From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Regional Analysis Document

With the support of In the framework of UNDP and UN Women, UN House, City of Knowledge, Building 128, P.O. Box 0816-1914 Panama. From Commitment to Action: http://www.latinamerica.undp.org http://lac.unwomen.org/es Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and © 2017 UNDP, UN WOMEN ALL RIGHTS RESERVED the Caribbean. ISBN 978-9962-688-38-9

United Nations Development Programme, UNDP Regional Analysis Document Regional Center for Latin America and the Caribbean

United Nations Entity for Gender equality and Women Empowerment, UN Women Author: Sebastián Essayag Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean Edition and publication: Nuria López Design: Maisa Ferro Edition and publication: Panama, 2017 Technical coordination: Eugenia Piza-López, The analysis and recommendations in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Adriana Quiñones y Esperanza Franco Rodríguez United Nations Development Programme, UN Women, the United Nations, its Member States or Coordination: Esperanza Franco Rodríguez affiliated organizations. This document was produced by the regional directorates for UNDP and ISBN 978-9962-688-38-9 UN Women Latin America and the Caribbean.

The authors of this report would like to warmly acknowledge the photographical contributions made by those listed below.

Cover page: © UNDP Costa Rica © UNDP Peru Page 10: © UNDP Costa Rica Page 14: © UNDP Brasil Page 30: © UNDP Haiti Page 42: © UNDP Honduras Page 46: © UNDP Peru Page 56: © UNDP Guatemala Page 72: © UNDP Peru Page 80: © UNDP Paraguay Inside back cover: © UNDP Haiti

2 3 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 5 - - necks persisting in responses to violence against women in the region. violence against women to responses necks persisting in the national oriented toward 33 countries a questionnaire to report from The is based on responses interviews and bilateral advancement with some of their representatives, women’s mechanisms for The carried of secondary out during revision to 2014 and 2015, in addition of information. sources Bahamas; Barbados; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; are: countries the research that contributed to Rica; Dominica; Costa Ecuador; Cuba; of Bolivia; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; state Plurinational ElBelize; - Para Mexico;Jamaica; Honduras; Haiti; Guyana; Salvador; Nicaragua; Guatemala; Grenada; Panama; Saint Lucia; and the Grenadines; Vincent guay; Dominican Republic; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Peru; Saint Uruguay;Venezuela. and the Bolivarian Republic of Tobago; and Trinidad Suriname; importantthe for aca- and support organizations social grateful institutions, public are from We report. of this for the production we valuable information particular, In that offered demic centres like the advancement of acknowledgewould to the mechanisms for the support from and interest without subject in the 33 Latin American the research, Caribbeanwomen and countries to that were taken place. not have which the study would was com- team coordination technical The this study was Sebastian Essayag. for lead researcher The Qui- Adriana LAC; Centre of UNDP Regional Head of the Gender Area prised Piza-López, of Eugenia Regional Women the UN in Women Against Violence on Ending Gender Advisor Regional ñones, Franco Rodriguez, Security UNDP Citizen Office for Latin America Caribbean; and the and Esperanza with support this process Lo Rodriguez from coordinated and Gender Specialist. Esperanza Franco Analyst. Security UNDP Citizen Mellado, Programme rena Coordinator Valdés, the externalSpecial thanks to experts Alejandra this document, reviewed who the Gender Equality Observatoryfor Latin America Gender- Af and the Caribbean in the ECLAC for Information and Action CEFEMINA. for Centre Feminist President, fairs Division and Ana Carcedo, especial- colleagues, Women of UNDP and UN the collaboration for additionally appreciative are We and Chris in Guatemala - Resident Representative ly Rebeca UN Resident Arias, Coordinator/UNDP Centre the UNDP Regional the Caribbean. Multi-Country At for Women representative UN tine Arab, Security Citizen Regional Advisor; Daniel Luz, to grateful Latin America are and the Caribbean, we for Gen- for Associate SecurityJuliet Solomon, Citizen the Caribbean; and Malena Botello, Specialist for Youth Gender the collaboration of Neus Bernabeu, and for also appreciative are We der Programmes. y Nuria Lopez. (UNFPA) Fund Nations Population at the United Advisor Regional security points in UNDP Country the gender and citizen to focal Offices grateful are we and Finally, the who reviewed in the region, points on ending violence against women focal Women the UN national reports of this report. prior the preparation to This publication was produced by the United Nations Development Development Nations the United by produced was publication This Gender for Entity Nations United and the (UNDP) Programme, Women). (UN Women, of Equality Empowerment and tacklingto approaches institutional in made againstviolence report The progress the identifies the knowledge and will contribute to of national base on implementation in the region women - of formu countries in the process many and will be an importantpolicies and plans for resource It public policies and plans. and evaluating implementing their own additionally presents lating, punishment; and care; of prevention; in the areas some states experiences by developed promising the critical bottle address to recommendations and provides women of violence against reparation - In memory la Cruz de of Carmen this by use the space provided want to we Women, and UN On behalf of UNDP the memory honor joint publication to Carmen of who left de la Cruz, immense an legacy during work her mark in both agencies and an indelible the people who on worked her. with - gen rights, women’s for advocate a strong been Carmen have her life, Throughout working of than 20 years der equality She had more and human development. experience cooperation and humanitarian in development action in conflict and post-conflict contextsAfrica, in the Middle East and Latin America. Between 2003 and 2006, she served Peace the UNIFEM to as Latin American Adviser and during that period part she was and Security team of the technical Programme and Nations Agencies in the United the human rightsthat implemented approach important The allowed of Carmen task counterpartstheir in Colombia Colombia. in in Women, of UNIFEM work, the foundations the entity UN lay to that preceded peace and security In themes with a gender perspective. this position, she helped impact of the conflict women and their make roleto on visible the differential key in the construction of peace. she also contrib rights, Demonstrating her enormous women’s commitment to RBLAC such as the in UN agencies, the inclusion of the gender approach to uted 2009 to From the Gender Cluster. for Leader Team as in Panama, Center Regional an immense legacy leaving on gender issues, 2013, she worked in- of intensively she During work her with UNDP, region. the entire policies to and relevant novative the production of knowledge of keyalso contributed to the development through Rights and Human Development”. “Gender, works such as Carmen de la Cruz as an extraordinary will remember whose work has woman We rights in Latin America and the of women’s the advancement been essential for Caribbean and in the world. 4 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 7 - - Jessica Faieta Administrator Secretary-General and Assistant UN Assistant UNDP and the Caribbean, America for Latin Regional Director work of the Secretary General’s Campaign “Unite to End Violence Against Women”. Against Violence End to “Unite Campaign workof the Secretary General’s learned the lessons Inplans national policies and of implementation in the presenting addition to the report experiences aimed at ending violence against women, of States highlights 29 promising punishment and reparation. care, of prevention, in the areas end vio to Action: Policies to Commitment “From analysis regional hope that this comparative We the variousto useful information offers in Latin America and the Caribbean”, lence against women interventions; and successful of new effective and ultimately countries; the exchange facilitates for a by countries the fulfilment of the international commitments signed/adopted contributes to women. of violence for free life The weakness of the coordination mechanisms, technical capacities and information systems; the systems; and information capacities technical weaknessThe mechanisms, of the coordination between- the insufficient allocation of finan legal instruments and policies; and lack of coherence in results some of the critical of better achievement bottlenecks that hinder the are cial resources insti- holistic a more take to states requires problem magnitude of the public actions. The resources. and with more comprehensive more tutional approach; Office Regional the with America for Latin Caribbean, Regional the and in coordination Of- UNDP’s for for the AmericasEqualityCaribbean Nations EntityGender and the of the United and the fice within the frame this research promote to decided have Women, UN Women, of Empowerment Luiza Carvalho Luiza Regional Office Women UN Director and the Caribbean for the Americas - - lence, 15 of which are specific to violence against women. 27% of the countries have enacted “sec- enacted of the countrieswomen. 27% have to violence against specific 15 of which are lence, - (physi which widen the scope of violence manifestations laws, or comprehensive ond generation” in the private media, etc.) symbolic, obstetric, economic or patrimonial, sexual, psychological, cal, sexual and ethnic diversity considering of women, to age, Some of these relate and public spheres. and action protection in cases of for measures and establish more care comprehensive emphasize a clear non-compliance. Another important is that they recognize laws aspect of the comprehensive actors and law of different action the competencies by and assign or omission, responsibility, State is that 16 countries in the breakthrough great precision. Another officials with higher enforcement femicide/feminicide. criminalized have region in as reflected leap, important a qualitative are achievements These is still need for but there civil so and women’s feminist institutions, Public to Action. Commitment the title of this report, From legislation cietyundertake to effective the challenges organisations effortsovercome to strenuous punishing and ending violence against women. and policy implementation aimed at preventing, Foreword in Latin American and girls and violence against women to response the bold advances in Despite public health, human rights, to pose a seriousto continues threat this scourge CaribbeanStates, levels The in the region. of women economic autonomy political and securitycitizen and physical, region The unacceptable. faced in Latin America and the Caribbean women of violence against are of non-couplesviolence in the world sexual rate and the second highest has the highest rate related partnersof violence by or ex-partners (WHO, 10 countries 2013); 3 of the of with the highest rates the most 2012); and in the Caribbean HDR, UNDP, (Caribbean are and girls violence against women is taking and on a devastating magnitude femicide/feminicide, of this violence, radical expression killedare because of their gender 2 in every America, in Central where murdered, trend 3 women 2009). America HDR, UNDP, (Central agenda, the new the 2030 development (SDGs) and Sustainable Development GoalsWith Agenda Reduction and girls as a priority. of ending violence against women to committed countries have achieving achieving fundamental for the SDGs and is factor is a catalytic for violence against women justice and social cohesion (goals 5 and 16). rights, economic productivity, peace, Latin do Pará, of Belém the Inter signed American after the states Convention years Twenty-two for and policies terms in of legislation AmericaCaribbean and the region advanced an become has vio gender end to plans national countriesall Almost have women. against violence addressing 6 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 9 18 27 29 31 34 37 38 39 41 44 52 16 20 Belém do Pará’ (1994) Belém do Pará’ Domestic and intrafamily violence laws (first generation laws) and other violence and other violence (first generation laws) Domestic violence laws and intrafamily per countrynorms, 2013-2016 (Caribbean). (second generation laws) against women on violence laws Comprehensive 2013-2016 country. by and other violence norms, country subregion, of enactment by and year laws, or feminicide Femicide type by of policy number of countries in the region, percentage and/or Total gender 2013-2016 and/or national action women end violence against plan to women, and/or Specific national action against to end violence plans Policies and country subregion by 2013-2016 and/or national action plans on domestic and/or intrafamily violence, Policies and country subregion by 2013-2016 and/or national action plans on gender based violence, Policies and country subregion by 2013-2016 in a national and/or gender integrated violence against women Addressing policyreception and/or plan 2013-2016 national action plan on violence Countries without an officially approved and/or gender against women consistency intrafamily violence and between domestic violence, Legislative existing in 2016 and policies and/or national plans on violence against women against gender violence and violence violence, intrafamily domestic violence, country existing in 2016, by women (MAW): dependency, Women of Institutional the Advancement Mechanisms for (ECLAC) of interagency and the existence of hierarchy level hierarchy, country by mechanisms, coordination 2016 Signatory countries to the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Signatory Prevention, on the countries the Inter-American to Convention ‘Convention - Women against Violence of and Eradication Punishment and other (first generation laws) Domestic violence laws and intrafamily country by violence norms, (Latin America). 2013-2016 Tabla 3. Tabla 4. Tabla 5. Tabla 6. Tabla 7. Tabla 8. Tabla 9. Tabla 10. Tabla 11. Tabla 12. Tabla 13. Tabla Tabla 1. Tabla of 2. Tabla 17 25 26 32 36 37 38 40 42 47 50 72 enactmentThe American in the Latin generation laws of the second region in Latin America laws enactmentThe of femicide/feminicide national action without an officially approved Countries in the region and implementation of national policies and/or plans Formulation Monitoring and evaluation of national policies and/or plans The enactment of first generation laws in the regional context regional enactmentThe in the laws of first generation 2.2 2.3 30 against women end violence and/or plans to Policies women to end violence against Specific national plans National action plans on domestic and/or intrafamily violence National action plans on gender violence and/or national action plans including a specific component Policies and/or gender on violence against women 3.5 and/or gender plan on violence against women policies and actionConsistency between women against plans on violence 46 against women violence challenges of addressiong Regional 5.1 5.2 care, the prevention, for institutional experiences Innovative 56 against women of violence and redress punishment Challenges and opportunities policies to implement to against women end violence 14 region and/or gender in the women against on violence Laws 2.1 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4. 5. 6. 7. 80 8. Bibliography

Index and table of contents 1 Introduction10 2. 8 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 11 - - - - accord and, 1 . Likewise, 2 out Likewise,. 2 out 2 . . It is true that the vast majority of countries in the 3 5 (Brazil, Chile, Plurinational State of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Ecuador, of Bolivia, Colombia, State Plurinational Chile, (Brazil, 4 lence at a certain point in their life, in ways that range from rape and domestic violence to to violence and domestic rape from that range at a certain in ways lence point in their life, than 200 alone (2015), more year and on the internet. This at work bullying and harassment and sexual slavery of Iraqi of rape proof seen graphic have abducted in Nigeria; we girls were and a tree; killed and hanged from raped, were Indian girls during the conflict; two women in sportscases of sexual violence teams and been high profile have in the United States there and neighbour victims of violent acts in all countries and girls are Women university campuses. often hidden and not reported” but these crimes are hoods, (Message Nations of the United on 25th Women Against Violence Secretary General Ending on the International for Day 2015). November, “(…) knows no cultural, geographical or social social or geographical Itknows“(…) cultural, no against women that violence is obvious sexual vio or is subjected to physical women one in three Worldwide, boundaries. economic Peru, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama and Dominican and Dominican Nicaragua, Mexico, Panama Honduras, Guatemala, Rica, Costa El Salvador, Peru, legally classified aggravated have Venezuela) Of Rep. and the Bol. Republic) and 2 (Argentina 2016) (ECLAC, gender reasons homicide for region have developed policies and/or national plans to regulate laws and implement them, but but and implement them, laws regulate policies and/or national plans to developed have region ing to data from 2013, 38% of the cases are a result of domestic violence (WHO)domestic violence of result a are cases of the 2013, 38% from data to ing ally, 35% of women have been victims of physical and/or sexual violence by their partners their been victims and/or sexual violence by of physical have women 35% of or ally, people other than their partners other from of sexual violence (30%) of all and almost a third been victims violence and/or sexual of physical have been in a relationship who have women number of female in December 2014, the total the data updated to of their partners. According has risen 1906 cases (ECLAC) to in the region or feminicides) homicides (femicides ...... homicides passion related with only and include Colombia of the region, in the 17 countries information the available to December 2014 according to is updated data The 1. 2016). March Observatory Equality the Caribbean, and America (Gender for Latin WHO 2013. against women, of violence estimates World 2. 2014). (PAHO, of 12 countries analysis A comparative America: in Latin against women 3.Violence of approval. country and year sub region, by or feminicide laws, 5. Femicide Table 4. See 2016. March Observatory5. Gender Equality and the Caribbean, America for Latin Violence against women is a serious social problem of great concern in the world and a flagrant concern in the world flagrant and a of great is a serious problem against women social Violence glob Organization, Health World the a 2013 study by to According rights. violation of human These alarming figures show that violence against women is a global pandemic, which should which should pandemic, women is a global that violence against show alarmingThese figures in particular, and, Countries globally in general, States. especially to all of us, be a concern for violence trajectoriesto address takenthose in Latin America and the Caribbean, different have of rights in the realm women’s protect to enacted laws have States Whereas women. against of violence on the multiple manifestations legislated very have date domestic violence, to few the countries than half of perpetrated More in the public domain. in the region against women passed laws have as a crime: 14 countries in the region or feminicide femicide categorized have the penal code or amendments to of 3 women are killed and in 1 of everybeing women are America of 3 women in Central for 2 cases; the assassin 2012) is the partner partner or former (PAHO 1. Introduction 10 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 13 - ...... the sample consisted The of Cuba. the exception with region, and Caribbean American in the Latin states of 32 of the 33 independent initial sample comprised The 6. Rica; Dominica; Ecuador; Costa of Bolivia; Colombia; Chile; Brazil; State Plurinational The Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; and Barbuda; Argentina; Antigua countries: following Vincent Dominican Kitts and Nevis; St Republic; Saint Peru; Paraguay; Panama; Nicaragua; Mexico; Jamaica; Honduras; Haiti; Guyana; Guatemala; Granada; Salvador; El Venezuela. and the Bolivarian Republic of Uruguay Tobago; and Trinidad Suriname; Lucia; St. and the Grenadines; national and enforce 1. Adopt the following: are Women Against Violence End Join to the Secretary Campaign, Generals Impunity’of ‘Stop objectives 1 and 2 of Pillar The 7. action national plans of multiple sectors. and implement and girls and 2. Adopt against women of violence and punish all forms address to laws 2014 and Januarycarried out between march was first phase of the survey 2012 and carried out between phase was September October 2013, and the second The 8. Women). 2016 (UNDP UN mulation, implementation and monitoring and implementation of policies and/or national ac- national and/or policies of monitoringimplementation and and implementation mulation, intervene to experiences response in of institutional promising states; by tion plans adopted and of violence against women, punishment and redress care, of prevention, the components challenges or critical the hinder the policy huddles which and process implementation finally, them. overcome the clues to actment of legislation addressing violence against women and/or gender; women violence against actment the development addressing of legislation policy the existing operationalize national plans to of policies and/or frameworks area; in this the for consistency for between frameworks the national legal strategies and public policies; ------in regard to the en- to in regard 8 Area of the UNDP Regional Centre for Latin Latin for Centre of the UNDP Regional Area America and the Caribbean startedthe pro regional aforementioned cess of updating the in 33 countries (now of the region, mapping, the 32 countries joins that formed since Cuba the initial sample). made by In identifying the progress addition to research, the previous countries from different analysis document has this new comparative in objective of identifying progress the overall tackling to institutional approaches violence the to Similar gender. and/or women against takesstudy 2015 the research, regional 2013 conduct In to approach. order qualitative a re two qualitative mapping, the new regional an impor employed, were techniques search analysis document. the current tant input for by the analysis of was guided first phase The secondary mainly policies and/or data sources, violence against address national plans which countriesthe of instruments legal in- women; the Institutional sent by the responses volved; Women of the Advancement Mechanisms for distributed questionnaires national the from the up UNDP between 2014 and 2015 for by and other studies dating of the information In the sec- among other sources. and research, in-depthond phase, interviews conduct were the Institutionaled with key from informants the advancement of women Mechanisms for analysis of The countriesthe 33 15 of in (45%). primary and secondary the forms data sources of the coun- the preparation basic inputs for try reports, comprisewhich newthe regional mapping of policies and/or national plans to violence against women. address analysis document is fo regional current The countries made by in cused on the progress between 2013 and 2016 (the two the region survey)phases of regional , - - - - 6 . Against this back . Against 7 there are still important, are there daunting challenges comprehensive, a achieve to region the in approach and sustainable state coordinated January 1st - 2016, poli From this problem. to tackle to plans national and/or cies violence should take account against women into Developmentthe Sustainable Goals (SDGs gender mainstream out to 2016), which set One global development. in the agenda for of the main objectives of this global agenda gender equality and empower “achieving is the elimi- and and girls” ment of all women nation of discrimination against and violence including the participationwomen, of men in national action eradicate plans and policies to the scourge. In this context, between 2013, the 2012 and for Centre of the Regional UNDP Gender Area Latin America and the Caribbean, in collabo Office Women UN ration with the Regional and the Millennium DevelopmentGoals Fund, poli- mapping of carriedregional out the first cies and/or national action combat plans to 32 countries in the violence against women of the Latin American and Caribbean Region lication titled “TheStates: Na- of Commitment Against to End Violence and Policies tional Plans and the Caribbean” America in Latin Women publication is The WOMEN, 2013). UN (UNDP, to tool and political a highly valued technical meet the goal of eradicating to enable states and a valued con- violence against women of Objectives tribution the achievement to the - of Impunity” “Stop 2 - 1 and 2 of Pillar AmericanLatin the of Caribbeanand chapter Secretary End to Unite General´s Campaign: Violence Women Against the resulting analysis culminated in the pub the in culminated analysis resulting the ground and with with the aim of identifying, and with with the aim of identifying, ground in 2014 the monitoring and sharing advances, and the Governance and Peace Gender Area 12 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 15 - . These laws establish protection measures measures protection establish laws These . 9 for women with regard to violence suffered in the private sphere (family, intrafamily, domestic intrafamily, (family, the private in sphere suffered violence to with regard women for and Eradication of Punishment on the Prevention, Inter-American The Convention and intimate). an important in 1994 represents adopted of Belém do Pará) (Convention Women Against Violence in Latin America Women violence against address to responsibility of State in the area milestone by 32 and ratified has been adopted Belém do Pará of and the Caribbean. By the Convention 2016, (Table 1). of Cuba) of the 33 Latin American (with the exception and Caribbean States Parties, “States states, of Belém do Pará, in the Convention ‘Duties of States’ Article III 7º of Chapter with- and all means appropriate to adopt, by and agree against women all forms of violence condemn c) to carry and out the following: punish and end the mentioned violence policies to prevent, out delay, nature, other as of well as codes, administrative and civil penal, legislations, domestic their in include - admin adopt appropriate and against women necessary punish and end violence which are to prevent, of Belém do Pará, of the Convention In the provisions line with may be”. as the case measures istrative laws the enactmentin comprehensive of the progress made have countriessome region in the unlike the first laws, These laws. generation” “second known also on violence against women, as generation, typify - which vary of violence against women the various forms country by - which example, for of Belém do Pará, at the time of the adoption of the Convention highlighted not were and is in the region problem a widespread which represents economic or patrimonial violence, forms These women. of of the family and the economic empowerment quality the affecting of life in the public do but also not only perpetrated in the private sphere are of violence against women transportation in the street, against women systems, example the violence orchestrated main, for in the framework of armed education facilities, conflict,result of migratory spaces, as a recreational such as drug trafficking, criminal or juvenile criminal contexts” “new phenomena, among other of new expressions of attack” “targets the that are territories” “new in turn, which, demarcate gangs, emotional and economic their psychophysical, assumes and affects that violence against women capacities and their participationintegrity and growth development and thus limit their personal 2013). Women, UN nations (UNDP, in developing Some second-generation that take account the diversity of the adopt approaches into even laws women in the same since they all consider that violence does not affect of women, social group specific condi- to positions due vulnerable more in are women of knowgroups some that We way. political ideology, socioeconomic status, tions that exacerbate violence against them: ethnicity, and adults adolescents, (girls, age group orientation,sexual marital origin, social or national status, ...... the impor- should not ignore This dichotomy purposes. and strategic for analytical purely is adopted generation division between the first and second dichotomous The 9. state influenced and movements, feminist organisations mainly the actors, in which framework between each generation, for years transpired that processes political tant with violence, of sexual lost the battle in which feminists often the first legal framework, of the approval from which range major breakthroughs achieve institutions to that processes political shaped intergenerational struggle 20-year The laws. or domestic violence intrafamily of feminicide and femicide to the laws the policies containing were former the laws is that between the first and second-generation the big difference On the other hand, and discourse. culture in major changes in political resulted within families relations of unequal power ignoring the existence violence, domestic and/or intrafamily address to formulated neutral, almost in their totality generically had convention though the even Pará, of Belém do Convention of the with the provisions was not in harmony of laws first generation This and between men and women. this neutrality and its approval overcome to sought have on the other hand, laws, generation Second in the region. number of countries a large by been adopted already among them. although with some differences of the region, within the countries against women violence impacted addressing has positively Since the early 90s, countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have passed laws to protect and protect to countriesSince the early passed laws in Latin America 90s, Caribbean and the have were that laws first The although with important rights, them. nuances among women’s promote “first generation” known are as enactedregion the in 2. region region Laws on Laws women and/ women or gender in the or gender in violence against violence against 14 2.1 The enactment of first Domestic violence, intrafamily violence, gender based Table 1. Signatory Countries to the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punish- generation laws in the regional violence and violence against women ment and Eradication of Violence Against Women – ‘Convention of Belém do Pará’ (1994). context What are we talking about? Country Signature Ratication Regional research indicates that 24 of the 33 While academic literature, legal instruments, public policies (protocols, national Antigua and Barbuda - 08/12/98 countries in the Latin American and Caribbean plans, etc) and even through the media and the press, frequently use the terms Argentina 06/10/94 4/09/96 “violence against women”, “gender based violence”, “domestic violence” and region (73%) exclusively rely on ‘first generation’ Bahamas 05/16/95 05/03/95 “intrafamily violence”interchangebly, i.e. as if they are synonyms or equivalent laws which only protect the rights of victims/ Barbados 05/16/95 02/08/95 concepts, they certainly do not mean the same thing. Violence in a broad sense Belize 11/15/96 11/25/96 survivors of domestic or intrafamily violence refers to any act (or threat) that causes harm or suffering, whether physical, Plurinational State of Bolivia 09/14/94 10/26/94 (Antigua and Barbuda; Bahamas; Barbados; Be- emotional, psychological, financial or economic etc. Brazil 06/09/94 11/16/95 lize; Brazil; Costa Rica; Chile; Cuba; Dominica; Chile 10/17/94 10/24/96 Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Grenada; Guy- “Domestic violence” is violence perpetrated by a man or woman solely in pri- Colombia - 10/03/96 ana; Haiti; Honduras; Jamaica; Paraguay; Peru; vate, usually in the home where the victim/survivor lives or resides. The special Costa Rica 06/09/94 07/05/95 Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; SaintVincent feature of this category is the private confines in which this violence is inflicted, Dominica - 06/30/95 and Grenadines; Suriname; Trinidad and Toba- in all its manifestations, and regardless of whether it is inflicted among families, Dominican Republic 06/09/94 01/10/96 go and Uruguay), i.e., in almost three quarters relatives or politicians, or among people who without being family, live in the Ecuador 01/10/95 06/30/95 of the countries in the region. Tables 2 and 3 same home (same household). El Salvador 08/14/95 11/13/95 on pages 9 to 14 detail this regional landscape, Grenada - 11/29/00 identifying whether these laws were enacted “Intrafamily violence” refers to any expression of violence among people Guatemala 06/24/94 01/04/95 within a family, thus having blood or legally established kinship, regardless of in Latin America or the Caribbean, and if they Guyana 01/10/95 01/08/96 whether the violence is inflicted in the private or public domain. “Domestic were approved before October 2013 or after, up Haiti - 04/07/97 violence”and “intrafamily violence” can be equivalent if the violence is inflicted to January 2016, according to the two regional Honduras 06/10/94 07/04/95 amongst members of the same family who also live under the same household. Jamaica 12/14/05 11/11/05 survey phases on policies and/or national plans The aggressor and/or the victim/survivor can also be from any of the genders. Mexico 06/04/95 06/19/98 to address violence against women and/or Nicaragua 06/09/94 10/06/95 gender. The tables also present other judicial “Gender based violence” is defined as any form of violence inflicted against Panama 10/05/94 04/26/95 instruments, which categorize specific offenses a person based on their gender identity or condition, whether male or female, Paraguay 10/17/95 09/29/95 related to violence against women, such as sex- both in the private and public domains. Women are often the main victims of Peru 07/12/95 04/02/96 ual offenses, human trafficking, harassment or this violence, due to the situations of inequality and discrimination in which Saint Kitts and Nevis 06/09/94 03/17/95 sexual harassment in the workplace, abuse of they live. (Source: Interagency Group on Gemder, s.f.) St. Lucia 11/11/94 03/08/95 adults/elderly, child pornography etc. St. Vincent and the Grenadines 03/05/96 05/23/96 However, despite only having first generation According to the Convention of Belém do Pará “violence against women” Suriname - 02/19/02 laws, restricted to the domestic or household refers to “any act or conduct based on gender, which causes death, harm or psy- chological suffering to women, both in the private and public domain” (Chapter I, Trinidad y Tobago 11/03/95 01/04/96 level, the above mentioned countries have Article 1). Violence against women includes a multiplicity of violence manifes- Uruguay 06/30/94 01/04/96 made some progress – and some of them very Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 06/09/94 01/16/95 tations, perpatrators and environments in which violence can be inflicted, ei- important – in legislation to address violence ther in the family, couple, community and in the public domain, including that Source: Organization of American States, Department of international law. against women. by action, omission and inaction of the State. (Chapter 1, Article 2). “Violence against women”is only inflicted on women, because of their sex or gender, and • The Brazilian State passed Act Nº 13.104 in most cases it is perpetrated by males under a multiplicity of causes in a his- (2015) (Feminicide Law), which modifies article torically anchored“male dominated system”. old adults), level of education, place of residence (women living in urban or rural areas), being de- 121º of the Penal Code (Decree-Law Nº 2848 of prived of liberty, for prostitution, for living with HIV/AIDS or having a mental or physical disability, 7th December 1940) to classify feminicide as a among others (ibídem). Additionally, second generation laws emphasize the comprehensive care circumstance equivalent to murder and Art.1º of the victims/survivors and their environment through the implementation of (cardinal lines of ac- of Act Nº8072 of 25th July 1990, to include fe- tion) prevention, care, punishment and reparation measures and, in coordination with various actors minicide on the list of heinous crimes. Likewise, (institutional and social), ensuring gender mainstreaming in the formulation and implementation in the framework regulated by Decree Nº 6347 of public policies, access to justice, research and measurement of violence against women, among on smuggling of migrants and illicit human traf- other benefits. ficking, passed Decree Nº 7901, which creates

16 17

. ts ee ode, eates

tment of

enal C de, to eplacing Law Nº r y ticle 118 cr xt y 2016 olic nal Co ode and amends Ar ee Nº 35-2013). OIP 2014) omen. omen. es conciliation, , punish and end (C ough the enac ok ode). Ar ent ticles 27 and 321 of Decr omen. ev omen) Ar oved a new te enal C omen. omen. W enal Code ommission for P y 2013. Rev , UN ticle 107 of the Pe der to pr Violence in 2014 (Decree Nº tite C iolence in 2013 (Decr . 108-B to the penal C t tober 2013 and Januar V y UNDP ipar Tr ode, in or ve een Oc enal C eates the emicide Law) afficking (2013) and on 18th July 2013 appr ’ ‘Law which amends Ar Tr

a). 20 13-2016 ted betw w Against Domestic ers in cases of family violence. e Reform of the Organic P (Second phase sur ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ee 23-2013 (2013), which adds the concept of femicide to P dination Against ee Nº 7901 which cr eement or waiv y (Latin Americ tle I, Crimes against Life and Physical Integrity ( oor Legislation enac Ti the femicide statute. Nº 144-83 of August 23, 1983 contained in the P 66-2014). Decr Reform of the Law Against Domestic Reform of the La Comprehensiv Did not appr gender based violence and/or against w Did not appr violence, gender based violence and/or against w agr 29.819 and considers feminicide an independent crime thr Law Nº 29.990, published on the 25 of Januar incorporate feminicide femicide (2013). Law N° 29.819 (2011) 107, 46-B and 46-C of the P Did not appr violence, gender violence and/or against w Law N° 30.068 which incorporates Ar C Law Nº 13.104 (2015) (F Did not appr Did not appr violence, gender based violence and/or against w gender based violence and/or against w Decr first generation laws’) , by Countr ces. 2015-2016 . t Nº8925 . (2008) . dination ted against ogrammes y sour olence Laws (‘ ode, the en, Vi tion of violence n omen and which defines the enal C ’ ve ounds for denial of . ed ministries and civil elating to the e criminal omen , plans and pr tiv (2007) W and p re , specifically inflic y and secondar ’ (1993) re y combating human ‘Modify the P men’ omen) e effec t (2000) W 11 tober 2013 t Nº 20.066 on intrafamily Wo (1995) elated to human trafficking ee Nº 250-2005) ” ws) and other violence norms afficking (2012) 12 Violence t) (1992, 2000, 2007) cial violence committed against Tr , UN een Men and eloping policies , migrant and human trafficking (2012). om the primar omen (2010). g’ (2005) (2000) Domestic and/or Intrafamily Institute, decentraliz 10 ’ ) amily ’s (2002) ’ ct oceedings on matters r ode and Ac ted fr mendment) Ac y UNDP e in dev ention and mor aw ve affickin ted before Oc ev omen Violence Ac ted for crimes r Tr (2006) ’ de (A W enal C iolence against ee Nº 132-97 (1997). Violence’ easing the applicable punishments to this crime tunities betw ecutiv V Co aw . 45º paragraph c establishes the gr eforms (2000, 2007) t Against F es illegal immigrant smuggling and trafficking of iolence in 2005 (Decr t (2010). omen and the family eates the commission for drafting National Plan ’ Violence A cial or non commer V W Ar Violence L ws (rst generation la e Law Against Human egoriz enha L “Regulations of the law against violence on w tion Ac olence Decr qual Oppor omen (2007). w (Domestic ed by the Ex First phase sur Amends the P Vi ‘Cat ‘ , commer y to those convic egislation enac en the National ode and other legal pr . ehensiv Criminalizing t (1991) and r e and elimination of violence in all its forms we oducing changes in the classification of sex crimes VII of Book 2) and Law Nº 19.617 which gainst Domestic eatment of elderly men and w egulating the field of illicit drug w against domestic violence (1996) and its amendment Ac ‘Domestic ‘ Intrafamily ‘Protec ‘Law Against Human aw ‘A ‘Law on E ee 1981, which states as a priority State polic ee Nº 1982 ee Nº 620: Eradication of gender based violence against childr ompr iolence against ‘L intr mendment) Criminal itle . (2004) ‘Maria da P ’ T (2011). “V ’ (2004) Violence La outh or the disabled (2004 ) ” omen and intrafaimly violence as a forum for deliberation, dialogue, coor ganizations es mistr e Decr e Decr e Decr ention, car ode (A ode ( en, y ev eforms norms on parricide ee 59-2012 ee Nº 6347 r y in to the countr w Nº 1.600 w Nº 17.514 w Nº 20.066 w 11.340 w Nº 26.260 w Nº 8589 w Nº 7586 La xual Offenses Ac ecutiv ecutiv ecutiv omen (2007). enal C enal C Reform Law Against Domestic Decr Law Against Domestic society or trafficking in all its forms and cr on trafficking adolescents and adult w Ex Law Nº 103 Ex the family Ex Law Nº 8805 against sexual harassment in employment and teaching (1995) Law Nº 8688 (2009) Establishes the National System for ca against w and evaluation bet Law Nº 9095 Against human trafficking (2012 La La Domestic Se P crime of rape w Law Nº 28.950 against human trafficking and the illicit smuggling of immigrants Criminal Procedure C for pr Law Nº 20.507, which people and establishes norms for its pr persecution P Law Nº 20.427 amends 20.066, among other legal instruments and categoriz guidelines to be follow Law Nº 20.480, which violence, establishing femicide, incr and r Law Nº 28.983 La La La La La Law Nº 18.561 Sexual harassment (2009) Law Nº 18.250 on Migration ( entr Decr Law Nº 4788 C Law Nº 17.815 Sexual childr ed by the authors based on information collec

epar L ( y ca Pr y y

e uador aragua eru able 2. Domestic and intrafamily violence la ...... Chile, Santiago, N° 130 (LC/G.2620-P), Books, ECLAC Women”, of the Empowerment to for Gender Equality: A Contribution Policies “Public Barrientos Valdes Riquelme and Alejandra Benavente see Maria Cristina in Brazil, Law of the Maria da Penha a detailed analysis 10. For 2014. (ECLAC), and the Caribbean America for Latin Commission Economic Nations United to the type. as pursuant coexistence of requirement the and eliminates State), Paraguayan to the Committee by the CEDAW recommended (as reiteration for requirement the eliminates for the offense of domestic violence, the criminal framework Nº 1.600 raises 11. Law (2015). harassment punish street on a bill to in plenary parliamentary procedures Currently Chile, Santiago, N° 130 (LC/G.2620-P), Books, ECLAC Women”, of the Empowerment to for Gender Equality: A Contribution Policies “Public Barrientos Valdes Riquelme and Alejandra Benavente see Maria Cristina in Brazil, Law of the Maria da Penha a detailed analysis 12. For 2014. (ECLAC), and the Caribbean America for Latin Commission Economic Nations United Source: Countr T Brazil P Urugua Chile Costa Ri Ec Honduras P Beliz

18 19

. es y 2016 omen. omen. omen. omen. omen. omen. omen. omen) omen. omen. W , UN tober 2013 and Januar e violencia doméstica, y UNDP ve o y/o violencia contra las mujer een Oc es sobr 1 3-2016 ted betw on nuevas ley (Second phase sur ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily , violencia de géner y (The Caribbean) 20 Legislation enac intrafamiliar Did not appr violence, gender based violence and/or against w No se sancionar Did not appr violence, gender based violence and/or against w Did not appr violence, gender based violence and/or against w Did not appr violence, gender based violence and/or against w Did not appr violence, gender based violence and/or against w Did not appr violence, gender based violence and/or against w Did not appr violence, gender based violence and/or against w gender based violence and/or against w Did not appr gender based violence and/or against w Did not appr first generation laws’)

, by Countr

) tion tion ts of ry outh. , olence Laws (‘ Vi omen). (s/f ticles 269°, 278°, ersion 1990 and icle 302.1: e discriminato undamental Rights er A rt Violence (Protec Violence (Protec en who witness ac evised v , childhood and y enal Code, to the ou r, . (2003) discrimination, defines sexual tion of Children and Rape ceased to be an attack es omen) , family W enada (r tion F t (2008) ode that w tober 2013 eatment of criminal offenses ws) and other violence norms his norm amends ar . (2010) , UN T tims the childr ct y. enal C t) (2007). Domestic and/or Intrafamily ion System and the F efugee, centr ession- Ac elationships ct y UNDP te erity in the tr ntion) A ve ro ted before Oc eform (2004). tion orders) (Domestic tion orders) (Domestic ve t (2010) classifies domestic violence perpetrated ur re t (2005) t) (1992, amended in 2009) tle XI, Chapter I, Sec t) (2008) . Ti t (2009)

13 eception or r g” tion Orders- Ac t (1996) and amended in 2004. ntion and Suppr ws (rst generation la ersons (P erson Ac ersons Ac ve ntion Ac re t (2010) t (1996) t (1999) , 1995 and its r ode (2003) elopment of sexual r t (2009) t (1991) t (1993) Chapter 8:01) criminalises offences against the physical t (1993) ve t) (2006) (First Phase S ct egislation enac t (2001). Amended) Ac olume 1 of the Revised Laws Gr t ( orkplace. re t (1999), based on the principle of non- V Violence (protec Violence (protec t (2010) amended in 2013.

. ion and Adoption Ac outh C Which introduces amendments to the P Violence Ac Y 14 Nº 62 of 1987) in ‘ ct ersons -P ode - ticle 298º and 300º classify rape sexual violence. afficking in P en; child abuse and considers as vic ct afficking of P te Tr olence Ac Tr t) (1993) t) (1993) ro Violence Ac Violence -Protec Violence Ac Violence Ac ffences Ac omen Vi he . en and T 15 ode (A ode: ar ornography P ’ chological and sexual integrity of persons (not specifically against w w Nº 24-97 w on Domestic w on Domestic ders) Ac ders) Ac t 12 - nal C nal C xual Offences Ac ansnational Crime Bill (2011) afficking in P ansnational Crime Bill (2011) outh ombating he Child P he Criminal C he Employment Ac he Offences against the P he Sexual Offences Ac he Sexual offences Ac he Sexual Offences ( he Sexual Offences Ac he Sexual Assaults A he Sexual offences Ac domestic violence. Domestic La Criminal Procedure Code and the for Protec Y against w against childr 279°, 280°, 281°, 282° and 283° of the Haitian P on honour and became a crime against humanit Domestic T harassment in the w of Childr Law Nº 88-03, which institutes r T Decree amends the regime of sexual assault (2005): amendments of 2012) T T The Domestic Incest Punishment Ac T Child P Law Nº 137-03 on smuggling migrants and illicit human trafficking (2003) Law Nº 136-03 which establishes the P T La Or Tr Tr Domestic T T Domestic Se psy C Criminal O Domestic Ac against the normal dev T Pe “Pimping and human traffickin Pe Law Nº 87 (1999) confirms the line of sev T La Or Tr L

an a a c a y i n i able 3. Domestic and intrafamily violence la amaic Granada Haiti J Dominic Republic ...... regional and international and public domain with the in both the private cases of violence in intervention State ii) of the forms violence; i) diversification were: Act of 2001). Its main contributions Violence the (Domestic Act of 2010 replaces Violence Domestic The 13. responsi - expansion of the iv) relations; extra but also marital relations to marital restricted no longer of the law, the subjectconsideration become of bonds now of interpersonal iii) the incorporation and ratified; to has acceded State the Grenadian that legal instruments reforms. sexual offenses); among the major commission of the before (especially for victims/survivors; penalties for offenders measures and vii) increasing expansion of protective vi) of judicial proceedings; v) simplification force; bilities of the police labour”. of forced years against another person, shall be punished with ten pressure surprise or psychological threats, violence, or is guiltyassault through form of sexual the crime of rape of any commits “whoever on now from that states Code 14. Article 278º of the Penal shall be under eighteen, sex the opposite toward debaucheryyouth, of the corruption or facilitates and and encourages morals violates “whoever that, Code provides ArticlePenal 281º of the a crime against honour. considered these typeswere of offenses Previously, the be in danger at to not perceived was the murder if the life of spouse who committed as a whole will not be excusable the spouse of either sex by “Murder reads: now Code Article And 270º of the Penal two years.” to six months from punished with imprisonment time of the murder.” as domestic violence regarded This norm should not strictly be rape between spouses (1997). women, both in the domestic and public domain, for first time including against of violence manifestations and diverse violence 15. Act Nº24-97 classifies intrafamily the women, through to suffering or psychological sexual causes harm or physical, which of gender, on account all actions public or private, conduct, constitutes or women against Violence is also a specific articleArt.women: 309-1. – against there because on violence or persecution against one intimidation verbal, violence, or psychological force the use of physical of conduct through all patterns violence domestic or intrafamily or persecution. Art. 309-2. – Constitutes intimidation verbal, violence, or psychological force use of physical the harm to or psychological physical cause to or ex-consensual partner consensual a child, or ex-cohabitant, or against the person with whom bore cohabitant ex-spouse, against the spouse, the household, person who shares members or against any family or various in. is vested of the family or care protection or person under whose authority, partner, or consensual ex-cohabitant cohabitant, former spouse, spouse, guardian, tutor, mother, the father, by person or their property, Countr T Dom Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Cuba Dominic Guyana

20 21

the Tripartite Commission for Policy Coordina- the kinds of behaviour that adduce to sexual . 228, 1995) omen. omen. tion Against Trafficking in 2013. harassment and specifies obligations of re- Chap

t, gional, provincial and local governments in the omen. • In Uruguay, INMUJERES in 2014 sent the pro- prevention and punishment of sexual harass- posed alternative texts to Amend the Penal ment, as well as the ministerial obligations to Code and the Criminal Procedure Code and address this serious problem, highlighting the the Note Positioning the National Consulta- adequate measures to be implemented.

y Proceedings) Ac tive Council against Domestic Violence and the t (2000, 2005). Amended in 2014. Comprehensive Protection System for Children • In Ecuador, in the context of the amendment

ummar and Adolescents against Violence to the Parlia- of the comprehensive Organic Penal Code, in mentary Constitutional Commission to broad- 2014 passed a series of reforms to the legal sys- Violence Ac en the definition of domestic violence to regu- tem among which included the classification of ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily ove new laws on domestic violence, intrafamily Violence (S late national legislation and that such reform feminicide as a crime in article 141º. can contemplate the gender and generational

6 perspective. • In Honduras, passed the third amendment Did not appr violence, gender based violence and/or against w Did not appr gender based violence and/ or against w amended in 2015. Domestic The Domestic Did not appr violence, gender based violence and/or against w to the law against Domestic Violence in 2014, • In Chile, in 2015, SENAM, initiated a review which is added to the two previous amend-

process of Act Nº 20.066 ‘Intrafamily Violence ments, of 2005 and 2013, sanctioned by Decree . ces. 2015-201 ’s

equests Law’ (2005), through talks with the civil society Nº 250 of 2005 and Decree Nº 35 of 2013, re- ostitution oman y sour

. and strategic sectors of the 15 regions of the spectively. It is important to note that this norm ivism on t) (2006) t (2000) C) ct ed w ) ced pr country, which facilitated the identification of was translated into three indigenous languages n”

, ECLA strengths and critical links of the aforemen- tawahka, garífuna and miskito thus democratiz- olence) (2009) ersons Ac “batter Vi , which may endanger tioned norms for the development of a pro- ing access to public information for all women. ode does not ts y and secondar quality “16 Days of A posal for legislative reform on violence against esulting into death. enal C women, committed to regional and interna- • In Panama, on the 24th of October 2013, t 2006) chological and economic violence . 228, 1995). (1995) afficking in P ecognise domestic violence as a omen at high risk of death by their Tr tional legal instruments ratified by the Chilean passed Act Nº82, which adopts preventive t establishes the om the primar , Chap y for Gender E government, particularly the Convention of measures against violence toward women our ct ombating Domestic

ted fr Belem do Pará. and additionally amends the Penal Code to vator egulates all violent ac d a child or any other member of the family t (2008) eme C

ohibition on classify feminicide and punish various expres- . t (2002) and its amendment;

ostitution, obstetric violence and rape within marriage. • In Peru, Act Nº 30.068 (2013) was adopted, sions of violence against women. This standard ceedings) A t (2010) although the P t of violence, including that perpetrated by state ce: Obser , rape and abuse), psy ro t (2005) r ention Ac eatment in Employment and Occupation Ac which incorporates article 108-B to the Penal represents progress in respect to Act Nº 38 on t (2002) (which includes the concept of for v Tr y P t 9 (2005) ced pr olence (Law on C re e Access to legal assistance on domestic and sexual violence. erson Ac afficking (Pr (2007). ode (2003) t (2000). Amended in 2005. Vi Code and amends articles 107, 46-B and 46-C Domestic Violence and Child and Adolescent ” - Ac Tr t (1995) t (1999) and its amendment (2006) (Amendment by t (2006) establishes the obligation of state to cannel r ersons Ac erson Ac t (2006) of the Penal Code, with the aim of preventing, Abuse (2001). Progress was also made by Ex- olice Complaints Authority Ac ode omen ersons P t (2006) tunity and , sexual (incest ough which institute the annual campaign ors to hav W punishing and eradicating feminicide and Act ecutive Decree Nº 426 of 12th August 2015, y useful tool in handling cases of w olence Ac , penalises any ac viv er Vi er Nº 29.819 (2011) which amends article 107 of which names the Interinstitutional Commis- v olence (Summar ode (1911) amended in 2009, does not r Violence Ac Violence Ac a v afficking in P ” Vi we . It also includes for Tr y Offences Ac the Penal Code, incorporating feminicide. In sion for Regulating Act Nº 82, in regulation with seek corruption fraudulently or under the Drug Administratio ombat Domestic “ ohibiting Human afficking in P tims/sur ome enal C July 18th, 2013 Peru approved a new text that the latter. This forms part of the commitments Tr tion 53 of the P xual Offences Ac olence Against ounter- he P quality of Oppor he he Domestic he Offences Against the P eminicide is judged as homicide or an attack assault r egal Aid and Advice Ac replaces Act Nº 29.819 and that regards femini- made by the Panamanian government in the contemplate the crime of trafficking which classifies sexual harassment as a criminal offence and establishes penalties; Revision of the Criminal C Amended Criminal C C Law Punishing Stalking (Law on the Punishment of Stalking) Domestic E perpetrated against the spouse or towar T crime, ho F agencies Law Pr classifies physical Law to C Domestic such as T by vic life or cause physical and sexual harm. L T T Criminal Law Amendment Ac spouses or former (Sour syndr Domestic sec Se Summar Offences Against the P Law Nº 46-07 thr Resolution Nº 3869 of 2006 the Supr Vi cide as an independent crime through the en- framework of the International Agreement “to actment of Act Nº 29.990, published in January establish agreements and implement immedi- 2013 and eliminates conciliation, agreements ate preventive measures on feminicides”signed an Prepared by the authors based on information collec ago

b or waiver in cases of family violence. On the on the 29th of July 2015. Vincent and obago T To

d 26th of March 2015, Act Nº 30.314 was officially n aint Kitts aint aint Lucia uriname rinidad rinidad Source: Dominic T a Republic S and Nevis S the Grenadines S S T and enacted, ‘Law Preventing and Punishing Sexual As it is observable in Table 3 above, 100% of the Harassment in Public Spaces’ which establishes Member States of the Caribbean Community 22 23 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 25 - - - , approved , approved Venezuela of Rep. Bolivarian , approved Act Nº 896 ‘Against ‘Against Act 896 Nº approved , Nicaragua , passed the National Code of Criminal, passed the National Code Mexico pressions of violence against women and women of violence against pressions societyColombian by the whole which affects virtue and cruelty: of its teachings Act Nº 1639 are measures which protection (2013) through integrity the of victims of acid for strengthened Nº 1033 of 2014; Decree by regulated crimes, measures adopts which (2013) 1719 ActNº the victims/ for justice access to guarantee to survivorssexual especially violence, of sexual violence in armed conflict situations (these two unique and one of a kind are laws among the the of creation the and countriesregion) the in Act by offense separate a as crimeof feminicide Nº 1761, (Law‘Rosa Elvira Cely’) 2015. • In illegal an (2015), activity af- Trafficking’ Human particularly of the world, all regions fecting the where AmericanCentral and Caribbean region their countries from migrate people numerous economic stabil- others with better to of origin become victims of this kindity, of crime that of people and is directed the essence destroys the most vulnerable sectors of the pop toward Nicaraguanof the ulation society chil- as such and women. adolescents dren, The • on the Right Law of the Organic Reform a Partial which in- Violence, of Free a Life to Women of cludes the category and incite of feminicide of violence ment of suicide as extreme forms (2014). • with which ratifies the procedure Procedures, in the whole a human rights profile protection to Law country the Federal (DOF 5-mar-2014); Discrimination and Eliminate (DOF-20- Prevent Equality between for General Law mar-2014): imple the regulates which Women Menand - - - - sanc- Colombia 2.2 The Enactment of Second The 2.2 in the Latin Laws Generation Region American of the the provisions to adherence to Thanks in- and political Pará, do Belém of Convention commendable to the and stitutional efforts, job of advocacy civil society by and lobbying struggle of the tireless especially organizations, - defend organizations organizations, women’s in movements, rightshuman ing feminist and 2016, and although with important nuances 9 of the 33 countries ap (27%) in the region, Ar (Mexico, laws second generation proved Ni Guatemala, - El Salvador, gentina, Colombia, Venezuela, BolivarianThe Republic of caragua, of Bolivia and Panama), State Plurinational The than a quarter slightly more of the representing By adopting a holistic countries in the region. vio to the institutional response to approach these kindslence against women, of norms are violence on laws ‘comprehensive also knownas It is important that the note to against women’. enactment their does not annul of such laws with first generation instruments, coexistence Table or replaced. not repealed which were the coun- 4 on pages 19 and 20 highlights passed the second-generationtries that have (marked laws incorporated in bold) and are in the list of other legal instruments sanctioned between include other 2013 – 2016, which Some of the countries in criminal offenses. also made further- this second group legisla between 2013 and 2016, through progress tive protection that strengthen reforms legislative victims/survivors, for among which measures the following: are • Between 2013 and 2016, tioned a legal compendium of social relevance new ex advance the eradication of three to - - - - made a second amendment to the Dothe to amendment second a made and Nevis approved a draft on cyber law of vio crime approved in 2015, a newGrenada expression Federated State of Saint Kitts State Federated began to review the Domestic Violence Protection Orders Act (1993), whose re Orders Protection Violence the Domestic review Barbados began to , smuggling and human trafficking at the parliamen debate - generated and Tobago Trinidad the Domestic Violence (Summary Proceedings) Act, Chapter Act, Chapter (SummaryViolence Proceedings) the Domestic and the Grenadines Vincent St. is currently reviewing the regulatory reviewing is currently and Barbuda framework,Antigua practices policies and forms were approved by the Cabinet ministers in 2013. The same allowed for the adoption of amore the adoption of amore for same allowed The in 2013. ministers Cabinet the by approved were forms persons’, ‘protected of the categories of broadening of domestic violence, definition comprehensive Royal the of powers the of expansion the and complaints lodge to eligibility people authorized of of the Family the creation example, at the end of 2013, for which facilitated, Force Barbados Police to cases of domestic violence. response police to strengthen Conflict Unit of The Parliament • of crimeslence which includes the commitment media the electronic between two people through harassment, etc. extortion,and the internet, such as fraud, child pornography, • In tary and various in 2015 level sectors of the political spectrum began drafting criminalize a bill to this offense. • In to the victims/ orders protection domestic violence as it only offered 228, 1995) did not criminalize harassment individual rightssurvivors protect against sexual violence, to not be invoked and would the the amendment to approved In Parliament damage. 2015 the Grenadian and/or psychological classifying of new I – Preliminary crimes Act, 2015: Part namely:Violence abuse Domestic physical of sexual abuse; emotional violence; ver abuse; sexual abuse and threats of physical and threats harassment; stalking;intimidation; abuse; economic abuse; psychological violence; bal or damage destruction of property; on the property and encroachment of the victim without their consent, the domestic and/or intrafamily domain. restricted to although all remain • In 2014, the rape violence, sexual which classified 2005, in amended been had Actwhich (2000), Violence mestic the victims/survivors to protection and establishes greater and incest as serious provides crimes, offenders. harsher punishments for (CARICOM) only have first generation laws. Together, these countries represent more than half of the more represent countries these Together, first generation laws. only have (CARICOM) sense violence in a broad address type this to of legislation have level, which, at a regional countries, the Caribbean States yet, generation laws the second approved having not despite (58%). However, making and are measures efforts legislatively the protection to expand made some progress have the victims/survivors entail sexual offenses. especially those that to legal systems, and strengthen Some detailed below. most striking of the are region examples in the sub • is a draft and there at the national level violence and violence against women that deal with gender in the 2016 be debated Act which is expected (1999) to Violence amend the Domestic tabled to Parliament. In2012 • 24

From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 27

2014). 2014).

tims of these Crimes (last amended amended (last Crimes these of tims c Vi the to Assistance and ion ct te ro P the for

afficking and and afficking Tr Human of Crimes Eradicate and Punish nt, ve re P to Law General éxico M México

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2010. of 520) Nº ee (Decr Law Special the of 46º and 45º ticles ar in included is eminicide F

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t 294 of 1996 (2000) 1996 of 294 t Ac amends tially par which 2000, of 575 Nº t Ac

omen (2000) (2000) omen w against and violence intrafamily and

taining sexual sexual taining per ode C enal P the Updates ode. C enal P the by issued is which 599, Nº t Ac

emedy and punish intrafamily violence (1996) (1996) violence intrafamily punish and emedy r , ent ev pr to egulations r gates

omul- pr and elops dev onstitution C olitical P the of 42 ticle ar which ough thr 294, Nº t Ac Colombia

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t t enac and 1996 of 294 t Ac , Procedures Criminal Code, enal P the amends , lished

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omen (2012) (2012) omen w of homicide aggravated classifies 2396 ee Decr 26.791 Nº t Ac

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omen) W UN , UNDP ey rv su phase (Second omen) W UN , UNDP y ve sur phase (First

y 2016 y Januar and 2013 tober Oc een betw ted enac Legislation 2013 tober Oc before ted enac egislation L

ws on violence against women (second generation laws) and other violence related laws, by countr by laws, related violence other and laws) generation (second women against violence on ws la e Comprehensiv 4. able T -2016 2013 y - passed Act Nº 348 ‘General Law to guarantee women a life a life women guarantee to ‘General Law of Bolivia passed Act Nº 348 State Plurinational ...... (2012). las mujeres” contra poner fin a la violencia “UNETE para General del Secretario (Campaña Latina de femicidio y feminicidio en América delito del regulación 16. La 2.3 The enactment of femicide/feminicide laws in Latin America in Latin laws enactment of femicide/feminicide The 2.3 between the of femicide/feminicide, recognition made in the legislative the progress to In regard 12 countries that having with laws changed from region the first and second phase of the survey, or countries 16 to laws passed 15 which of (48%), 2016 in (33%) 2013 in offence this criminalize Plurinational The Chile, (Brazil, or feminicide femicide criminalize the penal codes to amendments to Ni Mexico, - Honduras, Guatemala, Rica, Costa El Salvador, Peru, Ecuador, of Bolivia, Colombia, State and 1 (Argentina) Venezuela) Dominican Republic and the Bolivarian Republic of caragua, Panama, 2016) 5). (ECLAC, gender on based homicide crime the classified legally has aggravated of (Table the their legal frameworks to adapted have almost half of the countries in the region Therefore, to the high levels responding firmly are states all, above and international instruments and, regional Women Against Violence the Secretary to End UNITE to General´s According campaign, of impunity. criminal policies with a gender per intend to develop of these laws implies that countries “the approval of those responsible punishment and persecution for strategies the one hand, on strengthen, that spective victims. of compensation and reparation the guarantee other, the on and women, against acts violent for impunity general special and system fulfils its function of criminal justice so that the is to reduce aim The of crime” prevention mentation of permanent sensitization campaigns on equality on of permanentmentation sensitization campaigns (DOF 4-jun-2015) and Regulations of modifies the alert which of Life, procedures Free Violence a to Access Women’s on the General Law of the Federal supplementing various amending and and the Decree provisions Violence Gender (DOF 25-nov-2013). Life Free Violence a to Access Women’s on of the General Law Code Penal • The first country 2012, became the to have after 28th march region 2013 and, in the of violence’in free and elected in candidates women acts and punishing against committed addressing a specific law political harassment ‘Against Act Nº 243 through (political violence) of political power the exercise other entities linked the political as well expands its scope to to women’which and violence toward and public and private institutions. as social organizations 26 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 29 es ode , the ode ’ y of

ee of omen. iolence, r V enal C W . enal C omen ovisions to the W ee of r easons ode the criminal ederal Entities ovision tment OIP), which criminaliz enal C C iolence Against V iolence against ode ( . 390) es feminicide in the P V es femicide and intimate omen to a Life F t e Special Law for a Life F W Ar e feminicide. y Generals Campaign eates other pr ear of enac e Law on enal C etar ode. ode ( eates the crime of feminicide as an eates the crime of feminicide ehensiv . anic P t)’ omen. ehensiv y and y rg enal C enal C ompr ode (2012). In 31 of the 32 F omen. e O Which criminaliz Which cr ely Ac ompr W ‘ ‘Law Criminalizing a C enal C ehensiv ee Nº 22-2008: Law against femicide and other forms of ee Nº 22-2008: Law against femicide and other ee Nº 23-2013 ee amending and supplementing various pr ee Nº 520 C . 7º paragraph 2). t t Nº 24-97 t Nº 82 t Nº 29819 t Nº 779 C t Nº 348, which incorporates feminicide in the P t Nº 348, which incorporates feminicide in the t Nº 20.480 which criminaliz t Nº 1761 t Nº 8589 t Nº 13.104 t Nº 26.791. Incorporates into the P t Nº 26.791. Incorporates ganic Law on the Right of C (2016) and the Secr iolence for emicide or feminicide legislation feminicide legislation emicide or ompr which typifies femicide Ac Ac Ac Or local penal codes criminaliz Ac federal P (ar Decr violence against w Decr Decr V Ac femicide in the P Decr C femicide in the P defines feminicide and incorporates the judicial categor defines feminicide and intimate femicide. Ac Ac cr independent crime and (Rosa Elvir Ac Ac F Ac for gender r offense of aggravated homicide ear 2012 2015 2015 2007 2010 2014 2012 2013 2008 2013 2012 2012 2013 2011 2014 1997 Y ws by sub region, countr ws by sub region, . of y o . State. . Rep gentina uador enezuela anama eru olombia osta Rica V Dominican Republic Countr Ar Brazil C C Chile Ec El Salvador Plur Of Bolivia Guatemala Honduras Mexic Nicaragua P P Bol eminicide La eminicide omen (2015). one one one

emicide or F emicide or th America ntral America ntral America ntral America ntral America ntral America ntral America ub region S Southern C Southern C Andean Ce Southern C Andean Ce Andean Ce Ce Nor Ce Ce Andean Andean Spanish Speaking Caribbean o able 5. F Prepared by the authors basing on data from ECLA N T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Source: UniTE to end violence against w

. 2015-2016 ces sour y secondar and y primar the om fr ted collec information the on based authors the by Prepared Source:

tivities (2011) (2011) tivities ac elated r and trafficking human on 79 Nº t Ac , 2016). 2016). , AC ECL , ry vato Obser quality E Gender Caribbean and American

anama P t Nº 14, 2007). 14, Nº t Ac ( ode C enal P Latin e: c (Sour feminicide e categoriz o t de Co enal P the amends also It

anama and the Dominican Republic. Republic. Dominican the and anama P America, entral C in minors omen, in fulfilment of the obligations of the state. the of obligations the of fulfilment in omen, w against violence of forms

cial sexual exploitation of of exploitation sexual cial commer eliminating and enting ev pr (2004) 16 Nº t Ac ent and punish all all punish and ent ev pr to as ell w as , elations r r we po unequal of ts contex

outh. outh. y and en childr of eatment mistr and olence Vi Domestic on ode C tims of violence in in violence of tims vic omen w of rights the t tec ro p violence, of ee fr life a age

t Nº 38 (2001) amending and supplementing ar supplementing and amending (2001) 38 Nº t Ac enal and Judicial Judicial and enal P the to ticles any of omen w guaranteeing of mandate the has law his T (2013) 82 Nº t Ac

of Bolivia of

gainst harassment and political violence towar violence political and harassment gainst ‘A 243 Nº t Ac c) ’ ’ omen w d . State State . Plur

t Nº 263) 263) Nº t Ac (Regulations 1486 Nº

ee ee Decr eme Supr and trafficking human against Law e ehensiv ompr C 263 Nº t Ac b) (2013) (2013) e’ violenc

e’ olenc Vi Domestic or amily F gainst ‘A 1674 Nº t Ac a) ee of of ee fr life a to omen w guarantee to law e ehensiv ompr ‘C 348 Nº t Ac

Guatemala

ee 09-2009. Law against sexual violence, exploitation and human traffickin human and exploitation violence, sexual against Law 09-2009. ee Decr c) g.

against femicide and other forms of violence against w against violence of forms other and femicide against aw ‘L 22-2008 Nº Decree b) ’ omen

) ) 831-2000 Nº Decision overnment (G regulation its and ’ Violence y Intrafamil ate Eradic and Punish , ent prev to aw ‘L 97-96 Nº Decree a)

aragua Nic

intrafamily violence violence intrafamily

t Nº 230 on amendments and additions to the P the to additions and amendments on 230 Nº t Ac ent and punish punish and ent ev pr to ode C enal

(2015) g’ traffickin human against ‘Law 896 Nº t Ac (2013) (amendment) 846 t Ac and (2012) ’ Code enal P the of 641 Nº t Ac to

t Nº 779 (2014) 779 Nº t Ac of Regulation 42-2014: ee Decr amendments and omen W Against Violence on w La e omprehensiv ‘C 779 Nº t Ac

Republic. Classification of feminicide as crime at the national lev national the at crime as feminicide of Classification Republic. . (undated) el

ederal Public Administration; of the Or the of Administration; Public ederal F ttorney General of the the of General ttorney A the of Law ganic

ganic Law for for Law ganic Or the of iolence; V of ee r F Life a Access to men Wo for Law General the

ee amending and supplementing various pr various supplementing and amending ee ecr D of e d Co nal e P ederal F the of visions o

t (DOF 25-nov-2013) (DOF t Aler iolence V Gender for cedure ro p the modified

Regulations of the General Law for Law General the of Regulations iolence which which iolence V of ee r F Life a Access to omen W

tation of permanent awar permanent of tation eness campaigns on equality (DOF 4-jun-2015 (DOF equality on campaigns eness )

- implemen the ulates g re which Men and omen W en we bet quality E for Law General

s discrimination (DOF 20-mar-2014). (DOF discrimination s s re add to es rc esou r public ough thr

ederal Law to P to Law ederal F t and Eliminate Discrimination, which giv which Discrimination, Eliminate and t n ve re boost boost ve substanti es

ofile in the whole countr whole the in ofile pr tion otec pr rights (DOF 5-mar-2014). 5-mar-2014). (DOF y

ode of Criminal P Criminal of ode C National cedures, which ratifies the procedure with a human a with procedure the ratifies which cedures, ro

e Refuge Law that contemplates human rights pr rights human contemplates that Law Refuge e Th . (2013) tion otec

tion of the Independent States of Mexico (2013). (2013). Mexico of States Independent the of tion

General Regulator General y Law of of Law y ims published in ar in published ims ct Vi ticle 20º of the P the of 20º ticle olitical C olitical onstitu- 28 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 31 - 0% 66% -25% -78% 100% rcentage variation Pe y and/or 6% 6% 45% 24% 21% 2016 (N=33) rcentage Pe 9% 28% 25% 28% 2013 12.5% (N=32) (94%) have national action national plans have (94%) 3 8 6 2 15 2016 (N=33) Countries omen and/or gender 2013-2016 Number of 9 3 4 8 9 2013 (N=32) e tion plan ess violence . tion plan on violence tion plans on violence ype of violence a tion plan to end violence against w by t tion plans on domestic violence tion plans on gender violenc otal percentage and number of countries in the region, by type of polic otal percentage and number of countries omen and/or gender omen T ype of national ac T oved and implemented in 2016. oadly) ithout a national ac able 6. national ac National ac National ac National policies or plans which include a specific component to addr (br W against w T Specific national ac against w Prepared by the authors Officially appr lence addressed by the policy by the elimination of addressed lence actionor national a) Specific national plan for plan: b) National actionviolence against women; domestic violence; c) National action plans on plans on violence to address include a specific component or national plans that Policies gender violence; d) a national action and/or gender. Without plan on violence against women and e) against women the type to of national policy according the number of countries shows in the region 6 below Table in 2016 and its comparison 2013. to or action plan in force Source: a Convention en- Convention of the regulatoryBelém do Pará the In frameworks, boosting reforms addition to aimed policies that are partiescourages State delay, all possible means and without adopt, by to III, Article (Chapter violence against women punishment and eradication of 8º). at the prevention, efforts joined public policies and/or na- the signatory to develop have states fulfil this mandate, To region. with nuances in the women violence against punish and eradicate prevent, tional plans to with the In of countriesof vio type in accordance groups this context, 5 the study has identified The first finding reveals that in 2013, 24 of the 32 countries (75%), i.e. three quarters of the region quarters region three 32 countries that in 2013, 24 of the the of (75%), i.e. reveals first finding The specific plans of whether they were regardless implementing policies and/or national plans, were since 31 of situation improved or not. In violence against women 2016 the regional address to newthis in reportCuba including – – countries 33 the 3. Policies Policies on violence on violence and/or plans and/or plans and/or gender against women against women 30 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 33 - - - of Opportunities between Men and Women of OpportunitiesWomen between Men and Free Life ‘a VI includes area (2008-2017) which for the National Plan in which area Violence’, of Violence of and Punishment the Prevention 1994) is enshrined; in (drafted Women against Policy: All Proposal Policy for Public “Paraguay 2. - formu Social Development (2010-2020)”, for the first tenets, strategic basing on four lated punishment, prevention, of which addresses of violence based and eradication of all forms Sexual for Plan National 3. age; and gender on pre (2009-2013), Health Reproductive and Ministry the by pared imple whose of Health, extended mentation timeframe was later to the period chapter 2014 – 2018, and which, in People to and Care VI, addresses“Prevention Genderand Violence Sexualof Situations in for Programme 4. National Violence”and based for Care and Comprehensive the Prevention in Situations and Adolescents Children Women, Vio Domestic and Intrafamily Based of Gender, con- whose objective– 2015) lence (2010 is to of gender based and the prevention tribute to - comprehen intrafamily violence and provide adolescents and children women, to care sive Decem in - Additionally, in situations of violence. the approved State ber 2014, the Paraguayan 2030 in Development National Plan Paraguay which Gender Equality is included among the lines of actionviolence in against gender-based - reduc Nº 1. Poverty tenets, one of the Strategic tion and social development. - - - (National Honduras, Brazil, Colombia and Chile, and latter and latter Chile, and Colombia Brazil, Honduras, do a national action address transited plan to to address a specific one mestic violence into in the final or are women) violence against phase of drafting (Guatemala, their second plan (TableEl Salvador and Brazil) In 7). Guatemala, for the Secretariat sources, official to according in acronym (SEPREM in the Presidency Women undertakingis Spanish) coor inter-institutional formulationdination efforts of the new in the PLANOVI,periodthe Incovering – 2025. 2015 Commission Technical the Special El Salvador, version of the five- the final have plans to (STC) its final validation in the first half plan for year by the of 2016 and possibly officially approved In all cases the national plans end of this year. national policy tied to are frameworks Opportunity Equal Policies, GenderPolicies, are which etc.), DevelopmentNational Plans, supports strategic and technical and political, which contain a necessary In logic. consistent States such as Mexico and Brazil, some cases, that programmes additionally formulated have lines contained in the strategic operationalize the national plans. to the National Plan In of Paraguay, the case 2015 – 2020, combat violence against women coexists with another 4 instruments of public policy which include spe at the national level and violence based gender on modules cific on Equality 1. Plan violence against women: - What is a national action is a national end plan to What women? against violence - actionA national against wom end violence plan to - an organiza by prepared programme en is a strategic activi develop to - of public agencies, tion or a group ties in the short, – and address mid and long term to against of violence end – all manifestations as a goal, intra- family, both in the private (domestic, women, domain. It and public and intimate) family is a pub lic policy measurable results instrument based on a and regulate which seeks to management model, the Due to laws. declarative merely operationalize - against wom of violence complexity of the problem a national its multi-causalen, basically due to nature, this should be implemented action address plan to sectors and with an interdisciplinary across approach. with an initial diag- begins the formulation Usually, - (en nostic of the causes of violence against women - with the presen model), and continues vironmental and incidence tation of statistics on the prevalence international, the at violence of types different the of - which enables the devel and national level, regional opment of a baseline (justification). A national action special pay needs to plan on violence against women intervention:of areas cardinal four the to attention of the punishment, and reparation care, prevention, and includes cross-cutting violence against women actions, such as capacitymeasuring development, vi- systems, information creating women, against olence harmonization, among others. legislative - - - - erational (Haiti, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Costa (Haiti, Dominicanerational Republic, Ar Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, gentina, Brazil, Nicaragua)and (60%) the15 of and 9 Paraguay Rica, a second plan (Haiti, Costa have already 3.1 Specific national action3.1 Specific national plans against women end violence to Bycountries33 the 15 of 2016, the region in national action adopted formally (45%) have op and are plans on violence against women to end violence against women and/or and/or against women end violence to the number of countries say is to That gender. and/or national policies formulated that have almost 30% in by increased plans in this area in increase is also a notable There years. three officially ap the number of countries that have vio eliminate to plans national specific proved 9 countries in 2013 from lence against women, of 66% an increase 15 countriesto i.e. in 2016, finding most significant The 2013. in respect to of countries the number to without a is related of the type. In national action plan, regardless 2013, the number of countries situation in this in whereas the total almost 30% of represented 6%, imply- to reduced has 2016 this percentage level ing almost 80% reduction at the regional action number of national The plans on (-78%). stable between domestic violence remained 2013 and 2016; observe of the a 25% decrease number of countries or with national policies to component specific a include that plans and the number of (broadly) violence address ad- countries national plans to that developed based violence doubled (100%). gender dress an ad- scenarioThis doubt expresses without in terms of due diligence vance in the region - against wom violence address to the States by the enactment – a en, not only through of laws necessary but not sufficient –, but condition sys- of intersectoral, the development through lines of action planning and strategic tematic and measurable goals oriented with concrete of the scourge. the eradication toward 32 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 35

’s ee of iolence Fr V iolence y for en, omen V 22 omen W er sem olic v ithout W omen, iolence W ee of Childr , Vi y for V W Fr rd outh (under tion P rd tion Plan against Y olic omen tion Plan for the tion Plan for tion Plan on ee of omen (2014-2018) iolence Against W Access to a Life V W ’s e (Mulher en and omen living iolence against iolence against W V iolence towa omen iolenc iolence (2014-2015) iolence towa iolência) V National Ac Care and Eradication Prevention, of (2014-2016) b) V V National Ac Against (2014-2015) b) National Ac a) National P Access to a Life W V c) National Ac V Childr formulation) 2015 omen a Life Fr W iolence Against V , Punish and End 21 re quality quality Ca ombat ent enting t, ev ev en to C ev ct . Pa engthening the Plan to Guarantee y to Pr y on Gender E elopment Plan (2013-2018) ocess amily and Pr olic iolence (2012-2013) olic 20 omen (2008) V tion Plan under tion Plan under tion Plan to Pr W y for Str ehensive e olic ompr omen (2009 – 2015) ONPES 161) (2012 – 2022) iolenc outh and National Ac pr formulation National Ac Intrafamily a) National P State P Nicaraguan F V b) C (2012-2015) (C National Plan for the Eradication of Gender a) Second National Y a) National Dev b) National P W eru uador P Chile gentina Brazil olombia Ec C Ar Nicaragua one one one egion egion r r ntral America Andean Sub Andean Sub Southern C Southern C Southern C Andean Region Ce ...... 2010 – Women and Rape (PLANOVI for Sexual Harassment Relations in Spouse and Family Women against Violence of and prevention Plan for Care National The 18. Rica. of Costa the state by action national plan formulated 2015) it is the second Plan against National Previous: Honduras. by action national plan formulated (2013 – 2022) it is the second Women Against Violence Combat Plan to 19. National (2006 – 2010). Women Toward Violence (2008 – 2011) women Against Violence Combat to Pact National First 20. Previous: (2011 – 2012) Violence of Intrafamily Action Plan for the Prevention National 21. Previous: of is still in the process Women toward Violence Combat to Commission Interinstitutional as of December 2015, the National available the information to 22. According - the Nicara Strengthen to Policy the State will operationalize that an instrument Youth, and Children Women, toward Violence Action Plan against a National elaborating Violence. and Prevent guan family

’s ee r 17 ) iolence omen V W omen in tion Plan 19 W ee of r y Ac y for olic olic omen, iolence omen (2012-2016) tims of these V e and punishment of c W Vi omen to Access a Life F National plan (2016) iolence (2014-2015) iolence against W V V quity (PLANEG II) (2006-2016) omen (2013-2022) e aux femmes 2012-2016 Access to a Life F for of (2014-2015) b) National P a) National P tion, Car W tunity and Non Discrimination nt, Care, Punish and End nt, Care, Punish and End e fait ve ve ntion of re re iolence Against ve V t and Assist the nt, Punish and Eradicate Crimes in re ntion, Detec ve tec ogramme (2013-2018) qual Oppor re ve e la violenc ro ntion iolence against nt, Care, Punish and End ombat re V ve e and P ve ontr quality and Gender E re 18 re e c ogramme to P ogramme to P elations for Sexual Harassment and Rape (PLANOVI elations for Sexual Harassment . omen (2014-2018) omen (2010-2012) omen and intrafamily violence (2011-2016) omen and intrafamily violence W W e Pr e Pr y to P elopment Plan (2007-2012) elopment (2013-2018) ocess ogramme for E ogramme to P tion plans to end violence against w to end violence against tion plans amily r olic tion plan under omen omen (2013-2018) afficking and to P ehensiv ehensiv National plan (2013) W W Tr ompr ompr ond National Plan to C omen 2010 – 2015) omen (PLANOVI) iolence against w iolence Against iolence Against ) National Pr Spouse and F W V National Plan for the Car against V V c) National Dev d) National Pr against e) C Human Crimes (2014-2018) g) National Human Rights Pr h)National P National Plan to combat a) National Dev b) C f a) II National Plan for E P b) Strategic Plan for the and Eradication of intrafamily violence and violence against w (2004-2014) Sec National Plan for the P National ac formulation pr (Plan National de lutt y o y 2013 – 2016 Haiti Mexic osta Rica Republic Countr Honduras C Dominican Guatemala El Salvador olicies and/or speci c national ac olicies and/or th America speaking ubregion ancophone Spanish- Caribbean Caribbean ntral America ntral America ntral America ntral America S Fr Nor able7. P Ce Ce Ce Ce by sub region and countr by sub region T ...... history Plan the National of recent The aux femmes) (2006-2011). faite la violence contre de lutte (Plan National Women Against Violence Combat Plan to 17. National Fund for Nations United Rights, Women’s and Affairs Women’s MinistryThe of in 2008 celebrated 2006 – 2011 is the agreement Women against Violence Combat to victims in the South Department East of girls and women of violence and protection in Haiti for the prevention of Brazil and the Embassy Activities (UNFPA) Population women against violence des filles et femmes victimes dans le de violences Département et protection du Sud-Est) with the double objective of preventing (Prévention component. the care and strengthening 34 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 37 - - iolence V en ocess and/ or oval. tion Plan to olicies for Citiz National plan (2016) National Ac Implement Laws on Sexual Offenses and Domestic (2014 – 2017) under the (2014 – 2017) under the formulation pr official appr iolence and P V cent and the Grenadines in 2015). This set of na- This in 2015). cent and the Grenadines main- of actiontional approaches adopt plans rights human and gender and the streaming, of Plan Violence Second National Gender Based adopts inter also Action (2010 – 2013) of Belize approaches. cultural and intergenerational part,its completed has state Jamaican the For National Violence the second Gender-Based although – 2025), (2015 Action Plan Strategic Gre Although still pending official approval. of version the complete nada does not have End Gen- to Action Plan the National Strategic in 2013 officially approved, Violence der Based key Ministers elements the Cabinet approved of the mentioned national plan, which consist planning and al- the alluded to of the‘core’of Issues Division of Gender the and Family lows actions address to programmatic the guide to domestic violence and gender based violence In in the country. Kittsin Saint 2010, and Nevis Ending of Gender for a Steering Committee It- is an inter-agen was created. Violence Based the of cyformulation the of charge in body Multisectoral on Sexual and Gen Action Plan - actionnational the is which Violence, Based der in 2016. plan in effect y on Domestic olic National plan (2013) tion plans on domestic and/or intrafamily violence, tion plans on domestic existence (2004-2014) iolence (2008 – 2013) Co National P V a) National Plan Against Domestic y y 2013-2016 anama Guyana P Countr olicies and/or national ac olicies and/or national ubregion Caribbean ntral America S Anglophone able 8. P Ce by sub region and countr T Prepared by the authors. Source: - intergenera shared through violence domestic rights human gender approaches. and tional, action3.3 National plans on gender violence Between 2010 and 2016, 8 of the 33 countries action national address plans to approved and Barbuda, (24%) (Antigua gender violence - and the Grena Vincent Jamaica, St. Bahamas, Kitts Saint Nevisand and Belize, Grenada, dines, the Anglophone Caribbean, (6 from Uruguay) America Central and the other from one from only the is Southernthe Belize (Table9). Cone) countryac- national second a with group this in tion plan on gender violence (the first one was drafted in 2007 with an implementation period of until 2009) and it is in the process that lasted national plan which, ac- the third formulating cover to is expected official sources, to cording of Antigua states The the period – 2020. 2016 and the Vincent and Barbuda, Bahamas and St. respect with progress registered Grenadines three the because affairs, of state 2013 their to the approved officially already countrieshave (Antigua first national plans on gender violence - Vin and Barbuda and Bahamas in 2013 and St. - iolence V omen 2015-2020. W tional Plan on a against

y een olic e of

e ar lopment outh in Gender, tunities betw ehensiv Y ve ompr trafamily Situations of elopment Plan en and ogramme for the Health (2009-2013) Health 2014-2018 qual Oppor araguay for All: Public P tive tive “P y ) (Table 8). In periods the of implementing the both cases, 23 oduc oduc olic araguay 2030” oposal for Social De omen and Men (2008-2017) omen and Men (2008-2017) omen, Childr National Dev iolence (2010 – 2015) a) Plan for E W b) P pr (2010-2020)” and c) National Plan for Sexual Repr d) National Plan for Sexual and Repr Domestic and in V f) “P e) National Pr Prevention and C W , although pending official approval and the protocols for providing providing for protocols and the , although pending official approval yN 24 ragua Pa one Southern C Prepared by the authors. 2 of the 33 countries, national action plans have been formulated to address domestic domestic address to formulated been action national have plans countries, 33 of the 2 care to gender-based violence. In the case of Panama, there is no official information to confirm if information is no official there In violence. the case of Panama, gender-based to care (2014 – 2024) Coexistence Citizen for and Policies Violence Domestic Against the New National Plan and in which case what approach one expired, that the current given officially been approved have the country Opportunity on Equal Policy has a Public for the newHowever, plan adopt. would includes which Women Opportunities Equal 4 on Actwith Nº complies which (PPIOM) for Women and private all public domains, and covers women violence against addressing for a component In 2013 INAMU. the objectives and functions by supplemented of Act creates Nº 71 of 2008 which of 10 areas which consists of a total was initiated, the PPIOM Action Plan of preparing the process third The and Objectives. Guidelines of intervention,of Strategic alia, contain a number inter which address actionnational Both to, alluded plans Women. Against Violence to refers component (3) Source: national action plans have already expired in 2016. Guyana, after in 2016. Guyana, amending the SexualAct Offenses expired already national action plans have in 2013, started Implement to on Sexual a National Action Offenses Plan Laws developing and Do mestic Violence (2014 – 2017) Violence mestic (Guyana and Panama (Guyana (6%) violence ...... Opportunities Plan for Equal Guideline (LEI Nº 9) for the National for Equality (2004 – 2010) forms part of the Strategic Violence Domestic Combat Plan to National The 23. and Rights (2007 – 2011). support technical from Social financial and Works, received and SocialServices SecurityGuyana, inof which functions under the Affairs, Ministry Women’s of Office The 24. December 2015 by However, instruments. of the mentioned for the formulation Fund) Trust Nations and the United UNFPA UNICEF, Women, (UN cooperation international of the same. in formulation about the advances had not reported Guyana 3.2 National action plans on domestic and/or intrafamily violence action3.2 National plans on domestic and/or intrafamily In 36 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 39 tion tural and, due to due to and, iolence V 31 32 o omen 28 W y Plan Struc ” quality olic ence on iolence (2009 – V es y/o de géner oach to Domestic National plan (2016) omen (2013 – 2022) onfer W omen Building the New Plan for Gender “Mamá Rosa (2013 – 2019) Appr National P (2014 – 2017) quity and E ‘W VIH/sida (2008-2013) (National Ac tunities: iolence Against ombat Gender Based V ee of ollow-up the IV UN C 30 tion Plan ’ (2009 – 2020) tion Plan on Gender E Barbados, betweenBarbados, domestic 2008 and 2013, the partviolence formed for strategies of the HIV/AIDS (2008 – Against National Action Plan sug- to be inaccurate it would 2013). However, is exclusively against women gest that violence in the context HIV/AIDS epi- of the addressed but HIV/AIDS is a factor that exacerbates demic, the vulnerability situation of violence against being both the cause and ef- violence women, of the virus of transmission fect qual Oppor ombat tion and Security ead a Life Fr ogramme to C y and Ac e Decently daje de la violencia contra las mujer tion Plan to F 29 otec omen and/or gender integrated in a national reception omen and/or gender integrated in a national olic National plan (2013) AN) omen to L egal Pr W iolence (2010 – 2013) National Socialist Plan on the Right of V Plan against HIV/AIDS 2008-2013). No posee un plan de acción nacional para el abor National P a) National Pr a) Integrated Gender Ac 2006 – 2010 b) L National Ac Plan (P 2020) b) National Plan for E Bolivia to Liv c) National Plan to C Plan (2006 – 2010) Plan Nacional de Acción contra el y . of . State uba Rep C l. . enezuela Countr of Bolivia Barbados Dominica Suriname Plur V Bo y and/or plan 2013-2016. speaking ubregion Spanish- Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean S Anglophone Anglophone Anglophone able 10. Addressing violence against w Andean Region Andean Region polic T Prepared by the authors In and sexual violence domestic Suriname, partform - Struc Plan of the National Policy (2014 – Violence on Domestic tural Approach Until 2014 the actions2017), valid in 2016. to in integrated violence were combat domestic 2013. In Plan Dominica some Work the Gender intra- violence and especially of gender forms and sexual offenses family and/or domestic the National policy tied to are and Action Plan in Meanwhile, on Gender Equity and Equality. Source: ...... a time having established not in 2016 despite in 2006 and is still in force approved officially was and Action and Equality Plan for Gender Equity Policy National The 28. for its implementation. frame which against women and violence Nº 66 and 67 on gender violence Measures containing (PAN) Women on the IV UN Conference Follow-up Action plan to National The 29. in 2016. in 1997 and is still in force formulated was ombat olence in Vi tion Plan on iolence under V iolence. ess Gender-Based V tion Plan iolence (2016 – iolence in V V 25 National plan (2016) d National Ac ond National Plan to C iolence (2010 – 2015) iolence Ac iolence hir he Bahamas National Strategic he Bahamas National Strategic V T Gender Based formulation for the period 2016 – 2020. National on Gender Based V (2015 – 2018) Sec Domestic 2021) under formulation. T Plan to Addr V quality (2011-2015) tion plan . tion Plan to Eliminate Gender Based tion Plan to Eliminate Gender tion Plan to End Gender Based . tion Plan iolence ombat Domestic V y on Gender E tion Plan on Sexual and Gender Based elopment Plan (2009-2030) elopment Plan (2009-2030) ocess a national ac olic ve tion Plan to End Gender Based tion Plan to End Gender tion plan under – Key Elements oral Ac National plan (2013) 26 27. tion plans for gender based violence, for gender based violence, tion plans ond National Ac enada iolence (2004 – 2010) Gr Jamaica (2011) National Strategic Ac Does not ha Sec on Gender Based (2010 – 2013) National Plan to C V Strategic Ac a) National P b) National Dev c) National Strategic Ac (2011) National ac formulation pr Multisect y y y 2013-2016 e Nevis the enada d Saint Beliz . enadines n aint Kitts Jamaica Gr Barbuda Urugua Countr Bahamas incent and a and Nevis S Saint Kitts Gr V Antigua and one olicies and/or national ac olicies and/or region -region and countr -region and b- Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean ntral America Anglophone Anglophone Anglophone Anglophone Anglophone Anglophone Su able 9. P Southern C Ce T by sub Prepared by the authors Source: 25. The plan was formulated in 2013. The implementation period is not reported. implementation The in 2013. formulated plan was The 25. in Grenada. Violence Gender Based End Action Plan to of the National elements) guidelines (key the strategic approved only Ministers 26. In 2013 the Cabinet and Action and Plan for Gender Equity Policy National The in 2016. 28. in 2010 and is still valid approved Violence Action and Gender Plan on Sexual Based27. Multisectoral frame for its implementation. having established a time not in 2016 despite in 2006 and is still in force approved officially was Equality 3.4 Policies and/or national action plans including a specific component of actioncomponent and/or national plans including a specific 3.4 Policies and/or gender violence against women violence against violence address to (18%) of the action strategies Also in 6 of the 33 countries for policy, reception the in part integrated form gender and/or component a of women gender equity and equality equal opportuni or on gender, - example policies or national plans for Venezuela of Bolivia, Bolivarian State Republic the Plurinational Dominica,ties (Suriname, of Cuba, and Barbados) (Table 10)...... 38 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 41 - ) National plan (2016 ess violence against ess violence against tion plan on violence against tion plan on violence tion plan to addr tion plan to addr ment of the first National Strategic ActionPlan ment of the first National Strategic Violence and Sexual Violence on Gender Based 2015, which in September was completed the period 2015 – 2020. However, cover would it ac- still not officially approved has the Cabinet consulted. the official sources to cording Tobago has been undertakingbeen has ef- institutional Tobago a policy gender forts address formulate to to According based violence and sexual violence. the develop consulted, official sources the to ed national ac - ithout a national ac ithout a national ac omen and/or gender omen and/or gender National plan (2013) W w W w y ucia obago T St. L Countr rinidad and T ubregion Caribbean Caribbean S Anglophone Anglophone omen and/or gender omen and/or gender able 11. Countries without an o cially approv able 11. Countries without w T Prepared by the authors. The state of St. Lucia, received technical and technical received of St. Lucia, state The Women under the financial support UN from - Ac State “Strengthening framework of Project countability End and Community Action to Caribbeanthe in in Violence GenderBased is no evidence there as of 2015, 2010. However, of the National process that the formulation has Violence End Gender-Based to Action Plan ap either been concluded or been officially and Trinidad since 2012, Meanwhile, proved. Source: ...... still pending official approval. in 2012/2013, was the time of conducting the study 30. At scheduled for 2016. approval preliminaryNational Action Plan on Gender with official version of the in 2015 had a official sources to 31. According (2012). Despite the increasing Health Organization American the Pan epidemics by considered both are and HIV/AIDS; against women is a link between violence There 32. policies (24%) have countries the first phase survey 7 of the 29 (2013), only to data according in the region, within the countries of the HIV/AIDS prevalence feminization for victims/ care and especially including specific actions for the prevention protocols and/or gender and implementation against women plans on violence and/or national and living with HIV/AIDS women toward strategies targeted or well the virus contracted have may that violence) sexual (especially survivors against women of violence Antigua Honduras, Colombia, Guatemala, Paraguay, phase survey: of the second data Brazil, to the provisional to 11 according This number rises who also suffer violence. and HIV/AIDS is documented against women violence to attention two countries, (in the latter and Nevis and Belize Kitts Saint and Barbuda, Haiti, Jamaica, Barbados, to prevent and antiretrovirals antibiotics containing kit an emergency receive should women victims violence of sexual example, in which, for in specific action protocols in Guatemala). as is the case pills, infections contraception and HIV/AIDS and emergency transmitted sexually - - - - “assessing the possibility- criminal leg of including in the substantive “assessing 2 of the 33 countries (6%) do not have an officially approved national to action plan an officially approved (6%) do not have 2 of the 33 countries Only both An- and St. Lucia), Tobago and/or gender (Trinidad against women violence and address glophone Caribbean (Table 11). 3.5 Countries in the region without an officially approved national national an officially approved without in the region 3.5 Countries and/or gender action against women on violence plan ing the National Action Plan on Gender on gender violence and whose which has a specific module ing the National Action Plan preliminary the Gender Affairs to draftOffice under the was presented Ministry Assistance, of Social and Community DevelopmentEmpowerment Official in 2015. confirm consulted that the sources of the national plan will take place in 2016. official approval - Wom on IVththe on Conference UN Follow-up to ActionPlan National the formulated 1997 in Cuba and in which they of the Republic included two of Cuba Council of the State Agreement by en (PAN) at aimed Nº67, and 66 Nº measures, the threaten acts that to reprimand to the existing ones, harsh treatment more or accord islation, new acts, baselines that enable the in particular” and women youth children, “create Nº 66) and to (Measure family, of all forms of victims to the perpetrators sex and relationship age, of data by and disaggregation control (Measure and youth” and those against the normal development of children against women, of violence such the advancement of women, to incorporates issues of interest Nº 67). In every evaluation PAN against violence of expressions other and violence intrafamily violence, based gender addressing as framework. contained in the existing normative not which are women In of Bolivia, the Ministry State the Plurinational for Plan in 2008 the National of Justice approved “Women Decent Live Building the New Bolivia to OpportunitiesEqual in Spanish) – acronym (PIO framework, in the which ap based violence’ ‘gender ly”(2009 of the PIO is of the areas -2020). One 2016. in (2009 – 2020), in force Violence Gender Based Combat to Programme the National proved Both public policy interculturalism gender violence and adopt human rights, address instruments Equal for Vice Minister of the the official sources to According approaches. and dispelling patriarchal Opportunities under the Ministryin December 2015, a national action of Justice, plan was being of violence’ free a life women guarantee to law ‘comprehensive Act Nº 348 regulate to formulated vio political and harassment ‘Against 243 Act Nº actionnational a as regulate well as to (2013) plan (2013). lence against women’ (Second Social- the Homeland’ for the‘Plan in 2010 developed Venezuela BolivarianThe Republic of and Social the Economic Development is the basic of the Nation 2013 – 2019) which for ist Plan commencement of everythe at Executive National the by required planning strategic for document non discrimiconstitutional period and just society build an equal - promoting to of Government by In and the framework of the Homeland Plan, of socially vulnerable groups. nation and the protection with the aim of deepening actions of gender equality advance the achievement to and equity by -2019) which has “Mama Rosa”(2013 the Gender Equality elaborated Plan State Venezuelan 2013, the Nº 3.6, elimination of gender violence in all its expressions. among its specific objectives, its high incidence in the country, violence against women was originally addressed with this instru- this with addressed originally was women against violence country, the in incidence high its between 2016, Barbados 2013 and has been making efforts significant in develop ment. However, 40 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 43 - - - - in 17 of the 31 countries (55%) there is no observed is be consistency (55%) there in 17 of the 31 countries In 14 of the 31 countries in the region (45%), the legislation was consistent with consistent was (45%), the legislation in the region In 14 of the 31 countries since there is no link between the two instruments. is no link betweenthe two instruments. and public policies since there legislation tween observable between different the inconsistencies three are there these 17 countries, Within coex plans on violence against women the comprehensive instruments: a) in 6 of the 17 cases, ist with domestic violence legislation (Haiti, Honduras, Brazil, Chile, Peru and Paraguay); b) 7 of b) 7 of and Paraguay); Peru Chile, Brazil, (Haiti, Honduras, ist with domestic violence legislation with the first generation gender violence plans which coexist adopted the 17 countries have in their totality and Barbuda, the Anglophone Caribbean Countrieslegislation, (Antigua Baha- and Saint Kitts Belize and Nevis) Grenada, and c) 3 and the Grenadines, Vincent Jamaica, St. mas, because in Barbados legislation and the of the 17 countries inconsistency toward is favourable Of Rep. (Bol. laws (Barbados) domestic violence laws and comprehensive Venezuela, of Rep. Bol. co-existits com- among violence against women Venezuela) with national plans that address on violence measures Nº 82 which adopts preventive Law ponents; and in the case of Panama and punish differ classify femicide to Code amends the Penal and additionally women toward domestic violence, coexists with a national plan for of violence against women, ent expressions imply inconsistencywhich would between the two instruments. Of particular relevance to the aim of this current study is to investigate the consistencyOf between particular investigate study is to the aim of this current to relevance regulatoryagainst women violence frameworks that address national plans policies and/or and In framework the 2 and 3 above. the analysis of paragraphs to accordance and/or gender in the equivalence or compatibility to refers to alluded ‘consistency’ the research, of this regional and the first or second generation) (of laws (harmonization) by between obligations mandated to and implemented the policy being formulated latter the objectives plans, and/or national Consider the underlying which is compliance with the norms, legal structure. effective ensure ing consistency in the framework of this study therefore, there is need to inquire if there is a is a if there inquire is need to there ing consistencyin the framework therefore, of this study the women, betweenlink against and violence identified of violence definition of the types the norms by and/or national plans. and policies (public and/or private) protected the spheres in each country the type 12 shows legislation of current consistency and if these have or Table national policies and/or plans. not with the current twoupon examination since countries, number of analysed cases (N=31) was reduced total The by national action plans officially approved did not have Tobago, and Trinidad and St. Lucia 2016. is an Here cases. half of all the analysed in almost plans; i.e. the policies and/or national is consistency 12. In there between Act Colombia Nº 1257 Table analyse to example on how ‘Which of violence and punishment of the forms sensitization, prevention establishes norms for Act 294 of Criminal Procedure, Code, the Penal reforms and discrimination against women, Women Guarantee to Plan (2008) and the Comprehensive 1996 and dictates other provisions’ of violence against women 161) (2012 – 2022) since expressions (CONPES Violence of Free Life Addi- CONPES 161. by by those addressed approved Act as criminal classified in Nº 1257 are are of violence perpetrated against women expressions consider the in both instruments, tionally, of violence or a free a life to ‘right the in the public and private domain as equally recognize women that both in- of violence against definition The in both instruments. of peace’ culture Pará, which of Belém do Convention definition of the with the consistent struments adopt, are the country in 1996. ratified hand, other the On 4. between Consistency against women against women plans on violence plans on violence policies and actionpolicies and 42 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 45 - nas of decision making ministries (in cabinet and parliamentary joint in the negligible and areas) sectorsall of contextspolitical and social the in patriarchal characterized by workcoordination of the second reforms legislative promote to often resistant patternsand misogynistic that are existing laws. regulate generation or to - legisla harmonize to it is imperative than half of the countries of the region, in more Therefore, harmonization be can legislative lack of the for explanation the of Part policies. with public tion Institutional leadership in the and the weak the Mechanisms for hierarchy level the low in found political are in the no capacity influence that theylittle to the have to Women, of Advancement ...... Violence. Gender based and GbV: Women Against Violence VAW: Violence, Violence/Intrafamily Domestic DV/IFV: References: the Authors. by 33. Prepared Act Nº and the Reforms to Women Against Violence on Law article Amending articles 46 and additionally 30, 31 and 32 of Act Nº 779, Comprehensive ‘Act 34. Act Nº 846, regu- the same shall be that Article added Actto provides Nº 779, which 64 (bis) 2013, among other modifications, enacted September on 25th Code’, 641, of the Penal State 42 and 43, of the Nicaraguan Decrees through Thus, of section 10 of article of the Republic of Nicaragua. the provisions in conformity to 150 of the Constitution lated was against women of violence the mention where all points at that it is of concern 2014. However, Nº 143 of 31st July Act in the Gazette Nº 779, both published regulate the spirit of the law. contrary to of the law, during the regulation against the family, for violence the term substituted Branch Executive the made, plans. and/or national and policies in legislation VAW, and a distinction between DV/IFV make States Rican and Guatemalan Costa The a. (2014 – 2017) in force Violence Domestic to Approach Plan Structural Policy but 1 National gender violence Gender Action Plan 2006 – 2010) addressed Integrated The b. domestic violence. to is restricted y b 33 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES T APPLICABLE T APPLICABLE Consistenc NO NO iolence, V tion plan tion plan x x x x x x reception plan GbV/IFV/DV in the

x x x x x x x x x x iolence/Intrafamily V GbV y and/or national ac y and/or national ac W x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x iolence. een domestic violence, intrafamily violence violence, intrafamily een domestic VA V : Domestic y. x x x x x x x ithout a polic ithout a polic y betw olicies and/or National Plans olicies and/or National W W DV/IFV

W x x x x x x x x x x x : Gender based omen existing in 2016 and policies and/national plans on and/national plans in 2016 and policies omen existing VA

e consistenc 34 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x DV/IFV a omen and GbV a y y y W . of o e . ucia incent eru uba Rep uador alvador enada Rep ragua V P Haiti . State of C Chile obago gentina Brazil anama l. Beliz Bolivia enadines Mexic olombia T Guyana and the enezuela Ec Jamaica P Gr osta Rica Barbuda Urugua Countr Bahamas Pa Barbados C Dominica Honduras Suriname and Nevis Ar Nicaragua Saint Kitts V rinidad and St. omen existing in 2016, by countr omen existing in 2016, C Dominican Saint L El S Bo Gr Guatemala able 12. Legislativ Antigua and T Plur Legislation P Legislation T and violence against w and violence and violence against violence, gender based violence domestic violence, intrafamily w Prepared by the Authors. References: DV/IFV iolence Against V W: Source: VA 44 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 47 - - with implications 38 and their institutional capacities . As of 2016, al the countries in Latin America. As and the 37 35 . However, the institutional performance of MAWs display impor display the institutional performance of MAWs . However, 36 tant differences among them due to, among other causes, ‘the hierarchical level they occupy in the they level occupy ‘the hierarchical causes, among other to, among them due tant differences (ECLAC) of the state’ structure organizational Caribbean (100%) have created a MAW which includes, as part which includes, - of their institutional mission stew a MAW created Caribbean have (100%) equal opportunities policies, on gender the role ardship among genders, and equality of treatment there although women, violence toward address policies and/or national plans to of developing exist nuances among countries rial representation for the formulation and implementation of policies and/or national plans to of policies and/or national plans to and implementation the formulation for rial representation Rica,Costa El Colombia, Chile, Brazil, and/or gender (Argentina, violence against women address as is rated This and Uruguay). Venezuela of Rep. Bol. Peru, Guyana, Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador, (UNDP, against women violence to the interinstitutional response a good practice strengthen to Also observed 2013). in some countriesWomen, is the participation or national of committees UN a point in these processes, advisory supportwhich provide on gender the MAWs committees to on the in Jamaica Affairs of the part Women’s supportthe Officebeing the case in by of received End Gen- to Action Plan Strategic of the National the formulation Gender Advisory for Committee confirmed significant the have we hand, other the On (2015-2025). Jamaica in Violence Based der the to supporttechnical especially international cooperation, by and financial the of role provided of policies and/or national plans on gender in the formulation Anglophone Caribbean countries, violence. to of the political will of States sign favourable a is undoubtedly in the region of MAW creation The on the Elimination fulfil the commitments that they undertookConvention to accept and ratify the (CEDAW) Women of Discrimination Against ...... which establishes legal obligations of women, on the rights is the main convention (CEDAW) Women Against of all forms of Discrimination on Ending Convention The 35. it date To in 1981. force into in 1979 and entered Assembly General Nations the United by adopted was CEDAW against women. discrimination parties prevent to of States their rights. and promote women, protect against all forms of discrimination with the aim of eliminating worldwide States by 187 has been ratified in the they occupy level in the hierarchical variations albeit with MAW, sample had a in the study with the first phase surveycountries in 2013, all the 36. In accordance the institutional setting to in respect advanced have and Nicaragua Ecuador it appears that comparatively, Reviewing this information of the state. structure organizational of the National the creation to 1733/2009) transforms Decree (Executive and Gender Equality Women of the Council toward Commission Transition the of 2013. In Ecuador to absorb Women way for the Ministry paved of Children and Youth Family, the Ministry In Nicaragua office. of which is under the Presidents for Gender Equality, Council were there gender policies; although in some cases of the same institutional stewardship maintain other countries All and gender. in policies for women the stewardship case Brazil. in point of functions, new names and redefinition on these mecha- conferred formally have countries that the status which describes indicator as a qualitative of the MAW level has established the hierarchical 37. ECLAC powers and which defines its national legislation, basing on the calculated is MAWs of the of hierarchy The level and other official measures. decrees laws, nisms through Observatory Gender Equality ECLAC, (2016). Source: legal status. 5.1. Formulation and implementation of policies and/or national and/or national of policies and implementation 5.1. Formulation plans of Institutionalobserve existence the to continued have region the in Betweenwe 2016, 2013 and (MAW) varying with Women - among coun levels leadership of the Advancement Mechanisms for interministe with of interinstitutionaltries coordination in some countries and even the creation for the exercise of such functions. the exercise for both in the first and second phase of the survey, understand the nuances between countries, To or ‘presence (ECLAC) b) and level’ ‘hierarchical criteria: into classified been a) two have MAWs the and/ violence against women address to institutional coordination absence of mechanisms for 5. womem Regional addressing addressing challenges of violence against 46 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 49 - - - 2 of the 33 countries (6%) (Colombia and and (6%) (Colombia 2 of the 33 countries - than half of the coun more (61%), i.e. 18 of the 33 countries . 41 ments of women who experience violence in these areas, coordinated from the central level; the the central level; from coordinated who experience violence in these areas, ments of women with other programmes, women national plans on violence against of policies and/or coordination etc., HIV/AIDS, poverty, housing, security, citizen as health plans, such policies, national plans or address to institutional response whose tie-in a comprehensive guaranteeing for is fundamental channelling the participation for of institutional spaces and the creation violence against women of civil society The second group of countriesof of up made is group second The corre MAWs These of hierarchy. with a medium level MAW a which have Ecuador) whose head directly reports or a mechanism the under the Presidency to an‘entity spond to and di- legally been constituted have that make up this group MAWs The Presidency’(ECLAC). of the Republicrectly and functionally or under the ministry depend on the Presidency of public service. mechanism under the leadership an interinstitutional coordination Both countries have and implementation of policies and/or national plans on violence the formulation for of MAW it is important for that the National Council note to Inagainst women. the case of Ecuador, the of assumes the duties and powers legal mandate which by Gender Equality is the MAW Equal- Public to Guarantee Definition on the Institutionalism of Transition of Commission former ensuring and the full enjoyment for responsible and is the organ Women ity between Men and of the rights enshrined of the Republic and in the international in- in the Constitution exercise by adopted main strategies The people. and other LGBTIQ struments of human rights of women intersector for the implementation of policies and/or national plans for and Ecuador Colombia and with include: the establishment of interinstitutional alliances and agreements coordination civil society; monitoring and evaluation and/or national of policies of institutions for creation the intersection of public poli- 1257 of 2008 in Colombia); of Law plans (Monitoring Committee towards Violence End Gender Based to of the National Plan example the coordination for cies, with the specifically, and, System Safety with the Public of Ecuador Women and Youth Children, Security; Citizen for National Plan example through for and territorial decentralization of policies, gender Equality Mechanisms in Colombia. for Territorial of the creation of composed is group third The because the institutional hierarchy level with low a MAW have which tries in the region, line of a Ministry or third entities dependent on the second are (deputy depart ministries, MAWs (Argen- (ECLAC) offices and other figures) districts, bureaus, divisions, councils, institutes, ments, Domi- Belize, Barbados, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Uruguay, Panama, tina, Bolivia, El Salvador, Suriname, and the Grenadines, Vincent Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts St. nica, Grenada, and Nevis, mechanisms for In created 20 countries 9 of the Saint Lucia). and (45%) have Tobago and Trinidad Antigua and Barbuda, Uruguay, Panama, El Salvador, (Bolivia, Brazil, interinstitutional coordination Dominica and Suriname). an interinstitutional Bahamas, Among the countries that do not have and the Vincent 6 cases (Jamaica, are Saint Kitts mechanism there Saint coordination and Nevis, fore consulted which the official sources in and Cuba) Grenada Tobago, and Trinidad Grenadines, The or parliament. in the executive task force of a mechanism or of a national see the creation the implementation of policies and/or national plans in this set of countries for main strategies mechanisms under the leadership of institutional coordination the creation has been oriented to Guyana, Ja- Grenada, Belize, Barbados, Bahamas, Cuba, of Argentina, with the exceptions of MAWs and Saint Lucia; Tobago and Trinidad and the Grenadines, Vincent maica, Saint Kitts Saint and Nevis, - - - ; de-concentration 40 ing interinstitutional coordination mechanisms mechanisms ing interinstitutional coordination - and Para Cuba of Chile, (with the exceptions the institutionalization strengthening guay); (provincial, subnational level of gender at the departmental, depending municipal or local, on the country); of interinstitutional the signing the efficient participa bolster to - agreements in criticalthe in and, path organizations of tion of action the elaboration protocols some cases, on violence against women mulation and implementation of policies and/ mulation and implementation against violence address to or national plans nuances still having gender, and/or women mainly been aimed at creat among them, have of work in operative and technical commissions commissions and technical of work in operative Mexico Rica); and Costa (Honduras, decentral- and the formulation for ization of the processes national implementation of policies and/or seeking institu- plans in the areas respond to particularitiestionally to require and specific - - . Table 13 in the following pages in the following 13 Table . 39 sition is a Minister with full participation first group This (ECLAC). in the Cabinet’ (39%) 13 of the 33 countries comprises Haiti, Guatemala, Rica, Chile, Costa Cuba, (Brazil, Peru, Nicaragua, Mexico, Paraguay, Honduras, - Ven of Dominican Rep. Republic and the Bol. MAW by adopted main strategies The ezuela). the for for institutional hierarchy of high level represents a list of MAW, immediate reporting immediate a list of MAW, represents which of institutional hierarchy the level lines, with the ECLAC accordance each possesses in interinstinot) of - (or criteria and the presence address to mechanisms tutional coordination sub by and/or gender, violence against women 2016. by and country, region of countries group the first Table13, in shown As hierarchy, of level a higher with has a MAW po of this or the rank rank ‘ministerial has ...... of efficiency) but also a measure facilitate (which would achieved of accomplishments in terms be measured not only can of the MAWs institutional capacities The 38. public funds and the ability to especially resources, availability of financial ii) resources; human availability of trained i) (effectiveness): criteria of the following in terms capacity with civil society); capacity; v) negotiating vi) representation coordinate them to capacity; (enables iv) social capital iii) technological resources; manage scarce vii) ability to etc.; social vulnerability, of greater in situations women population, the LGBTIQ of women, social groups of the various and ability articulateinterests the to ministries as cabinet both in viii) participation and processes, in the decision making spaces contexts; and influence international social and economic, decipher the cultural, regulatory reasons depending on particular to: i) contexts among other respond, MAWs of and institutional profiles trajectories different The parliamentary as in well spaces. women in each against of violence manifestations various the of social inequalityto the mitigation and address differently contribute public policies that and frameworks policies to commitment will and social and political iii) political against women; of violence gender equality and a life free promote to or less likely more country; ii) cultures move feminist especially movements, social in the abilityto influence iv) differences against women; violence of and a life free inclusion, non discrimination for equality, ments and women organizations, to institutionalize their clamour against the advance of a violent, sexist and patriarchal society; among others. and patriarchal sexist of a violent, their clamour against the advance institutionalize to organizations, and women ments capacity etc. the technological and human resources, economic of the available should include an in depth analysis of the institutional capacities analysis 39. A thorough for this study. line of research the proposed from has not been collected information This by and/or gender, and history country by against women and main legal instruments of public policies on violence institutions, A1: Gender governing Table 40. See Annex Women). UN (UNDP, Women”(2013) against Violence Eradicate to Plans and Policies National of States: Commitment “The country in: - organiza organizations; and/or feminists; human rights of women defending the rights in the participation organizations especially of social actors, 41. In 2016 an increase confirms This victims/survivors others in the planning phase. among and themselves of violence, women and afrodecendant rural of indigenous, tions defending the rights action with little social participation, in 2013, of a planning model based on the vertical state evidenced and sectoral in which social actors are already the transition, participation and plural model with shared a horizontal towards without participating in the decision making process, above”but “from informed about the decisions simply out in an articulated carried Social manner campaigns participation has been important Society. and Civil in the prevention and functions between the State responsibilities services victims/survivors, in relation to especially care of comprehensive and in the provision or independently, sub-national and local, the national, with institutions at and management roles and functions administrative for joint defined the community has well studied, in some of the cases support. Even emotional and psychological to (2009 Women Against Violence Combat Plan to National The is remarkable. participation in Peru the citizen experience matter, that For of resources. and control mobilization representatives experts, community leaders, of multiple civil society actors (professionals, and the contributions agreements the interinstitutional of the result – 2015) was participated actively in the way who in an organized levels) and local regional the national, at and feminist movements organizations women of civil society organizations, four mecha- was channelled through collaboration This its official approval. plan before for the national of observations of the proposal and validation formulation revision, State sectors of the of the different representatives both to (MIMP Spanish acronym), Populations Vulnerable and Women held within the Ministrynisms: a) consultations of to virtual specialists in the field and to through means and another directed consultation b) a general level; and regional the national at such as civil society organizations pluriactor with participation. Workshop of a Regional Consultation and c) the organization Organizations Women’s the leaders of the Main or gender´ or 48 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 51 - - dicators, corrective measures for the public programmes are taken to enhance its compliance. In taken enhance its compliance. are to programmes the public for corrective measures dicators, Public of the Federal agencies and entities System, Evaluation of the Performance the Framework National the of their actions to relation the results in basing on indicators, monitor, Administration Secretariat the Finance inform under it and 2018) and the programmes (2013 – Development Plan the of Congress Republicthe of notifies President the that aim the with body, Finance Public and of Mexico States with the constitution of the United in accordance of the implementation, results - the Com through National Policy, the Comprehensive On the other hand, Law. and the Planning 2014 Women against Violence and Eradicate Punish Address, Prevent, to Programme prehensive and performance indica- the progress monitor to an evaluation method designed – 2018, foresee have every action, of line and specific for strategy nature, their on depending tors which, objective, defined timelines. Implethe Intersectoral The for Commission Colombia. practice from comes promising second The a Guarantee to Plan Equality and the Comprehensive Women’s for Policy mentation of the Public Social the CONPES up and monitor follow interinstitutional mechanisms to Violence, of Free Life of Free a Life for Plan and the Comprehensive Women’ Document Nº 161 on‘Gender Equality for implementation in the progress measure to with indicators a dashboard has developed Violence, the to according violence on policies actionsthe of prevention and impactthe and care the of Keyof methodology ACPEM the on Indicatorsinteractively Performance available is which (KPI) identification panel: i) the construction taken of the control for were steps following The Website. and prioritization part of the variables which form of the first panel; ii) development of the control prioritized of identified and variables; the measurement - iii) identifica for indicators of proposal iv) evaluation of the needs and expectations sources; of the institutions that tion of information framework, the interinstitutional and v) definition of the strategic mechanisms; the value integrate indica- has 41 management and results board control The of indicators. chains and the formulation with the public through shared are National Plan in the implementation of the progress The tors. the mechanism under Act Nº 1257 which created and the Monitoringpublic events Committee for these responsible The institutions officials not meeting filing complaints against Act Nº1257. for Department, Planning the National are Presiden- processes the Attorney General´s Office and the Equality. Women´s for tial Council in the pro where practice in monitoringAnother promising and evaluation is identified in Uruguay, of gender based violence, free a life For – 2019: 2016 ActionPlan current their of developing cess Domestic Combat to the 1st evaluation of the National Plan considered with a generational view, Vth line of action corresponds of the new Plan The (2004 – 2010), carriedViolence out in 2012. annual reports for The of the entities responsible the monitoring and evaluation of the same. to the Departmental such as advancing the Plan, the National Consultative will allow Commissions, monitoring the various sectoral on gender policies an interinstitutional space for create to Council To this for monitoring and evaluation and annual accountability. tools specific have to violence, monitoring and evaluation. for and the bodies responsible indicators it establishes goals, end, - - - - mala, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua Costa mala, Honduras, less than half of the countries i.e. Panama) (and 17% less than in 2013) in the region on the monitoring information provided phase of the policies and/ and evaluation against violence address to plans national information the From and/or gender. women it appears that the actors responsible available, mainly: monitoring and evaluation are for a) way in some cases in a coordinated the MAWs, plan- and/or with other national enforcement Dominica,ning agencies (Dominican Republic, Plurinational Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and the Bolivarian of Bolivia, Colombia State of- b) national statistics Venezuela); Republic of c) commissions created and Belize); fices (Peru the evaluation of policies and/or national for Rica, d) the plans (Costa Honduras and Brazil); for same interinstitutional mechanisms created national the implementation of policies and/or e) an and Uruguay); plans (Nicaragua, Panama f) (Argentina); observatory MAW attached to within each agencytables created with specific skills the evaluation of policies and/or na- for and g) external consultancies tional plans (Peru) and Guatemala). (Uruguay at least analysis recognizes information The experiences in monitoring and promising three evaluation of policies and/or national plans to - and/or gen violence against women address practice first promising The der in the region. De the National where Mexico, comes from includes indica- (2013 – 2018) Plan velopment them measuring priority give for to tors issues, monitoringtimely learn and progress about ap where in achieving established goals and, make the necessarypropriate, adjustments to the SectoralWithin Pro compliance. ensure were be achieved to the targets grammes, effectively to the indicators determined by actions the InGovernment. of the measure the achievingof not case or in- goals the of some - Venezu of Rep. Bol. Peru, lombia, Ecuador, Dominica,ela, Dominican Guate Republic, - - - 5.2 Monitoring and evaluation of and evaluation 5.2 Monitoring plans policies and/or national reference made research In regional 2013 the emerging an of region the in presence the to of public of evaluation results the of culture national policies in general and policies and/or and/ violence against women address plans to In 2013 it was confirmedor gender in particular. that 20 of the 32 countries pro (62%) which the de-concentrationof workcommissions in in public organizations Points or Gender Focal decentral- the Dominica, Panama); (El Salvador, of gender ization and creation/strengthening (El Salvador, subnational level institutions at the the Uruguay); Panama, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, of inter-agency partnershipscreation (Domini- El Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, can Republic, of and the creation Uruguay); Panama, Salvador, Brazil, participation citizen spaces for (Uruguay, Bolivia). Chile, El Salvador, mecha- strategies, on actors, vided information of monitor and results methodologies nisms, ing and evaluation experiences of the policies warned on the notable and/or national plans, weakness of monitoring in the development post) ex and ante (ex evaluationand systems and quantitative the qualitative which allowed effectiveness efficiency, the of measurement of the activities. and economic development Only eight countries of the study sample then of monitoring and evalu- the creation foresaw shortin the included which systems ation or performancemid term, at least, goals, indica- measure to institutions and responsible tors of the management. And there the progress very countrieswere that had planned and/ few monitoring and evaluation mecha- or created policies and/or national plans. nisms for level the situation at the regional Unfortunately, Only in 2016. 16 of the 33 has not prospered Brazil, Argentina, (45%) (Mexico, countries of Bolivia, Co State Plurinational Uruguay, 50 ee r ed

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y an a ca a y ador lv aragua Sa uador anama aragua eru able 13. Institutional Mechanisms for the Advancement of amaic El J Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Mexico Nic P P Republic P Dominic mechanisms T Ec Countr Cuba Chile Dominic Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Colombia Costa Ri ...... 2015). domestic violence (December to address is being formed Force Task National that a confirm 42. Official sources Office Affairs Women officials under the leadership of of senior public management mechanism comprising coordination of an interinstitutional two options: a) the creation (2011) provides in Jamaica Violence Gender Based End Action Plan to Strategic National The 43. Office. Affairs Women of a parliamentary under the leadership of commission or b) the creation

52 53

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.or y of Gender ffairs Depar opular P (INMUJERES) .cepal tment of Gender A Ministr tment of Gender Relations and Gender E y of P National Gender Bur www Gender A outh and Child Dev National Institute for Depar Y Depar Ministr y Prepared by the authors. Hierarchical level for the Mechanisms for the Advancement of Prepared by the authors. Hierarchical level for Mechanisms Vincent obago T enezuela aint Kitts aint aint Lucia uriname rinidad Urugua V S and Nevis S and the Grenadines S S T and Also available at: http:// Source: ...... Action Plan institutions of the Multisectoral of implementing composed Violence, of Gender based for the Eradication Committee of a Steering for the creation (2015) provides Violence Action and Gender Plan on Sexual Based of the Multisectoral preliminary version The 44. Violence. on Sexual and Gender Based Action Plan. Department, the Gender which will function Affairs of the National led by as an advisory Action Plan Advisory on the implementation body Commission and monitoring Violence Gender-Based of the National the creation Action Plan foresees National The 45. strategies. of the mechanism nor implementation integration confirmed the neither have official sources The mechanism for its implementation. coordination of an interinstitutional the creation Action Plan foresees Strategic National The 46.

54 55 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 57 - - - the main strategies relate to the implementation of prevention the implementation of prevention to relate the main strategies the theme of prevention campaigns, education, sensitization, training, awareness and/or promotion and dissemination of and dissemination of and/or promotion awareness education, sensitization, training, campaigns, media of violence through values and practices free of human rightsattitudes, and a life respect estab contexts”to institutional “safe of creation the etc.; roads, public on print, television, radio, both within public institutions violence against women to tolerance with zero lish environments partnershipsand in the private sector (through within the framework of Social Responsibility pro men youth, of networks involve the creation among social and institutional actors to grammes); non violent masculinity) of positive so that they programmes through example, (for and children and key social transformations cultural patterns that exacer actors in changing become allies for the participation community promoting mobilization through violence against women; bate of actions in the and local authorities implement joint preventive to organizations both grassroots complementarity of multi sectorial guarantee the creation agendas to territorial between sphere; (point in exacerbate violence against women issues”that “related public policies that articulate among others. etc.); firearms, access to drugs, consumption of alcohol, case, of spaces for linked the creation are to in the region the main strategies of care, On the theme opportunities com- creating some countries provide are to progressively, and, (shelters) refuge the victims/survivors to under the modality care of a one stop and their environments prehensive in a emotional support, etc. service care, legal aid, that includes medical and psychological centre the victims/survivors to care for on a action of intersectoral single space; development protocols with every of them free, day, many criticalat the national level, helplines path; opening telephone guidance and support information, advice, to staff providing with specialized attention 24 hour, the victims/survivors of multisector support and the creation networks and in some cases with the participation of civil society among others. organizations; multisector work agen- at creating directed are the main strategies On the theme of punishment, and harmonization of the regulatory the revision dis- amend and/or repeal frameworksdas for to and in the legislative the gender approach mainstreaming women; criminatory toward provisions YWhether part they form action of the lines of and/or national plans on set out in the policies the actions without formal to implemented and/or gender or relating violence against women and/or in concert civil society with act and other stakeholders, their MAW through States, planning, of violence punishment and redress central themes of intervention: care, on the four prevention, with that, even been shown in 2013, it has set trend the Following in various ways. women, against cen- three to the first all countriesthe countries, among implement actionsreference in differences a minor extent, to implement actions and punishment) and, related care tral themes (prevention, it is the latter, In to relation challenge in the region. a major remains which the theme of redress, to - rem ensure to nor implement measures important promote neither generally states that note to the actions to aimed example, for refer, We victims/survivors edies for violated. whose rights were priority victims/survivors,the of empowerment economic the at access reintegration, social their make to in- building their capacities and emotional strength and stable employment, housing to among others. dependent decisions, very themes are each of the are Below varied. obtained for and results initiatives implemented The central themes of intervention. the four actions and implemented for the main strategies On 6. women Innovative institutional and redress of and redress experinces for the prevention, the prevention, violence against care, punishment care, 56

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region ub S Andean 6.1 Promising experiences in relation to the theme of prevention of violence against women and/or gender and/or women against violence of prevention of theme the to relation in experiences Promising 6.1 - - - - other medical supplies and other specified re and other specified other medical supplies aimed measures and the adoption quirements through reintegration at social and professional training, vocational programmes, employment etc. experiences institu- of promising 29 are Below themes the four to in relation tional responses punishment of intervention; care, prevention, - trans some to references and redress and/or actions expe versal which describe promising riences of violence linked the measurement to and with capacityagainst women building. a experiences mentioned are promising The from analysis of the information of the result of process mapping the of development the vio national plans and policies which address in Latin America and the lence against women from that resulted Caribbean exchange and the an in-depth interview framework conducted the countries in from informants with key MAW In following the tables, the of each region. the and is summarised: a) sub region information country countries); (or interven b) theme of - action transversal or tion makeswhich refer it is experience;ence to c) justification on why experience; d) descriptiona promising of the experience e) contact and; that the details so on each of information the can broaden reader does list below The experiences. the promising not purport but rather illustra- be exhaustive to knowledge with the aim of broadening on tive violence experiences address to the promising and/or gender in the region. against women - - the few strategies that strategies few the theme of redress, public policypublic violence against on instruments guaran- to of measures the adoption women; of the victims/survivors; the legal protection tee mod- offenders; for of penalties the toughening vocabularyification of the formula- the used in aim of eradicating gender with the tion of laws of strengthening and/or biases; the creation violence to respond police units to specialized tribunals or and specialized against women court specialized capacity build- proceedings; judges and personnel judicial operators, ing for in general; strengthening of the judicial system - of prosecu the joint work of police and teams in a against women violence address to tors (for example, and efficient manner coordinated action of intersector development the through orders the availability of protection protocols); victims/survivors to and the implementation (for offenders for programmes “intervention” of the change promoting programmes example, as part offenders of their sen- for of behaviour the legal pro to and not as an alternative tence cess). The at aimed are in the region implemented are rights violated remedy to initiatives developing the victims/survivors;and the moral damage to measures the implementation of intersectoral vic- the for empowerment economic achieve to the grant through tims/survivors example, (for social legal, psychological, credits); ing of micro and economic support the victims/survivors; to medicine and housing, access to immediate 58

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eiba, o, tions of its otypes and or the istric rk, rt re AS) of the IZ) to pr omotion of ela, La C Guerrer (G T e wo t, icularities is the Specifically oduced a video tiv D. eintegration. ee of violence for een men and w en months of clas oduc ultural approach that ions that recognize, omoted as pa rc ooperation ederal Distric oint Mechanisms f tment for the Pr j omen and femicide. sseminating the information. e municipalities: Among the pa rt . t w epar ya eace and Security (IUDP , national and international policies echnical C their communities and thriv to implement training ac P ed a set of ct “the right to pr ention and social r tion form sexual harassment and rnance, has pr , and funded by AECI ell as combating gender ste y, for Social Responsibility in compliance ung people who come together with the ev omen (SEPREM) has pr , care and prevention of violence in their ve its distribution provided to 7 D tor) tec o ender rt y for T W Chihuahua, F ntee Y pr dia. In 2015, after sev re ro , o that companies integrate the equality nsider tions a the ethnic and inte y o ernment and civil society with the aim of job discrimination, betw ween the D 84 hours in fiv mocrac of Go ention of sexual harassment at the tship a s w hts is p Chiapas rk bet , have c etariat for tions aimed at generating a life fr wo es of the m e ersity subsec ecr ac – and to ensu een the gov which abide b chí y, ti ve ek o that end tivities and the logistics for di a, Garífuna, Mestiza and Ma y Institute for D e urit T esentativ icle 6º, seeks to guar tor through programmes tor (univ ough joint ts betw sidential S pr y under the Minist ry Xinc

tivities for the prev re re nting violence in cour tion and capacity building s uth Communities made up of , Mam y K’ dination of feminist organiza ve rks in 9 federal states ( k. Among the labour rig Yo ation sec re e strategy with the German Agenc wo oduce prevention measures adopt t in uence in addressing violence agains VIM), agenc ments and kchiquel ork environment. NA ve under the Universit Ka

” CO or example, the P y in situations of gender violence that occur F tor for programming ac s. t Nº 28.983, which in a rt t or indirec omen ( Security W ocesses aimed at p tnerships with the private sec omen and men that establish mechanisms for suppo This first course was taught in seven modules 1 omen in the w dinator ions of motivation, convic eloping a collaborativ omen, Ac ct oor tion pr incorporating measures aimed at avoiding any form of orks from the State to join e or including 32 women and 4 men, obtained knowledge on g y, s, ac ups of w s, ee Mayan languages – tors with direc IM also promoted the creation of e g ro iolence against y of Honduras (UNAH) under the coor erritorial C ticipant V ganizations and feminist mo ward women in the native languages of indigenous communities and T . ted through a

ON AV rsit existence and Citizen een men and w e. ene in an appropriate wa ve v , Co The par espec . ts of violence against w r rk conditions, and equal pay for the same wor omen of the four dominant ethnicities in Guatemala: ct e trained and seek to contribute public institutions in effec orks which ar catán). C , the campaigns and public policies that intr By 2015, MIMP was dev . ences and dynamic ”. ry Yu tw y . omen and the urity and human dignit unities betw W rt sec oup of w es of civil society or

tor and international cooperation to programme joint ac confer y, ntral distri icipants ar ork environments e translated in the four languages of dominating ethnicities thr opulations (MIMP) has established par ention of violence to Ce motion and wo ated and strengthened 22 Citizen Interinstitutional Net mx/ “Diploma on Gender esponsibilities b. omen and men a re qual Oppo tional Autonomous Uni rkshop s, esentativ p ro ernment ocials and social ac . g, eneurs to join this initiativ g tims which was translated in the thr epr private sec ork r c r, ulnerable P , r epr ticular social gr orks the pa rt .or Vi V .g t to ough wo es that allow citizens to inter trainin , Michoacán, Oaxaca and t, conavim.go .pe e rights of w mpaigns on prev tion equipment and video e, created the men with the indigenous communities and justice sec .iupdas international cooperation and civil society organizations with the educ ca e into account the costs and impac , all the campaigns ar r, omen and girls thnic composition of the count .gob Wo omen and ww w. to , wher a a W seprem.gob eloping thr a In these netw een 2013 and 2014, c re elopment rnment officials isions of the Law on E s. the human rights of women, femicides, violent deaths women and coexistence citizen sec of .mimp ecognition of par y the Interinstitutional and Citizen Ne ve rt ry e and tak Sula and Choloma in the ting alternativ esses the Rights of tiv , State of Mexico rk places : www ed ro VIM: http:// o the multi -e onment ention ention ention ention tion and strengthening of Citizen Interinstitutional Netw AS (UNAH): www th Americ men SEPREM and the Municipal Offices for men. Betw NA culty of Social Sciences the Na orkplace and safe non violent w eru ranslation of the CO SEPREM: ww w. violence against w Prosecutors the projec that addr Wo purpose of dev Hidalgo wo language, and thus Nor Mexico Prev Crea envir construc that to restore the social fabric of countr public polic The National Commission for the Prevention and Eradication of Advancement of MIMP Central Americ T Guatemala Prev encourage and motivate entr Due t allows the r IUPD was closed in March with the graduation of 35 new professionals this field. San P that suppo perspec safe wo benefits go harmonization of family and w Fa exercised in conditions of freedom, equalit in access to employmen Central Americ Joint public sec Honduras Prev Capacity Dev In the academic spher through formal studies for gov Alliance of the public sec Andean P Prev w The Minist with the p rov y y y y ersal tion ub region ub region ub region ub region ransv Countr Theme Promising experience Description More information S Countr Theme Promising experience Description More information S S Countr Theme T ac Promising experience Description More information S Countr Theme Promising experience Description More information

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ve ’); b. wo teristics of habilita - ee of he Minist ry ovincial orkshops, T e the is valuable t. eal-time d, eristics of the mber 2009, which omotes in schools iolence has been ct ve nmen cquaintance orks on re , with a message ed within the eason why ha ‘a ro tims and the alleged emicide statistics ehehápe). Note utors at the national omen and girls nd , and just then cut “F ffairs pr ’a the r ing cases of women , obtaining r om the same ar s on . ar s, rt e kuña r ’ ye elationships ega rd family to the right a life fr amily A e i s to generate global ‘ e gated data according to the ’, ghts of w (subcategoriz omen . airs and Gender V tiv elationships ct men (2011), in coordination with the ganization that w ega rd Information System on human traffick-

has examined and documented the (kuimba teristics of the vic s in 2010 by type; chara utors Office on 20th No st wo evision spots and community w l amily Aff nd social – labour envi human trafficking ted in the repo ative records of prosec n carried out at the national and pr ofiles of alleged offenders and charac can be obtained fr e charac amily healthy r his knowledge, now documente time frame of 5 t omen in r or Gender and F on information r T , pr and spousal r “Strategic el with disaggr ence of the fa elopment w ey on F e html ms rv i t. Th spouse or ex ‘ olence again ofit civil society or y Dev Su orShe whose objec Vi ention of gender violence ding to the osecution elopmen ofiles of vi ct . Scene of occurr alled HeF diagnostics have be “Pr y, he statistical data tha T ogramme, the Division f The First National PREVIM), a non-pr ffairs and Gender omen, c y of the Public Pr (A in the period 2014 – 2015. W of violence, within families ’ ry tivities for the prev tes and agents of change to realise the ri egisters complaints nationwide on vator ca es based on the spousal and intraf enting Pr ed within the categories of amily A ar vo .gd/ministries/social_dev iolent Men cognition V lopment, Housing and Communit men, called HeForShe, also translated to Guaraní y on F he statistical data consolidate the administr as ad ve .gov ve ensuses (INEC), to be implemented within a Wo ve only carried out in 2010 self re ouncil for Gender Equalit ‘ ry ww ru, includes statistical data that has been documen anization. .ec/ “Statistics on attempted femicide accor opose alternativ elephone: (021) 419 2827 Pe rg T y. and ” ement promoted by UN ork of the National P y of Social De tions for prevention through national dialogues, radio and te grounds ha utor of efer to the Criminal Obser first to have aragua , especially women organizations. y for measuring the prevalence and incidence of violence against w ry . es oved by Resolution Nº 1690 – 2009 MP FN of the Nations Prosec osec ve om the National C omen and men which includes statistical data of number feminicide y of Internal Affairs, with the aim evaluating situation e information to programme ac elopment: http://w , fr ence (categorization of the causes femicide); d ntion and Rehabilitation of also includes a regist al data on femicide and human tra
cking at the national lev ed should r urr secution operational since may 2013, r ry ve ovement promoted by UN . esentativ elopment of ac ro re epr vato tims .comisiondetransicion.gob elationship with the offender (subcategoriz t tolerance of gender violence within the count ty r , among others iolence offenders ogarín. Asunción. P ww V ommunity Dev y commissioned the first National Sur eement with the mentioned o . py oint in case, the framew v. omen which should be known and constitute femicide or attempted femicide. t the Global Solidarity Mov y of Public P tims and the alleged offender e. P .go qualit osecutions – National Pr escues of vic nsuses and the Ministr , criminal and mix teristics of the occ enched in the population and finally pr vator . ffairs operating under the Ministr Ce ted offenders for cases of attempted femicides. T ups the idea that it is necessa The Crime Obser ro omen omen .mujer vey in 2016 the Global Solidarity M orld tices that suppor e entr , Housing and C e Nº 006 – 2009 MP FN, appr quality: http://w ogramme of the National Institute for Statistics and C amily A . Documentation of qualitativ im (age range) and r tiv rivate). www tims and femicides ct ec ‘p cultural chang eristics of the vic Based on the information obtained utors of family anization, Assistance for the P .pe vatories for producing statistic of the Public Pr ct y. and ry elopment e a new sur , operations and r ’ ouncil on Gender E ough a programme for counselling and psychological treatment with the view of reintegration in family cultural prac .gob t for Rehabilitation of Male tak omen suppo rt them with State and civil socie vato W ntion. men: http:// ze public , of the Criminal Obser ‘ ” ve a Mcal. López 1451 c/ Monseñor B .mimp of Wo outh and community g ouncil for Gender E ry vd , both corresponding to the period 2009 – 2014 (consolidated data for indicated period). all catalysts of y teristics of the vic y of y of Social Dev ing to the chara : www ork of a social o rg ivision of Gender and F ention ention ting crime obser ention ention omen signed a mutual collaboration agr wledge management ims and the offenders or suspec el to sociali areness of the responsibilities that men all ages and back el in compliance to Dir uador ovides that all prosec om the National C eru aragua National C included in the Statistical Pr planned to under lev National Institute for Statistics and violence in the countr Andean Ec Prev Measuring violence against w MIMP Design and implementation of a specialized national sur Fr information of cases ing – SISTRA homicides and attempted of w pr lev vi ct the attempted feminicide, femicide and other homicides of w categories of following: a. Age of the vi of the offender (age range); c. Charac acco rd offenders” charac Andean P Prev Measuring violence against w Crea The Crime Obser Ministr the w The Minist thus ensure an egalitarian w of W APREVIM- Suppor Address: A tion of offenders thr aw Prev Joint State and Civil Society to suppor Southern Cone P violent cultural patterns that ar based on p re Ministr and with y which a re input for knowledge management as it allows the dev myths, beliefs and The D Kno Anglophone Caribbean Grenada Prev y y y y ersal ersal tion tion ub region ub region ub region ub region ransv ransv S Countr Theme Promising experience Description More information S Countr Theme Promising experience Description More information S Countr Theme T Theme T ac Promising experience Description More information S Countr ac Promising experience Description More information

62 63 e

e of tak- tur vey on el to y and egistries opera- ur ent ways ell as that e r Co olence vices in any al lev e a general ting the el and by elopment of a set ship Vi otec ensuses (INDEC) in men and the ou rt cess of its under . Other non specific elopment of public Wo ovide comparable el ro endencies and Changes , 1985 – 2010 whose T essor (pr .” olence, within the National olence (PENPVBGG) was viewers, super visors and omen. Implementation of ey on C .pd f Vi of Health; National S Vi rv w

s from the Public Health with competence in the field or the dev ed 50.703 administrativ s, ve ed specific information on the e platform based on the struc , subnational and loc diz diz al tems on . Similarly RUCVCM facilitates the taking into account the differ tional Su irst edition, 2012). y for Defence, the Security Ministr y, mely and Comprehensive Monitoring to “was fundamental in successfully esentati the Minist ry tor System Ti y a rk e issues which allows one to hav s in federal entities Subsys he limitations that come with administrativ

, training of inter epr t adequate instrument to determine the ommitment of INE iv ocesses nd Generational s countr n collaboration with UN 2010. F EH in Spanish) carried out 2006 and 2011by ims of violence at the national lev the design of adequate public policies for y wo e ement focused on the joint dev -1985-2010%20pdf ith the National Statistics and C Institute (INE); Uruguay International

pouse, which occurs in the family and community curity; Na y of ENDIREH 2006 is found in the publication, lic Ministr s es and standar at facilitates the measurement and monitoring of e lationship with the aggr z y and magnitude of spousal violence, as w t a nd one at the national lev stics Institute in the whole p ted and standar institutional space r iolence, r , definiti o ns and classifications pr ) design an informativ minicide in M exico: Approach, omen vi ct

ntly the mo ement and c eement w Fe equenc e of the agr olv tions: i) defin ition of the variables; ii) categorization tion of field st aff

tiv ur re This interagenc omestic V , occupation, r ederal Distric eminicidio_Mexico . RUCVCM centrali men. men (ENS ADEMI, 2008) b y of Justice, the Pub e the inv o he objec T . RUCVCM has collec veys are c Wo Wo y evalence of Gender Based a t 26.485 for the period 01/ 2013 – 07/2015 and is open to new ser t of femicide violence in the omen, which has facilitated one for the F omen and the concepts y, en Institute for Studies on Inse e records of public bodies at the nation esentation of data; and iv dination process of the inte o understand data on w T ouncil to Combat D y signed a cooperation agr .pdf . teristics, tendencies and new expression es and Río Negr ey on the Pr e C dance to Ac yone statistical information on the various els rv omen (RUCVCM). This has been fundamental in overcoming t Su W esidenc ey had the backing of National Stati Charac y/Publications/2013/2/F , the Special Commission to Recognize and g rv eements with the Ministr o. t outline for pr onsultativ opulation Fund and UN , Buenos Air egated by age, sex, marital status is information facilitates the formation of Statistical teristics. o epor rk was published in 2011 under the title esult of a joint coor Th uth. According to ECLAC, sur The su . e specifically want to emphasiz ey on the Dynamics of Household Relationships (ENDIR o this end W y was to establish a baseline with national scope th . T tions/Librar olence and Health – National Institute. first National rv men; in the same way integrated National Statistics iolence against veys. ’s ve olicies of the Pr V National C Su ry Wo s and acceptable with speci
c modules for measuring violence against U, epo rt evious wo onments y on Vi omen, disaggr vey on Health and rights of Indigenous vey Pr ing of a detailed study on the contex vir tial sur egister and a r . ENDIREH aims at generating statistical data on the fr ve o. ur ct esumen_de_encuesta_mides egional and international lev teristics, tendencies and new expressions in federal entities, 1982 – , Santiago del Ester ty en e of the sur elopment of the RUCVCM INDEC took following ac omen, girls and yo men, with statistical evidence; from the violence perpetrated by tachments/Sec y of Cases tiv ey on Insecurity (ENSI, 2009) of the Citiz ovincial, municipal and/or local level in the countr olence – INA rv ouncil for Social P . Charac ovide data through mutual work commitments without complex bureaucratic pr Vi , pr en at the r ting statistical information on violence against w ers/ At paration of this r rt or the dev re rall objec . F digital/estadisticas.html), which offers ever ducation (SEP); S ve al/file/33876/1/r e and pr tors and determine its main charac , and ev omen in the public and private domains accor

rt esults obtained and has been the r ticular dynamic of the phenomenon violence against w y: the conceptual definitions, preparation of questionnaire, selec ca, La Rioja, Chaco of a United Uruguay; Nations P , by INEGI. Has a publication for each federal state entit y that allows the standardization of administrativ he o e: National Su ct ve outh Against vices for violence) or par T ted the study on femicide violence in Mexic ey on the Prevalence of Gender Based and Generational Violence (PENPVBGG) teristics, tendencies and new expressions in federal entities, 1982 – 2010”: y. ators for measuring violence against women whose information is of public access and an input f ent sec rv me n” mpetent Authorities in Relation to the Femicides Registered Mexico of LXI Legislature, i iolence in Mexico omen omen omen V Su ocessing and p y can adher y of Public E . Additionally INDEC together with CNM signed agr Co ffairs and the National Institute for Wo vices at the national teristics, have results of the National en and Y in the period 2013 – 2014, count . Charac .mx/biblioteca- .uy/innovapo y, or), among others elopment of a Single Registr eedom, health and life of wo tice in Mexico has been the condu g/~/media/Headqua micide omen under the National C viv fr y sheet al information. .gob eliability of the r omen conduc .gub W y, terization of a par Fe mx edible data on violence against w es en by the es W e been applied ar g. .ar doba, Salta, Catamar y hurdle of the sur ce: omen (ENVIM, 2006) and the National Sur egistr of Internal A tak or ork and the pr omen.or tim/sur elopment of a template guide for agencies to r W ry olence against e, punishment and eradication of violence against women. INMUJERES has provided on its website the Gender Indic a ions of the countr ouncil of Vi omising prac essions of violence against w .inmujer , to the institutional violence and homicide femicide. oduced cr .inmujer .unw .inegi.or .cnm.gov y; Unit Managing the Proje ent agencies and ser , 2008) by the Ministr ww nting ever ts the integrit he design and implementation of specialized sur y e was to analyse the femicide phenomenon in Mexic y; Minist tion System for Childr T ions Under www taking of the National ve www iv , the fieldw ovinces of C vation and charac reliable statistic ent expr y. ct ention ention tion of a single national registr onment ention ting system of speci
c indic , that pr tec view of the situation men and women in Mexico its evolution recent past. ention, car thus ensuring the r th Americ um ve r the first time in Urugua The Mexican State has been a pioneer in collec ro evalence of violence in the societ anorama of emicide violence in Mexico ev olence against om differ he National C egistration and a r http:// critics ci rc Ministr tion Agenc gender based violence in the differ (P pr registries (complaints, use of care ser held in g, Under Prev Measuring violence against w Fo CNM: www Southern Cone Urugua information, both at the local and national differ obser of the jurisdi ct fr the pr variables; iii) dev r identity of the vic of indicators to account for the phenomena violence against w September 2012 for the dev ha T Southern Cone Argentina Prev Measuring violence against w Crea http:// “F INEGI: www National Institute for obje ct 1985 – 2009. (Sour envir the A this affec Vi b) Another pr (ENVINOV INMUJERES, INEGI and UNIFEM, jointly with other institutions federal entity and their charac instruments that hav pr over experienced by women in the school, work and communi System of Statistical and Geographic Information. A complete analysis the results at national level by federal entit “P (http://w studies for measuring femicide violence. a) Measuring violence against w Crea Mexico Prev Nor polic y y y ersal ersal ersal tion tion tion ub region ub region ub region ransv ransv ransv S S Countr Theme T Theme T ac Promising experience Description More information S Countr ac Promising experience Description More information Promising experience Description More information ac Countr Theme T

64 65 . ed ’

” alent vices e for men, or s, vision t the iv wo olíticas , of the e is e should be jer). iudad Mujer ent or suffer olon, located educing the ‘C , ther vices to ims/su rv H with UNDP lcomes curr ewise, Ciudad ct ough the p ro “business costs of We etaria de P y of health also omen. ters of . Lik tners, but also on the ecr . As indicated in the Ciudad Mu ims of Sexual Assault GIZ) Gmb tin (San Salvador). A ( ct

ors can access those ser ample thr Vi x men (S y. iv ts that by 2019 ther omen ( araguay an Mar Wo omotion of interinstitutional ent specialised ser men e of Ciudad Mujer in C ed in a single space r opriate equipment and furnitur edic ogramme Chile omen and/or gender ed by their par UNDP (2015) . Wo ties or strangers. In 2015, created th nationwide health programmes ted the first study on tims/su rv of Public Health are able to provide free tims of sexual assault, omen in P usammenarbeit s sault ic licies for es for mane assistance to the vi omen, Pr Po e centraliz ovide differ In the first semester of 2015 inaugurated . In addition, the Ministr nta Ana and S s. the vic conduc W ty inst w e opening of the headquar entr lian State pr i ons and the pr i ors of violence against w i Sa omen a araguay and rn side of the countr oup; with appr e C r vice of the first centr omen: 734.8 US million dollars per annum, equiv e only operate with female staff viv own third par ’ vices ar ithin each head office of Ciudad Mujer n Car om w ernationale Z etariat on W ters of e against w lace that pr ry e, have been v The Braz ork in P ogramme tims of sexual violence, for e ors of violence against w hose ser tims/sur omes fr t für Int olence against men and the Minist ry viv e ag ainst w ed that with th ing to age g oach. t Netw iudad Muj er rd e one stop ser Wo ‘C ac “Reparato ra family by k eception spaces and hu , omen in the east oute, w appr ed in the pr , which are coordinated wi xt s of y of ry o violenc re tims/sur olv ehensiv tions acco inated with the CVS so that ag / , and not only c t critical r ge of the Special Secr v. rd er to the w he cent tors inv T ong ee sec . coo e, including a paediatrician. e module, and follow re . ey ac ork of compr ”) in char e car vices near omen in Brazil offer r oMujer Deutsche Gesellschaf vices to accommodate vic omen is str The Unit for Prevention of Vi ovide specialized care to the vic .education.go W olência omV ogramme officially begun with the opening , divided in thr C ehensiv Vi www ims of sexual violence, called an businesses lose a lot due t vices with a multidisciplina ears at the time of admission to centr ct his pr ouping of 14 State institutions in the same p T eliability and quality e against w Mujer and United Nations Global P ver sem aguay . ed ser specialists in child car Vi e of r ar , e is a gr om Vo , with regional coverage and located in the capital of each c t of violenc vices (one stop) to accommodate vic , among other strategic and k . vision of equipment and medical supplies for vulnerable populat ofessional s, (“Mulher en if applicable. ro omen living with HIV/AIDS and experience violence ent specializ t that ther gramme C re ser e” omen in Latin America - ro y omen older than 18 y are the one stop type of ser araguay W . Deutsche Gesellschaft für omen ” .p outh and Gender: http:// e ca , in an atmospher e c Y ors of sexual violence (current or past) by the stat , it is evident that P iolenc lparaíso and Bio onomic impac s, en accompanying their mothers .gov are for w ying out corresponding serological studies rt viv y of the Republic has expanded netw ors of intrafamily and sexual violence that a ork in P raguay viv rks jointly with the HIV/AIDS clinic to pr ated a new model for women vi ment of Usulután, on 30th September 2012. In 2013, opened the headquar .mujer re es of San Miguel and Morazán to bring the ser is due to the fac sidenc Wo r’ t Netw ors and their childr o this study e of childr re e iolence against ww tims/sur egions of Va ac V viv e for the first time, implemented compr ” tims/sur published in September 2015 which an analysis of estimated business costs violence aga .sv t. ucation, Spo ountries, the ec omen in Pa entr IZ) GmbH, Regional P y” hanks t e meant to cater for w duc omen .gob .br / , wher ro of Ed ntion of transmitting STDs and HIV/AIDS ork for comprehensiv ork of comprehensiv tims/sur opolitan r Ciudad Muje in both capitals Brasilia and Campo Grande. Houses for e for vic ve tad ombating omen: Living without V aragua ention and special c re he Crisis C nt State institutions involved in the critical path, which this case is a shor omen ar men: http://w “W omen in Brazil the 27 state capitals re are units for vic es in relation to the theme of care addressing violenc vice (SERNAM), has c oviral medications and carr Wo .sepm.gov W nt sexual assaults or legally prescribed, in the intrafamily sphere; e e model ‘ , inaugurated the centr VS W ed module on the car nt the transmission of HIV/AIDS and STDs, in situations sexual violence, Ministr eational purposes; staffed by a team of pr .ciudadmujer etr of re e in neighbouring c omen in P ve ess of the vic ear oss Domestic P s Ser ecr ry a usammenarbeit (G www .sernam.c l es within the same physical space differ men in Brazil” cur ogramme – C es) (SPM-PR) under the P The C tices in prev www y, grammes to car ust lik y antir o p re me n’

Wo tment of La Liber T “J www y and Antigua Barbud a y: y t, Wo perienc genc omen CVS in the metr ador omen). t and the United Nations Global P easil y. lv ention tion of specic c tion of a national netw tion of a national netw ex ugh the Programme tional Houses for for cases of intrafamily violence and sexual violence, p ticipation of the diffe ee w Sa raguay: Minist ro e success of the car VS W aragua aragua aragua exual assaults constitute one of the most serious forms violence against women. he Regional Pr o 2.39% of the Gr Ciudad Mujer: Antigua and Barbuda: Minist ry Pa end of this same y of emer spaces for discussing the p in the municipality of Usulután, depa rt ca re Antigua and Barbuda: T SERNAM: mo re Southern Cone and Anglophone Caribbean P Care Leading prac P in the depar launched p ro post-traumatic str thr educational and r during infanc Mujer has a specializ par (C to ensure that they are attended in a timely manner Southern Cone Chile Care Crea S National Th El Care Crea Central Americ func SPM-PR: http:// Business costs of violence against w oenders and sta that witness it. T t Internationale Z which centraliz documen “Houses for violence against w para as Mulher suppor Th Southern Cone Brazil Care Crea Southern Cone P Prev Measuring violence against w Measuring of business costs violence against w T y y y y ersal tion ub region ub region ub regions ub region ub region ransv S Countr Theme T ac Promising experience Description More information 6.2 Promising S Countr Theme Promising experience Description More information S Countr Theme Promising experience Description More information S Countr Theme Promising experience Description More information S Countries Theme Promising experience Description More information

66 67

t for ated , ess- tims ur n- c omen e c re ro men in Vi Co elop-

ry o imp rove T ten the dination Wo y and the es w . vice for es ness on ork envi omen and the e coor formance and re e second instance cognition of the W emicide Crimes and A), which contrib- , to shor t of Appeals on omen with the aim e about the status of , per ”which giv edistribution of tasks cess and coordinate tion System for e and w DISR our , r iv e for F ee 2145. ticles 19 and 21of the law ed judicial units ar en orphaned as a tec CO tim that identifies as men ease awa iolence against . By 2015 the Guatemalan , inquir ro ealm, the plan includes ters who speak and vices entr du ct Wo ork of full re ess the Judicial Units of in more than 54,383 cases re e established a territorial omen in all spher ro t, omen and the Criminal een the National Ser for iolence Against esident of the Judiciar W eoples ( eme Decr he Social Security Bank administers V bnational scope and dev y hav T ention and the family t. e the Ombudsman for Indigenous o combat impunity on femicide, and oceedings nce to childr omen, which will giv T hese specializ he Pr dance with ar omen and/or gender a T orking to incr T t. tion to addr formance of all judicial units with Ministerial Resolution on tolerance and the Justice C e technical assessments

, technical assistance, etc..). In 2011 the SEED d e w ons lik our t number of cases 16º of Supr In the education r

oint way betw ainst W nd other forms of V t. , ar ompaniment of a vic nce. cial Units on women, since 2011, the Public Minist omen and/or gender ces and to basic ser eated the Chamber of C rained to give comprehensive and specialized eate ls for Judicial management c ts of contrav ors of violence aga inst w outh in the formal education system, incorporating tio ns on a stage in the p ro iolence against ehensiv the IDPP has interp omen, in the framew

. In the economic, p nomic suppor ts of the countr m its establishmen our fessionalization of w n State has a National P V ed units on gender violence, which include addr de the per o ur viv s toco o c suppor ro DPP), in accor i or in ar liz I , c e the jurisdic al number 30. ro ed by the C v “P ewise, cr es the ac acism for Indigenou s P nts and y n compr iolence in a j ferr , ha lv e ess gender based violence seeking to ensur amily e against w tims can attend the pr V cuadoria , with national and su ts eated 29 Judi eral levant f der to gui vo Agreement 1-2010). tims/sur rights of w ovided f t of Justice, cr efence ( , econom e re re emicide Crimes a tors ti ve ors of come together to sign a eated specia , the E est of the d istric , adolesc tion and R e against w ces, to natural re viv y 2010 ( oduc , making the tot he r omen and F esenting 84% of the total tmental scope. eme Cour tions to addr conomic Independence and Citizenship T ouncil in or een families and the State. iolence and their families elevance in culturally W vices and technical assista epr y. esour epr y pension and a special family allow Supr ebruar , r ed violence cour esolution, the vic ouncil in 2013 cr tims/Sur , capacity building and pr c Discrimina tion r emicide and other forms o f ocesses of assistance i Vi The ims of V ultural r irst Instance for F . tments of Guatemala. Lik ct erment – E etention of girls oduc Vi is institution has cr In order to combat violence against e enterprises (trainings ough units that concentrate their ac emicide and other forms of violence ag n a series of ac The Institute of Public D s. iv Th ts of F ough this r ed financial ser . iolence against he Judicial C hr men V e no specializ T ta ke vice ise of sexual and r T . “Empow t. odu ct rc Wo eceiv cuadorian Justice System has sev e in this field xe ibunals. ts on e ther t pr Tr orking to build pr he E , adopted by the Judicial C rk, access to pr our T . ed e been fully completed , C oid impunity wo ommissions , Employment and Social Security ha ve tor with a national and depar gans d judicatur . tunities for access and r wise, promotes coordination relationships with other instituti irst Instance for Crimes of F Heritage SEED: y 2014 puts into operation a new unit tunities for education, training omoted the e orks ding to specialities thr omen within a homestead and betw , so that wher ke der to av sidential Commission Against re created in several depar y of which 68% r ional units tain conditions such as age, marital status and sufficient eco amily C ated the Criminal Cour ti ve equesting these ser re t of Appeal on Crimes F re ts of F erment and social labour integration of the vic ebruar y of W which came into operation on 24th F submitted a complain ed operation in the territorial constituenc y conditions to star , in or ors r oduc ts and Specializ o, our ve , pornography and sexual exploitation. Additionally ds ed Justice Or ork accor viv chological or any other following the violent situation, pr he personnel that make up this judicature have been sensitized and t our easing oppor omen, we vices and pr T omen, which only meets on second instance cases that ar omen and/or gender in the justice and security sec iolence (2009 – 2020), taking into account the four fundamental pillars tments of the Republic Guatemala. C ecor omen and F W V , psy W , and in F incr . W een men and w y ovisions of COIP ssed the requirements of free legal assistance and , in compliance with PIO has under y, tocol for Preferential Access to Housing the ttorney Generals Office, it is w tims/sur , among which 44,480 hav Criminal C ro , trafficking omen and access to decent en in Guatemala. Li

ogramme of Pr or s, d. omen or nuclear family members” ors and who ha e add re eates Specializ tunities iv vided in the C lution and opening oppor aint Lucia tion and decentraliz viv ro eplace the . vo hav ent rights olence against ry re t, ination with the Ministr erage of health ser t in the same fiel d. iolence Against dance to the pr .e c rd atment or therapy V he beneficiaries should fulfil cer .g t ently p ork of public and private institutions spec our tims/su rv t jurisdic omen, which harbours the speciali ze T omen, the Guatemalan State c tims/sur qual Oppor , which r ombat Gender Based ovinces in the countr W ts curr .gob tion in the family betw in need of interpreters, should be trained and sensitized personnel. In order to guarantee this, , in accor y .oj CSJ), created the Chamber of Cour otec ou p, en, the misdemeanour and multi-jurisdi ct ise of labour rights w eased the cov .justicia.gob e medical t re rc ed by the C y of Housing an Urbanization. ters, located in 8 of the 22 depar es in relation to the theme of redress violenc es in relation to the theme of punishment violenc www outh cour ersity of the count xe e in the education ode, adopted in 2009, cr ceiv y of Justice in coo ogramme to C www and pr tiv ts of the 19 pr omen. In this re eferr ess this type of violence. In the A as and claims of differ , re a orking with a netw iolence against men, incr re . of Justice ( in the work developed through Programme of Free Legal Aid to ganic C en and y ork schedules for vic . ors of violence economic or heritage the necessar r, ocess and get to know the vast number of r tionable protocols in the judicial eld e Deputy Minister for E e Bolivian State implemented the Pr e Ministr ffenses and other forms of Vi viv ou rt Since the adoption of Law Nº 18.850 2011, Uruguayan State granted a non contributor elopment and implementation of the P

Chile, Bolivia, Colombia and S tments of Guatemala, Chiquimula, Quetzaltenang omen and Childr Th Th Th omoted the e y, y: ion to addr W y of Justice: oceedings xperienc xperienc tnesses w , , in 24 distric Dev t valuation in cases of violence against w : ent legal a , pr ding child ca re tion of specialized units to address femicide in the justice sec tion of specialized units on violence against w eme C der to access justice the vic Wi men (DEMI), the Mayan Languages Academy of Guatemala, P men and the Ministr tims/sur micide Crimes and other Forms of micide O uador gar omen, childr he Judicial Or amily amily differ violence against w cultural and ethnic div on this matte the health of wo attention, just at that which is the gender perspec hearings to cases r Supr policies oriented to the eradication of female illiterac the Depar re ment other forms of violence against w Programme reached 3,753 women in 18 municipalities of the countr Bolivia: with the National Pr Bolivia: Fe vic their pr other forms of V Fe flexibility of w Wo Urugua consequence of domestic violence. these benefits Bolivia: of providing redress for the rights violate Chile Central Americ Guatemala Punishment Crea In or a management model that hinges on the distribution of w with each other Ministerio de Justicia: Andean, Southern Cone and Anglophone Caribbean Urugua Redress Implementation of measures aimed at economic empow Ministr understand 13 of the 22 Mayan languages spok ute to guaranteeing adequate attention the vic Wo exper jurisdi ct time of the pr ing crimes of intrafamily violence, sexual offenses and belonging to an ethnic gr F state had 10 headquar coverage by judicial surrogac composed of 79 judges with distric F w ment of ac T Andean Ec Punishment Crea y y ub regions ub region ub region S S Countr Theme Promising experience Description More information S Countr Theme Promising experience Description 6.3 Promising e Countries Theme Promising experience Description More information 6.4 Promising e

68 69

. men at ork ntrol , feeding and ed with , in this cas e, Co ed s Netw tors ugh judgements ro me n’ y housing Wo ocessing of agricultural , who hir , if this is maintained ers tion is 200% the value of ears t 1257 of 2008 and complement e and pr ee y uc ia Rural , feeding and housing for wo t L emption to business link t. tion f or employ egulation of Ac e amount of deduc of transpor Th sideration include temporar e health, justice and defence sec . t o f r n e gulates tax ex mum period of thr ye tunities in ag ricultur e par es for co , 2733, re gulated tax deduc e e gender vi olence situation is confirmed th .co ) ork oppor desamparadas Th oman emplo egulates the means .gov he measur st-n- mmissions in case s of domestic violence or the Judge to T , which re , and Gender Relations the S -e viding w he first dec re ro ices tim is a w T ee 2734 r ees 2733 and 2734 ar mily Co rv elationship and for a maxi es for consideration under th e passed Fa t 1257 of 2008. er .urnadecristal en-pa-s-no , whose vic ees w www y tation. Decr , Human Se ce: o decr -violencia- . Meanwhile, decr ellness de ees 4796 and 4799 of 2011. W t of the employment r es for granting measur tions spelled out in Ac ors of gender violence by p timas- t benefits olombia tw y decr iv -c ocedur es-v feeding and transpor y of Health, om the star g, egulator ims/su rv t tax deduc e and judicial authorities such as the ups vi ct / tims of violence in C ar or period fr gobierno/mujer g ro , education and justice, issued in December 2011. ’s ye centre ements to effec omen nments other than the family setting (Sour omen vic .bo/ crisis- equir ro .uy / y r t 1257 of 2008 and the r co/gestion- v. .gub es to guarantee their housin go tion of w es s such as health, housing and transpor ct .justicia.gob otec / rment of rural w .inmujer dance with Ac www ea of health, employment we .o rg /index.php/st-lucia- .urnadecrista l. www tment of Gender Relations under the Ministr .sernam.cl ww cessing). vices which will be granted by administrativ engthen the pr epar ee 2734 of 2012 establishes criteria, conditions and pr t to domestic violence, sexual harassment or physical injur www y of Justice: .unifemcar ees in the ar olice, in accor ors and adopted measur o p ro o str T viv The D tims of violence in aspe espec

ee 2733 establishes the necessar ds for situations of violence in envi tation ser s (agr .ngocaribbean.o rg ucia: www men vic tims/sur lombia: http://w . Lucia: odu ct omote economic empo St. L www Co Bolivia: Ministr Uruguay: INMUJERES: transpor Safeguar St pr Chile: SERNAM: pr the National P Meanwhile, Decr salaries and social benefits paid during the taxable passed in r wo other four decr risk. Decr vic Colombia: Prepared by the authors from consulted sources. Source: Más información

70 71 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 73 ------fulfil this mandate, the States signatories to the to signatories States the mandate, this fulfil formulated have of Belém do Pará Convention pre national plans to public policies and/or - end violence against wom punish and vent, variousen, with admittedly in the nuances In this context,region. the study has identified with the of countries accordance in 5 groups type violence that the policy of or national ac- national action a) Specific tion plan addresses: b) National plans on violence against women; action plans on domestic violence; c) National or action plans on gender violence; d) Policies compo specific a include that plans national and violence against women address nent to e) Countries a national action without plan on and/or gender. violence against women good newsThe is: between 2013 and 2016, 24 from grew the region years, in just three i.e. countries policies and/or nation- (74%) having spe they of whether were regardless al plans, women, violence against to addressing cific is There the region. 94% of representing 31, to also an observable the number in increment spe officially approved of countries that have cific national action plans on violence against 2016, in 15 9 countries to 2013 in from women, most impor The than in 2013. 66% more i.e. the number of countries to tant data relates of without a national action plan, regardless the type. In the number of countries 2013 in almost 30% of the this situation represented has in 2016 this percentage whereas total, reduction a implies which 6%, to reduced of almost 80%. In 8 of the 33 countries have national action address to plans formulated the Anglo gender violence (24%), all from phone Caribbean, and in 6 of the 33 countries violence address to (18%) the action strategies part and/or gender form against women of a the national policy into component integrated equality and gender, or the national plan for gender equality or equal opportunities. Only 2 officially of the 33 countries (6%) do not have vio national action address plans to approved - - - - - its implementation is very un- Belém do Pará, Violence against women is a serious violation against women Violence consequences with negative of human rights, their families and environments, women, for constituting community, and the surrounding - and full enjoy the recognition a hindrance to re including rights, human their of all ment - psycholog their physical, and their life spect for Belém of ical and moral integrity (Convention 33 countries). Although 32 of the in the do Pará Convention and ratified the signed have region of 33 that 24 of the has indicated Research even. on rely exclusively countries (73%) of the region all the (among which are laws ‘first generation’ Caribbean countries) the rights which protect of victims/survivors do to only with respect and mestic violence and/or intrafamily violence genera- ‘second enacted 9 of the 33 (27%) have of of expressions a range that classify laws tion’ public and in both the violence against women framed in private domain. Some countries have the new contextstheir legislation of criminal- such as drug trafficking ority, cyber crime and as violence against such expressions ‘new’ even in the contextwomen of armed politi- conflicts, cal violence or the crimes through committed and 16 coun- others, among many acid attacks, - the act criminalized of femi already tries have cide or feminicide. is a form that is not regulated a law However, violence of exercising way ‘silent’ and a of veto vio default, the State this time by the State, by the principles the rightslates established by which cannot be denied nor and guarantees and regulate; to default or failure by limited with the added effect these cannot be severed, blockageadditionally implies that this omission besides pro In will. this regard, legislative to frameworks, of the normative moting reforms encourages of Belém do Pará the Convention means, possible all by adopt, to Parties States oriented to policies that are and without delays, punishment and ending of vio the prevention, To III, Article (Chapter lence against women 8º). 7. Challenges and to end violenceto against women opportunities to implement policies 72 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 75 - - , which are jointly responsible for the the for jointly responsible , which are 47 of houses and temporary shelters for women of houses and temporary women for shelters Autonomous the and violence of situations in Municipal establish a percent Governments age (between on the 25% and 30% depending finance infrastructure to of people) number - of the Com and care equipment, maintenance Services Municipal Legal address prehensive to violence against women. Critical Issue 3: Weakness in the Weakness Issue 3: Critical and/or of policies continuity plans and fragmented national institutional response suffer Besides the lack of budget, the MAW of the authorities of rotation rate a high from on the effect which has a negative in charge, continuity and sustainability the policies of it is advisable In this regard, and programmes. in the social and debate a thorough initiate to parliamentary so that the fight against realms is not only a policy women violence toward variable in ac- in power, the government for the and platform political the with cordance - follow but rather, profile, official ideological that should be ing the example of Ecuador, policy state to elevated with a constitutional Instatus. the goal of eradicating this respect, should be indepen- violence against women the adapt to to having dent of political change, forming always times, the of demands social partof the of the agenda under the leadership and with the support of all government MAWs sectors double efforts to influence legislators/state of- effortsdouble to influence legislators/state design and implementation of pubic policies and implementation design On the other aimed at eliminating the scourge. have while some countries in the region hand, in the enactment of second- made progress countries still many are there generation laws, the that criminalize not enacted laws that have women against of violence variousexpressions a both in the private and public domain from In perspective. and inclusive comprehensive should re countries in the region this regard, ------were drawn that countries in the region did not not did countriesthat region the in drawn were violence to address items specific budget have made was that situation a women, against budgetaryconsidering reduced the worse allo was the information where the MAW, cations to picture has the Unfortunately, made available. veryis still information 2013: changed since not implemen- the for funding of sources scarce, vio address and/or plans to tation of policies pub still the scarce are lence against women the (MAW) bodies lic allocations to governing the organizations to cases, in some isolated or, vast ma- The participating in the critical path. jority do not allocate of countries in the region for the implementa- resources specific public address to tion of policies and/or national plans bottleneck Another violence against women. among donors coordination poor to is related in the field, and the impact of their investments policy priorities and on foreign based which are and girls. not on the main needs of women - twoleast at promis has recognized study This ing experiences in the field of public allocation first The scourge. combat the to of resources for the resources where Mexico, to corresponds DevelopmentNational the implementing Plan in the Budget contemplated (2013 – 2018) are 2015 The ary of the Federation. Expenditure fiscal Budget includes budgetary programmes Fed- departments of in the different and areas evaluated which are Administration, eral Public gender contribution their by to measured and practice cor second promising The equality. of Bolivia State the Plurinational to responds of the Act Nº 348 determines the roles where bodies and institutions that partici- different in its implementation and should modify pate for its funds specific and allocate budgets their - Nº 2145, reg Decree implementation. Supreme a Act Nº 348, allocates ulating comprehensive year and 10% from the first (30% for percentage Se Citizen for resources the of year) second the curity Departmentalof the Autonomous Gov- construction the ernmentsequipment and for - - - - sources for the formulation and implementation of policies and/or national plans and for the drafting and implementation of policies and/or national plans and for the formulation for sources on budgetary in 2013, conclusions little information the official sources With from matters of laws. One of the major obstacles identified in 2013 referred to the insufficient allocation of budgetary re referred One of the major obstacles identified in 2013 Critical issue 2: Inadequate budgetary resources to implement policies implement to budgetaryCritical issue 2: Inadequate resources and/or gender against women violence address to plans and/or national nize legislation and public policies to achieve the consistency achieve and public policies to In between the two legislation instruments. any nize as is the case of Costa that such harmonization guaranteed, it should be noted is not always case, its limitations, despite law, support is Rica there changes in the femicide where in not promoting has a high risk this debate because opening of undermining made. the achievements face some of the continue to in the region the States progress, the enumerated despite However, observed them. us review critical issues that were in 2013. Let the political leadership of the strengthen to issue 1: Need Critical in the Women of the Advancement for Institutional Mechanisms of the region countries women,against violence of growth the reverse Itto reportedwidely been order in that already has governance. and efficient effective is need for there say, that is to and be strong, must be present States sufficient leadership should have Women of Institutional the Advancement do this, Mechanisms for To budgetary and more negotiate to resources; political agreements; achieve that will enable them to in the structures of the State. anchored that are cultural resistances and violent patriarchal address to doeswomen against violence on policies and legislation effective implement to responsibility The but a higher institutional hierarchy the advancement of women, not only lie with the mechanism for the helps articulateof such a mechanism without doubt the subject for to matter sectoral responses situation is particularlyThe serious An- especially the among Caribbean countries, various institutions. we As institutional hierarchy. with low the majority of MAW glophone Caribbean, represents which institutional hierarchy between the low correlation is a statistically significant there in the study, noted institutional capacity of the Caribbean, its limited and the absence of interinstitutional co of the MAW public addition to in way, a coordinated in violence against women address mechanisms to ordination suspended in time. of which are many instruments, policies that bear no consistency legislative with interinstitutional created have MAW with strengthened experience that states shows regional The institutional hier with high level organizations by integrated mechanisms which are coordination and policies laws expeditiously approve allies to strategic have them to which has enabled archy, frameworks; the gender institutional and open dialogue channels and/or national plans; strengthen best practices, share to identify their needs, women organizations, specifically with with civil society, into demands their transform durable links to establish and proposals their to listen ideas, innovative responses. effective lence against women and/or gender, both from the Anglophone Caribbean. Finally, with regard with regard Caribbean. the Anglophone Finally, both from and/or gender, lence against women the consistency 14 of the 31 countries in to in the between policies, and public instruments legal observable of the type) is there action a national plan (regardless that have consistency (45%) region harmoneed to is there half the cases, than more slightly in 17 of the 31 countries (55%), i.e. whereas 74 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 77 - - . 49 (See section 6.4 Promising experiences of redress for violence against against for violence of redress experiences (See6.4 Promising section ing the social conditions for a life free of violence against women lies in education and deepen- of violence against women free a life ing the social conditions for violence includes working that prevent to ing the theme of prevention, with men and children experiences promising are there evidenced, the MDGs 2016. As by as proposed against women, of educational such as the design on the theme of prevention, the countries of the region from of cur adaptations stereotypes; patternssexist cultural and patriarchal transform to programmes and discriminatoryand sexist symbols riculumimages, violence content, promote messages that sensitiza- campaigns, prevention in books and texts materials, against women and in teaching by and/or dissemination on violence against women awareness tion, dissemination, advocacy, and in some of women seeking groups include in the messages the traditionally excluded to adopting Paraguay), Guatemala, the indigenous languages (Honduras, countries to translated in line equality and gender equity and non discriminatoryintercultural, However, approaches. and UNICEF on prevention Women report UN from regional recent in the with what was stated and girls in the educational context,in the additional effortof violence against women is needed, protective strategies, educational specific harmonization, policies, educational legislative of field interinsti - strengthening as evaluation,and statistics well as research, measures, punishment and coordination tutional and intersector – National Prosecutor of Peru Peru of Prosecutor National – and/or gender). women that patterns cultural of patriarchal issue 5: Persistence Critical against women violence normalize which cultural patterns, of patriarchal persistence the from suffer continues to the region Finally, of inequality inequity and relationships on historically betweenwomen, men and founded are constructions, and symbolic belief systems mandates, religions, customs, in traditions, rooted his- “taking power” to responds In system the patriarchal among other factors. the political field, gender impacted of public policies that address the management who have men, torically by is consensus built between keyThere in particular. women issues in general and violence against - “feel prevail there in the countrieshas been established, with whom dialogue of MAW informants on the part the importance of the political leaders who downplay of gender ings of indifference” the phenom- invisibility to This demands and do not incorporate them in the political agenda. of this it. A clear indicator it normalizes effect: one undesired has enon of violence against women as mentioned MAW, of budgetary finance the mandate situation is the low allocation to resource and civil the States from a serious in the region debate is still need for there In this regard, above. of violence the scourge seriously to address social transformation the need for society around rights and non-discrimination. the universal to and its relation against women is consensus among officials interviewedThere creat in 2016 that the both in 2013 and to key ...... in Latin against women “Violence States. of the United and Prevention for Disease Control and the Centre PAHO out by carried study is part48. ENDEMAIN of the comparative 2014. DC. PAHO, Washington, of 12 countries”. data of population analysis Comparative and the Caribbean: America document. Working and the Caribbean. America of Latin in 14 countries practices Promissory context. in the educational and girls against women of violence 49. Prevention 2015. UNICEF. Women, UN Women. against Violence End to Secretary Nations Campaign Generals United - - - . The other promising promising other The . 48 practice is that of Peru through the creation of the creation through practice is that of Peru the CriminalObservatory Ministry Public of the There are no serious possibilities of designing are There projects legislative or proposing public policies the needs of society to that correspond if they Alternadata. - statistical reliable have not do use administrative countries in the region tively, the in- these do not measure However, records. and there against women cidence of violence know us to extent do not allow the real fore the data it collects because for of the problem each service certain to corresponds - insti needs, tutional objectives and specific competencies, counteract the To among other disadvantages. weakness systems, current in the measurement advanced the incorporasome countries- have againsttion of a specific module on violence surveys, in other reception such as thewomen Surveys and Health Demographic (DHS), citizen a minor cost in com- victimization, etc., security, surveysparison the specialized to (Mexico and some countries take ad- Additionally, Ecuador). through records vantage of the administrative such as records procedures statistical rigorous based surveys (Argentina). is field in this example practicalA promising objectives One of the of the that of Ecuador. Violence Eradicating Gender for National Plan “Sys- is to Women and Youth Children, toward (...) information qualitative develop tematically - reli counting and providing which facilitates public and private institutions for able data to of policies (...)”. and implementation the design state in 2012, different this objective, achieve To sectors participated and imple in the design mentation of the National Survey Family on against Violence Relations and Gender based survey a specialized measuring vio for Women, is the whose precursor lence against women, and Maternal Demographic Infant and Health for carriedSurvey, the Centre out in 2004 by and Social Development (CEPAR Population in Spanish) and locally know the by acronym ENDEMAIN acronym - - ficials, lawyers and the media to build legislative to build legislative and the media lawyers ficials, new contexts to of criminalagendas adapted - ity and with special emphasis on the needs and women in situations of of requirements specific high social vulnerability: women, indigenous ethnic from women women, afrodescendant girls and adolescents, minorities, and religious living with adult and elderly women women, lesbians, or refugees, women HIV/AIDS, migrant among transsexuals and transgender women, is possible but should transition This others. challenge the most conservative and resistant it is important to Therefore, change. to groups political and social allies and take advan- have “theopportunity”openedof in windows of tage and with governments periods of progressive majority parliamentarians of change in favour line-upto proposals. reformist the Critical issue 4: Information issue 4: Information Critical of measurement and systems against women violence is the in the region Another serious problem periodicand mea- systematic reliable, of lack ofincidence and prevalence the of surement surveys Specialized violence against women. to not suf- are violence against women measure in with exceptions region, ficiently used in the as has been mentioned in thesome countries, mainly is this and practices, promising identified theof one is it although cost, high their to due reliable methods of mea- and most effective the cost,only not is problem the But surement. but also rather the fact that measuring violence part does not form against women of the func- of the National Institions and responsibilities - col- for responsible which are of Statistics, tutes Inlecting at the national level. this information statistics the use of Guidelines to produce regard, surveys Statistical against women: on violence (United Nations Department and So of Economic Statistics Division, 2014) and the inter cial Affairs sectoral work Institutions with National Statistics be strengthen. field should in this advance to 76 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 79 - cial groups and that the MAW participate parliamentary in on legislation influence commissions to MAW and that the cial groups together teams technical this purpose it is important that the MAW For issues. traditionally invisible ac- and non state state and public a map of social organizations change”create for “allies with the the most influence to arguments based on convincing proposals change; formulate to resistant tors violence Deutsche such as costs of actors, Gesellschaft resistant Zusammenarbeit fürInternationale Network in Paraguay United Nations Global Pact and ComVoMujer GmbH, Regional Programme (GIZ) of the theme to in relation experiences Promising in section 6.1 experiences 2015 in Promising and UNDP, implement actions and and/or gender); design at rais- aimed against women of violence prevention dialogue their speeches; and open spaces for legitimize conservative to to groups ing awareness on inequality and discrimination founded who hide behind positions who have “unveil”those to in the countries of the region. violence against women naturalized It is therefore important of conservative aimed at breakingIt the resistance advance strategies to so is therefore 78 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 81 ) ) omen omen W W omen and olence olence omen omen

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b qual Oppor qual Oppor Gen ) ) dd ogramme (2013-2018 re re W W an an ve e la violenc e la violenc ro l ntion, Car ntion, Car l d ntion and Eradication of Domestic ntion and Eradication o e e iolence against n tion and Assistance to the tion and Assistance to the ombat om re iolence against or E V ve ve or the P ve ve f V f nt, Care, Punish and End nt, Care, Punish and End ) ontr ontr omen to Access a Life F omen to Access a Life F tion Plan to Eliminate Gender-Based tion P y on Gender E y on Gen t to Addr t to A re re tec re re tec hts P ic ve ve W W e c e c g l ogramme for the P ogramme ac ac ogramme for the P e and P ogramme e and P ro ro ment P ment P ment Plan (2013-2018 olic o re re or P P an to E an to C ic Ac p p p l l l f ombat g o 2010-2012 2014-2018 o omen Liv omen Liv y for Gender E e Plan to Guarantee e Pr y for Gender E e Plan to Guarantee e Pr e Pr e Pr l l y for P y y for y for ( ( P e ic P l elopment Plan (2009-2030) e elopment Plan (2013-2018) elopment Plan (2007-2012) elopment Plan (2013-2018) e elopment Plan (2013-2018) elo W W or the P bl tion Plan for the National P f tion Plan against y to P y to P ogramme for E ogramme ogramme for the P ogramme olic olic olic olic u olic iolence (2011-2016) olic 2004-2014 tion Plan to End Gender-Based tion P ) ( V tion Plan for the P tion Plan on tion Plan for the P Dev P Dev Strat l

l l olic olic l omen (2010-2012) omen (2014-2018) omen omen Nationa ) or Sexual Harassment and Rape (PLANOVI Mujer 2010-2015 or Sexual Harassment and ehensiv ehensiv ehensiv ehensiv ehensiv ehensiv f d W W W W ic Ac Nationa g d y and/or national plan to address violence against w y and/or national plan tion Plan of the National P e ogramme ogramme ompr ompr ompr ompr ompr ompr ond National Plan to C Nationa Nationa Nationa Secon Nationa afficking and the P afficking and the P olic ) National Pr econ ) National Dev ) C trat he Bahamas National Strategic Plan to Addr amilies for Sexual Harassment and Rape (PLANOVI Mujer 2010-2015) amilies for Sexual Harassment amilies ) National Pr ) National Dev ) National Pr 2009-2015 Plan National de lutt PLANOVI a) National P b) National Dev c) National Strategic Ac T Strategic Ac (2014-2015) c) National Ac (2009-2015) a) National P b) National Ac b) National P a) National Dev National Ac National Ac a) National Public P b) C National Plan for the Eradication of Gender b) Pr a) Second National P National Ac i) National Human Rights Pr National P Against c) National Dev d) National Pr e) C Against f Tr a) National Dev b) C (PLANOVI) (2004-2014) National Plan to C National Plan for the P F a) National P b) Ac Intrafamily National Plan for Car a) II National Plan for Gender E a) II National Plan for Gender b) Strategic Plan for the P b) Strategic Plan for the (Plan National de lutt Sec b) Pr a) b) C a b) National P ( S a) National P b) c) P S ( National Plan for Car F National Plan ( a) b) C Against c d e Against f Tr i) National Human Ri National P a) y o eru uador P Haiti Chile gentina Brazil Mexic olombia osta Rica Ec Jamaica Barbuda Republic Countr Bahamas C Honduras Ar C Nicaragua Dominican Guatemala El Salvador Antigua and 8.1. 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From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 85

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y Countr omen W of Advancement the for Mechanisms Institutional e ebsit W 8.4 Websites of the Institutional Mechanisms for the Advancement of the Advancement the Institutional Mechanisms for of Websites 8.4 country. 17/10/2015 and 17/01/2016, by between consulted Women Violence against Women and Girls: http://www.endvawnow.org (Sections “Legislation Module”and Module”and “Legislation (Sections Girls: and http://www.endvawnow.org Women against Violence “Major Initiatives”). Accountability the Caribbean Community Office and State Portal for - Strengthening Women UN in the Caribbean: http://www.unifemcar.org Violence Ending Gender-Based Action for - http://www.unwomen.org/es Portal Women UN Development Sustainable Department Nations Division for United and Social of Economic Affairs. Secretariat - https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/ Building 84 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean 87 UNDP partners with people, at all levels of societies, to help building nations thatnations building help to partnersUNDP societies, of levels all at people, with all. for the quality of life improve to boost and sustain growth can withstand crises, than a global perspective in more and local ground offer on the knowledge We nations and build resilient lives help empower 170 countries to and territories, gender equality to the and dedicated is the UN organization Women UN Women UN and girls, women for A global champion of women. empowerment UN worldwide. needs their meeting on progress accelerate to established was supports achieving for Women UN Member as they set global standards States laws, and civil society and works design with governments to gender equality, and services It programmes implement these standards. policies, needed to on five participation equal focusing all aspects in life, of behind women’s stands and participation; leadership ending violence priority women’s increasing areas: in all aspects women of peace and security engaging against women; processes; and making economic empowerment; gender equality enhancing women’s also Women UN planning and budgeting. national development central to work in advancing gender equality. the UN system’s and promotes coordinates 86 From Commitment to Action: Policies to End Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Regional Analysis Document

With the support of In the framework of