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Lesson 6-The Feast of Firstfruits

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Lesson 6-The Feast of Firstfruits The Feasts of Israel Lesson Six - The Feast of Firstfruits - The Resurrection One division of systematic theology of major Bible doctrines is known as Eschatology, or, the study of last things. This study delves into future prophetic events such as the Rapture of the Church, the Day of the Lord, the return of the Messiah, the restoration of Israel, and the messianic Kingdom. Although not a major doctrine, nor often examined, the subject of first things is one about which the Bible has much to say. Somewhat obscure and essentially unobserved for almost two thousand years, Israel's Feast of Firstfruits was an ancient holy day solely devoted to first things. Its a powerful message that not only embraces the gospel but empowers it. Without the resurrection of Christ, all other things concerning the gospel have no effect. The Meaning and Time of Firstfruits Firstfruits marked the beginning of the cereal grain harvests in Israel. Barley was the first grain to ripen of those sown in the winter months. For Firstfruits, a sheaf of barley was harvested and brought to the Temple as a thanksgiving offering to the Lord for the harvest. It was a representative of the barley harvest as a whole and served as a pledge or guarantee that the remainder of the harvest would be realized in the days that followed. Firstfruits was an early spring feast, the third in the Jewish festive cycle. On the Hebrew calendar, it occurred on the 16th day of Nisan, the first biblical month (March or April), only two days after the beginning of the Passover season. Scripture did not specify the actual calendar date of Firstfruits, but merely prescribed its time of observance to be "on the day after the Sabbath." Thus, the chronology of the Passover season consisted of: · Passover - Nisan 14 · The Feast of Unleavened Bread - Nisan 15-21 · The First of Firstfruits - Nisan16 The second day of Unleavened Bread was also Firstfruits, a day simultaneously shared by both holidays. The Record of Firstfruits The regulations for Firstfruits were outlined by the Lord in Leviticus 23:9-14 Leviticus 23:9-14 - And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, [10] Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the Firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest: [11] And he shall wave the sheaf before the Lord, to be accepted for you: on the 55 morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it. [12] And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the Lord. [13] And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the Lord for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin. [14] And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings. In summary, there were eight commands of Jehovah to the nation regarding this feast: · Tell Israel to bring a sheaf of the firstfruits to the priest, when you shall come into the land and reap a harvest. · The priest shall wave the sheaf before Jehovah to be accepted for you (Leviticus 23:11). · He shall wave it after the sabbath (the sixteenth of the first month). · On that day you shall offer a lamb of the first year without blemish, for a burnt offering to Jehovah (Leviticus 23:12). · With the lamb offer two tenth deals (1 gallon) of fine flour mingled with oil as an offering made by fire to Jehovah, for a sweet savor (Leviticus 23:13). · The drink offering with this shall be a fourth of a hin (1.5 qts.) of wine. · You shall not eat of your crops of parched corn or green ears (of wheat) until the offering of the firstfruits has been made to Jehovah (Leviticus 23:14). · This shall be a statute forever in all your generations. A sheaf (Heb. omer, meaning "measure") was to be brought to the priest at the Temple who would wave it before the Lord for acceptance. There were also to be accompanying sacrifices: an unblemished male lamb of the first year, a drink offering of wine, and a meal offering of the barley flour mixed with olive oil. The people were forbidden to use any part of the harvest in any way until after the FIRSTFRUITS were offered to the Lord. To neglect these firstfruits offerings (or any others) was considered robbery of God according to Scripture. 56 Leviticus 23:14 - And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings. Malachi 3:8 - Will a man rob God? Yet ye have robbed me. But ye say, Wherein have we robbed thee? In tithes and offerings. The ritual for the Firstfruits ceremony was detailed in Deuteronomy 26:1-10. The order of the worship ceremony, even in the actual wording of the thanksgiving prayer to God, was carefully recorded in the text. Deut. 26:1-10 - And it shall be, when thou art come in unto the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and possesses it, and dwells therein; [2] That thou shalt take of the first of all the fruit of the earth, which thou shalt bring of thy land that the Lord thy God giveth thee, and shalt put it in a basket, and shalt go unto the place which the Lord thy God shall choose to place his name there. [3] And thou shalt go unto the priest that shall be in those days, and say unto him, I profess this day unto the Lord thy God, that I am come unto the country which the Lord swore unto our fathers for to give us. [4] And the priest shall take the basket out of thine hand, and set it down before the altar of the Lord thy God. [5] And thou shalt speak and say before the Lord thy God, A Syrian ready to perish was my father, and he went down into Egypt, and sojourned there with a few, and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous: [6] And the Egyptians evil entreated us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage: [7] And when we cried unto the Lord God of our fathers, the Lord heard our voice, and looked on our affliction, and our labor, and our oppression: [8] And the Lord brought us forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with great terribleness, and with signs, and with wonders: [9] And he hath brought us into this place, and hath given us this land, even a land that floweth with milk and honey. [10] And now, behold, I have brought the Firstfruits of the land, which thou, O Lord, hast given me. And thou shalt set it before the Lord thy God, and worship before the Lord thy God: The Importance of Firstfruits Firstfruits was preeminently seen as a time marker. It marked the beginning of the grain harvest in Israel, but even more importantly, it marked the countdown to the Feast of Weeks, the FOURTH of Israel's annual feasts. Beginning with Firstfruits, forty-nine days (or seven sevens) were counted, and on the fiftieth day, the Feast of Weeks was celebrated. The Lord commanded this is Lev. 23:15-16 57 Leviticus 23:15-16 - And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete: [16] Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a new meat offering unto the Lord. As a result, this period of time was, and still is, known as the Sefirat Ha-Omer (Heb. "the Counting of the Omer") because of the ritual of counting the days from the omer (Heb. "sheaf, measure") to the Feast of Weeks. The Service of Firstfruits The Preparation for Firstfruits In Temple days, Nisan 14 brought the painstaking preparations for the Passover season to completion: lambs had been chosen for Passover sacrifices, houses had been purged of all leaven in preparation for the Feast of Unleavened Bread, and barley sheaves had been marked in the fields for the Feast of Firstfruits. The barley field was a special field, cultivated solely for the national Firstfruits offering and kept strictly in accordance with all rabbinic traditions. One of the major barley fields in Israel, Ashes Valley, usually contain ripe grain, swaying gently in the soft breeze, and creating a mesmerizing pattern of warm gold. It had been plowed in the autumn and sown with barley some seventy days earlier during the winter months. Constant oversight assured that the crop had grown naturally, with no artificial watering or fertilization. In the days leading up to Passover, several sheaves were selectively marked and bundled by representatives from the Sanhedrin, Israel's ruling religious body. With that, the preparation for Firstfruits was complete. The Procession of Firstfruits Several days later at sundown on Nisan 15 (the beginning of the new Jewish day, Nisan 16), a three-man delegation from the Sanhedrin emerged from the Temple area, accompanied by a multitude of excited believers and observers.
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