Arboreal Eloquence First World War Memorial Avenues Jo-anne Morgan (PhD), University of Canterbury, NZ

Sheffield, England • Historical context

• General development

• Hidden diversity

• Dualism

• How the trees were loved , , Nelson’s Column, London, UK TO THE MEMORY OF 2162 OFFICERS, NON-COMD.OFFICERS AND PRIVATES OF THE BRIGADE OF GUARDS WHO FELL DURING THE WAR WITH RUSSIA 1854-5-6 ERECTED BY THEIR COMRADES

Crimean War Memorial, London, UK Cass School students in Omaha, Arbor Day 1901 Central Park, NY, USA Peace Avenue, Fairlie, New Zealand Horsham, Australia Victoria High School, Victoria, BC, Canada, 20 April 1917 Australian soldiers having their lunch by the side of the road with French children in 1916 Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Australia Next of Kin Memorial Avenue, Saskatoon, Canada Oamaru, New Zealand Des Moines Memorial drive, USA Newstead, Victoria, Australia Memorial avenue planted from Meyer Boulevard to 75th Street to 440 men and one woman of Kansas City

Oamaru, New Zealand Family Group, 27 July 1918, , Tasmania, Australia Planting on Nepean Highway at Highett, Victoria, Australia, 1916 Sam Crisp and party lend a hand 6 July, 1918, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Wickens Family, Mercury, Tasmania, Australia Lads from the Boys Home, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia 18 July, 1918 Des Moines Memorial Drive, planting the American Elm trees along the Living Road of Remembrance 1922 Family gathered at tree for Pte Hurst, February 1919, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Next-of-Kin Memorial Avenue, Saskatoon, Canada,1948 Greytown Soldiers Memorial Park, New Zealand

Oamaru, New Zealand Point Walter, Bicton, Australia Kings Park, Perth, Australia

Oamaru, New Zealand Riddell Estate, near the village of Lilliesleaf, Roxburghshire, Scotland Lime Plane Oak Elm Conifers Holly Totara Gum Wattle The Soldier’s Walk, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Soldier’s Walk, Queen’s Domain, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Eumundi, Queensland, Australia, 1920 O’Connell Memorial Avenue, Australia Mt Macedon Avenue of Honour, Victoria, Australia 9-10,000,000

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7-9,000,000

Anzac Day, 25 April 2017, Christchurch, New Zealand