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PUBLIC DISCLOSURE AUTHORISED CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT BANK COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT (CGA) GRENADA (FINAL VERSION) The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Caribbean Development Bank or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. Prepared by: Dr. Rawwida Baksh RAWWIDA BAKSH AND ASSOCIATES JANUARY 2014 2014 2013 COUNTRYCOUNTRY G ENDERGENDER ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT (CGA) GRENADA (FINAL VERSION) DOMINICA PRESENTED TO THE CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (CDB) AND MINISTRY OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING GOVERNMENT OF GRENADA DR. RAWWIDA BAKSH RawwidaCaribbea nBaksh Development and Associates Bank October 2013 DR. RAWWIDA BAKSH Rawwida Baksh and Associates January 2014 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Grenada Country Gender Assessment (CGA) was commissioned by the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), as part of an initiative to conduct ten CGAs in the Bank’s borrowing member countries in 2012- 2014, in implementing its 2008 Gender Equality Policy and Operational Strategy (GEPOS). This strategic undertaking will not only inform CDB’s support to the specific borrowing member countries, but also contribute to advancing gender equality in the Caribbean region. We would like to thank staff members of CDB for their support and feedback during the project, and extend special thanks to Dr. Carolina Ferracini and Ms. Denise Noel-DeBique. The Government of Grenada played a pivotal role in the research process. The Government agreed to the use of data and information gathered in preparation of its Gender Equality Policy and Action Plan (GEPAP) in this Grenada Country Gender Assessment, which were being undertaken simultaneously. We offer deep gratitude to Hon. Delma Thomas, Minister of Social Development and Housing (MoSD); Ms. Barbara Charles, Permanent Secretary, MoSD; Mr. Timothy Antoine, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Finance and Energy, Economic Development, Trade, Planning and Cooperatives; and Ms. Elaine Henry-McQueen, Senior Programme Officer, Division of Gender and Family Affairs, MOSD for their leadership and commitment to the conceptualization, research and consultative process. While it is not possible to name individuals, our sincere appreciation is extended to the Management Team, MOSD; and the Technical Committee and Working Group established to facilitate the development of the Gender Equality Policy and Action Plan. Members of the Technical Committee provided statistical data from various Ministries across the public sector. The Working Group assisted with the organization of the sector, area and national consultations. And both the Technical Committee and Working Group participated in a 1-day meeting to review, provide critical feedback, and put forward policy objectives and measures/interventions based on the draft Grenada CGA. Staff members of the Division of Gender and Family Affairs played a critical role in both the GEPAP and CGA processes, and we would like to mention in particular Ms. Jicinta Alexis, Ms. Alice Victor and Mr. Maurice Cox. We are especially grateful to the men, women and young persons in Grenada who participated in the sector, area and national consultations as well as the focus group meetings and individual interviews held in preparation of the GEPAP and Grenada CGA. We wish to thank members of the Caribbean CGA expert team (Ms. Linnette Vassell, Dr. Caroline Allen Ms. Tamara Huggins and Ms. Lebrechtta Nana Oye Hesse-Bayne), a community of learning and practice, who have been involved in conducting seven CGAs in Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. They have participated in conceptualizing the research project, provided research support, and offering critical feedback. Mention needs to be made of Ms. Aleah Ranjitsingh and Ms. Diane Cummins, who were involved in the early stages. Finally, we are grateful to Dr. Hyacinth Skervin for organizational and research assistance with the focus group meetings and individual interviews in preparation of the Grenada CGA, Ms. Aleah Ranjitsingh for editorial assistance, and Mr. Randy Lall for administrative assistance. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................ 3 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ............................................................................................................................... 5 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................................................................... 7 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 9 2.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 9 3.0 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................12 PART I .................................................................................................................................................................16 4.0 STATISTICAL GENDER PROFILE ........................................................................................................16 5.0 COUNTRY GENDER PROFILE ...........................................................................................................23 5.1 GENDER AND THE ECONOMY ......................................................................................................20 5.1.1 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……26 5.1.2 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………26 5.2 GENDER AND PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT……………………………………………………………………………27 5.2.1 Agriculture and Agri–business ........................................................................... ………………………….27 5.2.2 Agricultural Economic Models used in Grenada………………………………………………………………………..….. 31 5.2.3 Tourism and Eco–Tourism .............................................................................................................34 5.2.4 Gender, Access to property, Assets and Productive Resources .......................................................37 5.2.5 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..39 5.2.6 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………41 5.3 GENDER AND POVERTY REDUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………..42 5.3.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..44 5.3.2 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………45 5.4 GENDER, ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE………………………………………………..45 5.4.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..46 5.4.2 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………47 5.5 GENDER, EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT ...................................................................................48 5.5.1 Gender, Employment and Labour.…………………………………………………………………………………………………48 5.5.2 Gender, Education and Training…………………………………………………………………………………………………….52 5.5.1 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….64 5.5.2 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..66 5.6 GENDER, HEALTH AND WELL-BEING.............................................................................................66 5.6.1 Conclusion……………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………......68 5.6.2 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..69 5.7 GENDER, VIOLENCE AND CRIME ............................................. ……………………………………………………70 5.7.1 Conclusion……………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...74 5.7.2 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..75 5.8 GENDER AND DECISION–MAKING .............................................................................................. 745 5.8.1 Conclusion……………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...78 5.8.2 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..79 5.9 GENDER, CULTURE AND SOCIALIZATION………………………………………………………………………………………79 5.9.1 Conclusion……………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...80 3 5.9.2 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..81 PART II ................................................................................................................................................................81 6.0 INTERNATIONAL, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR ADVANCING GENDER EQUALITY ...............81 6.1 INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL COMMITMENTS FOR PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY……………………….81 6.2 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY ................................................... 823 6.3 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY ....... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6.4 THE NATIONAL GENDER POLICY ............................................................................................................86 6.5 GENDER EQUALITY COMMITMENTS IN NATIONAL AND SECTORAL POLICIES ........................................ 867 6.6 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…88 6.7 RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….89 7.0 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND CAPACITY FOR GENDER MAINSTREAMING ...............................89