DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecotypic Differentiation Calopogon Tuberosus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecotypic Differentiation Calopogon Tuberosus Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 136(4), 2009, pp. 433–444 In vitro ecology of Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus (Orchidaceae) seedlings from distant populations: implications for assessing ecotypic differentiation1 Philip J. Kauth2 and Michael E. Kane Plant Restoration, Conservation, and Propagation Biotechnology Program, Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 3261 KAUTH,P.J.AND M. E. KANE (Plant Restoration, Conservation, and Propagation Biotechnology Program, Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611). In vitro ecology among four populations of Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus (Orchidaceae): implications for ecotypic differentiation. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 136: 000–000. 2009.—In vitro culture techniques can be used to study the unique growth habits of plants as well as the ecological factors that influence seedling growth and development (i.e., in vitro ecology) such as adaptation to local environmental conditions. The in vitro seedling ecology of Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus from Michigan, South Carolina, and Florida was studied with emphasis on timing of corm formation and biomass allocation. In vitro seedling growth and development were monitored for 20 weeks. Corm formation was most rapid in Michigan seedlings, but was progressively delayed in southern populations. Similarly, biomass allocation to corms was highest in Michigan seedlings while south Florida seedlings exhibited the lowest corm biomass allocation. Shoot senescence in vitro also began earlier in more northern populations. The rapid corm formation and biomass allocation in seedlings from more northern populations represents an adaptive response to a shorter growing season. The relative differences in corm formation, biomass allocation, and shoot senescence in C. tuberosus seedlings suggest that in vitro common garden studies are useful to assess the degree of ecotypic differentiation among populations for a wide range of ecological factors. Additionally, these in vitro techniques can be transferred to numerous species worldwide. Key words: biomass allocation, common garden study, corm, ecotype, orchid. Introduction. Widely distributed plant spe- stability since non-locally adapted ecotypes cies have evolved the ability to survive broad can reduce plant population fitness (Linhart environmental conditions leading to local and Grant 1996, Hufford and Mazer 2003, adaptation to biotic and abiotic conditions McKay et al. 2005). (Linhart 1995, Joshi et al. 2001, Sanders and Local adaptation has been studied in McGraw 2005). Local adaptation in plants numerous species through common garden was first examined using common garden and reciprocal transplant experiments (Nuis- studies by Turesson (1922), who first used mer and Gandon 2008). Common garden the term ecotype, and by Clausen et al. (1941) studies test local adaptation and fitness of using reciprocal transplant studies. The im- individuals from local or distant habitats in a portance of using appropriate ecotypes for common environment. Common garden stud- conservation and restoration studies has been ies may more efficiently test the genetic recently highlighted. Using locally adapted contribution to fitness while minimizing envi- plant material for restoration purposes may be ronmental impacts on fitness. Transplant necessary to maintain ecosystem function and studies may better estimate environmental variation since individuals are transplanted to habitats with environmental conditions not 1 We thank Larry Richardson (Wildlife Biologist; experienced in the natural habitat (Nuismer Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge), Jim Fowler (South Carolina population), and Kip and Gandon, 2008). Local adaptation can be Knudson (Michigan population) for collecting studied by examining performance of ecotypes seeds. We also thank Mary Bunch (South Carolina under different photoperiods (Howe et al. Heritage Preserve Program). We also thank the U.S. 1995, Kurepin et al. 2007), temperatures Fish and Wildlife-Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge for assisting with partial financial support. (Seneca 1972, Probert et al. 1985), and soil Brand names are provided as references only and we regimes (Grzes´ 2007, Sambatti and Rice 2007). do not solely recommend these products. Differences in biomass allocation have also 2 Author for correspondence. E-mail: pkauth@ been proposed as an important aspect of ufl.edu Received for publication February 2, 2009, and in ecotypic differentiation. Northern ecotypes of revised form August 27, 2009. Spartina alterniflora allocated more biomass 433 Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society tbot-136-04-02.3d 30/11/09 14:03:40 433 Cust # 09-RA-013R1 434 JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY [VOL.136 to underground organs including roots and in vitro ecology studies can be used to rhizomes (Gallagher 1983, Gallagher and correlate environmental and genetic variables Howarth 1987, Gross et al. 1991). Greater that affect plant growth and development in biomass allocation to underground organs in vitro with ecological factors affecting growth northern ecotypes of several species was due to and development in situ. In vitro ecology a shorter growing season (Potvin 1986, Sa- could also be used to assess ecotypic differen- wada et al. 1994, Kane et al. 2000, Liancourt tiation for habitat restoration and plant and Tielbo¨rger 2009) and a higher allocation reintroduction programs by conducting in of carbohydrate reserves to overwintering vitro common garden studies under controlled structures (Mooney and Billings 1960). Bio- environmental conditions. Since this use of in mass allocation has also been correlated with vitro ecology is a new area of research its various reproductive strategies in ecotypes. validity must be verified. Ecotypes found in fields or areas of younger Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus (L.) succession allocated more biomass to repro- Britton, Sterns, & Poggenberg is a terrestrial ductive organs than those in wooded habitats orchid native to eastern North America, and that allocated more biomass to vegetative occupies diverse habitats such as wet prairies, structures (Abrahamson 1975, 1979). Marsh pine flatwoods, roadsides, fens, and sphagnum plants that occupied areas of greater distur- bogs. Based on morphological variation, bance allocated more biomass and carbohy- Goldman et al. (2004) defined three specific drate reserves to underground storage organs geographic areas for C. tuberosus: northern (Sun et al. 2001, Pen˜as-Fronteras et al. 2009). plants in glaciated areas, southwest plants west Common garden and transplant studies can of the Mississippi Embayment, and southeast be performed in greenhouses, growth cham- plants east of the Mississippi River and south bers, natural habitats, and outdoor plots of the glaciated zone. However, Goldman et (Gallagher et al. 1988, Howe et al. 1995, al. (2004) did not classify C. tuberosus Majerowicz et al. 2000, Suzuki 2008), but ecotypes, but stated that variation in C. obtaining permits to collect and transplant tuberosus could be caused by environmental protected, rare, threatened, or endangered conditions. Further ecotypic differentiation species, as many orchids are, is difficult. Seeds has not been previously explored in C. can be used to produce mature plants for tuberosus. Additionally, little information ex- common garden and transplant studies. While ists on ecotypic differentiation of orchids. this may be an effective method for quick- Although morphological and genetic variation growing species, orchids often require four or exists in C. tuberosus, all plants throughout its more years to flower from initial seed germi- range form corms. Differences in biomass nation (Stoutamire 1964). Additionally, in situ allocation among C. tuberosus populations orchid seed germination is difficult and time have been previously reported (Kauth et al. consuming since germination is often low 2008). However, a detailed timecourse com- (Brundrett et al. 2003, Zettler et al. 2005, Diez parison for C. tuberosus seedling development 2007). Alternatively, in vitro techniques can be has not been reported, and little information used to study environmental requirements for exists regarding the influence of storage organ orchid seed germination (Kauth et al. 2008) as biomass allocation on ecotypic differentiation. well as seedling growth and development (Dijk Evaluation of in vitro seedling development and Eck 1995). from several Calopogon tuberosus populations Many in vitro culture techniques can be from diverse geographic sources might clarify grouped under the discipline of in vitro the extent of ecotypic differentiation across its ecology. In vitro ecology has been previously range. In this study, the in vitro ecology of C. defined to include environmental and exoge- tuberosus seedlings was studied in relation to nous factors (i.e., temperature, light, gas corm formation, biomass allocation, and phase, culture media) that affect in vitro geographic source. Additionally, our goal is growth and development (Hughes 1981, Wil- to confirm the effectiveness of using an in vitro liams 2007). Here, we further define in vitro common garden study to aid in differentiating ecology to include the evaluation and use of in C. tuberosus ecotypes. vitro culture techniques to identify, propagate, evaluate, and select plant genotypes and Materials and Methods. SEED COLLECTION. ecotypes for ecological purposes. Specifically, Seeds were collected throughout summer
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
    Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus.
    [Show full text]
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article Organic Compounds: Contents and Their Role in Improving Seed Germination and Protocorm Development in Orchids
    Hindawi International Journal of Agronomy Volume 2020, Article ID 2795108, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2795108 Review Article Organic Compounds: Contents and Their Role in Improving Seed Germination and Protocorm Development in Orchids Edy Setiti Wida Utami and Sucipto Hariyanto Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia Correspondence should be addressed to Sucipto Hariyanto; [email protected] Received 26 January 2020; Revised 9 May 2020; Accepted 23 May 2020; Published 11 June 2020 Academic Editor: Isabel Marques Copyright © 2020 Edy Setiti Wida Utami and Sucipto Hariyanto. ,is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In nature, orchid seed germination is obligatory following infection by mycorrhizal fungi, which supplies the developing embryo with water, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, causing the seeds to germinate relatively slowly and at a low germination rate. ,e nonsymbiotic germination of orchid seeds found in 1922 is applicable to in vitro propagation. ,e success of seed germination in vitro is influenced by supplementation with organic compounds. Here, we review the scientific literature in terms of the contents and role of organic supplements in promoting seed germination, protocorm development, and seedling growth in orchids. We systematically collected information from scientific literature databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest, as well as published books and conference proceedings. Various organic compounds, i.e., coconut water (CW), peptone (P), banana homogenate (BH), potato homogenate (PH), chitosan (CHT), tomato juice (TJ), and yeast extract (YE), can promote seed germination and growth and development of various orchids.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Iowa Plant Species List
    !PLANTCO FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE: IOWA DATABASE This list has been modified from it's origional version which can be found on the following website: http://www.public.iastate.edu/~herbarium/Cofcons.xls IA CofC SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PHYSIOGNOMY W Wet 9 Abies balsamea Balsam fir TREE FACW * ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI Buttonweed A-FORB 4 FACU- 4 Acalypha gracilens Slender three-seeded mercury A-FORB 5 UPL 3 Acalypha ostryifolia Three-seeded mercury A-FORB 5 UPL 6 Acalypha rhomboidea Three-seeded mercury A-FORB 3 FACU 0 Acalypha virginica Three-seeded mercury A-FORB 3 FACU * ACER GINNALA Amur maple TREE 5 UPL 0 Acer negundo Box elder TREE -2 FACW- 5 Acer nigrum Black maple TREE 5 UPL * Acer rubrum Red maple TREE 0 FAC 1 Acer saccharinum Silver maple TREE -3 FACW 5 Acer saccharum Sugar maple TREE 3 FACU 10 Acer spicatum Mountain maple TREE FACU* 0 Achillea millefolium lanulosa Western yarrow P-FORB 3 FACU 10 Aconitum noveboracense Northern wild monkshood P-FORB 8 Acorus calamus Sweetflag P-FORB -5 OBL 7 Actaea pachypoda White baneberry P-FORB 5 UPL 7 Actaea rubra Red baneberry P-FORB 5 UPL 7 Adiantum pedatum Northern maidenhair fern FERN 1 FAC- * ADLUMIA FUNGOSA Allegheny vine B-FORB 5 UPL 10 Adoxa moschatellina Moschatel P-FORB 0 FAC * AEGILOPS CYLINDRICA Goat grass A-GRASS 5 UPL 4 Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye TREE -1 FAC+ * AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM Horse chestnut TREE 5 UPL 10 Agalinis aspera Rough false foxglove A-FORB 5 UPL 10 Agalinis gattingeri Round-stemmed false foxglove A-FORB 5 UPL 8 Agalinis paupercula False foxglove
    [Show full text]
  • IN VITRO SEED GERMINATION and SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT of Calopogon Tuberosus and Sacoila Lanceolata Var
    IN VITRO SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT OF Calopogon tuberosus AND Sacoila lanceolata var. lanceolata: TWO FLORIDA NATIVE TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS By PHILIP KAUTH A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2005 Copyright 2005 by Philip Kauth This document is dedicated to all native orchid enthusiasts. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Dr. Wagner Vendrame, my major professor, and Dr. Michael Kane, my “unofficial” major professor, for their encouragement, support, dedication, and patience. I thank Dr. Michael Kane for generously opening his lab in Gainesville to me. I also thank Dr. Thomas Sheehan for serving on my supervisory committee and sharing his abundant knowledge of orchids. The members of my supervisory committee have shown me the benefits of true professionalism. I thank my fellow lab-workers, Nancy Philman, and graduate students, Carmen Valero-Aracama and Xi Liu Shen. They truly made the lab a great place to work and showed me how fun research is. I especially thank Scott Stewart for sharing his orchid knowledge. The best times I had in the past 2 years were taking our many orchid road trips, especially when we took the hard way even though the easy route was only several feet away. I thank Meredith for her love, support, patience, and interest in this work. Thank you for listening to me talk about the pink and red one; I will get you to memorize the scientific names of the plants. I also thank my family for their love and support, as well as encouraging me to attend the University of Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Orchid Conservation, Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge
    Native Orchid Conservation on the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge: A Review of Cooperative Research, Posed Questions, and Recommendations 2011 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference Naples Botanical Garden, Naples, Florida December 2-3, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 2 COMMONLY USED APPROACHES FOR ORCHID CONSERVATION RESEARCH .......... 3 PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS .......................................................................... 5 SPECIES SPECIFIC RESEARCH BLETIA PURPUREA, PINE-PINK ............................................................................ 7 CALOPOGON TUBEROSUS, COMMON GRASS-PINK ...................................................... 9 CYRTOPODIUM PUNCTATUM, CIGAR ORCHID .......................................................... 12 DENDROPHYLAX LINDENII, GHOST ORCHID ........................................................... 14 EPIDENDRUM NOCTURNUM, NIGHT-FRAGRANT EPIDENDRUM ....................................... 15 EULOPHIA ALTA, WILD COCO ........................................................................... 16 NON-SPECIES SPECIFIC RESEARCH .............................................................. 18 SCIENTIFIC MANUSCRIPT BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................... 19 CONSERVATION STRATEGIES QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER................................ 22 Prepared by James J. Sadler, a current graduate assistant in the Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida
    [Show full text]
  • Pollination Biology in Seven Taxa of Michigan Drchidaceae and a Study of Cypripedium Calcedlus in Michigan Based on Living Plants and Herbarium Specimens
    V‘ 0"‘9m‘vfuw“o‘\-‘0 «~“‘-l “h“‘. “n “~ 7,-‘o g. Q'- ‘\.'-,'1 POLLINATION BIOLOGY IN SEVEN TAXA OF MICHIGAN DRCHIDACEAE AND A STUDY OF CYPRIPEDIUM CALCEDLUS IN MICHIGAN BASED ON LIVING PLANTS AND HERBARIUM SPECIMENS Thesis for the Degree of M. S. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY CATHEY IO NEWHOUSE 1976 III III IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIILIIII 3 1293 ABSTRACT POLLINATION BIOLOGY IN SEVEN TAXA OF MICHIGAN ORCHIDACEAE AND A STUDY OF CYPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS IN MICHIGAN BASED ON LIVING PLANTS AND HERBARIUM SPECIMENS By Cathey Jo Newhouse Seven taxa of Michigan Orchidaceae (Pogonia ophioglossides, Calopogon tuberosus, Habenaria blephariglottis, Cypripedium acaule, Cypripedium reginae, Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens, and Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum) were studied to determine the normal means of reproduction, the self-compatibility, and the polli- nating agent. With the exception of Pogonia_9phioglossoides, all species were found to be normally cross-pollinated, but to have no self—sterility barriers. Self-pollination is ruled out by mechanical factors preventing the transfer of pollen to the stigma. In addition, six of the species were found to be obviously capable of vegatative reproduction. Pogonia gphioglossoides exhibited a pattern indicating either some form of cleistogamy or a form of apomixis. Specific polli- nating agents are given where observed. A study was also carried out of the two varieties of Cypripedium calceolus in Michigan (var. pubescens and var. parviflorum) based on living plants and herbarium material. A classical Cathey Jo Newhouse morphological analysis was used along with a statistical analysis of characters. In the area of study, at least, these two taxa were found to be behaving very much like two distinct species.
    [Show full text]
  • Illustration Sources
    APPENDIX ONE ILLUSTRATION SOURCES REF. CODE ABR Abrams, L. 1923–1960. Illustrated flora of the Pacific states. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. ADD Addisonia. 1916–1964. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Reprinted with permission from Addisonia, vol. 18, plate 579, Copyright © 1933, The New York Botanical Garden. ANDAnderson, E. and Woodson, R.E. 1935. The species of Tradescantia indigenous to the United States. Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Reprinted with permission of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. ANN Hollingworth A. 2005. Original illustrations. Published herein by the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth. Artist: Anne Hollingworth. ANO Anonymous. 1821. Medical botany. E. Cox and Sons, London. ARM Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1889–1912. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. BA1 Bailey, L.H. 1914–1917. The standard cyclopedia of horticulture. The Macmillan Company, New York. BA2 Bailey, L.H. and Bailey, E.Z. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Revised and expanded by the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. Reprinted with permission from William Crepet and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. BA3 Bailey, L.H. 1900–1902. Cyclopedia of American horticulture. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. BB2 Britton, N.L. and Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British posses- sions. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. BEA Beal, E.O. and Thieret, J.W. 1986. Aquatic and wetland plants of Kentucky. Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission, Frankfort. Reprinted with permission of Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • TVA REGIONAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Rank Status 1
    TVA REGIONAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Rank Status 09 Dec 2008 1 EST_ID ELCODE_BCD SCIENTIFIC_NAME COMMON_NAME AL GA KY MS NC TN VA FED ST VASCULAR PLANTS 7460 PGPIN01050 Abies fraseri Fraser Fir S2 SR-L S1S2 THR S1 SLNS 7109 PDEUP010L1 Acalypha deamii Deam's Copperleaf S1 SPCO 6825 PDACE01070 Acer leucoderme Chalk Maple S3 SPCO 15967 PDACE010J0 Acer spicatum Mountain Maple S2 SPCO 6950 PDASTD1030 Acmella oppositifolia Creeping Spot-flower S2 SPCO 7312 PDRAN01080 Aconitum reclinatum Trailing Wolfsbane S3 SR-T S1 END 7313 PDRAN010A0 Aconitum uncinatum Wild Monkshood S1 SLNS 7464 PMACO01020 Acorus calamus Sweetflag S1 SLNS 7771 PPADI03010 Adiantum capillus-veneris Southern Maidenhair Fern S2 THR S2 SLNS 7154 PDFUM02010 Adlumia fungosa Climbing Fumitory S2 SR-P S2 THR 7179 PDHPC01030 Aesculus glabra Ohio Buckeye S2 SPCO S2? SLNS 15740 PDHPC01060 Aesculus pavia Red Buckeye S2S3 THR 7412 PDSCR01130 Agalinis auriculata Earleaf Foxglove S1 END S1 SLNS S2 END 15759 PDSCR01060 Agalinis decemloba Purple Foxglove S1? SPCO 7407 PDSCR010E0 Agalinis heterophylla Prairie False-foxglove S1 THR TVA REGIONAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Rank Status 09 Dec 2008 2 EST_ID ELCODE_BCD SCIENTIFIC_NAME COMMON_NAME AL GA KY MS NC TN VA FED ST VASCULAR PLANTS 15883 PDSCR010M0 Agalinis oligophylla Ridge-stem False-foxglove S2 SLNS S1 END 15829 PDSCR010N0 Agalinis paupercula Small-flower Gerardia S1 SLNS 7413 PDSCR01170 Agalinis plukenetii Purple Gerardia SH E-P 7410 PDSCR010S0 Agalinis setacea Thread-leaved Gerardia SH SPCO 7411 PDSCR010T0 Agalinis skinneriana Purple Gerardia S1S2 END
    [Show full text]
  • Oklahoma Native Plant Record
    ISSN 1536-7738 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Journal of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society Volume 1, Number 1, December 2001 Premier Issue Oklahoma Native Plant Society The purpose of the ONPS is to encourage the study, protection, propagation, appreciation and use of the native plants of Oklahoma. Membership in ONPS shall be open to any person who supports the aims of the Society. ONPS offers individual, student, family, and life membership. Officers and Board President: Pat Folley Photo Contest: Paul Reimer Vice-president: Chad Cox Ann Long Award Chair: Paul Reimer Secretary: Maurita Nations Harriet Barclay Award Chair: Treasurer: Mary Korthase Connie Taylor Board Members: ONPS Service Award Chair: Sue Amstutz Berlin Heck Newsletter Editor: Chad Cox Iris McPherson Librarian: Bonnie Winchester Sue Amstutz Website Manager: Chad Cox Jim Elder Paul Reimer Larry Magrath Managing editor: Sheila Strawn Technical editor: Pat Folley Northeast Chapter Chair: Jim Elder Technical advisor: Bruce Hoagland Central Chapter Chair: Judy Jordan Cross-timbers Chapter Chair: Ron Tyrl Historian: Lynn Allen Cover: Cercis canadensis (Redbud) Photo courtesy of Charles Lewallen. Conservation Chair: Berlin Heck “That man is truly ethical who shatters no Publicity Co-chairs: ice crystal as it sparkles in the sun, tears no Ruth Boyd & Betty Culpepper leaf from a tree…” Marketing Chair: Larry Magrath Albert Schweitzer Articles (c) The Authors Journal compilation (c) Oklahoma Native Plant Society Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-sa/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly attributed, not used for commercial purposes, and, if transformed, the resulting work is redistributed under the same or similar license to this one.
    [Show full text]
  • Monocots / Illustrated Flora of East Texas/Color Photographs 273
    MONOCOTS / ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS/COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS 273 ACORUS CALAMUS / DRUG SWEETFLAG IP. 406 / WLC ➤ ALETRIS AUREA / YELLOW STAR-GRASS / P. 749 / RJO ALETRIS FARINOSA / UNICORN-ROOT / P. 749 / GHB* 274 COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS/ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS / MONOCOTS ALLIUM CANADENSE VAR. CANADENSE / CANADA GARLIC / P. 435 / WLC ALLIUM CANADENSE VAR. MOBILENSE / MOBILE ONION / P. 436 / WLC ALLIUM DRUMMONDII / DRUMMOND’SONION / P. 436 / RJG CLOSE-UP OF ALLIUM DRUMMONDII DRUMMOND’SONION / P. 436 / RJG MONOCOTS / ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS/COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS 275 ANDROPOGON GERARDII / BIG BLUESTEM / P. 821 / GMD ALOPHIA DRUMMONDII / PURPLE PLEAT-LEAF / P. 684 / GMD ANDROPOGON TERNARIUS / SPLIT-BEARD BLUESTEM / P. 824 / BRC ANDROPOGON GLOMERATUS / BUSHY BLUESTEM / P. 822 / BRC ANDROSTEPHIUM COERULEUM / BLUE FUNNEL-LILY / P. 1128 / JAC 276 COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS/ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS / MONOCOTS ASPARAGUS OFFICINALES GARDEN ASPARAGUS IP. 476 / WLC ➤ ARISAEMA DRACONTIUM / GREEN-DRAGON / P. 465 / RJO APTERIA APHYLLA / NODDING-NIXIE / P. 481 / JAL ARISAEMA TRIPHYLLUM SUBSP. TRIPHYLLUM / JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT / P. 465 / JVK ARUNDINARIA GIGANTEA / GIANT CANE / P. 834 / GMD ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON EBONY SPLEENWORT / P. 337 / GMD MONOCOTS / ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS/COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS 277 AZOLLA CAROLINIANA / MOSQUITO FERN / P. 339 / GMD ➤ BOLBOSCHOENUS ROBUSTUS / SEASIDE BULRUSH / P. 511 / WCW BELAMCANDA CHINENSIS / BLACKBERRY-LILY IP. 685 / AFV* BOTRYCHIUM DISSECTUM / DISSECTED GRAPE FERN / P. 357 / WCW ➤ SPOROPHORE OF BOTRYCHIUM BITERNATUM / WCW BOTRYCHIUM BITERNATUM SOUTHERN GRAPE FERN / P. 357 / WCW 278 COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS/ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS / MONOCOTS BOUTELOUA HIRSUTA HAIRY GRAMA / P. 849 / GMD BOUTELOUA RIGIDISETA / TEXAS GRAMA / P. 850 / GMD BOUTELOUA PECTINATA / TALL GRAMA / P. 849 / GMD BOUTELOUA CURTIPENDULA / SIDE-OATS GRAMA / P.
    [Show full text]
  • Chilling Relieves Corm Dormancy in Calopogon Tuberosus (Orchidaceae) from Geographically Distant Populations
    Environmental and Experimental Botany 70 (2011) 283–288 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environmental and Experimental Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envexpbot Chilling relieves corm dormancy in Calopogon tuberosus (Orchidaceae) from geographically distant populations Philip J. Kauth a,∗, Michael E. Kane a, Wagner A. Vendrame b a Plant Restoration, Conservation, and Propagation Biotechnology Program, Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, PO Box 110675, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA b Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031, USA article info abstract Article history: Many plant species require a chilling period to commence regrowth from overwintering structures such Received 17 November 2009 as buds, corms, tubers, and rhizomes. While the effects of chilling have been thoroughly studied in a horti- Received in revised form 4 October 2010 cultural context, little information exists regarding the relationship between ecotypic differentiation and Accepted 6 October 2010 chilling requirements. Effects of chilling storage organs on shoot emergence of widespread orchid species has not been examined, and ecotypic differentiation in the Orchidaceae has also received little attention. Keywords: The effects of chilling on corm dormancy in Calopogon tuberosus, a widespread orchid of eastern North Corm America, were studied. Seeds were collected from south Florida, north central Florida, South Carolina, and Dormancy Ecotype Michigan, and germinated in vitro to produce plants. After 20 weeks in vitro culture, corms were removed Orchid from seedlings and chilled for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Corms were subsequently planted in a soilless potting mix and placed under ex vitro conditions in an environmental growth chamber.
    [Show full text]