Andrei Korobeinikov Mikhail Gaiduk Lahti Symphony Orchestra

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Andrei Korobeinikov Mikhail Gaiduk Lahti Symphony Orchestra Andrei Korobeinikov piano Mikhail Gaiduk trompette Lahti Symphony Orchestra Okko Kamu direction Dimitri Chostakovitch (1906-1975) 2 Concerto pour piano et trompette n° 1 18. XIV Adagio 2'34 en ut mineur opus 35 19. XV Allegretto 1'04 1. Allegretto 6'01 20. XVI Andantino 1'01 2. Lento 8'33 21. XVII Largo 2'21 3. Moderato 1'48 22. XVIII Allegretto 0'50 4. Allegro con brio 6'53 23. XIX Andantino 2'10 24. XX Allegretto furioso 0'39 Vingt-quatre Préludes opus 34 25. XXI Allegretto poco moderato 0'40 5. I Moderato 1'21 26. XXII Adagio 3'01 6. II Allegretto 0'52 27. XXIII Moderato 0'47 7. III Andante 2'13 28. XXIV Allegretto 1'13 8. IV Moderato 2'16 9. V Allegro vivace 0'25 Concerto pour piano n° 2 en fa majeur 10. VI Allegretto 1'13 opus 102 11. VII Andante 1'45 29. Allegro 7'21 12. VIII Allegretto 0'53 30. Andante 7'33 13. IX Presto 0'35 31. Allegro (attacca) 5'42 14. X Moderato non troppo 2'03 15. XI Allegretto 0'50 16. XII Allegro non troppo 1'18 17. XIII Moderato 1'58 Durée : 78' 3 DIMITRI CHOSTAKOVITCH (1906-1975) Chostakovitch avec seulement trois partitions importantes et • 24 Préludes, op.34 (1933) véritablement réussies, les 24 Préludes op.34, le Concerto • Concerto n°1 pour piano, trompette et cordes, op.35, op.35 et les 24 Préludes et Fugues op.87. On est tenté de en ut mineur, (1933) rapprocher les Préludes op.34 des Visions fugitives op.22 • Concerto n°2 pour piano et orchestre, op.102, composées exactement au même âge par Prokofiev mais les en fa majeur (1957) univers psychologique et esthétique restent foncièrement dif- férents. Curieusement, c’est par la gravité que se distinguent Non seulement un quart de siècle sépare ces premières fréquemment les Préludes. Parcourant les 24 tonalités dans œuvres du 2e Concerto de 1957 mais la distance est encore l’ordre des quintes ascendantes, ils paraissent nettement bien plus grande entre le jeune Chostakovitch qui vient de se moins « fugitifs », plusieurs d’entre eux dépassant même les marier et vit dans l’euphorie de succès presque ininterrom- trois minutes. D’autres, en revanche, ne durent qu’une demi- pus1 et le compositeur de 50 ans qui a connu les épreuves minute et sont plutôt des esquisses d’idées jetées rapide- de deux condamnations officielles, des années de guerre et, ment sur le papier (l’ensemble fut composé en deux mois) sur le plan personnel, plusieurs échecs amoureux, conjugaux mais, comme chez Beethoven, rien n’est indifférent. ou non. Lorsqu’il compose les 24 Préludes et le 1er Concerto, C’est ce que confirme le succès de l’œuvre non seulement Chostakovitch n’a, en effet, que 26 ans mais il est déjà à la tête auprès des pianistes mais presque tout autant chez les violo- d’un catalogue comportant trois symphonies, deux opéras, nistes grâce à la transcription de dix-neuf préludes par Dimitri deux ballets et une dizaine de musiques de film ou de théâtre. Tsyganov, premier violon du Quatuor Beethoven et, plus ré- La composition de ces opéras, Le Nez d’après Gogol et La cemment, à celle, intégrale cette fois, de Lera Auerbach pour Lady Macbeth du district de Mzensk d’après Leskov l’a tenu violon et violoncelle. Les Préludes furent encore joués à l’alto, éloigné du piano de 1928 à 1933, sans trop de regrets sans à la guitare, à la flûte, voire par deux trombones (huitPréludes doute, après son échec en 1927 au premier Concours Chopin transcrits par Douglas Yeo et publiés par Schirmer !). Sept de Varsovie. Ce retour vers son instrument, six ans plus tard, Préludes ont été transcrits pour orchestre à cordes par Victor l’occupera durant tout le premier semestre de 1933, donnant Poltorasky et le n°14 par Stokowski pour un orchestre plus ces deux œuvres majeures après lesquelles il abandonne de que complet. Cet intérêt de tant de non-pianistes témoigne nouveau ce type de composition durant une dizaine d’année. de la qualité musicale singulière de ces pages mais c’est évi- Quatre partitions pour piano seulement verront encore le jour, demment l’exécution du cycle complet au piano qui leur rend la 2e Sonate, op.61 en 1942, les Préludes et fugues op.87 en le mieux justice. 1950, le bref Concertino pour deux pianos, op.94 en 1953 Le 6 mars 1933, quatre jours après avoir achevé les Pré- et ce 2e Concerto qui comme le Concertino est une œuvre ludes, Chostakovitch entame son 1er Concerto op.35. L’as- simple et facile composée pour accompagner les études de pect ludique si fréquent chez le jeune compositeur reprend ici piano de son fils Maxime. tous ses droits, ce que la trompette ne manque pas d’illustrer Contrairement à Prokofiev, les compositions pour piano ne avec éclat. tiennent donc qu’une place secondaire dans l’œuvre de La forme en trois mouvements est classique, avec un court 1 - Les critiques idéologiques qui s’expriment à propos de l’opéra Le Nez et des premiers ballets n’ont, à ce moment, aucun caractère officiel. TRACKS 4 FraNÇAIS PLAGES CD Moderato introduisant le Finale, le tout étant joué sans les organisations littéraires et artistiques en vue de les interruption. L’œuvre s’ouvre par une brève interpellation à remplacer par des Unions centralisées et contrôlables. La laquelle le piano répond par une large mélodie discursive musique étant au plan idéologique un art mineur comparé qui n’est pas sans analogie avec celles ouvrant le 2e à la littérature ou au cinéma, l’Union des compositeurs sera Concerto de Prokofiev ou le 3e Concerto de Rachmaninov. la dernière à être mise en place. Retardée en outre par Sa reprise par les cordes en accentue encore le lyrisme mais la guerre, elle ne deviendra véritablement contraignante pas pour longtemps, le tempo s’accélérant pour laisser qu’en 1948 avec la célèbre condamnation par Jdanov la place, avec le second thème, à un galop frénétique des principaux compositeurs soviétiques. Chostakovitch ponctué par la trompette. Le retour du premier thème souffrira énormément des humiliations qui suivirent, calme progressivement le jeu et mène à une brève coda largement exploitées par les jaloux et les médiocres. Il se suivie immédiatement du deuxième mouvement Lento. Les réfugie alors largement dans des quatuors qui reflètent cordes avec sourdines abandonnent le caractère décidé et ses tourments, en particulier le 5e Quatuor, véritable lettre joyeux du début. Les sonorités claires du piano et son ton d’amour déçu adressée en 1952 à une ancienne élève, déclamatoire forment un contraste d’autant plus grand que Galina Oustvolskaya. En 1953, un autre échec sentimental les cordes maintiennent leur discours mélancolique auquel trouve son tombeau dans la 10e Symphonie avec le motif se joint la trompette bouchée, si bien que le piano finit par musical crypté d’Elmira (Nazirova). Un an plus tard, le 5 partager ces effusions romantiques. décembre 1954, son épouse, Nina Varzar dont il vivait Le bref interlude Moderato rend cette gravité presque pratiquement séparé, meurt de leucémie en Arménie où tragique mais l’Allegro con brio final oublie tout cela et se elle avait repris du travail comme physicienne lorsque à la lance dans un pot-pourri extraordinaire où l’on trouve ou suite de la condamnation de 1948, son mari, avait perdu croit trouver toutes sortes de réminiscences, les plus citées la plus grande partie de ses revenus. Chostakovitch se étant une Sonate en ré majeur de Haydn (Hob.XVI :37) retrouve seul avec deux enfants adolescents. En juillet qui a beaucoup fait souffrir les élèves de Conservatoire 1956, sans rien dire à ses amis, ni même à ses enfants, il ou le Rondo-Capriccio op.129, une œuvre de jeunesse se marie avec une jeune militante komsomol, Margareta (1795-1798) à laquelle Beethoven avait donné le titre Kainova, rencontrée un mois auparavant dans un jury de « Alla ingharese, quasi un capriccio » mais que les aléas concours. La nouvelle épouse paraît peu convenir et elle de l’édition posthume ont gratifié d’un numéro d’opus et est mal acceptée. C’est dans ce contexte qu’il compose même d’une colère, celle d’un « sou perdu ». L’exubérance en février 1957 son 2e Concerto pour piano, op.102, en de Chostakovitch ne s’arrête pas là puisque l’on a encore vue de l’offrir à son fils à l’occasion de son dix-neuvième droit à une brève cadence inspirée par le jazz fort à la mode anniversaire et c’est effectivement à cette date, le 10 mai à cette époque en URSS et que l’on retrouvera, un an plus 1957, qu’il est créé par Maxime à Moscou. Deux ans après, tard, dans la 1e Suite pour orchestre de jazz. c’est Maxime qu’il charge de négocier le divorce d’avec Ce Concerto est contemporain de la fin de la période Margareta Kainova. universaliste et utopiste de la révolution bolchevique. On a dit beaucoup de mal de celle-ci, depuis son profil de Le 23 avril 1932, le Comité Central avait dissout toutes cheval jusqu’à son ignorance de la musique, son manque TRACKS 5 FraNÇAIS PLAGES CD d’adaptation à un milieu resté sans doute largement à annuler sa participation au concert prévu dans le cadre hostile. Composé huit mois après sa rencontre, le 2e de l’Exposition universelle de Bruxelles. Ces problèmes Concerto semble cependant apporter une autre image de de santé ne furent jamais résolus mais s’aggravèrent au la relation, car il n’existe dans l’œuvre de Chostakovitch contraire et Chostakovitch abandonna définitivement le de cette époque, aucune partition plus détendue, plus piano, tant comme interprète que comme compositeur.
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