Genetta Servalina, Servaline Genet

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T41700A45219189

Genetta servalina, Servaline Genet

Assessment by: Gaubert, P., De Luca, D.W., Rovero, F. & Do Linh San, E.

View on www.iucnredlist.org

Citation: Gaubert, P., De Luca, D.W., Rovero, F. & Do Linh San, E. 2015. Genetta servalina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T41700A45219189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41700A45219189.en

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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family

Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Viverridae

Taxon Name: Genetta servalina Pucheran, 1855

Common Name(s): • English: Servaline Genet • French: Genette servaline Taxonomic Notes: This species does not include the Crested Genet (Genetta cristata), which has been considered by some authors to be conspecific (e.g., Coetzee 1977, Wozencraft 1993) but is now considered to represent a distinct species. Five subspecies are recognised, including Lowe's Servaline Genet (G. s. lowei) which is geographically isolated in several Eastern Arc Mountain blocks (Tanzania). Assessment Information

Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Published: 2015

Date Assessed: February 28, 2015

Justification: Servaline Genet is listed as Least Concern because the species has a wide distribution range, is present in a variety of habitats, and it appears to be common. It may be undergoing localised declines in some regions due to hunting and forest loss, especially in the Eastern Arc Mountains and Zanzibar.

Previously Published Red List Assessments 2008 – Least Concern (LC) – http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41700A10533436.en

1996 – Lower Risk/least concern (LR/lc)

Geographic Range

Range Description: Servaline Genet ranges from southern Cameroon, south of the Sanaga River, and Central African Republic and southwards in Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo to southern Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, and possibly also Burundi (unconfirmed record from Kibira forest; Wilson, 1990). There are discontinuous populations in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania, including the North Pare Mtns, Udzungwa Mtns, East Usambara Mtns, Uluguru Mtns, Rubeho Mtns, and Nguru North and South Mtns (Rovero et al. 2006, Cordero and Seltzer 2012, Van Rompaey and Colyn 2013). De Luca and Mpunga (2013) did not camera-trap or observe the species in Mt Rungwe Nature Reserve and Kitulo National Park, south-west Tanzania. Similarly, a recent camera-trapping study did not yield any picture of

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Genetta servalina – published in 2015. 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41700A45219189.en Servaline Genet from the Mlele Beekeeping Zone and the northern part of Rukwe Game Reserve, western Tanzania (Fischer et al. 2013). Gaubert et al. (2006) gave museum records from north of the Sanaga River, from several additional localities in Tanzania, as well as from two localities in south- eastern DR Congo (these are not mapped). The species is present on Zanzibar (Van Rompaey and Colyn 1998, Goldman and Winther-Hansen 2003). It is recorded from almost sea level to 3,500 m a.s.l. on Mt Elgon, Kenya (Kingdon 1977) and perhaps to elevations above 4,400 m a.s.l. in eastern DR Congo (Verschuren 1972).

Country Occurrence: Native: Cameroon; Central African Republic; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Kenya; Rwanda; Sudan; Tanzania, United Republic of; Uganda

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Genetta servalina – published in 2015. 3 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41700A45219189.en Population This is a common species. In Gabon, Charles-Dominique (1978) estimated the average density at one individual/km². Kingdon (1977) noted that the species appeared to be particularly common at an altitude between 2,100 and 3,000 m a.s.l. on Mt Elgon, and it is also common in moist forests of the Udzungwa Mountains at altitudes of 300–1,800 m a.s.l. (De Luca and Mpunga 2002, F. Rovero pers. obs. 2002-2014). Current Population Trend: Unknown

Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) This species is present in primary and secondary lowland, submontane and montane forests and gallery forests. In Gabon, Servaline Genet was recently recorded throughout the country and across most habitat types (Bahaa-el-din et al. 2013). Van Rompaey and Colyn (2013) gave a summary of several of the habitats from which they have been recorded including wet forests in Kenya, high-altitude bamboo forest in the Udzungwa Mountains, and groundwater forest and coral rag thicket on Zanzibar.

Systems: Terrestrial

Use and Trade Servaline Genets are common in bushmeat markets, as in Gabon (Bahaa-el-din et al. 2013), and the skins are used for wrist-bracelets and dancing hats, and for loin-cloths among both Mbuti and Ba’aka pygmies (Van Rompaey and Colyn 2013). Threats There are no major threats to this species. It is believed that the current use of this species does not threaten local populations.

Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information) Servaline Genet is present in several protected areas across the range, including G. s. archeri in Jozani–Chakwa Bay National Park, Zanzibar (Goldman and Winther-Hansen 2003, D. De Luca pers. obs. 2014). Lowe’s Servaline Genet was rediscovered in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park in south- central Tanzania after a gap of nearly 70 years (Brink et al. 2002, De Luca and Mpunga 2002). Credits

Assessor(s): Gaubert, P., De Luca, D.W., Rovero, F. & Do Linh San, E.

Reviewer(s): Duckworth, J.W. & Hoffmann, M.

Contributor(s): Hoffmann, M.

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Genetta servalina – published in 2015. 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41700A45219189.en Bibliography Bahaa-el-din, L., Henschel, P., Aba’a, R., Abernethy, K., Bohm, T., Bout, N., Coad, L., Head, J., Inoue, E., Lahm, S., Lee, M. E., Maisels, F., Rabanal, L., Starkey, M., Taylor, G., Vanthomme, A., Nakashima, Y. and Hunter, L. 2013. Notes on the distribution and status of small carnivores in Gabon. Small Carnivore Conservation 48: 19-29.

Brink, H., Topp-Jørgensen, J.E. and Marshall, A.R. 2002. First record in 68 years of Lowe’s servaline genet. Oryx 36: 323-327.

Charles-Dominique, P. 1978. Ecologie et vie sociale de Nandinia binotata (carnivores, viverridés): Comparaison avec les prosimiens sympatriques du Gabon. La Terre et la Vie 32: 477-528.

Coetzee, C.G. 1977. Order Carnivora. Part 8. In: J. Meester and H.W. Setzer (eds), The Mammals of Africa: An Identification Manual, pp. 1-42. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Cordeiro, N.J. and Seltzer, C.E. 2012. First Record of the Servaline Genet (Genetta servalina) in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Journal of East African Natural History 101(1): 17-27.

De Luca, D. and Mpunga, N. E. 2002. Preliminary observations of Lowe's Servaline Genet (Genetta servaline lowei) from Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Small Carnivore Conservation 27: 17-18.

De Luca, D. and Mpunga, N.E. 2013. Small carnivores of the Mt Rungwe–Kitulo landscape, southwest Tanzania: presence, distributions and threats. Small Carnivore Conservation 48: 67-82.

Fischer, C., Tagand, R. and Hausser, Y. 2013. Diversity and distribution of small carnivores in a miombo woodland within the Katavi region, Western Tanzania. Small Carnivore Conservation 48: 60-66.

Gaubert, P., Papes, M. and Peterson, A.T. 2006. Natural history collections and the conservation of poorly known taxa: Ecological niche modeling in central African rainforest genets (Genetta spp.). Biological Conservation 130: 106-117.

Goldman, H.V. and Winther-Hansen, J. 2003. First photographs of the Zanzibar servaline Genet Genetta servalina archeri and other endemic subspecies on the island of Unguja, Tanzania. Small Carnivore Conservation 29: 1-4.

IUCN. 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015-4. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 19 November 2015).

Kingdon, J. 1977. East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Volume IIIA (Carnivores). Academic Press, London, UK.

Rovero, F., Doggart, N., Bowkett, A. and Burgess, N. 2006. New records for Lowe’s servaline genet from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. Oryx 40: 139.

Van Rompaey, H. and Colyn, M. 1998. A new Servaline Genet (Carnivora, Viverridae) from Zanzibar Island. South African Journal of Zoology 33: 42-46.

Van Rompaey, H. and Colyn, M. 2013. Genetta servalina Servaline Genet. In: J. Kingdon and M. Hoffmann (eds), The Mammals of Africa. V. Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses, pp. 242- 245. Bloomsbury, London, UK.

Verschuren, J. 1972. Contribution à l’écologie des Primates, Pholidota, Carnivora, Tubulidentata et Hyracoidea (Mammifères). In: F. Bourlière and J. Verschuren (eds), Exploration du Parc National des Virungas, pp. 1-61. Brussels, Belgium.

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Genetta servalina – published in 2015. 5 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41700A45219189.en Wilson, V.J. 1990. A Preliminary Survey of the Duikers and Other Large Mammals of Burundi, East Africa. Chipangali Wildlife Trust, Bulawayo.

Wozencraft, W.C. 1993. Order Carnivora. In: D.E. Wilson and D.M. Reeder (eds), Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second Edition, pp. 279-344. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Citation Gaubert, P., De Luca, D.W., Rovero, F. & Do Linh San, E. 2015. Genetta servalina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T41700A45219189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015- 4.RLTS.T41700A45219189.en

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Habitats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Major Season Suitability Habitat Importance? 1. Forest -> 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland - Suitable -

1. Forest -> 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane - Suitable -

3. Shrubland -> 3.6. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist - Suitable -

Conservation Actions Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Conservation Actions Needed 2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management

Research Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Research Needed 1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends

1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology

1. Research -> 1.5. Threats

Additional Data Fields

Distribution Lower elevation limit (m): 0

Upper elevation limit (m): 3500

Population Population severely fragmented: No

Habitats and Ecology Generation Length (years): 4

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Genetta servalina – published in 2015. 7 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41700A45219189.en The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T41700A45219189

The IUCN Red List Partnership

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership.

The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™