibitionRIBABeyond BritainConfere Various talks&ConferencesTime forchangeexhibition British-Russian Architectural events Annual Exhibitionjury-CentralHouseof Artists Project Imagination rst minimalisticcontem- 1997 Princess CresentHouse Pekin Hotel Stopped duetolocalpolitics2005 Scheme designcomplete2004. Mixed-use development,CentralMoscow Project Russiajournal Architect, artist Alexandr Brodsky 2000 John Thompson 2002 Detsky Mir LONDON &MOSCOW2001 MCADAM ARCHITECTS Private projects M, YELTSIN by PapalEnvoytoRussia,November2000 Built bylocalcatholiccommunityandinaugurated Concept approvedbyVatican in1998 Krasnodar. Completed 2000 Church ofStBarbara&theHolyRosary, The HolyRosary Church ofStBarbara& 1999 Krasnodar House Moscow Region.2005 master planningof6000hectaresfarmlandin Development briefandcompetitionprogramfor Komunarka Masterplan Architec Alexandr Skokan Theo Crosby ontemporary settlementinMoscowRegion Recognised asfi Completed 2005 Residential settlement,MoscowRegion. Nikolskaya Sloboda Trubnaya Award t 2002 Aviapark rst non-gated,non-fencedc completed Church Repression ofContemporary Architecture inMoscowbyCityMayor RUSSIAFAST DEVELOPINGECONOMY, POLITICAL STABILITY, OIL &GAS, Re-emergence ofStateDesignInstitutesNewarchitectspushedo Cathrine Cooke 2002 2001 Moscow Apartment Architect Sergey Kisselev Univermag comission Will Alsop 2005 Started on-site2004.Stoppedduetolocalpolitics Department Store,CentralMoscow Univermag 2003 Dublin Docks Minister ofCulture Concept anddevelopmentstrategypresentedto Moscow Central Houseof Artists, Labelled inWest asRussia’s fi rst sustainablehouse. facades. materials, re-introducingtheuseofLarchplanksfor with glazedinternalcourtyard.Builtmainlyfromlocal Designed usingtraditional“backtothewind”approach Completed 2006 Private House&Pool,MoscowRegion. Larch House British Council Comission Paper architect,artist Yuri Avvakumov Eugene Ass 2004 2004 Avenue Road e Larch House Complete ner, HamburgandotherGermaconsultants 12,000 people.JointventurewithJanStormerPart- Detailed masterplanconceptfornewtownof Nikolo-Khovanskoye NewTown 2005 Terraced house Canterbury Shell completed2005. Centre, StPetersburg British CouncilInformation Partner, ProjectMeganom la,Practicingarchitect. plia), Alexandra Pavlova(Ka- climate andsocio-economicfactors. sian villacouldevolve,withconsiderationoflocal An indepthanalysisofhowthecontemporaryRus- 2008 Private House&Pool,MoscowRegion.Completed House 20 ut ofthecitytodesignforprivateclientsinsuburbia. commission , IndiscriminatedemolitionofConstructivistbuildings, New Town Vsevolod Kulish 2005 Rossiya INCREASEDWEALTH, PUTIN Meganom, professorofarchitecture Practicing architect.Partner, Project Yuri Grigorian 2006 completed House 20 Foster. individual plots,includingJeanNouvelandNorman of 8EuropeanandRussianarchitectstodesign regeneration projectinCentralMoscow. Selection Development briefandmasterplanforhigh-profi Red October GermanyDiplomaTutor Krasnadarpostgraduatereview martial artshall. Asophisticated boxcontainingspafacilitiesand Completion due2011 Spa &FitnessCentre,MoscowRegion.On-site. Sport Club 2006 St. Petersburg Film Festival with transparentconnections Private HouseandPool. Arrangemet ofpavilions Benelux Misha Architect Vladimir Plotkin Msecas20-rsn rtqe-MRH ilm uo rsoa otgaut eiw Masterclass2006-presentCritique-MARKHIDiplomatutorKrasnodar Post-graduate review c Poeto fHrtg Cntutvs udnsSve rtls) Annual exhibit ion -CHA P.I. Housing Action Protection ofHeritage(Constructivistbuidings,SovietBrutalism) nce le centre. Ongoing. New strategyforlarge-scaleretailandlogistics Centre European InternationalTrade 2008 2007 Antonovka Architect, inventor Andrey Savvin fi l h hsnoe:Aciet A uy TK/WAF JudgeandSpeaker Singapore2013 WAN jury lm -Thechosenones: Architect Ian Ritchie Detail designcompleted2010 UK projectforaRussianclient England Pool House&Pool,Surrey, UK Commission Central London2010 Apartments /Interiors

investors, developersandownersofsitesforprivatehouses. ENERGY, SUPERPOWER.RussianclientsemergeintheWest as RUSSIABECOMES MOREINFLUENTIAL INWORLD AFFAIRS 2009 Rochdelskaya centre. Ongoing. New strategyforlarge-scaleretailandlogistics Centre Moscow InternationalTrade Architects &Entertainers Savvinkin &Kuzmin eta os fAtss TKExternalExaminar UEL Central Houseof Artisis 2010 Israel Central London2012 Apartments /Interiors Detail designcompleted2011 Caesaria, Israel. Private HouseandPool, With Ginzburg2010 Alexey Sputnik Valeriy Goloverov Architect architect. Partner, Ginzburg Aleksey Ginzburg,Practicing 2012 South Winchcombe Manor Minister ofCulture Concept anddevelopmentstrategypresentedto Moscow Central Houseof Artists, s PhD ResearchProgram2011-2014 France With Ginzburg2011Alexey Salekhard 2012 Practice Research architect, DSDHA.RMITPhD, Deborah Saunt,Practicing Central London2012 development project Fernshow Road Jan Stoermer Prival HouseandPool,Onsite Anosino Private HouseandPool, 2013 Family House Aberdeen Phaze 1.Ongoing. Centre European InternationalTrade sations andindividuals. Crimea. West imposeseconomicsanctionsonRussianorgani- THE WESTINPOLITICALSTAND-OFF. Russiatakesback SOCHI WINTEROLIMPICS.UKRAINIANCRISIS,RUSSIA AND Leon vanSchaik With Andrey Chernikhov&others2013 Big Moscow search UCL. RMITPhD, PracticeRe- C. J.Lim,Professorof Architecture, MBBK Developments 2014 Renovation &Extention2014Onsite London Private HouseCromwell Avenue Ufa Russiaonsite Renovation andnewblock2013on-going Bashkortostan Hotel On site2014 Interior andOutdoormodifi cations andImprovement Phase 1Upgrade Moscow Central Houseof Artists, 2014 With Will Alsop & Alexey Ginzburg Nagatino search 5th Studio.RMIT PhD,PracticeRe- Tom Holbrook,Practicingarchitect, 4. Th e Endeavours of Practice

What are the practice’s activities and aspirations and how do they combine to create the essence of the practice? 34 4. TheEndeavours ofPractice activities could be classifi these that thus and reasons, strategic and altruistic for both activities these in During the research process, we realised publications. and exhibitions that seminars, and workshops the practice consciouslyvisions, briefi engages Th initiatives and visions Strategic A. entail they what investigated we categories practice. for the these carry of they importance what and nature exact the determine To projects Built C. B. Competitions initiatives and visions Strategic A. of activity: streams into three organized clearly work is our that Th Symposium research 3, Practice Map (Practice Map Practice of the use through established wehave Architects, of McAdam case the In practice of components partners. its where and practice of that workings everyday instances on and ambition, strategy the predicated with accordance in separate are and entwine interlock, endeavours practice’s Each practice. architectural ‘endeavours’ in as matters tothese refer We generally can and circumstances. Each has specifi specifi own its of way working, own its has practice architectural Every practice. by the gained satisfaction and aspirations the to relation in and another, one to relation in activities and works of our position of the examination adetailed It was process. Th diagrams. Th of the practice? and how dothey combine to create the essence What are the practice’s activities andaspirations is activity stream covers the practice’s strategic involvement in urban planning planning involvement urban in strategic practice’s the covers stream activity is is is the second in a series of essays that analyses the practice’s work through e Endeavours of Practice was the undertaking of an introspective introspective of an undertaking the was of Practice eEndeavours ng documents, development strategies, teaching and consultations, consultations, and teaching development strategies, documents, ng ed as one other. or the as ed c aims, objectives and aspirations for the future. future. for the aspirations and objectives c aims, ree, Ghent April 2012), Ghent ree, April c drivers drivers c Most of these activities have been in or related to Russia, but this is not exclusive. not is this but Russia, to related or in been have activities these of Most stepping stone to interesting procuring commissions. Th a as used be possibly and circles, profession the in position our a move toadvance base, knowledge tobroaden our apossibility behaviour, professional and on social At the same time involve: they can opportunity an to have a degree of infl Th settings. public in of ideas exchange and dialogue open profession, architectural to the knowledge, assistance with educational programs, initiation of events benefiTh e motivation behind these activities can involve: the simple passing on of ese drivers are altruistic. are drivers ese ese gains are more strategic. are gains ese uence uence cial cial Research Symposium Three, Ghent, April 2012. April Ghent, Three, Symposium Research 4. TheEndeavours ofPractice McAdam Architects, diagram showing three three showing diagram Architects, McAdam defined areas of practice activity ofpractice areas defined Strategic visions and initiatives and visions Strategic Competitions Built projects . Practice Practice

35 36 Research Symposium Three, Ghent, April 2012.. April Ghent, Three, Symposium Research McAdam Architects, of three streams of practice activity. Practice Practice activity. ofpractice streams of three 4. TheEndeavours ofPractice

diagram illustrating works works illustrating diagram in this dissertation. this in mentioned are projects built of Most these suspended. was construction which store for incomplete department an and achurch, pavilions, pool houses, private Th realized. been have projects these cases most In practice. bythe design, todetail inception from entirety, in designed are which Th projects Built C. ‘Th 12, Chapter in described openoccasional competitions. Th Th design. or schematic conceptual than further not have developed which projects Th B. Competitions e third activity stream is the most conventional in that it encompasses buildings buildings encompasses it that in conventional most the is stream activity third e ey comprise commissions for feasibility studies, design concepts, invited and and invited concepts, design studies, for feasibility commissions comprise ey of unrealized range diverse and avast encompasses stream activity esecond Competitions e Art of Elasticity’. eArt Strategic visionsand ey cover a diverse range of project types, as as of types, project range adiverse cover ey initiatives ey have included offi included have ey Built projects ce buildings, built projects stream, a built project may become catalyst for an initiative, and so on. on. so and initiative, for an catalyst become may project abuilt stream, projects built move intothe may acompetition stream, competition move intothe suddenly may initiative An practice. of the dynamic the in apparent suddenly is intensity a new tocross, begin streams But the when nature. in static often but are endurance and Th resonance. of particular not worthy object architectural an as realized be and brief toarigid restricted be will project A built competition will be confi A or seminars. of exhibitions aseries being than further not progress will initiative In many endeavours instances, remain within a specifi practice. our tounderstand diagrams touse continued we have Map, Practice the through practice of the analysis inductive the on from Following ofEndeavours Diagram The e activities held within a specifi Line ofResistance Circle ofEnjoyment opttosBuiltprojects Competitions Endeavours ned to a minor publication, plan chest and model store. model and chest plan publication, toaminor ned c stream may contain elements of both enjoyment of elements both contain may c stream Strategic visionand initiatives Endeavours

c stream. For example, an an For example, c stream. Endeavours Joy (FuturePractice) the three rings of practice activity. These rings rings These activity. ofpractice rings three the around a core of Joy in architectural practice. architectural in ofJoy acore around Three, Ghent April 2012. This diagram shows shows diagram This 2012. April Ghent Three, Endeavours. 4. TheEndeavours ofPractice overlapping to create a Circle of Enjoyment ofEnjoyment aCircle tocreate overlapping McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam Practice Research Symposium The Diagram of of Diagram The

37 38 Symposium Five, Ghent April 2013. This diagram diagram This 2013. April Ghent Five, Symposium Endeavours & Resistance. &Resistance. Endeavours distorted, and concentric rings added to show toshow added rings concentric and distorted, lines of resistance in practice – Enjoyment, –Enjoyment, practice in ofresistance lines shows the three rings of practice activity activity ofpractice rings three the shows Tolerance, Trials and Tribulations, and McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam 4. TheEndeavours ofPractice Practice Research Research Practice The Diagram of of Diagram The Humiliations. Th in the overlapping of two rings, where streams of crossed. work have streams where rings, of two overlapping the in of some Enjoyment, Circle the within well positioned are works or these four All Laboratory. Architectural Regional the and Competition Nagatino Th diagram. the projects or activitiesTo which further we consider understand as enjoyable, our and work positioned in this of Humiliation. aprohibited area extreme, the in and them context into we Tribulations, and Trials are have line over this Further place. takes practice selectedeveryday four recentof Enjoyment. Beyond this area Circle the within is fall a practice resistant of elements architectural Unfortunately, not all Line of Tolerance, where much of overlap. rings three the where centre, very (Joy)the Enjoyment at Fulfi and Architectural lled diagram of the area central the of Enjoyment aCircle occupying (rings) with streams activity overlapping of three e Diagram of Endeavours focuses on this specifi on this focuses of Endeavours eDiagram ese are: the Central House of Artists, Caesarea pool pavilion, the the pavilion, pool Caesarea of House Artists, Central the are: ese c state of intensity. It is made up up made is It intensity. of state c positioned in the area of Joy where where ofJoy area the in positioned Central House of Artists of House Central Caesarea Pool Pavilion positioned within the Circle of Circle the within positioned Nagatino Competition Competition Nagatino positioned within the Circle Circle the within positioned Competions and Strategic Strategic and Competions Circle of Enjoyment in the the in of Enjoyment Circle 4. TheEndeavours ofPractice Regional Architectural Architectural Regional Strategic Initiatives ring. Initiatives Strategic Diagram of Endeavours. of Enjoyment where the the where of Enjoyment Initiatives rings overlap. rings Initiatives the three rings overlap, rings three the Enjoyment in the Built the in Enjoyment positioned within the within positioned at the centre ofthe centre at the Laboratory Projects ring. Projects 2012, 2012, 2013, 2011, 2011, 2013, 2013,

39 40 High-level view of the ofthe view High-level showing its position on the Moskva River. Moskva the on position its showing 4. TheEndeavours ofPractice C entral House of Artists of House entral

Th time. in moments atdiff rings three of the each in existed fact in has aproject which Artists, Th of Endeavours. Diagram the in position central the identifi wehave consideration careful After ofArtists House Central The minor re-planning works, the design of new gallery spaces and the main foyer. main the and spaces gallery of new design the works, re-planning minor Rather than losing momentum, the practice was then appointed to assist with decision-making. of positive purpose for the involved parties many weretoo there as not tofruition but come did Schvydkoy, Mikhail of Culture, Minister Russian bythe well-received and were presented Proposals underground. and parapets existing the within provided tobe was space exhibition Additional riverbank. on the piazza and entrance anew with space, standing L-shaped structure,film. Th carefully of contemporary museum anew and spaces exhibition additional toinclude project, engineered into arefurbishment for such proposals toprepare commissioned was practice the a 2003, In redundant courtyard building. of the upgrade and refurbishment future the discussed whom weregularly Director, Vasily Bychkov General the with acquainted closely we became Moscow Arch time this During event. exhibition for this committee organizing of the members became architecture annual the at exhibited Th 1979. in opened was Nikolai Sukoyan Nikolai by 1979, designed in completed It 1980 was forwas the time Games. Olympic in and River Moskva of the bank on positioned the is hall exhibition 60,000sqm e Central House of Artists is an outstanding example of Soviet Brutalism of Soviet example outstanding an is of Artists House eCentral e practice has been associated with this building since the 1990s. we the First since building this with associated been has epractice e scheme for this was very simple – the museum element was to be afree- tobe element was museum simple –the very was for this escheme 2 , an architect at the state design institute, MosProject 2, and and 2, MosProject institute, design state atthe architect , an ed one project which could occupy occupy could oneed project which is is the Central House of House Central the is is 3 , and subsequently subsequently , and 4 , with , with erent 1 . Th e Chamber on Preservation and Development of Social Culture. ofSocial Development and Preservation on Chamber Public ofthe Chairman ofArtists. House Central ofthe Director General 4 Vasily Bychkov: architectural matters. current discuss and toexhibit practices architectural private for forum main the is It ofArtists. House Central atthe held exhibition architecture annual an is 3 Arch-Moscow 1970s. and 1960s during Mosproject-2 institute design atstate architect (1914–2009): Sukoyan 2 Nikolai buildings. administration and public for style state the as encouraged particularly was It 1980s. early tothe 1960s the from Union Soviet the in flourished which movement architecture Brutalist the Brutalism: 1 Soviet visualisation, showing new L-shaped volume and L-shaped and new volume showing visualisation, McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam Architects, McAdam 4. TheEndeavours ofPractice axonometric sketch for public circulation public for sketch axonometric main entrance on riverbank, 2003. riverbank, on entrance main Central House of Artists of House Central Artists of House Central and access, 2003. access, and

41 42 Excerpt from article in in article from Excerpt visualisation of the ofthe visualisation Excerpt from article in in article from Excerpt 4. TheEndeavours ofPractice (on-line supplement by Rossiyskaya byRossiyskaya supplement (on-line Gazeta) about Mayor Luzhkov, Mayor with about Gazeta) by Rory Olcayto, 11 April 2008. 11 April Olcayto, by Rory ‘Orange’ Foster, 11 Oct 2010. 11 Oct Foster, Building Design The Telegraph Telegraph The by Norman byNorman by the wife of Mayor Luzhkov wife by the for owned demolition. Adevelopment company targeted suddenly was of Artists Th Putin in 2008. Th 2008. in Putin it –signed-off todemolish approval lobbied for political successfully fi high-level many that Knowing centre. city the including Vasily Bychkov, David Sarkisyan colleagues, and of agroup architects out with weset Togallery. threat, the counter a as for use its well-suited was building the and Brutalism of Soviet examples best Th ‘Th as development known use Government and the fi the and Government Eventually the demolition order was revoked byPresident Medvedev revoked demolition order was the Eventually on location. installations and of actions anumber including building, the tosave support wide was there and objected, –actively architects and writers –artists, Intelligensia the occasion Onthis community. architectural the through Th heritage.” oflocal consideration saying: quoted was such Asse Eugene as Norman article, Foster same the In consider and go themselves should Foster free protecting. of obligation needs absolutely one.” this replace to abuilding when and He bedesigning shouldn’t it. at alook have it Moscow in comes to building the best the “It’s quoted: bluntly was Olcay, McAdam James byRory report Design aBuilding In replacement. for demolition its and proposals any todenounce and building and landscape architect Martha Schwartz Martha architect landscape and development strategy, in collaboration with economic advisers Happold Consulting Happold advisers economic with collaboration in development strategy, Arts’. Th for Contemporary Centre ‘National Th public amenities. and galleries cinemas, art spaces, development exhibition of new Th building. of the expansion and refurbishment for the proposals toprepare commissioned 2011,In again was practice the Moscow. in heritage of architectural protection the Th normal. as again continued of Artists Th not legally-founded. was decision previous the that e battle which ensued was lengthy and complicated, with much debate spreading much debatespreading with complicated, and lengthy was ensued which ebattle e next episode of involvement was of adiff of involvement episode was enext e plan was to upgrade the Central House of Artists and its surroundings as the the as surroundings its and of Artists House Central the to upgrade was eplan e architectural and arts communities were up in arms. Th arms. wereupin communities arts and earchitectural ey proposed to replace it with a Norman Foster-designed, mixed- Foster-designed, aNorman it with toreplace proposed ey nancial backing of a wealthy private individual. private of awealthy backing nancial e Orange’. 5 , had seen the real-estate potential of a large site in of alarge potential real-estate the seen , had is episode was seen as a turning point in point in aturning as seen was episode is 10 . Th e concept had the support of Federal of Federal support the had econcept e scheme for this was prepared as a as prepared was for this escheme 6 erent nature, as the Central House House Central the as erent nature, and Eugene Asse gures detested the building, they they building, the detested gures is time it involved a complex “It’s totally wrong. Starchitects Starchitects wrong. “It’s totally e life of the Central House House Central of the elife is was one of the was is 7 , to protect this this , toprotect by President byPresident 8 , on the basis basis , on the 9

stakeholders – Th Th in other creative professions. endeavours couldbe benefi practice examine to approach orsimilar adiagram such that We believe time. in moment aparticular at phase development practice the understand to us enabling years, orthree two every approximately shift rings activity the in intensities where onacycle, run endeavours our that ofEndeavours Diagram the through noticed We also have practice. ofthe future the to value its consider therefore and activity, project/practice particular ofeach status and position the assess to able been wehave ofEndeavours Diagram the Using Th spaces. support associated foyer and main of the design and re-planning the appointed toundertake again was 2013,In practice the implemented by our colleagues Oleg Shapiro Oleg colleagues implemented byour and 2011 and detailed 2003 the wererecently both in concepts, featured had which riverbank, on the landscaping and areas for recreational proposals note, the Onapositive on forward. away agreement toreach –wereunable Government City e problems encounted were a repeat of the previous scheme, where the three three the where scheme, previous of the werearepeat eproblems encounted of McAdam and Kalinina. and of McAdam Colleagues Moscow. Design, ofWowhaus Directors Likin: Dmitri and Shapiro 12 Oleg Russian Art. ofContemporary collection permanent holding gallery state Tretyakov11 State Gallery: artist. /landscape architect landscape American well-known Schwartz: Martha 10 Happold engineering group. ofBuro part Strategies, Economic for consultant London-based Consulting: 9 Happold 2008-2012. between ofRussia President Medvedev: 8 Dmitriy School. Architectural of Moscow Rector and critic architectural known best Russia’s Asse: 7 Eugene scene. architectural Russian the on figures significant most ofthe One ofArchitecture, Museum State Russian ofthe director –2009): (1956 Sarkisyan 6 David Constructivism. of examples some including demolished, indiscriminately were buildings of historical off his During 1992–2010. from number large 5 Yuri a ofMoscow ice Luzhkov: Mayor e Central House of Artists, Th of Artists, House eCentral cially applied to other architectural practices and and practices architectural other to applied cially

e Tretyakov Gallery eTretyakov and Dmitri Likin Dmitri and is work is presently ongoing. presently work is is 12 . 11 and Moscow 4. TheEndeavours ofPractice the National Centre for Contemporary for Centre National the McAdam Architects, The Practice Cycle Practice The Architects, McAdam McAdam Architects, visualisation, Practice Symposium Four, Symposium Practice Arts Ghent, November 2012. from riverbank, 2011. riverbank, from

43 44 4. TheEndeavours ofPractice McAdam Architects, visualisation, Contemporary Arts, Contemporary Arts, landscaping proposals by proposals landscaping The National Centre for for Centre National The the National Centre for Centre National the Martha Schwartz, 2011 Schwartz, Martha

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PUBLIC quiet to G the approaches engaged? what are the drivers behind seminal key projects and What are the practice’s House andUnivermag 5. Trubnaya, Larch

45 46 April 2012. Trubnaya, Larch House, Univermag. Univermag. Trubnaya, House, Larch 2012. April McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam Practice Research Symposium Three, Ghent, Ghent, Three, Symposium Research Practice 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag 3D Model from initial design stages. design initial from Model 3D model from initial design stages. Univermag Department Store Department Univermag Trubnaya Off Trubnaya photo during construction. during photo Key projects identified. identified. Key projects The Larch House Larch The ice Building , , , Th we aspire. projects represent the level of professional and architectural satisfaction Th ambitions. and methods to which practice to our fundamental are wereand which projects key three isolated wehave of Endeavours, Diagram and Map Practice Th the approaches engaged? projects andwhat are the drivers behind What are the practice’s seminal key their development? infl space mental the how has and designs the behind drivers the are What aspirations? ofpractice terms in successful projects these are Why questions: central two through them weexamined projects, key three these chosen Having creation. their in involved space mental the atwork and drivers design the tounderstand attempt an in detail in buildings three these studied todiff were subject diff completely are they in the period when practice activities were concentrated in Russia. Interestingly, Th (2004) Store Department Univermag C. B. Th A. Trubnaya Offi Th Families. Happy 8, Chapter in We this describe characteristics. similar tohave them shown components has of architectural astudy where matrix, Th of Endeavours. e projects are all in Moscow. in Th all are eprojects ese three key projects have been identifi been have projects key three ese e key projects are: projects ekey rough a combination of sub-conscious recognition, implementation of the of the implementation recognition, of sub-conscious acombination rough e Larch House (2006) House eLarch ce Building (1999) ce Building eir selection has also been reinforced through an analytical analytical an through reinforced been also has selection eir erent design parameters and external infl external and parameters erent design erent in function, type, materials and appearance, and and appearance, and materials type, erent function, in ey were built or designed between 1997 and 2006, 2006, and 1997 between designed or built were ey ed at points of overlap on the Diagram Diagram the on overlap of points at ed Weuences. have uenced uenced ese 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Trubnaya, Larch House and Univermag Univermag and Trubnaya, House Larch matrix. components (as described in Chapter Chapter in (as described components Symposium Three, Ghent, April 2012. 2012. April Ghent, Three, Symposium identified on project relationship This diagram shows the position of position the shows diagram This McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam Two, Ghent, November 2011. This This 2011. Two, November Ghent, projects, as using the same high high same the using as projects, diagram identifies the three key three the identifies diagram number of similar architectural architectural ofsimilar number Practice Research Symposium in the Diagram ofEndeavours. Diagram the in identified. 9, Belonging to the Emperor). tothe Belonging 9, Practice Research Research Practice Key projects Key projects Key projects Key projects

47 48 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Th quarters with the occasional – servants’ buildings low-rise 19th centrury weremainly Moscow. Its surroundings element of Soviet Brutalismsite was positioned Th industry. gas Russia’s and in oil involved rented toWesternbe corporations on the corner of two backstreets in a hilly part of central Th A. Trubnaya Off Without doubt, the building contains references to Constructivist architecture toConstructivist references contains Without building doubt, the of Moscow. centre hold took the in architecture contemporary Th permission. planning for the authorities city the – AB ‘Ostozhenka’ – AB practice local established an weinvited design, concept initial of the approval After eff spiral accelerating an in façade green of the bulk the across werestaggered windows strip and glazing, of horizontal strip byacontinuous wereseparated building the ‘stern’ Th ‘rudder’ end. higher tower atthe standalone lower front and end, atthe ‘bow’ cylindrical with stone plinth on ablack raised Th challenge! aserious was this nineties late the in Russia In materials. available and methods building local using realizable tobe but had nature, in contemporary and functional tobe was architecture. defi have traits –Constructivist time atthe available materials building and process design the location, of the nature contextual of the –more aconsequence intent architect of the stylistic initial not the was this Whilst e brief was for a standard, corporate offi corporate for astandard, was ebrief eTrubnaya Offi e eight-storey building was designed as a green-rendered, boat-like object, object, boat-like agreen-rendered, as designed was building eeight-storey e project was approved just months before Mayor Lushkov’s repression of Mayor Lushkov’s repression before approved months just eproject was (opposite) View from Ulitsa Trubnaya showing Ulitsa (opposite) from View cylindrical façade. Photo by Yuri Palmin, 1999. byYuri Photo Palmin, façade. cylindrical ect around the cylinder. the around ect accelerating spiral of windows around around ofwindows spiral accelerating renowned and its eff ects on later developments in architecture have been marked. marked. been have effarchitecture its in and renowned developments later on ects internationally are movement ofthis works Many 1930s. early and 1920s the in Union Soviet the in flourished which of modernism aform was architecture Constructivist 2. 1990s. the during Moscow in architecture contemporary topromote movement ofthe part were They 1992. in Skokan byAlexander founded practice private Moscow-based asuccessful, was Ostozhenka Bureau 1 Architectural ce Building was commissioned to Alsop Architects in 1997. 1 – to work with us on design development and submission to to submission and development design on us with work to – ice Building, 1999 ce building of 9000sqm, which would would which of 9000sqm, building ce nitely informed the resultant e upper and lower parts of lower parts and eupper

nearby. Th e building e 2 . 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Moscow Textile Institute Moscow Krivoarbatsky Lane, Moscow. Moscow. Lane, Krivoarbatsky Novinsky Boulevard, Moscow. Boulevard, Novinsky Konstantin Melnikov, 1927-29. Moisei Ginzburg, 1928-32. Ginzburg, Moisei Narkomfin Building Melnikov House , 1938.

49 50 and corner glazing. Photo by Yuri Palmin, 1999. by Yuri Photo Palmin, glazing. corner and Pereulok showing stand-alone ‘rudder’ tower tower ‘rudder’ stand-alone showing Pereulok (opposite) View from Bolshoy Sergeevsky Bolshoy Prima Donna By Elaine Knutt, World Architecture July/August, 1999. July/August, Architecture World ground level café / dining room, 2000, room, /dining café level ground 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Trubnaya site site Trubnaya Trubnaya Off Trubnaya Boulvar Ring. Photo byYuri Photo Palmin. Ring. Boulvar Trubnaya Off Trubnaya ice Building Photo byYuriPhoto Palmin. prior to construction, toconstruction, prior Moscow, 1995. Moscow, ice Building from the the from had successfully realised acontemporary realised successfully had We toideal. close was project this time atthe aspirations, of practice terms In fi the wereawarded architects the 1999, in Exhibition and Architecture Annual Year of atthe the Building voted It was revolution. Trubnaya Russian areal is cornices, and towers bays, contextual executed, neatly modernist a offi as elsewhere seen be to seem would what to proportion of out seem Th city. inthe inmodernism interest ofanew start the mark it could Trubnaya is very much of the city it belongs to. McAdam and Kalininawho wrote: hope that Th it!’ Well forrefurbishing done When exhibited at Arch Moscow Arch at exhibited When this my building childhood from methods and materials. and methods building local utilising whilst surroundings, and context toits reference clear eTrubnaya Offi 3 other than the neo-classical, neo-vernacular was described suing this generalisation. this suing described was neo-vernacular neo-classical, the than other

Contemporary: this term is used in the specific context of Moscow, where anything anything where of Moscow, context specific the in used is term this Contemporary: ce block. But in the middle of Moscow’s architectural politics and its its and politics ofMoscow’s architectural middle inthe But ce block. ce Building featured in (1930s). (1930s). rst prize by the Russian Academy of Architecture. Academy Russian bythe prize rst

in 1999, in ‘ commented: elderlyvisitor an Th 3 ey don’t ey build them like that anymore. building in central Moscow, making Moscow, making central in building World Architecture World by Elaine Knutt, ey pride may may pride ey I remember I remember 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag

51 52 Trubnaya Off Trubnaya 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Trubnaya Off Trubnaya ice Building (Alsop Architects) Ground Floor Plans Floor Ground of main foyer, 1997.of main ice Building visualisation visualisation Typical and STORE PARKING OFFICE FOYER RETAIL 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag and West Elevations West and

North, East

53 54 Larch House Larch 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag model from initial design stage. (McAdam Architects). 3D 3D Architects). (McAdam Th TheB. Larch House,2006 opened in summer. summer. in opened be could and werefully-glazed elevations courtyard south-orientated internal whilst façades, exterior wind’ tothe ‘back on the used was fenestration Minimal space. acentral around volume wrapping closed with plan, aU-shaped out as Th materials. and methods building of local parameters the within we stay that crucial it was Again, home living. for modern a providing whilst traditions and culture tolocal allude would design Our house. Russian for anew –towork approach on atypology out acontradictory we set satisfi Not French on the Riviera. and Switzerland in seen had they of those reminiscent adventurous clients were becoming cautiously interested in building houses few Aselect Western in Europe. well-travelled already was and growing, was population Moscow’s wealthy new time, the At Prospectors. the Working with Th Moscow. of north-west Th farm. collective Th family. Russian for awealthy Th time. at the completion reaching was which settlement, Sloboda Nikolskaya tothe a sequel e story behind this commission is outlined in Chapter 6 of Kalinina’s dissertation, dissertation, Kalinina’s of 6 Chapter in outlined is commission this behind story e e Larch e resultant design makes reference to the traditional Russian farmhouse, set set farmhouse, Russian traditional tothe reference makes design eresultant e site for this was a modest plot, in bog land, which had been part of a part been had which land, plot, bog in amodest was esite for this the harsh climate. harsh the against durability and strength its for noted was and Russia, throughout dwellings of construction for used traditionally was which aconifer is Larch 4 Siberian ed with the idea of simply importing such contemporary architecture, architecture, contemporary such importing simply of idea the with ed 4 House e brief was for a large private house with internal swimming pool pool swimming internal with house private for alarge was ebrief e site was now designated for suburban development to the development tothe for suburban now designated esite was

was commissioned to McAdam Architects in 2004. It was as as It was 2004. in Architects toMcAdam commissioned was 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag wind” and opening façades to summer courtyard. tosummer façades opening and wind” space, minimal fenestration to exterior “Back to “Back toexterior fenestration minimal space, Moscow Region (McAdam Architects). South- Architects). (McAdam Region Moscow facing courtyard and opening glazed façades. façades. glazed opening and courtyard facing with closed volume wrapping around central central around wrapping volume closed with Traditional Russian farmhouse Russian Traditional Photo byTanya 2006. Photo Kalinina,

Larch House Larch

55 56 behind the red canopies over glased areas of the ofthe areas glased over canopies red the behind village architecture village window treatment. This was the inspiration inspiration the was This treatment. window 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Larch House Larch 3D view of summer courtyard from from courtyard ofsummer view 3D , showing brightly coloured coloured brightly , showing (McAdam Architects). (McAdam Traditional Russian Russian Traditional initial design stage. Larch House. building methods and materials. and methods building local utilising again and living for modern required standards the maintaining whilst farmhouse, Russian traditional of the principles and ideas on some of the based Region, Moscow in house acontemporary realised We successfully had toideal. close too, was project, this time atthe aspirations of practice terms In immediately then He building. the of practice. tothe project completion on similar another commissioned themselves in moved family Th country. the transforming currently is that frenzy construction Such projects homes. as comfortable and conscious environmentally this contemporary provide to adapted are essential be can heritage Russia’s how architectural demonstrated have if Kalinina and McAdam Russia’s traditions are to be preserved in publication the the Th environment. snow-covered the in feeling acontemporary give porch, entrance an and canopies red protruding Th building. of form sloping the gently Th planks. Th e developer who commissioned the Larch House liked it so much that he and his his he and it that much so liked House Larch the commissioned who edeveloper e Larch House was vaunted as Russia’s fi as vaunted was House eLarch e house is clad in a traditional Russian building material: Siberian Larch Larch Siberian material: building Russian atraditional in clad is ehouse ese are stained light grey and set in horizontal arrangement across the the across arrangement horizontal in set and grey light stained are ese Sustainable Home Home Sustainable by Cathy Strongman, who wrote: who Strongman, by Cathy is, together with occasional accents of rst sustainable home. It featured in in home. It featured sustainable rst 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag (McAdam Architects). Photo showing west “back “back west showing Photo Architects). (McAdam to wind” façade with minimal fenestration. Photo Photo fenestration. minimal with façade to wind” by Project Russia, 2006. Russia, by Project

Larch House Larch

57 58 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Ground floor plan floor Ground First floor plan floor First 5 4 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag South elevation South West elevation West Section through entrance hall entrance through Section showing living room and bedroom wing. bedroom and room living showing showing glazed courtyard area . area courtyard glazed showing showing “back to wind” façade façade towind” “back showing with minimal fenestration. fenestration. minimal with and courtyard courtyard and

59 60 Larch House House Larch “back to wind” façade with minimal fenestration. fenestration. minimal with façade towind” “back 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag (McAdam Architects). View of west of west View Architects). (McAdam Photo by Photo Wallpaper , 2006. 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag View of north-west façade and red brick main entrance arch and porch. porch. and arch entrance main brick red and Photo by Richard Bonneville. byRichard Photo (exposed corner) (exposed

61 62 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Study, looking towards entrance . entrance towards looking window to courtyard. Main entrance hall, entrance Main 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Swimming pool interior showing glazed Living room and raised dining area dining raised and room Living View to roof terrace, terrace, toroof View Main staircase, Photo Photo elevation tocourtyard elevation Photos by Photos

by Project Russia. by Project by Project Russia. by Project from entrance. floor study. Wallpaper. from first

63 64 Narkomzem, Agriculture, Prospekt Sakharova, Moscow. 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Le Corbusier and Nikolai Kolli, 1933. Kolli, Nikolai and Le Corbusier The Peoples Commissariat for for Commissariat Peoples The Ulitsa Myasnitskaya, Moscow. Ulitsa Tsentrosoyuz Building, Tsentrosoyuz Aleksey Shchusev, 1933. Shchusev, Aleksey signifi fl for anew proposals design toprepare developer byaFrench retail asked was practice the time this During juries on sit talks, give to shows. TV in toparticipate invited even and committees, were We organization and authorities. city the of approach the to opposed those particular, –in circle of Russia’s attentions architectural approving Following the success of the Trubnaya of the Offi success the Following C. Univermag Department Store, 2004 and the Gosplan Computing Centre (Pavlov). Centre Computing Th Gosplan the and Tsentrosoyus (Le Corbusier), Th 19C of edifi well-known wereanumber surroundings immediate its In Sakarova. Prospekt and Ring, Garden the of Moscow’s ring-road, inner Th imposition. and of scale terms in planning urban of Soviet It representative wide. 16 is point is lanes atthis Ring Garden the and architecture, visits to Paris and the set-up of a small satellite offi satellite set-up the of asmall and toParis visits Th building. Tsentrosoyuz ofthe ‘pilotis’ ofcompletion process inthe suppressed ofthe reminds columns, structural the surrounds fl ground buried the that over hanging is veil, glass its and oor Kol’tso Sadovoye the Th According to According Tsentrosoyus. element roof of on the the asimilar echoing From top fl the passer-by. atthe shimmer would which patterns metallic random and displays, Th store shoppers. of department hundreds and of cars thousands between interaction intense creating space circulation and escalators open with x35m 40 window, ahuge be would glazed, completely display there ground fl atransparent above box raised 100 closed asix-storey tobe x40m project was the of volume main the stores, department modern-day most with As neighbours. lauded its with, conversations and from, elements of similar use subtle be would e department store is a simple but elegant building: a box opening up towards up towards opening abox building: elegant but asimple is store edepartment e blank box façades were to be pixilated with a regular sequence of shop window of shop window sequence aregular with pixilated weretobe box façades eblank e design of the building was to emulate the scale and force of the location. Th location. of the force and scale the toemulate was building of the edesign e department store was designed in a frantic 12-month period, with regular regular 12-month with period, afrantic in designed store was edepartment cant architectural location in central Moscow. Th central in location architectural cant oor shop smelling of perfume. But the main façade on the Garden Ring Ring Garden on the façade main But the of perfume. oor shop smelling Project Russia Project oor of the building would protrude a panoramic café in converse, converse, in café apanoramic protrude would building oor of the in their issue ‘Aliens’ 4/2004 , featuring Univermag: ,featuring ‘Aliens’ issue 4/2004 their in agship department store. It was to be built in a most most a in built be to was It store. department agship e Peoples Commissariat for Agriculture (Shusev), for Agriculture ePeoples Commissariat ce Building, the practice gained the the gained practice the Building, ce e location is dominated by public bypublic dominated is elocation ce in London. in ce e site is at the junction junction esite atthe is ces, not least least not ces, ere ere 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Architects) Location plan showing position of Univermag ofUnivermag position showing plan Location in relation to Narcomzem, Tsentrosoyus and and Tsentrosoyus toNarcomzem, relation in Univermag Department Store Store Department Univermag

visualisation from the Garden Ring . Ring Garden the from visualisation Gosplan buildings.Gosplan (McAdam (McAdam

65 66 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Style Moscow the in city the todevelop ordered byMayor Luzhkov been had and Th authorities. planning conservative bythe watched being also site was the time, same But atthe Ministry. Agriculture Shchusev’s and Tsentrosoyuz Corbusier’s ofLe complexes famous the between site goon to about store department new amajor has of Will Alsop’s operation, Moscow little Anglo-Russian offi store: department Univermag the including buildings, Modernist of new examples rare afew She embraces (2000–2004). period that of architecture Moscow in developments appearance) in questionable often (and thoughtful but not always of energetic, overview adetailed gives Cooke Catherine In her article ‘View from Moscow’ in the in Moscow’ from ‘View her article In Moscow. in architecture for contemporary breakthrough Th Th authorities. city bythe weresuspended works point building which after million, of $12 atacost 2004 in wereconstructed parking of underground storeys Four form. ‘uncensored’ and unobscured, pristine, intheir projects these see to achance have shall we in which way only the is this PROJECT RUSSIA: Th architects. foreign of their participation the without berealized will buildings developers, are clients the where too, cases inother for that plausible itseems then interior, the and façade the design to design Perrault’s there only is architect the that –states building forthe Dominique client –the ofCulture of Ministry realization the ofthe representative the If hope. even much leave not do House Opera Mariinsky the concerning Petersburg St in events Recent beseen. to remains form, inwhat and happen, ever will this ornot whether And architects fi no simply are there so realized, to bepublished. been yet buildings nished foreign with dealing have architects foreign by works ofthe none alternative: no was there issue, Besides, projects. this with only is it that exclusively confi felt we featuring issue that an to produce in Russia, ability our in dent coincidence no therefore is It it: behind reasons the explained Editor-in-Chief Goldhoorn, Bart issue tothe foreword Moscow.in his In work architects of foreign ‘Aliens’ tothe entitled (Chuzhie), issue dedicated special Russia Project is in itself gives additional value to the publication of projects in this issue of issue inthis ofprojects publication the to value additional gives initself is e site remains empty. esite remains e project was watched carefully by the international press – as a potential apotential –as press international bythe carefully watched was eproject 5 – a form of vernacular neo-classicism. neo-classicism. of– aform vernacular materials. The style was imposed in the centre of Moscow from around 1996. around from ofMoscow centre the in imposed was style The materials. ofvarying buildings multi-coloured in arches and domes turrets, towers, incorporated which neo-vernacularism or aneo-classicism aform was Style Moscow 5 The ey had by now regained control on the city’s architectural program program city’s control on the architectural bynow regained had ey decided to include the Univermag Department Store to their 2004 2004 Store totheir Department Univermag the toinclude decided ce of James McAdam and Tanya Kalinina, former directors directors former Tanya and McAdam Kalinina, ceofJames Architectural Review Architectural In that spirit, the buoyant buoyant the In spirit, that of April 2003, 2003, April of the interests of the city authorities and the architectural establishment atlarge. establishment architectural the and authorities city of the interests the on development attracting amajor site aprominent location, in was Univermag with this project. Unlike the Trubnaya Offi diffi be could there that foreseen wehad realisation, its about optimistic wewere Moscow. in Whilst architecture for contemporary and practice, for the amajor breakthrough been have store could department Univermag the aproject, As ce Building and Th and Building ce sketch by James McAdam for initial initial for McAdam byJames sketch (McAdam Architects). Diagramatic Diagramatic Architects). (McAdam Univermag Department Store Department Univermag e Larch House, House, eLarch design stage. culties 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag metaphor for the Univermag project: maximum maximum project: Univermag the for metaphor Exposed retail display, on a street near Arsenal Arsenal near astreet on display, retail Exposed underground parking in minus 20 degrees. degrees. 20 minus in parking underground Univermag Department Store Store Department Univermag Football Club, London. This was used as a as used was This London. Club, Football Architects). Construction of four levels of levels offour Construction Architects). Photos by James McAdam. byJames Photos exposure of goods. (McAdam (McAdam

67 68 (McAdam Architects). Photo montage of building ofbuilding montage Photo Architects). (McAdam Univermag Department Store, Store, Department Univermag with protruding box café on Prospekt Sakharova Sakharova Prospekt on café box protruding with South-east elevation from across the Garden Ring, showing 35 x 40m x40m 35 showing Ring, Garden the across from & display window with exposed circulation. exposed with window display South-west elevation Univermag Department Store Store Department Univermag 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag (McAdam Architects) (McAdam window onto Garden Ring. Garden onto window showing pixelated façade façade pixelated showing showing display central Moscow Moscow central 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Sixth (top) floor plan floor (top) Sixth Ground floor plan floor Ground showing restaurant. showing shopping floor. showing open showing

69 70 5. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Why they do diff key attributes these do have?What common projects way of clarifying and developing a manifesto or set of rules from which to practice. to which from ofrules or set a manifesto developing and ofclarifying way auseful is projects ofkey study in-depth via dynamics those understanding that and confi are We formulae being applied. diff very are buildings Th principles. guiding our double as rules Th level. Th process. design the in of steps or specifi context alocation, where buildings, defi We are there conclude that sketches. initial totheir similar (or very projects) are buildings resultant the - Store were Department Univermag and House Larch for the sketches initial the involved. werecontinuously and process design of control the full had partners the - - for the designers lead and architects as completely empowered was practice the - projects: for these tonote that interesting It also is best. does practice Th Happy 8, Chapter in (as elements described of dynamic a range introduce subtly of materials. choice and methods building of local understanding an - display context. or architectural tocultural reference /considered sensitive - make or site. location toaparticular for suitability - strive - studied: buildings three of the All contextual. fact in are projects these components atwork of in Most the same practice?

is could be described as an in-built manifesto or set of rules operating at a subconscious atasubconscious operating of rules or set manifesto in-built an as described be could is ese three projects are considered among the partners to most clearly represent the the represent clearly tomost partners the among considered are projects three ese Black Spot). Black 10, Chapter in Th hotel (as described Paris aregularly-frequented in made process. whole design of the Families). rough the process of research and examination, these shared, subconscious subconscious shared, these examination, and of research process the rough dent that similar formulae are at work in many established practices practices established many at work in are formulae similar dent that er inappearance andstyle, whilst erent to one another, they are all related due to the common common due tothe related all erent are toone another, they nitive formulae at work in the specifi the in work at formulae nitive e result in our case is that whilst the realized realized the whilst that is case our in result e c parameters form the basis for a series for aseries basis the form c parameters they still appear to be from the the from be to appear still they c task of designing of designing c task e in its work? what enchainments are apparent Who are the practice mentors and Soldier, Spy Tinker,6. Tailor, 72 6. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy The Provocateur The Alison Smithson not only design buildings, but also infl but also buildings, design not only could –one who architect roleofaserious complex ofthe understanding A basic followed. rest the participation and Smithson’s the With support provoked it into reality! basically and idea the behind motivation the challenged she instance of 1992, which in seminar Imagination fi the She was on this. action toprovoke debateand was approach Her direct decisions. urban and architectural of quality poor critic aferocious was Alison society. role architect’s in the and ethos of architectural insight aclear him gave Diploma 1991. they in time that During his completing after months for six Peter Smithson and for worked Alison McAdam renown. (1928–1993) Smithson of international Alison architect aBritish was The Provocateur1. Smithson –Alison infl of their essence below, the with Th Th Provocateur; work. Wework. identifi have of infl combination apowerful contributed have specifi of critical number a to the development journey, of the this practice. We along believe that theseHowever, peripheral mentors infl have who employers, or tutors particular effi techniques and which skills learn they practice, established of an enable safety relative the in juniors, as them to practice to‘go them it alone’. allows Working which commission aprivate winning before with some degree years, for several colleagues work alongside of Young architects practices. confiestablished more other from arise partnerships Today, architectural of new majority the enchainments are apparent in its work? Who are the practice mentors andwhat practice since the age of 25. age the We bicycle! toreinvent since the had have practice architectural own their managed practically have Kalinina and McAdam Alsop, Peter Th and Smithson, Alison with of experience spells short afew from Aside forward. carried and learned are methods and systems where practice apprenticeship alengthy completed they nor have practice, architect’s another in of time period spent asubstantial ever has Neitherpartners of the unusual. rather are Kalinina and McAdam By contrast, course. e Ambassador; Th eAmbassador; ciency. Along their journey to practice they will often have mentors – normally mentors have –normally often will they topractice journey their ciency. Along that reinvention is key to the context of bicultural practice. ofbicultural key context is tothe reinvention that 1 Reinvent the Bicycle: Russian version of phrase ‘reinvent the wheel’. Also suggesting e Enthusiast; Th eEnthusiast; e Educator. Th eEducator. ed each player using epithets for their particular roles: Th roles: particular for their epithets using player each ed eo Crosby, and a long-distance relationship with Will Will with relationship Crosby, eo along-distance and rst serious fi serious rst e Advocator; Th eAdvocator; ese individuals and roles are briefl are roles and individuals ese uence highlighted in bold: in highlighted uence uence developments in society. in developments uence gure to take an interest in the Project uenced their development and future future development and their uenced e Entertainer; Th eEntertainer; uences and enchainments to the c ‘outside’ individuals have been been have c ‘outside’ individuals e Chess Player; Player; eChess 1 y described y described dence and and dence e Barbican Centre Barbican atthe interventions on she worked small-scale time this tostudy. UK During the Kalinina workedKalinina briefl Pentagram. of Th Crosby –Theo The Enthusiast 2. Smithsons, he was one fi of the he was Smithsons, Th designed. tobe small too was or no detail subject that was time point of this learning akey Institute, solutions at any scale, as well as high quality design results. design quality high as well as scale, at any solutions Retaining passion and enthusiasm for these insights is critical in achieving good of 1992. seminar Imagination Project eo Crosby (1925–1994) was an architect, editor and writer, and co-founder (1925–1994) Crosby writer, co-founder eo and and editor architect, an was housing. Chamberlin, Powell Chamberlin, housing. and Bon. adjacent with centre, arts performing multi-functional ofLondon: City Centre, 3 Barbican Kurlansky. Mervyn and Gill Bob Grange, Kenneth Forbes, Colin Fletcher, Crosby, Alan byTheo 1972, in London in founded company design amulti-disciplinary 2 Pentagram: 3 . In contrast to what she had learned at Moscow Architectural Architectural atMoscow learned she had towhat contrast . In y for Th eo was an enthusiast in this respect, and along with the eo at Pentagram rst supporters and confi 2 in 1991 when she fi she 1991 in when rmed participants of the rst arrived in in arrived rst Ghent, November 2012. This diagram shows the the shows diagram This 2012. November Ghent, practice in the centre with mentors as specific specific as mentors with centre the in practice Mentors. McAdam architects, 6. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy players influencing from the periphery. the from influencing players Practice Research Symposium Four, Symposium Research Practice Diagram of Peripheral Peripheral of Diagram The Enthusiast The Theo Crosby Crosby Theo

73 74 6. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy The Chess Player Chess The Valeriy Goloverov Goloverov Valeriy Catherine Cooke Cooke Catherine The Entertainer The The Advocator The Will Alsop Alsop Will for then Alsop and Stormer and Alsop for then offi upabranch set Kalinina and McAdam that he suggested this, Following 1992. in seminar Imagination Project atthe one participants of the was Will fl noted for a architect British practicing awell-known, is Alsop William Alsop –William The Entertainer 4. opportunity. atany promote it positively and support something, ofdoing or way idea to, aparticular dedicated are and in, believe you If support. her undivided received profession the in relations British/Russian involving activities Any practice. of the life early tothe feature acontinuous was advice and Catherine’s support contacts. and coverage press status, much needed event the involvement gave and Her drive Nick Bell. and Kalinina McAdam, with along co-organiser, and advisor an She became Seminar. Imagination Catherine appeared in the practice’s life during the initiation of the Project architecture. Modernist Catherine Cooke (1942–2004) was a specialist in Russian Avant-Garde Russian in aspecialist (1942–2004) Cooke was Catherine Cooke The Advocator –Catherine 3. series of sequential moves. You need a full understanding of the parameters and and parameters the of understanding full a need You atwork (and alot ofpatience). conditions moves. sequential of series acomplicated through achieved be can goal ambitious most the even chess, in As regular a on school the at taught Th and lectured 17, Chapter in (as for described tutors advised, asix-monthly program now run and basis, have Kalinina and McAdam tenyears past the Over (Krasnodar). University State Kuban within Architecture mentor to McAdam over inspirational an member, Goloverov became family immediate an the being Besides years, as he observed him establish the School of father. Tanya Kalinina’s also He is Russia. University, State Krasnodar, in Kuban at &Design of Architecture Faculty atthe of School Goloverov Head Valery is Player The Chess –Valery5. Goloverov ofpractice. development and establishment Th clarity. with also fl –with clients with how tocommunicate and ideas conceptual of how topresent terms in We Will much from interference. learned little with topractice Kalinina and McAdam encouraged and supportive extremely was ambouyant approach todesign. ambouyant e Rise of Kubanism). eRise e entertainment of clients and colleagues is a very useful asset in the the in asset useful avery is colleagues and ofclients eentertainment (Hamburg) from 1990–2000. Stormer Jan and (London) Alsop William between partnership architectural Stormer: and 5 Alsop 1930s. the and 1900 between architecture and art waveofmodern influencial Avant Garde: 4 Russian 5 in 1993, where they would remain until 2001. until Will 1993, in remain would they where amboyance but amboyance 4 and and ce practice, or at least encapsulate what we would like it be! to like wewould what encapsulate or atleast practice, ofthe ethos the encapsulate components these overall, that is conjecture Our error. and by trial culture. Th infl where partnership, bicultural of the Th practice. on the infl external main ofthe overview acomprehensive mentors gives peripheral ofinfl essence the combined, when We that believe donext. to what Th practicing. been one has what analyse refl back, step to it essential is practice ofintense years many After 2011. in University atRMIT Research Practice –Design Program PhD the joined Kalinina and McAdam of this progression anatural As intervals. monthly refl of acrucial beginning Th environments. professional and social creating role in Th Prospectors). the Working with 6, Chapter Kalinina’s in and Projects Mega the on 16, Chapter (as mentioned in Bring competition Masterplan Kommunarka for member the jury and advisor as Kalinina and McAdam joined Leon 2005, In University. atRMIT Research Practice –Design Chair Innovation of Architecture, Professor is Schaik van Leon 7. van Schaik –Leon The Educator ofapractice. development the in asset useful avery is matters important ofdefi A set scene. international on the converse can and known is who architects Russian one only is of the Eugene Russia. in of architects perception the and education of architectural course the Moscow, in change architecture topromote contemporary aim his in integrity profession, he steadfast showed architectural of for the reform 1998–2001. from protagonist Agreat Kalinina and McAdam with Architects, ASK partnership, apractice established Eugene Architectural School of Moscow Rector and critic Russia’s architectural is best-known Asse Eugene Asse –Eugene The Ambassador 6. is led to an ongoing conversation about Practice Research and the architect’s architect’s the and Research Practice about conversation ongoing toan led is linked to the Cass School of Architecture and Design at London Metropolitan University. Metropolitan atLondon Design and ofArchitecture School Cass to the linked Moscow, in ofarchitecture school private small, (MARSH): School Architectural 6 Moscow e mentors guide the accumulation of skills, and support learning learning support and ofskills, accumulation the ementors guide ned principles, discipline, and refusal to compromise on compromise to refusal and discipline, principles, ned ese infl 6 . uences compliment and contrast with the innate nature nature innate the with contrast and compliment uences ective process and took place in London at regular six- atregular London in place took and process ective is way can we begin to understand understand to webegin can way is uence is drawn from an exchange of exchange an from drawn is uence uence from each of these ofthese each from uence ese discussions were the were the discussions ese ect and and ect uences uences 6. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy The Ambassador Leon van Schaik Schaik van Leon The Educator Eugene Asse

75 7. Th e Accumulation of Skills

How did the practice develop professionally to become what it is today? 78 Ghent November 2012. This diagram shows the the shows diagram This 2012. November Ghent Practice’s first closed competition. Hand drawn drawn Hand competition. closed first Practice’s Lerman House Lerman McAdam Architects. four areas of learning professional practice. professional oflearning areas four Skills. Practice Research Symposium Four, Symposium Research Practice 7. TheAccumulation ofSkills perspective byTanya Kalinina. perspective .

Alsop Architects, 1993. The The 1993. Architects, Alsop The Accumulation of of Accumulation The a serious professional outfi professional a serious into grown has practice the as continued has process learning the years, the Over agenda. weekly for our structure the dictated elements four these subsequent years For many public activities. and management, business process, building the design, areas: into four process this better, wedivided any Not knowing abusiness. how torun and projects, deliver how tofi practice: professional ourselves wetaught years three nearly Over experementation. and byintuition of skills arange We learned rapidly one. day from masters look like us made Britain in of work experience months error. Th and bytrial –tolearn way only the was butdoing that were they what knew graduates None of these practices. private no established were there and system, political the in due tochanges disarray werein institutes design state –the of action course popular especially an was this architecture In businesses. own their starting peers, their with together and of universities, out werewalking graduates nation the across and era of anew beginning the Circumstances in Russia in 1993 end. deep atthe in ourselves We were threw practice. ideally eff in was what suited ran upand weset of age at25 So years internships. to this classifi be could of scenario. which most experience, practice of total months It was offi aMoscow to opening prior fact In own. our for except practice single one in time of period substantial Tailor, ‘Tinker, 6, Chapter in Soldier, Spy’, spent explained a never wehave As become what it istoday? How didthe practice develop professionally to 24 1993, in clocked barely Alsop wehad for Will ce t. It has become more detailed and focused as we have have we as focused and detailed more become has It t. nd work, how to e negligible 24 24 negligible e ed as studented as ect our own own our ect results and worthy completed buildings. completed worthy and results architectural satisfactory toachieve way only the was builders, with negotiations confi and skills todevelop meetings and site visits of experience, of hours thousands error. It and took trial exhaustive through process building We the about learned process The building dissertation. this in chapters all underpin methods and approach practice’s design the concerning Details process. ongoing an is learning Th challenges. design new in engagement constant the and practice through the basics at Architecture School (or even earlier) and they were then developed us of a note in Matthew Frederick’s booklet: Frederick’s booklet: of anote Matthew us in reminds always and challenge, but intense fascinating an is information of further Th delivery. project and communications, management, business even more specifi where level, toanother process learning this taken have base London the develop eff Recent territories. new and challenges, of work, new types new tackled on Intuitive Rationale Intuitive on confi very both weare which in skills are interiors and areas, urban buildings, Designing Design everything. about something knows School dence in this area. Th area. this in dence (2007) dent. Even when we have lacked experience in a typology, we have relied relied have we typology, a in experience lacked have we when Even dent. reasoning to enable a course ofaction. acourse to enable reasoning or logic inbuilt an using immediately something tounderstand ability Rationale: 1 Intuitive : An engineer knows everything about one thing, whereas an architect architect an whereas thing, one about everything knows : Anengineer c knowledge and techniques are required in professional practice, practice, professional in required are techniques and c knowledge 1 to overcome diffi is, along with stamina, stubbornness, and relentless relentless and stubbornness, stamina, with along is, culties. It is most likely that we learned 101 Th ings I Learned in Architecture inArchitecture ILearned ings is accumulation orts to orts is (Alsop Architects). in Article 7. TheAccumulation ofSkills Shepkina 4 building was occupied by Deutsche Bank. Bank. byDeutsche occupied was building Shepkina 4 (Alsop Architects). On completion, this this completion, On Architects). (Alsop ‘Eff icient Simplicity Off iceDevelopment, Moscow off Moscow development, ice Photo by Yury Palmin, 1997. byYury Palmin, Photo World Architecture: Architecture: World ’ by Sergey Sitar. bySergey

79 80 Oleg Shapiro (1996). Shapiro Oleg off for client Design and friend for building ice Moscow Pereulok, Plotnikov 7. TheAccumulation ofSkills (Alsop Architects). to numerous events and debates. Th fl asteady with involved been have partners both then, Since seminar. Imagination Th activities Public location. of regardless today, frameworks these within operates still practice the speaking, Broadly suffi will contact remote where electronic and ground on the hands trustworthy require who corporations international large, through second Russia’s the in era) and new process learning of the part been also have individuals and people (where business acquaintance social through fi –the of commissions streams discrete two developed over time has practice off got have never would practice the this without that saying Th group. client toawider experience effi Trubnaya Offi Trubnaya Th participation more include to expanded role this published, atlarge. media the in and realized were projects developed, practice the As of Artists. House Central atthe exhibition Moscow Arch the in participation annual and Institute Architectural atMoscow teaching fi our Kalinina, and McAdam For both Th Ove Arup and Partners and Arup Ove Th working with very corporate organizations, such as Deutsche Bank Deutsche as such organizations, corporate very with working from came initially and aslow process, was things these in clarity Achieving effi an run and terms agree fees, calculate How tofi respect. this in absolutelynothing knowing practice the We suit. not strong is our began management business architects, many with As Business management ow of lectures, teaching, exhibitions, conferences, judging and even TV shows. shows. TV even and judging conferences, exhibitions, teaching, ow of lectures, e development of client relationships has been key to this process. It goes without without It goes process. tothis key been has edevelopment relationships of client e practice was involved with public activities since inception, with the Project Project the with inception, since activities public with involved was epractice ese activities are indicated as a strip on the Practice Map. Practice on the astrip as indicated are activities ese e fi rst major breakthrough followed the success and press coverage for the for e ficoverage and press the success followed major rst breakthrough rough working with these companies and their other consultants, such as as such consultants, other their and companies these with working rough cient in the delivery of services. As a result, we were able to market our our wewereable tomarket aresult, As of services. delivery cient the in Russia since 1993. since Russia in active group, engineering multi-disciplinary international, Partners: and Arup 4 Ove Russia. in stations petrol ‘western’ first ofthe building and activities ‘upstream’ in involved were They 1990s. the in Russia in active extremely was (BP) Petroleum 3 British 4Offentirety. in Shepkina the Development occupied ice and contingent alarge had bank The 1990s. the in Russia in active extremely was Bank: 2 Deutsche ce Building. At this time, McAdam specifi McAdam time, this At Building. ce 4 , we learned how to be professional, competent and and competent how professional, to be , welearned ese included talks at the Union of atthe Moscow talks included ese rst public activities involved occasional cient offi ce for project execution. ce ce was acomplete mystery. was ce cally was invited as speaker speaker as invited was cally the ground. Th ground. the nd clients, nd clients, 2 and BP and 3 rst . e and on the recently completed Trubnaya completed Offi recently on the and Korobyina series a weekly Th Russia. and Britain both in of architecture future the concerning Embassy, British the and Architects Architecture. of Museum State Scshusev ofthe director Now circles. architectural Russian if figure program ofTV presenter then Korobyina: 5 Irina 5 . Th e program focused on the life of a foreign architect in Moscow Moscow in architect of aforeign life on the focused eprogram ‘Architectural Gallery’ ‘Architectural e Practice also featured in a Russian TV documentary, in in documentary, TV aRussian in featured also ePractice , presented on the Culture Channel by Irina byIrina Channel Culture on the , presented ce Building. ‘Architectural Gallery’ . Important . Important of the triplets admiring the brightly-coloured new new brightly-coloured the admiring triplets of the show ‘ TV ofthe completion after Architects McAdam of associate an Tanya Mueller, Anke and Kalinina newspaper The TV show ‘ show TV The design for a family of six by Tanya Kalinina. One byTanya One ofsix afamily for Kalinina. design The pair were known as ‘the Flying Dutchman Dutchman Flying ‘the as known were pair The Kvartirny Vopros’ Kvartirny 7. TheAccumulation ofSkills Diploma for Architect of the year 1996, year the of Architect for Diploma and the Flying Scotsman’ by the Moscow Moscow bythe Scotsman’ Flying the and awarded to Alsop Architects Moscow by Moscow Architects toAlsop awarded architectural community and the press. the and community architectural Central House of Artists. Article in the the in Article ofArtists. House Central ‘Kommersant Daily’ Daily’ ‘Kommersant Kvartirny Vopros’, Kvartirny McAdam Goldhoorn. and Bart First Arch Moscow 1996, Moscow Arch First 2007. the jury of Arch Moscow. Moscow. ofArch jury the , featuring James James , featuring 2007. Bathroom 2007. Bathroom bathroom. bathroom.

81 82 7. TheAccumulation ofSkills Moscow Architects, 2004. Architects, Moscow of Union atthe a completion judging (right) Goldhoorn Bart and (left) McAdam James 2012. London, News, Architecture Day, World at Architecture Tanya speaking Kalinina the Union of Moscow Architects, 2004. Architects, ofMoscow Union the at acompletion judging (left) Grigorian Yuri and (right) McAdam James Architecture News, London, 2012. London, News, Architecture Day, World at Architecture Tanya speaking Kalinina of documentary fi Payne Mike friend, and of documentary journalist lmmaker, which was to produce a series of tenfi aseries toproduce was which entitled lms, Russians living in about Britain. documentary aTV role in asubstantial totake invited was Th Kalinina 2005, In engagements. media involvement other in for Kalinina’s requests Th television. on designs about talk how and topresent moment understanding in important an was people who were for very grateful the design implemented. Furthermore, the experience and families for struggling of apartments refurbishment involve the it normally would as work of the architect, Berthold Lubetkin Berthold architect, the of work and life the biography of ficontents of the historical a with director the assisted and lm on the consulted McAdam and Kalinina both documentary, the in starring as well As Architect Highpoint including buildings of renowned anumber realising Britain, in successful very He was 1930s. early the from London in worked and lived who émigré aRussian was Lubetkin Vopros’ Vopros’ show – TV on the adesigner as regularly invited she was House, Larch of the coverage press and success the After nature. of asimilar was public activity Kalinina’s Institute. Architectural atMoscow adiploma unit to teach asked he was 2000-01 in and Union Architects, of of amember the Moscow tobecome invited 1999, was In McAdam World Architecture News World Architecture for Jury Awards the of member regular a is Kalinina and Singapore) (Barcelona, Festival Th lectures. and talks give and awards, and competitions judge atconferences, tospeak invited regularly Th Russia. fiin for documentary exemplar an as nowlmmaking used is and audience international Th of Russia. architects tothe unknown e scale of public activities has expanded for both partners in recent years. Th (Russia’s version of Britain’s , was fi lmed in London and featured the lives of three Russian architects. architects. Russian fi three , was of lives the Londonand featured in lmed 9 and the Penguin Pool at London Zoo. Sadly, even today Lubetkin is virtually virtually is Lubetkin Pool Sadly, today even Zoo. atLondon Penguin the and e shows were a huge success, repeated several times, and resulted in multiple in resulted and times, several repeated success, wereahuge eshows programme. awards annual an runs which feed news architectural online News: Architecture World 10 Lubetkin. byBerthold London Highgate, in realized project housing 9 Highpoint: 1930s. the in Britain in architect arenowned was who émigré Russian Lubetkin: 8 Berthold 1994-1997. Moscow in Editorial ofReuters maker. Head film documentary and journalist 7 Mike Payne: 6 Changing Rooms ey are often invited to consult, judge and speak at the World Architecture World atthe Architecture speak and judge toconsult, invited often are ey 10 . : weekly TV show for interior design and DIY to living rooms. rooms. toliving DIY and design interior for show TV : weekly is was for the English language channel of Russia Today, of Russia channel language English for the was is ‘Changing Rooms’ ‘Changing efi an to occasions on shown numerous was lm 8 . Th is gave the documentary contextual depth. depth. contextual documentary the gave is Th ) 6 e Chosen Ones . Th is experience very rewarding was 7 . One of the fi. One of the lms, , under the direction direction the , under ‘Kvartirny ‘Kvartirny ey are Th e 7. TheAccumulation ofSkills

83 84 Moscow Architectural School. Includes Rector, Rector, Includes School. Architectural Moscow Eugene Asse (centre, with scarf) and James James and scarf) (centre, with Asse Eugene Students and staff 7. TheAccumulation ofSkills on the opening day of of day opening the on McAdam (to right). McAdam his developments of the new Architectural School in Krasnodar in School Architectural new ofdevelopments the involvement with architectural education. acontinuing have Together, Kalinina and McAdam both public activities, they these haveAlongside consulted on the activities. development, continue and they to be today used a method as of understanding confi It also of self-learning. process arduous tothe related weredirectly practice the Th research. moment our in Ghent, November 2012. Th Th London. of East University atthe examiner external an presently is Kalinina University. atLondon Metropolitan of Architecture, School Cass the with communications assisted and course of the structure on the he where advised (MARSH), Architecture of School Moscow new of the establishment the in involved was McAdam for tutors. there development program a professional 11 Part of Kuban State University, Krasnodar. University, State ofKuban 11 Part e Accumulation of Skills was discussed at Practice Research Symposium Four, Symposium Research atPractice discussed was of Skills eAccumulation is understanding highlighted to us that the struggles experienced in developing developing in experienced struggles the that tous highlighted understanding is rmed that the four groups of skills identifi skills of groups four the that rmed e understanding of this process was an important important an was process of this eunderstanding ed are fundamental to the practice’s practice’s tothe fundamental are ed 11 , and jointly supervise supervise jointly , and practice’s work? architectural components in the What are the prevalent Happy8. Families 86 8. Happy Families • Organic • Organic forms • Spirals • Urban mega-blocks • Pixilated facades • Cylindrical forms • Interlocking boxes Leon van Schaik with phenomenon, arrangement of workshop this in To understanding adeeper gain of work. acoherent form body they whereby asymbiosis, have projects the photographs of aset as together viewed when yet dominant, immediately is form, or material functions, sizes, budgetsconsultations. Th and programmes. and of initiatives anumber and 50competitions atleast projects, realized 20 No particular Th works. 150 of more than architectural portfolio a substantial practice style, accumulated have Kalinina and McAdam use of practice, years of 20 course the In of strinkingly diff seem 2011, Ghent,One, April can of works body the noted that it where was Symposium 1, Map atPractice of Practice areview following generated was study Th components in the practice’s work? What are the prevalent architectural medium, we realised that the works are easily divided into ‘Happy Families’ divided easily are works the that werealised medium, this through works the Examining basis. annual on an practice bythe printed are and calendars updesktop make which cards project printed weused purpose For this designs. the in traits or elements particular recurring through groups the Each ‘family’ has dominant elements in form and appearance from the following: the from appearance and form in elements dominant has ‘family’ Each is Chapter describes an analytical study of the practice’s body of work. Th of work. practice’s body of the study analytical an describes Chapter is from a mixed pack ofcards. pack amixed from professions or ofanimals families collect players the where game card Families: 2 Happy at RMIT University. Research Practice Chair, Design Innovative ofArchitecture, Professor Schaik: van 1 Leon erent in appearance and form. and erent appearance in e body of work is multifarious and covers a wide range of typologies, of typologies, range awide covers and multifarious of work is ebody 1 , we grouped our works into visually similar projects, identifying identifying projects, similar into visually works our , wegrouped is includes over is 2 . Interlocking boxes Interlocking Pixilated facades Pixilated Cylindrical forms Cylindrical

McAdam Architects. Architects. McAdam Practice Research Symposium Two, Symposium Research Practice 8. Happy Families Ghent, November 2011. Happy Families. Families. Happy

87 88 Oslo Opera House. House. Opera Oslo Oslo Opera House. House. Opera Oslo 8. Happy Families form for competition entry (2000). entry competition for form Image depicting organic organic depicting Image McAdam Architects. McAdam Architects. Oslo Docks (2000). Docks Oslo Aeriel view ofthe view Aeriel evident in the practice’s residential work. A good example of this is House 20 House is of this example Agood work. residential practice’s the in evident particularly are and family largest the are boxes Interlocking apparent. becomes Th or approach. abrief, location in dominant is statement or symbolic shape where When the Th Variety’. behind notion of ‘Continuity Tom similar the about Holbrook talked fi at his later, out that, pointing It worth is practice. –the family of one extended part diff are of works how question, the the open left still However, this operation. werein forms and elements architectural which understanding and works the of grouping terms in Ghent November 2011. in Th Th Building Department StoreDepartment in the practice’s larger commercial and public buildings, such the as Univermag prevalent former is the heavily: feature also forms cylindrical and façades Pixilated of diff volumes four where more detailed investigations. more detailed diff wepursued purpose For this works. project varying move across or combine may pressures or external techniques, design ofelements, multitude how a not reveal did elements contained static, as traits these viewing that in e results of this exercise were discussed at Practice Research Symposium Two, Symposium Research atPractice werediscussed exercise of this eresults is can be seen at work in the competition for the Oslo Opera House Opera Oslo for the competition the atwork in seen be can is ough informative, the informative, ough nal examination for the Practice Research program (Ghent, 2014) April program Research Practice for the examination nal 5 . Occasional rogue families are apparent in organic forms and spirals, spirals, and forms organic in apparent are families rogue . Occasional ‘ 6 Oslo Opera House: McAdam Architects project for international competition in 2000. in competition international for project Architects McAdam House: Opera 6 Oslo Architects), 1996–1999. (Alsop Kalinina and McAdam 5 Trubnaya: by offdesigned Moscow central in building ice 2002–2004. Moscow, central in store department for project Architects McAdam 4 Univermag: 2005–2007. Region, Moscow byTanya in Kalinina designed house private for project Architects McAdam 20: 3 House Happy Families’ are viewed as separate groups, a coherent design approach approach acoherent groups, design separate as viewed are Happy Families’ 4 and the latter in free-standing objects, e.g. the Trubnaya e.g.the Offi objects, free-standing in latter the and

erent material interlock to form a single composition. composition. asingle toform interlock erent material ‘Happy Families’ ‘Happy ere, it was noted that this exercise was enlightening enlightening was exercise this noted that it ere, was

exercise was essentially reductive, reductive, essentially was exercise erent and yet yet erent and erent and 6 . ce

3 , 8. Happy Families

89 9. Belonging to the Emperor

What are the specific patterns and formulas at work in the architecture produced? 92 9. BelongingtotheEmperor 16. Jaggered 15. Natural materials 14. Transparent 13. Repetitive 12. Movement 11. Random 10. Planes Scales /pixels 9. /Façades Appearance B. 8. Structural 7. Protruding boxes 6. Interlocking boxes 5. Spiral 4. Organic 3. Cylindrical Pure form/simplistic 2. 1. Symbolic /Volumes Forms A. infl project types particular Do - or façade forms byparticular dominated projects /built competitions Are - ourselves: and tounderstandthepractice’s scenarios. approach toparticular We asked acknowledgements. Th appearance. Added tothislistwere planningrestraints, specifi work wasplottedagainstaseriesofcriteriaconcerningarchitectural formand Th a more detailedstudywasimplemented. As acontinuationoftheanalyticalstudydescribedinChapter8, work inthearchitecture produced? What are the specific patterns andformulas at Criteria groups usedforthisprocess: How does the building process or planning restraints impact forms -

issecondstudytooktheformofaclassifi designs? designs? or façade design? or façade eaimwastoidentifyanysignifi uence forms or façade design? design? or façade forms uence cation matrix,where thepractice’s 33. Awards 32. Publication 31. Exhibition E. Acknowledgements 30. Development 29. Briefi 28. Political 27. Social 26. Urban 25. Interior 24. Refurbishment Specifi D. 23. Local 22. Contextual 21. Traditional 20. Restrained 19. Flexible 18. Pragmatic 17. Functional C. Planning Restraints cant patternsinthematrix, c Typologies ng c typologiesand ‘Happy Families’,

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19.Flexible XXX XXX XXX X XX XX C X XX XX XXX XXX X XX XXX D XXX X 20.Restrained

20.Traditional

21.Contextual side and architectural components along the top. top. the along components architectural and side and built works in orange. Dominant categories categories Dominant orange. in works built and The matrix shows practice works down the left left the down works practice shows matrix The The number of component hits are marked for for marked are hits ofcomponent number The

each work. Competitions are marked in purple purple in marked are Competitions work. each 22.Local for each work are noted in the right column. right the in noted are work each for

23.Refurbishment 9. BelongingtotheEmperor

XXA X XX 24.Interior D.SPECIFICTYPOLOGIE XBD XX XXB B AD X X X XX XX XX X XAB XX XAD A B XX XX XX 25.Urban Practice Research Two, Symposium XB XXXDE X X XX 26.Social Project classification matrix XA 27.Political S

XCD 28.Briefing Ghent, November, 2011. 29.Development McAdam Architects E.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT XBD XB 30.Exhibition XABXB XC XA XAB XB 31.Publication

32.Awards CD AB AC AB AB AC BC BC A B C C C B C B B C B C B C C B B C C C B C B C C B B DomminantGroup

93 94 9. BelongingtotheEmperor right. we standback,we seemore purpleontheleftandmore orangeonthe purple andbuiltprojects inorange on theclassifi restraints. To highlightthisgeneralpattern,competitionsare shown in façades, whereas builtprojects are more infl competitions are dominantinforms,volumes, andappearance/ Not surprisingly, whenwe lookatthebodyofwork itisclearthat Th Acknowledgements –exhibition(1hit) E. D. Specifi Planning /restraints –restrained (1hit) C. . Appearance /façades–planes,movement, B. Forms /volumes boxes -protruding (1 hit) A. Hotel –and mark therelevant, criteriatheresult isasfollows: If we now lookataclosedcompetition–Th Th Acknowledgements –publication(1hit) E. D. Specifi Planning /restraints –contextual(1hit) C. Appearance /façades–planes,random, B. Forms /volumes –interlockingboxes (1hit) A. the relevant criteria,theresult isasfollows: For example,ifwe takeoneofthebuiltprojects –House 20–andmark groups andtolookforanypatterns. in whichtheyfi Th eRochdelskaya Apart Hotel isalsodominantinB. eproject, House 20,isdominant inBonly. e classifi repetitive, transparency, jagged( transparency, naturalmaterials( cation matrixsimplymarks thecriteriaagainstprojects c typologies–(0hits) c typologies–interior(1hit) rst occurred. It enabledustoidentifythedominant 5 hits 4 hits ) ) uenced by planningand e Rochdelskaya Apart cation matrix. When cation Photo by Yuri Palmin, 2007. byYuriPhoto Palmin, foreground. in area dining external Covered living interlocking with swimming block. pool main showing garden, from ofhouse view Main House 20 9. BelongingtotheEmperor (McAdam Architects) Architects) (McAdam

95 96 9. BelongingtotheEmperor described inChapter4, used amethodofverifying project positionsintheDiagram ofEndeavours (as Michel Foucault (1966) supervisor Martyn Hooksupervisor in 2011.Th Th (as describedinChapter5, language usedby thepractice.It informative tothestudyofKey wasvery projects of work andgainaclearunderstandingofthearchitectural componentsand Th nine commonelements. private house,whichhave novisiblycommonformsoruseofmaterials, allshared Th the criteriainclassifi typology orsize, there are ahighnumberofcommonarchitectural elementsfrom that whilstlittlecommonground existsintermsofbrief, location,function, relationships between thepractice’s mostprevalent andrevered works. It revealed number ofcommoncriteria(hits).Th Matrix, where thepractice’s works are plottedagainsteachotherandscored by the Th Project Relationships Matrix on classifi is, whattodowithitnext?” to understandtheorder of…” here wasnotnecessarily inclassifi Luis Borges(1962) A numberofquestionsarose onthevalidity ofsuchmethodsclassifi we cannever besure oftheresults”. usually intheselectionofcriteria,andthiscasechoicecriteria issubjective, so Th tounderstand used be aprocess of such results the How can analysis? and criteria we avoid subjective - How can - How aclassifi is -

eseinvestigations were presented atPractice Research Symposium Two, Ghent, ismatrixproved thebody usefultoolwithwhichtooverview tobeavery e keyprojects, whichincludeanoffi esecondmatrix(andperhapsthemore revealing) istheProject Relationship is situation was crystallized by Davidis situationwascrystallized Porter the workings of apractice? workings the cation systems,withJohan Verbeke epanel’s response wasrathersubdued.Ascommentedby our second 5 . cation system defi system cation cation matrix. ‘Th 4 1 and the collection of short stories, andthecollectionofshort : eEndeavours ofPractice’ “Th Th epresentation developed intoadetaileddiscussion isanincredible pieceofdatacollection. Th ‘Trubnaya, Larch House, Univermag’ He suggestedthatwe read cation but cation is worked very well isworked asawayofidentifyingthe very ned orned created? storece building,adepartment anda “how tomakesenseof…” 2 suggestingthat,“ 3 , whosuggestedthattheissue ). Th eOrder ofTh Labyrinths ) andcouldbe the problem is cation: e question by Jorge or ings “how by by of Forking Paths and the Library ofBabel. Library the and Paths of Forking 5 4 Program. RMIT Research member, panel Visiting Beijing. Art, ofFine Academy Central Professor, Porter: 3 David Ghent, Belgium. ofArchitecture, School Lucas St LUCA, research, ofdesign Professor Verbeke: 2 Johan Perth. Hook, Pedersen Iredale Partner, University. RMIT architecture, in professor Associate Hook: 1 Martyn Labyrinths The Order ofThings Order The , Jorge Luis Borges, 1962. A collection of short stories including the Garden Garden the including stories ofshort Acollection 1962. Borges, Luis , Jorge , Michel Foucault, 1966. An archeology of Human Sciences. ofHuman archeology An 1966. Foucault, , Michel 9. BelongingtotheEmperor Rochdelskaya Apart-Hotel Rochdelskaya (McAdam Architects) (McAdam Moscow, 2009. Moscow,

97 98 9. BelongingtotheEmperor of the architecture atwork. architecture of the or understanding ordering the and ofdata collection for the tool useful a very is this ofwork, body varied and alarge with for apractice that conviction the of weare mundane, seem may matrix adetailed ofassembling task the Whilst this positioning. specifi ofEndeavours, Diagram on the positioned be to needed aproject when For example, research. the throughout Th exercise. ‘Happy Families’ ofthe elements main the and reconfi tendencies. and It reinforced also dominant see to and works atthe objectively look and back stand to us enabled It used. components architectural the ofwork and body ofthe understanding werebenefi study ofthis results the Nevertheless, matrices. resemblemay somewhat withthe thisscenario,we decided nottogofurther Acknowledging thatouruseofclassifi Th n) Having justbroken thewaterpitcher m) Et cetera l) Drawnfi withavery k) Innumerable j) Frenzied i) Included inthepresent classifi h) Stray dogs g) Fabulous f) Sirens e) Suckling pigs d) Tame c) Embalmed b) Belonging tothe Emperor a) Emporium ofBenevolent Knowledge by Jorge Luis Borges,whorefers toaChineseEncyclopedia entitledthe we were amusedtofi made abriefstudyofthebackground ofclassifi In light ofthesequestionsanddoubts,we studiedthepublicationssuggested and

e matrices were not developed further but have been used as a reference point point areference as used been but have further werenot developed ematrices atfrom adistancelooklikefl Wilkins’. ofJohn language analytic ‘The essay 1942 his in tothis refers Borges Luis 1 Jorge nd reference toafi ne camelhairbrush , inwhichanimalsare dividedinto: cation cation systemsfor architectural components ies c detail from the matrices would inform inform would matrices the from c detail 1 ctitious taxonomy ofanimalsdescribed rmed our selection of the key projects projects key ofthe selection our rmed cation systems.In thisprocess cial. It gave us an even deeper deeper even an us gave It cial. Celestial See next spread. Project relationship matrix 100 plotted against each other and scored scored and other each against plotted Intensities in project relationships can can relationships project in Intensities be seen on the matrix as moments in in moments as matrix the on seen be The matrix shows the practice works works practice the shows matrix The Practice Research Symposium Two, Symposium Research Practice by the number of common criteria. ofcommon number by the white – 0 hits, through yellow, through –0hits, white Project relationship matrix relationship Project 9. BelongingtotheEmperor The colour ranges from ranges colour The Ghent, November, 2011. practice development. McAdam Architects to red - 10 hits. -10 to red igma os Built Built Built Projec Concept House Residential Sport House Sport Concept Built Concept Concept Concept Concept House Residential KingsmeadSportClub House Religion Residential WycombeSquare House Kingsmead Built SportClub TEMP Apartment Beneluxmainhouse Beneluxguesthouse Rochdelskaya2 Rochdelskaya1 Archangelskoye LDSSokol Concept KensingtonCourt Projec Concept Office Mixeduse Concept House Built Concept Brief Mixeduse Mixeduse Concept Office Urban BishopsGrove Sport Krasina NizhnyNovgorod Sport LeninskyUrbanPlan Built Rossiya SABMiller AuroraYachtClub House Canterbur LarchHouse igmaprlbSotProjec Sport GarageandApartment KingsmeadSportClub Concept Residential Built Concept Concept Concept Concept Concept Office Office Urban Residential Residential Office Concept NikoloKhovanskoye2 Ostrov RedOctoberplotE Culture CISBusinessDistrict Lesnaya27 Rublevo Antonovka Concept RedOctobe Built Concept FilmFestival Residential Culture Concept House Mixeduse Concept AvenueRoad Mixeduse Vuchetichamasterplan Concept Built Pozdnyakovo Multiplex Residentail Residential Concept Culture NikolskayaSloboda Pekin Built DublinDocks Culture ProjectImagination/RIB BritishCouncilMoscow CHA Built Concept Office Transport ZarechieSettlemen Domodedovoairport GoldmanSachs ReutersInterio pti eieta Concept Concept Residential House Built Concept House House Centra Concept TiffendenManor Sputnik Residential SouthWinchcombeMano Caesarea Pirogovo FernshawRoad ManorHouseCour Projec Concept Office Urban DeutscheBankAurora NikoloKhovanskoye Projec Concept Concept Office Mixeduse House WalworthRoad GulfofFinland ORTStudy Concept Sport Projec HouseinPineFores Built Transport SportComplex Office ExoilPetrolStations Trubnaya/MilleniumHouse Shepkina/DeutscheBan nsn os Concept Concept House Retail Built Kaluzhskoyeretail Anosino Apartment EITCTradeCentreFranc MITCTradeCentreMosco ConrwallGardens RMITPhd Built Office NewOffice Built Built Concept Culture Concept Office Concept Office CHAlevel1&mezzanine Retail Hotel BCSt.Petersbur UralKaliy FlotelNeskuchnySad Aviapark DetskiMir Concept Mixeduse KutuzovskyBusinessCentre CreditSuisseRetailCentr nvra ealProjec Built Retail Concept Built Office Built Development Concept Urban House Built Built Development Culture Univermag Religion Kolokolnikov OstravaMasterplan KrasnodarHouse Petroverigski PrincessCrescent OsloOperaHouse ChurchKrasnodar PlotnikovPe M A l sopArc c Ad am l Houseo hi A y rc tects r r hit r ec f g PROJECTRELATIONSHIPMATRIX AtssCu Artists t t s t t s A e k e r w rdnxoConcept Concept Tradingexpo Built Tradingexpo Development Built Built Apartment Residential Brief Residential Built Development Projec Culture Exhibition X Bui 1 3 2 House Concept X 2 X Residential Built Projec Concept Built Office Office Mixeduse Office l ueConcept ture l 20110X21102022211000022034000110300000001110101030103010103123020023200023100220001 02301101101X t t t t t t t t t t

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101 10. Th e Black Spot

What is the essence of the design process? 104 10. The BlackSpot of activity. Th episode. Th forlast fi Th discussions. question-and-answer topragmatic arguments and discourse Th partners. the between conversations with begin topics All how wework. and tous important is –what of practice To elaborate on this collaboration, skills. complementary it our tooptimise us between isoperates important process arelay to this, Supplementing pathways. design understand individual and distinctive the processes topursue other the empowers partner each which in threshold, atthe positioned process licensing adynamic with values, and traits of common acore diff is these many have we individuals, Th culture. of local asense with specifi with knowledge We cross-cultural combine range. can atclose able tofocusin being as well as adistance, from view and back tostand able of being luxury the us It gives –Conversations. partners the between opinions and ideas, information, Th years. for one many entity as diff from individuals two where of biculturalism, amicrocosm as way, practice the this In practice. in partners of the customs and attitudes cultural the combining – notion on of biculturalism the directly based is of collaboration process Our 2012 2013. April from toApril developed over Practice Th Schaik. van Leon supervisor, our from questioning Research Symposiums Th workings through a series of intense internal conversations, with regular input and these We place. investigated takes design that which in spaces the and we design, Th What isthe essenceof the design process? on a project-by-project basis, where relationships with partners (clients, consultants, (clients, consultants, partners with on aproject-by-project relationships where basis, on specifi focused is others with Collaboration practice. of the base the form which programs and initiatives with forward move and ahead toplan us allows momentum own our Instead, commission. of a sense traditional the in tohappen for something towait need the alleviates Th partners. the between discourse into further back feed sub-conversations these turn, In colleagues. and partners, mentors, advisors, Th problem-solving. everyday and practice, e key to articulating this exchange is the interaction between the partners. As As partners. the between interaction the is exchange this toarticulating ekey ere is a self-perpetuating cycle of development at all levels. Th levels. of development atall cycle aself-perpetuating ereis is essay looks directly at the workings of the practice – how it operates, how –how it operates, practice of the workings atthe directly looks essay is erent cultures have learned alongside and adapted to each other, and practiced other, practiced and toeach adapted and alongside learned have erent cultures cs of a location or context, achieving an international architecture infused infused architecture international an achieving or context, of alocation cs ve minutes or two hours and can yield immediate result or require a repeat arepeat or require result immediate yield can and hours or two ve minutes is hub of conversations between the partners produces multiple off produces partners the between hub is of conversations ese ese off -shoots (or sub-conversations) concern ideas, initiatives, future future initiatives, ideas, (or concern -shoots sub-conversations) erent and opposing characteristics. But underpinning But underpinning characteristics. opposing erent and is format works througha continuous exchange of of exchange continuous througha works format is ese conversations range from high-energy high-energy from range conversations ese ey oftenengage input from others – input others from oftenengage ey c activities. Th ree, Four and Five, in Ghent Five, in and Four ree, is conversational process is usually is arranged is is arranged usually is mechanism -shoots -shoots ey can and specifi formulae where design a practice is this chapters, previous the in described As interaction. longstanding and on apersonal based is this as hub, conversation central tothe access full not allow does core bicultural partner of practice there have only In reality, or been such two instances. three the two- years 20 Over individual. a particular with of collaborating years and on trust Th practice. the within topractice license limited given are they where architect, or senior of position associate years,reachinga for many practice the within remained have colleagues of Some these basis. on other adaily each with interacting and partners the with directly working members all with or structure, hierarchy particular specifi for their engaged who are colleagues, of group of aclose centre atthe partners way, two the with this in works also Th involved. for those atmosphere incentivised and acreative foster specifi are architects) other key to a success or failure in terms of architectural results. of architectural terms in is or failure It toasuccess key concept. or idea it the holds as Spot, main Black the as idea main tothis development, werefer During original any of partners. practice bythe undertaken action protection architectural crucial the most the possibly ensure to is system this of Th practice. the atwork within system’ ‘security but sophisticated asubconscious is there that we believe situations, these in control To creative retain forces experienced) more (and external that danger a infl powerful wield may always is there situation, this c practice methods are intuitively rather than consciously defi consciously than rather intuitively are methods c practice ere is no formula or stage process in this licensing – it is simply based –it simply based is licensing this in process or stage no formula ereis uence on project development.uence cally developed in joint venture format. Th format. joint venture in developed cally c skillsets and desires. Th desires. and c skillsets e primary function function eprimary e actual practice practice e actual is generally ere is no ereis ned. In In ned. Kalinina and McAdam. McAdam. and Kalinina and notes depicting ongoing research process. research ongoing depicting notes and Research Symposiums Three and Four, Ghent, Four, Ghent, and Three Symposiums Research April 2012, November 2012. Series of sketches ofsketches Series 2012. November 2012, April 10. The BlackSpot Conversations . Practice . Practice

105 106 possible negative influence of a range ofarange influence negative possible McAdam Architects. Architects. McAdam showing the Black Spot at the centre, centre, atthe Spot Black the showing with protective line of resistance, and and ofresistance, line protective with Practice Research Symposium Four, Symposium Research Practice Ghent, November 2012. Diagram Diagram 2012. November Ghent, 10. The BlackSpot of external forces. of external The Black Spot. Spot. Black The attention. maximum given be must so and toattack, susceptible and it fragile is state this In projects. move between even can and time and space in –it travels static never is Th complications. fewer has process building the role, as monitoring toasensible reduced be can policing the for construction, basis legal is there approved project is But and once the architects. other even and developers, rival conservationists, authorities, city the the status of the practice in the project. It will also vary at diff at House Larch the vary such dwelling, of aprivate development stage also will It project. design the in the requires Spot Black the of protection amount in the For example, practice the of status the and of people involved, number the forces, toexternal susceptibility its project, Th approach. aconscientious who supports authority or someone in engineer imaginative an client, –adiscerning involved characters of circle wider the input elicit from wewill Occasionally, ring. this within stay normally will team consultant and colleagues close our nudge, occasional the from Apart project. on depend the will Spot Black the and ring-fence this between defi acarefully set will Th diffi technical and consultants rogue pressures, economic interference, political bodies, client authorities, planning –for example, of sources number any from arise can it tofl allow and infl external negative it from –to protect Spot Black of the Th both partners. by supported or concept, idea aprincipal it becomes until adjusted subtly is essence other, the this with consultation After isolation. in working partners, practice Th Department StoreDepartment Univermag the as such centre, acity project in building anew hand, other On the result. quality ahigh toachieve construction during required is that detail and of coordination level due tothe increases, often policing this process building the However, during consultants. and colleagues of trustworthy ahandful and client adiscerning with todealing limited be e process of protection could be described as ‘architectural policing’. Th ‘architectural as described be could of protection eprocess e Black Spot changes, evolves and mutates throughout the process. For us, it For us, process. the throughout mutates and evolves changes, Spot eBlack e level and complexity of protection required will depend on the particular particular on depend the will required of protection complexity and elevel e Black Spot is the essence of a project. It normally originates from one from of the originates It of aproject. normally essence the is Spot eBlack culties. Th 2 Described in Chapter 5, Trubnaya, Larch House, Univermag. Trubnaya,House, Larch 5, Chapter in 2 Described Univermag. Trubnaya,House, Larch 5, Chapter in 1 Described ese forces conspire to distort the original idea. original the todistort conspire forces ese ourish through positive forces and developments. Negative forces forces Negative developments. and forces positive through ourish e partners’ role throughout a project is to maintain the integrity integrity the tomaintain aproject is role throughout e partners’ 2 , will be subject to attack from the early stages of design from from of design stages early the from toattack subject be , will ned ned ‘fi eld of resistance’ around the Black Spot. Th Spot. Black the around ofeld resistance’ uences and irritants, irritants, and uences erent project stages. 1 , will normally e distance e partners subsequent Th overlays. over time – as re-drawn they and drawn are paper. Plans of multiple tracing layers uses developKalinina into more satisfactory and workable form. this in of practice of over years arecord 20 now has and childhood, in solutions on sketchbooks touse taught He review. was for development or future sketchbook the into mind the from move directly –they unworked but and raw clear are sketches and Notes asketchbook. in or thought idea every draws and writes McAdam diff development its are and conception of idea methods the as level atapractical important also is sequence of aform telepathy. as relay But the exists point it where tothe almost of years, over anumber subconsciously developed has sequence relay the that we believe Onrefl activities. butof everyday anumber process design not the only Th of time. period a short over forth and back handed it is where sequence’, ‘relay a of part become will or Th process. this topollute allowed are desires or egotistic preferences debate.No stylistic little and reasoning logical with open process, and amutual then is aconsensus other. the Reaching with consult then and idea an generate will one partners of isolation, the in Normally Th How doesthe design process take place? e relay sequence is asignifi is sequence erelay e Black Spot almost always originates from either McAdam or Kalinina. used to in multiple layers for drawing drawing for layers multiple toin used Kalinina’s layers of tracing pape and re-drawing ideas and concepts. and ideas re-drawing and is is a logical trait as it follows the way that Russian Russian that way the it follows as trait alogical is is erent for both partners. erent partners. for both cant component in the life of the practice and spans spans and practice of the component life the cant in e idea is then either developed by the originator, r: ection record ideas, sketches and notes over over notes and sketches ideas, record McAdam’s sketchbooks: the 20 years ofpractice. years 20 the used to used 10. The BlackSpot

107 108 10. The BlackSpot Hotel Aramis in Paris, where ideas for for ideas where Paris, in Aramis Hotel Larch House and Univermag were were Univermag and House Larch Kitchen at McAdam and Kalinina’s Kalinina’s and atMcAdam Kitchen house in North London. North in house conceived. Kalinina’s apartment in Kitay Gorod Gorod Kitay in apartment Kalinina’s View from kitchen at McAdam and and atMcAdam kitchen from View McAdam Architects’ studio in Red Red in studio Architects’ McAdam (China Town), Moscow. Central October, central Moscow. central October, to the original designs proposed. proposed. designs original to the identical almost is building resultant the where Krasnodar, in Holy Rosary the and of St Barbara Church the is process this epitomizes project which One particular element. avital is Spot Black the projects, of built anumber and stream, competitions the in works for most not But apre-requisite. –is Spot –aBlack idea creative all-consuming an where advice, technical solutions and pragmatic analysis, straightforward it involves Much of vein. this in described be work practice’s can of the not all Obviously Spot. Black of the origination for the crucible Yet perfect the it was views. backstreet Th Store wereconceived. Department Univermag the and House Larch the for both ideas initial where Paris, on practice development. For example, discussions for key and process avenue for this become have Th locations surprising Some studio. into the released being before times, several locations isolated same tothe return will Spot Black the project, of the complexity and level on the Depending locations. such in best progress also concepts and ideas these Subsequent development alone. of and environment, familiar atotally in usually time, uninterrupted one able tospend when is productively most place takes Spot phenomenon, confi this wecan studied Having or aeroplane. on atrain hotel room, abasic in table, kitchen – at the places uninspiring completely or in fi any needs process the transit in not that tosay occur to tends It location. xed Th frequent. too all are byothers interruptions and meetings, e-mails, calls, Th Th Where doesthe design process take place? byone partners. of the basis monitored on adaily still Th intact. idea of the essence the with concept architectural into an developed be From safely herestudio. it can the in or project architect associate on toatrusted passed is material integrity, the satisfi are partners the and fully-conceived is Spot Black the When kitchen’. the from heard be could paper of tracing USSR when ‘the rustle the in Made childhood, Kalinina’s architects have been taught since the 1960s. Th is process very rarely takes place in the offi the in place takes rarely very process is isolation. in place takes normally Spot Black of the origination is is hotel is a most uninspiring place, with basic rooms and and rooms basic with place, uninspiring amost hotel is is is shaping and development of the Black Spot is is Spot Black development of the and shaping is e Hotel Aramis on Rue de Rennes in in on deRennes Rue eHotel Aramis ce, where the distraction of phone distraction the where ce, is is described in the chapter on chapter the in described is is rm that the origin of the Black ed with its is is 10. The BlackSpot McAdam Architects Moscow team, 2007. team, Moscow .

109 110 hall (top), low central entrance passage (top), passage hall entrance central low Double-height, semi-circular entrance entrance semi-circular Double-height, Initial sketches of interior spaces,1997. spaces,1997. ofinterior sketches Initial The Church of St Barbara and the the and Barbara St of Church The Holy Rosary 10. The BlackSpot (McAdam Architects). Architects). (McAdam to nave (above).to nave Th The Church of StBarbara &the Holy Rosary local priest Father Andrzej Moravski approached Valery Goloverov Valery approached Moravski Andrzej Father priest local To of Russia. south eff the in Krasnodar, in church own its have of an Armenian Catholic Community which desired, more than anything, to about the task of preparing an initial design proposal. Th proposal. design initial an of preparing task about the set Kalinina and brief, McAdam of the review and site visit initial an Following visitors. occasional and priest local for the residence amodest be would church the Adjoining area. apse raised lobby, usual belltower, and entrance loft choir a congregation, 800-strong for an seating with hall church amain tohave was city. of the It edge on the lake toasmall next church atraditional tobe It was a Catholic church. fi and plot land suitable a locating in tower allowed a gentle shaft of light tofl of light shaft agentle tower allowed bell of the base the formed which niche the altar, the behind apse the In events. on and ceremony –depending sideaisles tothe perimeter the or around passage alow central through either was nave tothe Entry loft. uptoa choir leading side, either stairs open with hall entrance onto adouble light semi-circular height, cast window, which across-shaped tobe was entrance the Above of glazing. bands horizontal occasional with render white-painted be to were Elevations altar. the behind apse the in aniche toform building the through down continued and plan in ellipse of an half was belltower the church, of the centre the At rear. the at block residential lower level the with volume, of the thirds two occupying it. to on hold to Th determined was he capabilities, building and budget about concerns altar. Father of the backdrop the Moravski against toplay of light ashaft allow would which belltower was ecstatic acentral and conditions, lighting atmospheric tocreate of fenestration when slots narrow presented this fl volume boat-shaped white, simple –aclean, and concept, and despite e boat-shaped space extended back as a simple rectangle, the actual church church actual the a simple rectangle, as back extended space eboat-shaped is was a rather unusual commission. It materialized from the unrelenting eff unrelenting the from It materialized commission. unusual arather was is for architectural and planning control. Also known as The Chess Player, see Chapter 6. Chapter Player, see Chess The as known Also control. planning and architectural for responsible ofKrasnodar, Architect City Chief Then father. Kalinina’s Goloverov: 3 Valery nding an architect who knew how to design how todesign knew who architect an nding ood in from the glazing above. glazing the from in ood oating towards the lake, with with lake, the towards oating e idea was very clear clear very was eidea ect this plan, the the plan, this ect 3 for assistance orts orts Initial model of concept, presented to presented ofconcept, model Initial the general mass of the building with with building ofthe mass general the The Church of St Barbara and the the and Barbara St of Church The the Papal Envoy in 1997. This shows Envoy 1997. in Papal shows the This Holy Rosary 10. The BlackSpot central half-elliptical belltower. half-elliptical central (McAdam Architects). Architects). (McAdam

111 112 Feature article in in article Feature The Church of St Barbara and the the and Barbara St of Church The Holy Rosary 10. The BlackSpot Project Russia Project (McAdam Architects). Architects). (McAdam Religion, 2001. Religion, no. 22 – 22 no. hands-on role in the construction process. McAdam and Kalinina made occasional occasional made Kalinina and McAdam process. construction the in role hands-on a took tobuilding connected remotely wereeven who people local all and Any community. bythe self-generated was Finance materials. local of sourcing and process approval the with assisted architects Local community. Catholic local bythe built was church the followed, 18 the that Over months involved. Community Goloverov, Valery Catholic the and Architect City Chief the Moravski, Father priest Envoy, Papal of the local protection the and support full Th Moscow.in Envoy, Papal Embassy to the (Vatican) Holy at the See John Bukovsky, Father Th e next step was for McAdam and Kalinina to present the architectural concept concept architectural topresent the Kalinina and for McAdam was step enext ere had been no major deviations from the original ideas, which now had the the now had which ideas, original the from no deviations major been erehad and creative professions. professions. creative and practices ofother workings inner the aprompt for understanding as used be could posed questions the that believe and enlightening discoveries We these found partners. by the monitored still Spot is Black the for development, studio the to release after that ofisolation; locations in developed Spot is Black the that fashion; ‘relay’ a in working partners both Spot involves Black ofthe inception Th the that Spot; Spot. Black the as Black ofthe guardians sole the this weare that to ofrevelations: anumber we had referred have We essence. or Th partners. bythe engaged methods operating the particular in and works process practice of how the From introspective this of part the research we gained a better understanding skills. construction and limitations bytechnical diluted minimally only and involved, bythose protected and supported fully project, –acommunity Spot Black of the purity of the realization It a is proposed. concept and idea original of the representation aliteral almost signifi the Spot, Black of the context the Within in featured It November 1999.in Th inexperience. and limitations by technical specifi pipes with decorative hoppers were installed to pipes the rainwater zinc elevations shiny external rather drawings; on the than amistake tobe the believed internalwas it as symmetry given was glazing of horizontal arrangement asymmetric random scaff the because short too metres six wereimplemented was on-site: belltower the details some questionable eff all made team building Th designs. original our with accordance in exactly almost – was fi the Overall slots. position of glazing the and steps entrance the of shape the as such decisions, design approved important where they site visits e Church of St Barbara and the Holy Rosary was inaugurated by Father Bukovsky Bukovsky byFather inaugurated was Holy the Rosary and of St Barbara eChurch e main subject of this process is the conception and protection of a project idea idea ofaproject protection and conception the is process ofthis subject emain ed. Although this was frustrating, these deviations were simply caused caused simply were deviations these frustrating, was this Although ed. nished building – volume, appearance and spatial qualities included included qualities spatial and appearance –volume, building nished Project Russia Project olding used was unstable at the required height; the the height; required atthe unstable was used olding orts to achieve this. However, as is often the case, case, the often However, is as this. toachieve orts no. 22 ‘Religion’ in 2001. in no. ‘Religion’ 22 cance of project this is that it is rough this investigation investigation this rough e community 10. The BlackSpot

113 114 and the Holy Rosary Holy the and 10. The BlackSpot The Church of St Barbara St of Church The Architects). (McAdam (McAdam Side elevation section Long Ground plan floor glazing to belltower all visible. Photo by Photo visible. all tobelltower glazing Bukovsky, local priest Father Moravski, Moravski, Father priest local Bukovsky, Interior view from choir loft. Altar with with Altar loft. choir from view Interior Main entrance doors, high-level cross cross high-level doors, entrance Main illuminate the Apse behind. Seated to Seated behind. Apse the illuminate Completed building from across lake. lake. across from building Completed Day of Inauguration, November 1999. 1999. November ofInauguration, Day and three regional representatives of representatives regional three and right of Altar are Papal Envoy Father Envoy Father Papal are ofAltar right window, horizontal glazing slots and and slots glazing horizontal window, The Church of St Barbara and the the and Barbara St of Church The The Church of St Barbara and the the and Barbara St of Church The Holy Rosary Holy Rosary shaft of light shining from above to above from shining oflight shaft 10. The BlackSpot (McAdam Architects). Architects). (McAdam James McAdam, 1999. McAdam, James (McAdam Architects). Architects). (McAdam the Catholic Church. Catholic the

115 11. Coalition Government and the Importance of the Relay

How can a partnership operate without specific guidelines or a manifesto? 118 11. CoalitionGovernment andtheImportance oftheRelay Canterbury School of Architecture Moscow Architectural Institute Architectural Moscow Tanya 1991. Kalinina, diff We people. We diff same not have the are toA License Practice calling card. Th approach. abicultural and roles of opposing use our without possible been have would ventures ofneither these and dynamic auseful It was role of Ithe stranger. Tanya role and of the host, played cases Moscow, in both in where of apractice opening tothe lead and seminar Th cultures. two between abridge to create format /host stranger the touse and of exchanges scale the toincrease drive and practice l gives partner each that is of this summation accurate an Presentation, Penultimate Symposium Research Practice during Carter noted by Paul again As and perseverance. honesty, ambition dedication, –integrity, backgrounds our toboth common are Th of partnership. core our form the principles which of fundamental alist is there webelieve features, opposing these But between 10 Chapter – described are ofor these complementary. Many by Paul Carter by Paul surmised other’s each As country. in together working whilst achievement and Th Host the and The Stranger We wavelength! same wereon the reliance. and of trust feeling general a and backgrounds, and interests ambition, similar of adventure, sense combined Th cooperation. of ongoing basis on the schools respective byour endorsed arrangement, a private It was Russia. for mein same dothe she would and UK the in necessary support any and (semester). for aterm Moscow in accommodation provide study Iwould then Iwould for and aterm, Canterbury Tanya in study would staggered: was Th arrangement. other. astraightforward on It the was reliance and in were such that an exchange would only work with each partner’s complete trust 1990. in Circumstances exchange upastudent of setting time atthe of decision amoment in agreed subconsciously and weresettled partnership for this Guidelines guidelines oramanifesto? How canapartnership operate without specific Th Host. the and Stranger of the partnership unique tothe led 2014Ghent April scenario in –this e reasons that we decided to set-up the exchange remain amystery. Perhaps a remain toset-up exchange wedecided the that ereasons is arrangement lead to a great friendship, and a bond was created by experience byexperience created abond was and friendship, toagreat lead arrangement is is arrangement formed the basis of further joint activities. Th joint activities. of further basis the formed arrangement is erent ways of doing things. In many respects our characters are contrasting contrasting are characters our respects many In things. oferent doing ways to the other. Th RMIT University. program, Research ofPractice Candidate DSDHA. architect, practicing Saunt: 2 Deborah 2014. April in Ghent Symposium, RMIT. Research Practice ofDesign, Professor Carter, 1 Paul 1 during Practice Research Symposium Penultimate Presentation, Symposium Research Practice during is is the freedom to operate, design and practice, on the on the practice, and design tooperate, freedom the is is rough this equation, each of us had an international international an had us of each equation, this rough is began with the Project Imagination Imagination Project the with began is erent skills, diff skills, erent ese are basic traits which which traits basic are ese erent interests and and interests erent ere was a desire adesire erewas ‘Th e Black Spot’ eBlack e exchange icense to to icense . was questioned by fellow research candidate Deborah Saunt Deborah candidate research byfellow questioned was telepathy. involve even Th might some cases in and condition, natural Th diff in partners of the skills the tomaximise technique, arelay using forth and back passed be will license this instances many In quality. high of and sensible be it will that do, and will other the what know generally weboth that basis input of all colleagues and staff and colleagues input of all fl open an is there where ademocracy, is practice Our always. but Tanya not right, is Normally reasoning. and analysis mutual through diff our wesettle Rationale, byIntuitive passed are of decisions majority the While of practice. business everyday the and coordination, project design, toeffi us helps and productive, Th ignited. debateare and conversations tension this through and disagree, weoften contrary On the We on everything. donot agree Coalition Government us. between works process design how the together, and practise partners how the basis, on adaily operates practice how the tounderstand intrigued she was Hills, David with partnership Four, Symposium Ghent November 2012 of in her own context Research the –in is license-giving is so developed within the practice that it has long been a ciently deal with practice matters relating to relating matters practice with deal ciently is welcome and appreciated. It has two leaders leaders two It has appreciated. and welcome is ow of information and the the and ow of information is is usually 2 during Practice Practice during erent situations. is matter 11. CoalitionGovernment andtheImportance oftheRelay erences erences TK to left and JM to right, with common common with toright, JM and TK toleft List of characteristics for partners for characteristics of List attributes in the centre. the in attributes

119 120 South Winchcombe Manor 11. CoalitionGovernment andtheImportance oftheRelay Alterations to West elevation, 2014. elevation, toWest Alterations Restoration of dining room, 2014. room, ofdining Restoration South Winchcombe Manor South Winchcombe Manor December 2010. example of this is the refurbishment of our own house, South Winchcombe South house, own of our refurbishment the is of this example good Aparticularly projects. substantial all in extent or lesser togreater used it’s and works of practice realization development and successful tothe akey is Th The Relay implementation. before thoroughly debated are policies Th of opendiscourse. aprocess through leaders bytwo made decisions in achieved is balance asensible where Government, of version aCoalition our is this ways many In project. same on the often for diff individuals, or as together approached be who can and willingness to work for the common cause. common towork for the willingness and other’s on rely each judgment and aspects on all Werelationship. ateam work as Th basis. on adaily discussed and shared all are problems, and weekends, holidays, houses, Misha), and (Polina children Our Th of life. areas all in We partners practice. are the and architecture than further goes Tanya with naturally My relationship Family business project. building character traits are diff Th a but takes not is inactive, partner second the of arelay stages the During for interior- fi On-site operations (JM) refurbishment for- base-build On-site operations orders (TK) furnishing and material - Detailed (JM) administration Contract - fi of materials, - Selection - Details for construction (JM) (TK) plans - design Interior - Manor in Kent. Th Kent. in Manor negligible input from thers. Th thers. input from negligible - Preparation of planning submission (JM) submission of planning Preparation (TK) for refurbishment plans and ideas - Initial (JM) feasibility and - Inception -

e notion of the relay has arisen on several occasions during this research. It research. this during occasions on several arisen has relay enotion of the e logic in this arrangement is undeniable. Our skills, design instincts and and instincts design skills, Our undeniable. is arrangement this in elogic supporting role in the stage. stage. role the in supporting structural engineer Jonathan Rogers (Miller Rogers Partnership). Rogers (Miller Rogers Jonathan engineer structural by designed elements, steel ofspecial installation surgical the involved This project. this for needed were interventions ofstructural –anumber construction for 5 Details Consent. Building Listed toobtain years two almost took It Architecture). (Cyma Bain-Smith Charles Architect, Conservation from assistance and Trust Archaeological Canterbury bythe survey ofadetailed commissioning involved It procedure. acomplicated was Manor Winchcombe South for application planning 4 The 1320. in Hall Medieval original toan back dating centuries several over extended and altered, built, was It significance. ofhistorical building alisted is Manor Winchcombe 3 South is project engaged the two partners for the duration, with with duration, for the partners two the project engaged is erent, but together we can effi wecan erent, but together nishes, lights and furnishings (TK) furnishings and lights nishes, is is how the relay worked in this instance: this in worked relay how the is is 5 nishes (TK) is means that all the main main the all that means is 4 is intensity does not hinder our our not hinder does intensity is is is an integral family set-up. entire an execute ciently erent purposes, but erent purposes, 3

reasons behind it? comprise andwhat are the What doesthe body of work 12. Th eArt of Elasticity 122 12. TheArtofElasticity 12. project and building typologies. building and project Th of demands. range toawide respond and research, toadapt, We ability the developed practice. of the condition normal the became this over time challenges: of design set anew bring would month Each it. about knew who bythose used tobe only – it was itself to the highway, for fear of being targeted It not point. by advertise would the access criminal guarded asingle aspect have and wall, of high societymetre bya4 surrounded be would station brief, service except…the Afamiliar to eat. something and for arest journey their break drivers car and highway, truck where station’. Th service motorway security a‘high 1994, todesign In wewereasked werequite unusual. some of which commissions, and requests with bombarded was practice the From inception, its beginning. the in experience of practical lack relative and youth for our compensated more than advantages circumstantial the practice boldly established methods, working and culture itself of language, understanding asTogether an an with organization with ‘know-how’. process. design building the in required specialists of the many with Th contacts and fi the in experienced considered was practice the Britain, in origins professional toits Due specialization. than rather required were skills broad-based where beginning, just was moment era at the anew when Th of acity. expansion the even and centre, expo and sqm trading toa6million apartment, two-bedroom and pavilion pool a small strategies. Th development and consultation, planning urban houses, private facilities, sports centres, retail stations, petrol buildings, public blocks, residential complexes, use offi included: of work body has the of practice years 20 the Over technique. that there is no particular specialization apparent It immediately is viewed. projects and buildings of the in nature a buildingmultifarious typology or architectural the is factors striking one most of the of work body enmasse, atthe looking When diverse. was of works scale and type the that 1, Map noted where it was of Practice areview via generated been a whole. It has Th are the reasons behind it? What doesthe body of work comprise andwhat is diversity is a key consequence of working in Russia (an emerging market), market), (an emerging Russia in of working consequence akey is diversity is is is one of a series of chapters of series a of one is is Chapter 7, ‘The Accumulation of Skills’ and Chapter 8, ‘Happy Families.’ Families.’ ‘Happy 8, Chapter and ofSkills’ 7, Accumulation Chapter ‘The Map’, Practice ‘The 3, Chapter ofwork: body practices the on reflecting 1 Chapters ese project and building types also vary widely in size and scale – from –from scale and size in widely vary also types building and project ese e client’s request was to design a facility on the main main on the afacility todesign eclient’s was request 1 which refl which ects on the practice’s body of work as as work of body practice’s the on ects is in turn led to more expansion in eld – we had access to information toinformation access –we had eld ce buildings, mixed- ese Domodedovo Airport. Concept for new new for Concept Airport. Domodedovo Exoil. Design for series of petrol ofpetrol series for Design Exoil. stations, 1999 (Ask Architects). (Ask 1999 stations, passenger air terminal, 1998 terminal, air passenger (Alsop Architects). international film festival to be held in Dvortsovaya Ploschad, St St Ploschad, Dvortsovaya in held tobe festival film international Golden Angel Film Festival. Design of temporary facility for for facility oftemporary Design Festival. Film Angel Golden Petersburg, 2006 (McAdam Architects). (McAdam 2006 Petersburg, for new stadium and sports complex, complex, sports and stadium new for Salekhard Hockey Stadium. Concept Siberia, 2011 (McAdam Architects). (McAdam 2011 Siberia, 12. TheArtofElasticity 12.

123 124 12. TheArtofElasticity 12. Th pronounced: Th notwould approve location. the these fi Th fi international for an lm festival. structures temporary and church, aCatholic complex, sports and stadium ahockey terminal, air for passenger amajor designs completed essay, also wehave of this beginning mentioned atthe of typologies list basic the from Apart practice’s work. of the feature aperpetual been has Elasticity the advice and input of a friend and colleague, Mark Fisher Mark colleague, and input of afriend and advice the spheres of fast moving events and complex logistics. We were fortunate to be able into the to the draw architecture from away on focus it diverted as research, and of adaptability terms project in his own practice as diverse and varied. He alluded to the fact that they they that fact tothe He alluded varied. and diverse as practice own his in aspecifi in of conditions byaset but one formed trait, acommon is this We that donot believe situations. of avariety to attentions its turn quickly to practice the allows respond and research adapt, to ability the where ofinterest, point key the is Elasticity that wesurmise experiences, own ofTom’s light In our accurate. and words, and astute both observations We these considered environment. built for the of visions purveyor as roles toone profession of original its the toreturn re-imagined be should architect rolehow of the the UK.” inthe projects infrastructural and initiatives inlarge-scale interests than Specialists, and that Ploschad 2011, where this quality was labeled ‘Elasticity’ by Kate Heron byKate ‘Elasticity’ labeled 2011, was quality this where Th tasks. design varying Th work. toour attribute adesirable became it also anecessity, initially was diversity and range this While has been discussed on numerous levels throughout the research process. At his fi his At process. research the throughout levels 2014, Ghent April in program, Tom Research Holbrook Practice for the numerous on discussed been has e fi is idea of this Elasticity has much in common with the notion of the role of the ‘Generalist’. Th ‘Generalist’. the of role the of notion the with common in much has Elasticity this of idea is is subject was discussed at length at Practice Research Symposium Two, Symposium Research Ghent, November atPractice atlength discussed was subject is lm festival, planned to be directed by Andrey Konchalovsky Andrey by directed be to planned festival, lm elds. Th e practice built a reputation for being highly capable, and able to tackle a multitude of amultitude able totackle and capable, highly for areputation being built epractice 4 , the main square in front of the Hermitage front of in the square main , the c environment. c environment. “beer-swilling fi “beer-swilling e design was completed in 2005, but the event was suspended as the city authorities authorities city the as suspended event was but 2005, the in completed was edesign program, RMIT University. Research ofPractice Candidate of5thStudio. Director architect, practicing 7 Tom Holbrook: 1992. in Imagination Project at Participant bands. rock large for design set stage for well-known architect British Fisher: 6 Mark Petersburg. St Museum, Art State Russian 5 Hermitage: shot. were Revolution of1917 images and film infamous where Location Petersburg. St in ofHermitage front in square –main Ploschad 4 Dvortsovaya Russia. in figure cultural and political Important 1990s. the in toRussia returning before Hollywood in worked who producer, and director film Russian-American Konchalovsky: 3 Andrey 2011–present. Barcelona, Ghent, Symposia, Research Practice member, Panel London. ofWestminster, University ofArchitecture, Department ofthe Head and Professor 2 KateHeron: as Generalists it was diffi itwas Generalists as lmgoers should not be allowed to party in the living room of St Petersburg!” ofSt room living inthe party to beallowed not should lmgoers e director of the Hermitage, Mikhail Piotrovsky emotionally emotionally Piotrovsky Mikhail Hermitage, of the edirector cult for [our] practice to progress with its main main its with progress to for[our]cult practice 5 . For the practice, it was a most extreme extreme amost it was practice, . For the 6 , who had unprecedented experience in in experience unprecedented , who had 2 3 . , was to be held on Dvortsovaya held on tobe Dvortsovaya , was He went on to discuss “were Generalists rather “were 7 described the work of the described nal nal examination is architectural profession? categorized andpositioned in the How canthe practice be 13. What Architect? 126 McAdam Architects. Architects. McAdam Research Symposium Four, Ghent, November November Four, Ghent, Symposium Research 2012. Sketch diagram showing collaborative collaborative showing Sketch diagram 2012. process with all participants linked bya linked participants all with process 13. WhatArchitect? collaboration hub or ‘chat room’. ‘chat or hub collaboration What Architect? Practice Practice fi Th positioned inthearchitectural profession? How canthe practice becategorized and At Practice Research Symposium Six, Barcelona, November 2013, Kester Rattenbury Kester 2013, November Barcelona, Six, Symposium Research Practice At offi abranch via or sold exported simply are services where business or international not aglobal into taking locations, of number a in diff account operated has It specialization. particular no Th (viewing the work for the fi work for the the (viewing In many ways we strive to be a conventional practice, where architectural commissions commissions architectural where practice, for designs producing out astudio in carried services professional and conventional received a are be to strive we ways many In circumstances”. unconventional invery operated but beconventional to strived which one was practice ndings e practice is involved in a wide range of buildings and project typologies with with typologies project and of buildings range awide in involved is epractice inking about the practice’s activities and the body of work, and considering the the considering of work, and body the and activities practice’s the about inking 1 of our research, we must pose a basic question: question: abasic pose wemust research, of our Environment, Westminster University, London. University, Westminster Environment, Built ofthe Faculty writer. and critic, journalist, architectural Rattenbury: 2 Kester ofElasticity. Art The Skills, of Accumulation The of Practice, Endeavours –The tochapters referring 1 Findings: erent localities, but with an international base or Yet approach. base it is international an but with erent localities, ce. rst time) hit the nail on the head, surmising that: that: surmising head, on the nail the hit time) rst What type of architect are we? “the 2

and sometimes assist in enabling conventional practice. conventional enabling in assist sometimes and undertakings into serious develop often will but they some do, and materialize, out aspecifi set and opportunities identify approach, where weintuitively entrepreneurial an It is publications. and exhibitions seminars, programs, educational consultations, often engage in structured activities like brief-writing, development strategies, work, we toproject aprecursor as situation’ ‘normal this tocreate attempt an In environment. professional unique own our ‘own our culture’, and of creating tothat analogous is and activity, practice’s the in atrait is topractice which in situation a ‘normal’ infl will which plan a grand or initiating clients, educating projects, –byinstigating way’ anormal ‘in practice fi Consequently, weoften attainable. from far is practice conventional of work, astraightforward location specifi our However, projects. background, due toour building c road map or strategy to move them forward. Not all of these ideas ideas of these Not all forward. tomove them or strategy map croad nd ourselves trying to engineer situations in which to uence change in years to come. Th tocome. years in change uence is theme of creating c circumstances and and c circumstances McAdam Architects. Research Symposium Four, Ghent, November November Four, Ghent, Symposium Research 2011. Sketch diagram showing 19th century century 19th showing diagram Sketch 2011. architect at the centre of the design and and design ofthe centre atthe architect 13. WhatArchitect? What Architect? Architect? What realisation process. realisation Practice Practice

127 128 Pool pavilion, Caesarea. Caesarea. pavilion, Pool Pool pavilion, Caesarea. Caesarea. pavilion, Pool west elevation. Photo by James McAdam, 2012. McAdam, byJames Photo elevation. west first floor study in main house. Photo by James byJames Photo house. main in study floor first 13. WhatArchitect? View looking across to across looking View Pool and pavilion from from pavilion and Pool McAdam, 2012. McAdam, additions to a private house in Caesarea in house toaprivate additions and pavilion pool new the was partnership desirable of this example A good architect. tothe whole control of process the entrust will and partners, business as almost us treat will who (individuals) clients our with relationships to develop We project. for the prefer consultant lead the and architect master –the process design and of aproject team centre atthe stands who professional entrusted an realized that in many ways the practice aspires to that of wehave the techniques, 19th professional and century activities preferred of our architect: consideration In The 19th century architect in London, as well as being in control of the design process. design of control the in being as well London, as in for development properties and sites select tocreatively us allows Developments, Th fund. estate areal with apartnership forging Following role further, this We taken subsequently have specialisation. apractice was this occasions. that numerous on manner Four, Symposium Ghent, November 2012, in atPractice werealised discussions century) (19th this in worked have We retractable glazed doors. used are a simple combination of local Jerusalem of local asimple combination are used contains an enclosed fi half other the while dining, for external structure open pergola is pavilion the of Half Sea. Mediterranean the towards west directly views with pool, to anew parallel positioned is and wide, metres four long and 25 volume, metres storey Th Israel. in city coastal asmall in house large of a garden the in pavilion and pool for aswimming was project of this Part results. the with happy very ultimately and absent, virtually trusting, –was occasions on worked four we have Th end. atthe of keys ahand-over and process, the during updates monthly with project, of the beginning atthe wereexpressed budget and 4 Jerusalem stone: type of sandstone from which the Wailing Wall is built. Wall is Wailing the which from ofsandstone type stone: 4 Jerusalem Port. aRoman Originally Tel Haifa. Aviv and between town coastal 3 Caesarea: tness room, showers and changing facilities. Th facilities. changing room, and showers tness 3 , Israel (2011–2012)., Israel brief Asite, verbal e pavilion is a rectangular, single- arectangular, is epavilion is partnership, known as MBBK MBBK as known partnership, is 4 stone, cedarwood shutters, and and shutters, stone, cedarwood e client – with whom –with eclient e materials 13. WhatArchitect? Photo by James McAdam, 2012. McAdam, byJames Photo Caesarea Aquaduct ,

129 130 13. WhatArchitect? Plan of Plan Pool pavilion, Caesarea pavilion, Pool . Pool pavilion, Caesarea. Caesarea. pavilion, Pool west elevation, showing ‘Jerusalem showing elevation, west Photos by James McAdam, 2012. McAdam, byJames Photos stone’ cladding. cladding. stone’ Pergola on 13. WhatArchitect?

131 132 Red October Red plots, prepared by McAdam Architects, 2006. Architects, byMcAdam prepared plots, 13. WhatArchitect? . Briefing documents for individual individual for documents . Briefing briefi October Chocolate Factory Chocolate October Red of the reconstruction the was of collaboration sort of this example A good benefi huge of is wefi others, byinvolving contribution aricher making Besides toparticipate. architects other invite often wewill events, and seminars, initiatives, in involved weare where Equally, architects. involve other readily input, we will benefi would project the that it clear or is if required, is aspecialist if project, urban alarge-scale in involved is practice the when example, For practicalities. sense of common pursuit the profession, and the in relationships competition. Th we have also realized techniques, professional and that activities preferred of our we investigation further In have a preference for collaboration as opposed to Collaboration France, and Germany Russia, Britain, from of We practices client. acombination the chose with process pre-qualifi alogical went through and buildings, the design nine existing buildings. WeTh then proposed to invite eight selected architects to plots. site building into eight the wedivided evolved, concept plan were an inherent problem of Moscow which issues parking and development. transport toaddress other the and werelisted), they As diagrams for the master sure (and tomake value site on were of the historical buildings which to establish – one high-profi this two surveys with forward commissioned we le First project. way best the tounderstand and adevelopment strategy toformulate client the assisting advisor, and planner master brief, open as an given We wereinitially boulevard. acentral along facilities, sports private and galleries cafes, shops, 350 and fl 150 new including apartments loft-style metres, square Th living. modern and architecture in alandmark represent Moscow, would in and Th Kremlin. of the south-west immediately island on an located factory, chocolate Th site. October Red for the buildings todesign architects European briefi plans, ageneral prepared toeight invitations practice and documents ng project the For this 2006. in development and strategy plan amaster to propose e plots were based on the existing pattern of the factory layout and incorporated incorporated layout and factory of the pattern existing on the eplots werebased e brief was to provide 500 high-spec residential units, totalling around 100,000 100,000 around totalling units, residential high-spec 500 toprovide was ebrief e development was to become the most desired and prestigious place to live tolive place prestigious and desired most the tobecome edevelopment was development site on of the a19th century residential for alarge was eproject ng documents and assisted the client with the appointment of each participant. participant. appointment of the each with client the assisted and documents ng Project Meganom, Willen Associates, McAdam Architects. McAdam Associates, Willen Meganom, Project 11, 2workshop Mosproject Partner, Stormer Jan Associes, et Wilmotte Partners, and Foster Nouvel, Jean Ateliers October: atRed buildings todesign appointed 6 Architects Moscow. central in Canal and River Moscow between peninsula on located factory century 19th Factory: Chocalate October 5 Red e reason for this is a combination of the desire to foster exchange and and exchange tofoster desire of the acombination is for this ereason t to the practice in terms of social and professional development. professional and of social terms in practice t tothe 6 to design the buildings. Subsequently we prepared detailed detailed prepared we Subsequently buildings. the design to 5 in central Moscow, where the practice was appointed was Moscow, practice where the central in t from a varied design design avaried t from cation and negotiation nd that collaboration collaboration nd that ats, along with with along ats, Wilmotte, with whom we have continued discourse today; secondly by furthering furthering by secondly environment. development urban of the toa sensitive were crucial today; discourse contributions varied and of ideas exchange the where continued notion of collaboration, the have we whom with Wilmotte, Jean-Michel Nouvel and Jean particular in architects, other with contact forging We profession. benefi architectural Russian the of ‘regeneration’ subject on the within discourse positive instigated and press international of the attention tothe atlarge city the and October Red brought Th is was a ground-breaking moment for Moscow real estate development. It tted from this in two ways; fi ways; two in this from tted rstly by rstly century brick factory buildings clearly clearly buildings factory brick century and Vodo’otvodny Canal (right). 19th 19th (right). Canal Vodo’otvodny and Architecture News, November 2006. November News, Architecture An aerial view of the peninsula from from peninsula ofthe view aerial An the south, with Moscow River (left) (left) River Moscow with south, the selected to prepare designs, 2006. designs, toprepare selected Red October. October. Red 13. WhatArchitect? Red October. October. Red prepared by McAdam Architects identifying plots and architects architects and plots identifying seen across the centre ofsite. centre the across seen Axonometric model Article from World World from Article

133 134 for a new residential neighbourhood on on neighbourhood residential anew for Nagatino I-Land. River. Concept made in collaboration: collaboration: in made River. Concept the site of ZIL the factory on Moskva Moskva on factory ofZILthe site the Architects, All Design (Will Alsop). (Will Design All Architects, McAdam Architects, Ginzburg Ginzburg Architects, McAdam 13. WhatArchitect? Closed competition competition Closed Aleksey Ginzburg Valery Goloverov and Irina Goloverova Irina GoloverovValery and Th colleagues. and friends, of architects, anumber with on projects partners as October, collaborated of wehave Red example the Besides Practice refl On further of an architectural practice, and that in the course of research this is worthwhile worthwhile is this research of course the in that environment. and ofaprofessional context the rolein its understanding in exercise practice, architectural an of modes operating the to clarity give can investigation such that We suggest would either in that practice. to which within environments understand social and to situations was process this ‘normal’ We create to endeavour conventional. be to strives from practice the case, revelation main the However, collaboration. done in are projects regeneration or planning urban larger the whereas architect, 19th work of the the century normally are projects residential private the Logically, work. practice the and roles refl On Collaborator. the and architect 19th of the century werethat practice of roles the dominant Four,Symposium Ghent November 2012. in Th Th cases. all almost in rewarding enjoyable and Stormer e subject – What Architect? – was investigated and discussed at Practice Research Research atPractice discussed and investigated –was Architect? –What esubject 7 9 that form through collaboration, are essential features of our practice. practice. of our features essential are collaboration, through form that , Aleksey Ginzburg , Aleksey Moisey Ginzburg. architect, ofConstructivist Grandson Moscow. architect, practicing Ginzburg: Aleksey 10 Germany. Hamburg, architect, practicing well-known Stormer: 9 Jan Russia. Krasnodar, planner, urban and Architect mother. Kalinina’s Goloverova: 8 Irina level. asimilar on communicate and work who oflike mind, professionals creative or ofarchitects group ofPractice: 7 Communities ection we have found that collaboration, and the Communities of Communities the and collaboration, that found wehave ection ection we can see that there is a coherent link between these these between acoherent is link there that see wecan ection 10 , and Will Alsop. We have found this process to be tobe process We this Alsop. found have Will , and 8 , Alexander Skokan (AB Ostozhenka) Jan Jan Ostozhenka) (AB Skokan , Alexander ere, we that the two recognized ese include: Eugene Asse, Asse, Eugene include: ese New directions in practice also ran a small fl asmall ran also offi architectural Afull-blown on Russia. werefocused Prior to 2007, activities practice with property acquisition and procurement of furniture and accessories. and of furniture procurement and acquisition property with assistance involved even this some cases In tocompletion. refurbishment through ideas initial from in service: atotal we wereproviding work and broadening was our of practice to contrast in Th specialised, not changed. had adaptation and and of learning Moscow, but processes our focused were London in activities Our offi London the in projects residential on such working members fi the in designers and toemployWe more architects began projects. residential high-spec in involved suppliers and builders, of consultants, community into awider tosettle practice the enabled works these Furthermore, hindrances. negligible only with delivery project and quality, on design, concentrate able to tobe adelight it was experiences, Moscow some of our After process. building the in niggles and bureaucracies byminor wewereunfazed and expected, as weregenerally coordination project and matters, contractual methods, design –planning, process learning this in no Wemajor surprises Britain. experienced in of practice nuances the understand and tolearn opportunity the provided they importantly, Most design. in unrestrictive and weresubstantial projects these the ambitionspractice, of not work fulfi did this architectural the l on.so Whilst and Kent, in toahouse Surrey, alterations in pavilion Vale, and apool Maida in apartments large London –two around and in houses and apartments high-spec contacts. Th Russian existing through projects for residential of commissions aseries with began Th Britain. in activities its upscaled slowly has 2007,Since practice the of ‘the scene’. part considered be could and apresence wehad Britain, practice of which we are part today. we Whilst were not physically practising in of community the partners: and contacts develop and tomaintain us it allowed afl However, maintaining to this. eff little applications, planning small-scale and studies feasibility of ahandful from todevelop, so, apart years probably take would which endeavour time-consuming and acomplex as Britain in practice actual wesaw time, this At practice. future for possible To Britain in afoothold as act • Russia. in a presence with architect for an looking organisations) corporate (in particular clients To ahub for international as serve • London. in aheadquarters with international, was practice the that businesses and clients toRussian To signify • Th a secretary. ce of 15 or more staff 15 more of or ce e projects generally involved refurbishment and interior design of interior design and refurbishment involved generally eprojects is is offi y-in offi y-in ce had three main purposes: purposes: main three had ce worked intensely out of a studio in central Moscow. We central in out of astudio intensely worked ce in London, intermittently staff y-in London offi London y-in

ce was key to future practice as as practice tofuture key was ce ed by an architect and eld, having eight staff ort was aff was ort ce in 2012.in ce is development e scope orded orded

Pool house, Surrey Surrey house, Pool Apartment interior, Maida Vale, London London Vale, Maida interior, Apartment 13. WhatArchitect? (McAdam Architects), 2009. Architects), (McAdam (McAdam Architects), 2010. Architects), (McAdam

135 136 This diagram shows how participation on the the on participation how shows diagram This Practice Victorian house, Highgate, London London Highgate, house, Victorian trajectory - the initiation of an ‘Architectural ‘Architectural ofan initiation -the trajectory Practice Research Program informed a new anew informed Program Research Practice Architectural development ofa development Architectural McAdam Architects. Architects. McAdam (MBBK Developments), 2014. 13. WhatArchitect? . Practice Research Symposium Six, Six, Symposium Research . Practice Barcelona, November, 2013 November, Barcelona, Development’ company. New Directions in in Directions New and strategic overseer for the future development of London and other cities. development other of London and future for the overseer strategic and avisionary –as discussions these role amajor play in should architect the surely We opinions. that feel contradictory and fragmented in resulting consultants, estate real and economists, bypoliticians, led often are discussions these that noticed also city. for the We have planning strategic in overview and vision of cohesive lack a is there abound, detail professional and studies comprehensive whilst that, are todate process on this thoughts Development. Our of Economic Institute the and of Urbanism Academy the exchange: for this forums particular two in involved development of London. We future for the are faced challenges on the focused presently are and environment urban about the discussions broad-based and debates in We toparticipate developmentcontinue strategies. city and planning urban in interests our maintaining weare activity, of practice path new tothis parallel In topractice. which in situation fi complete our wewill developer architectural an as and of MBBK Developments, Th trajectory). of practice (see diagram process Th practice. architectural residential in role by led vision, development with in our –toengage process end of the atthe sales and extend to decided we marketing and 2013, beginning, atthe In acquisition or land property toencompass projects development. practice in step new adventurous topre-empt an us enabled process, PRS the with coincidence Refl cycle of activities identifi this purpose. Th for tools useful especially proved tobe of Endeavours Diagram and Map Practice Th activity. for future ground testing atheoretical as process the utilised also Symposia (PRS), so as we refl trajectory. Th of a change required wedesperately and weredwindling Russia in activities our 2011, in awatershed reached program had practice research the the webegan When rst project in 2015. Once again, we have achieved progress through creating a creating through progress 2015. in project achieved rst wehave again, Once ecting academically on our recent experience in residential projects, and its its and projects, residential in experience recent on our academically ecting is need was at the forefront of our minds during the Practice Research Research Practice the during forefront minds of our atthe was need is ey revealed clues to the next steps in practice development in the the development in practice in steps next tothe clues revealed ey is natural progression was directly informed by the PRS PRS by the informed directly was progression natural is ed as practice traits. traits. practice as ed ected on the work and essence of our practice, we practice, of our essence work and on the ected is activity is now ‘live’ in the form form the in ‘live’ now is activity is e for years to come? create the basisof practice How canonesingle event 14. Project Imagination 138 14. Project Imagination Th possible. extraordinary something moment tomake ataparticular together comes story. Very of rarely, circumstances aset success any and career development professional of the any in conspire happenings and ataspecifi place right the in it tobe is international possibilities. Th possibilities. international USSR to the Union, opened had Soviet of the Party Communist of the Secretary for students graduating architectural adiffi been had nineties early the backdrop, optimistic tothe contrast In Russia. and Britain both in architecture on in going was of what understanding an had so and respectively, of Architecture, School Th mood. collaborative contribute tothis and in toparticipate position perfect the werein 1991, in Kalinina and exchange astudent completed Having McAdam new, on the tenuous contacts. tocapitalise keen institutions Russian and Western organizations both with wereabundant, exchanges and conferences Seminars, involved. tobe eager and intrigued was outside everyone and connections international tomake excited was Russia in Everyone emerge. to about was Russia excitement. Anew, amomentIt of democratic great was Union no exist. longer would Soviet the that announced and reins In practice for years to come? How canonesingle event create the basisof day. Project Imagination happened instead. happened day. Imagination Project of light the seen never and practices, large in intojobs unquestioningly moved probably have would Kalinina and McAdam nineties, early of the recession the Th situation. positive ahugely was this Ironically, practices. various employment with 1991, in graduated of low-paid having intermittent atime it was particular, in ey had spent several months at Moscow Architectural Institute and Canterbury Canterbury and Institute Architectural atMoscow months spent several had ey e Berlin Wall had fallen in November 1989. Mikhail Gorbachev November 1989. in fallen had Wall Mikhail eBerlin rough days of anxiety and austerity, there was time to sit and strategize. Without strategize. tosit and time was there austerity, and of anxiety days rough Outliers – Th recession followed a boom period in the late 1980s. late the in period aboom followed recession The prices. house falling and rates interest byhigh caused of1990–92: recession 3 UK 1991–1999. Federation Russian ofthe president first Yeltsin (1931–2007): 2 Boris 1985–1991. Union Soviet ofthe President only the and leader last Gorbachev: 1 Mikhail e Story of Success (2008) (2008) ofSuccess eStory en in August 1991, August enin Yeltsin Boris c moment in time, and how a series of events of events how aseries and c moment time, in

3 , Malcolm Gladwell describes how important how important describes Gladwell , Malcolm . Th ere was very little work. For McAdam For work. McAdam little very erewas 2 had taken over the over the taken had 1 , then General General , then cult time Project Imagination Project 14. Project Imagination event, November 1992, designed by designed 1992, November event, . Poster for the Moscow Moscow the for . Poster James McAdam. James

139 140 Letter from Mark Fisher referring to brochures tobrochures referring Fisher Mark from Letter to be used at the Project Imagination event, event, Imagination Project atthe used to be 14. Project Imagination November 1992. November Russian Avant-Garde Russian News of Project Imagination reached Catherine Cooke Catherine reached of Imagination Project News architects. British of well-known weresent toanumber part Moscow. leafl ahomemade Notepaper and by fellow graduate, Nick Bell werejoined Kalinina and McAdam momentum. gathered operation the From there, participants. suitable other with communicate and to suggest began Alison developed, arrangements As Peter participate. she and would both With eyebrows, raised Alison confi offi the alone let anyone, with talk small (who rejected Alison Smithson. Alison with discussed when understood proposition wereonly was of the it details that and timing the idea, agreed a good generally everyone Whilst Architecture. of School Canterbury for Alison and Peter and Smithson for Alison worked McAdam time, the At Canterbury. in together spent weekends architects young two the when deliberated and discussed was idea the months, For several Institute. Architectural atMoscow lectures give and workshops toMoscow, run architects Th press releases, and making posters and leafl and posters making and releases, press for workshops, briefs writing Cambridge, in ather house Bell and McAdam with morning the in four until She worked hands-on. and full Her involvement was athand. tasks tothe impetus much press, giving of Imagination, Project co-organiser and architectural the in apartner became thereby Catherine program. seminar and workshops ensuing the coverage encouraged content on the of advised and sponsors, and participants with Catherine meetings attended event. of status the lift to e idea was very simple, but logistically daunting: take a group of leading British British of agroup leading take daunting: but simple, logistically very was eidea and the 1930s. the and 1900 between architecture and art waveofmodern influencial Avant Garde: 7 Russian architecture. Modernist and Avant-Garde ofRussian ascholar (1942–2004): Cooke 6 Catherine ofArchitecture. School atCanterbury Kalinina, and ofMcAdam student fellow Bell: 5 Nick 1960s. and 1950s ofthe Brutalism with Associated renown. ofinternational practice architectural British Smithson: Peter and 4 Alison ce junior) took an active interest in the proposed Moscow venture. 7 . On hearing the details of the proposition, she committed proposition, of committed she the details the . Onhearing 5 . Th 4 e event was given a name – Project Imagination Imagination –Project aname given was eevent and Kalinina was completing her diploma at completing was Kalinina and rmed that, if the initiative came to fruition, tofruition, came initiative the if that, rmed et were printed, and invitations to take ets for the event. for the ets 6 , the leading scholar in in scholar leading , the 14. Project Imagination

141 142 Alison Smithson reading the keynote speech on Project Imagination, Imagination, Project Theo Crosby (left) and Peter Smithson (right) (right) Smithson Peter and (left) Crosby Theo workshop presentation, wearing red pioneer’s pioneer’s red wearing presentation, workshop Ian Ritchie (left) and Will Alsop (right) ata (right) Alsop Will and (left) Ritchie Ian 14. Project Imagination exchanging words at the event. atthe words exchanging the opening evening. opening the November 1992 November scarves. and Ove Arup and Partners and Arup Ove and Polly Hope, Ivor Richards, Will Alsop, Ian Ritchie, Mark Fisher, Richard Horden, Fisher, Mark Richard Ritchie, Ian Alsop, Will Polly Hope, Ivor Richards, Th Smithson, Peter & Alison organization, of months after Finally, eff superhuman Institute. Th by with Kalinina some little support from the International Department directly arranged was entertainment, and transport of provision food, work spaces, Prospekt. Th Leninsky at hostel student the in rooms, shared in provided be would Accommodation workshops. the torun counterparts British their upwith wereto team groups, Th for aweek. Imagination Project in engage Th ease. relative with forward moved Institute the within arrangements preliminary distributed, clearly tasks Rector, and bythe signed been order had an but since complicated, and unclear was Institute of aSoviet bureaucracy the with Kudriavtsev) (Alexander Rector tothe Imagination Project announced had they together and autumn, early in visited had McAdam of deportation. threat under to Moscow toreturn forced been and Canterbury in her studies completed had Kalinina materialize. would operation the of part second how the –and Moscow end in other atthe happening was of what Th press. architectural British of students from the Architectural Association Architectural the from of students Th Sponsorship to cover fl tocover Sponsorship e dates were set for 2–7 November, for 2–7 agroup wereset and 1992. edates Twenty architects British e plan was for the entire fi entire for the was eplan international relations and communications. and relations international for –off responsible Institute, Department Architectural 11 International Moscow at ice Construction. and ofArchitecture Academy ofRussian President 1986–2007. from Institute Architectural ofMoscow Rector Kudriavtsev: Alexander 10 headquarters in London. with group engineering multi-national multidisciplinary, &Partners: Arup 9 Ove architects. renowned ofmany origin the as noted London, in school architectural independent Association: 8 Architectural is was an unimaginable undertaking at the time, but through her but through time, atthe undertaking unimaginable an was is 10 and other contacts at Moscow Architectural Institute. Working Institute. Architectural atMoscow contacts other and orts all practical matters passed without incident. without passed matters practical all orts is, and other practical matters, including preparation of preparation including matters, practical other and is, ights and expenses was in place from Th from place in was expenses and ights 9 e only drawback was that the team had little idea idea little had team the that was drawback eonly fth year to suspend its regular studies in order to in studies regular its tosuspend year fth . Project Imagination had been announced in the the in announced been had Imagination . Project e professors, along with their student student their with along eprofessors, 8 wereconfi rmedasparticipants. e British Council eBritish eo Crosby and 11 11 of the the of 11

over language, food and transport. Th transport. and food over language, Stones’ stage sets. Th sets. Stones’ stage Rolling Floyd’s for the Pink and designs about his lecture him tosee students acrowd of over athousand Fisher drew –Mark enmasse wereattended Lectures era. of anew beginning the it was that commented tutors younger Some a festival. Th upside-down. Institute the turned Imagination Project Institute. for the toilets todesign was forward way only the that decided building, the around looked Fisher, Mark having balloons; own Horden his brought Richard architecture; studying and enjoyment teaching in Khrustalev Aleksey counterpart, headstrong bytheir wereabandoned and fabric city the diff completely something todo decided parties both others in and suggestions, totheir adapted architects British the others in adapted, they some cases In projects. own their proposed Th trashed! foyer was entrance main day, the werebroken next and for the windows spaces to prepare it diffi making this Besides Institute. atthe hall main the in concert arock was there opening, the before night tone, the To week. surreal the set abizarre It was fi for the Moscow grey, acold, snowy in London), arrived College (University Bartlett one the from and Association Architectural the from students Germany, nine from journalist Mick Brundell, Patricia Hey, McCarthy, Christopher Melanie Katrodutis, Simon Heron,Mull, George Hilbrandt, Robert Bunschoten, Raoul Hawley, Nat Chard, CJLim, Christine Jeremy a Peacock, journalist from the Architects Journal, a e Russian professors, despite receiving briefi despite receiving professors, eRussian 13 Olga Petunina: professor, Chair of Urban Design, Moscow Architectural Institute. Architectural Moscow Design, ofUrban Chair professor, Petunina: Olga 13 Architectural Institute. Moscow Architecture, ofIndustrial Chair professor, Khrustalev: 12 Aleksey 17 ; Ian Ritchie was virtually adopted by Olga Petunina byOlga adopted virtually was Ritchie ; Ian rst week of November 1992. week rst ere were parties every night. Th night. every erewereparties erent. Th erent. e Smithsons were set on making a study of astudy on making wereset eSmithsons ere were unforgettable moments –one erewereunforgettable ng papers and workshop themes, themes, workshop and papers ng ere were misunderstandings ereweremisunderstandings e atmosphere was one of was eatmosphere 18 in a quest for aquest in cult List of British and Russian Participants Participants Russian and ofBritish List 14. Project Imagination English and Russian (+ 300 students (+ Russian students and 300 English as it appeard on Exhibition Panels in in Panels Exhibition on appeard it as from Moscow)

143 144 14. Project Imagination the Russian journal journal Russian the Ruth Owens described the events in in events the described Owens Ruth architectural circles. Moscow in today retains still Imagination Project which London’ –amoniker Years of Th ‘After Six entitled: article mention of the ‘festival’ enjoyed by participants. enjoyed byparticipants. ‘festival’ mention of the little with contexts, educational and political straightforward event in the approached it that in serious, surprisingly was coverage press atmosphere, joyous the Against Th afl as and bythis, distracted most was Kalinina Institute. of the spaces and buildings various the between forth and back running and problems, logistical resolving wereconstantly tutors, assistant as workshops chosen with engaging alongside who organisers, for the task exhausting and ahuge was Imagination Project hostel. tothe back transport traditional of more lieu in of asnow onto back truck the climbed tenparticipants at least of agroup restaurants, one new in of Moscow’s obscure adinner after evening to help consider the contexts of proposed buildings. ofproposed contexts the consider help to sketching students her took Hey Melanie own. oftheir photographs and objects slides, with orsite ofabuilding image agiven to responding by indesign of individuality ideas the explore to students invited AA the from Katrodutis George and Heron Simon Th by considered were improvements scale small and Refurbishments photographs. exposure long taking and limbs their to lights fairy attaching by situations various out acting ofstudents movement the recorded London ofEast University the C JLim from and Nat Chard movement, human to interiors building relate to ofaproject part As flminimal area. oor ona institute forthe block toilet ahigh-tech yielded buildings existing transform to project design 24-hour Fisher’s Mark and Ian Ritchie pragmatically, more Somewhat collaboration. of models as ventures joint design to students Russian and AA of groups upsmall set AA the from Mull Robert and Bunschoten Raoul graduate. they when copewith to have will students which world the to relevance more with one to approach Many of the visitors’ projects sought to divert the Russians from their broad-brush is in itself was some feat! was itself in is uent bilingual architect she translated all of the major lectures at the event. event. atthe major lectures of the all she translated architect uent bilingual Architekturny Vestnik Architekturny inking Big, What Next for Russia?’ Whereas Whereas Russia?’ for Next What Big, inking Th e Architects Journal eArchitects labeled the event Th e Architects Journal eArchitects , 25 November 1992: ‘ Th eo Crosby’s group. e Invasion from from eInvasion released an Excerpt from exhibition panel for workshop run run workshop for panel exhibition from Excerpt by Will Alsop (right of centre), Vsevolod Kulish ofcentre), Kulish (right Vsevolod Alsop by Will Project Imagination article in in article Imagination Project 14. Project Imagination (left) and James McAdam James and (left) Journal , November 1992 , November (left ofcentre). (left The Architects Architects The

145 146 Exhibition panel for workshop run by Mark Fisher Fisher byMark run workshop for panel Exhibition Exhibition panel for workshop run by Alison and and byAlison run workshop for panel Exhibition 14. Project Imagination Peter Smithson. Peter and Ian Ritchie. Ian and Georgian architect Niko Djaparidze with of Art, Academy atTbilisi Imagination Project organised Kalinina and took the form of which events, Imagination Project workshops, werefurther there years few next the Over seminars and other initiatives. In 1996 McAdam Konstantin Melnikov heroes of Vkutemas of heroes in the Museum of Moscowof 1993, offi aMoscow opened they Architectural Th summer the old. In Russia. and Britain both in circles years 25 architectural in accepted and Institute, were Kalinina alongside and McAdam drawings by the in London. opening tothe wereinvited Institute the from of professors ahandful arrangement, reciprocal a 1993. As November in Architects British of Institute Royal the at Th versa. vice and participants, British the with contacts tangible them giving students, and architects Russian of young for anumber directions and lives It changed exchange. such in wereinterested sides both when and needed most it when was atatime Russia, new the and of Britain fi the forged Moscow Imagination Project climate. severe Moscow copewith to organized were buildings how understand to used tools ofseveral one –as Stockholm and Edinburgh as latitude same for55° diagram –the path asun North carrying were they basics, to back right Going infl pre-dated which west. the from architecture uences aRussian exploring Moscow, ringed which forts monastic the analyzed Smithsons the ofall, interesting most Perhaps event was similar to the original – Tblisi was unknown territory and at the time, time, atthe and territory unknown was –Tblisi original tothe similar was event e results of Project Imagination were made into an exhibition into an weremade of Imagination Project eresults McAdam and Kalinina in 1990s. in Kalinina and McAdam of employee and Colleague architect. Georgian Niko Djaparidze: 18 renown. ofinternational architect (1890-1974): Melnikov Constructivist 17 Konstantin renown. ofinternational architect Constructivist (1902-1959): Leonidov Ivan 16 birthplace of Constructivism. Most famous Constructivist architects studied there. the as Noted 1920. in Moscow in founded Technical School and Art State Vkhutemas: 15 Zlatkovskaia. Anastasya and Mouline Ilia Goloverova, Alexandra McAdam, byTanya James together Kalinina, put and designed were panels Imagination 14 Project 15 17 and the Constructivist movement, Ivan Leonidov movement, Ivan Constructivist the and . ce for Will Alsop. Th Alsop. for Will ce 18 . Whilst smaller in scale, the format of this of this format the scale, in smaller . Whilst rst real connections between the architects architects the between connections real rst ey had instantly become well-known well-known become instantly had ey e exhibition now hangs now hangs eexhibition 14 which was shown shown was which 16 and population. ‘Action: Housing’ remains a feature of the annual exhibition today. exhibition annual of the afeature ‘Action: remains population. Housing’ general tothe profession of the awareness toincrease was of this idea underlying Th studios. shops and apartments, –houses, projects private of their designs on the architects exhibiting with toconsult public were invited the where event, fi which Imagination Moscow, this is a recognised moment in recent Georgian architectural Th architectural Georgian recent in moment recognised a fi was is and history, incidents. and events memorable with lled this Moscow, Imagination Project with academy. atthe As professors Georgian alongside workshops ran and Th event. (Greece) the Papadopoulos attended Sotiris and (Israel), architects including Eugene Asse and diffi e most recent initiative under the Project Imagination label was ‘Action: Housing’ was label Imagination Project the under initiative recent emost cult to get to. Along with McAdam and Kalinina, a group of international of international agroup Kalinina, and McAdam with to. Along toget cult rst began at the Arch Moscow exhibition of 2002. Th of 2002. exhibition Moscow Arch atthe began rst discuss with a practicing architect. apracticing with discuss to projects their bring can public ofthe members where event free ‘Action:20 Housing’: Architectural Institute. Moscow professor then critic, architectural known best Russia’s Asse: Eugene 19 19 (Russia), Mike Russum (UK), Avie Rahamimoff Avie (UK), Russum Mike (Russia), is was an interactive interactive an was is ey gave lectures e 20

House of Artists, with the banner above above banner the with ofArtists, House 14. Project Imagination View of the main entrance to Central toCentral entrance main ofthe View Project Imagination Tbilisi. Imagination Project that reads: ‘Action: Housing’ Poster for event in 1996, in event for Poster Niko Djaparidze. 15-18 May 2002 May 15-18 designed bydesigned

147 148 14. Project Imagination Project Imagination Project The Architects Journal, Architects The November 1992. November . Article in in . Article that a good debate is often the best way to begin professional relationships. professional begin to way best the often is debate agood that conviction the and responsibility; ofsocial acceptance the ofpractice; communities of creation the in activities roleofpublic the exchange; through of learning process the cultures; two and individuals oftwo input balanced the Practice: Th West. the and Russia between ofborders opening the War and Cold endofthe atthe place took which acelebration was Imagination Project e principles engaged through this event formed the core of the Bicultural Bicultural ofthe core the formed event this through engaged eprinciples of the future practitioner? background to the mental space How important isthe life 15. DarkSatanicMills 150 15. DarkSatanic Mills Central Synagogue, Liverpool, 1960. Liverpool, Synagogue, Central Alistair McAdam. Painting of Painting McAdam. Alistair Coming from the Mill, the from Coming Stephen Lowry, 1930. brought to mind the paintings of Lowry paintings the tomind brought Th environment. Revolution. Th Th werearchitects. neither types, were creative Th researcher. and writer apsychologist, was mother, McAdam, Gloria Mason, the Hollywood star of the 1930s. of the star Hollywood the Mason, James and Wilson Harold Minister Prime them amongst sons, favourite a few a haunting thread through my life and my school hymn. Th hymn. my school and my life through thread a haunting Dreams, ReflDreams, ections this aspect of research, inspiration was drawn from the early sections of sections early the from drawn was inspiration of research, aspect this of discussing course the during Schaik, van Leon supervisor, our with conference In practice. ensuing of our trajectory atthe hints underlying wereany there if see wecould that so exercise a similar out carried Tanya Kalinina, candidate) (and research fellow my partner parallel, 3). Chapter in In (as described Maps Practice the in outlined was which practice, subsequent architectural and background personal between links any to establish 2012. 3, Ghent Symposium April Th in Research at Practice asignifi was Th mental spaceof the future practitioner? How important isthe life background to the a painter and ceramicist, and the Professor of Fine Art at Batley Art College Art atBatley of Fine Professor Art the and ceramicist, and a painter Huddersfi in born I was e following is a brief synopsis of my background. Th of my background. synopsis abrief is efollowing e area in which we lived had risen to prominence during Britain’s Industrial Britain’s Industrial during toprominence risen had welived which in earea cant part of the research program and was discussed and presented presented and discussed was and program research of the part cant e towns were an amalgam of sandstone buildings set in a moorland amoorland in set buildings of sandstone amalgam werean etowns e 19th century textile mills which dominated the landscape landscape the dominated which mills textile e19th century by C. G. Jung G. by C. eld, England, in 1967. My father, Alistair McAdam, was was 1967. in McAdam, England, eld, My father, Alistair 1 . 3 and Blake’s and moorland landscape with settlements settlements with landscape moorland Huddersfield, West Yorkshire. Typical Yorkshire. West Huddersfield, is simple biographic exercise exercise biographic simple is ‘ Jerusalem e purpose of this was was of this epurpose built from local sandstone. local from built e area also boasted boasted also earea ’ 4 . Th ough ough both e last was was elast Memories, Memories, 2 . My 1991 I served as apprentice to Alison & Peter Smithson, and through this, and and this, through &Peter and Smithson, 1991 apprentice toAlison as Iserved by architecture and my A level thesis (1985) Mackintosh thesis Rennie my Alevel and on Charles was by architecture intrigued Ibecame one of my as subjects. art Ichose Alevel At School. Grammar Boys Batley attended level atsecondary and schools, private atlocal educated I was Eiff and of Brunel Scotland. in work the time particular in of engineering, spend feats other and towers to viaducts, in interest tended we toan led turn in Aberdeen, which Bridge, in Rail Forth the with was afascination I developed family father’s my Because named. was house the which after Devon, Th landing. half the on window Tanya Kalinina (as described in Chapter 2– Chapter in (as described Tanya Kalinina it Imet through and exchange of this part Iwas Institute. Architectural Moscow with exchange astudent in topartake of Architecture School Canterbury allowed signifi wereof international Perestroika of advent the and Wall Berlin the of way. 1989, In fall the unforeseen an in path diploma. Th I returned to Canterbury School of design. cabinet Architecture and projects work on small for detailed apassion developed ironically in 1989-91 and grandeur, and scale Ienjoyed York New urban its time. and City exciting an to study York. New in for Th &Associates Allen Gerald 1988-89 with Iinterned During my work of Archigram bythe fascinated Ibecame days early these In of Architecture. School Canterbury Th fl wooden It had for long-gone servants. cellars and attics with property Victorian specifi built area an in was house Our oors, high ceilings, and bay windows, including amagnifi including baywindows, and ceilings, high oors, is was the beginning and from there I moved on to study for the BA(hons) for at the on Imoved tostudy there from and beginning the was is ings were happening in the wider world which would infl would world which wider the in werehappening ings designer and inventor. inventor. and designer theorist, systems architect, neo-futuristic –American (1895-1983) Fuller 8 Buckminster architecture. of writer and teacher, influential architect, –English (1934-2003) Price 7 Cedric Association. Architectural atthe –based 1960s the in formed group -architectural 6 Archigram Britain. in architecture modern on influence considerable had whio designer and architect –Glasgow-based (1868-1928) Mackintosh Rennie 5 Charles hymns. popular and revered most ofEngland’s one 1916, in Parry byHubert Turned (1808). anthem an into Blake byWilliam poem –short 4 ‘Jerusalem’ scenes. ofindustrial paintings for Famous England. Northern Lancashire, in painter (1887-1976) –artist, Lowry 3 Stephen 1970s. and 1960s in England Yorkshire, Northern West in school art –well-reputed College Art 2 Batley 1 Memories, Dreams, Reflections Dreams, Memories, el. 6 , Cedric Price Cedric , is last depicted the high street of Clovelly in 7 and Buckminster Fuller Buckminster and cally for mill owners. It was a large rambling rambling alarge It was owners. for mill cally , C. G. Jung, 1963. Auto-biographical works. works. Auto-biographical 1963. Jung, G. , C. cance. Th ‘Th e easing of international relations relations of international eeasing e Bicultural Practice’ eBicultural 8 . centstained-glass uence my uence ). Th ). is was en in 5 . The harbour, Aberdeen, North-east Scotland. North-east Aberdeen, harbour, The Archigram. Plug-in city, Peter Cook, 1964. Cook, Peter city, Plug-in Archigram. John Fowler and Benjamin baker, 1890. Benjamin and Fowler John 15. DarkSatanic Mills Charles Rennie Macintosh, 1909. Macintosh, Rennie Charles Glasgow School of Art, The Forth Rail Bridge, Rail Forth The

151 152 mini-stall complete with a foldaway canopy in the the in canopy afoldaway with complete mini-stall handle. This in eff in This washandle. Moscow as happened ect Consumerism super-imposed onto Red Square. Square. Red onto super-imposed Consumerism use a shopping trolley which would open into a into open would which trolley ashopping use The proposal was that private vendors would would vendors private that was proposal The inundated by makeshift kiosks in 1992. in kiosks bymakeshift inundated 15. DarkSatanic Mills RIBA student competition 1991. New New 1991. competition RIBA student architectural development: moments of personal important particularly werethree there back, Looking sense) home old at18 (in traditional years out family of the kicked Being - dreams and thought encouraging surroundings -No Passive engineering crafts, arts, in of information collection - A general - specifi practice. Th practice. subsequent our abearing had have surroundings and upbringing, background, Th dissertation. 2of this Chapter in described are these and practice of developments our early on the impacted moments which and Th pointpractice. of our starting the was this retrospect In conceived. was seminar of Moscow, Imagination Project the my experience

e results of this particular biographical study cannot be ignored. Without doubt, ignored. be cannot study biographical particular of this eresults is process revealed a number of important moments in pre-practice life. pre-practice moments in of important anumber revealed process is c career path or direct connections to particular professions toparticular connections or direct path c career ere were further events events erewerefurther in this was working through a set of detailed drawings for the Columbarium for the drawings of detailed a set through working was this in solution. memorable Most aesthetic detailed abeautiful, toachieving dedicated and studied the serious matter of vernacular house design. house of vernacular matter serious the studied and fi light and of cabinets design careful York, the about New In Ilearned Lyndon. Donlyn Moore and Charles with co-written had Allen Th Th fi light and cabinets as such objects, of small design the – including theatres and –churches old buildings of small refurbishment the in specialized off internship the buildings, tall and world avenues of wide this in Ironically, not appeal. did in, thrown modernism study a book – abook study Th St. in boom 1980s late the building London during in practice acommercial jobin Ayear-out Britain. in prospects my alternative than better city. modern Th exciting of an experience ultimate the and world, skyscrapers new York the toNew toexperience onI travelled aquest YorkNew Arthur C. Clarke, diploma course course diploma Clarke, C. Arthur style learned and practiced with with practiced and learned style is was the fi the was is practice. on my approach toarchitectural impact ahuge had experience is project, Canterbury School of James McAdam. A House for for AHouse McAdam. James Architecture, 1990. Drawing Drawing 1990. Architecture, Gerald Allen in New York. New in Allen Gerald omas’ Church on Fifth Avenue. At this time I was also encouraged to encouraged also Iwas time Avenue. this on At Fifth Church omas’ 10 Columbarium – respectful place for storage of ashes, cremated remains. cremated ofashes, storage for place –respectful Columbarium 10 1980s. late the in Britain in development real speculative and boom –property boom building 9 Eighties rst time that I came across an architectural practice which was so so was which practice architectural an across Icame that time rst Th e Place ofHouses ePlace – which the owner of the practice, Gerald Gerald practice, of the owner the –which ered was for a small practice which mainly mainly which practice for asmall was ered 9 , with a touch of atouch post- , with is seemed infi seemed is ttings. ttings, nitely 10 10 ways to build and inhabit houses. Charles Moore, Moore, Charles houses. inhabit and tobuild ways The Place of Houses – three architects suggest 15. DarkSatanic Mills Manhattan skyline, where McAdam McAdam where skyline, Manhattan Gerald Allen, Donlyn Lyndon, 1974. Lyndon, Donlyn Allen, Gerald Columbarium, St. Thomas’ Church, Church, Thomas’ St. Columbarium, Gerald Allen & Associates, 1989. &Associates, Allen Gerald Fifth Avenue, New York. New Avenue, Fifth worked, 1988-89. worked,

153 154 Constructivist architecture. Pravda newspaper newspaper Pravda architecture. Constructivist Robin Hood Garden, East London, Alison Alison London, East Garden, Hood Robin 15. DarkSatanic Mills Economist building, Central London, London, Central building, Economist factory, Panteleimon Golosov, 1935. Golosov, Panteleimon factory, Alison & Peter Smithson, 1965. Smithson, &Peter Alison & Peter Smithson, 1972. Smithson, & Peter (as described in Chapter 14 Chapter in –‘ (as described Imagination Project tokick-start needed contacts and support moral the provided and profession architectural of the Peter meastoic overview gave and Alison astudent. about as learned had fi experienced and Smithsons, the with wereacquainted who architects other Imet library. RIBA tothe visits numerous of Art, College Royal atthe shows Association, Architectural at the For fi the education. and matters urban on architecture, thoughts and opinions totheir Peter’s daily listened work and and Alison about Ilearned when time, studious and aquiet It was competition. international occasional the and for publication projects of past drawings involved Work London. home Chelsea, in of their basement the occupied and stages latter its in was practice their Smithsons, the with working Ibegan time By the Smithson &Peter Alison time. atthe UK the in built being to those similar ironically super-structure, ahigh-tech how todesign Moscow,In Ilearned of Constructivism. time tothe back dating –amethod colour paper, water in rendered cartridge of 1sqm stretched boards onpresented two Th services. plug-in building envelope and pneumatic with super-structure exposed of an design elaborate the Iput together supervision enthusiastic under from England with fi with England from arrived Ihad and architecture of high-tech supporter avid an was Khrustalev Plant for Ilyushin 96 forPlant Ilyushin Th aword of Russian). not speak fl spoke and there was years, forNations many United atthe architect an been had who Khrustalev, Alexei Professor renowned –fi Architecture fi into the placed I was quite unusual. was Institute Architectural atMoscow exchange student on the My experience Institute Moscow Architectural e coursework was for the design of a truly Soviet project – an Aircraft Assembly Assembly Aircraft –an project Soviet of atruly design for the was ecoursework rst time, I was given direct access to what was going on in London: talks talks London: on in going was towhat access direct given Iwas time, rst structures and services are exposed on the outside of the building. ofthe outside the on exposed are services and structures where architecture, high-tech for well-known architect –British Rogers 12 Richard 767. Boeing tothe –similar aeroplane passenger Russian –large 96 11 Ilyushin rstly due to my interest in the subject, secondly because the the because secondly subject, the in due tomy interest rstly 11 – a gigantic hanger structure and assembly building. Professor Professor building. assembly and structure hanger –agigantic rst-hand knowledge of the works of Richard Rogers of Richard works of the knowledge rst-hand rst-hand that the Community of Practice which I which of Practice Community the that rst-hand Project Imagination’Project fth year course at the Faculty of Industrial of Industrial Faculty atthe course year fth Alison & Peter Smithson, 1991. McAdam worked worked McAdam 1991. Smithson, &Peter Alison on this drawing at his time with the Smithsons. the with time athis drawing this on Competition entry for Acropolis Museum, Acropolis for entry Competition uent English (at the time I did Idid (at time the uent English ). ). is was 12 . So . So 15. DarkSatanic Mills

155 16. Bring on Th e Mega Projects

How can an architectural practice influence the direction of urbanism and development strategies? 158 Southwest of Moscow, with boundaries of plots ofplots boundaries with ofMoscow, Southwest Photo of typical landscape atKommunarka. landscape oftypical Photo Satellite image showing agricultural area to area agricultural showing image Satellite 16. BringonTheMegaProjects Kommunarka master plan for development identified. , 2005. hectares of collective farms wereupfor privatisation. farms of collective hectares of thousands 1960s, and the in discarded been had or education theory planning of form urban Any for Suburbia! heading was Moscow prospect: ahorrifying was fi of green areas Large Russia. hold in totake werebeginning ownership and use on land discussions new 2005, In emerged. for architecture appetite indigenous an and more sophisticated became architects progressed and international architects appeared. estate Real requirements local developed, boom economy. building the As Russian the with momentum further. Th even knowledge its expanded and areas into new moved practice the 2000s, the during of Elasticity Art the of Skills Accumulation of the consequence adirect As strategies? the direction of urbanism anddevelopment How cananarchitectural practice influence e size and complexity of our projects became greater and greater, gathering greater, gathering and greater became projects of our complexity and esize eld land were being identifi ed for development. Th is Cities straightforward: to isolate strategies to create an environment suitable for Cities Garden – the for suitable dystopias environment resultant and examples no an end of failed tomind brought and create to strategies Th suburbs. Moscow new the isolate to straightforward: of Moscow. Th south-west tothe kilometres, square a 20 fi of over ahundred selection Th The Kommunarka master plan evolving Moscow’s fi werethe suit Kalinina to suburbia of and McAdam of design, subject areas new in case the the often was As population. re-address to opportunity tendencies. Th these about wereconcerned who organisations and of clients a handful weencountered development the of houses, private with Fortunately, as or amenities. points focal centres, without patterns road Moscow guidelines. gridded planning within positioned or wereawkwardly materials available of cheap restraint particular no Th with development individual had been to simply of hectares) (hundreds of land areas smaller with technique the Until divide then, fi of today’s urban trends. of today’s urban understanding general and arepertoire todevelop us It allowed urbanism. of matter global into the it research involved as task, interesting an was Th suburbia. Moscow new approach tothe their discuss and ideas, ,exchange Moscow world tovisit the around from organisations self-defi practice’s infrastructure, transport, economics, sociology, and landscaping.Th Th statistics. and intent, geography bypolitical primarily e result of this was quite shocking. Many diff Many quite shocking. was of this eresult efi – a Plan Master Kommunarka the for was approach such rst is was not just an architectural matter. It involved the environment, environment, It matter. the involved architectural not an just was is 3 , Sprawl urban planners have failed to recognize. torecognize. failed have planners urban that benefits with ofsociety, democratization the and growth economic of consequence the on argument alogical with areas suburban and 4 neighbourhoods. city ofmany decline the for responsible holds it which States, United the in policy planning of 1950s 3 1965. in London toGreater Amalgamated mass. urban same ofthe part now is and expansion city engulfed been has which ofLondon, south directly town 2 Croydon: rail. via accessible were they which from London, in density population to relieve was purpose main Their Howard. byEbenezer out set principles on century 20th early the in Britain in built Towns New City. Garden Welwyn Harlow, Letchworth, Cities: Garden 1 The The Death and Life of Great American Cities, American ofGreat Life and Death The Sprawl, ings were moving to an urban scale and there was an an was there and scale urban toan weremoving ings 4 . Almost all existing solutions seemed fl seemed solutions existing all . Almost Robert Bruegmann, 2005. A study into complexity of vast urban urban of vast complexity into Astudy 2005. Bruegmann, Robert ned role was to write a brief and to select ten suitable tensuitable toselect and abrief towrite rolened was rst in line to advise on what todo. on what toadvise line in rst 1 , Croydon e subject matter was extremely challenging challenging extremely was matter esubject elds, totalling 6000 hectares, spread over spread hectares, 6000 totalling elds, elds into square plots and sell them for 2 , Th e Death and Life of Great American American Life ofGreat and eDeath erent architectural styles styles erent architectural Jane Jacobs, 1961. A critique Acritique 1961. Jacobs, Jane awed, and driven driven and awed, e brief was was ebrief is in itself e 16. BringonTheMegaProjects Brief for closed competition, prepared by prepared competition, closed for Brief showing areas of land identified for for identified ofland areas showing Diagramatic plan of Moscow ofMoscow plan Diagramatic McAdam Architects. development in red.

159 160 16. BringonTheMegaProjects Th Th van Schaik, Jim Meikle, Terry Ealey, and Michael Timpson Terry Michael and Ealey, Jim Meikle, Schaik, van Leon of Professor jury international aselect and team client tothe proposals their presented they months three After month period. over athree strategy’ for urban of how to phase the development of a vast area utilising private fi private utilising area development of the a vast of how tophase understanding an tohave seemed who /Maxwan, Corporation toURS awarded Th aff could and environment suburban a green in tolive people desired 500,000 about – quite serious tobe aproduct for such demand the We estimated unrealistic. was workplaces, and amenities schools, housing, with autonomous settlement of awell-balanced, idea Utopian the that showed studies our and suburbia real diff wereunderlying But there stages. its repeating be must model capitalist how the tounderstand fascinating it was and toours identical offi hotels, with areas residential new built industrialists where England, Victorian of tothat of development akin aprocess (orwe werere-inventing re-living) even Th Town for a‘New proposal for Moscow’s suburbia’. realisable new and a logical Jan Stormer, and a few other German consultants German Stormer, other Jan afew and colleague and old our friend with together So before. things done similar collectively had who consultants of agroup experienced members team as invite we should the fi client: same the with master plan. Th commission new a to practice the for 15,000 settlement Nikolo-Khovanskoye people –the residential of anew design lead also It circles. social and architectural, professional, new into practice the brought it collaborations previous with As experience. arewarding was process the importantly, Most plan master Nikolo-Khovanskoye The eld site of 78 hectares just outside the city ringroad. Th ringroad. city the outside just siteeld of 78 hectares e proposals presented were all very conservative in approach. Th approach. in conservative very wereall presented eproposals ompson / BuroHappold and Albert Speer Albert and ompson /BuroHappold e trajectory of this project was rather strange – as we worked it seemed that that it weworked seemed –as strange rather was project of this etrajectory ree teams were shortlisted from this process: URS Corporation/Maxwan, John John Corporation/Maxwan, URS process: this from wereshortlisted teams ree ord a mortgage of $250,000. ord amortgage ces, schools, social amenities and even railways. Th railways. even and amenities social schools, ces, Architects). (Landscape WES &Partner engineers), &infrastructure (Transport GmbH Ingenieure Koerting Partner, Stormer Jan Architects, McAdam team: project 8 Nikolo-Khovanskoye stages. in on sold and developed be could which plots smaller into divided tobe need would project the So this. support to mechanism finance government no was there as instance first the in implemented be not could works infrastructure and transport finance: private utilising 7 Phasing (EDAW). designer urban Timpson, Mick Happold), (Buro Terry engineer Everest), Ealey, Transport Langdon (Davies Economist Meikle, Jim Competition: Kommunarka for members 6 Jury architect and urbanist). (Dutch Maxwan giant), infrastructure (American Corporation planner), URS community and architect (British Thompson John Reich), toThird architect Speer ofAlbert son planner, urban and architect (German Speer Albert Kommunarka: for teams 5 Shortlisted is was to be a pilot project for the Kommunarka area. It was a green agreen It was area. Kommunarka apilot project for tobe the was is 5 . Th ey were asked to prepare a‘concept toprepare wereasked ey 8 we made attempts to prepare to prepare attempts we made e only condition was that that was condition eonly is situation was almost almost was situation is 6 . erences. Th erences. e commission was was ecommission nance 7 . is was waterside recreationarea landscape park town centre-retail,offi ces, administration mid/high densityresidential low densityresidential Diagram showing initial initial showing Diagram zoning concept. zoning 16. BringonTheMegaProjects (McAdam Architects / Jan Stormer Partner), Partner), Stormer /Jan Architects (McAdam Nikolo-Khovanskoye master plan master Nikolo-Khovanskoye 2008. Final version of master plan ofmaster version Final 2008. presented in 2008.

161 162 Series of diagrams for function and areas, which which areas, and function for ofdiagrams Series Nikolo-Khovanskoye master plan master Nikolo-Khovanskoye Model of initial master plan concept, 2006. concept, plan master ofinitial Model Architects / Jan Stormer Partner), 2008. Partner), Stormer /Jan Architects provided a basis for economic analysis. economic for abasis provided 16. BringonTheMegaProjects (McAdam (McAdam Th amenities. social and functions, non-architectural! It was fashion. acatalogue in designed commercial units, pragmatically and living weremodestly all for boulevards: squares, streets, blocks, Building calculations and statistics It detailed involved patterns. vegetation existing enhanced and contours, and lakes, cash fl economic strategy, transport, infrastructure, vision, landscape overall It an involved requirements. and population and ecology, situation of the analysis phasing, and on stringent based brief detailed and strict 18-month It avery followed period. Th scheme! of the object the traffi the toMoscow, commute would making they morning Every reason. beyond estate of real value the pushing settlement, new move into the would class middle upper the that was reality the Unfortunately, developers, and city authorities alike. It was viewed as a major breakthrough for breakthrough amajor as viewed It was alike. authorities city and developers, e master plan concept was well thought-out and the actual work spanned an an work spanned actual the thought-out and well was concept plan emaster e Nikolo-Khovanskoye master plan was revered by client bodies, fi bodies, byclient revered was plan master eNikolo-Khovanskoye ow for construction. It integrated with existing villages, maintained streams, c problem worse and defeating defeating c problem and worse nanciers, and Germany, and was exhibited at MIPIM in Cannes in atMIPIM exhibited was Germany, and and UK the in press architectural the in published It was Russia. in planning urban was invited to be a member of the Academy of Urbanism. Academy of amember the tobe invited was and conferences atrelated Ispoke of value. considered was regeneration urban on input atdebates Our level. international atan cities and urbanism to discuss area of master planning aprofessional in practice the moment. It established important an work as We this see and strategic development. It gave usseparate ways. the opportunity 2008 or strategy concept right. the getting than planning, aproject through for getting more Th important been had Store, where connections Department Univermag on the experienced tothat situation asimilar it was practice For the involved. tobe determined and fi architectural intrigued local larger became and rms Institutes Design the as into complications, ran plan master of the stages technical and Subsequent political 10 , and those involved in fi in involved those , and Recession. Global 2008-2012 tothe led activity economic in downturn The 1930s. ofthe Depression Great the since crisis financial worse the considered 2008: Crisis Financial Global 10 basis. annual an on France, Cannes, in held event property estate real international an l’immobilier, de professionnels des international Le marché 9 MIPIM: e project came to a halt in the Global Financial Crisis of Crisis Financial Global the in toahalt came eproject nance and development disbanded and went their went their and development disbanded and nance 9 in 2007. in Feature article in in article Feature 16. BringonTheMegaProjects Image of proposed main square main ofproposed Image Building Design, May, 2008.

163 164 Map of Western Europe, showing location location showing Europe, ofWestern Map central trading and expo area with hotels, hotels, with area expo and trading central Aerial view of proposed scheme, showing showing scheme, ofproposed view Aerial offperimeter. at accommodation and ices International Trade and Expo Centre, Centre, Trade Expo and International 16. BringonTheMegaProjects (McAdam Architects) 2011. Architects) (McAdam of ITEC in Metz, France. of ITEC Metz, in sqm of retail and logistics in Metz in logistics and sqm of retail million Six design. sustainable and of responsible principles all against be would adevelopment Such idea. absurd an one of horror! What was reaction initial Our inafi centre ofFrance? north the logistics in Metz, near eld, and sqmtrading million forasix concept outline an and abrief prepare you Can fi –the world Europe. of Western centre the bein should which of rst Th campaign. sales and marketing onagiant world the to goout to want they goods, export to inChina arriving Th thus: situation the He described toturn. way which not know did and proposal unusual arather toprepare asked been just he had as incidence, co- astrange It was on Nikolo-Khovanskoye. article an with journal Kong-based upaHong picked had and on China Moscow. now concentrating He was central fi client our been had who developer French retail the It was Paris. from aphone call was blue,Out of there the commissions. for new opportunities few werevery there and Region Moscow London and confi (2009–10) was time work atthis Practice context. international an –in planning master development and –strategic about Urbanism totalk wecontinued Russia, in projects such of all postponement swift tothe led of 2008 Crisis Financial the Whilst TradeThe International (ITEC) Centre Expo and e Chinese want to have more control of their export market. Rather than companies companies than Rather market. export oftheir control more have to want eChinese close to borders with Germany and Luxembourg. and Germany with toborders close department, Moselle and region Lorraine ofthe capital France, northern in city 11 Metz: e idea is that will they build huge satellites trading around the ve years before on the Univermag Department Store in Department Univermag on before the ve years 11 –it proposition. couldn’t aserious be ned to ongoing residential projects in in projects residential toongoing ned A B C D KEY 16. BringonTheMegaProjects International Trade and Expo Centre, Trade Expo and International horizontal and vertical transportation. vertical and horizontal retail spaces, four central courtyards, courtyards, central four spaces, retail Image of ITEC along north perimeter, north ofITEC along Image Typical ‘circuit board’ plan showing showing plan Typical board’ ‘circuit showing hotel and off and hotel showing blocks. ice Floor Plans Level 5,6,7 (McAdam Architects) 2011. Architects) (McAdam

165 166 Article in in Article 16. BringonTheMegaProjects Architects Journal, Article in in Article La Tribune, November, 2012. November, April, 2012. April, Trade agreements were signed between France and China. President Sarkozy China. and France between weresigned Trade agreements perimeter. the around buildings stand-alone offi visitors, for upto40,000 accommodation and of hotels Aseries circulation. horizontal and of vertical network byacomplex wereinterconnected elements All shuttle. railway passenger incoming as well as terminal, clearance a customs with centre sqm logistics 500,000 and Th complex. point for the orientation and entrance as acting space courtyard central alarge had zone Each zones. into four divided was which space, expo and retail sqm open-plan million three Th task. planning complex avery It was specifi staff (visitors, circuit or fl movement the about and all was plan Our electronics to design. board akin more became it detail in plan master the on work to 5pm” etc) until webegan but as accessible all beaches, 400 has Fhloston planet ten.Th level and two level between are restaurants the All rooftop. on the – two ilm l fi Besson Luc the in Paradise’ meof ‘Fhloston it reminded Initially wejumped! in So population. on local impact and issues project environmental to the bring atleast and analysed, out and well-thought something design process, the knowledge with infl wecould perhaps hand other Onthe volumes. mall shopping and sheds commission serious a from fi this cover could or group contractor away engineering agiant that walk could we hand one On not? fi and support However, it appeared that those involved were serious players with government about statistics. Th statistics. about was For everything them arguments. and proposals of our all almost accepted and listened client development the strategic and planning of master Dubai). terms In fond of very (they are Chinese the with Dubai in French the sideand with Paris Th limelight. the in was council regional of the head the and region, industrial impoverished an in ajobcreator be it would as support his gave e design process was intense and lasted for over a year. Meetings were held in wereheld in for Meetings over ayear. lasted and intense was process edesign Th c requirements and should not should cross. and c requirements e Fifth Element e Fifth 13 Nicolas Sarkozy – President of the Republic of France 2007–2012. of France Republic ofthe –President Sarkozy Nicolas 13 Earth. ofplanet survival 12 The Fifth Element’ Fifth The , goods, deliveries, trucks, cars, trolleys, trains) which each had had each which trains) trolleys, cars, trucks, deliveries, , goods, nancial means. Th means. nancial e script ran something like this: like something ran escript 12 (a hovering holiday resort with “twelve swimming pools pools swimming “twelve with resort holiday (a hovering Luc Besson, 1997. Science fiction film with central plot involving the the involving plot central with film fiction 1997. Science Besson, Luc ce buildings and staff and buildings ce is was a great dilemma – shoud we be involved or involved –shoud webe dilemma agreat was is is was set over a giant car-parking facility facility car-parking over agiant set was is e central eight-storey volume comprised comprised volume eight-storey ecentral housing, were positioned as as werepositioned housing, ow of diff of ow eld with arbitrary erent media uence uence e 13

Client organisation: organisation: Client way! inany ordetailed orreviewed tested, been not response: Our building? start we can When rooms? hotel and Client organisation: building contractors had the connections and persuasion to intervene. persuasion and connections the had the contractors building with As today. and groups Metz engineering clients, in –as stage planning strategic initial the beyond construction under already diffi it wefound plan, very master is Nikolo-Khovanskoye phase this that believe We roof garden. landscape with façade for asimple waved was Th back. the round deliveries the and frontage expo and retail sqm, with Th practice. to the To matters make more complicated, a fi Sorry – this is a master plan concept, a vision, an initial idea. It has It has idea. initial an avision, concept, plan amaster is –this Sorry is was for a “temporary” single-storey building of a mere 200,000 of amere200,000 building single-storey for a“temporary” was is How many shops? How many visitors? How many trucks, escalators, escalators, trucks, How many visitors? How many shops? How many Th is is great. We could build a few of these inChina. ofthese afew build We could great. is is rst phase of development was commissioned commissioned of development was phase rst cult to maintain involvement is proposal (McAdam Architects) 2011. Image of first phase phase offirst Image 2011. Architects) (McAdam 16. BringonTheMegaProjects of development, 200,000sqm single-storey single-storey 200,000sqm of development, (McAdam Architects) 2011. Image showing showing Image 2011. Architects) (McAdam International Trade and Expo Centre, Trade Expo and International International Trade and Expo Centre, Trade Expo and International trading and expo centre. expo and trading central courtyard space.

167 168 Moscow Agglomeration. Moscow. Article on RIA Novosti website – New –New website RIANovosti on Article Moscow. of 148,000 hectares of land to be annexed to annexed tobe ofland hectares of 148,000 16. BringonTheMegaProjects boundaries of Moscow, August 2011. August ofMoscow, boundaries Map showing extent extent showing Map Medvedev quite baffl be can decisions Political The Agglomeration Moscow In all, nine teams were nineIn all, teams shortlisted organisers. tothe wereirresistible experience and team’s –the hesitation without connections We shortlist for the werechosen components, including McAdam Architects, Happold Consulting Architects, McAdam components, including relied on the idea of moving federal government offi government federal moving of idea the on relied plan grand the on aplan, drawn line boundary red aclear and density population for concern ageneral from Apart of hectares. 148,000 area aland by attaching contacted by our colleague, Aleksey Ginzburg wewere shortlist, for the deadline submission the before However, days afew only farce. apolitical as opportunity this We not appeal. did dismissed and consuming, time and complicated be would way usual the in asubmission preparing and team amulti-disciplinary Collating Frankly, at the procedure. for ashortlist tosubmit credentials time planners urban and architects we did not have for international calling announced, was the acompetition decision To this validate energy or optimism to look at this. area. development the new in encourage by Andrey Chernikhov by Andrey Th team. tocomplete the essential considered was practice of Russian knowledge and projects large-scale planning, master with experience Our development strategy. the and matters on urban toadvise consortium, design discussions before each presentation. each before discussions of frantic days three in collated then and matter bysubject members the amongst Th complicated. was this Europe, across spread was which team, Moscow. in For particular basis our on amonthly presentations style monthly, attend and conference- month period over asix proposals toprepare asked Architects Associates (USA). (Italy), Design Urban Secchi Ass (Spain), Studio Bofill Ricardo Netherlands), (The OMA (France), L’AUC Grumbach (Japan), Antoine Sekkei Nikken (Russia), (France),Chernikhov (Russia), –Ostozhenka competition Agglomeration Moscow the for teams Shortlisted 20. Croatia. in based Tower practice 19. 151 –architectural engineering group. amulti-disciplinary Happold, ofBuro Part strategists. –economic Consulting Happold 18. Yakov Chernikhov. architect, ofConstructivist Grandson Moscow. architect, –practicing 17. Chernikhov Andrey Ginzburg. Moisey architect, ofConstructivist Grandson Moscow. architect, –practicing Ginzburg Aleksey 16. 2008-2012. Federation Russian ofthe –President Medvedev Dmitri 15. 15 19 , plans were announced to extend the city of Moscow to the south-west south-west tothe of Moscow city the toextend wereannounced , plans , and a number of local specialists from Moscow State University. State Moscow from specialists of local anumber , and 17 , and comprised a long list of Russian and international international and of Russian along list comprised , and 20 ing. In 2011, In ing. of Dmitri presidency the under . Th is process was most tedious. Teams were tedious. most was process is 16 . He asked if we would join a Russian aRussian join wewould if . He asked e work was essentially divided divided essentially ework was ces out of central Moscow to Moscow out of central ces is consortium to was lead 18 , Tower 151 can be used as a stepping stone to gaining interesting commissions. interesting gaining to stone astepping as used be can and areas, many in practice ofthe status and position the enhances subjects, ofperipheral insight our work broadens this that We surmise also patterns. infl to possibility the and ofenvironments, creation the Th development. for further parameters out and principles setting direction, certain a in vision or urban abrief tosteer opportunity the us gives often of working way Th adesign. before approach an it prioritising involved that in stream, Visions identifi have We Four, Symposium Ghent in 2012). (November Research atPractice discussed and Th Research. Practice the with overlapped Th fi process this Agglomeration, Moscow on the towork further werecommissioned teams two whilst that, We understand future. in done be could what on scenarios hypothetical of series a proposed and approach ageneral weoutlined strategy, acoherent urban presenting than rather Th completed. tobe had requested task the brief, but other on the diffi increasingly became scheme competition the of developing approach, line this continued team our Whilst stage. design of the winner scored was team Chernikhov the conclusion abanal As butheated open debateensued. A us. applauded members jury of the many and However, participants fellow organisers. the from response adefensive with met werewith suggestions intrepid Our except Road Ring Moscow the beyond government bureaucracy.’ state and sectors oligarchy ofcertain ofinterests coincidence Federation for the Russian the of relocation signifi any the for found not ‘We have arguments social or political economical, cant notion2012 clearly: this wepresented of April presentation brief, atthe tothe contradiction in Although forests. and fi into green expanding atbefore looked be should areas these river. Surely Moscow the along estate real prime some of it and was boundaries, city existing Th development. city and planning of urban terms in not rational was way this in city the toextend decision the that clear it became progressed competition the As e International Trade and Expo Centre and the Moscow Agglomeration projects projects Agglomeration Moscow the and Centre Trade Expo and eInternational ere were 18,000 hectares of disused industrial sites and railway land within the the within land railway and sites industrial of disused hectares erewere18,000 is kind of work is a key component to practice development as it focuses on it focuses as development component practice to ofworkakey is kind is ed that this work is a major part of the Initiatives and Strategic Strategic and Initiatives of the part amajor work is this that ed cult. On one hand we had successfully challenged the the challenged successfully wehad Onone hand cult. zzled away within months of the competition. the of months within away zzled is meant that they were both presented uence social behaviour behaviour uence social e result was that that was eresult elds is Building Design, 16. BringonTheMegaProjects Moscow Agglomeration February 2012 and July 2012. July and 2012 February . News articles in articles . News

169 170 16. BringonTheMegaProjects Plan showing large areas of unused industrial sites, sites, industrial ofunused areas large showing Plan along the Moskva River. The main argument of the ofthe argument River. main The Moskva the along consortium was that surely these brown field sites sites field brown these surely that was consortium should be looked at before building on green field field green on building atbefore looked be should Moscow Agglomeration, 2012. 2012. Agglomeration, Moscow sites outside the city. the outside sites programs? through teaching andeducational How canwe instigate change 17. Th e Rise of Kubanism eRise 172 Workshop. Urban Section Moscow. Section Urban Workshop. magnetic railway. Will Alsop, Vsevolod Kulish, Kulish, Vsevolod Alsop, railway. Will magnetic Project Imagination. Project 17. TheRiseofKubanism McAdam and Stephen Williams. James McAdam. Moscow, 1992. Moscow, McAdam. James EASA Summer school, 1991. school, Summer EASA Stations for electro- for Stations James James class diplomas, one of whom won the annual National Student Prize National one of whom annual won diplomas, the class fi wereawarded students eight year end of the atthe group, and the enthused successfully partnership teaching However this intermittent. was attendance course 1990s. the during Russia in students Many were work, with a busy result as and Th experience. strange unit with Vsevolod Kulish in the Faculty of Industrial Architecture. Th adiploma torun invitation an extended Institute Architectural Moscow 2000-01, In Russia. and Britain in schools architecture at various consultations and crits in participate and tolecture invitations tonumerous led Imagination Project architects. inspirational with of working experience hand Th railway. electro-magnetic on anew for stations on proposals students, of agroup twelve and Vsevolod Kulish, Alsop, Will alongside I worked responsibilities, toorganizational addition Here, in topics. architectural diverse towork into groups on weredivided participants where event, for the a structure Th Stephen Williams. architect, graduate fellow with schools, architecture Imagination, Even Project before teaching. in involved been McAdam has practice the From beginning the was involved in sporadic workshop tuition at various and educational programs? How canwe instigate changethrough teaching is workshop ethos formed the genesis of Project Imagination (1992) of Imagination Project provided and genesis the formed ethos workshop is by all architectural schools in Russia in one location designated. designated. location one in Russia in schools architectural by all exhibited and shortlisted as works, diploma best for event annual prize: student 1 National e institute remained in disarray after the political upheaval upheaval political the after disarray in remained einstitute is gave me fi 1 . is was a was is rst- rst As commented by Aleksandr Rappaport byAleksandr commented As approach. afresh of and need reform Th situation. contemporary for the prepared being werenot and complexes for large compositions utopian in wereengaged Students Th disarray. in was education Architectural years. coming over the thoughts and ideas exchanged signifi particular Th concern! areal was this material, sensitive similar housing was Architecture of Industrial Faculty the As submarine. for a plans of design possession in discovered for spying, arrested was professor my safety and freedom. dotoensure could It they what had discussing solemnly them Ifound one morning been announced on Institute the tothe incident –on arrival amusing news and atouching Irecall context thatthis an American In education. of architectural demise the discuss and (modestly) vodka to drink Fellow professors and tutors were a fi culture are completely ignored.” completely are culture philosophical ofcontemporary sphere inthe of architecture meaning the and taste of relativity historical ofthe problems whereas mastery, compositional and dexterity Th student. ofthe development intellectual and infl in Russia ofarchitecture spiritual the on harm departments great ict “University 2 Aleksandr Rappaport: Russian philosopher and writer who lives in New York. New in lives who writer and philosopher Russian Rappaport: 2 Aleksandr e success of the diploma course led to more involvement in academic circles. Of Of circles. tomore led academic involvement in course diploma of the esuccess e methods and subjects discussed still belonged to the Soviet era. era. Soviet tothe belonged still discussed subjects and emethods cance was a renewed discourse with Eugene Asse, with whom I with Asse, Eugene with discourse arenewed was cance ne bunch. On many occasions we joined them them joined we occasions many On bunch. ne 2 in Vienna ere exists generally a cult of graphic ofgraphic acult generally exists ere Project Russia Project e whole system was in desperate desperate in was ewhole system 34 ‘Aliens’ (2004): (2004): and Krasnodar marked via Vienna as the the as Vienna via marked Krasnodar and Map showing geographical locations of locations geographical showing Map practice activities in 2013, with London London with 2013, in activities practice 17. TheRiseofKubanism Krasnaya on day of day on Krasnaya Krasnodar. Main street – Ulitsa –Ulitsa street Main Krasnodar. only travel itinerary. ‘Kossack’ parade.

173 174 McAdam Architects. Architects. McAdam in teaching activities in 2013, with a proposed aproposed with 2013, in activities teaching in April 2013. Diagram describing practice’s role role practice’s describing Diagram 2013. April initiatives Masterclass: Ideas for Sochi Olympics, Olympics, Sochi for Ideas Masterclass: Krasnodar School of Architecture, 2007 2007 ofArchitecture, School Krasnodar bicultural teaching unit at the centre. atthe unit teaching bicultural 17. TheRiseofKubanism . Practice Symposium Five, Ghent Ghent Five, Symposium Practice Diagram of educational educational of Diagram and Refland ections text biographical his from drew and underpinnings Jungian candidates. Th staff of senior toapanel candidate by each biographical exercise of Practice Symposium Th tothem. important is what do, and they what are, Th they who Th Boyarsky: We notion of the Alvin followed self-expression. toencourage and architecture, of understanding ways new post-graduate students. Th Th course. Krasnodar tothe applied be could there, weencountered that symposium, research practice six-monthly of the format the that University. We realized RMIT During this time we had also embarked on the Practice Research Program at process, whilst enthusiastic,process, lack whilst confi teaching the now in involved school the from graduates and process educational the with involved tobe architects Krasnodar practicing from desire little is there Unfortunately, visitors. overseas from classes master occasional by supplemented and of group architects founding toasmall limited are Teaching capabilities Th learning. distance internet via of diploma students number of asmall tutoring the and School Krasnodar off we partnership, this Extending consultation. and workshops lectures, in basis, a six-monthly on involved, tobe we wereasked and school the he opened 2005, In to schools. visits arranged and behalf on his situation the investigated We turn schools. in architecture of British experience direct our and Europe in trends educational described in Chapter 6, 6, Chapter in described an architecture of opening process the school in father) was Goloverov Valery (Kalinina’s time, this At in Krasnodar, as part of the Kuban State University (as for the future. for the ambitions and aims and for teaching, reasons architecture, about ideas moments, important architecture, outside interests architecture, within work, interests practice projects, student include: would format presentation the We that determined e fi and tutors young with Krasnodar, in workshops similar torun was eproposal e school now has 150 students and is awarding up to 20 diplomas per year. year. per diplomas upto20 150 awarding now is has eschool and students rst seminar took place in 2012. in Th place took seminar rst 5 Memories, Dreams, Reflections: Reflections: Dreams, Memories, e purpose of the fi of the epurpose 5 . ‘Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy’ Tailor,‘Tinker, Soldier, e main aim being to enhance teaching methods, explore explore methods, teaching toenhance being aim emain rst presentation was for each candidate to outline tooutline candidate for each was presentation rst ered work experience to students from the the autobiography of the Swiss psychologist Carl Jung. Jung. Carl psychologist Swiss of the autobiography the dence and direction. and dence is entailed an introductory presentation and program supervisors, and fellow fellow and supervisors, program and “Pile it up and smoke will come out”. come will smoke itupand “Pile ree, in Ghent, in 2012, had ree, which ). He consulted us about current about current ). us He consulted Memories, Dreams Dreams Memories, is refl ected the the ected environment at the Krasnodar school with young young with school Krasnodar atthe environment Symposium Five, Ghent, April 2013. This diagram diagram This 2013. April Ghent, Five, Symposium McAdam Architects. Architects. McAdam Regional Architectural Laboratory. Architectural Regional James McAdam, Tanya Kalinina, David Porter, Porter, Tanya David McAdam, Kalinina, James Supervisory Panel 2013, (from left to right) – toright) left (from 2013, Panel Supervisory shows the narrow trajectory of the teaching teaching ofthe trajectory narrow the shows 17. TheRiseofKubanism Regional Architectural Laboratory. Laboratory. Architectural Regional Valery Goloverov, Vladimir Brod’agin. Notes on formation of the the of formation on Notes tutors dotted around it. around dotted tutors Practice Practice

175 176 for tutors and post-graduate students. Krasnodar Krasnodar students. post-graduate and tutors for 2013. Students presenting their work to a panel toapanel work their presenting Students 2013. Regional Architectural Laboratory. Laboratory. Architectural Regional School of Architecture, Kuban State University, University, State Kuban ofArchitecture, School 17. TheRiseofKubanism of supervisors. Seminars the Regional Architectural Laboratory Architectural Regional the of formation to the led turn, in which, of community sense increased toan led of status Th responsibility. for social control, disregard general and profession, architectural planning the of lack environment, urban the for concerns common It highlighted of others. inspirations and background into the insight a clearer gained involved those moment which in ice-breaking an It was enthusiasm. with Th was altruistic in that it was a gratis passing-on of knowledge, assistance with with assistance knowledge, of profession. passing-on benefi ofevents gratis initiation a and programs, was educational it that in altruistic was here involvement our that say We also might consideration. into taken ideas when given to the contribute opportunity to and have to discourse, their of We open and practice discourse. found young that tutors were enthused defi ateaching resolving movetowards to possible it is that say wecan University State Kuban the with experience From our atmosphere relaxed more and senior staff improved an fostered and tutors younger between relationships open and informal school, the seminars within of series this Ultimately architecture school. European of any that with comparable was of material quality the and positive was Th candidates. tothe advisors as but acted of workshops running the in involved werenot directly Supervisors whole school. the involving workshops Th eff brief the insuffi had candidates the general, in that, highlighted Th panel. supervisory of amember the also was and lecture seminar was attended by visiting professor David Porter David professor byvisiting attended was seminar Th architectural topic or type of practice activity identifi in architecture, practice, and teaching. Th teaching. and practice, architecture, in e panel of established staff of established epanel e purpose of the second seminar was to focus on each candidate’s specifi candidate’s on each tofocus was seminar second of the epurpose is led to a third seminar in which the candidates were asked to run student student torun wereasked candidates the which in seminar toathird led is , and a proactive engagement with the Regional Architectural Laboratory. Architectural Regional the with engagement aproactive , and 4 David Porter – professor, at the Central Academy of Arts, Beijing, who lives in London. in lives who Beijing, ofArts, Academy Central atthe –professor, Porter 4 David environment. urban and profession architectural in change toinstigating dedicated Krasnodar, in architects ofyoung group (RAL): Laboratory Architectural 3 Regional ectively. , the tutors, and the post-graduate students all responded responded all students post-graduate the and tutors, , the 3 . e brief was to research a particular aparticular toresearch was ebrief cit through a combination acombination through cit cient experience to tackle totackle cient experience 4 , who gave an introductory introductory an gave , who cial to the architectural to thecial architectural one.ed in seminar Th e results of this seminar seminar of this eresults e outcome c interest is is other practices?other might this beapplicable to this research process andhow What didwe discover through andfi research 18. of Asummary ndings 178 Dissertation Structure van Schaik van McAdam to the right, meshing with common common with meshing right, tothe McAdam partners, Tanya Kalinina to the left, James James Tanya left, tothe Kalinina partners, McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam 18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings

shows the individual essays of the ofthe essays individual the shows . This diagram by Leon byLeon diagram . This essays in the centre. the in essays Diagram of PhD PhD of Diagram lines of resistance to represent levels of practice experience: Joy, Enjoyment, Tolerance, Tolerance, Enjoyment, Joy, experience: practice of levels Trials and tribulations, represent Humiliation. to Th resistance of lines practice endeavours could be benefi enduring ‘Joy’. diagram, of the centre very the within potentially was of Artists, House Central Our view is that Th project, one particular that wewere able tosee test such this through and diagram, a diagram or similar on werepositioned this projects current four atest, As practice. of the future to the approach to value its consider thereby and examine activity, project or practice of aparticular status and interconnected and to show this we proposed a weproposed toshow this and interconnected were often streams three these that We projects. Built discovered and Competitions, clearly identifi practice activities as a whole, enabling us to draw motivation from reality. look Th atthe and back tostand us allowed that tool inductive an It was over time. for refl From the Practice Map, we moved on to examine examine to on moved we Map, Practice the From diagram. complex single tool for illustrating and clarifying practice activities, infl specifi or complex work, of body alarge with practices for established We that developments. and believe links, moments, key toidentify us helped and complexities, in clarity It gave enhancements. and overlays through research, the throughout developed and discussed was Map We began the research process using using process research the We began outset. the from this weinstigate toeventuate, practice of for acommunity wedonot wait that too, is could others what and learned, have we What circles. architectural in topromote link and the culture, others the about enough toknow partners the enabling years student during place take normally Th together. practices world, forming the move around architecture of students as todevelop but bound is Kalinina, and McAdam as form aliteral such It not may take more commonplace. become surely will practice architectural in biculturalism future, the In practice. development bicultural of tothe the contributed Th education. and architecture in projects of collaborative anumber and exhibition, for Change Time seminar, Imagination Project –the level bicultural this specifi the We described have beginnings. toits format from a bicultural benefi Host’, the and partners both of ‘the Stranger arrangement. scenario the where through Even exchange, initial an from grew quality this 2locations). today We that believe 2 cultures, this exchange Kalinina and atwork (2 is individuals, 2xscenario the –where continues,‘pure’ of form biculturalism refl McAdam this through describe discovered to We have in which Practice. a similar with Bicultural a as is term best the that resolved have We latterly, Ghent, and in Barcelona. on basis asix-monthly Symposiums Research Practice 2011–August 2014), in (April participation years of including three over aperiod Th practices?other discover, andhow might this beapplicable to What didthe research entail, what didwe e following is a general summary of the research undertaken throughout the program, program, the throughout undertaken research of the summary ageneral is efollowing ecting on the body of work and understanding how the practice had evolved evolved had practice how the understanding of work and body on the ecting ed three streams of work in the practice: Strategic visions and initiatives, initiatives, and visions Strategic practice: the of work in streams three ed c characteristics, a Practice Map is an extremely useful useful extremely an is Map aPractice c characteristics, cially applied to other architectural practices practices architectural toother applied cially Th rough these fi these rough e Practice Map ePractice Diagram ofEndeavours Diagram Th e Endeavours of Practice lters we could assess the position position the assess lters wecould c events which took place on place took which c events . Th uences and contexts in a in contexts and uences is was an essential tool tool essential an was is ection that ours is a a is ours that ection is meeting would . We added ese all tted and is e mentors: infl mentors, but taken have no specifi wehave that wesurmise practice, of the history and life atthe Looking topractice. which from of rules or set amanifesto developing and of way clarifying auseful is projects of key study depth in- via dynamics those understanding that and practices established many work in We applied. confi being are formula to acommon diff very are buildings realised the whilst Th principles. of guiding aset double as rules shared these Th level. at asub-conscious operate Th process. design or specifi context a location, House Larch Th approach. design and drivers practice of representations clear as werechosen projects seminal three research the During professions. creative and Th and successful sketches. toinitial weresimilar buildings considered resultant the and involved, are projects these werecontinuously partners designer, the lead why wewerethe case: each in that realised examine to on went We methodology. components. Th dynamic introduced subtly and materials, and methods building local understanding context, architectural/cultural totheir reference considered location, to aparticular suitability attributes: bycommon wereconnected projects these that we determined Th approach toeach. practice’s design the and materials forms, restrictions, locations, –their detail in projects We these studied practice. same the from emerged they yet and materials, and appearance volume, function, type, in of the external main infl infl of contributed signifi 6 as Chapter in individuals Player,Chess Th designs using intuition; has learned the building process by building; has learned learned has bybuilding; process building the learned has intuition; using designs practice: the that summarise can and areas these studied Here wehave activities. public and management, business process, building the design, areas: professional into four weredivided skills these From beginning, the self-taught. were consciously Skills Th professionally. developed set skill practice’s how the toclarify attempted wehave principles, similar Using components of practice. and roots the understanding or infl roles, characters, these of identifying method abstract an that convinced weare exercise of this Onconclusion encouragement. and insight infl mentors or indirect on peripheral relied have which practices many are there We it that tobe! like wewould suspect what encapsulate or atleast practice, infl where of the ethos the encapsulate components clearly these error. and Overall, by trial partnership, bicultural the of from nature an exchange of culture, innate and the with the with contrast ere are defi ereare uence from each of these peripheral mentors gives a comprehensive overview overview acomprehensive mentors gives peripheral of these each from uence . Investigating this subject we realised that almost all of our practice skills skills practice of our all almost that werealised subject this . Investigating

Th eProvocateur, Th nitive formulae at work in the specifi the in work at formulae nitive and ey were completely related by drivers, design approach and practice practice and approach design drivers, by related completely were ey e Ambassador, and Th and eAmbassador, is could be described as an in-built manifesto or set of rules which which of rules or set manifesto in-built an as described be could is cantly to diff Univermag uences on the practice. Th practice. on the uences uence from a broad collection of individuals – peripheral –peripheral of individuals a broad collection from uence Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy Tailor, Soldier, Tinker, c parameters form the basis for a series of steps in the the in of steps for aseries basis the form c parameters is is described in Chapter 7, e Enthusiast, Th eEnthusiast, Department Store. Th Store. Department erent areas of practice development. Th of practice erent areas rough the process of research and examination, examination, and of research process the rough e Educator. erent to one another, they are all related due related all erent are toone another, they ese ese were: accumulation of skills e Advocator, Th eAdvocator, c task of designing buildings, where where buildings, of designing c task dent formulae that similar are at eir eir infl Trubnaya Trubnaya ese projects were very diff very were projects ese

We describe these infl these describe We e result in our case is that that is case our in eresult .

complement uences and Th uences is a good way of way agood is uences ese characters have all all have characters ese Th e Offi e Entertainer, Th eEntertainer, rough this process process this rough

ce Building, ce Accumulation of through learning learning through uence is drawn drawn is uence e ‘essence’ uence uence for uential uential erent Th e e c 18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings

179 180 18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings on a exercise where we divided the body of works into of works body the wedivided where on aexercise weembarked practice, of the architecture more the about tounderstand aquest In of practicing. amethod as today used tobe continue development Practice’s and to the werefundamental are identifi of skills groups four the that and of self-learning, process arduous to the related weredirectly Practice the developing in experienced struggles the that to us Th of aform Altruism. as and Practice the tofurther extent, to agreater public activities in engaged has and culture; acorporate from management business organic forms. We entitled this exercise this entitled We forms. organic mega-blocks, urban interlocking forms, spirals, facades, pixilated boxes, cylindrical practice takes place? Th where how and –what, partners of the methods operating the tounderstand practice, of process actual the toinvestigate welooked process introspective of this part As atwork. of architecture or understanding ordering the and of data collection for the tool useful of work, avery it body is varied and alarge with for apractice that believe Th projects. between relationships and tendencies dominant tosee and works atthe look objectively and back tostand us of work body –it of the allowed understanding adeeper it gave as classifi about todiscussions led and werenot clear results components. Other architectural confi it that was exercise Th hits. of common number bythe scored and other each against works Practice’s the plotting studied was Matrix Relationship Project A further work belongs. the towhich group architectural dominant the revealing project each Th components /criteria. architectural essay Classifi aProject was studies One of these involved. is benefi of work, there body varied and alarge with for apractice that conviction of the are diff wepursued answer for an diff works the how are question: the open but operation, left components in architectural the main idea for Th aproject. idea main further into the workings of my partnership with Tanya Kalinina. Th Tanya with Kalinina. of my partnership workings into the further looked Ihave of practice, process of the study introspective of this acontinuation As professions. creative and practices of other workings the a prompt for understanding as used be could posed questions the that believe and exciting discoveries these found We partners. monitored bythe is Spot Black the studio; tothe on release and isolation of locations in developed is Spot Black the ‘relay’ fashion; in working both involved Spot Black of the inception the Spot; Black of the sole guardians are partners the point: atthis of revelations anumber We involved. experienced byall protected and fully-supported project, acommunity through achieved been has Spot Black of the representation literal almost an -where Holy the Rosary and of St Barbara Church diff use partners two how the and place, takes designing where locations isolated the described also We have partners. bythe policed is which place in system’ a‘security is there that Belonging to the Emperor cation systems and criteria selection. Nevertheless, this study was benefi was study this Nevertheless, selection. criteria and systems cation t in using such a tool for the ordering and comprehension of the architecture architecture comprehension of the and ordering for atool the such using t in erent and yet part of the same family – ‘continuity behind variety’. In search search In variety’. behind –‘continuity family same of the part yet erent and erent work methods. We have highlighted a particular project –Th project aparticular Weerent highlighted work have methods. ough we are not convinced that this is an objective process, we process, objective an is this that not convinced weare ough e relevant essay is entitled entitled is essay erelevant rmed the selection of key seminal projects as having similar similar having as projects seminal of key selection the rmed rough sketch diagrams and conversations we have suggested suggested wehave conversations and diagrams sketch rough erent and more detailed investigations. However, we investigations. more detailed erent and . Th is involved plotting the Practice’s works against against works Practice’s the plotting involved is e number of component hits is recorded for of recorded component enumber is hits Happy Families cation Matrix, which is described in the the in described is which Matrix, cation Th e Black Spot eBlack

similar architectural groups: groups: architectural similar .

Th is allowed us to identify identify to us allowed is e main result of this this of result main e , a metaphor for the for, ametaphor the is confi is essay is rmed cial cial ed e Refl ections Chapter 15Chapter – Th practice. subsequent architectural and background personal between links any toestablish studies biographical brief undertaken at work, wehave partners of the space mental the and Practice of the origins the To understand further relationships. professional tobegin way best the often debateis good that and responsibility, social role of public activities in the creation of communities the of practice, exchange, the through acceptance of learning of process the individuals, input of two balanced the Th today. involved still weare which with of Practice –Communities countries both in circles toarchitectural us connecting and status professional immediate us giving activity a‘pure’ bicultural It was Institute. Architectural atMoscow workshops to run atspecifi initiated was which Th tocome. for years practice for the basis the created event which single identifi wehave Perestroika, during students as meeting partners the development. Besides practice moments in of refl process the During environment. of aprofessional context the role its in to understand exercise aworthwhile it is of research course the In practice. of architectural modes briefi and plan master October Red latter, for the the and Israel, Pool Caesarea, in Pavilion of the example the cited former wehave For the structure. project of alarger part is of a‘Collaborator’, other architect the the where and of team, aproject centre at the entitled entitled circumstances. In this way we contrive ‘normal’ situations and social environments in in environments social and –one ‘19 of the respect this in roles situations ‘normal’ two inhabits Practice the that contrive webelieve observation we Ondetailed topractice. unconventional way which in this In operate but practice’, circumstances. ‘conventional a be to strive we that is this to (are we)? classifi webe How might Th ataspecifi of conditions by aset but one formed trait, acommon is this We that of donot situations. believe variety toa attentions its turn toquickly practice the allows respond and research adapt, beginnings the as We adaptability toour refer project types. practice the of arange because todesigning hands is their turn it could who –architects ‘generalists’ to be that believe we – Th Russia. in era of anew beginning very the with coincided straightforward is here conjecture Our multifarious? so of work was body the why is remained: A simple question of partnerships. research benefi is overview an such that suggest wewould relationship, living and specifi ultimately are study of the results the Whilst process. practice of the characteristic present ever an is which ‘Relay’ of the theme recurrent the particular in and of ‘Coalition’ amechanism through works process making decision other. Th tothe toPractice’ ‘License grant partners the how Host’, on todescribe the and goes and ‘Stranger of roles the the and friendship the specifi ese non-specifi e principles engaged through this event formed the core of the bicultural practice: practice: bicultural of core the the event formed this through engaged eprinciples Coalition Government and the Importance of the Relay ofthe Importance the and Government Coalition ng documents. Such investigation of roles can give clarity to the operating operating tothe clarity give can of roles investigation Such documents. ng c nature of the working relationship. It considers the beginning of the of the beginning the It considers relationship. working of the c nature by C. G. Jung (1963). Th (1963). Jung G. C. by Dark Satanic Mills, c characteristics in turn led us to ask a further question: question: afurther toask us led turn in c characteristics ection, with use of use with ection, ed the c moment in time and history, took 20 British architects architects British 20 took history, and time c moment in c moment. ed? Th ed? is gives a brief account of childhood and student student and of childhood account abrief gives is Project Imagination Imagination Project which takes inspiration from from inspiration takes which th century architect’, where the architect stands stands architect the where architect’, century e most precise and straightforward answer answer straightforward and precise emost Th e Practice Map ePractice Art of Elasticity e survey revealed how the how the revealed esurvey seminar as an all-important c to this intense working working intense c tothis e location required us us required elocation , we have identifi , wehave is is described in Memories, Dreams, Dreams, Memories, – the ability to ability –the What Architect , and discusses discusses , and cial to the cial is event, ed key 18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings

181 182 18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings practice and its relevance to project work. work. toproject relevance its and practice of community of a new instigation the procedures; professional and situations new to respond and adapt, toresearch, ability core architect’; our ‘19throle as century specifi certain reinforced have research, of the beginning the with overlap which projects, Th contacts. and clients Russian existing through secured projects residential private benefi Our recent practice events has concentrated of with on activities in Britain. Th assistance initiation and knowledge, of on programs passing gratuitous educational a was it that in altruistic mainly involvement our here was that say would and of biculturalism context the in this We refer to this fl this to We refer environment. urban problems of the the todiscuss which in acommunity created have tutors and architects of agroup young –where Laboratory Architectural Regional the of formation proactive tothe led has Research element Practice of the an as instigated for tutors, as a response to a teaching defi toateaching aresponse as for tutors, Th Russia. south Krasnodar, in school architectural of anew establishment the in Kalinina, with along involved, heavily been has and 2000-01 in Institute Architectural at Moscow unit adiploma He ran Russia. and Britain in schools atvarious critic visiting and 1991 in lectures workshops –in graduating since teaching with involved been has particular in Map. McAdam Practice the in band consistent and form aclear and activities, practice of the part important an are programs educational Teaching and commissions. interesting stone togaining astepping as used be can and areas, many in practice of the status and position the enhances subjects, of peripheral insight our to infl possibility and of environments creation on the it development focuses as practice component development. It to akey is for future out parameters setting direction, acertain in vision urban or an abrief tosteer opportunity the us giving to design, 4– Chapter in identifi work was Th tasks. planning urban or detrimental for illogical requests and situations absurd to respond should practice tohow the second the and environments, of social creation fi -the subject on this debates important weretwo there process research the During plans. expansion city and complexes trading giant for settlements, design, actual and Projects. complexity and size the of further, knowledge its expanded projects and skills its developed practice the As became greater and greater. research. for further atmosphere apleasant to create We became involved and scene the toset way useful it found extremely tobe and of Architecture, School in fi for the exercise same the instigated for refl and nostalgic was material Th at work. Th &Peter Smithson. Alison with apprenticeship and Institute; Architectural at Moscow York; New in exchange student Allen Gerald with moments: internship architectural years, summarising environments and infl rst relating to how the practice could infl could practice tohow the relating rst is exercise enabled further clarity in understanding the practice’s origins and methods methods and origins practice’s the understanding in clarity further enabled exercise is uence of social behaviour patterns. We also surmise that this work broadens work broadens this that We surmise patterns. also behaviour of social uence c discoveries from the refl the from c discoveries Th e latter has involved the initiation of a professional development program development program of aprofessional initiation the involved has elatter rough this we found that it the research process became informal as the the as informal became process research it the that wefound this rough ese involved urban planning, development strategies, briefi development strategies, planning, urban involved ese Endeavours of Practice ed as part of a strategic visions and initiatives stream (as described (as described stream initiatives and visions of astrategic part as ed edging movement as as movement edging ective process: the enhancement of our preferred preferred of our enhancement the process: ective ection rather than debate or discourse. Later we rst seminar in our program for tutors at Krasnodar atKrasnodar for tutors program our in seminar rst Th ), in that it mainly involves an approach prior prior approach an involves mainly it that in ), e Rise of Kubanism. e Rise cit in the region. Th region. the cit in uence the direction of urbanism and the the and of urbanism direction the uence identifi and uences, cial to the architectural profession. is work largely involves is program which was was which program is We have considered considered We have es three importantthree es ng documents, Mega Mega ese e Most signifi Most environments. professional and social in change toinstigate away as programs teaching and development strategies on urban focusing process, this in engaged primarily Iam that revealed has research My personal education. and activities, professional initiatives, on strategic focused constantly is practice the that revealed has research the un-built) and built of on work (both abody byfocusing webegan Where process. research of the part as documented been has and principles guiding our in manifests approach adaptive and inductive on intuition, the infl benefi the considered have and practitioners, self-taught are partners the that We established have methods. these from learn also could professions creative and practitioners other that We practice. suggest for future touse continue wewill which –tools process practice of the complexities and workings the understand and examine Th specifi location- with design our drive that principles We guiding uncovered have contexts. historic and social, tocultural, approach aconsidered weforeground but that in sense, stylistic the –not in contextual is architecture our that We discovered have research. of further worthy notion is this that suggest We context. of local restraints the and practice of global banality the overcoming the specifi Th pathways. design individual and distinctive topursue other the empowers partner each which in process, licensing adynamic as partners the between interactions the We years. now articulate for many premise underlying its formed and practice, of the establishment tothe werefundamental traits its and Biculturalism practice. of our knowledge. Th tested and articulated into consciously action instinctive building knowledge, tacit from University. RMIT Th candidates fellow and supervisors with atmosphere acollegial in we enjoyed working Th Tanya and Kalinina. McAdam James partners, its Th statement: following the make to like Iwould conclusion In development strategies. city and planning on urban discourse in participation increasing an and development initiative architectural an – emerged have of activity streams Two new ventures. into new distinct speculation refl because program, research the Furthermore, it is clear that new directions in practice have emerged throughout creation of situations in which to practice. topractice. which in of situations creation the in participate and initiate, ahead, –weplan toeventuate fornot projects wait wedo We that deduced pursued. have practically then and explored speculatively been informed directly Th practice. of our trajectory the toreshape begun have by the research process, which allows new ventures to be e Practice Research Program was of enormous benefi of enormous was Program Research ePractice rough the research we have contrived specifi contrived wehave research the rough c parameters forming the basis of the process. of the basis the forming c parameters ts of not being apprenticed in the traditional ways. Instead, we have relied relied wehave Instead, ways. traditional the in apprenticed of notts being c nature of our current bicultural practice, which we argue is a model amodel is weargue which practice, bicultural current of our c nature cantly, as a direct consequence of this Practice Research Program we Program Research Practice of this consequence adirect cantly, as is has given us a new understanding of the strengths and characteristics characteristics and strengths of the understanding anew us given has is uence of peripheral mentors, and learning by experience. Th byexperience. learning mentors, and of peripheral uence rough it, we have uncovered much about our own previously previously own our about much uncovered it, wehave rough ection and analysis have formed the basis for basis the formed have analysis and ection c methods and tools with which to which with tools and c methods e process was enlightening and and enlightening was eprocess t to McAdam Architects and and Architects McAdam to t ese new directions have have directions new ese is has informed informed has is is 18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings

183 184 Bibliography Melvin, JeremyMelvin, Matthew Gandy (Ed.) (Ed.) Gandy Matthew Research in Architecture Blythe, Richard and van Schaik, Leon Leon Schaik, van and Richard Blythe, Berman, Marshall Strongman, Cathy Cathy Strongman, 2006) Jon Rowland, and Moor, Malcolm 2006) Kahneman, Daniel Daniel Kahneman, Carl Jung, Jane Jacobs, ofToday House the to Future ofthe House the Max Risselada, denand van Dirk Heuval, Malcolm Gladwell, Michel Foucault, the City Catherine Cooke, 1991) Cohen, Jean-Louis 2011)(France Chaubin, Frederic Robert Bruegmann, Jorge Louis Borges, Bachelard, Gaston Bullivant, Lucy Lucy Bullivant, (London 1995) (London Memories, Dreams, Refl Dreams, Memories, Th e Death and Life of Great American Cities American ofGreat Life and eDeath Country Houses Today Houses Country Masterplanning Futures Masterplanning Th

CCCP: Cosmic Communist Constructions Photographed Photographed Constructions Communist Cosmic CCCP: All that is Solid Melts into Air into Melts Solid is that All e Order ofTh eOrder Th Russian Avant-Garde: Th Avant-Garde: Russian Th Th Outliers – the story of success ofsuccess story –the Outliers Le Corbusier and the Mystique of the USSR ofthe Mystique the and Corbusier Le Labyrinths, selected stories and other writings other and stories selected Labyrinths, e Poetics ofSpace ePoetics e Sustainable Home eSustainable Sprawl, a compact history acompact Sprawl, inking, Fast and Slow and Fast inking, Urban Constellations Murray Fraser (Ed.) Fraser Murray ings Urban Design Futures, Futures, Design Urban ections (Paris 1966) (Paris What ifWhat practice design matters? Design , John Wiley & Sons Ltd. (England (England Ltd. &Sons , John Wiley (Paris 1958) (Paris Routledge (Oxford 2012) (Oxford Routledge , Merrell (London 2008) (London , Merrell Alison and Peter Smithson - from -from Smithson Peter and Alison , (London 1963), (London eories of Art, Architecture and and Architecture ofArt, eories (Berlin 2011) (Berlin (USA 2011) (USA

Ashgate (London 2013) (London Ashgate ( USA 2005) (USA (Rotterdam 2004) , (New York, (New 1982) (USA 2008) (1961) Routledge (England (England Routledge (Princeton (USA 1964) (USA Volume CCXXXIV No. 1400 pp. Oct. 82-88 Volume CCXXXIV Program, Research Practice Tom Leon, 2013 Saunt, RMIT Holbrook Deborah Schaik, van Innovator in Practice Leon Schaik, van 2011) (Melbourne onepointsixone RMIT at Research Practice Design Invitation: By Practice, By Johnson, Anna and Leon Schaik, van Mastering Architecture: Becoming a Creative aCreative Becoming Architecture: Mastering Practice Makes Perfect Makes Practice (Wiley Academy, Chichester 2005) Academy, Chichester (Wiley Architecture & Design, &Design, Architecture Th e Architectural Review Review eArchitectural