Development of Orienteering Maps' Standardization
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Beaconsfield Revisited
ORIENTEERING BEACONSFIELD REVISITED HISTORY Reflections on the event that started it all The event that started the present orienteering movement in Australia With two to three weeks to go, I contacted the media with the news was held on 23 August 1969 in Upper Beaconsfield, in the hills south• that a 'new sport from Sweden' was about to be introduced. Notices of east of Melbourne. invitation were sent to bushwalking and athletics clubs. My own memories of the event include: On the day about 28 starters took part. We also attracted three • an expectation, as an experienced 24-hour walker (= rogainer), that officials from the Victorian Amateur Athletics Association (VAAA), it was going to be easy (how wrong I was!); mainly to observe that the code of 'amateurism' was not tampered with. • plotting my control locations from grid references (rogaining-style) This was running and they controlled running and all Harrier activities then subsequently checking the master maps (accessible after the were the VAAA's responsibilities. However, as there were no notable start) to discover that almost all were in slightly different places; professional athletes taking part and no big monetary prizes they left us • running down a long straight stretch of road in the opposite direction alone with a warning to officially advise them of any future events that from a fit-looking athlete in track gear, and wondering which of us involved running! was wrong: The start and finish took place at the Pine Hotel in Upper Beacons• • visiting several clearings and looking at the view in order to work out field. -
BLAZING YOUR TRAIL Grades 5-12 2 Hours
BLAZING YOUR TRAIL Grades 5-12 2 Hours Thank you for booking our “Blazing Your Trail” program at Fort Whyte Alive. This program is designed to help your students learn the skills necessary to conduct basic land navigation, such that they feel comfortable in an outdoor school, work, or recreational setting. One of the most significant barriers to people feeling comfortable in nature is the fear of getting lost. This program will teach skills to help students feel confident in nature. Appropriate Dress for Your Field Trip To ensure that students get the most out of their FortWhyte experience, we ask that they be appropriately dressed for a 2-hour outdoor excursion. All of our programs include time outdoors, regardless of weather. Comfort and safety are key in making this an enjoyable and memorable experience. PLEASE NOTE: We STRONGLY encourage students to come to this program with a watch, or some other way of telling the correct time. Please try to see that your group is equipped! Suggestions for Outdoor Dress Layering of clothing is very important in maintaining body temperature and in remaining dry. Four thin garments may offer the same degree of warmth as one thick overcoat, but the four layers allow much greater flexibility. Layers can be shed or added as temperature, wind, exertion, or other variables dictate. Waterproof outer layers are also important. Rain may get us wet but so will dew on grass, melting snow on pants and puddles in the spring. Boots in the winter are always important to keep moisture out and heat in. -
Orienteering at Brighton Woods
ORIENTEERING AT BRIGHTON WOODS • There are eight numbered posts (controls) for the orienteering course at Brighton Woods. Each has a number that corresponds to the number on the Brighton Woods Orienteering Map, but they may be found in any order. • It is easier to go directly from control to control when there is less ground cover: late fall, winter, and early spring. Long pants are recommended because of the poison ivy and ticks. 1. NUMBERED CONTROL DESCRIPTIONS 1. Sports Field 2. Southwest End of Pipeline Clearing 3. Amphitheater 4. The Bridge 5. Head of Trail 6. Rock Outcropping 7. River 8. Northeast End of Pipeline Clearing 2. PLOTTING THE COURSE • Find control #1 on the map.(The Sports Field.) • On the map, line up one edge of the compass from where you are (Control #1: Sports Field) to where you want to go, (Control # 2: Southwest End of Pipeline Clearing) making sure the direction-of-travel arrow faces your destination point. (This is the first secret of orienteering.) • Rotate the housing of the compassso that the gridlines are parallel to the North - South gridlines on the orienteering map. The cardinal point N must be at the North side of your map. (This is the second secret to orienteering.) • Readyour bearing in degrees at the Bearing Index. (At the Direction-of- Travel line, or the "Read Bearing Here" mark.) The number of degrees is * • Do not rotate the housing again until you need a new bearing! 3. FINDING THE FIXED CONTROLS • Stand directly in front of the control #1 and hold your compass level and squarely in front of your body. -
Land Navigation, Compass Skills & Orienteering = Pathfinding
LAND NAVIGATION, COMPASS SKILLS & ORIENTEERING = PATHFINDING TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. LAND NAVIGATION, COMPASS SKILLS & ORIENTEERING-------------------p2 1.1 FIRST AID 1.2 MAKE A PLAN 1.3 WHERE ARE YOU NOW & WHERE DO YOU WANT TO GO? 1.4 WHAT IS ORIENTEERING? What is LAND NAVIGATION? WHAT IS PATHFINDING? 1.5 LOOK AROUND YOU WHAT DO YOU SEE? 1.6 THE TOOLS IN THE TOOLBOX MAP & COMPASS PLUS A FEW NICE THINGS 2 HOW TO USE A COMPASS-------------------------------------------p4 2.1 2.2 PARTS OF A COMPASS 2.3 COMPASS DIRECTIONS 2.4 HOW TO USE A COMPASS 2.5 TAKING A BEARING & FOLLOWING IT 3 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP THE BASICS OF MAP READING---------------------p8 3.1 TERRAIN FEATURES- 3.2 CONTOUR LINES & ELEVATION 3.3 TOPO MAP SYMBOLS & COLORS 3.4 SCALE & DISTANCE MEASURING ON A MAP 3.5 HOW TO ORIENT A MAP 3.6 DECLINATION 3.7 SUMMARY OF COMPASS USES & TIPS FOR USING A COMPASS 4 DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAPS----------------------------------------p13 4.1 PLANIMETRIC 4.2 PICTORIAL 4.3 TOPOGRAPHIC(USGS, FOREST SERVICE & NATIONAL PARK) 4.4 ORIENTIEERING MAP 4.5 WHERE TO GET MAPS ON THE INTERNET 4.6 HOW TO MAKE YOUR OWN ORIENTEERING MAP 5 LAND NAVIGATION & ORIENTEERING--------------------------------p14 5.1 WHAT IS ORIENTEERING? 5.2 Orienteering as a sport 5.3 ORIENTEERING SYMBOLS 5.4 ORIENTERING VOCABULARY 6 ORIENTEERING-------------------------------------------------p17 6.1 CHOOSING YOUR COURSE COURSE LEVELS 6.2 DOING YOUR COURSE 6.3 CONTROL DESCRIPTION CARDS 6.4 CONTROL DESCRIPTIONS 6.5 GPS A TOOL OR A CRUTCH? 7 THINGS TO REMEMBER-------------------------------------------p22 -
History of Orienteering Maps
History of orienteering maps 12th International Conference on 12th International Conference on László Zentai: History of orienteering maps László Zentai: History of orienteering maps Orienteering Mapping Orienteering Mapping 21 August 2007, Kiev 21 August 2007, Kiev How did it start? Important dates 31 October 1897 • 1899, Norway: the first ski-o event near Oslo, Norway. • 1922, Sweden, the first night-o event Map of the first • 1925, Sweden, the first event for ladies orienteering event. • 1931, Sweden: the first national championships in orienteering There were 4 different maps • 1932, Norway: the first international event available: • 1936, the establishment of SOFT it is a 1:30000 scale ski map. • 1945, the establishment of Finnish and Norwegian Orienteering Federation, the first o-magazine (Suunnistaja) • 1946, the establishment of NORD • 1949, Sweden, eleven countries participate on an international conference on rules and mapping standards 12th International Conference on 12th International Conference on László Zentai: History of orienteering maps László Zentai: History of orienteering maps Orienteering Mapping Orienteering Mapping 21 August 2007, Kiev 21 August 2007, Kiev How did it start (maps)? How did it start (maps)? 30 October 1941 1948 Gupumarka, Norway. Norbykollen, Norway. The first orienteering map The first orienteering specially drawn/fieldworked map made by using for an orienteering event. airphotos. It was an illegal night event (under Made by Per Wang. German occupation). 12th International Conference on 12th International Conference on László Zentai: History of orienteering maps László Zentai: History of orienteering maps Orienteering Mapping Orienteering Mapping 21 August 2007, Kiev 21 August 2007, Kiev How did it start (maps)? The year of first o-events in different countries 30 April 1950 Norway, 1897. -
Abbreviated Compass Expedition Course Guide
Course # 3 Abbreviated Compass Expedition (0.3 miles, 6 navigation points) This adventure is an intermediate course for navigating with a compass. For ease of use, this course uses yards (instead of feet). An Orienteering map is also included. Map: If you donʼt want to figure compass headings from the map, compass headings are provided in the Course Guide. If you are a Scout, try using your compass and map to determine your headings. This is a good practice course for learning and working up to your First Class Requirement 4A The Course Guide also provides helpful hints to keep you on track. If done correctly, you will be rewarded with a geocache treasure. Most navigation points will be marked with brass monuments, but not all of them. The monuments are between 2” and 3” in diameter. Geocache: • To get into the geocache, you MUST know what year the War of 1812 began. • Once inside the geocache, be sure to sign the visitor guest book! • Bring a little token goodie to leave inside the geocache if you want to take something out. Good luck and HAVE FUN!!! Course Guide #3 Abbreviated Compass Expedition BE SURE TO CHECK DECLINATION!!! All headings provided are based on true north. As of 2019, the declination is 2.5˚ East, BUT DECLINATION CHANGES!!! Rev. 0 (10/2019) Marked Distance From To Heading Hint Y/N (yds) The starting point on the North Side of the Park’s Information Kiosk. When you enter Pecan Grove Park, the Kiosk is the small brick structure on your right, exactly 0 - - - - 300 feet from Pitts Road. -
Maps for Different Forms of Orienteering
MAPS FOR DIFFERENT FORMS OF ORIENTEERING László Zentai Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A H-1117 Budapest, Hungary [email protected] Abstract: Orienteering became a worldwide sport in the last 25-30 years. Orienteering maps are one of the very few types of maps that have the same specifications all over the world. Orienteering maps are special, because to make them suitable for orienteering the map makers have to be familiar not only with the map specifications, but also with the rules and traditions of the sport. The early period of orienteering maps was the age of homemade maps. Maps were made by orienteers using available tourist or topographic maps and only after the availability of cheaper reproduction techniques started the process of special field- working. The International Orienteering Federation (IOF) was formed in 1961. The Map Commission (MC) of the IOF has introduced different specifications for the official disciplines (before 2000 the ski-orienteering and foot-orienteering were the only official disciplines). The last version of the specification, the International Standard for Orienteering Maps (ISOM) was published in 2000 and included specifications for foot- orienteering, ski-orienteering, mountain-bike orienteering. A new format, the sprint competition, required new map specifications (ISSOM) which were finalized and published in 2007. The aim of orienteering map specifications is to provide rules that can accommodate many different types of terrain around the world and various forms of orienteering. We can use the experience of the official disciplines for developing new specifications: the official disciplines and formats were developed in the past 30 years (most of them are even newer). -
Advanced Orienteering Post-Visit Classroom Activities
Advanced Orienteering Post-visit Classroom Activities Brief Synopsis Set-up These activities will help reinforce the concepts learned at Eagle Bluff Students will practice using a map to calculate Environmental Learning Center while also enhancing a student’s compass bearings, distance, and elevation change. understanding of topographical maps and compasses. Students will also be able to measure distance by calculating the number of paces between objects Activity 1: “Exploring a Topographic Map!” on a schoolyard. Background: This activity is similar to that conducted during the outdoor portion of the Competitive Orienteering class, except in a written format. The objective of this activity is to calculate the compass bearing, distance and elevation change between two various points on the “Eagle Bluff Competitive Orienteering Map”. Supplies: One copy of the “Exploring a Topographic Map!”, “Eagle Bluff’s Designed for 5th—8th grade Competitive Orienteering Map” and “Compass Model” worksheets to each student, as well as a pair of scissors and one bracket. Time Considerations: 30 - 40 minutes per activity Procedures: Materials: Activity 1: Worksheets, brackets, scissors, 1. Distribute a copy of each worksheet, scissors and one bracket to every pencil; Activity 2: Objects or landmarks, measuring tape, student. blank paper, pencil 2. Have the students cut out the different compass parts on the “Compass Model” worksheet. Vocabulary: Topographic map, scale, compass rose, parts 3. Students should attach the dial onto the marked position on the base of a compass (index line, dial, base plate, direction of travel arrow), bearing, elevation, contour lines, plate of the compass with a bracket. This should allow the dial to be declination lines, distance and paces. -
Adventure Racing/Navigation 101 What to Expect
Adventure Racing/Navigation 101 Adventure Racing (AR) is a multi-sport, team event in which racers navigate their way from checkpoint to checkpoint using a map, compass and route strategy within a set time length. Typical disciplines: Why adventure race? • Navigation (map without a compass) • Multi-sport challenges • Orienteering (map and • Blend of endurance and speed, compass – “bushwhacking”) brains and brawn • Road & trail/mountain biking • Wilderness experience, explore new • Trekking/trail running places • Canoeing (sometimes) • For all levels of abilities • Other (rock climbing, swimming) • Teamwork • Amazing Race-style challenges (we • Act like a kid (treasure hunt) add these to some shorter races) • Anticipation, memories • Like no other sport/event What to Expect • Pre-Race briefing: • Explain the course, rules, hand out maps and the passport • Passport: • Must get signed or punched at every checkpoint. • Control points or Checkpoints (CP): • All teams must locate the CPs. Some will be manned and some will be a triangle flag with a hole punch • Transition Areas (TA) • Where teams transition from one activity to another (bike, trek, paddle). Usually bike or paddle gear can be left at TA while doing other activity. • Gear check: • Many races will have random locations throughout the course to check if the team and individuals have all mandatory gear (see Required Gear on site) • Finish: • Performance is based on how many CPs you get within a set time limit. If you get 30 checkpoints in 3 hours but another team gets 31 checkpoints in 3:59, they finish above you. 1 Compass Elements, How to Use • Rotate compass housing to align with the desired direction (“bearing”, e.g., west or 270 degrees) with the direction of travel arrow. -
Wilderness Navigation Outline
Wilderness Navigation Outline Big Idea Topographic maps and observation of the landscape allow us to navigate in unknown areas with confidence. Essential Questions • By observing our surroundings, what tools can help us find our location on a map? • How does learning these skills increase our appreciation of new places and our ability to explore them? Vocabulary • Compass Rose—shows the cardinal directions on a map • Conspicuous—standing out so as to be clearly visible • Contour lines—lines on a map joining points of equal height above or below sea level • Depression—a sunken physical landmark • Elevation—height above sea level • Knoll—a small hill or mound • Landmark—a feature on the landscape that is easily recognized from a distance • Legend/Key—the wording on a map or diagram explaining the symbols used • Orient—to align or position a map relative to the points of a compass or other speci- fied location • Scale—shows the size of things on a map relative to their size in real life • Topographic—a detailed representation or description of natural or artificial physical features on a map Lesson Outline • Map Introduction • Map Making • Understanding Contour Lines • Fun Course • The Woods Course–Part I • Compass Introduction/The Woods Course–Part II Great Smoky mountainS inStitute at tremont 1 Wilderness Navigation Outline Optional Activities • Topo Symbols Game • More Compass Work—Taking a Bearing • The Story of Jack and the Soap Rings • The Shadow THE TEACHER’S ROLE The Wilderness Navigation class will be taught by a Tremont naturalist with support from teachers and chaperones. Often for schools participating in cooperative teaching, two lesson groups will be combined in this class, resulting in a group size of up to 30 students. -
Whistle Free
FREE WHISTLE PDF Daisuke Higuchi | 208 pages | 03 Dec 2007 | Viz Media, Subs. of Shogakukan Inc | 9781591166856 | English | San Francisco, United States Whistle | Definition of Whistle at Entry 1 of 2 1 a : a small wind instrument in which sound is produced by the Whistle passage of breath through a slit Whistle a short tube a police whistle b : a device through which air or steam is forced into a Whistle or against a thin edge to produce a loud sound a factory whistle 2 a : a shrill clear sound produced by forcing breath out or air in through the puckered lips b : the sound produced by a whistle c : a signal given by or as if by whistling 3 Whistle a sound that resembles a whistle especially : a shrill clear note of or as if of a bird Whistle. We could hear the train's whistle. Whistle could hear the low whistle of the wind through the trees. He whistled Whistle a cab. He whistled a happy tune. The teakettle started to whistle. A bullet whistled past him. Army whistle -blower, and Gavin Grimm, the Virginia high-school student who sued his Whistle district for the right to use the bathroom that corresponded to his gender identity. Auburn," Whistle Sep. Send us Whistle. See more words from the same century From the Editors at Merriam-Webster. Whetting your whistle is painful; Whistle your appetite is impossible. Dictionary Entries near whistle whist whist drive whist family whistle whistleblower whistle duck whistle past the graveyard. Accessed 21 Oct. Keep scrolling Whistle more More Definitions for whistle Whistle. -
The New Speciafication of Orienteering Maps
Proceedings, 7th International Conference on Cartography and GIS, 18-23 June 2018, Sozopol, Bulgaria ISSN: 1314-0604, Eds: Bandrova T., Konečný M. ISOM2017: THE NEW SPECIFICATION OF ORIENTEERING MAPS (AN INSIGHT) László Zentai László ZENTAI; Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Address: Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Tel. +36 1 372 2975, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Orienteering maps are one of the very few maps where the map specification is internationally standardised. As orienteering maps are a kind of sport goods, the standardisation of these cartographic products was a must to guarantee the fairness of the sport. The latest specification of (forest) orienteering maps was published in 2000. Although there were no urgent issues, the development of the sport and the IT technologies required regular revision of the map specification. After the release of the previous International Specification on Orienteering Maps (ISOM), a new form of event, the sprint format was developed. As sprint events are regularly organised in urban environment (park, or downtown area), a new maps specification was developed in the first decade of the 20th century (ISSOM = International Specification of Sprint Orienteering Maps). The recent update of ISOM originally would include both specifications (ISOM and ISSOM), but finally only the ISOM was the focus. Keywords: orienteering maps, topographic maps, standardization, legend, cartographic symbols WHY ORIENTEERING MAPS ARE SO SPECIAL? History Orienteering maps are one of the very few maps where the map specification is internationally standardised. The standardisation was a relatively fast process, although the sport itself is more than 100 years old; there was not too much focus on maps and practically nothing on the standardisation in the first half of the progress.