How I Met Your Mother“

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How I Met Your Mother“ DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Sitcoms im Internet. Zuseherreaktionen und Online-Diskurs in den sozialen Medien des Web 2.0 am Beispiel der twentysomething Sitcoms Friends und How I Met Your Mother“ Verfasserin Elsa Braunger, BA angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Wien, 2015 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 317 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.- Prof. Mag. Dr. habil. Ramón Reichert Danksagung Ich möchte diese Gelegenheit nutzen, um vor allem meiner Mutter, die mich während des Schreibens mit ihrer „positiven Energie“ unterstützt hat, aber auch meinem Stiefvater, meinen Geschwistern und dem Rest meiner Familie zu danken. Besonderer Dank gilt auch der Initiatorin der Gruppe „Anonyme Diplomanden“ und allen Mitgliedern des „Mädlsabend“ – ohne euch wäre meine Zeit als twentysomething äußerst langweilig gewesen. True story. Inhaltsverzeichnis I. Einleitung ....................................................................................................... 1 II. Die Sitcom ..................................................................................................... 3 II.1 Definitionen ................................................................................................................ 3 II.2 Entwicklungsgeschichte und Thematik ...................................................................... 5 II.3 Ausdruck gesellschaftlichen Wandels ........................................................................ 6 II.4 Suburban Sitcom ........................................................................................................ 8 II.5 Urbanisierung der Sitcom........................................................................................... 9 II.6 Relevanz ................................................................................................................... 11 II.7 Friends und How I Met Your Mother ....................................................................... 13 III. Die Sitcom und der Zuseher ....................................................................... 21 III.1 Parasoziale Interaktion und parasoziale Beziehungen ........................................... 21 III.1.2 Parasoziale Interaktion ..................................................................................... 22 III.1.3 Parasoziale Beziehungen .................................................................................. 24 III.1.4 Parasocial break-up .......................................................................................... 26 III.1.5 Bewältigungsstrategien .................................................................................... 28 III.2 Identifikation ........................................................................................................... 32 III.2.1 Identifikation mit Medienpersonen ................................................................. 33 III.2.2 Gefühle und Echtheit ........................................................................................ 36 III.2.3 Charaktere ........................................................................................................ 38 IV. Fandom – Produktivität – Aneignung ......................................................... 42 IV.1 Die Produktivität der Medienaneignung ................................................................ 42 IV.2 Der produktive Zuschauer....................................................................................... 42 IV.3 Kommunikationsmodell von Stuart Hall ................................................................. 43 IV.4 John Fiske ................................................................................................................ 46 IV.4.1 Vergnügen ........................................................................................................ 48 IV.4.2 Intertextualität ................................................................................................. 48 IV.5 Fandom ................................................................................................................... 50 IV.5.1 Fanforschung .................................................................................................... 51 IV.5.2 Fandom is everywhere ..................................................................................... 52 V. Sitcoms im Internet: Zuseherreaktionen und Online-Diskurs ...................... 57 V.1 Memes ..................................................................................................................... 57 V.1.2 Bildmakros ......................................................................................................... 60 V.2 Advice Animals ......................................................................................................... 62 V.2.1 Good Guy Greg/Barney und Scumbag Steve/Ted ............................................. 62 V.2.2 Rage Comics ...................................................................................................... 65 V.2.3 Analyse .............................................................................................................. 67 V.3 Memes als Fan-Art ................................................................................................... 69 V.3.1 Bildmakros basierend auf Sitcom-Charakteren ................................................ 70 V.3.2 Memes und Fandom ......................................................................................... 75 V.3.3 Analyse .............................................................................................................. 78 V.4 Das How I Met Your Mother Finale. ........................................................................ 82 V.4.1 Perezhilton.com ................................................................................................ 82 V.4.2 Social Round Up auf CBS.com ........................................................................... 84 V.4.3 Analyse und Vergleich ....................................................................................... 84 V.4.4 Angewandte Bewältigungsstrategien ............................................................... 86 V.4.4.1 Transformation ............................................................................................... 87 V.4.4.2 Transition ........................................................................................................ 88 V.4.4.2 Connection ..................................................................................................... 89 VI. Conclusio.................................................................................................... 90 Quellenverzeichnis ......................................................................................................... 91 Abbildungen ................................................................................................................... 97 Fernsehserien ................................................................................................................. 99 Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................ 100 Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 100 Lebenslauf .................................................................................................................... 101 Eidesstattliche Erklärung .............................................................................................. 102 I. Einleitung Dieser Arbeit liegt in erster Linie die Faszination zu Grunde, die von der Popkultur ausgeht. Popkulturelle Phänomene sind in unserem Alltag verankert und beeinflussen unsere Art zu denken, zu sprechen und die Weise, wie wir unsere Welt verstehen. Durch die Möglichkeiten, die uns durch das Internet eröffnet werden, können wir uns mit Medieninhalten auf eine neue, viel intensivere Weise auseinandersetzen. Medienkonsum und zwischenmenschliche Kommunikation verschmelzen. Dieser Gedanke war die Ausgangslage dieser Arbeit. Um sich damit auseinandersetzen zu können, wurde sich auf Sitcoms als Produkte der Popkultur beschränkt. In Kapitel II wird versucht, die Sitcom in Hinblick auf ihre gesellschaftliche Relevanz zu beschreiben. Um sich weiter einzugrenzen, wurden die beiden Sitcoms Friends und How I Met Your Mother als Beispiele des Genres gewählt. Es handelt sich dabei keinesfalls um eine vollständige Genreanalyse bzw. stehen auch die beiden ausgewählten Sitcoms nicht im Zentrum dieser Arbeit. Der Zweck dieses Kapitels ist es, am Beispiel von Sitcoms den Zusammenhang zwischen Produkten der Popkultur und der aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Situation zu beschreiben. Kapitel III konzentriert sich auf den Zuschauer. Folgende Fragen sollen beantwortet werden: Was geht in einem Serienzuschauer während der Rezeption vor? Was macht die Faszination und das Vergnügen dabei aus? Mit Hilfe der Konzepte der „parasozialen Interaktion“ und der „parasozialen Beziehungen“ können psychologische Aspekte des Fernsehkonsums beschrieben werden. Auch die Möglichkeit zur Identifikation spielt eine wichtige Rolle. Der Fokus liegt hier auf der emotionalen Ebene und der Authentizität, die die ausgewählten Serien-Beispiele besonders auszeichnet. Um den Online-Diskurs und diverse Fanpraktiken zu analysieren, ist es von Bedeutung zuerst zu verstehen, was Zuseher interessiert, fasziniert und überhaupt zur
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