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Midwestern Journal of Theology MIDWESTERN JOURNAL OF THEOLOGY Vol. 11 Fall 2012 No. 2 CONTENTS Editorial THEME: CONTEXTUALIZING GREAT COMMISION FUNDAMENTALS Lecture 1: Contextualizing the Glory of God: Glorifying God by Communicating the God of the Bible DAVID J. HESSELGRAVE 1-14 Lecture 2: Contextualizing the Power of the Gospel: Unleashing God's Power by Communicating the Biblical Gospel DAVID J. HESSELGRAVE 15-30 Lecture 3: Contextualizing the Gravity ofLostness: Preaching &Teaching the Wrath of God and the Judgrnent of Man DAVID J. HESSELGRAVE 31-45 THEME CLASSIC: Jonathan Edwards, "What it is to Corne to Christ" (Matt 11 :28) (A Previously Unpublished Sermon) MICHAEL D. MCMULLEN (editor) 46-53 Anabaptisrn and James Arminius: A Study in Soteriological Kinship & Its Implications JERRY SUTTON 54-86 A Medieval Gospel Presentation or a Manual of Church Order? THOMAS P. JOHNSTON 87-94 11 Sorting out the Jameses: Getting Clear on James the Son of Zebedee and James the Brother of Jesus and their Respective Iconographies. RONALD V. HUGGINS 95-112 BOOK REVIEWS 113-25 Richard S. Briggs and Joel N. Lohr, eds., A Theological Introduction to the Pentateuch: Interpreting the Torah as Christian Scripture. (Reviewed by William K Bechtold III) 113-15 Peter A. Morton, A Historical Introduction to the Philosophy ofMind, Readings with Commentary . (Reviewed by Christopher J. Black) 115-18 Gert J. Steyn, A Quest for the Assumed LXX Vorlage ofthe Explicit Quotations in Hebrews. (Reviewed by Tom Galey) 118-20 James Riley Strange, The Moral world of James: Setting the Epistle in its Greco-Roman and Judaic Environments. (Reviewed by Joe Nichols) 120-23 Jerome T. Walsh, Old Testament Narrative: A Guide to Interpretation. (Reviewed by William K. Bechtold III) 123-25 111 DOCTOR OF' PHo..osoPHY IN BIBUCAL S'nJDIES NEWTEsTAt,ENT Nm OLD TEsTAMDtr WORD DEDICATED, FAWUV GUIDED. Cosr EFF£cmt£ 5TIJDllNT HJCU~D, ,I Pursue,biblical exce11ence rn New TestamEnt or Old testament studies with the M BT.S faculty. Semi-fl6fdentfal. SBC tuition rares. Open the professional door to the world of aca.demla, thoologltal researc.h,.writing and teaching w~ a P'hO from Midwestern Seminary. Application dea:dHne is F~bruary 1, 2013, Accredited by the Association of Theologicait Schools and the Higher Leamfng Commission. Questions~ [email protected] IV EDITORIAL Welcome to the Fall 2012 issue of the MidwesternJournal of Theol­ ogy. This issue's core theme is cross-cultural contextualization of the Great Commission, and features three lectures given at this year's Mid­ western Mission Lecture Series (23-25 October 2012) by Dr. David J. Hesselgrave, Emeritus Professor of Missions & Director of the School of World Mission Trinity Evangelical Divinity School (Deerfield, Illinois) and author of numerous books including Communicating Christ Cross­ Culturally (2nd ed. 1991), Planting Churches Cross-Culturally (2000), and Paradigms in Conflict: 10 Key Questions in Christian Missions To­ day (2005). Dr. Hesselgrave's lectures focus on contextualization of three different Great Commission Fundamentals: (1) the God of the Bi­ ble, (2) the Biblical Gospel, and (3) the biblical doctrine of God's judg­ ment of humanity. We then round out our theme core with a never-before-published sermon on the Gospel (Matt11 :28) by First-Great-Awakening evangelist Jonathan Edwards newly edited by Dr. Michael D. McMullen, Professor of History at Midwestern. Next on the agenda is an extensive study by historian and Midwest­ ern Seminary's Academic Dean, Dr. Jerry Sutton, comparing the Soteri­ ology of Arrninius and the Early Anabaptists. This article is based on research conducted by Dr. Sutton while studying with William R. Estep, noted Baptist historian of the Reformation and Anabaptist movements. Following this, Midwestern's Professor of Evangelism Thomas P. Johnston translates and discusses a presentation of the Gospel he discov­ ered in a 13th/14th century underground Waldensian-Albigensian manu­ script. Finally, the editor presents a discussion on distinguishing between James Zebedee and James the Brother of Jesus both in the Bible and in their respective iconographies. As usual we conclude this issue with several interesting and rele­ vant book reviews which we hope you will enjoy. Special thanks go to Dawn Clark forher carefulproofreading and editing help. Midwestern Journal of Theology 12.2 (2012):1-14 Contextualizing Great Commission Fundamentals, Lecture 1: Contextualizing the Glory of God: Glorifying God by Communicating the God of the Bible DAVID J. HESSELGRAVE Emeritus Professor ofMissions & Director of the School of World Mission Trinity Evangelical Divinity School Deerfield, IL 60015 djhesselgrave@juno. corn "For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glo­ ry forever. Amen" (Rom. 11 :36 ESV). In these three lectures on the contextualization of the Great Commis­ sion I am intentionally being both rudimentary and autobiographical. My reasoning is that (1) others will be better positioned to inform as to the latest theoretical thinking on contextualization whereas, nearing 90 years of age I may be better positioned to share some earlier history; and, (2) as any discipline develops periodically it is well to go back and re­ hearse its first principles, particularly when it has theological roots as contextualization certainly does. As for the Great Commission, I feel quite comfortable with some re­ cent writings of some Trinity colleagues as put forward in a Festschrift for John Woodbridge. In this brieflecture series I am particularly indebt­ ed to Trinity colleagues Douglas Sweeney and D. A. Carson. If defined at all, the word "evangelical" has been assigned various meanings. Sweeney notes the definitions of two fine evangelical schol­ ars. Both definitions make mention of evangelical beliefs but one defines "evangelical" basically in terms of the kind of people involved in the movement; the other in terms of the kind of activities in which evangeli- 2 Midwestern Journal of Theology cals are engaged. 1 Sweeney himself takes an approach that is more in line with our present considerations. He defines "evangelical" mainly in terms of its beliefsystem: I prefer to describe evangelicalism with more specificity as a movement that is based on classical Christian orthodoxy, shaped by a Reformational understanding of the gospel, and distin­ guished from other such movements in the history of the church by a set of beliefs and behaviors forged in the fires of the eight­ eenth-century revivals-the so-called 'Great Awakening' .. - beliefs and behaviors that had mainly to do with the spread of the gospel abroad. 2 In a chapter which concludes the Festschrift, "Conclusion: Ongoing Imperative for World Mission,"3 D.A. Carson first notes various ways in which he might have chosen to treat the Great Commission, but did not. Then he proceeds to highlight "three fundamental biblical truths as they relate to the ongoing mandate for Christian missions"-"the sheer des­ perate lostness of human beings"; "the sheer power of the gospel of Christ crucified" (both of which I will deal with subsequently); and, the subject of this present paper, "the sheer glory of God." Concerning the latter he writes, . the sheer glory of God is tightly bound not only to God as Creator, but even more spectacularly to God's redemptive pur­ poses His missiological purposes, effected by His Son, the vi­ sion's Lion-Lamb [Rev. 5:5-13, ed.] The same tie between the gospel and the glory of God is often portrayed in the New Tes­ tament, usually in less apocalyptic terminology. For instance, when Paul depicts his ministry and the proclamation of the death and resurrection of Jesus, he tells the Corinthians 'All this is for your benefit, so that the grace that is reaching more and more people may cause thanksgiving to overflowto the glory of God' (2 Cor 4:15). 4 Few evangelicals would take issue when Carson goes back to the apostles and selects his "Great Commission fundamentals" from Scrip- 1 Douglas A. Sweeney, "Introduction," in The Great Commission: Evangel­ icals and the History of World Missions (eds. Martin I. Klauber & Scott M. Manetsch; Nashville, TN: B&H Academic, 2008), 2. 2lbid. 3 D. A. Carson, "Conclusion: Ongoing Imperative for World Mission" in Great Commission, 176-95. 4 Ibid., 192. HESSELGRAVE: Glory of God 3 ture. On the other hand, when considering the Great Commission, rela­ tively few evangelical missiologists give first consideration to the fun­ damental beliefs involved. In fact, though evangelical contextualizers may well give first consideration to the contextualization of the gospel, I dare say that relatively few would think in terms of Carson's three "fun­ damentals" as we will do here. One more thing. very, very few contextualizers would ever consider those classical rhetoricians of Greece and Rome as contributors to con­ textualization theory. After all, Plato, Aristotle, Quintilian and Cicero lived over two millennia before the neologism "contextualization" was even coined. Nevertheless they theorized and practiced rhetoric in terms of speaker (source), speech (message) and audience (respondents); and in terms of speaker intention, logical presentation and audience adaptation. So did the Church Fathers, many of whom were masters of rhetorical theory. Since we are thinking in terms of fundamentals, in these lectures I define contextualization in terms of anything that source contributes to communication effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) by virtue of self identi­ fication and acceptance, message determination and delivery, and audi­ ence recognition and accommodation. The prominence--even predomi­ nance-accorded culture in contextualization theory is a very recent de­ velopment that cannot be completely overlooked, as we shall see. In this first lecture, then, our emphasis will be on contextualizing the glory of God. Subsequently we will deal with the other "Great Commis­ sion fundamentals." THE GLORY OF GOD MESSAGE The greatest and grandest theme of the Bible is the glory of God.
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