A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all.
Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards.
We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations.
© Amnesty International 2018 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) license. Cover photo: Maize growing next to one of the sites where toxic waste was dumped in August 2006, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode at the domestic waste dump at Akouédo, Abidjan (UNDAC site reference 1.1). July 2016 © Amnesty For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org International Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons lisence. First published in 2018 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X ODW, UK
Index: AFR 45/7594/2018 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 METHODOLOGY 6
1. THE DUMPING OF THE TOXIC WASTE AND ITS IMPACT 7 1.1 THE DUMPING OF THE TOXIC WASTE 7 1.2 HEALTH IMPACT 8 1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 11
2. THE CASE FOR A LONG-TERM HEALTH STUDY 19 2.1 LEGACY OF FEAR 19 2.2 OBLIGATIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 22
3. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 25 3.1 CONCLUSION 25 3.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 25
A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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A basin in the residential area of Plateau Dokui. Toxic waste collected here, having travelled downstream from the “Coco Service” dumpsite about 2km upstream (UNDAC site reference 2.1). July 2016 © Amnesty International
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A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 7 9JGP6TCƂIWTCOCFGVJGYCUVGKVMPGYVJCVKVYCU 1.2 HEALTH IMPACT JC\CTFQWUDWVFKFPQVMPQYJQYVQFKURQUGQHKV UCHGN[96JGEQORCP[VTKGFCPFHCKNGFVQFKURQUGQH “This is the biggest health catastrophe that VJGYCUVGKPUGXGTCNNQECVKQPUDGHQTG%ÐVGFo+XQKTG KPENWFKPI6JG0GVJGTNCPFUCPF0KIGTKC9JGP Côte d’Ivoire has known.” 6TCƂIWTCVTKGFVQFKURQUGQHVJGYCUVGKP#OUVGTFCO s&T,GCP&GPQOCPVJGP&GRWV[)GPGTCN&KTGEVQTQH*GCNVJHQT KP,WN[D[FKUIWKUKPIKVCUYCUVGRTQFWEGF VJG%ÐVGFo+XQKTG/KPKUVT[QH*GCNVJCPF2WDNKE*[IKGPG FWTKPIVJGUJKRoUPQTOCNQRGTCVKQPUKVVTKIIGTGF CPGPXKTQPOGPVCNKPEKFGPVCHVGTRGQRNGKPVJGCTGC 1PVJGOQTPKPIQH#WIWUVTGUKFGPVU EQORNCKPGFQHVJGUOGNNCPFGZRGTKGPEGFPCWUGC CTQWPF#DKFLCPYQMGWRVQCUVTQPICPFCNNRGTXCFKPI FK\\KPGUUCPFJGCFCEJGU UOGNNVJCVVJG[EQPUKUVGPVN[FGUETKDGFCUUWHHQECVKPI NKMGCOKZQHTQVVGPGIIUICTNKEICUCPFRGVTQNGWO 6GUVUTGXGCNGFVJCVVJGYCUVGYCUJKIJN[ EQPVCOKPCVGFCPFPGGFGFURGEKCNKUVVTGCVOGPV 6JGKORCEVQPJGCNVJYCUKOOGFKCVG2GQRNG &GURKVGVJKU6TCƂIWTCTGLGEVGFCPQHHGTVQVTGCVVJG DGICPVQUVTGCOKPVQ#DKFLCPoUOGFKECNHCEKNKVKGU YCUVGKPCURGEKCNKUVHCEKNKV[KP6JG0GVJGTNCPFUHQT EQORNCKPKPIQHCEQODKPCVKQPQHUKOKNCTJGCNVJ QPGGWTQRGTOQHYCUVG YJKEJYQWNFVJGPJCXG RTQDNGOUUWEJCUDTGCVJKPIFKHƂEWNVKGUJGCFCEJGU GSWCNNGFCTQWPF75HQTVJGVQVCNCOQWPV CPFUVKPIKPIUMKPG[GUCPFPQUGU#VVJCVVKOG QHYCUVGQPDQCTF CPF&WVEJCWVJQTKVKGUCNNQYGF OGFKECNUVCHHJCFPQVKEGFCPGZVTGOGN[DCFUOGNN 6TCƂIWTCVQTGNQCFVJGYCUVGDCEMQPVQVJGUJKR PGCTVJGKTJQOGUQTYQTMRNCEGUDWVYGTGPQVCYCTG VJCVVQZKEYCUVGJCFDGGPFWORGFCTQWPFVJGEKV[ 6JGVQZKEYCUVGYCUƂPCNN[FWORGFKNNGICNN[KP%ÐVG Fo+XQKTGD[CNQECNEQORCP[VJCV6TCƂIWTCJKTGFVQ 1P#WIWUVVJG/KPKUVT[QHVJG'PXKTQPOGPV FKURQUGQHKVHQTLWUVWPFGT75sCOWEJ KPHQTOGFVJG/KPKUVGTQH*GCNVJQHVJGFWORKPI20 NQYGTRTKEGVJCPSWQVGFKP6JG0GVJGTNCPFUGXGP 6JG/KPKUVGTKOOGFKCVGN[KPKVKCVGFCOGFKECN VCMKPIKPVQCEEQWPVNKMGN[RTKEGFKHHGTGPEGUDGVYGGP GOGTIGPE[TGURQPUGVJGUEQRGQHYJKEJGZRCPFGF 9GUVGTP'WTQRGCPF9GUV#HTKEC6JGYCUVGGPFGF CUOQTGFWORUKVGUYGTGFKUEQXGTGFCPFOQTGRGQRNG WRKPMPQYPNQECVKQPUCTQWPF#DKFLCPENQUGVQ UQWIJVVTGCVOGPV6JG/KPKUVT[QH*GCNVJKPETGCUGF JQWUGUYQTMRNCEGUUEJQQNUƂGNFUQHETQRUCPFVJG VJGPWODGTQHFGUKIPCVGFVTGCVOGPVHCEKNKVKGU EKV[RTKUQP HTQOVYQJQURKVCNUVQOGFKECNEGPVTGUCPF
+PVGTPCN6TCƂIWTCGOCKNUFKUENQUGFCU4GECPF4GEQH'ZJKDKV/,&/QVVQX6TCƂIWTC #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNCPF)TGGPRGCEGThe Toxic Truth,%JCRVGT &WVEJ2TQUGEWVKQP&GEKUKQPRCTCU #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNCPF)TGGPRGCEGThe Toxic Truth,R 'OCKNVQ6TCƂIWTCFKUENQUGFCU4GEQH'ZJKDKV/,&/QVVQX6TCƂIWTC &WVEJ2TQUGEWVKQP&GEKUKQPRCTC 'WTQUEQPXGTVGFVQ75&QNNCTUCVVJGOKFOCTMGVGZEJCPIGTCVGCUQH,WN[ VJGFCVGQHVJGGOCKN CUTGRQTVGFQPYYYZGEQOEWTTGPE[VCDNGU CPFQPVJGDCUKUVJCVVJGXQNWOGQHYCUVGQPDQCTFVJGUJKRVJGPCOQWPVGFVQO 'OCKNHTQO6TCƂIWTCFKUENQUGFCU4GEQH'ZJKDKV/,&/QVVQX6TCƂIWTC &WVEJ2TQUGEWVKQP&GEKUKQPRCTCU .GVVGTHTQO%QORCIPKG6QOO[#WIWUVFKUENQUGFCU4GEQH'ZJKDKV/,&/QVVQX6TCƂIWTC%CNEWNCVKQPQH75DCUGFQP ƂIWTGURTQXKFGFKPCPKPVGTPCN6TCƂIWTCGOCKNQH#WIWUVFKUENQUGFCU4GEQH'ZJKDKV/,&/QVVQX6TCƂIWTC 0CVKQPCN%QOOKUUKQPQH'PSWKT[4CRRQTVFGNC%QOOKUUKQP0CVKQPCNF 'PSWGVGUWTNGU&GEJGVU6QZKSWGU&GXGTUGUFCPNG&KUVTKEVF #DKFLCP 5GRVGODGT0QXGODGTR )TGGPRGCEGKPVGTXKGYUYKVJFTKXGTU/C[ 9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPVQH,GCP&GPQOCP&GEGODGT/QVVQX6TCƂIWTC JGTGCHVGT,GCP&GPQOCP9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPV RCTC #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNKPVGTXKGYUYKVJ #PIÄNG0o6COQP#DKFLCP(GDTWCT[ (TCPÃQKUG-QWCFKQ#DKFLCP(GDTWCT[ ,GTQOG#IQWC #DKFLCP(GDTWCT[CPFD[VGNGRJQPG,WN[ &T-D[VGNGRJQPG,WPG#NUQUGG9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPVQH&T6KGOQMQ$NGW&GEGODGT /QVVQX6TCƂIWTCRCTC JGTGCHVGT&T$NGW9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPV &T$NGW9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPVRCTCU 9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPVQH&T-,WN[/QVVQX6TCƂIWTCRCTCU JGTGCHVGT&T-9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPV 9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPVQH&T-QWCOG0o)WGUUCP/KEJGN$QWCHHQW&GEGODGT/QVVQX6TCƂIWTCRCTCU JGTGCHVGT&T$QWCHHQW9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPV /KPKUVÄTGFGNC5CPVÅFG.o*[IKÄPG2WDNKSWG$KNCP2CTVKGNFGNCIGUVKQPFWXQNGVUCPKVCKTGFGNCETKUGFGUFÅEJGVUVQZKSWGURCTNGOKPKUVÄTGFGNCUCPVÅ GVFGNoJ[IKÄPGRWDNKSWG1EVQDGTR JGTGCHVGT/KPKUVT[QH*GCNVJ$KNCP2CTVKGN CVVCEJGFVQ,GCP&GPQOCP9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPV ,GCP&GPQOCP9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPVRCTC
A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 8 OQDKNGOGFKECNWPKVU22#VVJGRGCMQHVJGOGFKECN 6JGOGFKECNTGURQPUGQHƂEKCNN[ƂPKUJGFCVVJGGPF GOGTIGPE[CTQWPFVJGOKFFNGQH5GRVGODGTPGCTN[ QH1EVQDGT$[VJCVVKOGJGCNVJEGPVTGU RGQRNGUQWIJVVTGCVOGPVKPLWUVQPGFC[ JCFTGEQTFGFQXGTEQPUWNVCVKQPU JQURKVCNKUCVKQPUCPFFGCVJU26*QYGXGTVJG CEVWCNPWODGTQHRGQRNGYJQUQWIJVVTGCVOGPVKU &WGVQVJGUECNGQHVJGETKUKUVJG%ÐVGFo+XQKTG NKMGN[VQDGJKIJGTCUTGEQTFUCTGKPEQORNGVG and IQXGTPOGPVJCFVQTGN[QPCUUKUVCPEGHTQOVJG4GF PQVGXGT[QPGYGPVVQCFGUKIPCVGFJGCNVJHCEKNKV[ %TQUUCPFVJG9QTNF*GCNVJ1TICPK\CVKQP 9*1 CU $CUGFQPCPCPCN[UKUQHEQPUWNVCVKQPTGEQTFUVJG YGNNCUC70&KUCUVGT#UUGUUOGPVCPF%QQTFKPCVKQP /KPKUVT[QH*GCNVJTGRQTVGFVJCVQHVJQUGYJQ 70&#% VGCOVJCVWPFGTVQQMCOKUUKQPVQ#DKFLCP UQWIJVVTGCVOGPVYGTG[GCTUQNFQT[QWPIGTYKVJ KPVJGOKFFNGQH5GRVGODGT24 DGKPINGUUVJCPƂXG[GCTUQNF29
Cassava growing at one of the sites where toxic waste was dumped in August 2006, at the domestic waste dump at Akouédo, Abidjan (UNDAC site reference 1.1). July 2016 © Amnesty International
2NCPUVTCVÅIKSWGPCVKQPCNFGNWVVGEQPVTGNGUFÅEJGVUVQZKSWGUFW2TQDQ-QCNCGVNGWTKORCEVUWTNoGPXKTQPPGOGPVGVNCUCPVÅFGNC population,&GEGODGTRYYYFGEJGVUVQZKSWGUIQWXEKRFHRNCPUVTCVGIKSWGƂPCNRFH CEEGUUGF5GRVGODGT 4GRQTVQHVJG+PUVKVWV0CVKQPCNFo*[IKÄPG2WDNKSWGR JGTGCHVGT+0*24GRQTV +PVGTPCVKQPCN(GFGTCVKQPQH4GF%TQUUCPF4GF%TGUEGPV5QEKGVKGU&4'($WNNGVKP %ÐVGFo+XQKTG*GCNVJ*C\CTF(KPCN4GRQTV,WN[YYYKHTE QTIFQEUCRRGCNU/&4%+HTRFH 700GYU5GTXKEG%ÐVGFo+XQKTG 70UGPFUVGCOVQJGNREQQTFKPCVGTGURQPUGVQFGCFN[VQZKEYCUVGETKUKU 5GRVGODGTYYYWPQTICRRUPGYUUVQT[CUR!0GYU+& 9DM5W-)1 9QTNF*GCNVJ1TICPK\CVKQPChemical dump in Côte d’Ivoire: 9*1RTQXKFKPIRWDNKEJGCNVJUWRRQTV5GRVGODGTYYYYJQKPVOGFKCEGPVTGPGYUPQVGUPRAWRFCVGGP 7PKVGF0CVKQPU&KUCUVGT #UUGUUOGPV%QQTFKPCVKQP%ÐVGFo+XQKTG7TDCP*C\CTFQWU9CUVG&WORKPI 5GRVGODGTFQEUWPQEJCQTIUKVGUFOU&QEWOGPVU70&#%A +XQT[A%QCUVA4GRQTVARFH CNNCEEGUUGF5GRVGODGT *QRKVCN/KNKVCKTGFo#DKFLCP$KNCPFG)GUVKQP&GU8KEVKOUFG&GEJGVU6QZKSWGURCTNo*QRKVCN/KNKVCKTGFo#DKFLCP0QXGODGTR JGTGCHVGT */#$KNCPFG)GUVKQP CVVCEJGFVQ&T$NGW9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPV /KPKUVT[QH*GCNVJ$KNCP2CTVKGNR 5VCPFCTFK\GFEQPUWNVCVKQPHQTOU ƂEJGU YGTGQPN[ETGCVGFCVVJGGPFQH#WIWUVCPFKPUQOGOGFKECNHCEKNKVKGUQPN[ECOGKPVQQRGTCVKQPCVVJG DGIKPPKPIQH5GRVGODGT#FQEVQTKPXQNXGFKPVJGOGFKECNTGURQPUGVQNF#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNVJCVVJKUOGCPVUQOGQHVJGOQUVKNNYGTGPQVTGEQTFGF QPVJGHQTOUCPFVJCVHQTOUYGTGUQOGVKOGUPQVEQORNGVGFKPHWNNQTCVCNNYJGPFQEVQTUYGTGWPFGTRTGUUWTGVQUGGOCP[RCVKGPVUQTYJGPVJGOGFKECN EGPVTGUTCPQWVQHHQTOU#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNKPVGTXKGYYKVJ&T-D[VGNGRJQPG,WPG#NUQUGG#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNCPF)TGGPRGCEGThe Toxic Truth,R 5QOGYGPVVQRTKXCVGENKPKEUYGTGWPCDNGVQCVVGPFVJGVTGCVOGPVEGPVTGUQTOC[JCXGRTGHGTTGFVTCFKVKQPCNJGCNGTU9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPVQH&T# &GEGODGT/QVVQX6TCƂIWTCRCTCUCPF JGTGCHVGT&T#9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPV %GPVTG5WKUUGFG4GEJGTEJGU5EKGPVKƂSWGUGP%ÐVGFo+XQKTG %545 4GUWNVUQH(KGNFYQTMEQPFWEVGFDGVYGGP1EVQDGTCPF&GEGODGT &QEWOGPV 'RKFGOKQNQIKECN5GEVKQP1EVQDGTR JGTGCHVGT%545(KGNFYQTM4GUWNVU /KPKUVT[QH*GCNVJ$KNCP2CTVKCNR
A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 9 COMMONLY REPORTED SYMPTOMS IN 200630
%GRJCNCNIKC JGCFCEJG YJKEJUQOGFQEVQTUPQVGFCRRGCTGFSWKEMN[CHVGTKPJCNKPIVJGQFQWTUCPFEQWNF NEUROLOGICAL QEEWTCNQPIYKVJFK\\KPGUUCPFDNCEMQWVU
4GURKTCVQT[U[ORVQOUYGTGXGT[HTGSWGPVN[PQVGFCPFKPENWFGFF[URPQGC FKHƂEWNVQTNCDQWTGF RESPIRATORY / DTGCVJKPI TGUGODNKPICUVJOCCVVCEMUEQWIJUVJQTCEKERCKPCPFOQTGTCTGN[JCGOQRV[UKU EQWIJKPIWR PULMONARY QHDNQQFQTDNQQFUVCKPGFURWVWO
5VKPIKPIUGPUCVKQPQPVJGUMKPEWVCPGQWURTWTKVWU KVEJKPI XCTKQWUHQTOUQHEWVCPGQWUGTWRVKQPUUGXGTG CUTANEOUS KVEJKPI
$NQCVKPICDFQOKPCNCPFGRKICUVTKERCKPPCWUGCFKCTTJQGC5QOGRGQRNGNKXKPIENQUGVQVJGFWORKPIUKVG DIGESTIVE CNUQRTGUGPVGFYKVJJGOCVGOGUKU XQOKVKPIDNQQF QTOGNCGPC DNCEMVCTT[HCGEGUPQTOCNN[CUCTGUWNVQH PROBLEMS KPVGTPCNDNGGFKPI
EAR, NOSE AND 4JKPQTTJGC TWPP[PQUG F[URJCIKC UYCNNQYKPIRTQDNGOU GRKUVCZKU PQUGDNGGF THROAT (ENT)
5VKPIKPIQTDWTPKPIG[GUTGFG[GUCPFQEWNCTRTWTKVWU KVEJKPIG[GU RWTWNGPVNCEJT[OCNUGETGVKQPU RWU OCULAR NKMGFKUEJCTIGHTQOVGCTFWEVU DNWTTGFXKUKQPCPFNQUUQHXKUWCNCEWKV[EQPLWPEVKXKVKU
OTHER REPORTED SYMPTOMS IN 200631
6JGUGYGTGEQPUKFGTGFTCTGTDWVFQEVQTUCNUQPQVKEGFECTFKCEU[ORVQOUUWEJCURCNRKVCVKQPUCPF CARDIO VASCULAR VCEJ[ECTFKCCUYGNNCUCPKPETGCUGKPDNQQFRTGUUWTG
&QEVQTUUVCVGFVJCVVJG[VTGCVGFUQOGUGTKQWUI[PCGEQNQIKECNECUGUKPENWFKPIRTGIPCPVYQOGPYJQ GZRGTKGPEGFUGXGTGRGNXKECPFCDFQOKPCNRCKP#HGYFQEVQTUCNUQPQVGFECUGUQHOKUECTTKCIGUYJKEJ VJG[DGNKGXGFOC[JCXGDGGPNKPMGFVQGZRQUWTGVQVJGYCUVGUKPEGVJGUGKPXQNXGFYQOGPYJQJCFJCF GYNAECOLOGICAL TGIWNCTI[PCGEQNQIKECNEQPUWNVCVKQPUCVVJGOGFKECNHCEKNKV[RTKQTVQVJGFWORKPICPFYJQUGRTGIPCPEKGU JCFDGGPRTQITGUUKPIEQORNGVGN[PQTOCNN[WRWPVKNVJGKTGZRQUWTG
9QOGPKPVGTXKGYGFD[#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNCNUQFGUETKDGFGZRGTKGPEKPIRCKPCPFEJCPIGUKPVJGKT OGPUVTWCNE[ENGU
PREVALENCE OF SYMPTOMS AMONGST PATIENTS
GROUP OF SYMPTOMS32 NUMBER OF PATIENTS (N = 98,108) PERCENTAGE (%)
)GPGTCNQTPGWTQNQIKECNU[ORVQOU
'06QTRWNOQPCT[U[ORVQOU
&KIGUVKXGU[ORVQOU
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$CUGFQP */#$KNCPFG)GUVKQPR &T-9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPVRCTCU /KPKUVT[QH*GCNVJ$KNCP2CTVKGNR #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNKPVGTXKGYUYKVJ &T$NGWD[VGNGRJQPG,WPG &T-D[VGNGRJQPG,WPG CPFHQEWUITQWRQHYQOGPKP&LKDKXKNNCIG (GDTWCT[5GGCNUQ*/#$KNCPFG)GUVKQPR &T-9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPVRCTC &T#9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPVRCTC 9KVPGUU5VCVGOGPV QH&T&CPKGNNG1DQFQW+RQW/QVVQX6TCƂIWTCRCTC +0*24GRQTV6CDNG:++5GEVKQP6JKUVCDNGUJQYUVJGRTGXCNGPEGQHU[ORVQOUCOQPIUVRCVKGPVUDCUGFQPCPCPCN[UKUQHUWTXG[HQTOU EQORNGVGFDGVYGGP#WIWUVCPF,CPWCT[
A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 10 1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OCVGTKCNYCUHCTITGCVGT#URQMGURGTUQPHQT6TGFK UVCVGFKP1EVQDGTVJCVOQTGVJCPVQPPGU QHJGCXKN[EQPVCOKPCVGFOCVGTKCNYCUUVKNNRTGUGPVKP 6JGQHƂEKCNENGCPWRCPFFGEQPVCOKPCVKQPRTQEGUU #DKFLCP DGICPQP5GRVGODGTCNOQUVHQWTYGGMU CHVGTVJGFWORKPIVQQMRNCEG+VGPFGFQXGT[GCTU +P#RTKNVJG%ÐVGFo+XQKTGIQXGTPOGPVCPF NCVGTKP0QXGODGTCNVJQWIJCUQWVNKPGFDGNQY 6TCƂIWTCJKTGFCPQVJGT(TGPEJEQORCP[ECNNGF VJGTGCTGEQPEGTPUCUVQYJGVJGTVJGFWORUKVGUJCXG $WTIGCRVQCWFKVVJGYQTMWPFGTVCMGPD[6TGFK DGGPEQORNGVGN[FGEQPVCOKPCVGF CPFVQKFGPVKH[MPQYPCPFRQVGPVKCNFWORUKVGU VJCVOC[UVKNNTGSWKTGFGEQPVCOKPCVKQP(QTVJGUG 6JGUKVGUCHHGEVGFD[VJGFWORKPITGSWKTGFGZVGPUKXG RWTRQUGU$WTIGCRRNCPPGFVQVCMGUCORNGUCVƂXG ENGCPWRCPFFGEQPVCOKPCVKQPKPYJCVJCUDGGP QHVJGMPQYPFWORUKVGUCUYGNNCUUGXGPRQVGPVKCN CEQORNGZRTQEGUU4CPIKPIHTQOTQCFUKFGUVQC FWORUKVGU#VVJGVKOGVJGUGRQVGPVKCNFWORUKVGU FQOGUVKEYCUVGFWORVQUVTGCOUCPFNCIQQPU KPENWFGFVJGDCUKPCV&QMWK2NCVGCWFQYPUVTGCO GCEJUKVGJCFFKHHGTGPVEJCTCEVGTKUVKEUCPFTGSWKTGF HTQOVJGp%QEQ5GTXKEGqFWORUKVG UGGRJQVQQP URGEKƂEENGCPKPIOGVJQFUCFCRVGFVQVJGUKVGoU RCIG CUPGCTD[TGUKFGPVUYGTGUVKNNEQORNCKPKPI HGCVWTGU +PUQOGECUGUVJGUKVGUEQPUKUVGFQHNKSWKF QHVJGUOGNNCUYGNNCUUKVGUPGCTVJGEKV[RTKUQPCPF YCUVGYJKNGKPQVJGTU UWEJCUYJGTGVJGYCUVGJCF VJGRQNKEGUEJQQN40 UGGRGFKPVQVJGITQWPF VJG[EQPUKUVGFQHUQNKFYCUVG 6JG%ÐVGFo+XQKTGIQXGTPOGPVCPF6TCƂIWTC #PWODGTQHEQORCPKGUYGTGKPXQNXGFKPVJG UWDUGSWGPVN[CITGGFVQUECNGDCEMVJKUYQTMCPF TGOGFKCVKQPRTQEGUU$GVYGGP5GRVGODGT RTKQTKVK\GLWUVVYQMPQYPFWORUKVGUHQTTGCUQPU CPF(GDTWCT[C(TGPEJEQORCP[ECNNGF6TGFK VJCVJCXGPQVDGGPFKUENQUGF$WTIGCRVJGTGHQTG TGOQXGFVQPPGUQHEQPVCOKPCVGFOCVGTKCN KPXGUVKICVGFCPFVQQMUCORNGUCVVYQFWORUKVGUD[ UQNKFUCPFNKSWKFU HTQOQHVJGKFGPVKƂGF COCKPTQCFKPVQ#DKFLCPECNNGFVJG4QWVGFo#NÅRÅ UKVGUCTQWPF#DKFLCPOQUVQHYJKEJYCUGZRQTVGF QPVJGQWVUMKTVUQH&LKDKXKNNCIG(QNNQYKPIKVU VQ(TCPEGHQTKPEKPGTCVKQP6JG%ÐVGFo+XQKTG KPXGUVKICVKQPCPFRTKOCTKN[DGECWUGQHVJGRGTUKUVGPV IQXGTPOGPVQTKIKPCNN[JKTGF6TGFKVQTGOQXG UOGNNCPFVJGUKVGUoRTQZKOKV[VQ&LKDKXKNNCIG VQPPGUQHYCUVGCPFRQNNWVGFUQKNDWVKVDGECOG $WTIGCRTGEQOOGPFGFVTGCVKPIVJGRQNNWVGFUQKND[ ENGCTCUYQTMRTQITGUUGFVJCVVJGXQNWOGQHRQNNWVGF WUKPICPQPUKVGDKQFGITCFCVKQPRTQEGUU42
5ÅEJÅGPXKTQPPGOGPV&ÅEJGVUVQZKSWGU¼#DKFLCP RNGWUKGWTUUGOCKPGUFGVTCXCWZPÅEGUUCKTGU5GRVGODGTYYYITQWRGUGEJGEQO FQEWOGPVUPGYUWRNQCFUA#%67#$+&,#0RFH CEEGUUGF5GRVGODGT %JGKEMPC&CDQW%ÐVGF +XQKTG &ÅEJGVUVQZKSWGU#RTÄUNCFÅRQNNWVKQPFGUXKEVKOGUGZKIGPVWPGEQPUWNVCVKQPOÅFKECNG#NN#HTKEC0QXGODGT HTCNNCHTKECEQOUVQTKGUJVON CEEGUUGF5GRVGODGT +PHQTOCVKQPEQPƂFGPVKCNN[QDVCKPGFD[)TGGPRGCEG0GVJGTNCPFUHTQOCUQWTEGENQUGN[KPXQNXGFKPVJGENGCPWRRTQEGUU5GGCNUQ701HƂEGHQTVJG %QQTFKPCVKQPQH*WOCPKVCTKCP#HHCKTU%ÐVGFo+XQKTG 6QZKEYCUVGRQNNWVKQPETKUKU1%*#5KVWCVKQP4GRQTV0Q5GRVGODGTTGNKGHYGDKPV TGRQTVE%$VGFKXQKTGE%$VGFKXQKTGVQZKEYCUVGRQNNWVKQPETKUKUQEJCUKVWCVKQPTGRQTVPQRCTC CEEGUUGF5GRVGODGT 5ÅEJÅGPXKTQPPGOGPV&ÅEJGVUVQZKSWGUFG%ÐVGFo+XQKTG VTCPURQTVGVVTCKVGOGPV(GDTWCT[YYYITQWRGUGEJGEQOFQEWOGPVUPGYU WRNQCFUA%1//&'%*'65+81+4'RFH CEEGUUGF5GRVGODGT $WTIGCR'PXKTQPOGPVCN#WFKVRWTUWCPVVQENCWUGQH *GCFUQH#ITGGOGPVUKIPGFQPDGVYGGPVJG2CTVKGUVJG+XQT[%QCUV5VCVGCPF6TCƂIWTC #WFKV4GRQTVsRJCUG,WPGRCTC JGTGCHVGT$WTIGCR2JCUG4GRQTV 5GEVKQPQHVJG$WTIGCRTGRQTVNKUVUUKVGUHTQOYJKEJYCUVGYCUTGOQXGFD[6TGFK+VCRRGCTUVJCVQPGQH VJQUGUKVGUKUOKUVCMGPN[NCDGNNGFCU#$1TCVJGTVJCP#$1 $WTIGCR2JCUG4GRQTVRCTC #URQMGURGTUQPHQT6TGFKQPCRTQITCOOGDTQCFECUVQP0QXC6GNGXKUKQPKP6JG0GVJGTNCPFUQP1EVQDGTEQOOGPVGFVJCV p6JGTGKUFGƂPKVGN[ OQTGVJCPVQPPGUQHJGCXKN[RQNNWVGFOCVGTKCN#PFVJCVVJGPGYIQXGTPOGPVJCUEJQUGPCPGYCRRTQCEJq $WTIGCR2JCUG4GRQTVRCTC $WTIGCR2JCUG4GRQTVRCTCUCPF $WTIGCR'PXKTQPOGPVCN#WFKVRWTUWCPVVQENCWUGQH*GCFUQH#ITGGOGPVUKIPGFQPDGVYGGPVJG2CTVKGUVJG+XQT[%QCUV5VCVGCPF 6TCƂIWTC &WORKPIUKVGUQPVJG#NÅRÅ4QCFEQOOWPGQH#DQDQ2JCUG RCTCITCRJUVQ s5WRRNGOGPVCT[KPXGUVKICVKQPUCPF2JCUG RCTCITCRJ s4GEQOOGPFCVKQPUHQTTGJCDKNKVCVKQP/CTEJRCTCUCPF JGTGCHVGT$WTIGCR2JCUGCPF4GRQTV 6JKURTQEGUUYCUCNUQ QWVNKPGFQPRCIGQHCPGCTNKGTFTCHVQHVJKUTGRQTVFCVGF#WIWUV QPƂNGYKVJ#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCN 9JGPVCMKPIUCORNGUKP,WN[$WTIGCRPQVGFpUVTQPIUOGNNUQHICTNKEEJCTCEVGTKUVKEQHUWNRJWTQWUUNQRU=YCUVG?qVJCVDGECOGITGCVGTCUVJG[FWI DQTGJQNGUVQVCMGUCORNGU$WTIGCR2JCUGCPF4GRQTVRCPF
A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 11 +P1EVQDGTVJG%ÐVGFo+XQKTGIQXGTPOGPVJKTGF FWORKPIVJG%ÐVGFo+XQKTGIQXGTPOGPVCPPQWPEGF C%CPCFKCPEQORCP[ECNNGF$KQIÅPKGVQECTT[QWV VJCVVJGNCUVMPQYPFWORUKVGU QPVJG4QWVG VJGQPUKVGDKQFGITCFCVKQPRTQEGUU As an initial Fo#NÅRÅ JCFDGGPFGEQPVCOKPCVGF46#VVJGTGSWGUV UVGR$KQIÅPKGRCEMGFVJGRQNNWVGFUQKNKPVQDKIDCIU QHVJG%ÐVGFo+XQKTGIQXGTPOGPVVJG7PKVGF0CVKQPU CPFRWVVJGOQPVQRCNNGVUCVVJGUKVGKPNKPGYKVJ 'PXKTQPOGPV2TQITCOOG 70'2 RGTHQTOGFCP TGEQOOGPFCVKQPUD[$WTIGCR UGGp6JG%CUGQH GPXKTQPOGPVCNCWFKVQHCNNQHVJGMPQYPFWORUKVGU &LKDK8KNNCIGqQPRCIG 44*QYGXGT$KQIÅPKGQPN[ KP,WN[VQEJGEMKHVJG[JCFCEVWCNN[DGGP DGICPVTGCVKPIVJGUQKNKP/CTEJCPFHQNNQYKPI CDTGCMKP0QXGODGTFWGVQRQUVGNGEVKQP FGEQPVCOKPCVGF70'2VQQMUCORNGUQHCKTUQKN XKQNGPEGTGUWOGFQRGTCVKQPUKP0QXGODGT YCVGTUGFKOGPVUJGNNƂUJCPFXGIGVCVKQP It is due 1P0QXGODGTQXGT[GCTUCHVGTVJG VQRWDNKUJKVUƂPFKPIUKPGCTN[
Representatives from the Centre Ivorienne AntiPollution (CIAPOL) taking samples at one of the dumpsites during the UNEP audit. July 2016 © Amnesty International
6TCƂIWTC6JG2TQDQ-QCNC%CUGKP3WGUVKQPU *CXGVJGpFWORUKVGUqDGGPHWNN[TGOGFKCVGF!YYYVTCƂIWTCEQOTGUQWTEGEGPVTGRTQDQMQCNC CEEGUUGF5GRVGODGT $WTIGCR2JCUGCPF4GRQTVR#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNTGUGCTEJGTUQDUGTXGFDKIDCIUQHEQPVCOKPCVGFOCVGTKCNQPRCNNGVUFWTKPICUKVGXKUKVKP (GDTWCT[ %QVGFo+XQKTG/KPKUVT[QHVJG'PXKTQPOGPV &ÅEJGVUVQZKSWGU .CFÅRQNNWVKQPFGUUKVGUFGFÅXGTUGOGPVGPEQWTU/+0'&&/#)0,WKP &ÅEGODTGYYYGPXKTQPPGOGPVIQWXEKKOI,QWTPCNA/+0'&&A/#)AARFH CPF5KVGUEQPVCOKPGURCTNGUFGEJGVU VQZKSWGUFW2TQDQ-QCNC .GUFGTPKGTUUKVGUFÅRQNNWÅUTGOKUCW/KPKUVTG4ÅOK#NNCJ-QWCFKQ0QXGODGTYYYGPXKTQPPGOGPVIQWXEKCEVWCNKVG RJR!TF DQVJCEEGUUGF5GRVGODGT %JGKEMPC&CDQW%ÐVGF +XQKTG &ÅEJGVUVQZKSWGU#RTÄUNCFÅRQNNWVKQPFGUXKEVKOGUGZKIGPVWPGEQPUWNVCVKQPOÅFKECNG#NN#HTKEC0QXGODGT HTCNNCHTKECEQOUVQTKGUJVON CEEGUUGF5GRVGODGT 7PKVGF0CVKQPU'PXKTQPOGPV2TQITCOOG70'2#UUGUUGU5KVGU+ORCEVGFD[2TQDQ-QCNC6QZKE9CUVG&WORKPIKP#DKFLCP%ÐVGF +XQKTG,WN[ YYYWPGRQTIPGYUEGPVTGWPGRCUUGUUGUUKVGUKORCEVGFRTQDQMQCNCVQZKEYCUVGFWORKPICDKFLCPE%$VGFKXQKTG CEEGUUGF1EVQDGT
A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 12 THE CHEMICALS IN THE TOXIC WASTE AND LIKELY EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE
6JGTGKUPQFGƂPKVKXGKPHQTOCVKQPCUVQVJGGZCEVEJGOKECNEQORQUKVKQPQHVJGYCUVGFWORGFKP#DKFLCP6TCƂIWTC JCUPGXGTRWDNKUJGFCNNVJGKPHQTOCVKQPKVJQNFUCDQWVVJGEQORQUKVKQPQHVJGYCUVGFGURKVGTGSWGUVUHTQO#OPGUV[ +PVGTPCVKQPCN+PFQEWOGPVUUWDOKVVGFKPNGICNRTQEGGFKPIUTGNCVGFVQVJGFKUCUVGT6TCƂIWTCJCUUVCVGFVJCVVJG pDGUVCXCKNCDNGGXKFGPEGqQHVJGEQORQUKVKQPQHVJGYCUVGKUCPCPCN[UKURTQFWEGFD[VJG0GVJGTNCPFU(QTGPUKE +PUVKVWVG 0(+ KP,CPWCT[DCUGFQPUCORNGUVCMGPYJGP6TCƂIWTCVTKGFVQFKURQUGQHVJGYCUVGKP#OUVGTFCO KP,WN[497UKPI0(+oUCPCN[UKUCUCDCUKU6TCƂIWTCJCUUCKFKPVJQUGFQEWOGPVUVJCVVJGNKMGN[EJGOKECN EQORQUKVKQPQHVJGCSWGQWURJCUG KGVJGURGPVECWUVKE CPFJ[FTQECTDQPRJCUG KGVJGTGOCKPUQHVJGEQMGT PCRJVJC QHVJGYCUVGKUCUUGVQWVDGNQY
0QVG 6JG0(+UCORNGUYGTGVCMGPUKZYGGMUDGHQTGVJGFWORKPIKP#DKFLCPCPFVJGUCORNKPIOGVJQFWUGFYQWNF PQVPGEGUUCTKN[JCXGEQNNGEVGFUGFKOGPVVJCVOC[JCXGCEEWOWNCVGFCVVJGDQVVQOQHVJGUJKRoUYCUVGVCPMU
CHEMICAL % OF WASTE WEIGHT
AQUEOUS PHASE52
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) VQPU
Total Sulphur (S) VQPU
Mercaptan Sulphur (Ethyl and Methyl Sodium Mercaptides as S) VQPU
Thiophenols VQPU
Phenols, including Cresols VQPU
Inorganic Sulphur (Sulphide and Bi-Sulphide as S)53 VQPU
Cobalt Phthalocyanine Sulphonate RROCFFGF ITCOU
Catalysts (as Co) RROOGCUWTGF ITCOU
Mercury RRO ITCOU
Zinc RRO ITCOU
Copper RRO ITCOU
Strontium RRO ITCOU
5GG#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNCPF)TGGPRGCEGThe Toxic Truth,R #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNNGVVGTVQ6TCƂIWTC,WPG 4GRN[QH6TCƂIWTC6TCƂIWTC.KOKVGFX$TKVKUJ$TQCFECUVKPI%QTRQTCVKQPKPVJG7-*KIJ%QWTVQH,WUVKEG3WGGP U$GPEJ&KXKUKQP%NCKO0Q *3:0QXGODGT5WOOCT[QH4GRN[RCTC JGTGCHVGT6TCƂIWTC4GRN[6TCƂIWTCX$$% 6TCƂIWTC4GRN[6TCƂIWTCX$$%#RRGPFKZ (QTOQTGKPHQTOCVKQPUGG#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNCPF)TGGPRGCEG The Toxic Truth,RCPF 6TCƂIWTCUVCVGUVJCVVJGYGKIJVKUDCUGFQPOGVTKEVQPPGU O CSWGQWUYCUVGCVCFGPUKV[QHHQTECWUVKE 6JG0(+TGRQTVNCDGNUVJGCUJ[FTQIGPUWNRJKFG6TCƂIWTCIKXGUKVCFKHHGTGPVFGUETKRVKQPKPVJKUNKUVCU0(+KFGPVKƂGFVJGJ[FTQIGPUWNRJKFGKPC OKZVWTGVJCVJCFDGGPCEKFKƂGF
A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 13 HYDROCARBONS PHASE54
Hydrocarbons C5 to C11 #RRTQZ #RRTQZVQPU
Heavy Hydrocarbons C14 to C40, estimated from Tredi Analysis VQPU
Normal Alkanes VQPU
Branched Alkanes VQPU
Unsaturated Compounds VQPU
Cyclic Alkanes VQPU
Aromatics, of which: VQPU
C2 Alkyl Benzenes VQPU
C3 Alkyl Benzenes VQPU
C4 Alkyl Benzenes VQPU
Total Sulphur mainly as Diethyl and Methyl Propyl Disulphides (measured as S) VQPU
Mercaptan Sulphur (S) VQPU
Organo Chlorine (ex Main VII) RRO ITCOU
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
• Sodium hydroxide (i.e., the caustic soda):6JGNKMGN[GHHGEVUQHKPJCNKPIUQFKWOJ[FTQZKFGCGTQUQNUCTGCDWTPKPI UGPUCVKQPUQTGVJTQCVEQWIJNCDQWTGFDTGCVJKPICPFUJQTVPGUUQHDTGCVJ5[ORVQOUOC[DGFGNC[GF%QPVCEV YKVJVJGUMKPYKNNTGUWNVKPVJGUMKPDGEQOKPITGFCPFRCKPHWNCPFVJGTGOC[DGUGTKQWUUMKPDNKUVGTU'ZRQUWTG QHVJGG[GUYKNNTGUWNVKPVJGODGEQOKPITGFCPFRCKPHWNCPFVJGTGOC[DGDNWTTGFXKUKQPCPFUGXGTGFGGRDWTPU #P[KPIGUVKQPYKNNTGUWNVKPCDWTPKPIUGPUCVKQPCPFCDFQOKPCNRCKPYKVJVJGKPFKXKFWCNIQKPIKPVQUJQEMCPF RQUUKDN[EQNNCRUKPI
• Mercaptans / mercaptides:#UPQVGFCDQXGVJGRWDNKEN[CXCKNCDNGKPHQTOCVKQPJCUNKOKVCVKQPUDWVVJGTGKU GXKFGPEGVQUWIIGUVVJCVVJGR*QHUQOGQHVJGFWORGFYCUVGHGNNDGNQYYJKEJYQWNFJCXGTGUWNVGFKPC RQTVKQPQHVJGOGTECRVKFGUDGKPIEQPXGTVGFKPVQOGTECRVCPUCPFDGKPITGNGCUGFKPVQVJGCKT6JGNKMGN[GHHGEVU
6TCƂIWTCUVCVGUVJCVVJGYGKIJVKUDCUGFQPOGVTKEVQPPGU O J[FTQECTDQPYCUVGCVCFGPUKV[QHOGCUWTGFKP#DKFLCPD[%+#21.QP #WIWUV HTQOCUCORNGFTCYPQP#WIWUV #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNCPF)TGGPRGCEGEQPUWNVGF#NCUVCKT*C[2TQHGUUQTKP'PXKTQPOGPVCN6QZKEQNQI[7PKXGTUKV[QH.GGFU +PEQWTVFQEWOGPVU6TCƂIWTCRTQXKFGFGXKFGPEGVQKPFKECVGVJCVQPGOGCUWTGOGPVQHFWORGFYCUVGCV#MQWÅFQQP#WIWUVJCFCR*XCNWGQH 6TCƂIWTCCNUQOGPVKQPCTGRQTVRTGRCTGFD[VJG(TGPEJ%KXKN2TQVGEVKQP6GCOFCVGF5GRVGODGTYJKEJUJQYGFVJGUQKNCV#MQWÅFQVQDG DGVYGGPR*CPF VJKUUCORNGYCUVCMGPCHVGTJGCX[TCKPUQPVJGPKIJVQH5GRVGODGT +PVJGUGFQEWOGPVU6TCƂIWTCOCFGpCPGUVKOCVG QHVJGOQUVTCRKFNKMGN[TGFWEVKQPKPR*QXGTVKOGqCPFUVCVGFVJCVpCHVGTCTQWPFFC[UVJGR*YQWNFFTQRVQq5GG6TCƂIWTC4GRN[6TCƂIWTC X$$%RCTCUCPF6JGVQZKEQNQIKUVEQPUWNVGFD[#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNCPF)TGGPRGCEGEQOOGPVGFVJCVYGNNDGHQTGVJKUVJGOCLQTKV[QH OGTECRVCPUYQWNFJCXGGXCRQTCVGFYKVJVJGKTTCVGQHGXCRQTCVKQPTGCEJKPIOCZKOCNXCNWGUYJGPVJGR*YCUDGVYGGPCPF6JGVKOGVCMGPVQ TGCEJVJGUGJKIJGTR*XCNWGUECPQPN[DGUWTOKUGF
A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 14 QHKPJCNKPIUKIPKƂECPVSWCPVKVKGUQHOGTECRVCPUYQWNFDGJGCFCEJGPCWUGCCPFXQOKVKPIEQWIJKPIFK\\KPGUU CPFFTQYUKPGUU/GTECRVCPUCTGTGEQIPK\GFKTTKVCPVUQHVJGG[GUUMKPCPFTGURKTCVQT[VTCEV$QVJG[GUCPFUMKP DGEQOGTGFCPFRCKPHWNCPFRTQNQPIGFGZRQUWTGQHVJGUMKPECWUGUFGTOCVKVKU/GTECRVKFGUYQWNFDGCUQWTEG QHOGTECRVCPXCRQWTUCUVJGR*QHVJGYCUVGFGETGCUGFCHVGTKVYCUFWORGFDWVOGTECRVKFGUVJGOUGNXGUCTG CNUQJC\CTFQWUEJGOKECNUKPENWFKPID[UMKPEQPVCEVKPIGUVKQPCPFCURKTCVKQP KGKPJCNCVKQPQHFTQRNGVU
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6JG4KIJVVQVJG*KIJGUV#VVCKPCDNG5VCPFCTFQH*GCNVJ #TV 70&QE'%#WIWUVRCTC JGTGCHVGT)GPGTCN%QOOGPV %'5%4)GPGTCN%QOOGPVRCTC%'5%4CNUQOCMGUENGCTKP)GPGTCN%QOOGPVVJCVp6QEQORN[YKVJVJGKTKPVGTPCVKQPCNQDNKICVKQPUKP TGNCVKQPVQCTVKENG5VCVGURCTVKGUJCXGVQTGURGEVVJGGPLQ[OGPVQHVJGTKIJVVQJGCNVJKPQVJGTEQWPVTKGUCPFVQRTGXGPVVJKTFRCTVKGUHTQOXKQNCVKPI VJGTKIJVKPQVJGTEQWPVTKGUKHVJG[CTGCDNGVQKPƃWGPEGVJGUGVJKTFRCTVKGUD[YC[QHNGICNQTRQNKVKECNOGCPUKPCEEQTFCPEGYKVJVJG%JCTVGTQHVJG 7PKVGF0CVKQPUCPFCRRNKECDNGKPVGTPCVKQPCNNCYq RCTC (QTHWTVJGTFGVCKNUGG#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNCPF)TGGPRGCEGThe Toxic Truth,%JCPF 5RGEKƂECNN[KPTGNCVKQPVQVJGTKIJVVQJGCNVJ%'5%4JCUGORJCUK\GFVJCVCP[RGTUQPQTITQWRUYJQCTGXKEVKOUQHCXKQNCVKQPQHVJGTKIJVVQJGCNVJ pUJQWNFJCXGCEEGUUVQGHHGEVKXGLWFKEKCNQTQVJGTCRRTQRTKCVGTGOGFKGUCVDQVJPCVKQPCNCPFKPVGTPCVKQPCNNGXGNU#NNXKEVKOUQHUWEJXKQNCVKQPUUJQWNFDG GPVKVNGFVQCFGSWCVGTGRCTCVKQPYJKEJOC[VCMGVJGHQTOQHTGUVKVWVKQPEQORGPUCVKQPUCVKUHCEVKQPQTIWCTCPVGGUQHPQPTGRGVKVKQPq )GPGTCN%QOOGPV RCTC +PVGTPCVKQPCN.CY%QOOKUUKQP#TVKENGUQP4GURQPUKDKNKV[QH5VCVGUHQT+PVGTPCVKQPCNN[9TQPIHWN#EVU/C[#TVUCPF %'5%4)GPGTCN%QOOGPVRCTC F %'5%4)GPGTCN%QOOGPVRCTC A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 22 FWORKPIVJG70GZRGTVQPJC\CTFQWUYCUVG pCJGCNVJUWTXG[KPCHHGEVGFCTGCUCPFCOCRRKPIQH TGEQOOGPFGFVJCVVJG%ÐVGFo+XQKTGIQXGTPOGPV QWVUVCPFKPIJGCNVJKUUWGUCPFRTQXKFKPICFGSWCVG CPFTGNGXCPVUVCVGCEVQTU p'PUWTGHWNNCEEGUUVQ OGFKECNCUUKUVCPEGVQXKEVKOUKPENWFKPIVTGCVOGPVQH KPHQTOCVKQPHQTVJQUGCHHGEVGFQPOGCUWTGUVCMGPVQ PGYCPFNQPIVGTOOCPKHGUVCVKQPUQHKNNPGUUGUCUC CFFTGUURQUUKDNGNQPIVGTOCFXGTUGGHHGEVUQPJGCNVJ TGUWNVQHVJGFWORKPIq CPFVJGGPXKTQPOGPVQHVJGKPEKFGPVqCPFEQPFWEV THE BOGUI STUDY 1PN[QPGUVWF[JCUVTKGFVQKFGPVKH[VJGRQVGPVKCNNQPIVGTOKORNKECVKQPUQHGZRQUWTGVQVJGEJGOKECNUKPVJGVQZKEYCUVG +PGCTN[LWUVQXGTƂXGOQPVJUCHVGTVJGVQZKEYCUVGFWORKPICRTQHGUUQTCVVJG7PKXGTUKV[QH%QEQF[#DKFLCP UVCTVGFTGUGCTEJKPIVJGGHHGEVUQHKPJCNKPIEJGOKECNUTGNGCUGFHTQOVJGVQZKEYCUVG6JGCKOQH2TQHGUUQT$QIWKoU TGUGCTEJYCUVQGUVCDNKUJYJGVJGTVJGTGYCUCUVTQPIRTQDCDKNKV[QHCECWUCNTGNCVKQPUJKRDGVYGGPRTQNQPIGF GZRQUWTGVQVJGVQZKEYCUVGCPFCPKPETGCUGKPVJGKPEKFGPEGQHEJTQPKETGURKTCVQT[U[ORVQOUCUYGNNCUCTKUGKPVJG RTGXCNGPEGQHDTQPEJKCNJ[RGTTGURQPUKXGPGUU$TQPEJKCNJ[RGTTGURQPUKXGPGUU CNUQMPQYPCUDTQPEJKCNQTCKTYC[ J[RGTTGCEVKXKV[QTJ[RGTTGURQPUKXGPGUU KUOCTMGFD[pGZEGUUKXGDTQPEJKCNPCTTQYKPIqCPFKUTGEQIPKUGFCUC JCNNOCTMQHEJTQPKECUVJOC %CTTKGFQWVD[VJG7PKXGTUKV[QH%QFQF[CPFHWPFGFD[VJG9QTNF$CPMVJG5YKUU%GPVTGHQT5EKGPVKƂE4GUGCTEJ KPVJG%ÐVGFo+XQKTGVJG702QRWNCVKQP(WPF70+%'(CPFVJG9QTNF*GCNVJ1TICPK\CVKQPVJGUVWF[NCUVGFHQT OQPVJUDGVYGGP/CTEJCPF,WN[CPFEQORTKUGFVJTGGUVCIGU STAGE 1 6YQUGRCTCVGITQWRUQHUWDLGEVUƂNNGFQWVCSWGUVKQPPCKTGVJCVUWTXG[GFVJGKPEKFGPEGQHEJTQPKETGURKTCVQT[ U[ORVQOU6JGƂTUVITQWRsVJGEQPVTQNITQWRQTVJGp0QP'ZRQUGFqITQWRsQTKIKPCNN[EQORTKUGFRGQRNGYJQ NKXGFHCTQWVUKFGQH#DKFLCPCPFJCFPQVNKXGFKP#DKFLCPKPVJGOQPVJURTGEGFKPIVJGFWORKPI6JGUGEQPFITQWR sVJGp'ZRQUGFqITQWRsQTKIKPCNN[EQORTKUGFRGQRNGYJQNKXGFQTYQTMGFKP&QMWK2NCVGCW CTGUKFGPVKCN PGKIJDQWTJQQFNQECVGFPGCTVYQQHVJGFWORUKVGU CPFYJQJCFURGPVCVNGCUVFC[UKPVJGPGKIJDQWTJQQFKPVJG VJTGGOQPVJUKOOGFKCVGN[HQNNQYKPIVJGFWORKPI2TQHGUUQT$QIWKEJQUG&QMWK2NCVGCWDGECWUGQHVJGRCTVKEWNCT PCVWTGQHVJKUCTGCsKVYCUCTGUKFGPVKCN\QPGHCTHTQOCUQWTEGQHKPFWUVTKCNRQNNWVKQP 6JGTGURQPUGUVQVJGSWGUVKQPPCKTGUJQYGFVJCVHQTUGXGPQHVJGEJTQPKEU[ORVQOURGQRNGKPVJG'ZRQUGFITQWR TGRQTVGFCJKIJGTKPEKFGPEG VYQVQƂXGVKOGUJKIJGTFGRGPFKPIQPVJGU[ORVQO VJCPRGQRNGKPVJG0QP'ZRQUGFITQWR 1MGEJWMYW+DGCPW4GRQTVQHVJG5RGEKCN4CRRQTVGWTQPVJGCFXGTUGGHHGEVUQHVJGOQXGOGPVCPFFWORKPIQHVQZKECPFFCPIGTQWURTQFWEVUCPF YCUVGUQPVJGGPLQ[OGPVQHJWOCPTKIJVU /KUUKQPVQ%QVGFo+XQKTG VQ#WIWUV CPFVJG0GVJGTNCPFU VQ0QXGODGT 70&QE #*4%#FF5GRVGODGTRCTCU E CPF H YYYQJEJTQTIGPINKUJDQFKGUJTEQWPEKNFQEUUGUUKQP#*4%#FFRFH CEEGUUGF1EVQDGT &KCPC%)TQQVGPFQTUVCPF-NCWU(4CDG/GEJCPKUOUQH$TQPEJKCN*[RGTTGCEVKXKV[KP#UVJOCCPF%JTQPKE1DUVTWEVKXG2WNOQPCT[&KUGCUGYYY CVULQWTPCNUQTIFQKHWNNRCVU CEEGUUGF1EVQDGT 2TQHGUUQT$QIWK#VGNKGTFGTGUVKVWVKQPFGUTGUWNVCVUGVRTQLGVFoCEJGXGOGPVFGNoGVWFGTGNCVKXGCNCVQZKEKVGTGURKTCVQKTGEJG\NoJQOOGFGNoGZRQUKVKQP RTQNQPIGGCWZGOCPCVKQPUFGICIGGURCTNGUFGEJGVURGVTQNKGTUFW2TQDQ-QCNC,WPG QPƂNGYKVJ#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCN JGTGCHVGT$QIWK5VWF[ 2TQHGUUQT$QIWK2TÅXCNGPEGEQORCTÅGFGUU[ORVÐOGUEJTQPKSWGUGVFGNoJ[RGTTÅCEVKXKVÅDTQPEJKSWGGPVTG'ZRQUÅUFGNQPIWGFWTÅGGV0QP'ZRQUÅU CWZFÅEJGVURÅVTQNKGTUFW2TQDQ-QCNC 'XCNWCVKQPFGNCRGTUKUVCPEGFGNoJ[RGTTGCEVKXKVGDTQPEJKSWGUKPFWKVGEKPSCPUCRTGUNCƂPRTGUWOGGFG NoGZRQUKVKQP 2JCUGFWRTQLGV (GDTWCT[R QPƂNGYKVJ#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCN A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 23 STAGE 2 +P2TQHGUUQT$QIWKVGUVGFVJGTGURKTCVQT[HWPEVKQPQHCTCPFQOUCORNGQHRGQRNGHTQOVJGVYQITQWRUYJQ YGTGPGKVJGTCUVJOCVKEPQTUOQMGTU6JKUEQORTQOKUGFRGQRNGKPVJG0QP'ZRQUGFITQWRCPFRGQRNGKPVJG 'ZRQUGFITQWR6JGVGUVUEQPUKUVGFQHCURKTQOGVT[VGUVYJKEJVGUVUJQYOWEJCKT[QWECPDTGCVJGQWVKPQPGHQTEGF DTGCVJCPFCDTQPEJKCNEJCNNGPIGVGUV 6JGTGUWNVUQHVJGURKTQOGVT[VGUVYGTGUKOKNCTDGVYGGPVJG'ZRQUGFCPF0QP'ZRQUGFITQWRU*QYGXGTKPVJG DTQPEJKCNEJCNNGPIGVGUVVJGHTGSWGPE[QHDTQPEJKCNJ[RGTTGURQPUKXGPGUUYCUHQWTVKOGUJKIJGTKPVJG'ZRQUGF UWDLGEVUVJCPKPVJG0QP'ZRQUGFUWDLGEVU STAGE 3 +P2TQHGUUQT$QIWKTGGXCNWCVGFVJGTGURKTCVQT[HWPEVKQPQHRGQRNGKPVJG'ZRQUGFITQWRVQFGVGTOKPG YJGVJGTVJGTGYCUCP[RGTUKUVGPEGQHVJGUKIPKƂECPVDTQPEJKCNJ[RGTTGURQPUKXGPGUUQDUGTXGFKPVJG'ZRQUGF UWDLGEVUCV5VCIG 6JGTGUWNVUQH5VCIGTGXGCNGFVJCVVJTGG[GCTUQPHTQOVJGFWORKPIVJGUKIPKƂECPVDTQPEJKCNJ[RGTTGURQPUKXGPGUU JCFFKUCRRGCTGFKPQHVJGRGQRNG KGQHVJGECUGU 6JGRTGXCNGPEGQHDTQPEJKCNJ[RGTTGURQPUKXGPGUU KPVJKUUWDITQWRQHVJG'ZRQUGFITQWRJCFVJGTGHQTGTGVWTPGFVQVJGUCOGNGXGNCUVJCVHQWPFCOQPIVJG0QP 'ZRQUGFITQWRKP CONCLUSIONS 6JGUVWF[EQPENWFGFVJCVYCUCUVTQPIRTQDCDKNKV[QHCECWUCNTGNCVKQPUJKRDGVYGGPRTQNQPIGFGZRQUWTGVQVJG EJGOKECNUKPVJGVQZKEYCUVGCPFCPKPETGCUGKPVJGHTGSWGPE[QHVJGTGRQTVGFEJTQPKETGURKTCVQT[U[ORVQOUCUYGNN CUCPKPETGCUGKPVJGHTGSWGPE[QHDTQPEJKCNJ[RGTTGURQPUKXGPGUUD[RGQRNGKPVJG'ZRQUGFITQWREQORCTGFVQVJG 0QP'ZRQUGFITQWR 6JGUVWF[CNUQPQVGUVJCVVJGFGETGCUGKPVJGHTGSWGPE[QHDTQPEJKCNJ[RGTTGURQPUKXGPGUUQDUGTXGFKPVJGTGVGUVKPI KPHWTVJGTUWRRQTVGFVJGCTIWOGPVQHCECWUCNTGNCVKQPUJKRCUVJGFKUCRRGCTCPEGQHVJGECWUG KPVJKUECUG VJGVQZKEYCUVG YCUCEEQORCPKGFD[CTGVWTPVQVJGPQTOCNHTGSWGPE[QHDTQPEJKCNJ[RGTTGURQPUKXGPGUUCOQPIUV VJG'ZRQUGFUWDLGEVU 6JGUVWF[HWTVJGTEQPENWFGFVJCVVJGTGRQTVGFU[ORVQOUCPFVJGEJCPIGUVQTGURKTCVQT[HWPEVKQPKPFKECVGFCFGGR KPƃCOOCVKQPQHVJGCKTYC[UEQPUKUVGPVYKVJVJGMPQYPJCTOHWNGHHGEVUQHEJTQPKEKPJCNCVKQPQHKTTKVCPVEJGOKECNU UWEJCUJ[FTQIGPUWNRJKFGCPFUQFKWOJ[FTQZKFG 6JGUVWF[RQKPVUQWVVJCVCHVGTLWUVCHGYOQPVJUQHGZRQUWTGVQVJGEJGOKECNUKPVJGYCUVGVJGRTGXCNGPEGQH DTQPEJKCNJ[RGTTGURQPUKXGPGUUKPVJG'ZRQUGFUWDLGEVUKUITGCVGTVJCPVJGRTGXCNGPEGUGGPKPRGQRNGYJQJCXG UOQMGFOQTGVJCPEKICTGVVGUCFC[HQTQXGT[GCTU #NVJQWIJVJGUVWF[RTKOCTKN[HQEWUGFQPVJGGHHGEVUQHGZRQUWTGVQVJGEJGOKECNUKPVJGYCUVGKPVJGUJQTVVQ OGFKWOVGTOKVCNUQEQPUKFGTGFVJGRQUUKDKNKV[QHNQPIGTVGTOGHHGEVU6JGUVWF[EQPENWFGFVJCVpVJGUVTQPI UWURKEKQPQHVJGRTGUGPEGKPVJGVQZKEYCUVGQHECTEKPQIGPKEXQNCVKNGEQORQWPFUTCKUGUVJGHGCTQHCFGGR KORTGIPCVKQPQHVJGTGURKTCVQT[OWEWUOGODTCPGQHUWDUVCPEGUNKMGN[VQTGUWNVKPECPEGTQWUNGUKQPUq $QIWK5VWF[R VTCPUNCVKQPD[#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCN A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 24 4GEQOOGPFVJCVVJG%ÐVGFo+XQKTGIQXGTPOGPV KOOGFKCVGN[RWVKPRNCEGCUVWF[VQEQORTGJGPUKXGN[ CUUGUUCP[NQPIVGTOKORCEVUQHVJGFWORKPIQP 3. CONCLUSION AND JGCNVJ6JGUVWF[UJQWNF RECOMMENDATIONS • #KOVQKFGPVKH[CP[NQPIVGTOKORCEVUQHVJG FWORKPIQPVJGJGCNVJQHRGQRNGNKXKPIQT YQTMKPIPGZVVQVJGFWORUKVGU 3.1 CONCLUSION • #KOVQKFGPVKH[CP[QPIQKPITKUMUQHDGKPIGZRQUGF VQVJGEJGOKECNUKPVJGYCUVG RCTVKEWNCTN[KP NKIJVQHVJG70'2TGRQTV HQTGZCORNGFWG 6JKUDTKGƂPIJCUOCFGVJGJGCNVJCPFJWOCPTKIJVU VQNKXKPIQTYQTMKPIPGZVVQUKVGUYKVJQPIQKPI ECUGHQTCUVWF[VQEQORTGJGPUKXGN[CUUGUUCP[NQPI EQPVCOKPCVKQPQTFWGVQEQPVCOKPCVKQPQHYCVGT VGTOJGCNVJKORCEVUQHVJG#WIWUVFWORKPIQH UWRRNKGUQTVJGHQQFEJCKP VQZKEYCUVGKP#DKFLCP • +PENWFGCPGRKFGOKQNQIKECNUVWF[QHVJGCHHGEVGF 6JGFWORKPIJCFCFGXCUVCVKPIKORCEVQPVJGJGCNVJ RQRWNCVKQPCPFCOCVEJKPIEQPVTQNITQWRQH CPFGPXKTQPOGPVQHVJGRGQRNGQH#DKFLCPXKQNCVKPI KPFKXKFWCNUYJQEQWNFPQVJCXGDGGPGZRQUGF VJGKTTKIJVVQJGCNVJCPFGZRQUKPIVJGOVQJGCNVJTKUMU 6JGUVWF[UJQWNFDGQHUWHƂEKGPVUK\GVQFGVGEV VJCVJCXGPGXGTDGGPHWNN[WPFGTUVQQFQTCFFTGUUGF CP[EJCPIGUKPJGCNVJQTKPETGCUGFOQTVCNKV[CPF 'NGXGP[GCTUQPHTQOVJGFKUCUVGTRGQRNGKP#DKFLCP UJQWNFOCVEJKPFKXKFWCNUCEEQTFKPIVQCIGUGZ UVKNNNKXGKPHGCTQHVJGKORCEVUQHVJGFWORKPIQP IGPGTCNGPXKTQPOGPVCPFCP[QVJGTXCTKCDNGVQ VJGKTJGCNVJCPFVJGJGCNVJQHVJGKTEJKNFTGP GPUWTGCUHCTCURQUUKDNGVJCVVJGQPN[FKHHGTGPEG DGVYGGPVJGGZRQUGFITQWRCPFVJGEQPVTQNITQWR KURQUUKDNGGZRQUWTGVQEJGOKECNUKPVJGYCUVG 6JGHCKNWTGVQOQPKVQTVJGJGCNVJQHXKEVKOUCPFVQ 6JKUUVWF[UJQWNFCNUQKPENWFGRGQRNGNKXKPIQT HWNN[KFGPVKH[CPFCFFTGUUCP[NQPIVGTOJGCNVJTKUMU YQTMKPIPGZVVQGCEJQHVJGMPQYPFWORUKVGU JCUFGPKGFRGQRNGCOGCPKPIHWNCPFXKVCNCURGEVQH VJGKTTKIJVVQCPGHHGEVKXGTGOGF[6JGRGQRNGQH#DKFLCP • (QTVJGUGRWTRQUGUQDVCKPTGNGXCPVKPHQTOCVKQP JCXGCTKIJVVQMPQYKHGZRQUWTGVQVJGEJGOKECNUKP UWEJCU VJGYCUVGEQWNFECWUGNQPIVGTOJGCNVJKUUWGUCPF – 6JGJGCNVJTGEQTFUQHVJGNQECNRQRWNCVKQPVQUGG KHUQYJCVVJG[CTGCPFJQYVJG[ECPDGVTGCVGF KHVJGTGJCUDGGPCP[EJCPIGKPVJGHTGSWGPE[ QHCFOKUUKQPUVQJQURKVCNUQTJGCNVJEGPVTGUQT 6JGTGCTGWPFQWDVGFN[EJCNNGPIGUKPGUVCDNKUJKPIKH XKUKVUVQNQECNOGFKECNRTCEVKVKQPGTUin the period GZRQUWTGVQVJGEJGOKECNUKPVJGYCUVGJCUECWUGFQT KOOGFKCVGN[RTKQTVQVJGFWORKPI of the waste EQWNFECWUGNQPIVGTOJGCNVJKORCEVU6TCƂIWTCKVUGNH EQORCTGFYKVJUGVRGTKQFUCHVGTVJGFWORKPI UVTQPIN[FGPKGUVJCVVJGYCUVGEQWNFECWUGNQPIVGTO CPFVQPQVGVJGU[ORVQOUQHYJKEJKPFKXKFWCNU KNNPGUUGUQTVJCVVJGTGKUCP[QPIQKPIRQNNWVKQPVJCVEQWNF EQORNCKPGF ECWUGNQPIVGTOJGCNVJKORCEVU$WVWPNGUUCPFWPVKN s 4GNGXCPVFGOQITCRJKEFCVCQPOQTVCNKV[CPF CP[KORCEVUCTGHWNN[CUUGUUGFCPFCFFTGUUGFRGQRNG FKUGCUGRCVVGTPU s (WNNFGVCKNUCDQWVVJGEJGOKECNEQORQUKVKQP KP#DKFLCPYKNNEQPVKPWGVQNKXGKPHGCTQHVJGVQZKE QHVJGYCUVGCPFCP[UEKGPVKƂECPFQVJGT NGICE[QHVJKUFKUCUVGT UVWFKGUECTTKGFQWVKPTGNCVKQPVQVJGYCUVG CPFKVURQVGPVKCNKORCEV s 6JGRQVGPVKCNJGCNVJGHHGEVUQHGZRQUWTGVQVJG 3.2 RECOMMENDATIONS EJGOKECNUKPVJGYCUVGCPFVJGEQPEGPVTCVKQPU NKMGN[VQDGKPLWTKQWUVQJGCNVJ TO PUBLIC HEALTH EXPERTS AT THE UNITED • $GKPFGRGPFGPVKORCTVKCNCPFVJQTQWIJ NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME AND CPFWPFGTVCMGPD[SWCNKƂGFCPFEQORGVGPV WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION MEETING RTQHGUUKQPCNUKPVJGCTGCQHRWDNKEJGCNVJ A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 25 TO THE GOVERNMENT OF CÔTE D’IVOIRE • 'PUWTGVJCVCP[UWEJCEVKQPUOGGVVJG IQXGTPOGPVoUQDNKICVKQPUWPFGTKPVGTPCVKQPCN • +OOGFKCVGN[EQOOKUUKQPVJGUVWF[VQ JWOCPTKIJVUNCYKPRCTVKEWNCTD[ EQORTGJGPUKXGN[CUUGUUCP[NQPIVGTOKORCEVU QHVJGFWORKPIQPJGCNVJCPFOCMGURGEKƂE #EEQWPVKPIHQTVJGPGGFUCPFGZRGTKGPEGUQH TGSWGUVUHQTVGEJPKECNCPFƂPCPEKCNCUUKUVCPEG RQUUKDNGOCTIKPCNK\GFITQWRUKPENWFKPI HTQOQVJGTIQXGTPOGPVUCPFKPVGTPCVKQPCN RGQRNGNKXKPIKPRQXGTV[CPFOKITCPV QTICPK\CVKQPUYJGTGPGEGUUCT[ EQOOWPKVKGU 4GURGEVKPIKPHQTOGFEQPUGPVEQPƂFGPVKCNKV[ • &GXGNQRCPFKORNGOGPVCRNCPHQTVJGNQPIVGTO RTKXCE[QHJGCNVJKPHQTOCVKQPCPFVJG JGCNVJOQPKVQTKPIQHKPFKXKFWCNUCHHGEVGFD[VJG RTKPEKRNGUQHRCTVKEKRCVKQPCPFEQPUWNVCVKQP FWORKPI6JKUOQPKVQTKPIRNCPUJQWNFKPXQNXG +PRCTVKEWNCTGPUWTGRGQRNGYJQCTGVGUVGFCU RCTVQHVJGNQPIVGTOJGCNVJUVWF[WPFGTUVCPF s 4GIWNCTVGUVKPIHQTVJGEJGOKECNUMPQYPVQDG YJ[VJG[CTGDGKPIVGUVGFCPFJQYVJGKTVGUV KPVJGYCUVGCUYGNNCUVJGMPQYPU[ORVQOU TGUWNVUYKNNDGWUGFCPFVJCVVJG[CTGIKXGP QHGZRQUWTGVQVJGEJGOKECNUKPVJGYCUVG VJGKTVGUVTGUWNVUKPCVKOGN[OCPPGT s #EVKXGOQPKVQTKPIHQTCP[EJCPIGUKPJGCNVJ 'PUWTKPICNNKPHQTOCVKQPKURTQXKFGFKPC UVCVWUVJTQWIJVJGWUGQHKFGPVKƂGFJGCNVJ VKOGN[CEEGUUKDNGCPFEQORTGJGPUKDNG KPFKECVQTUCUYGNNCUEJGEMKPIHQTFKUGCUG OCPPGTCPFKPTGNGXCPVNQECNNCPIWCIGU RCVVGTPU +PHQTOCVKQPCDQWVVJGCXCKNCDKNKV[QHJGCNVJ TO THE GOVERNMENT OF THE NETHERLANDS OQPKVQTKPIUJQWNFDGYKFGN[FKUUGOKPCVGFUQ VJCVKPFKXKFWCNUYJQYGTGCHHGEVGFD[VJG #UCOCVVGTQHRTKQTKV[GPICIGYKVJCPFUWRRQTV FWORKPIDWVYJQJCXGNGHV#DKFLCPCTGCNUQ VJGIQXGTPOGPVQH%ÐVGFo+XQKTGVQECTT[QWVVJG CYCTGQHKV TGEQOOGPFCVKQPUKPVJKUDTKGƂPIURGEKƂECNN[ VJTQWIJHWPFKPIQHVJGUVWF[CPFJGCNVJOQPKVQTKPI • 'PUWTGVJGCXCKNCDKNKV[QHCEEGUUKDNGCHHQTFCDNG CPFSWCNKV[JGCNVJUGTXKEGUVQCFFTGUUCP[ URGEKƂEJGCNVJRTQDNGOUVJCVRGQRNGCHHGEVGFD[ TO OTHER GOVERNMENTS VJGFWORKPICTGHCEKPIPQYCPFKPVJGHWVWTG 6JKUKPENWFGU 'PICIGYKVJCPFUWRRQTVVJGIQXGTPOGPVQH%ÐVG Fo+XQKTGVQECTT[QWVVJGTGEQOOGPFCVKQPUKPVJKU s #XCKNCDKNKV[QHJGCNVJRTQHGUUKQPCNUVTCKPGFKP DTKGƂPI FKCIPQUKPICPFVTGCVKPIJGCNVJEQPFKVKQPU TGNCVKPIVQEJGOKECNUGZRQUWTGCUYGNNCU FTWIUCPFGSWKROGPVPGGFGFVQVTGCVCP[ TO TRAFIGURA U[ORVQOUCPFJGCNVJEQPFKVKQPU s 5RTGCFKPIKPHQTOCVKQPCDQWVRQUUKDNG &KUENQUGHWNNKPHQTOCVKQPQPVJGYCUVGKPENWFKPI U[ORVQOUCXCKNCDNGVTGCVOGPVCPFRQUUKDNG UEKGPVKƂECPFQVJGTUVWFKGUECTTKGFQWVKPTGNCVKQPVQ RTGXGPVCVKXGCEVKQPUsKPENWFKPIVJQUGKPXQNXKPI VJGYCUVGCPFKVURQVGPVKCNKORCEVU RTGXGPVCVKXGOGFKECNECTG UWEJCUJGCNVJ UETGGPKPIU sVJCVRGQRNGECPVCMGDGHQTG U[ORVQOUDGIKPVQRTGUGPVCPFGPUWTKPIVJG CXCKNCDKNKV[QHUWEJRTGXGPVCVKXGECTG A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 26 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL IS A GLOBAL MOVEMENT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. WHEN INJUSTICE HAPPENS TO ONE PERSON, IT MATTERS TO US ALL CONTACT US JOIN THE CONVERSATION [email protected] www.facebook.com/AmnestyGlobal +44 (0)20 7413 5500 @AmnestyOnline A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING Amnesty International 27 A TOXIC LEGACY THE CASE FOR A MEDICAL STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE TRAFIGURA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING 1P#WIWUVVJGRGQRNGQH#DKFLCPKP%ÐVGFo+XQKTGYQMGVQƂPFVJCVHQWNUOGNNKPIVQZKE YCUVGJCFDGGPFWORGFCETQUUVJGKTEKV[ +PVJGHQNNQYKPIFC[UCPFYGGMUVJQWUCPFUQHRGQRNGCTQWPFVJGEKV[UVTGCOGFKPVQOGFKECN HCEKNKVKGUEQORNCKPKPIQHDTGCVJKPIFKHƂEWNVKGUPCWUGCJGCFCEJGUUVKPIKPIG[GUCPFDWTPKPI UMKPVTKIIGTKPIYKFGURTGCFRCPKE1XGTRGQRNGUQWIJVVTGCVOGPVCEEQTFKPIVQQHƂEKCN TGEQTFU6JGFWORUKVGUTGSWKTGFGZVGPUKXGENGCPWRCPFFGEQPVCOKPCVKQP 6JGFWORKPICOQWPVGFVQCXKQNCVKQPQHVJGTKIJVVQJGCNVJQHVJGRGQRNGQH#DKFLCPYJKEJJCU PGXGTDGGPHWNN[TGOGFKGF0QQPGJCUGXGTEJGEMGFWRQPQTOQPKVQTGFVJGJGCNVJQHCHHGEVGF EQOOWPKVKGUQTHWNN[CUUGUUGFCP[NQPIVGTOJGCNVJTKUMUQHGZRQUWTGVQVJGEJGOKECNUKPVJG YCUVG#UCTGUWNVRGQRNGKP#DKFLCPNKXGKPHGCTQHVJGVQZKENGICE[QHVJKUFKUCUVGT 6JKUDTKGƂPIOCMGUVJGJGCNVJCPFJWOCPTKIJVUECUGHQTCUVWF[VQEQORTGJGPUKXGN[CUUGUUVJG NQPIVGTOJGCNVJKORCEVUQHVJKUFKUCUVGT 'NGXGP[GCTUQPVJGRGQRNGQH#DKFLCPJCXGCTKIJVVQMPQYKHGZRQUWTGVQVJGEJGOKECNUKPVJG YCUVGEQWNFECWUGNQPIVGTOJGCNVJKUUWGUCPFKHUQYJCVVJG[CTGCPFJQYVJG[ECPDGVTGCVGF INDEX: AFR 45/7594/2018 JANUARY 2018 LANGUAGE: ENGLISH amnesty.org