Creswick Shire Heritage Study Team Consisted of R,Ester I Tropman' Wendy ,Jacobs, Chris Mcconville and Richard

T I i CRESWICK SHIRE HERITAGE t^[ STUDY t^ ] I

ki lt.i I ^.. -'-ii ;'' i,nk Ir- I II I

T I I I I report I a on Creswick's Built and Environmental Heritage t- I

- ':i': CRESWICK SETRE EERITAGE STUDY

CRESWICK SHTRE, VICTORTA

A STUDY OF IIIE BUILT AND EM/TRONMENTAL EERITAGE OF CRESWTCK SBIRE

Prepared for

NATIONAL ESTATE COMMITTEE (vrcToRrA) and SETRE OF CRESWICK

LESTER TROPIIAII & ASSOCIAIES WENDY \'ACOBS CERTS McCo!IVILLE RICSARD ATTKEN

DECEMBER 1990 t t t t CRESWICK SBIRE EERITAGE STUDY t Contents I AcknowJ.edg'ements T Introduction

Sumnary of Recommendations t Section 1 Creswick Eistory T Section 2 Bui1t Eeritage t Section 3 Landscape Eeritage Section 4 Bibtiography I t schedule one proposed additions to or retention on the Eistoric BuiJ.dings Reg,ister, or the Governnent Buildings negiiter. I Schedule Two proposed additions to tbe Register of tbe National Estate I

Building Citation Index Volunes 1 E 2 T

Appendix A - Volumes 1 & 2 (seperate documents) I t t I I -l I I Acknowledgenents T

The creswick Shire Heritage study team consisted of r,ester I Tropman' wendy ,Jacobs, chris Mcconville and Richard. Aitken. The historicar anarysis was undertaken by chris Mcconvirle. The T built heritage analysis was undertaken by wendy .Tacobs and Mary Grant with assistance from Lester Tropman and Richard Aitken. t The Landscape assessment and. anarysis was und.ertaken by Lester Tropman with assi-stance from Richard Aitken. Co-ordination and management of the study was undertaken by Lester Tropman and T Associates.

I The study team would rike to acknowledge the input received from the following:

I Steering Committee Members: Cr Jim Elsworth - Chairperson cr Pearl Mj.lrane T - chairperson and shire president 19g9 Cr Brendan Rayner - Shire president 1990 Cr Roger Cossar Cr Bil-l Rofe I Cr George Sanders Mr Bruce crago - shlre secretary and secretary of the Steering Commj-ttee. T Dr David Dunstan - Nationar Estate committee. Mrs ,.Toy McCann - National Estate Committee. I Mr Bruce Andrews - Shlre Englneer. Mrs Jean Baker - Librarian, School of Forestry. Meldrum Burrows p/L - planning Consultants. T The late Mr Harry Barclay - Resident. Mr Peter Butters - secretary Ballarat Historicar Society. Mr Tom Evans - Resi.dent. Mrs Kate Kell_y - City of Ballarat Library. I Mr Ben Lockyer - Resident. Mr D Ritchie - Resident. Mr .Iack SeweLl - Resident. T Ms Alice Stafford. Mr ,.Iohn Vernon - Architect,, Ballarat. Mr Andrew Ward - Architectural Historian. T t t I I I fntroduction T

This study was commissioned by the vj-ctoria National Estate committee and i.s part of the Nationar Estate program LggT /eg. I j-s rt written in accordance with the study brief as adopted by the steering committee on 15th Aprir 1999 and confirmed by I council on 8th May L989. The study area is the shire of Creswick, Victoria. I

This study aims to identify, evaluat,e and document the built T and environmental heritage of the shire of creswick and to place it within the context of the hj_story of victoria, and to assess the importance of the shire r s heri.tage and its I integration into the general planning framework of the shire. I The work was undertaken through detaj-led thematic historical analysis with lnput from 1oca1 hj.storians; site inspections of T the shirers buj-ldlngs, landscape and context; research.Lng council records and mappj-ng resources; researchlng fires of the T Ministry of planning and Environment; and wlth considerable discussi-ons with various local resi.dents. T This report firstly presents a succlnct summary of reconmendatj_ons detaiLed in the study ; then details the I hj-story of Creswick Shire (Section 1.0); fol_lowed by a detailed anarysis of the built heritage of creswick through a proposed. breakdown of Conservati-on Areas into identifiable precincts I (section j-ncl-udj-ng 2.0) , an existing condj_tions survey of 605 buildings (Appendix A - vols 1 & 2l; and concludes with an I assessment of the landscape heritage of creswick and appropriate Landscape planning Guidelines to conserve this I (section 3.0). This report also incrudes proposed. additions to or retention on the Historic Buildings Register or the I Government Buildings Register (schedule one), and, proposed additions to the Register of the National Estate (scheduLe T Two) .

I I Surnmary of Recommendations That Planning controls be placed on'Historic Buj-ldings not t on the Register of Historic Buildings ' I That any demolition, alteration or additions to scheduled buildings within designated Heritage Precincts require I permits. That broad guidelines similar to those developed for other I historic shires be developed to guide the administration of these controls for each Heritage Precinct and buildi'ng I type. I That new bulldings within Herltage Precincts be carefully assessed to minimise impact on the character of the area'

I That landscape planning guidelines shouLd respect the rural and past mining activities and be concerned with; the siting of buildings or earth works; the design of works; the relationship to existing buildings of landscape elements; bullding elements; landscape works; devel-opment of land for Hobby Farms; on-site waste disposal'

That Development controls be developed for particular I indivldual townships or areas for the continuation and retention of their special landscape characteristics.

It is recommended that a heritage adviser be apppointed to advise council on building and landscape development control in sensitive areas of heritage significance. I I

T Section 1 Creswick Eistory I I t I I

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i I t I I Section 1 t Creswick Eistory Contents T

Ilistorica]. Themes 1 T Synopsis L

Chapter 2 4 t Squatters 4 Fi.rst arrivals .t John Hepburn 5 The reminders pastoralism I of o

Cbapter 3 7 I GoId rushes 7 GoId and grazing 7 The miner's llfe 9 I The minlng envlronment 10 Cb,apter 4 13 Deep leads 13 T The deep lead economy 13 From alluvj-aI to deep lead mining L4 The Berry system 15 I Mines and politics 16 The great mining disaster L7 Deep lead mines and Creswj.ck L9 T Cbapter 5 2L Farmers 2L The farming I landscape 21, Creswick and land selection 22 Farming settlements 22 Agrj-cultural change 24 I Farm buildings 25

Chapter 6 27 T The forests 27 Timber splitters and the diminshing forests 28 The state and forest protecti-on 29 T A forestry science 31 Tourism 34 Summary 35 T I

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Chapter 7 Urban Cb,aracter 36 Town buildings 36 t The housj-ng stock 36 PubIic buildings 38 Creswick town 39 Commercial buildings 4L I Buildings and social life 4L Politics 42 Local politics 45 t Creswj-ck and the mining landscape 45

Chapter 8 48 t Creswick and the outsi-de world 48 Creswick and Ballarat 48 Railways 50 I Conclus ion 54 History and the materj-al- worl-d 54 I

T t I I I I I I I I I I t t I Eistorical Tbemes Synopsis

I Although best known as a gord.-mining town the history of creswick is a product of severar other aspects of economic I life. As well the modern-day Creswick reflects additional- and i-mportant social and polit,ical themes. Many of these are registered t in one way or another in the buildings and l_and-use patt,erns stil1 visible in the shire.

T Gold mining remains a key force shaping the present appearance of creswick but more especiarly the rater stages of gold I mining through deep lead systems and then through reworking of ord fields have created the shire $re see today. The decrine of t mining coincided with ploneering efforts in woodland management and the forest sci.ences, acti_vities important in the area from the middre of the nineteenth century. The town I of creswick ltself is a model smalr town and the buildlngs express a strong social and community life datlng from the I years after the initial gold rushes. The rai.lways and transport routes through the shire refrect the rinks with a I wider Victoriar €rs does the attempt to create a rocal tourist i-ndustry. Local streams have been dammed and diverted and I their water used for domestic, farming and industrial activities. More recently the shire has had a role as a part of the urban fringe of Ballarat. rn poritical history the area t has had strong connections with earry attempts to organise trade unions and branches of the Australian Labor party. There I are also some rennants of the pre-gord phase of land use in grazing. After the decline of alLuvial gold, creswick became t one part of victoria in which i-ntensive smal_l-scale agriculture hras practised.. As an agriculturar area it stirl has much of the character of successful intensive smarl- T farmi-ng; climate and soi-l gave creswi.ck a stronger base for an agri-cu1tural economy than existed in otd nining areas further T north.

T t I t To the north of Ballarat the Dividing Range declines into small-er groups of hi11s. The highest of these rise to where' I occasionally, peaks are dusted by winter snows. These ranges are still forested, Sometimes with native vegetation at other I times with ptanted pine forests. Purther away from these central peaks the hi1ls are bare and rounded with sing1e rows t of cypress or hawthorn running towards each smoothed height. Between such peculiar rounded hills the agricultural land of I Creswick is divided into sma]I farms each again marked by stands of exotic trees and lines of hedges. Closely sPrinkled across the farmlands are the Small towns of the shire, many of I them with striking buildings seemingly too grand for such small towns. In Allendale and Kingston, a few houses lj-ne main roads I overshadowed by Stands of elms and conifers. A small hall and school and basalt churches are the key buildings. In Dean and t Newlyn, simple low huts stand facing road!{ays. The centre of Dean is marked by a broad wooden hall and memorial gates Ieading up a long drive to the School. A cross road at Smeaton I is faced by the Cumberland HoteL, a former but,cherrs shop and an old bank. In Creswick ltself, a broader and richer townscape I appears. Here the central street, runs into a town sguare with bandstand and red brick post office. A Salvation Army cltadel I once again in red brick, a Masonic Lodge and the bulk of the Borough HaII face this open area, all of t,hem at odd angles. I Hotels and double-storey Victorian shops stand along a commercial strip, looking across to where the l-and falls away, down to the valley of the Creswick Creek. Beyond this valley I the gardens and the buildings of the Creswick Forest,ry School can be seen. I Emerging from this central core of Creswick the road north runs between cottages and a church, Past the monuments of the I Creswick cemetery and onto a broad flat plain, with the mounds of mi-nes in the distance. This is a unique landscape. Green and I wet for much of the year' its creeks and lakes, hedges and stands of trees combine in a more European than Australian I landscape. The towns have more solid and richer buildings than I t I I others i-n Vi-ctoria. while the farmland with its bare hir-rs and mounds of mini-ng waste or occasionarly T flanked by a ruined mine plant make up a distinctive industrial vista. The character of creswick bears the marks of a history extending from the I arrivar of the first pastoralists, through the various strages of mining and small-farming to the link between towns and the embryonic Australian I forestry i_ndustry. This is a varied and rich landscape, one worthy of protection so that its essential character i-s T not r-ost in the future. The history presented here Eraces the centra] themes represented by the buildings and the t landscape in contemporary Creswick. I I I t

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T I t t I --- n

. Cbapter I Squatters

In Treweeks Road, Creswick, stands hand-made bricks. Its curious unga: grander plan on the part of the bu: never realised. This is the forrner Langdon, one of the first Europeanr Shire and to run stock on its open

north of the shi-re stands another < squatters, Smeaton House, occupied Hepburn family. Sgr-ratters seized sr native people, living first of all then expansive complexes, complete quarters and farm sheds. These becz life in a wilderness. Creswick is t examples of the homes of these firs lf the woodland, through which thei vanished. First arrivals

While Creswick is best known as a g part in many other aspects of Victo 1840s, pastoral_ists with flocks of around creswick. The coghilr brothers had sgr:atted on l_and at Grendaruel and the Learmonths had a hord on grazing country I and Lakes to the west. william ..Bj-g,, clarke took up land at Dowling Forest, near the present township of Ascot.l erobably the best-known of the 1oca1 pastoralists, John Hepburn finally settled at smeaton Hil1. Hepburn, John Gardj_ner and Joseph I Hawdon were among the first to bring stock from New south wales overland to what became victoria.2 Hepburn chose a run at what he called Smeaton Hirl and in Lg4.g built a house for

1 These holdings reached marginally into today's Creswick. 2 .fohn Graham, Early Creswick:the first century. Creswick 1987 (reprint) p. 15. I I himself there, smeaton House. rn smeaton House and the Hepburn t Graveyard, the Hepburn fami-Iy left two of the important historical sites in Creswick.3 t ,fob,n Eepburn t John Hepburn had an unusuar background for someone who was to join the pastoral ascendancy of western victoria. He had spent 2L years at sea rising from cabin boy to Ship,s Master. Befriended by John Gardj.ner, one of the first overranders, Hepburn sold his ship the AJ.rce in sydney and then decided to try his luck in coastar shipping. This business faired. when Hepburn suffered a string of illnesses and John Gardiner had littIe difficurty convj-ncing him to reave the sea and, invest in Austrarian li.vestock ."r knocked myself up from over- exertion", Hepburn recalled of his coastal shipping days. His ship the ceres had sunk with everything on board lost. "Neptune had given me my discharge and. wourd have nothing more t to do with r're", wrote the prospective pastoralista. Leaving behind the loss of his ship he travelled overland with Hawdon t and Gardiner. Like others before and after them they folrowed. the "Major's Line", the route of Major Thomas Mitchell's I exploration into "Austrarj-a Fellx". After crossing the Great Dividing Range they turned to travel north again and explored the northern fringe of the fertile western plains until they met uP with the Coghill brothers already settled at Glendaruel and G1endonald. They then came in contact with the Learmonths who had taken up land around Dowling Forest and other sguatters, rrvine and Birch, who held runs near seven Hi1ls.

Hepburn took up smeaton Hill on l-5 April 1939. He remained a dominant local figure and much of the l-andform near smeacon can sti-Il be seen as a result of his rand management. some t years after Hepburn, John and charles creswick grabbed rand to Mark Richmond,"Count,ry town growth in south-eastern Australia: three regional studies 1861-1891', ph D AI{u 1969.pp.420 f,f. and iI.A. Graharn, t The Creswiek'Gravmnar Sehool nistory, Melbouine 1940. I. Selby (ed.), Thomas Bride: Letters from Victorian pioneersr I Melbourne 1983, reprint. I I I the south j-n forested country around a fast-flowing stream.5 Their Creswick Creek run stretched through the centre of T todayrs shire and it eventually gave a name to the goldfield i- dj-scovered along the banks of the creek. t-I t Th,e reminders of pastoralism

t Elsewhere in central Vi-ctoria, pastoral runs were guickly t broken up by diggers and the pastoral-ists lost their grip on lr rocal Life. rn creswick the pastorar pioneers remained t significant long after gord. The original squatters managed to I gain freehol-d and lease out sections of their estates co I tenant farmers. rn smeaton House we have a reminder of the L later works of the pastoralists. While such land.marks survj-ved I their broader worrd has gone. The squatters' initial journeys l:' back and I forth across the plains and forests of the shire have I to be imagined. Most of the trees and grasses of pre-European t settlement were destroyed, along with the social order of the [, Iocal people. t t Thls early pastoral landscape has little in common wlth the present appearance of the shire. pastorarists made few changes I to the land, apart from importing grasses. Their stock artered I the locar plant hierarchy and occasionally the sgr-ratter or his t ex-convict workmen put up shelters or dammed streams. But the I major marks they left on the randscape came much later when I they buirt substantiar homes and outbuildings, like Smeaton House; when they established orchards and planted English t trees in windbreaks or ornamental avenues. These changes in vegetation, taking prace over more than half a century, are among'st the principar remj-nders of the nineteenth-century I pastorar economy in the shire. As the victorian wheat bel_t moved north during the 1870s and LggOs, the local graziers and t their tenants were left free to shape creswick along the imagined li.nes of an Engrish shire. The hedge-rows around I fierds and the tight clusters of conifers and deciduous E,rees are reminders of these efforts. I

r C.E. Sayers, (ed.), Letters from Victorian pioneersr pp. 57-g3. I t I Chapt Gold iusbes ]E :::.'' rrr?-. qescribingr t the lives of the V 1850s, gold-mlners of the wi],liam Howitt advised t t €nterprise ought hoplng to join their t to practise by month in a coal plt, workingr a a stone guarry folLowed and finally klng a flfty-foot well t clear out a space T r-n a wet si feet by twenty feet deep bog. Howitt may miners have ex ed the demands on I but for the diggers early who r into Creswick in the T 1850s this was a timely mi.ners war In a few years gold had fur:rowed through the I Iand of f s, torn up the grazing I squatters and hurled soil t- Nowadays little op of vegetati-on. I remains of t their ish exertions. The gold rushes of the 1g50s gave I birth to and to the municipality of Creswick; but of rkings, for all the I effort imagined by observers T E,ohrns Like tt, Iittle remains. The and the few remnants of in the forest mine es and puddling wheels comprise ..the scant toiJ. of thousands 1 y of the back-breaking of eager men, It :. E,OWn .-.:ir$fr-r; t nders of the modern l,I Gold and g,razing l; Yet, as elsewhere t central l' in V. oria, gold dj-scoveries the 1g50s broke the -Iived opoly of the graziers on local land and indeed Ir" ictori story. The oriqinal run of the Creswick brothe gold $9s kn s Creswick's Creek. When diggers rushed tor and .larat 1850s a few broke off It crossed the Great nanfle Gold was di.scovered .ttnn to rhis creek valIey. on Creek Run in IgS2. Creswick had fj_rst been nentlonj ;wick's lL .|.s-suatting in December 1852 in accounts of the run BaIl aFparentlY miners travelling from Clunes *:Jo"-6 It den point had tried their luck 5 on mining in the Ballarat tt- lgreneral]-y see Weston, Bate, Melbourne tg7g, chs. t t' t I around Creswick. But, in comparison with Ballarat, Creswick did not rank highly in the minds of gold-seekers. ft wasnrt I untj-I L854 that increasing numbers of diggers poured j-nto the field. By then, tents lined the valley along Slaty Creek to T Long Point, with diggings at varj-ous poj-nts along the creek valley (to the east of Lhe shopping centre of Creswick today) t Other parties of miners worked in the gullies between Creswick I and Ballarat. Miners seemed to move continually between the I BaLlarat fields and those to the north around Creswick and I Clunes. By January 1855 the population had peaked at somewhere li between 25 000-30 000.7 T Three leads entered the Creswick area, the Perseverance Lead, t the Black Lead richer and drj-er than the others, and the Red I Streak Lead. Together they formed United Lead running through the Spring Hill mining district.s while the Spring Hill Leads I were not worked until the 1870s through deep sinking, the southern portions of these leads had attracted alluvj-al t diggers many of whom arrived in 1854, when, as the Eureka I Uprising demonstrated, miners were starting to find the going t tough on the shal-low leads of East Ballarat. Creswlck's t aIluvj-al gold lay guite close to the surface and could be I reached most of the time by digging to less than twenty I metres. As the alluvial riches of Ballarat were exhausted and miners had to form companies and sink deep shafts, the t independent miners seized on nearby Creswick. I Between L852 and 1854, Creswick was rushed by thousands of I miners forming the nucleus of the present town. The first town survey was made in August l-854. Although at one stage the t town's population reached beyond 25 000 Creswick was, along with other gold fields, subject to sudden and unpredictable fluctuations before the eventual slow decline of the 1860s. I After the initial rush there were sudden waves of miners t- coming from Ballarat to boost local numbers. For example, 1n t t ,John Graham, Earlv Creswick, first published L942, reprint Creswick I L987, p. 49. Thi A June 1858 'f- mini4ffievi.ved after de { fie-l-ds of Golden Point near Batllrat. when Richar T wercome discovered the uug-g.ii'the spectacular fi hordes to r. creswick. pj'' creswick's new 1g55 maxi Iation of 25 000 had I and from then feen up tro 1 At this"eaciGa lation stabilised. ''"t.g" creswlck hras very ,f concentrations mu town. High I of Chinese miners different character ishmen gave a rI to creswick a developed. The narrowness tinct Chlnatown T of cresw Iocation of grold deposits k VaIIey and the caused t lement to be strungt :f out, fraqmenting urban sub_cenEres. gold town I straggled al_or rly the two leads t joined. rhe rj:":ffJ:':n":.::: here the : end of this town and Chinese ca.mP at the I were other. and mine workings jurnbled in between. 9 t Wj-th the purchase of land for government buil_dings (the I court hou k-up and Police station) Creswick town was re-cent €F^n rha nragk bed I t, and on high ground. v !!vrll Most of the gold sought {, by Creswi":.,Jrlrviar miners was located sr:ire crose ro I instant rhe surrace. Ylil':: as etsewhere,er.sewrrere, thisrh wealth -,r^o;- ::': ""-;;;.. rown, rakins ;r*i;:1Tff::"1_.o.:"liners deserred rhe -f,L, Beaufort,Eeaurortr ofeE l,[ furtherfurtho- north-^-!L a,- arrn^- lli'11"":I:::".[;.'"rrEy t stayed::::::":I;;::"1":o"," in creswick, puddling through d=n"uo" of earth left dissers. Bv l'. trrt. .i"i.-'rste wete ress rhantrldrr rour!v'! thousand:::::-:':"t on the fields 'lF""r"ss I in c eopulation growth and mining erere onry revived ,rrtt"tt"n'the folfowing decade by deep lead tL minesminc< runFrih by'^-- heavilyL . capitari!-Jo'"*";;": lhe miner,s life tl The free-wheeling miner,s lii ;the 1950s was far different from that enjoyed by either or Ioyees of a rnining company TI Chinese fosslckers in creswick the $nd 1870s. 6raham's Early reproduces a 13 "..i." rviews wlEh some of the ttI 9 I rbid, pp. l' 4g-G6 - I t 10 t first miners on the Creswick fie1d. Most of these recollections paint a similar picture. Recreations for most t seemed not to range beyond wrestling competitions (usuatly pitting Irishmen against Cornishmen, headed by the Williams T boys from St. Just), practical jokes, the occasional dance and some music haII act at one of the local pubs, like the "White Swan" on the Melbourne Road, nicknamed the "Dirty Duck".10 the T enormous energy demanded by alluvial mining left little to be devoted to a rich cultural 1ife. Miners formed i-nto small I groups and worked at digging and washing dirt. As one old digger recoll-ected. "Men do not work as they did in the early t days. Then we baled day and night,. sometj-mes we worked eighteen hours at, a stretch tiII we could scarcely move our arms. "11 I

lhe mining environment T Many old miners recalled the way t,he town took shape around their shafts and tents. one miner remembered the main street t in Creswick, Albert Street, when it was "rj-ddled with shafts', and became impassabre in wet weather. Another remembered the t first school and baker's shop at Cabbage Tree Gully, set in the midst of a paths "labyrinth . the like sheep tracks T threaded their way through the innumerable shafts and dense growth. It was dangerous to walk at night time and many tragedies occurred through people falling into abandoned t holes".12 Diggers pictured their envj-ronment j-n terms of the leads around them, Nuggetty Gully, Frenchman's Lead, etc. I Their minds were fixed on their 1ead, gully or claim and it took some years for any sense of a wider communj-ty to broaden horizons. I

Beyond the network of leads, mj-ners grrew familiar with the I tracks in and out of the diggings. The tracks to Melbourne and to Ballarat were important in enabling newcomers to orient t 10 lbi.d, pp.262-266. 11 rxidrp. 256; interview with Harry williarns, LgL2, first printed in the l Creswick Advertiser. 12 Advertiser interviews.

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themselves to the diggings. Anongst buildings the most T significant l-andmarks seemed to be the simple hoteLs scattered across the diggings, of which few remnants survi-ve. The town of Creswick had no post office until L855 and only with an t official survey in L854 and the order brought by the surveyor and the government camp did Creswick take on the features I recognisable today. Alexander Hunter left a description of the first government camp.

I I may state that when I arrived there in 7853 titl consisted of a Targe tent for the Comrnjssjoner and I aTongside jt one for Lydiard . behind was that of CaJ-Lan Brackenbury's other servant (who had acted in a t simil.ar capacity for Charles Dickens) and his wife and a J,ittJ.e sl.ab hut in which I cooked. Behind the Latter t was my tent and close to it the Sergeant's. To the l-eft of that looking towards Spring HilI was an old slab building with a bark roof used as a Tock-up where I the prisoners were confined, handcuffed and placed in charge of a sentry . Brackenbury would never aLJ.ow I any erections to obstruct the view in front of his tent, desiring a clear coutse for the escort when it I was passing aTong Commissjoner's F-l.at and fording the creek. 13

I The camp, for aII its roughness, brought a sense of order and during the later 1850s, rudiments of a settled town appeared T amidst the chaos of the diggings. A police lock-up, more substantial hotels and some larger stores and private houses T were placed in the main streets. Some of the shafts along the surveyed streets were filled. For the most part, Creswick's I built environment was the work of the 1850s and beyond. The hectic few years of the alluvial rushes are marked by lr remnants of shafts to the south of Creswick, the street pattern of the town and a handful of buildings which have survived to the present; made more valuable because they are T

13 rxi a I 4. I I L2 I so rare. Probably the most important nining work of the non- capitalised diggers is the Smokeytown l{ater Race. This was I built by Chinese diggers in 1870 and ran for 14 mil-es commencing near Sawpit Rd Springrmount ompleted in L872, it included flumes across several creeks om Powell used it t ?,: during the depression. In L936 it was cleaned out and reused by 1ocaI miners Cliff Slade and Bob PoIIack. Miners were I stopped from using this ingenious handiwork because they were sending too much sludge into the Creswick Creek.14 Beyond such t later works, the miners gullies, tracks pits and sluj-ces have been flattened and planted makJ-ng few puddling pits t- over, the and mounds of waste the last few reminders of the wi1d, llvely t and dangerous days of digging. t t t t t I I I t t t I 14 Depart,ment of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Historic Places Branch, "Notes on water Race", publicity sheet. t L3 T

Cbapter 4 Deep leads

The road linking Creswick and Kingston runs east between the rolling volcanic hills so typical of the shire. In the valley dividing these bare humps are set out, almost as signposts along a trail, the barren mounds left where miners piled up t mullock and washdirt. Un1ike the smaller heaps left by a1luvial mj.ners in the forests, these piled wastes tower above the remnants of buildings, two and ttrree-storey brick shells once boiler houses or mine offices. The t,owns too have thelr remnants of mlning. There is, for example, the bluestone gold offlce with lts heavy shutters in Creswick or the scattered houses, the post office, school and footings of hotel and Wesleyan church Ln Allenda1e, a town created by minlng.

lhe deep lead economy

Deep lead mines constructed thls landscape; mines capitalised in Ballarat so that miners could reach the buried rlvers of gold which ran through the shj.re. While romantic diggtng tales recall the firSt sudden rush which exhausted itself after a few years frantlc burrowlng, deep leads $rere dug slowly and methodically, sometj-mes abandoned but usually returned to so that for decades a steady flow of wages and dividends fostered a service economy j-n Creswick. During the years in which the Berry system produced regular returns, Creswick 1ed the way for the whole of the Australian mining industry. Today, whereas the alluvj-al rushes have left only small traces on the Iand, the remnants of deep-lead mining are famj-liar landmarks in the shape of Creswick Shire. By the end of the 1850s, miners in nearby Ballarat tunnelled deep into guartz rock in search of gold. Gradually, independent miners found themselves ousted by companies with expensive equipment and a paid work force. These firms sought t the gold in deep leads - the old river beds at several hundred feet beneath the surface of the land. By the 18?0s even these I I 1^ IA t mines showed smaller profits in Ballarat at least. rn Lg'70, LBTL and 1872 yierds of gold in the Ballarat region averaged t more than 150 000 ounces.l5 production fe1l by more than hal_f j-n the years that followed. when mining revived in the j-ggOs it was largely due to new fj-erds opened. up in the creswick t area. I rn the first detailed study of the victorian gold fields, Geoffrey Serle wrote of Creswick that it was ..largely populated by distingruished foreign owners, broken-down gentremen and others incapable of the labour and perseverance necessary to any chance of success in the deep sinkj-ngs of t Barlarat-.15 This may well have been true of the shire in the 1860s when the energetic among the diggers went off to I Moliagur or Beaufort and investors wit,h capital had t,heir eyes on Bendlgo or Ballarat. Nevertheless there were ner/'t I dj-scoveries in the 18?0s. rn the 1880s creswick became the key gold fierd in Australia. Now that the towns associated with this minlng boom have all but disappeared, the giant mounds of t the Berry deep lead system stilr make one of the most striking t 1- landforms in the country. The scratchings of the first diggers I are often hidden in forest or croaked by farmland. rn contrast, mullock heaps scraped from shafts and drives in the I north of the shire stand as enduring reminders of the reading rore taken by creswick in the l-ater history of Australian mining. t From alluvial to deep lead nining I Through the 1860s and 18?0s arluvial miners routinely dug over ord leads in creswick. Their numbers d.windled and few saw any t great future in local mining. But in the Broomfierd Gul1y discovery, old diggers sudd.enly saw a bright new future. From I L877 onwards the leads to north of spring Hill promoted a new phase of rnj-ning though one favouring men with good lines of I credit rather than those able to dig shafts all day rong.

15 I w. Bate, Lucky Citg, Melbourne 197g, p. 193. 16 e . Serle, The Go]den Age. I I 15

In L872 L.R. Carter, Sarah and Edward Brawn and William Graham I struck a read near Broomfield. A local bank manager, A. Lewers opened his land to mining. within a year, twenty companies T were surveying, taking up reases and working on shafts to reach the deep gold leads of the Creswj_ck area. Martj-n I Loughrin, a trader on the Balrarat Exchange, with his frj-end. william Bailey bought the 6 00O-acre seven Hills Estate. carefully marketing their find, Loughlin and his partners T promoted the spring Hills Lead. The mines arong this lead created new mining towns:- Broomfield, warlacetown and t Allenda1e. Creswick itself boomed and became one of the twelve most populous centres outside Melbourne. unrike the mines of I the 1850s these all had shafts sunk to great depth, t,hey depended on owners who had capitaL to j.nvest j_n machinery to I dig and support shafts and to crush and extract the gord, and they employed large workforces on broad mining leases rather than on a small miner's right claim. Mining revived but with a T new social and economic structure, much different from that of the L850s. A new era had begrun as the vibrant mining economy I of the 1880s changed both the society and the environmenL of Creswick. lT I lbe Berry systen t Locar mining centred on the Berry deep lead system. on this field, the Madame Berry mine outdistanced aIl others as miners took from it more than L2 000 ounces of go1d.18 claimed as T the richest of all Australi-an mines by the Creswick Advertiser in December 1883, the mine yielded 800 ounces in the first week t in which the lead was struck. The Madame Berry returned f,2 944 in royalties in 1881 and then in r}gz and 1g93, tgT 69G and t f-69 255. Before ceasing producti-on it paid out nearly one million pounds to shareholders.19 The mine had been firsc t L7 For g'eneral reference to the deep lead system see c.J. Davey, ..Deep lead mining, Victoria, Australia,,. t 18 Serle, Golden Aqe. 19 Charles Fahey, The Berry Deep Leads: an historieal assessment, Historic Places Branch, Conservation, Forests and Lands 19g6, p.g. T t I I bored in May L879. The shaft was bottomed in september 1880 and the first, dividend paid out in April L881. By then the t mine employed 250 men working below the surface. Other successful mines on the fietd included the Ristori and the Lone Hand. Thirteen of the mines produced more than 2 000 lbs t of gold in their brief existence in the j_8?0s and L880s. I These lucrative enterprises encouraged a string of smaller mines. Many of the later companies ran into difficurty, often I failing to find a way through drift to gold 1eads and more frequently being unable to rid their shafts of water. Sti1l, to anyone passing through the shire, these mines must have I made an impressive sight. The huge beam engines, the squat brick engine houses and the stamping machines and towering I poppet heads marked the valleys and plains near Smeaton and Kingston. The mines created new towns and a rarge work force. I They seemed to signal a secure future for the shire. yet, today little remains of them. Most of the machinery has been moved and it is only the surviving mine dumps of wash and I nurrock and the remnants of brick and stone engine houses which remind us of a decade in which creswick led the mining T industry. Mines and politics I By the 1890s this phase was ending. yet the mines did give I rise to the poritical career of a future victori.an premier. Alexander Peacock was born j-n creswick in 186i- and had gone to I the rocar grammar school. He later worked there as a teacher and then went to Allendare to manage the affairs of Mr Dibdin, an important mining investor. Largely through peacock's T influence, the northern mines in the fierd, - the Madame Berry west, the west Berry consols and the Berry consols Extended - t were kept as working concerns. They launched peacock on a successfur political career, first as a member for Arlendale, I later as a Minister of Labour and urtimately as premier of Victoria (L90L-2; L9L4-L7; and 19241.20 His success was I 2o rbid, p.35. t I I L7 matched by other important changes in politics. Creswick gave I birth to the miners' uni-ons of Australia and to one of the first great mj-ning leaders, W.G. Spence. After strikes on the Berry deep lead, Spence buil-t up wider unj.on alliances which I eventually gave rise to the Australian Workers Union.21 t Peacock's polj-tical fortunes rose as those of his mining constituents fell. From the turn of the century many of the I mines cl-osed and by the time of the First World War, surface sluicing replaced deep lead shaft mining. Attempts were made to re-open the mines during the depression of the 1930s. t Generall-y these seem to have been defeated by a combination of flooding (intensified from the L880s because there were fewer I mines working), Iack of experienced underground miners and the inability of miners to mechanise a labour-intensive I industry.22 The Berry Leads Company, formed j-n 1933 to work at Allendale faiIed.23 although the company located a lead, it proved too narrow to be worked profitably. Allenda1e itself T has almost disappeared and there are now few traces of the flourishing township of the 1880s. The town is marked today by t street plantings of exotj-c trees. These are a twentieth- century addition and only the school, a former timber yard and I estate agency and a post and telegraph office remain from the mining heyday. T Tbe great nining disaster I rf the riches of its mines made creswick famous, this national standing must be balanced against the shire,s link to one of the great tragedies of the 1880s ,,Australi_a's worst gold I mining dj-saster". Deep lead mini-ng in creswick extended close to creswick itserf and at North creswick a syndicate had T formed in L875 to tap the leads. This company sank shafts in the New Australasian Mine but by the beginning of the 18g0s I 21 "Reco.der", June 1958, newsletter of ctte Australian society for tlre I .,o "trdy of labour history. I o' J.H.w. Mcceorge, Buried rivers of gold, Melbourne L965, pp.85-87. Quoted in Fahey, The Berry Deep Leads, p.31. 23 I Mines Department of Victoria, Deep Leads of lli.qteria, Melbourne 1937. I 18 found that water constantry held up mining. As a resurt, the company directors fel-t unable to promise any real return to investors. rn 1880, the mine manager, George Dougras, warned his directors about the strong flows of water in the shafts and decided to hold back on excavation until the water problem could be gotten in hand.

Douglas died in L882 before he had reaIly launched this scheme and a new manager william Nichoras decided to press on with drives from the No 2 shaft towards the original No.l shaft of the mine, a shaft closed for some time because of uncontrollabre flows of water. on L2 December Lgg2, water flooded in on men working the night shift.24 whire some miners made it to the surface others were trapped below ground. Days of frantic rescue attempts saved some men. Eventually rescue parties began bringing bodies up the shaft, twenty two in arr. The locaI paper recorded the frantic efforts at rescue

From nidnight on tlednesday bairing was kept up and, Little occurred to rel-ieve the suspense of those waiting at the mouth of the shaft for tidings during the earry and weary hours of the morning . . . at intervals gangs of men expTored the drive and returned with the same depressing reports . about eveEy two hours during the night attempts were made to penetrate the workings without success.25 when two men were eventually abre to struggle up from the mine, they brought great cheers and more families from Creswick rushed to the scene. Eventually after other survivors were brought up, the captain of the shift, Hodges, appeared at the shaft head. His son was stirl beLow and. ..his dejection at once gave rise to the worst fears,,. on his announcing that arr those still below were d.ead t 24 t.U. WilliamS, niary of a disaster:the new Australasian Mine Tragecly Creswick 1882. Maryborough 19g2. t 25 Allendare. Smeaton and Kingston Telegraph, 15 December 1gg2. t I 19 a bitter waiL went up . the reaction was terrible the scene that foJ-7owed was one never to be effaced from the memory of those who witnessed jt . at one moment wives, children and relatirzes were wild with joy the next they were cast down with inconsolable grief and their feelings found vent in a wait of agony.26

On the same day as this report, Creswj.ck townsfolk lined. up I along the route of the funeral cortege of the dead miners. Four thousand relatives and workmates walked in a sombre t procession from the mine site to the cemetery at North creswlck. Another fift,een thousand watched in sirence. Local people raj.sed T a charity fund. An official ingr:iry exonerated the company arthough widows and a mother of some of those killed tried to take the mine owners to court. Eventually, local opinion forced them to withdraw and some of the women left t,he district. The tragedy seemed to hang over creswick, especlally in the depressed 1890s. rn 1909, when most of the local mj-nes had closed and their workers drifted away, a simple obelisk was erected in the creswick cemetery to mark the tragedy.2l This monument and the mine dump itself remain I near the railway line in North Creswick. I Deep lead nines and Creswick Deep lead mining had created new settrements in the margins of the shire. They gave temporary work to many and made lasting fortunes for a few. Yet within forty years of the rise of the Berry Deep Leads System potential miners investors were warned by the Creswj.ck Advertiser to read the Mjnrng l4anual.

Its pages are sprinkled with derelicts ho_Les in the T - ground that ate up gold but never produced. There is no Lure Tike the prospect of gold. Men have always been I ready to Teave everlrthingi - home, friends, family - to I folTow the golden trail. Human l-ife and human happiness 26 rbid. 21 9lilliams, Dairy of a disaster, p. 72. I I 20 t- I have been spent recklessly in the effort to win the earth's gold treasures, whiTe behind the army of t pioneers stood a Tegrion of speculators always ready to r:sk their aJ-I on the promise of EI Dorado.28 I And probably with some recollection of the great disaster of the New Australasian, the reporter added that in Creswick I "most of the early burials were of miners and their wives". Deep lead mining brought fame to Creswick and a terrj-ble disaster from which the miningr community never fully t recovered. I t I

t I I I I I I I I 28 creswick Advertiser, 13 January 1920.

L_ li tt- 2L

Cbapter 5 T Farmers T Mi-ning, for all its glamour and promi-se, proved an unstabre economic base for the shire. rn the 1g90s many miners reft for I new finds in western Australia. ord diggers and some chinese still scavenged on the alluviar fields around creswick. By then, however, former I miners had turned to agricurture or a combinati-on of farming and, fossicking. Mention has arread.y I been made of the extensive holdings of the first pastoralists in creswick. The other side to rocal_ primary industry is to be seen in the many smalr farms and almost vilrage-rike rural t settlements in the shire. t lbe farming J'andscape The roads of creswick run past smarr farmhouses, many of them I survivi-ng from the nineteenth century, si-mpre, row wooden buildings. rn ot,her parts of Vlctorla these wourd be the only buildings to remind us of the farmers of the nineteenth century. rn creswick there are more telring monuments, the enormous smeaton Mil1 for exampre. Arso in creswick, the ll farmhouses sit in landscape a of small paddocks often marked out by rows of imported conifers or hawthorn hedges, more t English than typically Australian.

Land for farmi.ng was sord 1n creswlck soon T after the gold discoveries- several large landhorders retalned tenant farms and these estates survi-ved. Lnto the twentieth century. t Creswick farmlng thus pre-dates the Land. Selection Acts and at the same time was characterised. by the reratively unusual practi-ce t of rarge groups of tenant farmers. Farmlands around Dean and Kingston are amongst some of the earliest small farms in victori.a. The southern T sections of creswick shire in the 1850s were essentiarry given over to men who tried to keep up mining while they ran a few cows and chooks on twenty acres. I They might welr have tried a bit of wood cutting and timber I tr-

t- I l- 22 t gathering on the side.29 Local agriculture was also distinctive in that it depended on several crops and livestock I economies, from grains to stock_fattening and the renowned I potato farms of the Dean area. I Creswick and land selection t. t I The first successfur farmers in creswick concentrated. on grain crops. changes in rand selection regulations brought dri_er areas in northern Victoria int,o cultivation in the 1g70s, land I better suited to grain crops than the damp environment of creswick. As a resurt, through the r.g?Os local farmers turned I to alternatives of wheat or oats. As the graln belt shifted to the north of the colony, the paddocks of the shire were given I over to stock raising. The many stands of conifer and other exot,ic trees, the lines of hawthorn hedge and the barns and iron sheds refrect this Later period in farming in the shire. t rn both its grain-growing and stock-raisi-ng phases, creswick was characterised by the smal-r scale of agriculture. The I cottages of the first mi-ners turned farmers, the barns and t brick farmhouses of later mixed farms and the processing prants I like the smeaton Mirl along with the European trees and hedges give a distinctive pattern to the non-urban parts of I the shire. whir-e none of these erements are unigr-re to creswick, together they form a distinctive randscape, a testimony to the economic staple, which together with mining I sustained nineteenth-century Creswick. Farming settJ.ementE I

Dividing watercourses and hil-ls meant that the landscape of I creswick included several small settlements scattered across gullies and around the forest. From the 1g60s onwards this sprinkre I of hamrets together with surrounding small farms was extended in land regrurations whi-ch encouraged smarl parcers of Iand. t Compared to northern Victoria, .a climate amenable co snaIl scare agricurturar prod.uction sustained this t 29 l,tark .Country Richmond, t,own growth in south-eastern Australia: three regional studies, 1961-1991-, Ph D AI\IU 1969. l t l-' ti- tr 23 characteristic of the shire. These marks in the contemporary ti landscape include the smarr scare of subdivision' t'he smarr settlements scattered. through the shire which once served tr- Iocal farmers and the many small cottiges with few large outbuildings more common in northern Victorj.a. Lines of trees' fences and the remains of houses and sheds are reminders of ti these generations of farmer-miners. lt Creswick's first land sales were held |n 1854. Up to 1891, of the available freehold land, 553 lots had been brought by 340 purchasers. Of these only L43 were multiple purchasers. lr Creswick in 189L had 30 people to the square mile.3O There had been very little speculation or combining of blocks. Since, l much of the land was thought to produce gold it was reserved from sale.31 As a result the farming landscape was composed T of smalI scat.tered blocks with llttle consolidation into broad-aCre grazing runs or single crop farms. In contrast to I other rural parts of Australia, it was still a shire of small farms. The breaking uP of the shire by hills, minlng leases and forest meant that many smaLl sett.Lements served farmers; towns like Kingston, Dean or Newlyn aII provided specialised services t,o a small local grouP of farmers. By 1891, there t were distinct farmlng zones around each town. In the north, deep lead mining and some grazlng was the major land use ln a T belt running through Allenda1e to Spring HiIl. From Kingston to the East and extending south around New]yn and Rocky Lead and Dean most of the land was given over to oats, Potatoes and t small-scale grazing. Around Creswick, sheeP-grazing took up most of the agr.iculturaL land. However, even j-n 189L, more I people worked in mj-ning than in farming. Forty per cent of householders in 1891 were miners as against just under thirty t per cent who were farmers.32 ff mining governed many part,s of the shire and the lives of T many resj-dents, so too, the first pastoralists held a grip on

T 30 TonyDingle, @' P. 78. 31 Richmond "Country town growth". I 32 census of victor:La 1891.

I L- t 24 I much of the l-and. pastorarists prayed a part as purchasers at land sares and then as rentiers of agri-curtural rand to t tenants.33 Amongst early rand sales were those of 2L May Lg55 when 5 750 acres in spring Hirr parish was sord in smal_l_ lots. This sare created places like smeaton and spring Hirl. At t sales near smeaton on 14 Jury 18sG, rarge land-holders like Hepburn and Arrderson were amongst the purchasers. Hepburn I alone aggregated 30 000 acres. Much of this rand was rented out to tenants. Farmj-ng practises and to a certain extent the T rurar landscape resembled that in the southern parts of the present shire. From these land sales however an important locaL comrnunity of smal-l- farmers grew. The best demonstration I of agriculturar progress in the district was the smeaton Agricurtural Association, formed April 1959. rn 1gG1, the T Association herd its first show at smeaton. within ten years this bras the reading agricultural show j.n victoria. rn Lg76, T the society was granted rand for showgrounds. More recently it found a new site in Kingston, which i.t purchased in November T L922. The buildings and lay-out of this public space stilr reflect the rong history of successfur rocar farming. I Agricultural change T over the three decades forlowing the first land sares, creswick agricurture artered as t,he folrowing figures make prain. curtivated acreage was almost haLved from the 1g50s to t 1891. The number of sheep more than doubred and and the number of cattle (excruding mirk cows) rose from five thousand to t eight thousand between 1871 and 1991.34 creswj.ck changed from an area of crop-growing and harvesting to one in which stock- T raising became the staple. Much of the present farming randscape refrects the d.emand.s of intensive stock-raisrng. During the period the smaller mining sectlements of the shire I became far more farming than mining towns. spring Hilr for exampler €rs early as 1861, incruded more than one hund.red T

33 Graham, Early creswiek, p. 60. I 34 Richmond, ..Country town grourt,h,', table 6,2. I I I I 25 farmers, more than three hundred farm workers along with g I wood-splitters and only 21 miners.35 This change was promoted by various factors. Richmond and I others suggest that the tenant farmers on Hepburnrs land could not afford to ret rand rie falrow and it was thus exhaust,ed. I and unabre to support grain crops. Many crop-growers selected Iand in the north of victoria during the 1870s and others hrere driven out by early spring frosts and summer dryness. rn 1go1- I L852 difficult weather led to crop failure. with the 1go5 Land Act, clause 42 extended hordings from 20 acres to go acres. As i a resurt, in the parishes of Dean, Burlarook and wombac, miners took to farming, on brocks t,oo small for effective t wheat growing (most stirl herd onry 20 acres).36 closer to creswick, 60-80 acre rots were often herd by store keepers. one member of parriament courd report by the 1g?0s that ..there I were more smaLl freehold small farmers settled in the dlstrict of creswick than in any other portion of the colony of a I similar area" 37 creswi-ck was a shire of smarl horders involved in mj-xed farming with the emphasis on stock raJ-sing. I rt was arso an area with a rarge number of tenant farmers arongside mi.ners and selectors on smarl blocks. T Farm buildings t Along the roadways through the shire are dotted small cottages, each built to a common pattern. Buirt to a simpre plan, they are usually single-storeyed and doubl-e-fronted with T a narrow verandah, a side chimney of brick and clad in timber boards. These smaLl cottages were often buirt by miners who I moved on to agricurture or erse they comblned some smarr farming with fossicking. Here and there are more substantial t farms many of them buirt about the end of the nineteenth century to broad proportions, in red brick and with vi_ews t across valleys to distant hilIs. The most prominent testimony 35 Census of Vietoria, 1851. 35 Argrus, 16 January 1869. t 37 vict,orian ParLiament,ary Debat.es, 1g?1, pp. L736-7, guoted in Richmond" t p. 2I9. t t 26 I to Local agriculture is not a farmhouse at ar1. smeaton Mirl- j-ts stands four-storeys tall-, massj-ve bl-uestone bulk facing r the varley of the Birch creek. A water race ran from the Hepburn Lagoon to this mill and in it much of the grain from r creswick farms was ground. Less welr known but no ress a part of the agricultural history of the shire is the former chaff I milI at Newlyn. A champion proughman, Andrew Dunning of t Numurkah, came to the district for ploughing contests and partnered G.E. Michael of Kingston in L889 setting up this t milring business reputed at the time to be the most modern in the colony. where gold-mining has left few tangible dj-rect r rerics, the farmhouses and industriar buildings of the shire represent in clear fashj.on the character of loca1 agriculture. rt was distinguished in the nineteenth century by the survivar I of large pastorarists who parcelled out rand to tenants. These I tenancies and the small holdings of other purchasers and I selectors were on a smal-ler scale than in northern victoria and coul-d support more intens j-ve farming activities. The r patchwork of todays shire, the surviving smarl towns and the cottages of fossicker-farmers make an interesting contrast with the dominant 1andmark, the Smeaton MiIl

t -J I

. , ,.,.,.i.,: r I 27 T t- t Chapter 6 The Forests Near t to the Midland Highway is one of buildings the most unusual in creswick. Designed by Adam described courson, 1t has been t by architects as in the American ..stick style". and shingle certainly it 100ks like no other the building in either shire or the state. rts wooden shingle t tTro-storey cladding covers a octagonar frame with smar_r irregrurar with a balcony windows and on the first f100r. set al0ngside t creek varrey, a r.ake and it rooks as if it is a fantasy nursery drawn from a rhyne. rt is thought to have originally nursery administration been bu1lt for I and perhaps to have as the forestry served at one tlme office for creswlck. rt now creswick state sits ln the I Nursery.3S Around it are seedring lake and ornamentar beds and a gardens. Anyone foll0wing the the nearby creek varley of t will come to a ridge planted with trees within this gully exotic ' are the remnants of reticur.ated systems for watering I plantings. Thick T severar- stands of trees f1lr gullies, products of the flrst project in victori-a. experi.mentaJ. forestry Around the town of creswick throughout the shire and t stand other reminders of an i.nterest trees, forests and pranting. in The plantations in carnbridge street for example or t the avenue of poprars al0ng the Creek and at the entrance creswlck to Smeaton; the copse at Kerrins Bridge, the redwoods and T cedars of the park Lake and avenue of honour running the 10ng through Klngston. Flnal]y, the forests encl0sing creswick thlck itself are all conseguences of T shire's central role in the hlstory the of Australian forestry _ at a practicar level in regenerating areas, grorut.h of old mining I in decoratlve use of exotic trees and educative and in the scientific enterprlse of botanists and has an foresters, Creswick important place in the environmentar I Vi-ctoria. history of

T 38 Ballarat courier, 12 September 19g7. T tL

t'' T 28 t Timber-splitters and the diminishing forest T Within a decade of the first rushes to Creswick, colonial officiars and residents of the town knew that the mines were T destroying rocar stands of timber, especially in the more heaviry forested areas to the east of creswick - where there were thick forests in the 1850s and bare hilrs ten years I later. By the end of the 18GOs, the surviving forest had all but vanished with few old trees remaining and most young trees I cut down before they matured. rf this rate of destruction had continued creswick wourd have entered the twentieth century I with barely a tree left standlng.

The damage caused by the mining free-for-arl was, however, T gradually reversed. As early as 1965, a commission comprisi-ng the surveyor General, the Assistant commissioner of Lands and I survey and the secretary for Mines presented a report to the President of t,he Board of Lands and, works ddvising on t,he need T for state Forests in victoria.3g rhe 1go9 Land Act lncruded provisions for timber reserves and local forest boardsr. Ers wel-l a Forest Bairiff was appointed. rn 1gg?, inspired by I forestry successes in Europe and Asia, the victorian government invited conservator vincent of the rndian Foresc I servi-ce to present a report on the forests of the colony. EventuaLly tabled in 1895 his report was deemed',so frank and I outspoken that it has never been published". rn a further step to protect an increasingly scarce resource, the government T appointed G.s. perrin as conservator in 1ggg.40 A further Royar commission in 1897 and another report from Ribbentrop, arso an rndian forestry officer, and a series of devastating T forest fires inspired the creati-on of the victorian Forests Department and Ied eventualry to the 1907 Eorests Act.41 I I carron, 1?4o ".r. p. Ljg. .l .p. Kellas-p, a Vicroria,, , 'f[l"it"t".tiJiii"or." T Foresters of Australia, pepth 9{A, Lgg7, pp, 2LO_2L2. 41 rbid, pp.1g0-182.

I t 29 t !{here creswick had suffered from the despolration of mlners T and timber splitters, it was amongrst the major beneficiari_es of modern forestry. As early as 1g?1 the rocar Lands I Department surveyor had reported that ,'the young timber is constantly destroyed for firewood and farming purposes by I those residents and also by woodcutters who supply the towns with wood".42 rn March L871, lands surveyors recommended that trees of ress than six inches di-ameter ought not be cut. rn T september the commissioner of crown Lands asked that 9 ooo acres in the creswi.ck area be protected as a ti-mber reserve t and placed under the control of the Creswick Shire president. The creswick shire demanded that a larger area be excised. Lat,er I caLrs were made for even broader swathes of rand to be set aside and in Aprir Lg72 the creswick and Barl_arat state Forest was gazetted. v{ith this the Shire itself and colonial I officials began the task of reshaping the character of the I natural environment of Creswick. lhe state and f,orest protection Timber I splitters still continued to exploit the forest for a decade until in 1881 nei.r regrul-ations prohibited any removal of T timber from the forest. Not surprisingly rocal timber getters were outraged and the Ballarat courier reported that

I the first shot fired by the B'trsh fr-eet at the Al-exandria forts cour-d scarcery have stirred up a T greater commotion in that country than has been caused in t/rrs district by the procramation .with respect T to the BaJ-rarat and creswick state Fonest [it] nakes that woody area as inaccessi.bl,e to the public as china I was to the Anglo-saxon race in the eighteenth century.43 The newspaper edi-torial craimed that furry one hundred men T would be deprived of a 1ivelihood, dray and waggon buj_lders

42 conservator of forests, annuar report, 1gg9, I 1884-5. report from creswick, 43 Ballarat Courier, t 19 Augrust 1992. I t 30 I would be crippred, mi-nes wourd stop working, firewood wourd cost more "bringing almost if not guite starvation to homes, T wives and Littre ones". The journalist claimed to read the ..ukase evil of this {dictate of the Russian Empire} . tinl many terror-stricken and poverty-fearing faces,, .44 I

The extent of state intervention in local 1and use was reason enough, I no doubt, for rocal people to fear ruin. At the same time, their own profligate harvesting of forests would egualry have ensured ruin in the long run. During 1g70 arone iGT ooo I tons of firewood and 23 500 tons of sawn timber were used in mining. State intervention rea1ly ensured long-term livelihood t for many in creswick. There r^/ere indeed rocal families dependent on the forests of the shire - especially in the I wombat and Burrarook forests. The Lands Department listed nearly thirty chinese fossickers riving in the state forest in I 1881, inhabiting huts where they had fossicked for more than Ewenty years and supprementing their i-ncome by gathering timber or wood splitting. of more interest perhaps were the I rong lists of Europeans fined for taking young timber from the forest. Despite regulations and governmenE, gazettes, local I peopre saw the trees of the shire as theirs for the taking. rn August L882 wood cutters and timber splitters met in the I American Hotel i-n creswick and unanimously agreed to petition their locar member to have the protective forest legisration I revoked. Notwithstanding local objections, the forest remained closed and by 1884, Lands Department officials courd report t that the condition of the forest had vastry improved. stirr wood cutters were movi-ng in on some of the surviving trees not cut before the proclamation. These they mixed with dried t stumps and sord as firewood in creswick and BalLarat.45 I rn the early 1880s, propcutters for mining compani-es were still going out into the forest especialry on sundays and I having their roads carted away at night. Ersewhere wattr_e bark

44 rx+ a 45 Annual I Report of the Forest Overseer 1gg5, Senunens papers, University of Melbourne Archives

I t I 31 was stripped from trees without the strippers apprying for licenses. Forest officers found in one year T cwent,y men destroying young timber which they had cut for mine props.46 The forest overseer by then had begun to refer to the propcutters t as his "natural enemies,,. Despite new contrors, a frourishing rocal trade in timber stirr continued. The traditional I home for milling and timber_getting, the Wombat Forest had supported many farniriesr €rs the cou*er had lndicated- I Few of them were ready to accept the new regulations, seemingly strange laws in a land deemed fit onlv I for exploitation. A forestry science t As a result and despite the extent of regulation, the woodlands of creswick in the 1g90s were seen as no more than a T "ruined forest". To protect the surviving trees, a royarty system was introduced instead of licenses. Forest managemenE I was undertaken on a more systematic basls. More significantly, in the twentieth century, creswick stood at the heart of emerging t conservation debates. The issue of managi_ng existing forestry resources attracted attention. As werr, the Forestry school was the site for a new forest sclence and brrthplace of I a profession of forest managers,. the state nurseries forestry and schoor made creswi-ck centrar to the emerging I I'Overnment and professional management of forest lands throughout Victoria.

The t creswick forests were initiarly placed under the contror of J. La Gerche, chief Forester at the end of the 1gg0s. whire there was already I a state nursery at Mt Macedon, La Gerche begran a series of experimentar plantings i-n creswick, with nurseries at sawpit Gulry in lggg and then at the New t Australasian mi-ne site in 1g90. Then in the 1g90s the r-and around these nurseries was used as sites for experimental pine I plantations. Despite failures in Lg97 and 1g99, these

T 45 Annual I Report, Dept of Agriculture, 1gg7. I T 32 t conti-nued through the turn of the century, estabrishing the basis for softwood prantations in other parts of Victoria. I A more significant step came with the creation of the Forestry school in 1909, in the former residence of a local medical I officer, Dr J. Tremearne. Exams were prescribed for foresters in the 1907 Forest Act. soon after the school at creswi-ck was created to give forest workers a uni-form, basic education in t the relatively new fierd of forestry. seven students commenced studi-es at the creswick Forestry school in 1909. The school I extended the practise of managing the foresc resources of creswick but arso provided. training for foresters who were co t go beyond creswick and shape the forests of victoria.rn LgL3, Mr Hart took up a prace as senior teacher. English was added I to the syllabus and prospective students sat a competitive entrance exam. Training r^ras increased to 3 years in 1914. rn T 1912, the schoor took over the Hospital Building nearby and the schooL reopened in 1913 after alterations to the hospitar. rn 1916, Mr c.E. carter became principal and in Lg2o, the T Forestry commission sent him to yal_e where he took a Masters Degree in Forestry in 1922. On his return another lnfluential joined t teacher the staff, a graduate from the unlverslty of Edinburgh, K.v.M. Ferguson. rn Lg24 the school expanded its tasks and took in a wider range of forest emp]-oyees for t training.aT By the rate twenties, staff were running new refresher courses and training for forest foreman. From Lg2g, T Merbourne university accredited students from the corlege. under E.J- Semmens, first year students were credited with a t first year towards the Melbourne science degree. More recentry the collegre began to put on Adurt Education courses in prant I identification and certificate courses in post-secondary educati-on- women were admitted in Lg76. Eventually in 1ggo, the college affiliated with Mer-bourne university. Diploma t courses ceased and all Merbourne forestry students spend their second and third years at creswick. Between 1910 and 1990, the t college staff trained 500 foresters. rn November r.9g4, the

47 Depart.ment I of Conservation, Forests and Lands, notes on the The Creswick Forestry School, Ieaflet.

T I 33

I . Creswi-ck school became tit. "Victorian School of Forestry and Land Management,,.48 I The long and disti-nguished history of the school goes back beyond I 1909. rn the 1890s as plantations expanded, the few forestry officials found they had no trained 1ocal foresuers whom on they could rely. They complained that they found i_t t armost impossible to get trained officers. Engrish foresters or anyone whose experience came from European forests, wourd I have thought the Chief Forester, ..be to some extent tyros if praced in the Gippsland bush . it wourd take severaL years t of Austrarian trai-ning to fit them f or positions here,,. Victoria looked to the Dehra Dun forest school in India and to I Norwegians in the rndian forest service. Attempts to recruit widely from these and other sources falred, art,hough rndian forestry did play a role in shaping victorian practice. young T men wanting to work in state forests were being trained (without a formaL forestry school) at Macedon but many saw a I need for proper t,raining in forestry and a cadetshlp before entering the forest service. The creswick schoor was a t successfur attempt to professionallse forestry and lntroduce systematic tralning in this new science. As a result, the surviving t schoor bulrdings and, thei_r surviving plantlngs have a significance beyond their local J.mportance to creswick. The school I and associated forestry work began to transform the character of Creswick. fn Lgogr dn ambitious planting program I commenced on the drive!{ays and roads around the nursery site.49 unemproyed miners were taken onto work gangs to reqenerate the forests which they had helped destroy. corlege I staff laid out experimental prantings throughout the shire, especially in and around the town of creswick. Because of the presence of t the school and nursery, creswick and other 10ca1 towns have a range and quality of parks and street trees absent I from many other victorian smarr towns. t 48 ruia. 49 ForesL Cornrnission, Forestry I in vietoria, Melbourne 1971. I t 34 I lourism I After the decline of mining and the reshaping of the environment through fonestry, creswick sought to re-establish t its prestige and weal-th by tourism. The Brackenbury Forest Road, for exampre, was created after an internatj_onal meeting of scientists in creswick. Visitors t,o an AlIzAAs conference t concluded that the town and the forestry industry wourd benefit by visitors having access to the state forests around T Creswick. Forestry officials completed the track, designed specificarly as a sceni-c tourist route, and winding around a t ridge to the east of the town after this conference. rn the 1920s, dn energetic debate arose over the best way to attract I travellers to the shire. one enthusiast wrote to the locar press and reminded readers that t As a tourist resort and a place of weekenders - so much in demand in these days - creswick has exceptional I advantages the mlniature J,akes at car_embeen park are second onTy to corio and Hobson,s Bay for bathing and sportsmen wiJ-r f ind excer-r-ent shooti ng in the I country around the town jt js true that the accommodation for visitors is somer,viat Limited at t present but the success of the town from the tourist point of view wourd soon read to arJ- necessary provision I of accommodation . for beautification and commerciar_ purposes alike, canbridge Street couJ_d easiTy be brought up to ti:e standard of st Kirda Rd and aJ.so woul-d produce t prantations of pines which in a few years wour-d bring great financial benefit to the cjtjzens.50 T Tourism did bring visitors, arthough not in the numbers I expected. The town has survived.since the second world war more as a dormi-tory for Ballarat and not as a great attraction for holiday makers. Nevertheress, hopes of bringing tourists t I 50 Cresrick Advertiser, 15 Janu axy L920. t I i did lead some local-s to rook at the town around them with I fresh eyes. S umma ry T creswick has a central prace in Australian economic history as much for its forestry as for its mining. rn creswick there T occurred the first tentatj-ve steps towards forest conservation and management. rn creswick, arso, the first moves were made to create a forestry profession t schooled in botany and managementr technigr:es. Finarry the streets of creswick and smarrer cowns, as well I as the public aardens and creek-side prantings of the shire' are often distingruished by the picturesgue sitings of exotic trees- The victorian and Edwardian foresters mi_ght not be revered I by todayrs conservation movement, but they prayed a cruciar role 1n safeguarding rocar forests. They shaped a I distinctive locar environment and sent out graduates from the Forestry school- who helped preserve the natural environs of I places far beyond the shlre,s boundaries.

T I I I

T t t I t t t I 35 T Cbapter 7 I Urban character lown buildings t Creswick is a town built on hil]s. On the Ballarat or southern I side stand camp Hilr and church Hill, since the 1g?os the most respectable residential areas. on Eastern Hirr was the Hospital, now Forestry corlege, and across sawpit Gul1y rose t the commissioner's Hill, now covered. by gardens. To the west is Hard Hi1r. North creswick, the working crass (mining) t section of town, fittingly climbs union Hilr.51 Through the centre of the Lown runs the gurly of creswick creek with the I main commercial centre to the west, along Albert street. Another important dividing rine from the 1g?0s onwards is the I railway line, lying slightry further to the west. Above the creek and around each of the hlrrs are clustered the distinctive buildings of the town of Creswj_ck,. t,he churches t and finer houses to the south, miners cottages to the north, shops and town hal-l ln the centrar corrldor above the creek I varley. Much of the remnant elements of mlnlng have gone but the fine buildings of creswick, especj_arly those buirt before I the turn of the century are testimony to the wealth and sense of local identity created from gold-mining. t The housing stock tike other gold towns, creswi.ck grew from rough beglnnings in I which the main building materials hrere rough slabs and canvas. rn 1861, of nearry 300 houses in creswick, only 27 were ot t brick or stone and 100 of wood or iron. creswick's housing stock included l-2G tents and 29 slab huts.52 Twenty years I rater, creswick had more than seven hundred houses of wood or iron, only three of canvas, 76 of mud, blocks or wood slabs and t

51 M- Mc Aleese, "creswick in the 1gg0g,,, BA Hons thesis, history, Monash University, 196G, pp. j-9. I 52 Census of Victoria- 1851, persons and dwellings. t I 37 89 made from brick or stone.53 in 1g61 a similar character of buirdings typified the t smarler centres strung about the shire. Spring HilI with 169 dweLllngs and g71 people, Smeaton with 151 dwelrings and 900 people and Bullarook with 149 t and 736 persons dwer_rings were ar' similar in size. Each had a similar t range of buildj-ng materials, Creswick Shire: housing materials

I 18 6L Materials Brick/stone I wood/iron canvas slab Spring H1II 130 25 9 I Dean 15 35 BuIlarook t 82 34 28 Source: Census of Victoria, 1g01. T Few of these places had grown i ln size by the ni-neteenth end of the I century. rn I t_ 1g91, for example, the populations of Bullarook, creswick and smeaton either decrined or remained roughly stable. Between 1g91 and 1g01, Bullarook marginally I lncreased from just under two thousand to Just over two thousand peopre. creswlck remained at about three and a hatf thousand and Smeaton I declined from 2 400 to 1 goo people. other toh/ns which grew after 1g51 had a built form of malnly wooden houses by 1gg1, with t the greatest number of canvas and slab buildings in the forested t areas of the south Riding. t

T t 53 rr,i I 4. ^ l_ T 38 I

Creswick shire, people and houses T 1881

Residents Brick Canvas Slab I Campbelltown 49 2 1r. I Allendale 139 30 t Kingston 335 60 South Riding t settlements 3r_ 66 15 519 131 9

Source: Census of Victoria, 188L. t Public buitdings I The building changes refrect the transition j_n these places from rough dlsordered mining and timber splitting camps into t solId small towns. rn Arlendale, by the mid 1g90s, the strength of deep read mining had brought a range of soclar I activities to the town. Apart from the church and schoor, Arrendale had lts own Dramatlc Hall and a rarge AlirA branch. rn I 1890, the town supported one bank, eight hotels, two churches, publlc a library with 1 000 vorumes and two rarge halrs; aLr t supported by a population of 1 G00 peopre. Even a small town such as Dean could support its own Racing club.Sa Towns which today have left few reminders were at the end of the I nineteenth century frourishing communities,- for exampre Clementston, two and a half miles north of All_endale. I Clementston, on the south bank of Birch Creek, had in 1g90, a church as the post office, a school and church and 300 T people.55 Dean had three hotersr" a state sctrool and three churches, and Kingston at L 700 feet a.bove sea level was a town with three hotels, two churches and a Mechanic's I rnstitute where the library had more than g00 books for roan.

54 B.IIatat courier, 20 ApriL 1g94. I 55 Vieto.ian Municipal Directory, 1g90.

I L t

I I I 39 The Mechani.cs rnstltute can stirr be seen in the main street of Kingston as can the Kingston Hotel, churches and the former t Creswick Shire HaIl, a pleasant and sol_id row of public buildings spaced arong the main street and shaded by avenues I of exotic trees.5G Kingston served a wider community of smarl farmers and miners, as wer-l as being the poritical heart of t the shire before amalgamation with the town of creswick. simirar A farming centre, but one without the same connections with mining t and poritics, r^ras Newlyn. rn 1g90, Newryn hotels, had two two churches, a free library and a large produce store, arr to serve the tr rocal farming district.5T Amongst other smarler mining and farming centres brere smeaton with 700 people, Rocky Lead with 150 peopre and ullina with 100 people. I As with many farning settrements around the gordfierds, rrish cockies outnumbered the cornish or welsh diggers and at smeaton these t rrishmen and their families met, each year to ceLebrate the patron saint of rreland. st patrick,s Day in the 1870s and 18g0s always t ensured a great and cheery gathering at Dary's smeaton hotel.58 Some of these once livery smalr centres have vanished with few traces. But others still exist tt_ as a grouping of pub, shops and churches at crossroads (as in smeaton) or are marked by cemeteries and a few shops converted TI into farmhouses, or else by a school and church as in Kooroocheang.

I Creswick town The town of creswick I evorved into a more complex and orderly bulrt form than any of these smarrer rocales. For a rong time rough structures survived t and the streets and public spaces J-ooked unkempt and chaotic. rt took a 10ng time to prepare road surfaces capable of taking the winter,s heavy rainsr so I thatr ds late as 1870, heavy rain gouged a dangrerous chasm in camp street' a crevass, twenty I feet rong and ten feet deep.ss 55 rxi^ 57 rr'ia. Ir 58 creswick and Clunes Advertiser, g 59 March 1g70. t tbid, 19 August 1820. IL

t- 40 t By the 1890s these remaining rough edges of the mining camp had been smoot,hed over and several distinguishable precJ_ncts became obvious to visitors. t

The principal such grouplngs of buildings are arranged about t the hilrs and arong Albert street. Between the mai_n commerci-ar. cenEre and the railway are the important public buildings. For I example, the creswick primary school No. r22 begun in 1g73 to replace an earlier common school. The builder was Anthony Pasco of I creswick. A second schoor_, for the mining popuration of North creswick was opened soon after. creswick also supported a school of mines (an offshoot of the short-Ii.ved t School of Art and Technology). The town also had lts o$rn Grammar school- The schoor of mines used to occupy the former t Gord office buildings in Ar_bert street and was one of sixteen such schoors created at the end of the 1gg0s in a vain attempt t to revive a flagging mining industry. Amongst other key buildings are the churches, St. Augustlne,s I Roman Catholic Church opened 1n Lg1l2, it took its forn and appearance from the standardi_sed Hansom church plans adopted I by the Roman catholic hlerarchy ln Brltaln. After cathollc Emancipation in the united Kingdom such regurarry reproduced design was seen as I the most efficlent way of providing parish churches across the rnajor citles and towns. Blshop Goold, confronted by a simi.lar problem in vlctoria saw the Hansom I designs as offering a sor-ution to the needs of provincial parishes, especi-alry those created by the gold rushes t later land selection protestant and acts. churches on the gold fierds often preceded the Roman cathoric churches by at r_east a decade' The creswick wesreyans I opened their srab and canvas chapel 1n 1gS4 and seven years later, the foundation stone of the present church G0 was 1aid. The first Anglican church, t wooden building, a was opened in 1g55- catholic farmers supported plans for a new church in creswick in Lg72 I the following and i-n decad.e another religious group, the Salvation Army arrived in creswick. when it came to town in the 1gg0s, 50 Gralram, Early Creswiek, p. 94. fl Il 4L the SaLvation Army worked from a converted furniture shop ll alongside the American Hotel. The Salvation Army purchased the shop and added balconies so that it, could hold 350 people. Tod,ay the Salvation Arrny hall is a small, though distinctive, ll building in the main street of the town' ll Courmercial buildings The first commercj.al buildings of the diggings were rough and ll usually pubs were little more than tents with +; read,y affairs. perhaps one cimber wall and sometimes shops elere portable ll buildings thrown up in a hurry and torn down with eqr'ral speed when the digging mania swept men on to the next EI Dorado' By lj the 1880s however, the commercial strip of Albert Street had a distinct urban feel to it, with two-storey rows of shoPs, verandah sidewalks and a range of services expected in a lg new British Hotel was T, provJ-ncial centre. George Birch's a, .'acknowledged as one of the best structures out of Melbourne with all its bedrooms having "lofty ceilings" and with special In advantages for commercial travellers".6l Nearby, Thomsonrs drapery could keep local matrons up with all t,he latest in !n manchester and linen, as well as stockj.ng the new Wert'heim Sewing Machines.52 Cohn and Co's Amerj.can Photographic Studio 53 TB: in Albert St, ensured a perfect port'rait in raj-n or sunshine ' Away from the main A1bert Street strip, there were scattered I' E shops and some services on other roads leading into Creswick' Davey and Lennon, blacksmiths, repaired and made up drays on Ig their premises in Daylesford Road-64 lr Buildings and social J.ife Like other mining towns, Creswick had a disorderly social life I'I in the 1850s. As canvas gave way to bricks and wood, the ,"j townts entertainments and public aatherings took on a more stable and ordered character. Creswick supported a range of

51 creswick and Cluneg Advertiser, 28 ,fune 1881 62 rbid, lG May 1881. 63 J.bi.d, 1g \tanuary 1870. 64lbi.d, 22 June 1881. t

voluntary t assocj-atlons, many depending on However, I r there existed others with *or" There was " J a Mutual fmprovement Society in tl beginning I of the 1gg0s. John Creat,i, assis] Grammar School, took the l_ead. in its early c discussions. His o!{n career seemed an apprJ I the increasingry respectable character or f, owned the Flying Duck Hotel at Springrmount- winnj-ngs on a racehorse of the same name. f, formed a General Debating Society in 1gg1.G5 were meeting with astounding dedication, ,l in wiLliam Guthrie Spence,s union office. Anr musical groups were I the Creswick Amateur Slr to perform regularly at the British Hoter # new Mechanics fnstitute.56 The Australian NJ were another key group and had a 1ocal patr+ Peacock, they met in the lodge room of t The people of creswick creared a other small towns, but with some distinctivl"..r.."nir*l I There are prominent churches in the town ofl in Kingston, A1lendale, and Smeaton, and t j-n of the Shire; these churchesr w€ """ strength of religious activity on the gold"::I fit the importance of Non-conformism and its ,"f_ congrregations. The Creswi-ck Mechanics fnstitut on what is now the Bowling Green and later rnJ Borough HaIl and then to its present buildi# post Creswick Office, was always a focus pubs, forll halls and parlours at home sustaineO social life. "l Politics t Not really a mutual improvement society, U,-ra mark of the I increased order of the town in the

55 McAleese, ..Creswick,,. t oo Creswick and Clunes Advertiser, 15 May 1881 I

L I I 43 Miner's Union. Through the work of W.G. Spence, and as the t birthplace of John Curtin, Creswick holds an important place in Labor history. In the 1880s, when the Berry Lead mines were in fuII swing, the town stood at the forefront of union t affairs in Australia. The key figure in all of this was W.G. Spence. Spence led the Australian Labor movement in the late I nineteenth century. He sat in Aust.ralian Parliament and had formed the Amalgamated Miners Union in Creswick and Clunes, in I L874. Later he helped unionise the shearers and eventually these unions joined to form the Australian Workers Union. For T many years, even during the strikes of the 1890s, these natj-ona1 organisations were run from Creswick. t Spence found his first job in Ryanrs Junction Mine and he later boasted that he was earning a manrs wagie when stilI only t twelve years o1d.67 Her Iike other minersr took a part in church activities in the iortt and, Spence was Secretary of St Andrewrs Presbyterian Church and Superintendent of the Sunday I School. He later converted to Bible Christianity. I Spence led the miners on the Creswick fj-elds. In 1878, Spence and John Sampson organised the miners at the Ristori Mine to I fight against a cut in pay. As a result both leaders were banned from working on the field and Sampson had to leave Creswick to live and work in Ballarat. Their union, T nevertheless, grew in strength and was able t,o take control of mj-ners' sickness funds from the companies, a key issue in a I dangerous industry like mining. In the long run, this union sought better conditions through I talks and meetings wlth mine owners rather than by strikes. From 188L onwards, companj-es and miners got toget,her in the T British Hotel to settle wage claims. The union held annual sports in Prj.nce Leopold Park, to which it invited mine owners I and civic leaders and the town had a holiday for the annj-versary of the founding of the union. Alexander Hunter, I one of the mine union leader's, may well have claimed of the t 57 Ibid, and Fahey The Berry Deep Leads. p. 29. I 44 I 1890 strike, that ,,watering it was the tree of llberty the tears of blood". with fn general, miners and saw mining companies I that they had more ln common j-n industry defendj-ng their declining than could be gaj_ned by recurent conflict. GS t rn other poritical activity these comfortabr-e alliances rirere not so easily mai-ntained- The first meeting of the.creswlck I Political Labour Leagrue, was herd in February 1904 after a branch of this group (the forerunner of the Australian Labor I Party) met at All-endale. Aga]-n, w.G. Later' spence was a figurehead. he and Davi-d Temple, a young creswi-ck went shearing, miner who ar-so I formed the shearers union. After the minj-ng these political decllne of traditions survived and in the First world war, creswlck residents I supported a strong branch of the anti--conscripti-on movement'69 0n 3 .ctober rgL6, eleven peopre held the first meeting of this group, fittingly in the t one of the o1d home of miners' clubs of creswick. They "ways and lnvestigated means to defeat the nilitary service which if carried referendum I would mean the conscription of Australia,s manhood for overseas service,,. A short time afterwards, the secretary made "eulogistic reference,, I to the great work d,one by the committee, refr-ected ..No,. in the vote from creswick. The committee went onto grreater issues after the war I member moved when one that "this branch of the A.T,p concern views with grrave the grreat preparations that are capitalist being made by the I class to make themselves safe from peace is declared-.7' democracy when At the same time members attacked 10car counci-I for not giving the t a holiday for Eight Hour Day.71 These meetings no 10nger had the popular backing they might have enlisted had the mines stayed I open. Both John curtj-n and Jim scullin, Labor Prj-me Ministers, in were elther born or worked the Creswick area. But in the twentieth fitting century, a more I figure representing 10ca1 politics was the liberar. I

Lttee, Labor party papers, Creswick, I 71 rr.i 4. ^

r 45 Ar'exander peacock. peacock had clirnbed to power shoulders on the of mi'ne-workers, but in his later politicar- he moved career some distance from the interests of movement- the union He indeed became much more of a rural populist, speaking for the interests of small proprietors rather wage-labourers. peacock than The name is perhaps egr:al'y in victorian poritics remembered for the subsequent career of Mildred Peacock, who once again relied on creswick as a starting point I for a parliamentary career. I Local politics The miners grave creswlck a place ln the politlcal hlstory the nation. fn of I l_ocal politics, Creswick was one of Roads Board distrlcts several created at the end of the 1g50s.72 creswick r^ras proclained a municiparlty in November I in 1853, lgsg and,, became a Borough. At the same time the rural much of the present areas of shire hrere administered from Ki_ngston, headquarters of the creswick shire. The Borough and. shire lfere amalgamated in .rune 1934-73 Today the Kingston halr_ creswick shire of the faces a g'iet street in a town of dozen buildings. onry a few The Creswick Borough Hallr on the is the most other hand, promi-nent structure ln the shopplng I Creswick. strip of

TI Creswick and the nining laad,scape

sometimes creswick appeared because of the decaylng mine sites I' around it rather than because of its major buildings. The town will arways have a place in Austrarlan curturar hlstory as the I home of the Lindsay fam1ly. Norman Lindsay,s lampoon long_banned of the town, Redheap, drew an ac'd pen_portrait creswick worthies of T - the post master with ..a ginger-whiskered the face like bul'dog,,r or Robert piper striving to make smalr talk with the new parson,s I daughter as his wit deserted him and his ears went red hot - creswick, to Lindsay, hras ..one T 72 B. Barrett, The Civie Frontierr 73 Melbourne 1979, p.236. Graham, Fia rl y Creswi ck, pp I . 161_1G2 . I 45 t- I of those eruptions of human lunacy called a mining centre,,.?4 Nevertheless, he has left us a vivi6 sketch of the social I 1ife, such as it was, of a dying gord town. During his time in creswick, the old landscape of mining attracted him more than T the stuffy social- routi-ne of the town itself. He loved to leave the town streets behind and clanber through the scarred. t landscape around the town, not then cloaked with the handiwork t of the Conservator of Forescs: T jt was a ravaged earth, treel,ess and devastated forever of aLJ- that may sustain life in the human body . for me the perfect earth, trme-l.ess and forg:otten, drowsing t under the regend of man's furious rapacity for its hidden store of gold timeJ.essness in those old I diggings went on from days to weeks to months between the hours of nine and four . r retain a conviction t that aLl days spent there were of stil-L, windress, sunJ.ight.Ts I This image of the town needs to be set alongside the t_ progressive, respectable character expressed. through public t buildings. For in the long run, creswj-ck and smarler places ln the shj-re remained mining to$rns, and the relics of the mlning I devastation surrounded most of the towns well lnto the twentieth century. I These towns, of the shire, are no ronger as large nor as confident as during their mining heyd.ay or in the years d.uring t which farming expanded. Nevertheress, the streets of creswick stil1 have a wide range of prominent public buirdings, commercial structures and an interesting stock of domestic I buildings, from the solid vill-as of the southern hills to the miners cottages at the northern end of town. rn each of the I major parts of the town are fine churches, many built on the t winnings of miners. The smarler towns of the shire have l_ost t more people and houses than creswick, y€t they still have

74 I Not*"r, Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney L9i9, first published London 75 1930. Norman Lindsay, My Mask, Sydney L979, first published L910. r ti t 47 schools, hotels, perhaps churches and houses which recall t their more prominent roles in nineteenth-century creswick. A1l of these structures, from the fine public buildings through to the most humble miner's cottage, contribute to the heritage of It the shire. ll I I I t I

T I I

T I I t I t L- f.:

I I 48

Cb,apter 8 Creswick and tbe outside world

one of the oldest buirdings in creswick is the ..cosy corner,, store in Arbert street. Horse-drawn coaches stopped. there and connected creswick to outer mining settlements and to Barlarat. At the end of Raglan street stands an elaborace group of raj-1way buildings; the group includes the creswj_ck I railway station, a brick goods shed, a sj.gnar box, and a ramp house with a stationmaster's residence nearby. Around these are stands of exotj.c trees and pathways running out from the rairway track and into creswick. once these were filred, mornlng and nlght, by creswlck folk on thej_r way j.nto BaLlarat or when meeting the trains from the north. For more than a hundred years, daily trains passing through creswick drew the town cLoser to the outslde world. Horse-drawn coach services now concentrated on bringing in passengers from farms and small mining hamlets to meet trains. And beyond creswick, the junctj.on of the maj.n northern llne with the rine through to Kj-ngston and Allendare indicates Just how important tral_n traver was to even the outlylng parts of the shire. creswick .was a part of a dense web of rairway lines radiating out from Ball-arat.z5 By the end of the 1880s, this network carried regular and frequent trains running over short distances, a local rail system almost as effj-cient and co-ordinated as that of suburban Melbourne. Creswick and Ballarat

The railway, long before the car, had made small towns like creswick, smythesdare and scarsdale satellites of Barrarat. At the same time the railway brought traverlers to creswick and was the basis of hopes for a thriving touri_st business to replace declining returns from gold. Today, the maj_n line to I

76 Rich"td. Richardson, Minister for Railways in the 1g70s was a local l,lLA and no doubt had a part in ensuring the conunencement of the spur line through Kingston. I F- I

I 49 Mildura sti11 runs through creswick passengers' without stopping for T And at Kingston an arc of weedy track curves through paddocks, with a goods shed marking the remaining sleepers leading into the I town. Beyond, a rusting lj_ne marooned rai-r- cars stood of for years, a reminder of the I importance of the trains. recent Transport routes, first of all horse-drawn coach later railway lines, r-ines and t linked creswick with the wider Through such ties, world. creswick was brought into the Ballarat. At the orbit of I same time, 1ocal i-ndustries, especially mining', made creswi-ck dependent on outside investors for survival (although, over the rater decades, even the I the Ballarat investor dimlnished). ror-e of As mining declined at end of the nineteenth century, the creswick fork turned to other I sources of income from outslde their oh,,. towns. Many hoped that tourism would fill the gap left by the decline in mining. fn the survlving relj_cs of transport, I heritage Creswick has many items which tell us something hi-story,' of this side of 10ca1 the links between creswick I and the outside worr.d. creswick's cl0se links to Ballarat extended back to the - eold dissers had marched inro 1g50s t Barrarar .; j;;; Ji"'*"r, o, the Eureka Stockade, for exampre. Ballarat Diggers moved in and out of whenever they heard ne$rs I Creswick. of a decent strike in Between lgSO and 1g70, popuration a continuing, if declining, of arluviar- mi-ners worked sma'l from one claims and drifted I field to the next. some crung farming pl0ts to smalr claims and after the ser-ection Acts but for work during turned. to Ballarat T tough times. J.p. Smart, for digger who example, was one first set out to Bendigo then ended up to Dayresford and at creswick in september 1953. t most of the He and his mates tried, local leads and, in 1g54, hit gold on a rich streak of Dutchman's Hi''. By 1g55 he I worked found the r.ocar grurlies out and so set out for Fiery for Creek (Beaufort) and then Magrpie on the outskirts of Ballarat. I Eventually he found. t I ;:, I 50 I

Dame Fortune at tjmes presented a smiling face and a generous mood, at others she frowned and plungied us I into despair and aLthough I made money I Lost it again speculating, so now, as an oLd man, I am I compeJled to gain ny liveTihood as a cab-driver in Bal-larat, with ample time to soToqujse and to ruminate t on the days when I buiTt "cast-l.es in the air"71

Not all connections with Ballarat resurted from hard luck. rn T Iater years, the deep lead mj-nes drew investors and mj-ne managers from Ballarat to creswj-ck. Eventualry, creswick was T tied more closely to the fortunes of Ballarat by the expanding railway system of the L870s and 1880s. During L973, the T Ballarat railway reached creswick. rn the following decade, a second l-ine ran east from creswick to Dayresford and on to meet the Bendigo line at woodend. A later branch line ran from t just south of creswick to the town of waubra.78 creswick was now part of the dense railway system of central victoria. I Railways t rn one direction, creswlck was tied closely to Ballarat, at a greater distance it was linked to Bendigo,. and tralns could T take creswick people to tiny hamlets like waubra or to med.ium- sized gold towns such as Daylesford, Castlemaine and T Maryborough. During the tj-me that the Berry mines were active, trains used to bring miners into creswick on days off and provide a link between the smaller settlements of the shj.re. I These railway lines emphasised Creswick's growing subordination to Ballarat.79 At the same time, railway routes, t to outer parts of the shire, concentrated activity in a few rocal settlements which had initiarly qrown up to serve small T farmers. I 77 Graham, Ear'ly Creswick, pp 239-240. 78 tbid, pp. 259-265 and M. Osborne, Timber, spuds and spa: a deseriptive history and lineside gruide of the railways in the Daw'tesforrr distriet. I 1888-1978, Melbourne 1978. 79 Richmond., "Country town g'rowth", p. 26!.

r I 51 lr

In 1880, for example, Newlyn farmers complained about the lack T of raj-Iway connections for shipping their hay, potatoes and timber. During L881, debates !,rent on about the site for a terminus for a new line and its role for timber gatherers. This proposed lj-ne, to the east of Creswick, was to take farm produce and timber rather than to act as a commuter line, and for much of the eastern part of the Shire the railway appeared T as a solution to stagnant population as a well as an aid to economic ArowE.h. Work on the line was stalled as railway engineers had a difficult constructlon job aligning the II approach to Daylesford. This lj.ne was only built after the L884 octopus Act, in which the Victorian parriament voted for new Lines in the most sparsely-populated parts of Victoria. Then not long afterwards, in 1890, Daylesford services were reduced because of coal shortage. The line contl-nued lnto the twentieth century, but with the number of services cut even further.

ot,her praces found their services reduced after the heady days Ir of the 1880s railway boom. Allendale statj-on had been opened in 1887, when the town was stlIl a llvely mining centre. Then, lt in 1894, the goods shed, statj-on buildings and stationmaster's residence erere added. rn 1900, the Allendare rairway complex acquired a footbridge. services continued into the twentieth century but during the L920s, mining and thus the loca1 population declined. As a result, in the depression, the T victorian Railways saw Arlendale as one amongsE severar smalr country centres in which services could be cut. rn 1931 the t stati-on staff had been reduced to caretaker status. Allendale people could still cat,ch trains into Creswick and points beyond, but their passenger services were discontinued in the l-950s. The signal system at Allenda]e went in t-955 and later the platform and outbuildings disappeared.S0 Today there are remnants of track across a nearby roadway and a rise of the railway bed curving around the town. The once-busy Iittle

80 O"bo.tre, Timber, spuds and spa

"1- !+ T 52 I station i-s marked only by the remai-ns of the platform earthworks and some tree plantings. t r The character of this branch line has survived. bet,ter ! at t,. Kj-ngston station. There, the buildings and stationmaster's t residence hrere completed in 1899. As elsewhere, the cuts began by the middle of the twentieth century. rn rg|j, Kingston was t closed as a staff station. Passenger services were withdrawn in 1951. As at Arlendare, the victorian Rairways removed I signal in 1966. The rast of the station staff went with them. Goods traffic on the lj-ne continued but dwindled d.uring the L960sr So that in seven months of 1972, the only traffic of I l- any conseqfuence was seven wagons of sawn timber travelring from Sailors Falls to Mildura.Sl t These smaller branch rairways often appeared a nuisance to T railway managers. There traj-ns derayed the movement of goods through major ci-ties since wagons $rere often delayed at Junctions such as Bal-larat. smalr roads had to be re-assigned t to new trai-ns at provincial depots. Not surprisingly, road transport seemed a better method of shipping arl but the most t burky 1oads. The line through Kingston and Alrendale was finally closed to traffic in L976. t This branch rine was in the rong run less important than the northern line, for which creswick was the terminus for a few I months in 1874. unrike those along the North creswick branch rine, the station buirdings, warkways and'plantings in T creswick are still relatively intact. They are a reminder of the importance of the rairway in the shire,s hj-story. when the railway first arri-ved it was not rearry wercomed (locals T feared that the trains would take business away from the town i.. to Ballarat). t {- Even though the creswick-Daylesford. line seems to have I struggred for patronage, the rairways are an essential part of I the character of the town. The railway ensured that creswick L-I t 81 O. King and. N. Dooley, Golden Steam of Ballarar I 53 hrould become < anongst a string on Bar.larat ,:"" lites which dePend >r much of their 1ifr

I; ;::1"Arl:i-iii 54

Conclusion Eistory and the naterial world

This history has presented. the forces which shape the shire of creswi-ck as we see it today. The arrival of the first Europeans, the stock they grazed and the houses they built, the digging rushes and d.eep mine systems, forestry, farming, town shapes and the railways are arr elements of the present shire. They bear a character which, despite the modern world, reflects origins in the nj_neteenth century.

Alr of these buildings and landscape features are spread through a broad area. The whole of the shire of creswick (and neighbouring areas which once formed a part of the shire or Borough) bear the slgns of human activity. Many cases could be made out for the conservatj-on of the characterj-stic buildings and l-andscapes of the shi.re. some buirdings and certain streetscapes in the towns might appear because of their unigr-re design or because of their stylistic uniformity. some praces were once associated with important identities, of whom a surprising number, like the Lindsays, Alexander and Mildred Peacock, ,John curtin or w.G. spence, have won a role for themselves in Australian history. St,ill others reflect the less recognised but no less significant struggles of anonymous diggers and selectors. ?here are places which might not figure largely i-n national history but which have a significance for the history of Creswick; the many distinguished churches and the local schools and community hal1s or hotels. other erements have a place in cultural or scientific history, the school of Mines or the Forestry schoor. Again some have importance for their place in our economic history, the Berry mining system for example. An understanding of key hi-storicar themes which have shaped the present shire gives us a basis from which to assess and interpret these landforms and, buirdings.

Many important and evocative buildings survive and. make up the heritage of creswick. rn the towns, there are fine victorian I I 55 churches and distinctive domestic build.ings. smaller cottages t survive in towns like Kingston or Newlyn. Farming buirdings, from small single-fronted wooden cottages to the comprexes of barns and sheds surrounding the seats of principal t pastoralists, reflect the rurar heritage of the shire. The shire has imposing industrial structures like the Smeaton Mill I and remnants of once famous mining fields. The prantings of forestry sci-ence add a recognisable layer to the shire. I Remnants of a once proud railway network survj-ve. Together these elements remind us of the importance of creswick within t the history of Victoria and make a significant contrj-bution to the heritage of the state. I I t t

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I Section 2 Heritage Planning in the Shire of Creswick t Contents

I Introduction t Proposed Conservation Areas - Built Areas Precinct 1 Allendale 3 Precinct 2 Creswick Township 7 I Precinct 3 Clunes Road precinet t2 Precinct 4 Melbourne Road,/Ayres Street precinct 15 Precinct 5 Creswick Cemetery t7 I Precinct 6 Australaeian Mine Disaster Site 1g Precinct 7 PubIic Gardens Reserve 2L Precinct I Elizabeth Street Precinct 24 Precinct I Gardiner Street precinct 27 t Precinct 10 SchooI Of Forestry precinct 2g Preeinct 11 KinEBton Township 32 Precinct L2 KooroocheanEl 35 T Precinct 13 Newlyn and New1yn North 38 Preeinet L4 Sneaton 41 Preeinct 15 Springnount 44 t Individually Listed Buildinge

Al lendale 49 I B Ianp ied 4g Canpbe 1 ltown 49 Creswick 49 T Dean 50 Eganstown 50 Glengower 50 T Kangaroo Hills 51 Kingeton 51 Kooroocheang 51 Ls.wrence 51 T Mollongghip 52 Hoorookyle 52 I I t l I ' 4.' I t

Individually Listed Buildings (cont_ ) I I Hount Prospect 52 Hount Prospect North 52 Newlyn 52 Newlyn North 52 I Rocklyn 53 Scrub Hill 53 Sneaton 53 I Snokeytown 53 Springnount 54 Su lky 54 I UIlina 54 t I I I t t I

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I e Plann in the Shire of Creswick I Introduction The creswick Heritage study may have sev€rraI outcomes: the identification of heritage sites, T information about the history of the Shire and individual sites brought together in one place and the basis for mantgement of these sites and areas. ll The shire of creswick and an its towns, farms and randscapes have identifiabre character that sets them apart from other country areas in Victoria and Australia. This is a ll- of its Iand form, vegetatjon, combination This buildings and mining rerics. character is the heritage of i;;-o"oole who rive anct in creswick and is part of tne work Australia- heritage of Victoria and li creswick is one of the cnain of country towns in this region that was part of gold changed the mining experience which the face of Victoria and Australia in the Nineteenth century. The management of responsibility this heritage is in the main the I of the local governr..i-authority. It is the challenge that the shire taces to i"i"g" these assetg. Under the planning T & Environrnent Act the shire has a responsibility to ,nanage the heritage way of managing assets in its area. The these areas can be varied to meet the needs of re and number of heritage items :o inc lude wi thin the Shire . s ncts where there is a grouping buildings or the area as a I e than its constituent parts ildings for protection. This solated buildings and sites. I To protect and retain the heritage of an arEra, it is necessary to include soJn€r control mechanisri planning unlesE in the scheme. contror by issue of a permit is incruded in the I Planning scheme, there is no mechanism of buildings to prevent demolition and works that are not listed on the Register of Historic Buirdings. Although planning controls prace restraints on bui lding owners I retain it does aI lotal the community to its heritage assets. It is our opinion that it is better to make the position crear community's to land owners regarding the T E!xp€rctation regarding heritage assets by placing these under planning contrors r-ih.. the time proposed than facing problems at of demolition. In this way land owners aware of possibre special controls are T plan accordingly. and constraints ancr can The controls can be broad based and interpretation by shire officers can be made and council or they can be specific and I detailed so that only limited deviation can Council and its Officers. be made by the t I

T T 2 I The character of creswick is that of an ar€ra which deveroped frorn the smal I miner and farmer and the employed miner who worked in the deep lead mining companies' operations. The I major imprint reft on the shire from this era is the smal I timber cottages that cluster in townships and in the farming ar€las. These simple buildings, while not individually of great I architectural and historical importance form the basis of the Shire's character and heritage and should be retained wherever possible. The loss of these buildings would be the loss of much of the character of the Shrre. I Given the wide range of heritage items identified in the survey of the shire we recommend that the controls be of a I simple and broad nature. The objectives of the controls to be that a permit is needed to: Demolish a scheduled building or buildings within t Heritage Precincts. To make alterations and additions to a scheduled building t or buildings within Heritage Precincts only by permit. Broad Guidelines to be developed to give guidance for the I administration of these controls for each Heritage precinct and building type. Many of these guidelines have been developed for other areas and with rninor modification would be T suitable for application within the shire of creswick. Controls ovElr paint colours iE not proposed but controls which specify no painting of previously unpainted surfaces without a I permit and controls over r€!-cradding and changing of surface treatments are recoJnrnended. t Fencing could be dealt with by not requiring a permit for fenceE under 1.2 metres high . This would reduce the number of permits required within Heritage Precincts and for scheduled buildings. I New buildings within Heritage precincts need to be carefully assessed so that their impact on the character of the area is I minirnised. In the Iarger subdivision areas, this can be deart with by set backs frorn the boundaries and height controls. In the more closely settled areas and areas of particular streetscape value more detailed controls may be necessary, I with attention given to building and roof form, and materials. I I I

I I t PROPOSED HERITAGE I PRECINCTS - BUILT HERITAGE PRECINCT t - Altendale t Extent of Area GeneralIy the area including Main Road (Lone Hand Roact) Smith Street to Smeaton Roai twest B;;ry parkin from from Lone Hand Road to Road), Street T Elizabeth Loughlin Street Street from Lone Hand Road to the intersection of include cottages at Dibdin Street.(See attached Map No.1) I Staternent of Significance The remaining buildings and trees in the combination of the mature II Elizabeth stieet, the street rayout and pattern, the remnants of rnunicipar subdivision and water supply works such as the drainage combine to mark this area as a tangible reminder of the bustling t?Tl that lr gold mines of their ;;=; t" =J.r-i.'"-"1n" richest importance time. Allendale is of Regional and state as a remnant of these towns- I, Description Al lendale owed its existence to the growth of large scale company mining of the cresw_ick deep of this svstem began ieaas system. Exproitation petered in LgTz and i!=i"o until viable returns out in the early twentietn ."il,.rry. Ii_ Although deep read-mining required significant capitar, crucial input was rabour. Arong the towns the ii." ot the read, smar r sprang .up_overnight to nouse miners It srnokeytown, |,Jal tacetowi, j]rr=-t",and their families; Dibdintiwn'r'- and Al IendaIe. of these, the site of Ritenoale contains of this important the most significant ti ;r"llil:= period in the history of Victorian The Dibdintown section of the late nlrellare sprang into existence in 1g7os when Thornas oiooin--purchased 90 I land on the west side of Maini. acres of IocaI Iandholder.The Road tror "Baron,,BelI, a major section east of Main Road by Parkin and Batten in iggr was subdivided The township and was rnown as Ristori Town. t was unusuat in that it was built on freehold rather than on a township rGlserv€!. land The town housed miners t the working in the nearby mines, notably Ristori Freehold which oefan gotJ proo.r.tion 30rooo ouncEls of gold wer€r recovered in La7a7 Robert J' smyth, marr"g-r in the next two years. rnayor of the Ristori,nir," became a virtual t of the township whose popuration, l5g rapidlv to L362 (in 315 houses) in 1gg1, ros.! of the century ten y""r= later. By the turn the town h"ll notei], two schools, Mechanics Institute, post office,-:i, poLi;; a I and six places of worship station, court House Allendale neatly balancing the hotels. I even boasted its own cab service. I -t -D .l t I ndale as a rent col lector on

The town Nas s€r€rn by many The original inhabitants as a temporary creation. t jinker speculation Hotel was transported to Allendale from Broomfierd. rt left Brooriiela fully by opened in AlIendale on arrival stocked and business without losing a day,s I ' Later tnany houses werEr I i kewise other sites as nearby' mines, transported to fortunes decrined. I

T tanged from co,npany operation lowrtr to or reduced operations f rom t it Berry closed in L7LZ. The way station, closed in LgZg. e stagnated. Businesses closed t

T t Eownship are alI important as Dopulation in this township. Ehe combination of the mature I itreet Iayout and subdivision raI works such as the drainage r this area as a tangible I :o service the richest mines of Purpose I To conserve and enhance areas of aesthetic, architecturar, historic and scientific special cultural value. importance, or of I To ensure that deveroprnent is cornpatibre character with the I ::g::a"".=, and appearance of the heritage t

l.Mich . ,r.5Lt-.lry, ex€rrcises, f or Master of Arts -e.-L(public FlelC, tfip University lgBg History) Monasn i LI I r_'

I I I Table 1. Allendale - Eontributory Buildings, lilorks and Places I File No. Timber House Bel I Street 1 Timber House Parkin St 2 t Former School Teacher's House Parkin St 3 Former Allendale School Parkin St 4 Timber House Elizabeth St 5 Timber House Elizabeth St 6 I Former Al lendale General Main Rd 7 Store Former AIlendaIe Post Office Main Rd I I Timber House Loughlin St 9 Greenwel I's Farmhouse Main Street 10 Cast Iron StandFipe Main Street l1 Former Bakery Cnr Main Rd & Smyth L2 t St Timber House Main Rd 13 Timber House Parkin St t5 I Timber House Off Parkin St 16 Bluestone Kerbing North West Cnr Main Rd & Elizabeth St I Brick BarreI Drains Western Side of Main Rd and Iron Grates between Smyth St & West Berry Rd Avenue of Trees Elizabeth Street Wooden Trough Elizabeth Street I Street planting Parkin Street I Objectives . To retain the characteristic late nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings of the area. I - To encourag€! the retention and enhancement of the existing Iandscape character of the area which consists of avenues of street trees, gravel road vergesrand I remnant public works, including stand pipe, brick drains, bluestone kerb and wooden trough. I . To encourage the use of characteristic building forms these being hipped and gabled roofs of a pitch greater than 15 degrees in any new buildings or additions. I . To encouraqE the use of traditional building materials in any nelw building or addition. These are face brickwork, I weatherboard, and corrugated metal roofing. . To maintain the characteristic low height and open character of front fences. Fences to be generally t below l2oomm, in compatible materiars to those used in the arera. Fences should be generarly of an open nature such as timber pickets.

I . New buirdings setback f rorn the street boundary the sam€r distance as the greater setback of the adjoining I buildings. . To encourage single storey t developments. t*li t 6 t Requirements The requirements of this clause apply to land in Heritage I Precinct 1 as designated on the planning scheme rnap. A permit is required to: t

. Demolish or remov€r any building listed on Table 1 . Construct a building including a fence. t . Alter externally any building or place by structural work, rendering, sandblasting or in any other way t . Subdivide land T . construct or carry out works including municipal works in heritage areas. . Construct or di.splay a sign. I This does not apply to repairs or routine maintenance to buildings and places that do not change the external T app€raranc€r, construction of fences under 1.2 metres in height or to painting previously painted external surfaces. Guidelines for permit t Before deciding on an application the responsible authority must consider : t . The purpose of this clause. I The importance, character and appearance of the building or place to be demolished, removed or Externally altered. Nhether the locationr bulk and appearance of the proposed I building will adversely affect the importance, character and appearance of adjacent buildings and the area. I whether the proposed works will adversely affect the importance character and appearance of the area. I whether the subdivision will resurt in development in keepi.ng with the character and appearance of adjacent buildings and the area. I whether the sign will adversery affect the character and app€tarance of the building or arEra. I The contents of the shire of cregwick Heritage study adopted by the council on t

C- t t 7 PRECINCT 2 - Cressick Township I Extent of Area Albert street /Raglan street/cambridge street/Victoria st t Church/ Napier Streets Heritage Precinct Statement of Significance I creswick township is the main town within the Shire. The area includes the major public buildings, com,n€lrciaI centre, churches and the inner residential areas. The linear I streetscape of AIbert Street between Melbourne Road and Cushing Avenue is an important col lection of substantial two storey shops, single storey timber shops, public buildings, t hotels and residences. The curving nature of the street, the street planting, the central rotunda and the wide intersections and the many nineteenth century buildings combine to make this area the focal point of the character of I the Shire. I Description The civic and commercial heart of the Town of creswick including clunes Road, AIbert street from the Bridge to south of the Melbourne Road, Cambridge Street, the Hospital, I Precinctr Drummond street, Victoria street to the station, Raglan street and the church hill area. Included in the area t are residential buildings. The Government Precinct in Albert and RagIan streets which includes the row of public buildings and prominent commercial I premises on the west side of Albert street between HaIl and RagIan streets and the buil,dings in Raglan street from Albert Street to the station. T The cornmercial Precinct along the west side of Arbert Street which consists of a row of predominantly two-storeyed premises I following the curving street alignment.S The Precinct of community Buildings and commercial buildings which Iine the east side of AIbert Street between Water Street and the Melbourne Road including the Town HaIl, Masonic Lodge t and the Salvation Army Building. t Purpose . To conserve and enhance areas of aesthetic, architectural r historic and scientific importance, or of T special cultural vaIue. . To ensure that development is cornpatible with the importance, character and appearance of the heritage I area.

5.Chris McConville and Associates Pty Ltd, Cultural Landscapes I Studv of Creswick Goldfields Area for the Australian Heritage Commission, n.d. I t I t Table 2. Creswick Township - Contributory Buildings, Works and Places File No. I Timber Building L2 Albert St 55 Timber Shop 18 Albert St 37 Timber Shop 20 Albert St 58 T Timber House 22 Albert St 59 Timber House 24 AIbert St 60 Timber Shop 26 AIbert St 6L Timber Shop 30 Albert St 62 t Timber Shop 32 Albert St 63 Pasco's Timber Yard, 38-40 AIbert St 64 Shop and House T Timber House 54 AIbert St 65 Timber Shop 64 Albert St 66 Timber House 66 Albert St 67 Former Town Hal I AIbert Street 68 t Former Eank of NSW Albert Street 69 and Stables Chemist Shop Albert Street 70 T Anierican Hotel AIbert Street 7L Salvation Army HaI I Albert Street 72 Brick Shop AIbert Street 73 I Hasonic Hal I Albert Street 74 Brick House lO2 AIbert Street 73 Former Tait's Store Albert Street 76 and dwel I ing I St Andrew's Uniting AIbert Street 77 Church (Presbyterian ) Timber House 11 AIbert Street 78 I Timber House 13 AIbert Street 79 Timber Cottage 23 AIbert Street 80 Farmer's Arms Hotel Albert St 81 T British HoteI Albert St 82 Brick Shop AIbert St B3 Shop (P. Burke, Draper) AIbert Street 84 I Hardware Store Albert St 86 Creswick Auto Tune AIbert St 88 Two Storey Brick Shop AIbert St 89 I Two Storey Shops AIbert St 90 SingIe Storey Shops AIbert St 91 Rotunda AIbert St 93 Creswick Post Office AIbert St s4 I Victoria Institute Atbert St 95 & Free Library GoId Office Albert St 96 I School of Art and Albert St 97 Tec hno I ogy Former Bank of Albert St 9B New South Wales I Timber House 1OS Albert St 99 Timber House Albert St Cnr South St loo Timber House LL7 AIbert St 101 I War memorial Cambridge St 115 Curtin Memorial Fountain Cambridge St r16

Lindsay Memorial Cnr Cambridge & Victoria St L2L

f-- I t I 9 Timber House 29 Cambridge St Timber L22 I House 32 Cambridge St 123 Timber House 54 Cambridge St L26 Former Home A.J. Peacock 59 Cambridge St L2A House 60 Cambridge St L29 t Timber House 61 Cambridge St 150 Fiddian Memorial Cambridge St 131 Timber House 63 Cambridge St Ti.mber 133 I House 67 Cambridge St 134 Peacock Memorial Cambridge St r35 Timber Cottage 88 Church St 150 Lewer's House Cnr Church & HaII Sts 151 t Birthplace John Eurtin Cnr Church & Hal I Sts L32 Timber House 99 Church St 153 Timber Cottage 1O3 Church St Former 154 I Vicarage 1O4 Church St 155 Timber Cottage 2L Drummond St LS6 Timber Cottage 23 Drummond St Timber L97 t Cottage 23 Drummond St 198 Timber Cottage 29 Drurnrnond St L99 Timber House L7 Hal I St 2L6 Timber House 58 Lewers St 231 I Timber House 60 Lewers St 232 Timber House 54 Napier St 233 Timber House Napier St 236 I Creswick District Napier St 237 Hospita I Timber House 86 Napier St Tirnber 23A T House 90 Napier St 259 Timber House 91 Napier St 260 Timber House 1O2 Napier St 26L St John's Anglican Napier St T Church 262 St John's Church Hal I Napier St 263 Timber House 1OB Napier St Tirnber 264 t House 151 Napier St 263 Timber Cottage 133 Napier St 266 St. Augustine's Hall Napier St Former 267 Convent Napier St 26Ej I St. Augustine' s Cathol ic Napier St Church 269 Brick House Napier St Cnr South St 270 T Bluestone Lock-Up Raglan St Former 2A2 Courthouse Raglan St 283 Former Police Station Raglan St Timber 2e4 t House 6 Raglan St zfj3 Tirnber Cottage E| Raglan St 2e6 Timber Cottage 10 Raglan St Timber House 287 12 Raglan St 2AA T Creswick Primary School Raglan St Cnr Napier St Timber House 249 32 Raglan St 29('J^ Timber House 36 Raglan St Timber 29L House Cnr Raglan & Lewers Sts 292 I Former Railway Residence Cnr Victoria Timber & Lewers St 308 House Victoria St 509 Timber House Cnr Victoria St & Napier Timber House St 310 I 23 Victoria St 311 Timber House 30 Victoria St I 312 I 10 I Timber House 33 Victoria St 513 Timber House 34 Victoria St 314 Timber House 36 Victoria St 315 t Former Parsonage Cnr Victoria & Napier Sts 5r6 Former Wesleyan Hall Victoria St 517 Creswick Railway Station Victoria St 518 t Objectives T . To retain the characteristic late nineteenth and earl y twentieth century buildings of the area. To encourage the retention and enhancement of the I existing landscape character of the ar€ra which includes street trees, plantations and gravel road verges. . To encourage the use of characteristic building forrns - I these being hipped and gabled roofs of a pitch greater I than 15 degrees in any new buildings or additions. t . To encourage the use of traditional building materials in any new building or addition. These include face I brickwork, rendered rnasonry, weatherboard, and corrugated I metal roofing

. To maintain the characteristic low height and open character of front fences. I Requirements I The requi rernErn ts of thi s c I ause app I y to land in Heritage Precinct 2 as designated on the planning scheme rnap. A permit is required to: t . Demolish or remover any buitding listed on Table I I . Construct a building including a fence. . Arter externally any building oF place by structural I work, rendering, sandblasting or in any other way . Subdivide land I . Construct or carry out works including municipal works in heritage areas. I . Construct or display a sign. This does not apply to repairs or routine maintenance to T buildings and places that do not change the external appearanc€!, construction of fences under 1.2 metres in heig ht or to painting previously painted external surfaces. I I I 1l Guidelines for permit I Before deciding on an application the responsible authority must consider i I . The purpose of this clause. . The importance, character and appearance of the building I or prace to be demolished, removed or external.ly altered. . Nhether the location, bulk and appearance of the proposed building will adversery affect the importance, character T and appearance of adjacent buildings and the area. . Nhether the proposed works will adversely affect the t irnportance character and appearance of the area. . Nhether the subdivision will result in development in keeping with the character and appearance of adjacent I buildings and the area.

. whether the sign wiII adversely affect the character and I appearance of the building or area. . The contents of the shire of creswick Heritage study I adopted by the council on I I I I t t

T I I t t L2 I PRECINCT 5 - Clunes Road Heritaqe Precinct Extent of Area I Both sides of clunes Road from Bridge street to No.Lza clunes Road, south of the Cernetery. t Statement of SignificancG! This area was known as North Creswick and is important .for the I Iineal nature of the buildings and the collection of smalI timber cottages that represent the character of the residential buildings of Cregwick. I Description T The buildings either side of clunes Road and North parade consist of a majority of Nineteenth century housing on suburban allotments. The lineal nature of the arEla expresses the extension of creswick to the Australasian Mine sites and T the division of the town into North and south by the creswick Creek. T Purpose . To conserve and enhance areas of aesthetic, architectural, historic and scientific importance, or of T special cultural value. . To ensure that development is compatible with the I importance, character and appearance of the heritage area. I Table 3. clunes Road Precinct - contributory Buildings, bforks and Places File No. I House North Parade 27L Tirnber House l1 North Parade 272 Rendered House 13 North Parade 273 T Former Graham Residence 53 Clunes Rd 160 Timber Cottage 62 Clunes Rd 161 Timber Cottage 64 Clunes Rd L62 North Creswick Uniting Clunes Rd r6s t Churc h Timber House 67 Clunes Rd L64 Timber House 76 Clunes Rd 165 I Timber Cottage 7A Clunes Rd L67 Timber Cottage AO Clunes Rd L69 Timber Cottage 86 Clunes Rd L7u T Shop & Dwelling 9L Clunes Rd L7L Southern Blue 6um Outside 91 Clunes Rd L72 (E. GIobuIus) Timber House 92 Clunes Rd L74 I Timber Cottage 96 C1unes Rd L73 Timber House lof Clunes Rd L78

Timber House 106 Clunes Rd 1AO a I I 13 Rendered House llO CIunes Rd LA2 Timber Cottage 111 Clunes Rd 183 I Timber House LLz Clunes Rd 184 Brick House 114 Clunes Rd 185 Timber House tf5 CIunes Rd 185 t Timber House LzA Clunes Rd 188 Objectives T To retain the characteristic Iate nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings of the area. t To encourage the siting of new buildings to face towards CIunes Road. I To encourage the use of characteristic building forms these being hipped and gabled roofs of a pitch greater than 15 degrees in any new buildings or additions. T To encourage the use of traditional building materiars in any new building or addition. These are face brickwork, rendered masonry, weatherboard, and corrugated metal T roofing.

To maintain the characteristic low height and open I character of front fences. Requirements T The requirements of this clause apply to land in Heritage Precinct 3 as designated on the planning scheme rnap. I A permit is required to: Demolish or remove any building listed on Table J I Construct a building including a fence. AIter externally any building or place by structural I work, rendering, sandblasting or in any other way Subdivide Iand T construct or carry out works including municipal works in heritage areas. t . Construct or display a sign. This does not apply to repairs or routine maintenance to T buildings and places that do not change the external aPpearance' construction of fences under L.2 metres in height I or to painting previously painted external surfaces. I I t

I t4 I Guidelines for pernit I Before deciding on an apprication the reaponsibre authority must consider: The purpose of this clause_ I The t inportance, character and appearanc€r of the building or prace to be demolished, renoved or externarly altered. t l{hether the location, burk and appearance of the proposed building will adversely affect tha importance, chiralter I and appearance of adjacent buildings and the area. {{hether the proposed tI works wirr adversely affect the T inportance, character and appearance of the area. llhether the subdivision wirl result in developnent in keeping with the character and appearanee or lajacent I buildings and the atea.

whether the sign wirr advereely affect the eharacter and appearance of the building or area. I The contents of the shire of creswick Heritage study adopted by thE council on t t I t I I t I I

I I I 15 PRECINCT 4 - Melbourne Road/Ayres Street Heritage Precinct t Extent of Area

Eoth si.des of Melbourne Road from Albert Street to Semmens t Avenue, Ayres Street and the Ore Crushing Battery. Statement of Significanc€l l The remaining nineteenth century buildings are the important remnants of an early commercial centre of Creswick located I near the site of early alluvial diggings. Description t This collection of smal,I timber buildings clusters around the important cross-roads Ieading to Melbourne and BaIlarat. The precinct contains buildings of early design and detail and is n€rar the site of early alluvial diggings. This arera was one of t the early commercial areas on Creswick diggings. It was a busy commercial area: in La67 there were two hotels and ten shops. I Purpose . To conserve and enhance areas of aesthetic, architectural, historic and scientific importance, or of t special cultural vaIue. . To ensure that development is compatible with the I importance, character and appearance of the heritage area. T Table 4. ilelbourne Road/Ayres street precinct - contributory Buildings, hlorks and Places FiIe No. Timber Cottage L2 Ayre= Street L07 t Timber Cottage 14 Ayres Street 108 Ore Crushing Battery Battery Crescent 110 Timber Cottage lO Melbourne Rd 244 T Timber House 12 Melbourne Rd 243 Timber House 15 Melbourne Rd 246 Timber House L4 Melbourne Rd 247 T Timber House 19 Melbourne Rd 244 Timber House 28 Melbourne Rd 250 Timber House 29 Melbourne Rd 23L I Timber House 30 Melbourne Rd 232 Objectives T . To retain the characteristic late nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings of the area. . To encourage the use of characteristic building forms I these being hipped and gabled roofs of a pitch greater I than 15 degrees in any new buildings or additions. t t 16 I I

rrecinctJj:^l_.euirenents -"" or this t e deeignar;J ;"r.1;: ;i:r,I ,ed to: I e&ove anv buirding: ' ' conetru I cr a building includirg I . A]ter " externally anv r workr rerdert;;; ]fio;yl]gins o, t . rasting o" Subdivide land T i f;::il:;:t":"""""." ou. works incl san . Conetruct or T I display a sign. I t ight a.i Guidelines for pernit LI ; I ff5;":."oiio'3r'"i ". an appricarion t the t { ?he purpose o i I ;:;;;,",,il...ff Iding *":.,....,* re.ovedr." tered. I Lf-"ll:. the ro.o+.:^- .----' ]d i"s bu I t t and:-u-i upp.uii,.'.""ir i'jr",ll:1, - -"-ir#.dk opoeed "3I'::"rJqqJacent iil" cter llh_etherfhp+h^_ "qrldtnEbuifJiie, ;' I inpo"ta,,."the DFnn^__, I ] ;;:l::;:""fjj""1r_ *..!r r r adv he Ihcf h^_ appearanc, I t in ** ent l{hether I t the s. "pp.""ir,"-.'oe-tf and il""ot",rrrif JJ..=."rL-"_r, er

L t l t7 The eontents of the Shire of Creswick Heritage Study I adopted by the council on i t I I I t I

T I I t t I t t I t I

18 T PRECII{CT 5 - Cressick Ceneterv Extent of Area t The Creswick Cenetery Reserve, Clunes t Road. T Statenent of Significance t The Ceuetery contains the nonument to the Australasian Hining T Disaster and many other nenorials to the pioneers of creswick. The area is inportant for the rayout of the sections, nenorial t stones and related works and ael a cultural record to the hardships of the early period of settlenent. I Description t T In the initial gold rush through Creswick, a rough burial ground $ras carved out of the Black Lead- This served the t transitory digging town until 1858 when the fornal cemetery eras opened on the Clunes Road in North Creswick. The cenetery t had its first burial five days before Christnas in the Bane year when a ehild, John James Bunyan was buried. The cemetery has a fornar layout with a central avenue as a distinguishing T feature. In the centre of the Avenue Etands the nenorial to the men killed in the Australasian Mine Disaster of L882. John T Grahan in EarLy Cteswick wrote that "nearly every pioneer I fanily in the district has nenbers whose remains lie in a peaceful and hallowed spot. It is devoutly to be trusted that future generations wirr reverence and grotect the resting t place of their ancestorB".7 t t Purpose t . To conserve and enhance areas of aesthetic, architectural, historie and scientific inportance, or of special cultural vaIue. t To ensure that development is coopatible with the inportance, character and appearance of the heritage t_ area. I t_ Table 5- Creswi.ck Cenetery - Contributory Buildings, lforks and t PIaces FiIe If o - [" Creswick Cenetery Reserve 18s t Objectives t_ I To protect, naintain and enhanee the historic character t of the cenetery. I

Study of C.eswick Goldfields for the Australian Heritage Connission, n.d. L I 19

1:=:::"urase and existing I e retention ent of the T natu -i cape character o conslsts plots._of s, pathwaYs and a whi.ch t; "" ing layout of t Requirenents t 3l:" .;"1:"i:, cl.ause appl ff : i :;" :i:; on d in Heritage t the plan eme map' T 4 Pernit is required to: I 'i.,,,'i, Construet a building .. ti including f :ii' -;.:t: f : .:'t Alter externally any building work, rendering, sandblasting o by structural I o other waY l' Subdivide ]and I Con st ruc t carry out r- her i t age areas._or works inc municiPal works in I Construct T or display a sign. This does not EErn.lrr +^ repairs buirdi;;; ,n"a" ^"fl-11-t:, or rou intenance co I appearance,appearance- .:_*^Pj:?::,t!ut do not external or works associated::_rlii;;*;":;i:i:r;T:: "iJn- external surfaces, t "iIfr-i,r"1a-ts - I Guidelines for pernit Before decidirri on t nust eonsia"r an application the authoritY T sible The purpose of this clause. I The inportanc€, or place to b, .character and appe ce of the building aenoii;;;;,.""norr"d externallY altered. T the tocarion, Ih:lf:t butk nce of the ProPosed 3*J':::9"and appearance :j: i^ ;l:. i= J ri-"Tr"":i ;fl: ortance, charaeter or nd the area. I{hether "ai"l"ni'iiirjli I the proposed works tnportance, eharacter will advo elY affect the and appearanc€ f the area. t Whether the sr Keepins wirh-;;;';il;;'jf;;..witr, ,tllt:l::li*!i11 resut.r in developnent in bu:u!":pins i ld ings -ri"' ";;;"':,1', and appersrance of adi acent ""i,.,.1 * *^ trl|--rr l "JJir{_iG."":.I":jladverselv appearanceIJ;j*:""t3"^:t*"1- or tr.,, ".i1J, afr"ct the character and contents of rhe adoptedIl" by shif{re of Creswick Heritage Study the "JoJ"ii.-;i ::.::::f I T 20 I PRECINCT 6 - Australasian l{ine Disaster Site Ertent of Area I Australasian Mine Disaster Slte. t Statenent of Significance The site is a memorial to the worst gold nining disaster of T its tine and is iurportant as a representative of the deep lead nines for which Creswick was fanous and on which it was founded. T Description

This area is representative of the Dore than thirty deep 1ead t nines in this area of which few rennants renain. Shafts have been filled and saveral of the nullock heaps have disappeared. The Australasian No.2 Mine is auongst thosl which do rLnain. T The nine nullock heap is near to a pine plantation, on the site of the first experinental plantings of pine in Victoria. The hedge which enclosed the former State Nursery still survives. The area is also the locati.on of a nassive uining! t disaster in which 22 minata were kirred in Lggz.6 Purgose t To conserve and enhanee areas of aesthetic, architecturar, historic and scientific importanee, or of special cultural value. I To ensure that deveropnent is coupatibre with the inportance, character and appearance of the heritage T area. Table 6- Australasian Mine Dieaeter Site - Contributory Buildings, Works and places I FiIe No. Australasian Hine Disaster Sita 1gO T Objectives To retain the nurrock heaps, shaft entrance and other I relics of the nining era. To encourage the retention and enhaneement of the exisiting landscape character of the area including the I hedge and other rennants of early State Nursery plantings. t I

6-Chris McConville and Associa'tes Ptv Ltd- Cu'ltrrrn'l T.nndsnnnes Study of Cresw'ick Goldfields Area for the Australian Heritage I Comnission, n.d. t . r,,d.*+{*,.1,rtr*$r,{ I t t I Requirenents The requirenents of this clause Preeinct 6 as a""ii""t"J apply to land in Heritage ;; the planning schene Dap. I A pernit is required to: . Construet I a building including a fenee. . ALter externally any building work, rendering, or place by structural sandblastinE ;; i;'""y other way I . Subdivide land out t i:l;1il:t"::"::'"" works incruding nunieipal works in t . Construet or dieplay a sign. Thie does not appry to pi"...-ir,ii-aorepairs or routine naintenance ro I *;:iilf,:":"a noi-"i"ner- tr,. external Guidelinee for pernit t ::::":.::i::l"f "" an application rhe responsibre authority I . The purpoEe of this clauee. ' The importance, character and appearance or place ro be demorished, of the building I ;;r;;;J-o" externalrv ar.tered. ' t{hether the rocation, bulk and appearance-inportance, of the proposed building will adversely affect and appearance t;; character I of adjacent buildings and the area. ' whether the proposed works wirr adversely affect inportance, charaeter and the t "pp."""i"" of the area. ' whether the subdivision wirl result in developnent keeping with the character and in t buildings and the "pp""""rr.. of adjacent ";;;. I{hether the will adversely appearance =161 affeet the character and t of the building ot area-

t;l tr"n:t.,tj;. t;; of c re swi c I ]l;" ;:5 il k H er i t age s rudy I t I I 22 I PRECINCT 7 - Public Gardeng Regerve t Bxtent of Area Area bounded by Castlenaine Road, Bridge Street and Bowen Street. I Statenent of Significance I The site is inportant for the rennant rayout and prantings of the experinental systems garden laid out in 1888. The rotunda and lake are inportant erenents of this forner pleasure glarden. T Description t rn L852 police buirdings and a gord office l?ere erected on this spot. During the arruviar nining period this was the site of adninistration in the town. In 18eB the area wag gazetted T as a site for public gardens and the site was plagted as flower gardens. In 1888, 8s part of the experinental forestry works in creewick, the eite was choeen for a eysteue garden, Exotic treee were introdueed and the process of converting a T cricket ground on the site into an ornanantal lake was begun. Since the 1920s the gardens have not been carad for with the sane enthusiasE as shown in their creation. However the I gardens are on the National Trust of Austraria(victoria) register of Significant Trees. The layout of gardens, treeg, oPen space, rotunda and lake are of culturar and historic t significance. S Purpose t - To conserve and enhance areas of aesthetic, architectural, historie and seientific inportance, or of special cultural value. I To ensure that development is conpatible with the inportance, charaeter and appearance of the heritage 8rea. I Table 7- PubIic Gardens Reserve - Contributory Buildings, tforks and Places I File No. Forner GoId Bridge St (Garden Reserve> tLZ Connissioner's residence I Tinber Rotunda Bridge St (Garden reserve ) 113 Public Gardens Reserve Lt7 I I

Studw of Creswick Goldfields Area for the Australian Heritage Conuission, n.d.

I t_ t a t -. -- - r,-..a!,.. €.l t Objectives t To encourage ' the retention and enhancement of the existing Iandscape character of the area. lr ' To encourage the use of traditionar any new building building materiars in or addition. These are face brickworks, weatherboard and corrugated metal roofing. ll Requirements

The requirements of this clause apply Il Precinct 7 as designated to rand in Heritage on the ptanning scheme rnap. tt- A permit is required to: ' Demor ish or re,nove any bui rding l isted on Tabre 7 . l' Construct a building including a fence. ' Alter externally any pyilding or place work, rendering, sandblastini by structural I "r. ;; any other way . Subdivide land ' construct or carry out works including li heritage areas. municipal. works in lf . Construct or display a sign. This does not apply to repairs or routine maintenance to buiidings and places that do not change apPearance or to painting the external It surfaces. previously painted external Ii t t I I I t I I

f E Guidelines for permit t :::?':"::::::": on an apprication the responsibre authority . The purpose of ' this clause J:"0 ill="'.to""E5'o:I'iir"Ints5, "ls,"igso""L"li.l:"".fi" r""iis:::. I 'i;' ,'"Ii"'iri; andiiil5;;, appearance .-f,s"r"ro"l::-""J" ln."nsll5;::. I of adjacent' "o"llr="ll buildings and the area. ' whether the proposed works :.rnportance will adversery affect the t character and appearance of the area. :[.=ti:':l::::.!l':":=:;["::"::":]":r::"it buildings!:+iil and the area. t ' whether the sign will adversely affect the charactercharac and I appearance of the building or area ' ]5:":::';;'in:'.o..1,".:l'5"= ::_:::=,t.n Heritase srudy I I I t t

T I t I

I I .f-

I I

I 25 PRBCINCT 8 - Blizabeth St precinct I Bxtent of Area Luttet Street fron Elizabeth Street to Government Road to the I west, Elizabeth Street and phillip Street t Statenent of Significance This area of early tinber cottages in a random street layout is representative of the earry Eoosing-and streei-p"it".r,. of t the Shire - Description

I The correction of snarr tinber cottages in the area of Elizabeth straet overrooks the alruvlar diggingB- i. c"."wick creek and forms a eeparate residentiar area rinked to the t 9iggings but separated frou the nain connereial area. The area is inportant as it shows the r.ttJor--rrvt"t of housing located near the diggings in the early daye of creswick,s J;;"ropuent. T Purpose . To conserve and enhance areas of aesthetie, I architecturar, historic and scientifie intortance, or of special cultural va1ue. t . To ensure that deveropnent is conpatible with the inportance, character and area. "pp."""i". of the heritage T Tabre 8- Brizabeth street precinct contributory lforks and Places - Buildings, File No. Tinber House Elizabeth St I Long 202 Point Cottage Cnr Elizabeth & phillip Sts 203 Tiulber House Elizabeth St 204 Tinber House Luttet St I Brick House 235 Tinber Luttet St 236 Cottage Luttet St 237 Tinber Houge Luttet St T Tinber llouse Elizabeth 238 Tinber St 239 Cottage Phillip St 277 Tinber House Phillip St Cnr. Gov. Rd Tinber Cottage 278 T Tinber Luttet St Cnr. Gov. Rd 279 Cottage Gov. Rd. near Luttet St 280 I Objectives To retain the characteristic rate nineteenth and earry twentieth century buildings of the T """"- To encouraE e the use of characteristic building forms these. being hipped and gabled roofs of a pitch greater I than 15 degrees in any new buildings-or additions.

:1 t- ( I a 26 I . To encourage the use of traditionar building materiars in any new building or addition. These arEr f ace brickwork, weatherboard, and corrugated metal roofing. I

. To maintain the characteristic low height and open character of front fences. I Requirements The requirements of this clause apply to Iand in Heritage T Precinct B as designated on the planning scheme map. A permit is required to: I . Demolish or removEr any building listed on Table g . Construct a building including a fence. t . Alter externally any building or place by structural work, rendering, sandblasting or in any other way I . Subdivide land t . construct or carry out works including municipal works in heritage areas. . Construct or disptay a sign. I This does not apply to repairs or routine maintenance to buildings and places that do not change the external I aPpearancErr construction of fences under 1.2 metres in height or to painting previously painted external surfaces. t I I I I

T t

I I, t 27 Guidelines for pernit I Before deciding on an apprication the responsibre authority nust consider : t The purpose of this clause. The importance, character and appearance of the buirding I or prace to be denolished, renoved or externaLly altered. whether the rocation, burk and appearance of the proposed building wilr adversery affect the importance, character I and appearance of adjacent buildings and the area. whether the proposed works wilr adversery affect the t inportance, character and appearance of the area. h|hether the subdivision wirl resurt in developnent in keeping with the character and appearance oe iajacent t buildings and the area.

whether the sign wirl adversery affect the character and t appearance of the building or area. The contents of the shire of creswick Heritage study I adopted by the council on I

T t t I I I

T I I 28 t

Ertent of Area T The East side of Gardiner Street fron semnens Avenue to orr >EreeE. t Statenent of Significance t This row of sinple tinber eottages is a representative streetscape of the characteristic housing of creswick, Description t These buildings forn a streetscape of sinple tinber cottages which gives a strong! indication of the residential character of Creswick. I Purpose I . To consarve and enhance areas of aesthetic, architeetural, historic and scientific inportance, or of special cultural vaIue. I - To enaure that deveropnent is conpatibre with the inportance, character and of the heritage area. "pp""r"n". I Tabla 9- Gardiner street precinct - contributory Buildings, lforks and Places t File No. Tinber House I Gardiner St 205 I Tinber Houee Cnr Gardiner & BelI Sts 206 Tinber Cottage LZ Gardiner St 207 Tinber House L4 Gardiner St 208 I Tinber House 18 Gardiner St 209 Tinber Cottage 24 Gardiner St 2LO Objectives I - To retain the characteristic rate nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings of the area. I . To encouraEle the use of characteristic building these forms being hipped and gabred roofe of a pitch greater T than 15 degrees in any nelr buirdings or additions. ' To encourage the use of traditional building naterials in any new buirding or addition. These are weatherboard, I corrugated netal roofing. and

- To naintain the characteristic low height and open character of front fences. t I t Requirenents I The requirenents of this Precinct g crause apply to rand in Heritage as designated on the planning schene nap. I A pernit is required to: . Denolish or reDove any building listed on Table g I . Construct a building including a fenee. . Alter externally any building I work, or place by structural rendering, sandblastinE oi in any other way I . Subdivide land ' construct or carry out works including nunicipal I heritage areas. works in . Construct or display a sign. This does not sppry to repairs or routine naintenance t buildir'= ana pticis trrai-ao toi-.r,""gJ'th" to aPPearance, construetion external or painting of fences ,rI". L.z natres in height I to previously painted exteinaf surfaces. Guidelines for pernit Before T deciding on an application the responsibre authority must consider ; t . The purpose of this clause. ' The iuportance, character and appearanee or place to be denolished, of the building ""roi!J-o" externally altered. t l{hether ' the rocation, burk-and appearance of the proposed building will adversely affect and ti; importance, character I appearance of adjacent buirdings and the area. . l{hether the proposed works wil1 adversely importanee, character affect the I and "pp""r"r". of the area- t{hether ' the subdivision wilr result in developnent in keeping with the character and of adjacant I buildings and the area- "pp""""rr"" llhether the sign wirr adversery affeet the character and I appearance of the building or area- ].1:-:::.::.:.:f_!1" shire of creswick Heritage study I adopted by the council on I t I 30 I

T Extent of Area Moore Street, Castlenaine Road to Springnount, the forest Areas south to creswick - Dean Road, to Melbourne Road to the I Boundary of the creswick state Forest, Dowring street, and Water Street. Statenent of Significance t This is the site of the first Austrarian school of Forestry and is inportant for the exotic prantings, experimental I prantations, and adjoining forest areas and the colrection of !uildings incruding the Forner creswick Hospitar, Tremearne House and the Nursery 0ffice. The Forestry areas include many I sites of early goldnining including water racea- Description T In 1888, a Government Nursery was estabrished in Sawpit Gurly and by 1904 the sawpit Gurry plantation covered g00 lcres. rn 1910 the school of Forestry was opened in Tremearne House t with teaching staff fron the Balrarat school of Hines. rt was the first of its kind in Austraria. In L9LL/Lz the creswick Hospitar waa acquired and alterations nade to expand the T Schoor. rn 1980 the corlege affiriated with the university of Merbourne. Fron 1910 to lg8o the victorian schoor of Forestry trai-ned so'e 500 foresters. rn Novenber 1gg4 its nane changed to the victorian schoor of Forestry and Land Hanagement. The t precinct is significant for the landscape settingl nineteenth century buildinge and the inpact the echoor and irr" foreEters have had on the adjoining forest and landscape areas I Creswick. of Purpose t . To cons€rrve and enhance areas of aesthetie, architeeturar, historie and scientific importance, or of special cultural value. I - To ensure that deveropment is eonpatibre with the inportance, charaeter and appearaice of the heritage area. I I t t I t 31 Table 10- Schoo1 of Forestry Precinct - Contributory t Buildings, Uorks and PIaces FiIe No. Trenearne House Water St Forner Hospital 320 I (Now School of Forestry) lfater St 32L Forestry Nursery School Of Forestry Midland Highway 322 t Brackenbury Forest Road 322A l{ . G. Spence House Site 3229 llater Race. 322C t Objectives I . To retain the nineteenth century buildings. . To encouraEe the retenti.on and enhancenent of the existing landscape character of the area I . To encourage the use of building forms conpatibre with the existing buildings and landscape of th; area. I ' To ancourage the use of traditional buildinE naterials in any new building or addition. t Requirenents The requirenents of this clause appry to rand in Heritage I Precinct 10 as designated on the planning seheure Bap. A pernit is required to: t . Denolish or renove anV building listed on Table 10 . Construct a building including a fenee. I . Alter externarry any buirding or place by structural work, rendering, sandblasting or in any other way T . Subdivide land . construet or carry out works including nunicipar works in T heritage areas. . Construct or display a sign. I This does not appry to repairs or routine maintenance to buirdings and places that do not change the external appearance, construction of fenees under L-z netres in height t or to painting previously painted external surfaces. t

T I 32 I Guidelines for pernit Before deciding on an application the responsible authority I nust consider : The purpose of this clause. t The importance, character and appearance of the buiLding or praee to be demolished, removed or externarry artered. I whether the rocation, burk and appearance of the proposed building wilr adversery affect the importance, character and appearance of adjacent buildings and the araa. I l{hether the propoeed works wilr adversery affect the inportance, character and appeatance of the area. I }|hether the subdivision wilr reeult in deveropnent in keeping with the character and appearance of adjacent buildings and the area. I

llhether the sign wilr adversely affact the character and appearance of the building or area. t The contents of the shire of creswick Heritage study adopted by the council on t I I I I t I t I

I' : l .lti-t.a, t-,, , ..- q,..d!?,e.,.'. I r I I I wnship Bxtent of Area Fron the intersection of thg t Kingston Rolg norirr-ar6.g.!h" Newstead Road and the Arrendare_ Forner church, -=Ioing, R;ii;; reserve, including rhe railwav r'J crrarr nirl f railway rese_rve south-east to ttr" toii* o110wing the t to victoria Road, station, then eouth (Creswick-Newstead""=t-"iong victoria-noaa to The Avenue n""ai,tnr" allotuenrs both sides of The err""""'to Newstead";;;h-Irrcluding -noaa, on the Creswick pl.us the full t ;f".;;:";: Avenue of Honour incruding the I Statenent of SiEnificance the rural areas of Creswick fron lg5g rt of Kinsston retains ;;;;"=i;iiri."r,t to t era which interpret this -ff," ,n alEo derivee from the lineir"of"] nature by the avenue tree planti"J-"o"lrasting of I I flat farnland. Deseription t The land around Kingston rras included in the early land sales ii i3i3; i33"rtt.i""Eiop"a^"= an agriculturat .".,i'"-"t rirst. IaB influenced bv ,r" n the area and then I has been aB a civic , ent. fts nain role Proclained a road dir reswick district was from the Kingston Hor election declared T beeane the SEir" of ( the road district occupied the new cou, 1.:l: ;l"t;:r:jricers T r analganation of the , After L9ZZ the Ited to new grounds red to Creswick which I rn Kingston. town enphasised by the the surrounding avenue tree prant;;t"::::::.i:*.lirn T fiat i""ri""a. S Purpose . To conserve and I architectural, enhance areas of aesthetic, historic and r"i..r,tie i. inportanee, t speeial cultural value- or of To ensrure that developuent is eonpatible character with the l"r:::a"".., and appearance of the heritage T

T Ltd, .Cu1tural Landscaoes tL the Austral ian T."f t"g.

lt'' t- 34 I Table 11. Kingston Township Contributory and Places - Buildings, lrlorks I FiIe No. Chaff Mi I I Al lendale-Kingston Kingston Rd 370 Railway Station Al lendale-Kingston Rd Kingston Showgrounds 370A Al Iendale-Kingston Rd 3708 I Timber Cottaqe Al lendale-Kingston Timber Rd 37L House Al lendale-Kingston Rd Timber House 372 Cresr,lick-Newstead Rd 373 Former Creswick Shire Creswick-Newstead I Hall Rd 374 Former Shop Creswic k-Newstead House Rd 375 Creswic k-Newstead Rd 376 I House Creswic Timber k-Newstead Rd 377 r House Creswic k -Newstead Rd Kingston Inn 37A Creswic k-Newstead Rd 379 I Timber Cottage Creswic k-Newstead House Rd 3BO Creswic k-Newstead Rd 381 Former Methodist Church Kingston post Creswic k -News tead Rd 382 I Office Creswic k -Newstead Rd 584 Tirnber House Creswic k Former Post -News tead Rd 385 Office Creswi c k -Newstead Rd 386 Timber House Creswic t Former Police k-News tead Rd 3e7 Station Creswic k-Newstead Rd 388 Two Storey Brick House Timber Creswic k-NewE tead Rd 589 Sheds Creswic k-Newstead Rd Timber House 390 I Creswic k-News tead Rd 391 Timber House Creswic Cottage k-Newstead Rd 392 Creswic k -Newstead Rd 395 Kingston State School Creswic k-News tead I House Rd. 394 Creswic k-News tead Rd 395 War Memorial & Avenue Crest^ric Former k-Newstead Rd 396 Church of England Cnr Kingston & I NewEtead 405 Timber Werona Rds House Werona-Kingston Rd Timber House 415 Werona-Kingston Rd 4L4 I Objectives

To retain the characteristic late nineteenth and early I twentieth century buildings of the area. To encourage the retention and enhancement of the I existing landscape character of the of the area which consists Avenue of Honour, other street trees, graver road vergesrand remnant public works. I To encourage the use of characteristic building forms these being hipped and gabled roofs of a pitch than 15 degrees in greater "ny ne, buildings or additions. I To encourage the use of traditional any buircting materials in new building or addition. These aFEr face brickwork, rendered brickwork, weatherboard, I roofing. and corrugated metal

re trnaracterrsti.c Iow height and open character of front fences. t t'-

I T

T t-

T Requirenents The requirements of this clause apply Precinct 11 as designatea-on to land in Heritage I the ;i;;"iie schene map. A pernit is required to: T . Denolish or renove anV building Iisted on Tab1e 11 . Construet a building including a fence. I . Alter externally any building work, rendering, or place by structural sandblastinE ;; in any other way I . Subdivide land ' construct or carry out works incruding nunicipar t heritage areas. works in . Construct or display a sign. I This does not appry buirdings to- repairs or routine naintenance to and praci= ttrii-oo tn. externar app.arance, construction of fences"oi-"t,""g"- ,rrrl". 1.2 t or to painting previousrv painted metres in height "ii.in"r surfaces. I Guidelines for perait Before deciding on an application must consider; the responsibre authority I . The purpose of this clause. ' The inportance, character and appearance T or place to be denolished, of the building "rroilJ-o" externally altered. llhether ' the rocation,,burk_and appearance of proposed buildinE will adversely affect the I and appearance ti; inportanee, character of adjacent buildiics and the area- . I{hether the proposed works will adversely affect I inportanee, character and the "pp."""ii" of the area- ' whether the subdivision wirl keeping resurt in deveropment in T with the character and of adjacent buildings and the area. "pp."""rr"" I{hether the sign wiII T adversely affect the character and appearance of the buitding or area. The contents of the Shire of Creswick Heritage Study t adopted by the council on

T I (

I I 36 t PRECII|CT LZ - Kooroocheang Bxtent of Area I Both sides of llerona-Kingston Road fron I'tuddy Creek to intersection with [{ilsons Road. I Statenent of Significance I The area is siglnif icant as a rennant of a snall rural connunity with Iinks to the earliest white occupation of the area. t Description The first settrers in the area were tenant farners of captain t Hepburn. Kooroocheang! was on the route fron Ht. Franklin, where Edward Stone Parker had set up the aboriginal station at Franklinford, via the Hepburn honestead to Creswick and Ballarat This quickly becane the coach route. The Hj.t or I Hiss hotel was established on the banks of the Muddy Creek and becama the nucreus for the vilrage that developed to service the loca1 farning connunity. The area was known as Hit or Miss T until the uining era when it rraE renaned KooroocheanE after the Kooroocheang Mine. The area is significant as a rannant of a snalr rural connunitv with rinks to the earliest white I occupation of the area.2

Purpose T . To eonserve and enhance areas of aesthetic, architectural, historic and scientific importance, or of special cultural vaIue. t To ensure that developnent is conpatible with the inportanee, character and appearance of the heritage area. t

Table L2- Kooroocheang - Contributory Buildings, Uorks and Places I File No. Forner Hit or Miss HoteI Kingston-Werona Rd 42L Koorootyngh Cottage T (Forner Hethodist Chureh)Kingston- l{erona Rd 422 Forner SchooI House Kingston-l{erona Rd 424 Former SehooI Residence Kingston-llerona Rd 425 Forner Kooroocheang Post I 0f f ice Rd Kingeton-l{erona 426 I I

Z- J.l'. SeweII., The Eatl.y Yeats., A Short History of Kooroocheang!, Creswick 1988 t t 37 t Objectives ' To retain the characteristic rate nineteenth and earry twentieth century buitdings-of-;;. area. T ' To encourage the retention and existing landscape enhancenent of the of character of the area which consists I street trees, and gravel road verges. ' To encourage the use of charaeteristic thesa being hipped building forns than and gabled ;;;;= of a pitch greater I 15 degrees in any new buildings or additions. ' To encouraEe the use of traditionar any new buirding nateriars in building or addition. tne=e are face brickwork, I weatherboard, and corrugated netal roofing. ' To naintain the characteristic row height T character of front fences. and open Requirenents I The requirenents of this clause Precinct Lz as appry to rand in Heritage desig""t.a-o' the pianr,iig schene nap. I A pernit is required to: . Denolish or reDove any building listed on Table 12 I . Construct a building including a fence. . A1ter externally any building I work, rendering, or place by structural sandblastinE ;; in any other way I . Subdivide land . Construct or carry out works including t heritage areas. nunicipal works in . Construct or display a sign- This does .ot repairs I buildirg= and places_"?!-II_t:, or routine naintenanee to appearance, that d.o-not change the externar construction of f"rrees-u;;;" 1-2 or to painting previousry painted 'eti"=-i' height t "*i""i"r surfaces. I t I t I 38 1 I I

T t

T t I t I t t t I t I

I I t 3g PRBCINCT 13 - Newlvn and Neslyn tforth I Brtent of Area , The area fron the Newlyn Prinary School,], east along the t extension of the Midland Highway, includincl both sidee of the road, to the Dean-Newlyn Road to the intersection with the railway reserve and north-west along the railway reserve to I the intersection with the extension of the ilidlands Highway. The area along both sides of the Hidland Highway from the bridge over Birch Creek north to the northern boundary of Lots t 1 and 10 and including Newlyn reservoir Road fron the Hidland Highway to the AnCllican Church. I Statenent of Significance Newryn and Newryn North is significant as a village that has Ero$tn to meet the demands of the local farning connunity. Many I of the connunity, residential and commercial buildings renain to interpret the developuant of the village. T Description

Newryn and Newlyn North is signifieant as a village that has I grolrn to neet the denands of the local farning comnunity. The araE rras originally part of the Birch Brothers' Seven HiIls Estate. The village supported a railway station, chaff nilI, hotels, school, post office and bank. Hany of the connunity I and conmErcial buildings remain to interpret the development of the villaga. I Purpose . To conserve and enhance areas of aesthetic, T architeetural, historie and Ecientific importance, or of speeial eultural vaIue. . To ensure that developnent is compatible with the t inportance, character and appearance of the heritage area. I Table 13- Newlyn and Newlyn lforth - contributory Buildings, Horks and Places File No. I Forner lfesleyan Church Dean-Newlyn Rd 472 Newlyn State School l{idland Highway 475 Newlyn l{echan ie 's Inst itute Midland Highway 476 I Tinber House Midland Highway 477 Tinber House Sutton Park Rd 478 Tinber House Sutton Park Rd 482 T Tynen's Chaff Mi11 Sutton Park Rd 483 Tinber House Sutton Park Rd 484 Tinber House Sutton Park Rd 485 Brick House Off Sutton Park Rd 487 I Goods Shed Newlyn Station 488 Sutton t Park Sutton Park Rd 490 tr' I ool

Iimber House Newlyn Reservoir Rd 467 Iimber House Midland Highway 497 t I Timber House Midland Highway 49A I Timber House Midl,and Highway 5OO ' House & stables Newryn Reservoir Rd 5ol t 5t. Matthew's Anglican Newlyn Reservoir Rd soz r Church I Objectives t I I To retain the characteristic late nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings of the area. T r I To encourage the retention and enhancement of the ' existing landscape character of the area. I ' To encourage the use of characteristic building forms - these being hipped and gabled roofs of a pitch greater T than 15 degrees in any new buildings or additions. ' To encourage the use of traditionat building materials in any new building or addition. These are face brickwork, t , ^eatherboard, and corrugated metal roofing. | - To maintain the characteristic low height and open I character of front fences.

I i Requirements t, I The I- requirements of this clause apply to land in Heritage l. Precinct 13 as designated on the planning scheme rnap. I t A permit is required to: I

I l' . Demolish or remove any building tisted on Table 15 I Construct a buitding including a fence. Alter externally any building or place by structural I work, rendering, sandblasting or in any other way Subdivide land I out works incrudins municipar works in :::::;:."::_::r," T Construct or display a srgn. i This does not apply to repairs or routine maintenance to I buildings and places that do not change the external appearancErr construction of fences under L.2 metres in height or to painting previously painted external surfaces. I

I I r I I I I 4L Guidelines for pernit I Before deciding on an application the responsibre authority nust consider : I The purpose of this clause. The inportance, character and appearance of the building I or place to be denolished, renoved or externally altered. Whether the location, bulk and appearance of the proposed building will adversely affect the inportance, character I and appearance of adjacent buildings and the area. l|hether the proposed works will adversely affect the I importance, character and appearance of the area. t{hether the subdivision will result in development in keeping with the eharaeter and appearance of adjacent t buildings and the area.

whether the sign will adversely affect the character and t appearance of the building or area. The contents of the Shire of Creswick Heritage Study t adopted by the council on I I

T I I t I t I I I 42 I PRBCIIICT 14 - Saeaton Bxtent of Area I Both sides of the Creswick Sneaton road fron the Beaconsfield Road rntersection to Dayresford-crunes Roed, including both t sidee of the intersection. Both sides of Dayresford-Crunes road fron "Hilrview" east to Frederick street arong Frederick street to sneaton Back Road then west to creswick-Sneaton T Road, and the Anderson Mitt Conplex. Statenent of Significance I The remaining buildings and street layout set on the rise above the creek are significant as part of the township's rise from servicing the farning conmunity, especially the grain T growing of the 1860s with tha advent of Anderson's Mirr, to servicing the rich deep lead mines in the surrounding district and the return to a snall farning connunity. I Description sneaton began as a farning corDnunity of tenante of captain I Hepburn then becane a centre, with Arlendale and Kingston, which serviced the rich Berry Deep Lead Hines fron the 1g70s t9_lhe early 1900s. smeaton in 1888 "earried a popuration of I 1500 people. There lfere seven hotels and about Ltrl same nunber of boarding houEes, four Elrocery shops arl naintained by niners and other tradesmen at work in the Hepburn Hone Paddock, Hepburn consuls, Hepburn No.1 and sneaton r6s6rve I Mines. The gutter or underground channel which carried the gord was not very extensive and did not rast nany years."4 The town then reverted to the rural centre again. I Purpose I . To conserve and enhance areas of aesthetic, architeetural, historic and scientific importance, or of special cultural vaLue. I - To ensure that deveropnent is conpatible with the inportance, character and appearance of the heritaBe area. I Tabre t4- sneaton - contributory Buirdings, lforks and places I FiIe No. Tinber House Cnr Calder St and Lane 525 Sneaton State School CaIder St 526 I Tinber Cottage Calder St 527 Tinbar House Calder St s28 Hillview Farn Cnr Daylesford-Clunes & 542 T Creswick-Newstead Rds Tinber House Daylesford-Clunes Rd 543 Former National Bank Cnr Creswick & D 4. Centenary of Sneaton IBSB-1939. A Centenarv Booklet t t 43 Pioneers Monument cnr creswick & Daylesford Rds.s4s Butcher's Shop Cnr Creswick & Daylesford Rds 3.46 t Cumberland Hotel Cnr Creswick & Daylesford Rds 547 Fmr Bank of Australasia cnr creswick & Daylesford Rds 54g Timber House Creswick Rd 3'49 t Timber House Cnr Creswick Rd & Gov. Rd 55O Former Blacksmith's shop cnr. creswick & Gov. Rds. 551 Timber House Creswick Rd 552 Shop and Dwelling Creswick Rd 55S t Bluestone Bridge Creswick Rd 585 Smeaton Mill Complex Creswick Rd 556 Timber House Frederick St 5,62 I Timber House Smeaton Back Rd 565 Timber House Smeaton Back Rd 864 Pioneer's Monument Smeaton Back Rd 565 I Timber House Lane off Sneaton Back Road 566 Timber Cottage Lane of t Srneaton Back Rd 567 I Objectives . To retain the characteristic late nineteenth anc! early twentieth century buildings of the area. T . To encourage the retention and enhancement of the existing landscape character of the area. T ' To Erncourage the use of characteristic building forms these being hipped and gabled roofs of a pitch greater I than 15 degrees in any new buildings or additions. . To encourage the use of traditional building materials in any new buirding or addition. These are face brickwork, I weatherboard, and corrugated metal roofing. ' To maintain the characteristic low height character and open T of front fences. Requirements

T The requirements of this crause apply to land in Heritage Precinct L4 as designated on the planning scheme map. T A permit is required to: Demolish ' or rernove any buirding listed on Table L4 T . Construct a building including a fence. ' Alter externarly any building or place by structurar I work, rendering, sandblastin! or in any other way . Subdivide land T ' construct or carry out works including rnunicipar heritage areas. works in t . Construct or display a sign. I I

44 I

This does not appry to repairs or routine naintenancE to buirdings and places that do not change the external t appearance, construction of fences under L.Z netres in height or to painting previousry painted externar surfaces. Guidelines for pernit t Before deciding on an application the responsibre authority T must consider : . The purpose of this clause. I - The importance, character and appearance of the building or place to be denorished, removed or externally altered. . whether the__rocation, burk and appearance of the proposed t building will adversery affect the importance, character and appearance of adjacent buildings and the area. I . tlhether the proposed works will adversery affect the importance, character and appearance of the araa. t . l{hether the subdivision witl resurt in deveropnent in keeping with the character and Bppearance of adjacent buildings and the area. I . whether the sign wirr adversely affect the character and appearance of the buitding or area. I The contents of the Shire of Creswick Heritage Study adopted by the council on I I I t t t I

I I

I 45 I Brtant of Area Both ti sides of the Midland Highway , Springnount Stateaent of Significance li A picturesque collection of cottages and a snal1 church against the steep valley mature landseape. seE the snall nining towns ilr"t"rra The area evokes ll gold site. sprang up alongside any potential Description springnount is the rennant of and churchee a collection of cottages, hotels lttr! sprang up alongsiJ"-it" earry reade later servieed the ieep-feias of-the-"i.". and t buildings are set against The renaining landecape. the .i""J-".if"v and ;;;;;; farning The rineir ch"ract"r of the area era' created by the road and the steep valley terrain. both I Purpoae I . To conserve and enhance areas of aesthetic, architecturar, historic and r"i.ntiti" importanee, special cultural value. or of To ensure I ' that deveropnent is conpatibre with the inportance, character and I area. "pp""t"i"" of the heritage Table 15- sprin€Dount - contributory I Places Buirdings, Iforks and Tinber House File No. l{idland Highway 581 Tinber llouse Midland llighway T Tinber House 582 Hidland Highway 583 Tinber House Midland Highway Uniting Church 584 Midland Highway 58s Tinber House Hidland Highway t Timber House 586 l{idland Highway 587 Tinber tlouse Hidland Highway Tinber House 588 T Hidland Highway 58e Objectives To retain t ' the characteristic rate nineteenth and earr.y twentieth century buildings of the area. ' To encourage I the retention and enhancenent of the existing landscape eharacter of the area which of avenues of street trees, gravel consists rennant road verges,and poplic works, including stand pipe,-b;i;L drains, l bluestone kerb and wooden ti."Enl-- I 46 I To encourage ' the use of characteristic building these being hipped and gabled forms I than 15 roois of a pitch greater degrees in any new buildings or additions. ' To encourage the use of traditional any neh, building building materials in t or addition. These are f ace bri.ckwork, weatherboard, and corrugated metal roofing. ' To maintain the characteristic low height I character of front fences. and open Requirements I The requirernents of this crause apply Precinct 15 as designated to land in Heritage on the planning scherne ,nap. I A permit is required to: ' Demolish or rernove I any buirding listed on Table 15 . Construct a building including a fence. ' Alter externally any building I work, rendering, or place by structurar sandbfastint or ;; any other way . Subdivide land I ' t:::::;:t"::"::"', out works incrudins municipar works in I . Construct or display a sign. This does I not apply to repairs or routine maintenance buildings and places that-Jo not to appearance' construction change the external or to painting of fences ,rri=' 1.2 metres in height previously painted external surfaces. t t

T I I I I I 47 I Guidelines for perrnit Before deciding on an application the responsible authority must consider : I . The purpose of this clause. - The importance, character and appearance of the building t or place to be demorished, removed or externally altered. ' whether the location, bulk and app€larance of the proposed building will adversely affect the importance, character t and appearance of adjacent buildings and the area. ' .dhether the proposed workE will adversery affect the I importance character and app€rarance of the area. ' Nhether the subdivision wirl result in development in keeping with the character and appearance of adjacent I buildings and the area. . whether the sign will adversely affect the character and I appearance of the building or area. . The contents of the shire of creswick Heritage study t adopted by the council on

T I I I I

T I t I o8 I t I

T Purpose

. To conserve and enhance_buildings t aesthetic, architecturar, anc, places of importance, rristoiic and scientific or of special cultural value. t ' To ensure that deveropment rs cornpatible with character and the ;T::::""t"' appearance of the buirdins or I Objectives t :? B::Hil,l.maintain and enhance the historic character To retain the characteristic I twentieth rate nineteenth and early century u"iioiies of the Shire. To encouragG, the retention existing and enhancement of the I randscape character of the area sites where mature tr.==, which are the hedging and ,i.o breaks exist. To encourage the use of characteristic t these being hipped building forms than 15 degrees "rJ'e"Jl"a roofs of ; pitch greater in any i"*- O"ildings or additions. I To encourage the use of traditional any new buirding or building materials in weatherboard addition. These are face brickwork, r :trtd ."rr"g"t"a metal rooiir,g. T .l:"".f";:"...:::=... l;_:."..i=.iti, row heieht and open I I I I I t 49 Requirements

I The requirements of this clause apply to land listed in Table 16. t A permit is required to: . Demolish or remove any buildings t . Construct a building including a fence. . Alter externally any building or place by structural t work, rendering, sandblasting or in any other way I . Construct or carry out works. . Subdivide Iand T . Construct or display a sign. This does not apply to repairs or routine maintenance to buildings and places that do not change the external t aPPearance, construction of fences under 1.2 metres in height or to painting previously painted external surfaces. t Guidelines for permit Before deciding on an application the responsible authority t must consider : . The purpos€r of this clause.

I . The importance, character and app€rarance of the bui rcting or place to be demolished, removed or externally altered. - Nhether the Iocation, bulk and appearance of the proposed I building will adversely affect the importance, character and appearance of the building or place. T . Nhether the proposed works will adversery affect the importance character and appearance of the building or I p1ace. . whether the subdivision will result in development in keeping with the character and appearance of the t building or place. whether the sign will adversely affect the character and appearance of the building or pIace. T The contents of the shire of creswick Heritage study t adopted by the council on t I

T T 50 I Al lendale File No. Tinber Farmhouse West Berry Rct T Broomf ie I d 18 Former hjallace Town Hotel Cnr Henders and 22 Smokeytown Rd Gold Discovery Monument Creswick-Smeaton I Former Rd 2B Broomfield School Creswick-Smeaton Rd 30 Lewyn Farm Daylesford-Clunes Hepburn Rd 38 Lagoon Daylesford-Clunes Rd 39 I Blampied I Timber House Midland Swiss Mountain Highway 4L Hotel Midland Highway 42 St Joseph's Catholic Church Midland Mount Prospect Highway 43 I House Treweeks Rd 45 Campbel I town I Campbel I town cemetery Farmhouse Creswick-Newstead Rd 46 Creswick-Newstead Rd 48 Creswick I Timber Cottage L2 Bald Hills Rd Brick & Timber House Bridge 109 t Timber Cottage St 111 Cnr Bridge & Haines 114 Timber Cottage 12 Cambridge Brick & Timber St 119 Cottage 16 Cambridge St L20 I Timber House 51 Camp St Timber House 138 33 Camp St 139 Timber Cottage 35 Camp St Timber Cottage 140 I 13 Castlemaine Rd L44 Tiarber Cottage Cnr Timber Kitchen Carmody & 6ov. Rd L47 Buitding Off Carmody Drive 148 Timber Cottage Charles St I Timber Cottage L49 l2B Clunes Rd 188 Timber Cottage Creswick/Ascot Timber Cottage Rd 191 Creswick/Ascot Rd L92 I Iron Raitway Bridge Over Creswick Calembeen park Creek 193 Cushing Ave L94 Timber House 7 Haines St Timber House 2L2 I Haines St 2L3 Timber House 1 Hammon Timber Cottage St 2L7 11A Hammon St 2LA Timber House 3 Harvey St Tinber Cottage 220. I Hutchinson St 22L Bluestone House Jory St Timber House 224 Jory St 223 t Timber House 3l King St Timber House 226 King St 227 Timber House Gov. Rd.North of Timber House King St 22A Gov. Rd oft Lee St 250 t Tirnber Cottage I Little King St Timber House 233 Luttet St Cnr Gov. Rd 234 l' I 51 Tinber House Moore St 254 I Tinber House 93 Pasoe St 27s Tinber House 101 Pasoe St 276 Tinber House 36 Railway Pde 294 Tinber House 46 Railway Pde 295 I Timber House 5 Reed St 298 T inber House I Reed St 297 Tinber House g Reed St 298 I Tinber House Reed St 300 Tiuber House Tip Road 301 Tinber House 22 Semnens Ave 302 Tinber Cottage LZ Rogers St 303 I T inber llouse 28 Rogers St 304 T inber Faruhouse Sneaton/Creswick Rd. 307 I T inber House 3 lfater St 319 Dean

T Farnhouse BaIlarat Daylesford Rd 324 Greenlands Farn Ballarat Daylesford Rd 325 Former Bank Agency Ballarat Daylesford Rd 326 Dean HoteI BaI Iarat-Daylesford Rd 327 t Dean State SchooI BaIlarat-Daylesford Rd. 330 Dean HaI1 BaIlarat-Daylesford Rd. 331 House Ballarat-Daylesford Rd 332 t Broadford Ballarat-Daylesford Rd 333 Bluestone Farnhouse Creswick-Dean Rd. 334 Loatta Dean-Mollongghip Rd 336 Farnhouse Dean-Mollongghip Rd - 337 I Farnhouse Dean-Mollongghip Rd 338 Fanellan Farn Dean-Hollongghip Rd 339 Tinber House Dean-Newlyn Rd 340 t Tinber House Dean Reservoir Rd 341 Tinber Farnhouse Traek off Howards Rd 342 Tinber House Cnr Howards & Bungaree Rd 344 t House Cnr. Howards Rd & Bungaree Rd 345 Tinber House Morrisons Rd 346 Glengyron Farn SawniIl Rd (See No.516) 347 t Btanstown

Tinber Cottage Deep Spring Rd 348 t Tinber Cottage Deep Spring Rd 349 Tinber House Deep Spring Rd 350 Farmhouse Eastern rd 351 T House (Four Hips) Midland llighway 352 Tinber Cottage Horganti's Rd 353 Cottage Morganti's Rd 354 Horganti's Farmhouse Morganti's Rd. T 35s GIenEoser t Farmhouse Cotswald Rd 356 I I T =:T # House :L:il1"i_Kooroocheans Rd s61 Judson Rd 362 t House KangaroorsA^ Hillsui't- Rd l Bundareer Kangaroo Hills Rd t9l I Farmhouse Kansaroo Hills Rd ::j I Kinqston Farmhouse Al lendale_Kingston I Timber Cottage Rd J67 Off Allendale:Kingston Rd 568 . Farmhouse Al lendate-Kingston Rd Jio I Farmhouse Cnr Alcorn &Creswick_Newstead t;; I Rendered House Cnr Alcorn & Creswick-Newstead3gB Farmhouse Creswick-Newstead Farmhouse Rd S9g I Creswick_Newstead Rd COO I Timber Farmhouse Daylesford-Clunes Rd Seven Hills Estate 4O1 Site Off Newstead Rd 4OlA . Cooinda Newstead Rd ;;; I Timber Farmhouse Newstead Rd ;;; I Timber Cottage Stag Rd 4Cl6 Laurel Bank yictoria Rd a,67 | Timber House Victoria Rd ft I ?,';;":';Il,r,o,.=" HHl-] 31..",.," site of Hepburn's MiIl ijj *o= ill I off werona-Kingston Rd 4Lz Kooroocheanq I Farmhouse Rd Ni, rowbank :1"il:l::;f::'B::5""n 1012 I oakbank Ut lina_Kooroocheang I Timber Farmhouse Rd 4i; Cnr Werona-Kingston Rd & Blampied-Kooroocheang Mayfield Rd 4\7 Brick Farmhouse |I Timber ,[:ff::l;ffi::H l: I1i Farmhouse Williams Rd 4ZA Thornbarrow Wirliams Rd I 4SO I Lawrence Wheelers Bridge Lawrence Rd I McLennans 4SA I Bridge Lord Clyde Road 44O Rosebank ycKenzies Rd 44L Farmhouse Nicholsons I Rd 442 | t

T I I I t "1.^r_;- q !l

I 53 t l{o}lonpehip House Dean-l{ollongghip PubIic HalI Dean-MoIlongghip Rd 443 Tinber House Rd 444 Dean-Mollongghip Rd If Tinber Houee Dean-Hollongghip 445 Tinber House Rd 446 Dean-Mollongghip Rd St Peters Church of Dean-HoIlongghip 447 lf England Rd 448 Tinber House Tinber House Tiuber Farnhouse Il Langford park Tinber House Tinbar House It Tinber House I Hoorookvle Pine Lodge Burnbank KooroocheanE!-UIIina Rd 458 Newstead-Creswick Rd T Tinber Farnhouse Newstead-Creswick 480 l{under 1e igh Rd 461 Creswick-Newstead Rd 462 t Tinber llouse Hidland Highway Midland 463 t !lighway 464 465 468 t Tinber llouse 467 FeruhouEe 468 Farnhouse TeleEraph 489 ll Farnhouse Rd 470 Telegraph Rd 47t Neslwn

I Tinber House Tinber House Iingston-Newlyn Rd 473 Hattersons Rd Tinber tlouse Pattersons 480 t Rd 481 lfewlwn l{orth T Tinber House Reservoir Tinber House IewlynForest Rd 468 Bluestone Barn Hill Rd 491 Tiuber House 492 t Tinber Cottage 493 Tinber Cottage 494 t 498 t I

.-"*1 54'I Rocktyn IT

t Llarat-Daylesford Rd ruill Rd 016 ,nirl Rd ;i; t Scrub Hill Faru Sawni.ll Rd. 5"";i;l;3.Farn StFjij,li; I Snearon Rd ;ii

IT i I I I

tT I

IT I I Snokevtosn Tinber House Snokeytown Rd I 5Z6_t i I ,. *,.€i l- t I t

Section 3 t Landscape Eeritage I

T I I I I I I t t t

T li I t; Ir T I

Section 3 I Creswick Landscape planning GuideJ.ines T Contents I

Landscape Characteristics of the Shire 1 Rural Areas 1 t Townscape 2 principles .Landscape Planning 3 I

Landscape Planning poJ.icies 5 Rura1 Areas 5 I Townships I Traditional practices Council Engineering 10 t Landscape Planning GuideJ.ines 11 GeneralIy 1_1 fndj-vidual Townships or Areas l_L t t I t I t I I I t Landscape Characteristics of tb,e Shire

I Rura]- Areas

I Primary production industries have mod.ified the natural landscape of creswick shi-re through rural activities such as I grazrng, mining and forestry. These productj_on activities have established creswick's curtural randscape which has been t reinforced by the subdivisions and transport links established by government, both state and local. I The shire's cultural landscape patterns rerate to the geomorphology' geology and soil fertility of the area. Rainfarl I and drainage modify these patterns by adding significant water I features. The predomj.nant landscape character of gently undurating grazed paddocks I and primary production actj.vities is d.ominated by a remnant vol-canlc zone runnlng centrally through the shire. The eroded volcanic cones which remain are sJ.gnificant landmark I features of the Shire.

I The southern and eastern areas of the shire are dominated by the general retention of tree cover and the use of large tracts t for forestry. This is a response to poor soir fertj_lity and the recognition of the importance in avoiding soil d.egradation t through regenerating growth in old mining areas.

The thick forests enclosing creswick are all consequences of I the Shire's central role in the history of Australian forestry.

T The central, western, and northern regions are used for grazing and reflect the soil. fertility associated with volcanj-c T activity and lava f1ows. This volcanic material is also evident in the remnant mining tailings dumps and sirt settring dams. These tailings dumps which $rere produced T by miners searching for gold are the alluvial materials excavated from buried. rj-ver t beds. The locations of these tailings dumps across the I I

T landscape provides evidence of the subterranean river system throughout the area. Their shapes, patterns, textures and I colours are indicative of the mining methods used., the advancement in technology needed to deal with the vast quantj-ties of subsurface materj-ar and water mined, and the t length of time the tail-ings dumps have been standing in the landscape. I Townscape I The landscape shows many past actj-vities and settrement I patterns. The value of particular areas or townships to the early settlers are seen today in the shelter belts of the rural landscape, the well constructed fence lines, the road ways, I avenue plantings for commemorative values or township randscaping, the remnant mature trees and gardens without I houses, and the retained house and garden setting. I some of the house and garden settlngs may have lost a substantial amount of garden detaillng such as perennlar plants and paths. However the strong shape, colour and structure of t the treesr orchard plantings, shrubs and some resilient burbs still signify the varues attached by settrers to their I individual propertj-es . I Past housing sites are very important in understandlng settl-ement patterns and a township, s deveropment or decline. I The spaces l-eft by lost buirdings whether through removal, fi-rer or decay are very important landscape components and should be respected. Landscape elements of plantings, fences, T garden walls, other remnant garden or rural elements, and. clearings indj-cate areas of early occupation and are therefore I of significant cultural value. I That a township shows expansj-on and decline is an important social value and should be respected through appropriate guidelines. I I t Landscape pJ.anning principles T L. 'Landscape' is popularly interpreted as being synonymous rscenery', t with however the term covers a much wider spectrum' i.ncluding natural areas, scientific and geological sites, wirdrife habitats, mod.ified./curtural_ I landscapes, aboriginal sites, scenic rurar areas and I ornamental parks and gardens. A landscape area will require particular actions or I contrors to retain its present character and conserve or restore its character in the future.

I 3. Acknowledging an area, s landscape gualities requires plannj-ng guidelines that protect and develop areas I sympathetically.

I The special qualities of a landscape will be a combinatj_on of current and historic land use and natural features or t natural elements alone.

5. Landscapes are evolving and wilr change with time. However I the retention of broad landscape values and characterj-stics is dependant upon appropriate planning and I replantlng, removal of dj.sruptive elements, sympathetic land use, retention of historj-cal overrays and respecting t and addressing j-tems of environmental heritage. t 6. A landscape may display or be appreciated for various or individual cultural values. cultural values inlude aesthetic, historic, scienti_fic, archaeologi_cal and I social.

1 T The current land use patterns have firstly produced a Iandscape within the Creswick Shire of high T scenic/aesthetic value . I t I T t 8. The high quality landscape of creswi-ck shire has been produced by rural, mining, forestry activities and I traditional Council engineering practices. t

T I I t t t t I I t t I I t

I t-- t Landscape pJ.anning' poJ.icies t Rural Areas

PoJ.icy One t That al1 culturally significant and visuarly sensitiwe landforms be retained witb,out aay furtber build,ing or I construction works being placed upon tbem. I Rationa].e Primary production methods have established the cultural_ landscape character of the Shire and contribute to an I appreciation of creswick as an early mining and rural shire. Retention of items such as taj_1ings dumps, tracts of forestrv t and farmi-ng 1and, and visually sensiti-ve edges between dj-fferent landscape types (such as open pasture and woodl_and) t should be encouraged as they are criti-cal to any future interpretation of the history of the town.

I PoJ.icy Two Tbat Natural Forests Be Retained,. I Rationa].e The forests enclosing Creswj-ck are strong historical reminders t of the Shi-re's central role in the history of Australian Forestry. Future development should be controlled in such a I way that minimises its impact in these areas. PoJ.icy Three I That wood Lots be conserwed and used Appropriately for t Farning Activities. Rationale t The conservation and continued use of these areas are integral in retaining the character of Creswick and ensuring its future protection. continuing traditional agricultural practises t provides the shire wj-th one of its strongest lj-nks with its pasr. T t I I I PoJ.icy Four Tbat sbelter Berts be retaiaed and, continue to be I planted in appropaiate locationg for tb,e und,ertaking of rurar actiwities such as traditional farming practises. I Rationa].e This policy is serf explanatory and relates to the landscape I planning prj-nciples stated earlier. Policy Five T Tbat stands of Trees and Eedge plantings relating to past settlements and rurar activities be retained. I Rationale Remnant stands of trees and hedge plantings document the t development and rural patterns of the Shire and are critical to any interpretation of the history of the shlre's rurar and I agrlcultural development . Policy Six I lbat all significant Miniag Remnants be secured and stabilized from erosion aad retained, in context. I Rationale I These minlng remnants are one of the maJor hLstorl-cal features of creswick shire and this policy aims to ensure that they are retained for future interpretation. I Policy Seven I That Remnant plantings of past Eouse sites be retained. Rationa].e I Remnant plantings along with photographic and documentary evidence are the primary sources used when interpreting I historic aardens. These remnant plantings are important as they refrect different tastes and trends thereby gauging earlier social values. suckers or self-seeded plants from t original plant stocks provide valuable evidence of earry cultivar types and plant species availability of the eighteenth t century.

t I t PoIicy Eight Tbat all T significant natural habitats of Flora and Fauna be conserved. t Rationa].e Although the character of creswick has been formed. by man,s activity, I undeveloped areas should be protected or deveLoped. sensitively to conserve the shire's relationship to its surroundj-ng natural environment which includ.es indigenous flora t and fauna.

T I

T I I I t

T I I I I I I t t trownshios T Policy One Tb,at no Buildiags be located ia dominating positions which intrude upon tb,e vistas into aad out of the t townships Rationa].e t The design and siting of future developments within visually sensitive I areas (such as approaches into and out of townships), should consider both building elements and relationship to I existing buildings and landscape elements so as to retain I critical vi-ews and mini-mi.se any potentiar visuar impacts. Policy Two T Tbat approaches to townships be pranted witb Eucarpyts indigenous to tbe ar6a. t Rationale i T This wilJ- have the effect of further harmonizing townships to I their I surrounding environment and provide L approaches to townships with an appropriate and unique character. t

I Policy Ehree That plantings I of exotic species be continued avenue I in I and street tree plantings. I t Rationale Township centres are the traditlonar and appropri-ate areas for I exotic avenue and street tree plantings. Future plantings should respect prevj-ous species used. t t I I I PoJ.icy Four Tbat subdivision patterns respect earlier subdiwision T boundaries and a].ignurents. t Rationale Roads are the primary means of connecting historic Shire and in themselves sites i_n the the routes and road formations I historic linear network. form a These old roads are j_ca.l_ appreciation and interpretation crj_t to an of the townships and I areas of the shire. This poricy rura.l_ of aims to avo'd the alienation old road,s which courd occur in thereby future subdivision plans, threatening public access ,s t sites. to the shi.re h'storic I PoJ.icy Five That lanrfrnark plantings of groups of trees or t individual trees be retained. Rationale I r'andmark plantings provide accurate historical useful in photographic reference points and documentary investigations. I are also often associated They w'th signifi_cant people, events planning / agri-cultural practises and and are therefore items t significant heri_tage value. of t I I t I I t

l. "-i:- rr.,ri t 10 t ' 'Fraditiona]- Co'neir Eng,ineerirrg, praetiees poricy one I Tbat traditional engineering practises be continued and earrier elements repaired or reinstated wese I appropriate.

These shall be retained and incLude 1. Subdj-vj-sion j.ze allotment s and shape. I

2 ' Road construct j-on and finishj-ng systems for various I levels of use intensity and different uses (transport, fire treak, logging). Gravel roads should be retained I I^tere appropriate to levels of use intensitv. r

3. Avenue planti.ng of trees which relate to the I culturaL,/social values of residentlal or rural communities. I 4 ' The retention of township areas, boundaries and entry I roads to highlight the focus of the town.

5 ' Retention of tradi.tional road construction method,s I through grading, grass verges, grassJ---- d.ishdrains--Y"--s4"s orvr table dral-ns. I

6 ' Retention and reuse of past engj-neeri.ng works such as I bri-dges, culverts, sumps and grates and railings or fence handrails. I I I I

I lll - T I 1L Landscape PJ.anning I GuideJ.ines General 1y

I Landscape guidelines for Creswick Shire should respect the rural and past mining activities.Matters addressed in future I guidelines should incLude: t (i) Sit.ing of buildings or earth works: topography, subdivision grid, views and vistas. (ii1 T Design of works: setback, orientation, sca1e, massing, materials, project homes, outbuildings. I (iii) Relationship to existing buildings and landscape elements. I (iv) Building element,s: building envelope, plan form, roof form, verandah, T windows, doors materials of roof and wa1Is, chj-mneys. (v) Landscaping: I garden design, plant selection, fences. (vi) Development of land for Hobby Farms. I (vii) On-Site waste Disposal.

I fndiwidual Townships or Areas t These partj-cular townships or areas require guidelines for the continuation and retention of their speci.al characteristics : t . A11endale . Creswick t . Kingston . Kooroocheang T . Newlyn . Newlyn North . T Smeaton . Springmount t t I I I BibJ.iography

I Manuscript records t Eistorical sources for tbe study of Creswick E.J. semmens papers - herd at the universj-ty of Melbourne T Archives. t Dealing mainly with forestry matters, this wide-ranging colLection also has notes and statistical information about many aspects of creswick in the later-nineteenth and earlv t twenti.eth century. rt incl-udes a wide corlection of t photographs of early Creswick. Anderson and company letter books, correspondence ledgers, cash books, day books, journal and other records t Universj-ty of Melbourne Archives. I Valuable materj-al relating to Anderson,s MiI1. Poriticar labor league, Australian Labor partyrcreswick I branch, 1901-1,929 (includes minutes of the creswick anti- conscription league, L9'J.61 - University of Melbourne T Archives.

useful insight into loca1 politics and the use to which some I local buildings were put earry in the twentieth century. I w.G- spence papers,manuscripts state Library of Vi-ctoria. The following records are all held at the pubric Record t office of Victoria;bracketed numbers refer to the series number of each body of records thought to be of use from the T \PRO collection. I Court records Creswick Court. t t z t Petty sessions, j_gS3-19S7 (5939). I Licensing applicants, 1955-1924 (5944) . I Mining regulation, LgS6-Lg22 (5943) .

Court of mines register of disputes, j.g5g_1g65 (5930). I Register of mining companies, 1g60_1921 ( (5939) . I Warden of mines register, Lg62-J,gS4 (33.72) . I Licensing registers, 1g?1 -Ig2g (3375) .

The mininq court records are especially valuable in tracing T disputes over leases etc. Company records t Defunct mj_ning companies, 1g?1_195g (569) . I Generally give detairs of company shareholders, mlne annual reports and somet j.mes plans of mlneworkings. I Forestry I Forest thinning books, Creswick office (5?94).

Annual reports, forests I92].-L9GO (105dg). I rnclude accounts from managers of each forest, area with t details of cutting and plantj_ng.

Advance cash books, Lgzg-IgGO (LOS72) . t Give accounts of forest production. T Lands T PastoraL run files, l_g4O-1gZg (5359) . Pastoral run plans (244). I I I &, t

Together the files and plans provide details about the land t use pattern and sometimes of works and buildings in the I sguatting era. Education

I Creswick school of mines, minutes of council, 1B9j--j_9L0 (5801). I Primary school correspondence files and building files I registered separately in PRO 3.8.1 and 3. i-9.1. Printed officia]. records I Royal Commissions on Mining t conducted at various dates from the 1850s to L89l-. several took testimony from miners working in the Creswick area. t Annual reports of the department of mines

Regular references to Creswj-ck, figrures for the mining I district annualIy. I Ouarterly reports of Mining registrars and surveyors Rich, detailed statistical and descriptive accounts of I mining, district by district; information on levels of alIuvial as against deep lead mining, machinery used, I yields, number of Chinese miners et,c. Reports on Central Board of Health T References to living conditions j-n towns, some reflection on t the physical condition of rife in the districts surveyed. I Newspapers Allenda1e Telegraph, 1882-1888 t Essential- guide to all aspects of loca1 life. t I I T

I i t Ballarat Star, L855-L862 (indexed). I Covers some aspects of Creswick life. Ballarat Times, L854- (part indexed). t

I I eaLlarat Courier, 1880-. t i Creswick Advertiser, 1859-. I t and panpblets: contemporary j "ooks Australian Council of National Trusts, Conservation I Bulletins. I Balllerers Victorian gazetteer and road gmide, Melbourne 1879. T Brief summary entrles for minor townships in the shire. T Rirtchnell ' s BaIIarat . Creswick, Buninyong, Clunes , Smythesdale and Brownrs Directory for 1862. i I Valuable local commercj.al guide.

I I ' Bryce Rossrs Gold Diggings Directory.1853. I 1 References to activities in Creswick district. I Carter,C.R. Victoria the British "El Dorado" or Melbourne in 1869, London 1870r pp.L32-L34. I Comments on land around Creswick. I Crai-g,W. My adventures on the Australj-an goldfields, London . L903. I General descriptive account of mining t Graham, J. Early Creswick, the first century, Ballarat L942, reprinted 1987.

t- 4-r t

T Valuable index of events although highly selective in I approach; it gives dates to be followed in other sources. t Heath and corderl, Geelong,Ballarat and creswick's creek commercial directorv and almanac for l_856, Geelong 1856. t Howittrw. Land, labour and gord, facsimire edition, Kilmore L972.

I A broad but vaLuable account of the gorden decade,- some l local references. Jarrett,T. Ballarat and district in 1901, Melbourne 1901-

I rndicates the character of creswick at the end of the nineteenth I century. Kelly, W. Victoria in l_853 and 1_8_il., 2 vo1s, London 1858, t Kilmore facsimile 1918. Ki-mberley, W. Ballarat and vicinity, Ballarat 1994.

I General guide to several districts incruding creswick. I Nati-onal Trust of Austraria (victoria) , Technical Burl etins. I Niven and Co. Ballarat directory ,Igg2. Patterson, J.A. The goldfields of Victoria j-n 1g62, Melbourne 7862. T Broad and highr, O"r"onalised account with some good I descriptive passages. Smyth, R.B. The qoldfields and mineral distrj_cts of t Victoria, Melbourne L869.

T Handbook of mining with detailed technical information. Sutherland, A. Victoria and its metropolis, 2 voJ,s, t Melbourne 1888.

T I I T t Index to leading figures in the dj-strict. I Twaj-n, M. Following the equator, New york j-89?.

Broad travellerrs account with varuabre descriptive account t of the mining districts. t visitor's Guide-book to Ball-arat and its environs, Barlarat 1875. I Later secondary sources

Blake,L. Vision and Realisation, Melbourne L973. I Standard gruide to school historles. t carronrL.T. A history of forestry l-n Australia, canberra. T Creswj-ck Apex CIub, Centenary:railwavs and school buildings. 1-874-1974, Creswick L97 4. I Good local guide to some publlc works. I creswj-ck Historical socj-ety, Historl-c creswick warking tour, 1979 with updates. I Good guide to key town buildings.

Fahey, C. The Berry Deep leads: an historical assessment, t Ministry of Conservation, Forests and Lands 198G. t Invaluable account of the rise and fall of a key mj_nj_ng fieId. I Forestry Commission of Victoria, Forestry in Victorj_a, Melbourne I972. I Graham, J.A. The Creswick Grammar School history, Melbourne r.94 0 . t Harrigan, L. Victorian railwavs to ,62, Melbourne L962. I Material on Creswick railway routes. t r I t t

Hetherington, J. Norman Lindsay:the embattled Olympian, t Melbourne 1973. I Historic places branch, mj.nistry of conservation, forests and lands, The school of forestry. 1909-1986, Melbourne t 1986. Historic places branch, conservation, forests and lands, I John Anderson and the smeaton frour milr, Melbourne l-996.

Houghton, N. Timber and gold:a historv of sawmills and t tramways of the wombat forest,1855-1940, Merbourne 1980. t Excellent and thorough study of rand use patterns on the fringes of the shlre.

I Jacobs, Lewis and vlnes, Hl-storic sites survev:Barlarat area study, 1980 for Land Conservation Council, Australi_an I Heritage Commission and Ministry of Conservation. Kellyr,f . and HateleyrR. ..Manag'ement of dry schlerophyll I forests in Victotia".in Eorest Manaqement in ArrstraIia: t Forests of Australia, perth L98?. King, D. and Dooley, N. The E>lden steam of Ba1larat 1912- T 7932, Kilmore L973.

Lindsay,N. Mv Mask, T Sydney 1973, first published 1970.

Lindsay,N. Redheap, sydney L979, first published London 1930 T (see also the remaining two volumes of this trirogy saturdee and Half way to anywhere). I Mcrfierney, J.8.. Murderer's bel-l: the centenarv historv of I St Augn:stiners Creswick, Maryborough t972. Valuable account of a key local building. t Mines department of Victoria, Deep leads of Victoria, Melbourne 1937. T I t t Very good depiction of the later phases of mining and the rekindled interest in several mining fields in the twentieth I cenEury. t Osborne, M Timber. spuds and spa, Melbourne 1978.

Some references to loca1 railway development. t SayersrC.E. €d., Letters from Victorian pioneers (from ori-ginal by Thomas Bride), Melbourne 1983. t SemmensrE.J. . The Creswick district hospital_ 1BG3-1963, t Creswick 1-953.

Good sunmary of an important local institution. T Serle,G. The qolden aoe: a historv; manv local referenees.of t the colony of Victoria 1851-1861, Melbourne L977. standard and j-n almost all ways an excellent account of the I f irst decade of the gold rushes. rnval-uabre insl.ghts lnto the economlcs of mlning and lts pollt,lca1 consequences. t Spence, W.G. Australiars awakeninq:thirtv vears in the llfe of an Australian agritator, Sydney 1909. t Magnum opus from a key figure in the political history of the shi-re and indeed of Australia. I PearcerH.H. "The Analgamated miners association and the I creswick gord fierds, Records. Melbourne branch Australasian society for the study of labour history, vol.3 no.4, ,June I L958, pp.L-7 .

Scott,A. Creswick remembers Curtin, Creswick 19g4. t Victorian School of Forestry Prospectus, Creswick L9j6. I WilliamsrL.M.. Diary of a disaster: the New Australasian mine tragedy, Creswick 1882, Maryborough L992. t Good study of a key local event. I t

T I Unpublished tbeses McAleese, M. "Creswick in the L880s" BA Hons thesis, I history, Monash University L966. Excellent account of one phase in the history of the town. T Richmond, J. Mark "Country town growth in south-eastern I Australia: three regional studies 185L-189L". ph D ANU 1969. Outstanding comparative study; crucial.to understanding the t history of Creswick. t t

T t I I

T I t I I t I t l0 I FURTHER RECOMMENDED READING I 1. GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS Australian Heritage Comrnission, Conserving the National t Estate: a bibliography of National Estate studies, Australj-an Government publishing Service, Canberra, 1988. Beaumont, Carole, Local History in Victoria; an t annotated bibliography and Margaret Hyslop, Victorian directones J.836 - 7974, a checklist, La Trobe University Library, Bundoora, 1980. t Clark, Avril, 'Select list of materiaLs held for the history of eighteenth century landscape gardening in the University of Melbourne Library', Infoguide 40/83, I University of Melbourne Library, 1983. Department of Planning, NSW, Gettinq the DetaiTs Right t Restorjng AustraJ-ian flouses 7890s - 7920s. Evans, Ian; Restoring Old Houses; A Guide to Authentic t Restoratjon. Sun Books, Melbourne, L983. Evans, Ian; Lucas, Clive; Stapleton, Ian,' CoTour Schemes I for Old AustraLjan flouses, Flannel Flower Press , 'J-984. Department of Environment & Planning, Avenues of I FinanciaL Assistance for Heritage Projects in NStf. I D.E.P. February, 1986.

Department of Environment & Planning, Federation Architecture GuideJ.ines. Folder. I Fraser, Hugh; Joyce, Royi The Federation House; AustraJ,ia's Own Style. Lansdowne Press,1985. t Freeman, Martj.n & Dean (Edited By) ; BuiTding Conservation fn Australia. 1985. I HERA Update, ( Heritage Australia Information System ), Australian Heritage Commission, Canberra, 1988-. T Heritage Council of Australia; Archaeology Around Us. Johnston, Christine, Victorian Gardens InventoEY, I Heritage Branch, Ministry for Planning and Environment, 1988. T Kellaway, Carlotta & Looker, Mj-chae1, 'Useful documentary sources for researching gardens' in Papers presented at the Historic Gardens Conference, Ministry for Planning and Environment, Melbourne, L986, pp.49-60. I I i 11 Moore, Robert; Bourke, Sheridan; Joyce, R.y; Australian I Cottagres. Hamlyn, 1989. National Trust of Australia; Cemeteries.. A National ?rust Policy paper. November, 19g5. I Pascor paints; pascor paints Heritage colours for old AustraJ.ran Buil_dings : 1820-J-930. I Po1ya, Rosemdry, Nineteenth century pj-ant nursery catarogrues of south-East AustraJ.ia: i nlnliography, L; Trobe University Library, Bundoora, 19gl_. I Spencer, Roger & Cohn Helen; I Nineteenth century horticulturar literatu!€,, in papers presented at the Historic Gardens conference, Ministry for planning and I Environment, Melbourne, 199G, append.ix II, pp.T?_g1. - Stapleton, Ian,- How to Restore the OId Aussie House. I John Fairfax Market,ing, 1994. I 2. PEILOSOPEY AND METEOD Australia rcoMos, charter for the conservation of praces of cultural significance ( the Burra Charter ), Australj.a I ICOMOS, 1981 and amended version, 1999 Austral i a rcoMos, GuideJ.ines to the Burca charter: I cultural significance, Australj_a ICOMOS, l-9g4. Australla rcoMos, GuideJ,ines to the Burra charter: I conservation policy Australia ICOMOS, 1995. Broadbent, .James, rThe restoration of historic gardensr, Journal of the Royal AustraLian fnstjtute of parks and. I Recreation, November L97 6. Broadbent, James, rRestoringr an historic gardenr, in Proceedings of the Fjrst Garden History Tonference, I MeLbourne, March 2a-29, r9a0, National rrust of Australia ( Victoria ), Melbourne, 1990, pp.54-59. I Evans, Ian,- The Australian Old House Catalogue, The comprete where To Get rt Guide for the Home Restorer. Evans, ran,' The Federation House, A Restoration Guid.e. I Flannel Flower press, 1986. Heritage Council of NSt{; Conservation proceedings of Fed.eration I Ilouses Seminar . j-984 . I ,l I I L2 t Heritage Council Newsheets; r 3. ;creet ?rees d Roads 9. /vatjve pLants for Hi tation I 70. oirectori-oi supptie Gardens Keqion. Services - SydneY t 7L. D.E.P. publications who's who in Herit T Heritagre Architects tion t Technical Informatio s -tist Masonry Renovation 2 I Buirdinss T Tl:!::i" c si_res cor (NSw Chapter RAIA); .. by ranne Sydney..:j:-.1-1 1981^ 99-o.dinared rd; Burke, Sheridan- T l Lennon, Jane, ,preservat j_on garde_ns', unpulrisne- p.p". tection of historic T Branch, Minislry plairnirrg ed for the Heritage for ronment, 1-983. t NationaL Trust of Australia (N lications; t f:::::!j !7 _A:?d"ratj;; ;l; se fele3qclins Couor, ;;;;;;; T A Guide to the Co"".-r,J';;;" d Houses etres T t, Gui Al-terations and rrusr I ffir.r:?li:. of Ausrralia fctoria); rechnicar I 7-2 cotour rofirilai nss ofvL the t:i ?;r^?:r-.,:^r?:ilvictorian period '"T:ttu-"9o I 3. principt'es ;]s,r, ss c. tasl _ reol E t !",tI:it^:Z^Z:g _cr.i,"iiii.o,, ",$r'".#iy""".r1i:rt"rs" t.: ptanti-ns ctaio--_-I;;o'-2r_ I I 5..: D_amase io Buitdi"gZ-Zn crlsoi:.s t.i o,"-:?:1!:iq *iii_ iZ1ti"pJlt16i-o- _ j-sr4 l' preserrza ii";-;; ';;;'d"r" o.Z. : t f'ences and Gates.:c7g{T _ I 9.7 rnfitL I I ,, I sanderson, pru, 'The iana I gardens', ICCROM of hj_storic ARC; 5."on3"..rr"aion . sanderson, Pru, and aeveropmeii ioni on oPtionsorct ions T presented at th ' in Papers t foi-pi"-"-"-irlrlu'o er MinistrY pp. a9-60 . TaYlor, Ken, I heritage int,erprei"t'Rura1 cult landscapes: a case for l- iorr-r- prvation and management; !"t-y91, A. c. T. , a rore mo, trandscape I, 1989, pp.2g-41. , austtalia, Xr, I t I

I t Tf L3 REGTONAL AIID TEEMATIC STUDTES T A celebration gardens of. in Victoria lgg|_gi, Garden and. Environment commitltee, victoria' Gotn Anniversary 85, Melbourne, t19g4l: " 19g4_ t Burger, Timothy, 'Cottagre gardens of Australian garden journai, j,-rJ.l-r..ythe goldfields,, I iv, 19g5, pp.Gg_ cuffley, Peter, c9t:tage gardens :.n Australia, Five Press, Melbourne, f-993: Mile T Grant, NIary, ,Gardens giarden journaJ., of the goldfields,, Austraj-ian !I: _4 April Lggi,- pp-.rso-rsz vrr, o, I Augrust i.988, pp .249-252. "r,a rd styles of planting used. in /ears' in papers present ed at I :ence, Ministry for planning tor j_c Buildings Council j I [Lum'ey, Peter; Dyke, John;_ Spencer Roger, & Gardiner, Alranl, ?rees and.- ga'rdens from the qordnining era.. a study of the Mardon randscape, R;t"i botanic- cliaens, I Melbourne, L982. Patrick' John-. ( compiler gruidebook ), @ardens of victoria, the T to victorii,s 6arb'ens siiiie, lst edition, ABc Enterprises, Sydney, r9B7 ; 2nd.- "Aiii;; 1988 . Patterson, K.A., rFarms anq goldfields:-iiiiori^n evolution of t land settrement in victoli ,- historicar- magazine, XLV, 1 February L974,^1 pp.4t:;S. Polya, I Rosemaryr'Nineteenth c_entury Australian nursery catalogues' , Journar of the austialian Garden History Society, Tt 4, Spring lgg2, pp.9_15 T public Lands of Austral_ia Felix: appraisal in Victoria J-934_97, with ot the western plains, 6xford T lbourne L970. Tanner, Howard & wil-derness: Strj_nger., Rj-chard , Converting the t ,the a1t ot {araening iilounia' AustraTia, Australian Gallery Dj_rect-ors Coun6il, SyOo"y, Lglg.

I 4 TNDT\/TDUAI. PROPERTTES Balderstone, S., & Eckersley, H., rThe lost garden at Creswick' lpark Lake gardenf,- frust news, August t P. 17. 199g, t I I

I I I4 I 5. PLAIIIS, GARDEN IIATNTENANCE AIID T,IANAGEMENI Boldrewood, Mrs Rolf (Margaret Browne) . Frower Gard.en in t Australia. Melbourne, 1g93.

Jones, peter, planting ( restoration, conservaiio. t styJ.e Australian garde Technical Bulletin 4.L, j Trusts and the National t L982.

c patrick, John, Understanding and T hrst oric garden, Historic euiflaings stry f or planning and Environrneni, T Notle, Trevor, The cottagte g:arden revived, attitud.es and plants essentiaJ, for nin6teinth century g,ardens, Press, L984. Kangaroo I Patrick, John, r The maintenance and management historic aardens' in Papers of Gardens presented at the Historic t conf erence,,- M-inist.y f or planning and Environment, Melbourne, L9g6, pp. ag'_e O. Petterson, Richard, Fences and gates c. Lg40-Lg25, I Technj-cal Burretin g.1, Autsrarj-an councir of National f- Trusts and National Trust of Australia (victoria), t Melbourne, 1999. I rselection of plants listed in victoria 1g4s-1g?4 known to be available to the nursery and. understanding and maintaininj trade, in I Historic -ruiiristryiou, hrst-o'c giarden, Buildings councll ano for planning and Environment, Melbburne, 19g?. I cole, T.C- ( 1g50 ) cor-e's Gardening in victoria. Fairfax & Co., Melbourne. w. crittenden, v. ( 1g7g ) The Front Garden; the story of I the cottage garden in Austraj.ra. Mulini p..ss, c"-r,:""rr". Ferguson, K.V.M. ( 1945 ).Sel.ection, propagiation and I Planting of trees in the country bist'cts of victoria. Leaflet 3, Government printer. I Ferguson, w. ( L862 ) Notes on Ornamental planting. Trans. Hort - rmprovement Assn., hlestn Dist. pp. 1)-sa. Rule, J. J. ( 1955 ) catarogue of pr.ants f I Charlwood C Son, Melbourne. or sa-Le Rure, J.J. ( 1g50 | catar.ogue of Trees and t & Co., Melbourne. Shrubs. Abbott I t l5 Rule, J.J. ( 1859 ) RuJe rs EconomicaL Gard.ening for Cottagers. Abbot & Co. , Mel_bourne. T smith, Adamson & co. ( 1854 ) The coroniaL Gardener, CataTogue of Seeds. - T Smith G. ( 18 6L ) .9eed Catal-ogiue ( Armstrong Ballarat ). Su . ,

Smith, J. & Sons ( 1B?l_ ) a Descriptive-l,telbourne. Catalog:ue of t Fru:.t frees. Clarson, Massina & Co., Wyatt, C. ( 1874 ) Charles hlyattts GeneraL Descriptive I CataTogae for 7874t of Fruit Trees, Shru,bs. . l Cl-arson Massj-na & Co., Melbourne. I I I I I t

T t I I t t t t I

T Proposed for addition to or retention the Historie Buitdings Register, or I the Governnent Buildings Register- I Nane Address File No. Swiss Mountain Hotel Hidland Highway,Blanpied 42 St Joseph's Catholic Church Hidland Highway,Blanpied 43 I Mount Prospect House Treweeks Rd, Blanpied 45 Pasco's Tinber Yard, 38-40 Albert St,Creswick 64 Shop and House Former Town Ha11 Albert St. , Creswick 68x t Forner Bank of NSI{ AIbert St. , Creswick 6g and Stables Former Tait's Store & Albert St. , Creswick 76 t Dwe I I ing Creswick Post Office Albert St. , Creswick g4 Gold Office Albert St. , Crewick 96x School of Art and Albert St. , Creswick 97 t Techno logy Former hone of A.J. Peacock 59 Canbridge St,Creswick t28 Former Vicarage 104 Church St,Creswick 155 t Dean State SchooI Ballarat-Daylesford Rd. 330 Dean Loatta Dean-MoIlongghip Morganti's Rd,Dean 336 I Farnhouse Horganti's Rd,Eganstown 35S Cumbersnethen Cenetery Rd, Sneaton 531 Smeaton Ui11 Conplex Creswick Rd, Smeaton 5561c Smeaton House Estate Lane, Sneaton 560x I Hepburn Graves Sneaton House, Sneaton SGO* I t

T t

Buildings eurrently on the Register of Historic Buildings I l'larked * I I I t I Proposed for addition to the Register T of the National Bstate Town Nane Address I I FiIe No. Allendale Allendale precinet It_ The whole of forner gold nining town. See planning Precinct No.1 l' Lewyn Farn Daylesford-C1unes I Hepburn Lagoon Rd 3g Daylesford-Clunes Rd 39 I I Blaapied Swiss Hountain Hotel Joseph'e Midland HiElhway 42 .St Catholic Church Hidland Highway Hount Prospect House 43 ll Treweeks Rd 45 Caapbelltown I Canpbelltown Cenetery Creswick-Newstead Rd 46 Cresnick - Albert Street precinct lfo.2 l Tinber House 24 Albert St Paseo's Tinber yard, 38-40 60 Shop and House Albert St 64 It Tiuber Shop 84 Albert St 88 Forner Town HaIl Albert St Forner Bank of NSt{ Albert 88 tt and Stables St 69x Ameriean Hotel Al.bert Brick Shop St 7L Masonic Albert St 73 t tlall Albert St Brick House 102 74 Forner A1bert St 75 Tait's Store Albert St St Andrew's Uniting Albert 78 t Church (presbyterian) St 77 British HoteI Albert St Shop Albert St 82 t Storey Brick Shop 84 I"o Albert St 89 Tro Storey Shops Albert St Rotunda Albert 90 Creswick post St 93 T Office Albert Sr Victoria Institute Albert 94 & Free Library St 95 Gold Office Albert St tt School of Art and 96 Technology Albert St 97 Forner Bank of Albert I New South Ifales St 98 Tinber House Cnr Canbridge Forner llone A. J. peacock & Raglan Sts 118 59 CanbridgE St L28 I eurrently on :ili!;"f= the Register of the National Estate I I r I I

Lewer's House Corner C hurc h and HaII Sts 151 Birthplace John Curtin Cnr Chur c Hal1 Sts t52 t Former Vicarage 104 Chur c t 155 St John's Anglican Napier S t 262 Church T St. Augustine's Catholic Napier s t 2Bg Church Bluestone Lock-Up RagIan S t'* 282 Forner Courthouse Raglan S t,i 283 I Forner PoIice Station RagIan S t 284 Creswick Prinary SchooI Raglan St Cnr Napier St 289 Forner Parsonage Cnr Victoria & Napier Sts 316 Creswick Railway Station Victoria St;. 318 I !; Creswiek - Clunes Road Precinct No-3 T Forner Grahan Residence 53 Clunes Rd 160 North Creswick Uniting Clunes Rd 183 Church I Southern Blue Gun Outside 91 Clunes Rd t72 ( E . Globu lus ) Cressick - Public Gardens Reserwe Preeinct No-7 t The area of the Public Gardens Reserve I Cressick - School of Forestry Precinct No.1O Trenearne House }|ater St 320 Former Hospital (Now Water St 32t I School of Forestry) Forestry Nursery Midland tlighway 322 Schoo1 0f Forestry I Dean I Dean School Residence Ballarat-Daylesford Rd 329 Dean State School BaIlarat-Dayleeford Rd. 330 Dean Hall Ballarat-Dayleeford Rd. 331 Loatta Dean-Hollongghip Rd 336 I Bluestone Farmhouse Creswick-Dean Rd. s34 Fanellan Farm Dean-l{ollongghip Rd 339 I Eganstown House (Four Hips) Hidland Highway 352 I Horganti's Farmhouse Morganti'e Rd - 355

Buildings currently on the Regieter of the National Estate I narked * I

I t

T I Kingston Chaff Hill AIlendale-Kingston Rd 370 KinE aton Showgrounds AIIendaIe-Kingston Rd 370A T Kingston Railway Station off AIlendale-Kingston Rd 3708 Forner Creswick Shire Creswick-Newstead Rd 374 Hal I Forner Shop Creswick-Newstead Rd 375 Kingston Inn Creswick-Newstead Rd 379 Former Hethodist Chureh Creswick-Newstead Rd 382 Two Storey Brick House Creswick-Newstead Rd 389 $lar l.lenorial & Avenue I I Creswick-Newstead Rd 396 Kingston State SchooI Creswiek-Newstead Rd. Forner 394 r Church of England Cnr Kingston & 405 Newstead llerona Rds I I Kooroocheang i t Hayf i e Id Kingston-fJerona Rd 420 Forner Hit or Miss HoteI Kingston-lferona Rd 42t Koorootyngh Cottage Kingston- lferona Rd 422 I (Forner Methodist Church) Former SchooI House Kingston-Werona Rd 424 Forner SchooI Residence Kingston-l{erona Rd 425 t Thornbarrow l{illians Rd 430 Itollongghip

t St. Peter's Church Dean-l{ollongghip Rd 448 I of England Hount Proapect

I Ht.Prospect Presbyterian Hidland Highway 464 Church & Cenetery T Nenlyn and lfewlyn l{orth

Former Wesleyan Church Dean-Newlyn Rd 472 Newlyn State SchooI Hidland HiEhway 475 I Connunity Hall Midland Highway 478 Tynen's Chaff Milt Sutton Park Rd 483 Goods Shed Newlyn Station 488 t Sutton Park Sutton Park Rd 490 I Scrub Hill Scrub HiII Uniting Church SawnilI Rd 518 T Buildings currently on the Register of the National Estate narked * : I I t r- T I Saeaton I Sneaton State SchooI Calder St 520 Cunbersnethen Cenetery Rd, Smeaton 531 Sneaton Cenetery Cenetery Rd 534 Sneaton Presbyterian Creswick-Newstead Rd 537 I Church & Hal1 Presbyterian Vicarage Creswick-Newstead Rd 538 Former National Bank Cnr Creswick & Daylesford Rds 544 t Pioneers Ilonument Cnr Creswick & Daylesford Rds.545 Butcher's Shop Cnr Creswick & Daylesford Rds 546 Cumberland HoteI Cnr Creswick & Daylesford Rds 547 T Former Bank of Cnr Creswick & Daylesford Rds 548 Australasia Blueetone Bridge Creswick Rd 555 Sneaton Mill Conplex Creswick Rd 556t T Sneaton House Estate Lane 580x llepburn Greves Sneaton Houee, Estate Lane 560x Pioneers' Honunent Smeaton Back Rd. 565 T Springlount

Uniting Church Hidland Highway, Springnount 585 I Ullina I Avenue of Honour UIIina Rd, UlIina 602 Fermoyne Farm Kooroocheang-UIlina Rd 604 T Buildings currently on the Register of the Nationar Estate uarked l( t I I I

T I I

I L- I I I I Sites which werEr unable to be surveyed during the i I Heritage Study I I I Farm, otf f- continuation of Victoria Rd, East of Kingston I 3623-2-2 yD I Creswick 64S4Bs I t county Talbot, Parish springhilt, section c Lots J & 4 f-- "Spring Head" off SawmiI Rd, Scrub Hilf 3623-2-2 Creswick yD t t 621550 county Talbot, Parish creswick section A Lots 4 & 5

"Wangara" MoI Iongghip Btampied Rd I 7723-3-3 Barkstead BU S72SS1 County Talbot Parish Dean Section X Lot ls "Dimonds" park I or Langford off MolIingghip Blampied Rd 7723-3-3 Barkstead BU 372496 County Talbot Parish Dean Section VII Lot 1A I "Yackam", Marks Road 7623-2-4- Clunes yD 541695 I County TaIbot Parish Smeaton Section B Lot B4F "YooraIla" Blampied Kooroocheang Rd 7723-3-4- Eganstown BU 568638 I County Talbot Parish Smeaton Section A Lot 86 Farm, Kangaroo Hills Road, Kangaroo HilIs 7723-3-4 Eganstown BU 35g626 I county TaIbot Parish Burrarook section B Lot 76 Farm, off Judson Rd, Kangaroo Hills I 7723-4-3. Eganstown BU 355634 county Talbot Parish Burtarook section B Lot Bo

Farm, off Eastern Hill Rd t 7723-3-4 Eganstown BU 396646 county Talbot Parish Bullarook section A Lot Lza I "Wunderleigh" off Creswick Newstead Road 7623-2-L Smeaton yD 6257Iz parish I county of ralbot campbelltown No section Lot 4oA Oakbank Farm, Ullina Kooroocheang Rd Moorookyle t 7623-2-L- Smeaton yD 656 697

T I I I Building Citation Index VoJ.unee 1 & 2

t t t t

BuiJ.ding Citation Index VoJ.ume One t AIJLINDALE FILE NO. BELL STREET ..Timber House ...... 1 t ELTZABETH STREET ..Former Allendale post office .....g ELIZABETH STREET ..Former Allenda1e School .....4 ELTZABETH STREET ..Former school Teacher,s House....3 ELIZABETH STREET . . timber House ...... 2 I EIIZABETH STREET ..Timber House ...... 5 ELfZABETH STREET ..Timber House ...... 6 LONE HAND ROAD & t ELTZABETH srREET, coRNER ...Former Allendale post office .....9 LONE HAND ROAD ELIZABETH STREET, CORNER ...Former General Store ...... 7 I LOUGHLIN STREET ...Timber House ...... 9 MAIN ROAD & AILENDAIE MILL ROAD, CORNER Former Bakery .....L2 MAIN RoAD ....Timber House ...... 1_3 I MArN STREET . . Cast rron Standpipe . . .11 lllAIN STREET ..Tlmber House .....10 MILL RoAD ....Tlmber House .....15 I POST OFFTCE, FORMER AILENDAIE...... Elizabeth Street ...... 9 SCHOOL, FORMER ALLENDALE....Elizabeth Street ...... 4 I I{EST BERRY ROAD ...Timber Farmhouse ...... 1g WEST BERRY ROAD, OFF. . . Timber House . . . ..16 BROOMF TEIJD I cRESwrcK - SMEATON ROAD ....Former Broomfierd school ...30 cRESwrcK - SMEATON RoAD Former Broomfield. school . . .30 cRESwrcK - SMEATON ROAD .... Gold Discovery Monument . , ..2g I HENDER ROAD & SMoKEYTowN ROAD, coRNER ....Former wallace Town Hotel ...... 22 HOTEL, FORMER WAILACE TOWN..Corner Hender Road c t Smokeytown Road ...... 22 MONUMENT, GOLD DISCOVERY. . . . Creswick - Smeaton Road .. ..29 scHool, FORMER BROOMFTELD. ..Creswick - Smeaton Road ....30 T BIJAMP TED CHURCH, ST JOSEPHS CATHOLIC.Midland Hj_ghway ...... 43 DAYLESFORD - CLUNES ROAD....Hepburn Lagoon ...39 T DAYLESFORD - CLUNES ROAD....Lewyn Farm ...... 39 HOTEL, SWfSS MOUNTAIN ..Midland Highway ...... 42 MTDLAIID HTGHWAY ...st.Tosephs catholic church ...... 43 I MIDLAIID HIGHWAY ... Swiss Mountain Hotel 42 MIDLAI{D HfGHWAY ...Timber House .....41 - TREWEEKS ROAD Mt prospect House .....45 I CAMPBEIJLEOWN CEMETERY, CAI\4PBELLTOWN . Creswick - Newstead Road 46 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD. .. .Campbelltown Cemetery 46 I CRESWfCK - NEWSTEAD ROAD. . . . Farrnhouse 48 t t_ CRESWI CK FILE No. ALBERT & t CAMBRIDGE STREETS, CORNER ..Creswick Post Office ...... 94 ALBERT & SOUTH STREETS, CORNER . Timber House . . . .101 ALBERT STREET 11 . House ..78 I ALBERT STREET 12 .Timber Workshop ...... 55 ALBERT STREET 13 . House . .79 ALBERT STREET 18 .Timber Shop ...... 57 I ALBERT STREET 20 .Timber Shop ...... 58 ALBERT STREET 22 . Timber House . . . ..59 ALBERT STREET 24 .Ti-mber House .....60 I ALBERT STREET 25 .House ...... 80 ALBERT STREET 26 .Timber Shop ...... 61_ ALBERT STREET 30 . Tlmber Shop ...... 62 AIBERT STREET 32 .Pair of Timber Shops ...... 63 t AIBERT STREET 38-40 ... Timber Yard, Brickshop .....54 ALBERT STREET 54 .Timber House .....65 ALBERT STREET 64 .Timber Shop ...... 66 T ALBERT STREET 66 . Timber House .. ...67 ALBERTSTREET87 .GoldOffice ...... 96 AIBERT STREET 99 . Former Bank of New South Wales . .98 ALBERT STREET L02 House . .75 I ALBERT STREET 103 Timber House .....99 ALBERT STREET 105 Butcher's Shop ..100 ALBERT STREET American Hotel ...7L T ALBERT STREET British Hotel ....82 ALBERT STREET Cosy Corner Cafe ...... 69 AT,BERT STREET Farmers Arm Hotel . . . . .81 ALBERT STREET Pormer Shops .....88 I ALBERT STREET Former Tait's Store ...76 AIBERT STREET Havj-lah Masonic Lodge ...... 74 ALBERT STREET ,-Iubilee Rotunda ...... 93 I ALBERT STREET Salvation Army Hall ...12 ALBERT STREET School of Mines & Technology ....97 ALBERT STREET Shop . . .73 I ALBERT STREET Shop ...84 ALBERT STREET Shop . . .85 AIBERT STREET Shop ...86 ALBERT STREET Shop ...90 I AIBERT STREET Shops . .83 ALBERT STREET Shops ..89 ALBERT STREET Shops ...... 91 I ALBERT STREET St Andrew's Uniting Church ... -..77 A.LBERT STREET Town Hall . . . 68 ALBERT STREET Vi.ctoria Institute & Free Library .....95 I AI{ERICAN HOTEL ....Albert Street ....7L ASCOT - CRESWICK ROAD ..House ...... 19L ASCOT - CRESWICK ROAD ..House ...... L92 I AYRES STREET L2 ..Timber House ....107 AYRES STREET 14 ..Timber House ....L08 BAID HILLS ROAD L2 .. .. Timber House . . . .109 I BANK OF NEW SOUTH WAI,ES, FORMER ..99 Albert Street ...... 98 BATTERY, ORE CRUSHING ..Battery Crescent .....110 BRACKENBURY ROAD ..Brackenbury Scenic Drive .322L I I CRESWICK FILE NO. T BRIDGE & HAINES STREETS, CORNER Brick House .....1L4 BRIDGE STREET 6 ...... Brick House .....111- BRIDGE STREET Former Commissioner's House ....IL2 I BRIDGE, IRON RAILWAY . . . Over Creswick Creek . . 193 CAIAMBEEN PARK ....Cushing Avenue ..'J,94 CA}IBRIDGE & I RAGLAN STREETS, CORNER Timber House . . . .11-8 CAIIBRIDGE & VICTORIA STREETS, CORNER . . . Lindsay Memorial . .. . .L2L CAMBRTDGE STREET LG ...Timber House ....L20 I CAI{BRIDGE STREET 29 ...Ti.mber House ....L22 CAIIBRIDGE STREET 32 ...Timber llouse ....L23 CAI{BRIDGE STREET 54 ...Ti.mber House ....L26 T CAI.{BRIDGE STREET 59 ...Tinber House ....L28 CAI{BRfDGE STREET 60 ...Timber House ....L29 CAIvIBRIDGE STREET 61 ...Timber House ....L30 I CAI'IBRIDGE STREET 63... .Tirnber House ....133 CAI{BRIDGE STREET 67 .. . . Timber House . . . .134 CAI,IBRIDGE STREET ..Cenotaph - Fiddian Memorial ....131 CAI{BRIDGE STREET ..Fountain ...116 t CA!,IBRIDGE STREET ..Peacock Memorial .....135 CA!,IBRIDGE STREET ..Timber House ....119 CAI4BRIDGE STREET ..War Memorial ....115 t CAIIP STREET 31... .Timber House ....138 CAI4P STREET 33... .Timber House ....139 CAI,IP STREET 35... .Timber House ....140 I CARMODY DRIVE & GOVERNMENT ROAD, CORNER Timber House ....t47 CASTLEIIAINE RD 13...... Timber House ....L44 CEMETERY, CRESWICK.. ..Clunes - CreswLck Road ....189 T CEMETERY, CRESWfCK... .. Clunes - Creswick Road . . . . L89 CHARLES STREET ....Timber House ....149 CHURCH & I HfLL STREETS, CORNER ...Brick and Timber House ....151 CHURCH & HILL STREETS, CORNER . . . Timber House .. . .]-52 CHURCH STREET 88...... Timber House ....150 I CHURCH STREET 99...... Timber House ....153 CHURCH STREET 103...... Timber House ....154 CHURCH STREET 104...... Former St Jobn's Vicarage .155 t CHURCH, FORMER ....North Parade 13 .273 CHURCH, FORMER PRTMITIVE METHODIST..Clunes Road .....163 T CHURCH, ST ANDREWTS UNITING.. ..Albert Street ....77 cHuRcH, ST AUGUSTINE'S CATHOLIC.....Napier Street ...269 T CHURCH, ST AUGUSTINE'S CATHOLIC.....Napier Street ...269 CHURCH, ST .IOHNTS AI{GLICAN..Napier Street ...262 I CHURCH, ST JOHN'S AIiIGIICAI{..Napier Street ...262 CLUNES - CRESWICK ROAD .Creswick Cemetery ....189 CLUNES - CRESWICK ROAD .New Australasian Mine Site .....190 t CLUNES ROAD 53... .Timber House ....160 I I I CRESWICK FILE NO. CLUNES ROAD 62... .Timber House ....161 I CTUNES ROAD 64... .Ti-rnber House ....L62 CLUNES ROAD 67... .Timber House ....L64 CLUNES ROAD 76... .Timber House ....165 CLUNES ROAD'78... .Timber lfouse ....168 I CLUNES ROAD 80... .Timber House ....169 CLUNES ROAD 86... .Timber House ....170 CLUNES ROAD 9l-... .Shop & Residence .....17L t CLUNES ROAD 91... .Tasmanian Blue Gum ..,L72 CLUNES ROAD 92. . . . Ti-mber House .. ..L74 CLUNES ROAD 96... .Timber House ....L75 I CLUNES ROAD L0L.. .Timber House ....178 CLUNES ROAD 103.. .Timber House ....L79 CLUNES ROAD 106.. .Timber House ....180 CLUNES ROAD 110.. .Brick House .....L82 t CLUNES ROAD 111.. .Timber House ....183 CLUNES ROAD LL2.. .Timber House ....184 CLUNES ROAD L28.. .Timber House ....188 n CLUNES ROAD . . Former Primitive Methodi-st Church . . . . . 163 CLUNES STREET LLA Brick House .....185 CLUNES STREET L15 Timber House ....186 I CONVENT, FORMER ...Napier Street ...268 CRESWICK CREEK, OVER ... Iron Railway Bridge ..193 CUSHING AVENUE ....Calambeen Park ..L94 T DRM, BRACKENBURY SCENIC...Brackenbury Road ....322A DRUMMOND STREET 2L.. ...House 195 DRUMMOND STREET 23... ..House L97 T DRUMMOND STREET 25. . . .. House 198 DRUMMOND STREET 29.. ...House 199 ELIZABETH STREET & PHfILIP STREET, CORNER . Long Point Cottage 203 t ELIZABETH STREET .. Ti.mber House . . . .202 ELIZABETH STREET .. Tirnber House .. ..204 FOREST, CRESWICK STATE .Boyhood Home of W.G. Spence ...3228 l FOREST, CRESWICK STATE . Smokeytown Water Race ....322C GARDINER & BELL STREET, CORNER ...Timber House ....206 GARDfNER STREET 8...... Timber House ....205 I GARDfNER STREET L2... ..Timber House ....207 GARDINER STREET L4... ..Timber House ....2O8 GARDINER STREET 18... ..Ti-mber House ....209 I GARDINER STREET 24. .. .. Timber House .. ..2L0 GOLD OFFICE ..87 Albert Street ...... 96 GO\ZERNMENT ROAD (NEAR LUTTET STREET) ...House ...... 280 I GOVERNMENT ROAD (NORTH KfNG STREET) ....House ...... 228 GOVERNMENT ROAD I (OFF CARMODY DRM) ....Timber Kj-tchen ..148 GOVERNMENT ROAD (OFF LEES STREET) .House .230 I GOVERNMENT ROAD (TO RUBBISH TIP)...... House ...... 30L HAINES STREET 7... Timber House ....2L2 HAI TREET .. .. . T r House ....2Ls I t I t CRESWICK FILE NO. t HALL STREET L7... .House ..2L6 HALL, FORMER METHODfST CHURCH ....Victoria Street .3L7 T HALL, SALVATION ARMY ...Albert Street ....72 HALL, ST AUGUSTINETS PARISH.Napier Street . . .267 HALL, ST JOHN'S CHURCH .Napier Street ...263 HALL, TOWN ...Albert Street ....68 T HAIIMOND STREET L...... House HAMMOND STREET lLA.. ...House :: : : : : : : : ::: : :: : : : : : : : : : : .lil HARVEY STREET 3. . . House .220 I HOSPITAI, CRESWICK DISTRICT. Napier Street ...257 HOSPITAL, FORMER CRESWICK. . .Water Street ....32L HOTEL, AI{ERICAI{ ...Albert Street ....7L HOTEL, BRITISH ....Albert Street ....82 T HOTEL, EARMERS ARM. ....Albert Street ....81 HOTEL, FORMER Luttet Street ...236 HUTCHINSON STREET...... Timber Cottage ..22L I .]ORY STREET ..House .225 JORY STREET .. Stone House .....224 KING STREET 31.. ..House KING STREET ..House t LEWERS STREET 58. . House LEWERS STREET 60...... House : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ::ii\ LIBRARY, t VICTORIA INSTUTUTE e FREE. . . Albert Street ....95 LITTLE KING STREET 1...... House .233 LODGE, HAVfLAIi I4ASONIC . Albert Street . .. .74 LUTTET & I ELIZABETH STREETS, CORNER. . . House ..239 LUTTET STREET C GOVERNMENT ROAD, CORNER llouse 234 t LUTTET STREET 46...... House 238 LUTTET STREET Former Hotel 236 LUTTET STREET House 235 T LUTTET STREET House 237 LUTTET STREET & GO\IERNMENT ROAD, CORNER House .279 MACS STREET 1L... .House .24L t !,IACS STREET 73. . . . House .242 MELBOURNE ROAD 10...... House .244 MEIBOURNE ROAD L2...... House .245 T MELBOURNE ROAD 13...... Former Shop .....246 MELBOURNE ROAD I4...... House .247 MELBOURNE ROAD 19...... House .248 MELBOURNE ROAD 28...... House .250 I MELBOURNE ROAD 29...... House .25L MELBOURNE ROAD 30...... Former Shop .....252 MEMORIA],, I CENOTAPH - FIDDIA\I Cambridge Street .....131 MEMORIAI, LINDSAY...... Corner Cambridge & Victoria Streets .....I2L t MEMORIAI, PEACOCK...... Cambridge Street .....135 MEMORIAI, WAR Cambridge Street .....115 MINE SfTE, NEW AUSTRjALASIAI{.C1unes - Creswick Road .... L90 MOORE STREET .House .254 t NAPIER & SOUTH STREETS, CORNER ..House .270 I t

I I CRESWICK FTLE NO. t SCHOOL OF MINES & TECHNOLOGY.. .Albert Street ....97 SCHOOL, CRESWICK PRfMARY....Corner Rag1an & Napier Streets .289 SEMMENS AVENUE 22...... House .302 I SMEATON - CRESWICK ROAD Farmhouse . .307 STATION I,IASTERTS HOUSE .Corner Victoria c Lewers Streets 308 T VICTORIA & LEWERS STREETS, CORNER .Station Master's House ....308 VICTORIA & I NAPIER STREETS, CORNER . Former Methodist Parsonage.....316 VICTORIA & NAPIER STREETS, CORNER . House 315C VICTORIA STREET 25.. ...House .3L4 t VICTORIA STREET 30.. ...House .3L2 VICTORTA STREET 33.. ...House .3L3 VICTORfA STREET 36.. ...House .3L0 t VICTORIA STPEET . . . Creswick Railway Statj-on . .318 VICTORIA STREET . . . Former Methodist Church HaIl . . .3L7 VICTORIA STREET ...House .309 t VICTORIA STREET ...House .31L WATER STREET & EXCHANGE LAIIE, CORNER ..Stables ....69A WATER STREET 3.... House ...... 319 I WATER STREET .Former Creswick Hospital ..321 WATER STREET .Tremearne House .320

T t t I t t I I BuiJ.ding Citation Index Vo1ume Two DEAN I No. BALLARAT - DAYLESFORD ROAD. . "Broadford" 333 BALLARJAT DAYLESFORD - ROAD. . Dean HaIl 33 r_ I BAL],ARAT - DAYTESFORD ROAD. . Dean State School . . . .330 BALLARAT . DAYLESFORD ROAD. .Farmhouse ..324 BAI,LARAT - DAYLESFORD ROAD. .Former Bank Branch ...326 BALLARAT - DAYLESFORD ROAD. . Greenlands Farm .325 I BALLARAT - DAYLESFORD ROAD. .House ...... 332 BALLARAT - DAYLESFORD ROAD. . School Residence 329 BALLARAT. DEAN ROAD ...Dean Hotel 327 I BANK BRANCH, FORMER ....Ballarat - Daylesford Road .....326 CRESWICK - DEAN ROAD ...Stone House .....334 DEAN - MEWLYN ROAD "Fanellan" Farm .339 DEAN - MEWLYN ROAD Farmhouse . .340 I DEAN - MOLLONGGHIP ROAD Farmhouse . .337 DEAN - MOLLONGGIIIP ROAD Farmhouse . .338 DEAN - MOLLONGGHfP ROAD 'tloatta', ...... 336 t DEAN RESERVOfR ROAD ....Farmhouse ..341 HALL, DEAN ...Ballarat - Daylesford Road .....331 HOTEL, DEAN ..Ballarat - Dean Road ...... 327 HOWARDS & I BUNGAREE ROADS, CORNER .House ...... 344 HOWARDS & BUNGAREE ROADS, CORNER . House .345 I HOWARDS ROAD, OFF .Farmhouse ..342 MORRISONS ROAD ....Farmhouse ..346 SAWMILL ROAD .,'G1engyron" Farm .....347 SCHOOL RESIDENCE...... Ballarat - Daylesford Road .....329 I SCHOOL, DEAII STATE Ballarat - Daylesford Road . . . . .330 EGANSTOWN I DEEPSPRING ROAD ...House ...... 348 DEEPSPRING ROAD ...House .349 DEEPSPRING ROAD ...House ...... 350 t EASTERN HfLL ROAD . Farmhouse . .351 MIDLAND HIGHWAY ...House ...... 352 MORGANTIS ROAD ....House .353 MORGANTTS ROAD ....House ...... 354 t MORGANTIS ROAD ....Morganti's Farm ...... 355 GLENGOWER t COTSWALD ROAD Havilah Estate . .356 KADIGAROO EILLS t KANGAROO HIILS ROAD ....Bundaleer 364 KANGAROO HILLS ROAD ....Farmhouse 365 KINGSTON t ALLENDALE - KINGSTON ROAD. . Chaff Mill 370 AI,LENDALE - KTNGSTON ROAD. . . House 37L I ALLENDA],E - KINGSTON ROAD. . . House 372 ALLENDAIE KINGSTON ROAD OFF. ....House 368 KINGSTON ROAD, OFF. ....Kingston Showgrounds 3708 'il T

T KINGSTON FILE NO. I ALLENDALE KINGSTON ROAD, OFF. ....Kingston Station ....370A CHURCH, FORMER HOLY TRINfTY . . . . Corner Newstead c Werona - Kingston Roads ...405 CHURCH, FORMER METHODIST....Creswick - Newstead Road ..382 CLUNES - DAYIESFORD ROAD....Farmhouse ..40L COACHBUILDERS HOUSE, FORMER.Creswick - Newstead Road ..376 CRESWICK . NEWSTEAD & AICORN ROADS, CORNER ...House ...... 399 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD & I ALCORN ROADS, CORNER . . . Leishman Farm . ..397 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....Country Fire Authority Buildings . .390 t CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....Farmhouse ..399 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....Farmhouse ..400 CRESWfCK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....Former Coachbuilders House .....3?6 I CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....Former Commercial Hotel ...329 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....Former Creswick Shire Hall .....374 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....Former Gore House ....377 CRESWTCK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....Former Kingston post Office ....386 I CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....Former Methodist Church ...382 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....Former Police Station .....388 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....House ...... 373 T CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....House ...... 3?8 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....House ...... 380 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....House ...... 381 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....House ...... 385 I CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....House ...... 38? CRESWfCK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....House ...... 391 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....House ...... 392 I CRESWfCK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....House ...... 393 CRESWTCK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....House ...... 395 CRESWTCK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....Kingston Post Offj_ce ...... 384 T CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD....Kj.ngston State School .....394 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD. . . . Two-storey Brick House . .. .389 CRESWICK - NEWSTEAD ROAD.. . .War Memorial ,. . .396 FTRE AUTHORITY t BUILDINGS, COUNTRY Creswick - Newstead Road . .390 HALL, FORMER CRESWfCK SHfRE.Creswick - Newstead Road ..374 IIOTEL, FORMER COMMERCIAI....Creswick - Newstead Road ..379 T MEMORIAI, WAR Creswick - Newstead Road . .396 MfLI SfTE ....Victoria Road, off ...409 MILL, CHAFF . . Allendale - Kj_ngston Road . 370 t MILL, HEPBURN Werona - Kj-ngston Road, off . . . .4L2 NEWLYN & VfCTORIA ROADS, CORNER .Farmhouse ..411 NEWSTEAD & WERONA - I KfNGSTON ROADS, CORNER . Former Holy Trinity Church . . . . .405 NEWSTEAD ROAD Cooinda ....402 NEWSTEAD ROAD House .403 NEWSTEAD ROAD, OFP. ....Seven Hi1ls Estate Homestead..401A t PINE GROVE ...Off Victoria Road ....410 POLICE STATfON, FORMER . Creswick - Newstead Road . .388 POST OFFTCE, I FORMER KINGSTON ...Creswick - Newstead Road ..385 t POST OFFICE, KINGSTON . . Creswick - Newstead Road . .394 I

I I MOOROOKYLE FTLE NO. t NEWSTEAD - CRESWICK ROAD....Burnbank ...460 ULIINA - KOOROOCHEAIIG ROAD..Pine Lodge .459 ULLINA - KOOROOCHEAI{G ROAD.. Stone Shepherd's Ilut 458A I MT. PROSPECT BRIDGE, BLUESTONE...... Midtand Highway .466 CHURCH & CEMETERY, MT PROSPECT PRESBYTERIAN....Midland Hj_ghway .464 MIDLAND HIGHWAY ...Bluestone Bridge .....466 MfDLAND HIGHWAY ...House .463 MfDLAND HIGHWAY ...House .467 I MIDLAND HIGHWAY ...Mt Prospect Presbyterian Church & Cemetery .464 MfDLAND HIGHWAY ...Mt Prospect I State School No. 444 465 MOLLONGGHIP - BLA}IPTED ROAD. Farm}rouse 468 SCHOOL, Mf PROSPECT STATE...Midland Highway 465 I TELEGRAPH ROAD ....Farmhouse 469 TELEGRAPH ROAD ....Farmhouse 470 TELEGRAPH ROAD ....Farmhouse 47L T NEWIJYN BAIIK OF AUSTRALASfA, FORMER. Sutton Park Road . .. . .485 CHURCH, FORMER WESLEYAN Dean - Newlyn Road . . .472 t CHURCH, ST I4ATHEW'S AIIGLICAII ...Newlyn Reservoir Road .....502 DEAI{ - NEWLYN ROAD Former Wesleyan Church . . . .472 T FOREST HILL ROAD . . House .491 GOODS SHED, NEWLYN STATION..Off Sutton Park Road .4BB INSTITUTE, NEWLYN MECHAT{ICS.M1dIand Highway .476 T KINGSTON - NEWIYN ROAD .Bluestone Barn ..492 KfNGSTON - NEWT.YN ROAD . House .493 KfNGSTON - NEWLYN ROAD .Tlmber House ....473 MIDLAIVD HIGHWAY ...Bi.rch House .....499 t MIDLAIiID HIGHWAY ...Butcher's Shop & House ....497 MIDLAI{D HfGHWAY ...House .477 MIDLAND HIGHWAY ...House .496 T MIDLAIID HIGHWAY ...House .500 MIDLAI{D HIGHWAY ...Newlyn Mechanics Institute .....476 MIDLAIiID HIGHWAY . . . Newlyn State School . .475 MIDLAND HIGHWAY ...Tinber House ....494 T MILL, CHAFF .. Sutton Park Road . . . . .483 NEWLYN RESERVOIR ROAD ..Ent,erprise Bakery ....501 NEWIYN RESERVOIR ROAD ..House .478 T NEWLYN RESERVOIR ROAD ..St Mathew's Anglican Church ....502 PATTERSONS ROAD ...House .480 PATTERSONS ROAD ...House .481 SCHOOL, NEWLYN STATE ...Midland Highway .475 T SUTTON PARK ROAD ..Birch's Bullarook Station 490A SUTTON PARK ROAD . . Chaff MiII .483 SUTTON PARK ROAD . . Former Bank of Australasia . . . . .485 T SUTTON PARK ROAD . . House .482 SUTTON PARK ROAD ..House .484 SUTTON PARK ROAD ..Michell & T Sons General Merchants ....486 SUTTON PARK ROAD .. Sutton Park .. . ..490 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

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>|>>ts VVVVVVMTTtV 14 ? {fifiSfififiSff> (.rfrlltrl 9t F{d(/) \ \ Z O &&frililfr .Zooo(J()(JoE() o 4 ZZ EE{E{tsHFtsHFr \ mtrE'-l'JrJrl E!O ozzrA|c frO6 &frTA rt1 F] H r'] H E E O H H H H H H H z H H H OO M (/)(nQ@EE rjM EH(JOO O < O Fl o O f'l f'l f'l f4 f'l f'l & & 4 a @ q @ Q Q (/) El u) (t> tsH XfrN&&e&&4H n'IDEEEB ez ZF dHF{ t-] f'l Fl Z Fl F1 E E E E E E D D F1 r'l rrl H r'l H H H > El lr1 =E DD !f'{'{'((d<4FlO \r 44Gd.&& ( > { d 4 ( H 14 l'1 H r'l H E E E & & & & e & &O & & z @a Emp0c0c0!0mo@E (,)raoq@@a gtd @ ZMtr A (J (n() rJ ()()() (J(J O ()(J (JO (') () O () () () (J (J (9 () C) I I SMEATON FILE NO. I CRESWICK ROAD ....House .549 CRESWICK ROAD House ...... 552 CRESWICK ROAD Kingston Grange .559 CRESWICK ROAD Shop & DweJ-J-ing ...... 553 t CRESWICK ROAD Smeaton MiIl Complex .556 CRESWICK ROAD Smeaton Road Bridge . .555 CRESWICK ROAD Storeroom ..554 T DAYLESFORD & CRESWICK ROADS ....Nationa1 Bank of Australasia ...544 DAYLESFORD & I CRESWICK ROADS, CORNER .Smeaton Hotel ...547 DAYLESFORD & CRESWICK ROADS, CORNER .Butcherrs Shop ..546 DAYLESFORD & t CRESWICK ROADS, CORNER . Former Bank of Australasia . . . . .548 DAYLESPORD & CRESWICK ROADS, CORNER . Pioneers' Monument . . .545 I DAYI,ESFORD - CLUNES ROAD....Hillview Farm ...542 DAYLESFORD - CLUNES ROAD....House ...... 543 ESTATE LAI\IE ..Farmhouse ..56L ESTATE LA IE .. Smeaton House & Hepburn Graves .560 I FREDRICK STREET ...Rendered House ..562 HOTEL, SMEATON ....Corner Daylesford & Creswick Roads ..547 I MILL COMPLEX, SMEATON . . Creswj.ck Road . . .556 MONUMENT, PIONEERST. ...Corner Daylesford & Creswick Roads . .545 MONUMENT, PIONEERS' . . .. Smeaton Back Road . . . .565 I SCHOOL - STATE ....Calder Street ...526 SMEATON BACK ROAD . Pioneers' Monument . . .555 SMEATON BACK ROAD . Timber House . . . .563 T SMEATON BACK ROAD .Timber House ....564 SMEATON BACK ROAD, LAI{E OFF.Former Bakery ...566 SMEATON BACK ROAD, LAI{E OFF.Tirnber House ....557 I WERONA - KfNGSTON ROAD . Farmhouse . .568 WERONA - KINGSTON ROAD . Kerrins Bridge . .570 WERONA - KINSTON ROAD ..Timber House ....57L WERONA - KINSTON ROAD, OFF. . Tj-mber House . . . .572 T WHITE HIILS ROAD ..Spring Bank .....574 WHITE HfLT,S ROAD ..Ti.mber House ....573 T SMOKEYTOWN HOTEL, FORMER Smokeytown Road .576 SMOKEYTOWN ROAD ...Former Hotel ....576 T SPRINGMOUNtr CHURCH, IINITTNG ...Midland Highway ...... 585 MIDLAND HfGHWAY ...Coffey Farmhouse .....579 I MIDLAI{D HIGHWAY ...Timber House ....581 MIDLAND HIGHWAY . . . Timber House .. . .582 MIDLAI{D HIGHWAY ...Timber House ....583 I MIDLAIiID HfGHWAY ...Timber House ....584 MIDLAIID HIGHWAY ...Timber House ....586 MIDLAND HIGHWAY ...Timber House ....587 MfDLAND HfGHWA,Y ...Timber House ....588 t MIDLAND HIGHWAY ...Timber House ....589 I I SPRINGMOUNT FILE NO. MIDLAIIID HIGHWAY ...Uniting Church ..585 t MIDLAND HfGHWAY, OFP. . . Timber House . . ..580 THE AVENUE, OFF. ..Hillside ...577 THE AVENUE, OFF. . . The Firs . . .528 I SULKY HOTEL, RED LION ...Midland Highway .591 MIDLAND HIGHWAY . . . Red Lion Hotel . .591 I T'LLINA A\IENUE OF HONOUR...... U1lina Road .....602 t CENTRiAL LEADS LANE Farmhouse . .593 DAYIESFORD - CLUNES ROAD...Berry No. 1 Pump House ....592 DAYLESFORD - CLUNES ROAD....Hepburn Estate Pump House .595 T PUMP HOUSE, BERRY NO. 1.....Daylesford - Clunes Road ..592 PUMP HOUSE, HEPBURN ESTATE..Daylesford - Clunes Road ..595 ULLINA - KOOROOCHEAIIG ROAD. . rFalkirkr . .605 ULLINA - KOOROOCHEANG ROAD.. 'Fermoyne' .604 I ULLINA - KOOROOCHEAI{G ROAD. . rHavilandr .601 ULLfNA - KOOROOCHEAI{G ROAD.. rMoora GIen' ... .603 ULLINA, ROAD ..Avenue of Honour .....602 I t I t t

I I t