5. AUSTRALIAN MEMORIAL AVENUES

Information from published literature, personal discussions with members of the public and the arboricultural profession and the survey forms conducted by this study have been collated to produce a summary of memorial avenues throughout Australia. This list contains historical and descriptive information where available and represents all avenues known to these contributors. This list is unlikely to contain all avenues ever planted and may contain inaccuracies. It is possible that some avenues, particularly in Victoria, have been listed twice as some avenues have been called different names by different sources. All care has been made to only include factual information but a detailed investigation of all individual avenues is required for complete accuracy. In some isolated cases certain facts may already be lost to history and we must rely on opinion and conjecture.

FIG 5.1: BACCHUS MARSH AVENUE OF HONOUR, VIC. (SARAH COCKERELL 2007)

1 5.1 Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory

No avenues were identified in the Northern Territory. Several single trees and other vegetative memorials exist. Only 2 avenues within the ACT have been identified. No council surveys were completed for these avenues.

5.1.1. Locations, Tree Details, Signs and Plaques

The small number of avenues in the ACT is probably caused by the small area occupied by the Territory and the proximity of various federal memorials. Instead of local communities building their own memorials the presence of the federal government in Canberra resulted in larger, national memorials such as the Australian War Memorial.

It is not known why the memorial at Hall contains such a variety of species or if any of the trees were replacements from the original planting.

The individual engraved plaques at the Hall memorial are typical of memorials planted for WW1. No information is available on any signage at the Canberra High School Memorial.

5.1.2 Commemoration, History and Associations

Exact dates for the planting of these avenues are not known but the commemorative details, representing men from the local area, are typical of memorial avenues.

No further details about either avenue have been discovered. More localised research is needed.

Further investigation is needed to identify any other references.

2 FIG 5.1: ACT MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATIONS, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES

Description Original Name Street Town Details OP AP and Species Signs Plaques Features Comments Canberra High School leading Evergreen Canberra Canberra to the main trees. entrance. 1 Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata), 5 White Poplar All trees marked (Populus alba), 2 English Elm (Ulmus procera), 2 by hardwood From Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis), 1 Pin Oak Memorial post with Single row Hall Victoria Ave Hall Gladstone St 17 16 (Quercus palustris), 2 Roman Cypress (Cupressus park is attached of trees. to Halls Creek. sempervirens 'Stricta'), 1 English Oak (Quercus signposted. engraved plaque robur), 1 Canary Island Pine (Pinus canariensis) stating the and 1 Lombardy Poplar (Populus nigra ‘Italica’). soldiers name. OP – Original planting, number of trees. AP – At present, number of trees.

FIG 5.2: ACT MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES

Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Associated Status Council Groups References Avenue was proposed by the Circa For former students Canberra WW2 Canberra High School. Unknown if ACT Local 1946 killed in war. avenue was planted. Authority Canberra Times 11/07/1946. Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Early Men from the Hall Hall WW1 Complete. ACT Local Memorials in Australia 2007. 1920's district who served. Authority www.skp.com.au/memorials

3 5.2 New South Wales

67 memorial avenues have been identified in New South Wales. Of these, 36 (54%) were surveyed by council. 3 (4%) were surveyed by the local RSL branch or interested individuals. These results can be found in Chapter 6.

5.2.1. Locations, Tree Details, Signs and Plaques

Location information is available for most avenues. Only 8 (12%) have no other detail than a town or suburb reference. At least 12 (18%) avenues are located in parks or school grounds. One avenue, Murrumbateman, is located within the grounds of a church.

The number of trees in New South Wales avenues varies from as few as 3 (in Eltham) to 2000 at Cowra, although most avenues contain less than 100 trees. It is unclear how many trees were originally planted in 37 (55%) cases and how many remain in 35 (52%) cases. Single rows of trees are quite common although slightly more are reported to be double rows of trees. At Gundagai the trees are arranged to form a cross.

Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) were the most commonly used species and is now causing replacement difficulties as the tree has been declared a noxious weed. Eucalyptus/Corymbia species were also common and at least 47 tree species have been used in NSW memorials. 17 of these species appear to have only been used in this state including Hoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghamia), She-oak (Casuarina spp.), Kaffir Plum (Harpephyllum caffrum), Pistachio (Pistacia spp.) and Elderberry (Sambucus nigra). 16 (24%) avenues used multiple tree species. 24 (56%) avenues still require species identification.

At least 15 avenues have fewer than the original number of trees remaining and several avenues have had replacement trees planted. In one case at Canowindra the replacement trees were grown from cutting taken from the original trees.

Only 11 (16%) avenues are reported as having some form of signage and at least 25 (37%) originally had individual tree plaques. Of these 18 (27%) have had all plaques lost or removed.

4 5.2.2 Commemoration, History and Associations

2 (3%) avenues were planted for the Boer War at Eltham in 1901 and Junee in 1903. The first WW1 avenue was started just after the start of the war in Camden in 1914. 25 (37%) avenues were planted before 1920. Most of the avenues commemorate WW1 (79%) with only 18 (27%) commemorating WW2. Only 5 (7%) new avenues have been planted since 1990.

The avenues were often planted for fallen servicemen but at least 6 avenues commemorated all who served. 2 avenues specifically commemorate prisoners of war, the Japanese memorial at Cowra (2) and memorial for 3 brothers at Eltham, one of whom died in a POW camp.

Many avenues have at least some local recognition and two, Goulburn and O’Connell, are recognised by the national trust.

5 (7%) avenues have been destroyed but at least 15 (22%) are complete or have been expanded from their original plantings. The current status of 39 (58%) avenues is unknown.

Historical details are available for most avenues although further research is needed in at least 21 (31%) cases. At least 11 (16%) avenues are still used during the year for various commemoration services. The orange (Citrus sinensis) avenue at Bingara is unique for the annual festival connected to it for ‘picking day’ where local children collect the ripe fruit from the trees.

In 44 (%) cases RSL clubs associated with the trees have been identified although it cannot be confirmed if these branches are still active. Only one community group has so far been associated with any avenue, the Kentucky memorial tree committee. Further local investigation is needed to identify any other references and to fill the remaining gaps in the following tables.

5 FIG 5.3: NSW MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATIONS, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES

Original Description and Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features Comments Up hill to War Red Flowering gum (Corymbia Albury Main St Albury Memorial. ficifolia) All the Cherry St 37 Camphor Laurel trees have been Crane St and (Cinnamomum camphora), 1 Ballina Ballina 68 38 removed and some Cherry St Kaffir Plum (Harpephyllum of the Crane St caffrum). trees are missing. Berkeley Berkeley Berkeley Vale Pindarri Ave Vale Vale Public School. Bronze plaques with tubular steel frames Brushbox (Lophostemon were originally confertus), Brittle gum Single row mounted in front Berry Alexandra St Berry 36 33 (Eucalyptus mannifera), of trees. of the trees. Lemon Scented gum These have been (Corymbia citriodora). relocated to the adjacent Anzac Park. Double 99 Navel Orange (Citrus Sign marks Bingara Finch St Bingara row of 72 100 sinensis) + 1 Valencia from avenue. trees. original planting. Double Blackheath Common rhododendron No plaques Blackheath Park Ave Blackheath row of 72-77 19 Memorial Park. (Rhododendron ponticum). remain. trees. Double Macarthur Canary Island Date Palm No plaques Camden Camden row of 16 16 Park (Phoenix canariensis). remain. trees.

Most of original Double trees removed. probably Canadian poplar No plaques Canowindra Eugowna Rd Canowindra row of ≈100 ≈100 Replacement trees (Populus x canadensis remain. trees. are cuttings from 'Regenerata'). original trees.

Corner 6 trees along Sandstone Pittwater Rd Single row Pittwater Rd (+ Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria plaque on No plaques Collaroy Collaroy 6+ and Birdwood of trees. others in adjoining heterophylla). Pittwater Rd remain. Ave park) marks avenue.

6 Original Description and Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features Comments

Southern Double Peppercorn tree (Schinus No plaques Condobolin Diggers Ave Condobolin entrance to row of aeria var. molle) remain. town. trees. Plaque on rock marks Peppercorn tree (Schinus Corner of Double rededication of Lachlan Valley aeria var. molle), Silky Oak No plaques Cowra (1) Cowra Boorowa and row of 465 465 avenue in Way (Grevillia robusta), Sugar remain. Grenfell Rd's. trees. 1991. Signs at Gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx) both ends of avenue. Cowra Prisoner Double Japanese Flowering Cherry Cowra (2) Evans St Cowra of War Camp row of 2000 2000 (Prunus serrulata) (former). trees. Tree Engraved tablets Cudgegong Cudgegong 57 guards on tree guards. In the local Cundletown Cundletown park. Original trees removed due to damage caused by It is not clear Double drainage works where the London Planes (Platanus x No plaques Dubbo Darling St Dubbo row of and incompatibility avenue starts acerifolia). remain. trees. with drainage and finishes. improvement works. They have been replaced. Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), In the local gums (Eucalyptus spp.), Never had Dum Dum Dum Dum school Wattle (Acacia spp.). individual playground. Pittosporums (Pittosporum plaques. spp.). Elderberry (Sambucus nigra). Bolara St and Dunedoo Dunedoo 30 Wallaroo St

Double Both east and row of 20- Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria No plaques Eltham (1) Eltham Rd Eltham west entry to trees. 1 50? heterophylla). remain. the town. Tree guards.

7 Original Description and Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features Comments 3 hoop pines in Eltham Public 1901, several School ornamentals in Hoop pine (Araucaria No plaques Eltham (2) McKenzie Rd Eltham (formerly 3+ 1 1919. Single hoop cunninghamia). remain. Cowlang Public pine remains near School). entrance. 3 (2 remaining) Adjacent (west Jacaranda Trees of) to the Single row located between Jacaranda (Jacaranda Eltham (3) Eltham 3 2 Eltham of trees. the pub and the old mimosifolia). pub/Hotel. Butchers College west of the pub. From Fairfield Double Railway gates Fairfield Anzac Ave Fairfield row of to gates of trees. Fairfield Park. Five Dock, Great North Rd Five Dock,

Sydney and Lyons Rd Sydney Forster Forster Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum East camphora), Silky oak Frederickton Tree (Grevilliea robusta), Frederickton Rd, Great Frederickton 58 guards Buttonwoods (Platanus spp.), Northern Rd White cedar (Melia and Edgar St azedarach). Double row of Freshwater Soldiers Ave Both sides of trees. Brushbox (Lophostemen No plaques (formally (formally Freshwater 60 the road. Tree confertus). remain. Harbord) Matheson St) guards - 2 remain. On Rocky hill - Memorial Dr Trees may no Goulburn Goulburn trees may no 0? gums (Eucalyptus spp.). and Park Rd longer exist. longer exist. Trees Kurrajong (Brachychiton Gundagai Landon St Gundagai Anzac Grove. form a 47 ≈47 populous). cross.

8th Div Single row All trees have Gunnedah Gunnedah 16 Memorial Dr of trees. plaques.

Howlong Howlong Memorial Park. 6 0

8 Original Description and Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features Comments South of Township Jerilderie Jerilderie adjacent to Newell Hwy. Double row of Endeavour trees - Peppercorn tree (Schinus No plaques Junee Junee ≈50 10 Park. was 3 aeria var. molle) remain. rows, now 2. Single row Memorial New England Opposite of trees. plaque in the Kentucky Hwy and Kentucky Kentucky 19 19 Pin Oak (Quercus palustris). Tree middle of the Noalimba Ave Public School. guards. avenue. Kelso Kelso West Kempsey No plaques Kempsey Kempsey 180 Park. remain. The Bucketts Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum Krambach Krambach 54 Way camphora). Originally situated in 1 Hoop Pine (Araucaria Bold St from cunninghamia), 1 Bunya Pine Tunis to Single row (Araucaria bidwillii), 8 Norfolk Hanley St’s Laurie St and of trees. Island Pine (Araucaria Sign marks Laurieton Laurieton and Norman 157 38 Bold St Tree heterophylla), 28 Camphor avenue. Lne to the guards. Laurels (Cinnamomum Camden Haven camphora) were planted. River, Lake St Some remain. and the School. Spruce (Picea spp.), palm (Phoenix spp.), Lillypilly Signs at both Off Great (Acmena smithii), Arbutus Trees originally Lawson Broad St Lawson ends of Western Hwy. (Ericaceae spp.), Cypress had plaques. avenue. (Cupressus spp.), palm (Butia spp.).

Bronze tablets naming soldiers 13 or Leura Lone Pine Ave Leura Plane (Platanus spp.). are attached to 14 the memorial gateway.

9 Original Description and Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features Comments Liquidamber (Liquidambar styraciflua), Ash (Fraxinus spp.), Lillypilli (Acmena smithii), Crepe Myrtle Single row (Lagerstroemia spp.), Pistacid, Sign marks No plaques Lindfield Tryon Rd Lindfield 40? of trees. gum (Eucalyptus spp.). avenue. remain. Replacements will be 20 Crepe Myrtles (Lagerstroemia spp.) and 20 Christmas Bush (Ceratopetalum gummiferum).

Manly, North Head Only remnant trees Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria Manly Few Sydney Scenic Dr remain. heterophylla)

Single row Merrylands, of trees. All trees have Memorial Ave Merrylands 12 12 gums (Eucalyptus spp.). Sydney Tree plaques. guards. From the top of Stoney Hill Very few trees to proposed Tree remain. Most were Milton Prince's Hwy Milton 76 Few monument site guards. killed by Bygong at the top of Moths. Thomas St. Original trees Between Sugar gum (Eucalyptus removed in 2004 Burrundulla Single row cladocalyx) originally, Mudgee Horatio St Mudgee 19 19 due to declining Ave and of trees. replaced with Golden Wych health and public Lawson St. elm (Ulmus glabra 'lutesens'). safety. Grounds of All Murrum- Hercules St Murrum- Saints Only 3 metal bateman and Rose St bateman Anglican plaques remain. Church. Murrum- Murrum- 76 burrah burrah Sugar gum (Eucalyptus Narrabri Narrabri cladocalyx). More trees to be Double planted - up to 240 London Plane (Platanus x 208- Sign marks No plaques Narrandera Victoria Ave Narrandera row of ≈140 total. Recent acerifolia) and White Cedar 240? avenue. remain. trees. drought has taken (Melia azedarach). toll on trees.

10 Original Description and Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features Comments North side of Bridge at Silky oak (Grevillea robusta) - Molesworth St, North North Single row Some trees were Winterton Pde, Jacaranda Sign marks No plaques Molesworth St including >20 Lismore Lismore of trees. replaced in 2004. (Jacaranda mimosifolia) - avenue. remain. Winterton Pde Alexander Pde - none left. and Alexander Pde. From Double Beaconsfield row of Desert Ash (Fraxinus No plaques O'Connell O'Connell Rd O'Connell Rd to the trees. 123 oxycarpa). remain. O'Connell Tree Hotel. guards. Trees originally lined both sides of Bathurst Rd. On the north side 9 remain at western Single row Lone Pine end and 7 at the Indian cedar (Cedrus Enamelled of trees. Sign marks Orange (1) Bathurst Rd Orange avenue to 300+ 26 eastern end. On deodora), Lebanese Cedar plaques. None Tree avenue. Memory Park. the south side 5 (Cedrus libani). remain. Guards. remain at western end, 5 at eastern. Most lost to road widening in the 1950s. As these trees are located in a park Newman Park, they are protected Double corner of from the normal Orange (2) March St Orange row of 16 16 Pin Oak (Quercus palustris). March St and road construction trees. Autumn St. /clearance issues of streetscape avenues. Gateway Park, Poplar (Poplar spp.), gum entrance to Some trees have (Eucalyptus spp.), Crepe Double Orange from been replaced due Myrtle (Lagerstroemia spp.), Orange (3) Bathurst Rd Orange row of ≈300 East between to poor species Bald Cypress (Taxodium trees. Dairy Creek choice originally. distichum), She-oak and Bunnings. (Casuarina spp.). In front of Single row Kurrajong (Brachychiton Sign marks No plaques Parkes Albert St Parkes Parkes High 20 ≈20 of trees. populous). avenue. remain. School.

11 Original Description and Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features Comments Trees were all the same size when Corner of planted but, due to Over half the Ramsgate Rd Single row Hills Weeping fig (Ficus Ramsgate Ramsgate Rotary Park. 16 16 inconsistent trees have and Chuter of trees. microcarpa var. hillii). watering, now plaques. Ave range between 2m and 6m in height. Council policy would remove Camphor Laurel Camphor Laurels Enamelled (Cinnamomum camphora) and Rappville Rappville 16 and replace with plaques. None 1 Flame Tree (Brachychiton native trees. remain. acerfolius). Unknown if avenue is under threat. Small gold mining village est. 1895 Single row Peppercorn tree (Schinus Reefton Reefton midway 10+ 0 of trees. aeria var. molle). between Temora and Barmedman. Located on London Plane (Plantanus x Pinnacle Rylstone Rylstone road reserve - 5 acerifolia), Conifer - unknown Swamp Rd in a rural area. species. Schofield St Alban's Ave Schofield 28 Shaw's Shaw's In school 16 Creek Creek grounds. Stroud Road Stroud Road 32 Between Ebsworth St Tamworth Gipps St Tamworth and Belmore St. The Rock Main St The Rock Near Tingha Sports and Tingha Tingha 4 40 Recreation Club. Double Trees line row of Trees in decline, Athol Tree (Tamari aphylla), Most plaques Trundle Forbes St Trundle main street trees. 26 ≈26 heavily lopped Kurrajong (Brachychiton remained (in through town. Tree under powerlines. populous). 1987). guards.

12 Original Description and Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features Comments Road leading Double Tuggerah Tuggerah to the railway row of Native trees. station. trees. Uranquinty Uranquinty Wee Jasper Wee Jasper OP – Original planting, number of trees. AP – At present, number of trees.

Note: Where avenues were reported as destroyed the number of trees remaining was determined to be 0 if no other number was given.

13 FIG 5.4: NSW MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES

Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups 19/05/ Albury City Albury WW1 Courier (Ballarat) 24/05/1928 1928 Council 25/04/ Partly Ballina Shire Australian Forest History Ballina WW1 1926 Damaged. Council Society (2002). WW1 For all fallen and all servicemen Website - Southwell-Keeley, Berkeley 11/11/ Wyong Shire later and women War Memorials in Australia Vale 2000 Council conflicts since 2007. . federation. Local Website - Australian Heritage WW1 recognition - Places Inventory 2009, The avenue is used on Anzac Day and Shoalhaven Berry 1920s and Local Garden Complete Berry RSL www.heritage.gov.au/ahpi/ind Remembrance Day. City Council WW2 group and ex.html. Shoalhaven City Local Council Council - Survey response. The avenue was planted by the local RSL in cooperation with the local Local council. The avenue is used on Anzac Website - Southwell-Keeley, WW1 recognition - Day and Remembrance Day. Since For fallen Gwydir Shire War Memorials in Australia Bingara 1952 and RSL sub Expanded 1988 there has been an annual festival Bingara RSL servicemen. Council 2007. Gwydir Shire Council - WW2 branch, local and a 'picking day' associated with the Survey response. community trees when local school children collect the fruit from the trees. The oranges are then shared by the community. Blue Local Severely The avenue was planted by the Blackheath- Blue Mountains City Council - Blackheath 1920 WW1 Mountains recognition Damaged. community and the local council. Mt Vic RSL Survey response. City Council Local Avenue used to be used for Anzac Day Camden Camden Council - Survey Camden 1914-18 WW1 Complete Camden RSL recognition March. Council response. Early to Cabonne Cabonne Shire Council - Canowindra mid WW1 Complete Shire Survey response. 1930s Council Local For fallen The avenue was planted by the Warringah Warringah Council - Survey Collaroy 1925 WW1 recognition - servicemen. community and the local council. Council response. Local Council

For 66 Lachlan Survey of War Memorials August soldiers and Local Funds for the avenue were raised by Condobolin Condobolin WW1 Shire 1920-21. Lachlan Shire 1920 3 nurses recognition public subscription. RSL Council Council - Survey response. killed.

14 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups The secretary of the Women's club decided to plant a memorial avenue and went to Sydney to acquire the For those Website - Southwell-Keeley, trees. The avenue was planted on from the Local Cowra Shire War Memorials in Australia Cowra (1) 1917 WW1 Complete arbour day 1917 officially opened in Cowra RSL district who recognition Council 2007. Cowra Shire Council - 1918 by the Deputy Premier of NSW served. Survey response. and senior military officials. The avenue was re-dedicated on the 27th of July 1991. The avenue connects the Japanese and Correy 2002, pg 151. Website Japanese Cowra War cemeteries, the camp site - Australian Heritage Places Cowra Shire Cowra (2) 1988 WW2 prisoners of Complete and the Cultural Centre. The avenue Cowra RSL Inventory 2009, Council war. was extended in 1991 to link the war www.heritage.gov.au/ahpi/ind cemetery and the Japanese gardens ex.html. Bathurst Before For fallen Survey of War Memorials Cudgegong WW1 Regional 1921 servicemen. 1920-21. Council For local Greater Before Survey of War Memorials Cundletown WW1 men who Taree City 1921 1920-21. enlisted. Council Local The avenue was established by the Dubbo City Dubbo City Council - Survey Dubbo WW1 recognition - Dubbo RSL local RSL. Council response. RSL Branch Before Signing of Tweed Shire Survey of War Memorials Dum Dum WW1 1921 peace. Council 1920-21. WW1 and all Warrumbun Website - Southwell-Keeley, 15/04/ subsequ For fallen Dunedoo gle Shire War Memorials in Australia 1995 ent servicemen. Council 2007. conflicts .

Local recognition - Circa The avenue was established by the Lismore City Lismore City Council - Survey Eltham (1) WW1 Richmond Destroyed 1920 Eltham Primary Producers Union. Council response. River Historical Society Inc.

Boer War, 1901 + The avenue was planted by the Lismore City Lismore City Council - Survey Eltham (2) WW1 Destroyed 1919 'scholars' of the local school. Council response. and WW2.

15 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups For 3 sons, The avenue was established by the Circa Partly Lismore City The Eltham Lismore City Council - Survey Eltham (3) WW2 one died in local publican, Mrs C. Dickie, to 1945 Damaged. Council Hotel response. POW camp. commemorate her 3 sons. Before The avenue was established by the Fairfield City Survey of War Memorials Fairfield WW1 1921 local community. Council 1920-21. Website - Southwell-Keeley, Five Dock, City of WW2 War Memorials in Australia Sydney Canada Bay 2007. July Great Lakes Survey of War Memorials Forster 1918 Council 1920-21. Kempsey Before For fallen Funds for the avenue raised by local Survey of War Memorials Frederickton WW1 Shire 1921 soldiers. residents. 1920-21. Council The avenue was established by the Freshwater WW1 Local For fallen local Progress Association. Avenue was Warringah Warringah Council - Survey (formally 1922 and recognition - Harbord RSL soldiers. originally used in Anzac day Council response. Harbord) WW2 Local Council ceremonies. National Trust The avenue was probably established Goulburn - As part of Goulburn Mulwaree Council - Goulburn WW1 by the school or the local Progress Mulwaree War Memorial Survey response. Association. Council Precinct The avenue was planted by the local Gundagai Gundagai Shire Council - Gundagai 1930s WW1 Complete RSL. Avenue is used for the Anzac Day Shire Survey response. dawn service. Council The avenue was established by the RSL For fallen Local and the 8th Division Committee. The Website - Southwell-Keeley, Gunnedah 8/12/ and recognition - avenue was restored in 1988. The Gunnedah War Memorials in Australia Gunnedah WW2 Shire 1957 returned RSL sub avenue is used for the Anzac Day RSL 2007. Gunnedah Shire Council Council servicemen. branch march and for Remembrance Day - Survey response. ceremonies. Corowa Trees were planted by the families or Howlong Howlong RSL - Survey Howlong 1945 WW2 Destroyed Shire soldiers killed in WW2. RSL response Council

The second section of the avenue was Jerilderie Local Jerilderie Shire Council - Jerilderie planted by the Jerilderie Shire council Shire recognition Survey response. in the mid to late 80s. Council

Local Boer Severely The avenue was established by the Junee Shire Junee Shire Council - Survey Junee 1903 recognition - War Damaged. local council. Council response. Local Historian

16 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups WW1, The avenue was established by the Kentucky WW2, 13/05/ Kentucky Memorial Tree Committee. Uralla Shire Memorial Uralla Shire Council - Survey Kentucky Korea Complete 2006 Avenue is used in Anzac Day Council Tree response. and ceremonies. Committee Vietnam Bathurst Before Survey of War Memorials Kelso WW1 Regional 1921 1920-21. Council Kempsey 9/06/ Survey of War Memorials Kempsey WW1 Shire 1920 1920-21. Council Tree planted for each Greater Wingham RSL - Survey Trees were planted by the local council Wingham Krambach 1919 WW1 soldier of Taree City response, Survey of War and the community. RSL Krambach Council Memorials 1920-21. Killed. For enlisted men of the Port The avenue was established by the Dargavel (1999). Port August district, and Local Severely Macquarie- Laurieton Laurieton WW1 local community headed by Robert Macquarie-Hastings Council - 1916 others recognition Damaged. Hastings RSL Longworth. Survey response. related to Council residents. WW1. The planting of the avenue was Later suggested by the local council and a Blue Survey of War Memorials Before For fallen Local Lawson Korea committed to organise the work was Mountains Lawson RSL 1920-21. Blue Mountains City 1921 soldiers. recognition and quickly formed. Avenue is used in City Council Council - Survey response. Vietnam Anzac Day March. Blue Survey of War Memorials Local Leura 1922 WW1 Mountains 1920-21. Blue Mountains City recognition City Council Council - Survey response. The avenue was established by the Ku-ring-gai Roseville Ku-ring-gai Council - Survey Lindfield 1956 WW2 local council and the Lindfield sub- Council RSL response. branch of RSS and A.I.L.A. Website - Australian Heritage Manly, For fallen Severely Manly City Places Inventory 2009, WW1 Sydney soldiers. Damaged. Council www.heritage.gov.au/ahpi/ind ex.html.

The avenue was established by the Merrylands, local council and the local RSL. The Holroyd City Merrylands Holroyd City Council - Survey 1960s WW2 Complete Sydney avenue is used on Anzac Day and Council RSL response. Remembrance Day.

17 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Website - Milton Memorial The Lady Mayoress Mrs Adam Warden Avenue of Trees, Severely organised a working bee to dig holes, Shoalhaven Milton 1922 WW1 www.ulladulla.info/history/war Damaged. plant the trees and erect tree guards. City Council /trees.html. Personal Email - Most of the town assisted. Cathy Dunn, 27/12/2003. Mid-Western Mudgee sub- Mid-Western Regional Council Mudgee 1920's WW1 Complete Regional branch RSL - Survey response. Council For locals The avenue was planted by church Website - Southwell-Keeley, Murrum- August Yass Valley WW1 who parishioners and each tree was blessed War Memorials in Australia bateman 1919 Council enlisted. and dedicated by the Rector. 2007. Harden Murrum- Before For fallen Survey of War Memorials WW1 Shire burrah 1921 soldiers. 1920-21. Council Narrabri Before Survey of War Memorials Narrabri WW1 Shire 1921 1920-21. Council Narrandera Local Partly The avenue was established by the Narrandera Narrandera Shire Council - Narrandera 1928-29 WW1 Shire recognition Damaged. local council and the local RSL. RSL Survey response. Council The community planted the avenue North Lismore City Lismore Lismore City Council - Survey 1925 WW1 and contributed to the cost. The local Lismore Council RSL? response. council supplied the first 25 trees. The avenue was established by the Website - Southwell-Keeley, O'Connell Progress Association. The Oberon War Memorials in Australia O'Connell 1926-27 WW1 National Trust Oberon RSL avenue is used in Anzac day Council 2007. Oberon Council - ceremonies. Survey response. Local 25/04/ For fallen Orange City Orange City Council - Survey Orange (1) WW1 recognition - Destroyed 1923 soldiers. Council response. Local Council State recognition - The avenue was planted by returned August Park is soldiers and pupils of the East Orange Orange City Orange City Council - Survey Orange (2) WW1 Complete 1919 Heritage Item Public School. Avenue is used in Anzac Council response. of State Day March. Significance Circa The avenue was planted by the local Orange City Orange City Council - Survey Orange (3) 1995 council. Council response.

Local The avenue was planted by the local Parkes Shire Parkes Shire Council - Survey Parkes 1950s WW2 recognition - Complete RSL. Council response. RSL Branch

18 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups The avenue was planted by the local Rockdale Rockdale City Council - Survey Ramsgate 1977 WW2 Complete RSL and the Australia Remembers City Council response. program. Richmond Rappville WW1 Valley Dargavel (1999). Council The permission to plant the avenue was given on September 7th 1918 (minutes of Narraburra Shire Council meeting). The avenue was planted by the Red Cross Society of Reefton. The avenue originally extended north along the eastern verge of the main road in For front of the houses, from the village Temora servicemen store to a point opposite the grain silo. Temora Shire Council - Survey Reefton 1918 WW1 Destroyed Shire from the In 1951 approx 9 trees remained, 5 in response. Council area. front of the store, then a gap, 2 more trees, another larger gap and then 2 in front of the silos. Through the 20th Century the community of Reefton contracted and avenue was left to fend for itself, gradually succumbing to natural attrition. It is not known when the last tree died. Mid-Western The avenue was planted by the local Mid-Western Regional Council Rylstone WW1 Regional community. - Survey response. Council The avenue was instigated by the Schofield Progress Association and the Hornsby 27/11/ Survey of War Memorials Schofield WW1 funds raised by local entertainments. 8 Shire 1920 1920-21. of the trees were planted by relatives Council of dead soldiers. Shaw's 19/07/ For ex Shoalhaven Survey of War Memorials WW1 Creek 1919 pupils. City Council 1920-21. The avenue was instigated by the 18/08/ For ex pupils Parents and Citizens Association and Great Lakes Survey of War Memorials Stroud Road WW1 1920 who served. the trees purchased through the State Council 1920-21. Education Department.

Tamworth Website - Southwell-Keeley, 15/09/ Associated memorial dedicated on the Tamworth WW1 Regional War Memorials in Australia 1918 11th of November 1967. Council 2007.

19 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Funds for the avenue raised by local Lockhart Survey of War Memorials The Rock 1918 WW1 residents and the avenue was planted Shire 1920-21. by the local community. Council WW1 Trees were planted by the late Selby Guyra Shire Tingha 1995 and Expanded Tingha RSL Tingha RSL - Survey response Dean OAM DCM. Council WW2 Trees planted in memory of 'the town’s On 9/03/1917 a town meeting chaired gallant by L Jones (H Cameroon as secretary) WW1 soldiers’. Local decided to plant a memorial avenue for Trundle RSL - Survey 1/07/ Parkes Shire Trundle and More names recognition - Complete the town’s soldiers. These trees were Trundle RSL Response. Parkes Shire 1917 Council WW2 for later RSL Branch to be planted by 1/07/1917. G Little Council - Survey response. conflicts are was elected as the president in charge added by of the program. the RSL each ANZAC day. Each tree was planted by a soldier, the August Wyong Shire Survey of War Memorials Tuggerah WW1 next of kin of those commemorated or 1916 Council 1920-21. a prominent local resident. Wagga For fallen Survey of War Memorials Uranquinty 1919 WW1 Wagga City soldiers. 1920-21. Council 12/11/ Funds for the avenue raised by public Yass Valley Survey of War Memorials Wee Jasper WW1 1921 subscription. Council 1920-21.

20 TABLE 5.5: NSW MEMORIAL AVENUES – TREE SPECIES USED

Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations Acacia spp. Wattle 1 Dum Dum. Acmena smithii Lillypilli 2 Lawson, Lindfield. Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Pine 1 Laurieton. Araucaria cunninghamia Hoop Pine 2 Eltham (2), Laurieton. Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine 4 Collaroy, Eltham 1, Laurieton, Manly. Brachychiton acerfolius Flame tree 1 Rappville. Brachychiton populous Kurrajong 3 Gundagai, Parkes, Trundle. Butia spp. Butia palm 1 Lawson. Casuarina spp. She-oak 1 Orange (3). Cedrus deodora Indian cedar 1 Orange (1). Cedrus libani Lebanon cedar 1 Orange (1). Ballina, Dum Dum, Frederickton, Krambach, Laurieton, Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel 6 Rappville. Citrus sinensis Orange 1 Bingara. Lemon Scented Corymbia citriodora gum 1 Berry. Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering gum 1 Albury. Cupressus spp. Cypress 1 Lawson. Ericaceae spp. Arbutus 1 Lawson. Dum Dum, Goulburn, Lindfield, Merrylands, Orange Eucalyptus spp. gum 5 (3). Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar gum 3 Cowra (1), Mudgee, Narrabri. Eucalyptus mannifera Brittle gum 1 Berry. Ficus microcarpa var. hillii Hills Weeping fig 1 Ramsgate. Fraxinus spp. Ash 1 Lindfield. Fraxinus oxycarpa Desert Ash 1 O'Connell. Grevillea robusta Silky oak 3 Cowra (1), Frederickton, North Lismore. Harpephyllum caffrum Kaffir Plum 1 Ballina. Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda 2 Eltham (3), North Lismore. Lagerstroemia spp. Crepe Myrtle 2 Lindfield, Orange (3). Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidamber 1 Lindfield. Lophostemen confertus Brushbox 2 Berry, Freshwater. Melia azedarach White cedar 2 Frederickton, Narrandera. Phoenix spp. palm 1 Lawson. Canary Island Date Phoenix canariensis Palm 1 Camden. Picea spp. Spruce 1 Lawson. Pistacia spp. Pistachio 1 Lindfield. Pittosporum spp. Pittosporum 1 Dum Dum. Platanus spp plane 2 Frederickton, Leura. Platanus x acerifolia London plane 3 Dubbo, Narrandera, Rylstone. Populus spp. Poplar 1 Orange (3). Populus x canadensis 'Regenerata' Canadian poplar 1 Canowindra. Japanese Flowering Prunus serrulata Cherry 1 Cowra (2). Quercus palustris Pin oak 2 Kentucky, Orange (2). Common Rhododendron ponticum rhododendron 1 Blackheath. Sambucus nigra Elderberry 1 Dum Dum. Schinus aeria var. molle Peppercorn 4 Condobolin, Cowra (1), Junee, Reefton. Tamariy aphylla Athol tree 1 Trundle. Taxoddium distichum Bald Cypress 1 Orange (3). Ulmus glabra 'Lutescens' Golden Wych elm 1 Mudgee. Unknown Unknown 24 See Table 5.26

21 5.3 Queensland

52 memorial avenues have been identified in Queensland. Of these, 16 (31%) were surveyed by council. These results can be found in Chapter 6.

5.3.1. Locations, Tree Details, Signs and Plaques

Detailed location information is available for most avenues. 14 (27%) avenues are located in parks, reserves or in school grounds. Only 5 (10%) avenues have no location data available other than the town or suburb name. Further investigation is required in these cases.

A double row of trees was the most common avenue form; only 6 (11%) avenues are known to be single rows. The exact form of 34 (65%) avenues is unknown.

Avenues range in size from less than 10 trees to over 100 trees. The largest avenue is at Rockhampton with 143 trees. Discounting the ACT, Queensland has on average the smallest avenues in Australia. Every other state contains an avenue that contained least 200 trees. This may be a reflection of gaps in the data or a genuine size difference. It is unclear how many trees were initially planted for 15 (29%) avenues and how many trees remain at 18 (35%) avenues.

The most commonly used species were Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) and Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina). At least 46 tree species have been used in Queensland avenues with 10 of those used only in Queensland according to the current data. These species include Bottle tree (Brachychiton rupestris), Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia), Mango (Mangifera spp.) and Cocos palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana). Compared with other states Eucayptus and Corymbia species were rarely used and no oak (Quercus spp.) or elm (Ulmus spp.) avenues have been identified. Several avenues have had some trees replaced over time.

8 (15%) avenues have some form of signage to mark them and at least 24 (46%) originally had individual plaques. Of these at least 13 (25%) have had all plaques lost or removed over time.

22 5.3.2 Commemoration, History and Associations

The first avenue planted in Queensland was at Eumundi where planting started almost as soon as casualties from WW1 began. 15 (28%) avenues had been planted by 1930. 8 (15%) new avenues have been planted since 1990.

One avenue for the Boer War exists but it was planted in the 1930s. 30 (58%) avenues were planted to commemorate WW1 and 17 (33%) avenues commemorate WW2.

The avenues at Pleystowe and Roma are both recognised by the National Trust and 3 others are on the state heritage register. Several others have some local recognition.

6 (12%) avenues are reported as complete and none have been completely destroyed as far as is known, although the exact status of 40 (77%) avenues is unknown.

Several avenues are well researched with many historical details available, such as Hampden and Roma. Further investigation is needed into at least 31 (60%) avenues. At least 7 (13%) avenues are used for various commemoration services during the year.

In 9 (17%) cases RSL clubs associated with the trees have been identified although it cannot be confirmed if these branches are still active. The Mackay Historical Society and Museum Inc. has a connection with two avenues, Hampden and Pleystowe, but no other community groups associated with avenues have been identified. Further local investigation is needed to identify any other references and to fill the remaining gaps in the following tables.

23 FIG 5.6: QLD MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATIONS, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES

Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments 64 km north of Beerburrum Anzac Ave Beerburrum Brisbane. Bowen Hay Street Bowen near William St 3 trees replaced. One in Brisbane the 1970's, one in the Adelaide St Bottle trees (Brachychiton CBD (Anzac Brisbane Anzac Square 6 6 1980's and one recently and Ann St rupestris) Square) (mature tree sourced from Roma). Goodwin St, Hills Weeping fig (Ficus Cairn with No plaques remain Oxford St, Bulimba Memorial microcarpa var. hillii), metal Bulimba, Bulimba, Trees planted around onsite. Some of the Stuart St Park, trees planted Weeping fig (Ficus plaque by Brisbane Brisbane 4.6 hectares of park. plaques are kept at and around perimeter. benjamina), Cocos Palm the entrance Colmslie RSL. Barramul St (Syagrus romanzoffiana). gates. Caloundra Caloundra Canungra Canungra outside Number of trees Cast iron plaques Carmila Music St Carmila Broadsound unknown, 5 plaques supported by two Memorial Hall. remain. metal stakes. Number of trees Cecil Plains Taylor St Cecil Plains near Russell Ave unknown, 10 names. Coolangatta Coolangatta Outside 'Bulldog Chinchilla Single row Jacaranda (Jacaranda Slessar St Chinchilla Park' Football field, 8 No plaques remain (1) of trees. mimosifolia) 103 Slessar St. Between Middle St Chinchilla and Villiers St Single row Camphor Laurel Colamba St Chinchilla 8 No plaques remain (2) outside Catholic of trees. (Cinnamomum camphora) Church. From RSL (57 Heeney St) to corner of Heeney Heeney St Double Chinchilla St and Bell St. Camphor Laurel and Middle Chinchilla row of 52 No plaques remain (3) Approx 370m from (Cinnamomum camphora) St trees. Heeney and Middle St intersection to 30 Middle St.

From 86 Middle St Chinchilla Single row Camphor Laurel Middle St Chinchilla to approx 64 21 No plaques remain (4) of trees. (Cinnamomum camphora) Middle St.

24 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Galipoli Barracks, Enoggera Lloyd St Enoggera off Wardell St Eumundi (1) Bruce Hwy Eumundi Each tree originally 5 Small-leaved fig (Ficus protected by a 1.8m Council policy obliqua), 8 Camphor x 1.8m white pailing specifically mentions Double Laurel (Cinnamomum fence bearing a the maintenance of the Memorial Dr row of camphora), 1 Jacaranda bronze tablet memorial avenue trees Eumundi (2) and Gridley Eumundi trees. 20 17 (Jacaranda mimosifolia), inscribed with the particularly the St. Tree 2 Flame tree name, unit place and camphor laurels. The guards. (Brachychiton acerfolius), date of death for original planting was fig 4 Magenta Lilly pilli each soldier. All trees. (Syzygium paniculatum). current plaques are replacements. Gin Gin May St Gin Gin Black metal plaque in grounds of RSL, Number of trees with white text Gracemere James St Gracemere near John St. unknown, 4 plaques. mounted on wooden post at base of tree. Gympie Gympie 154 Council gardener 7 Timber posts with pruned trees in 1946. Soldiers are 11 brass plaques. Hampden State Trees have been Weeping fig (Ficus named on The plaques were Hampden Bruce Hwy Hampden Primary School 11 maintained by the benjamina) an honour polished and grounds. school through working board. relocated on new bees in later years. posts in the late 70's Leading to historic Jondaryan Evanslea Rd Jondaryan Jondaryan Woolshed. Suburb of Sign marks Kallangur Kallangur Brisbane. avenue. Kawana Kawana Coopers Lookout. Double Mango Hill Anzac Ave Mango Hill row of Mango (Mangifera indica) No plaques remain. trees.

Mapleton Mapleton Obi Obi Rd Mapleton Community Hall

Eastern entry of Single row 20- Mareeba Anzac Dr Mareeba fig (Ficus spp.) No plaques remain. Savanna Way. of trees. 30

25 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Trees mostly destroyed No plaques remain by cyclone in 1955. onsite. Remaining Marian Main St Marian 0 Remaining trees plaques kept in the removed. Mirani Museum. Mirani Main St Mirani Memorial Monto Monto Ave The original plaques were stolen just before Anzac Day Balmoral Park, Double 1935. Replacements Morningside Morningside, along internal park Weeping fig (Ficus row of 76? 19 76 original plaques. were made but these , Brisbane Brisbane road Jean Howie benjamina) trees. plaques are no longer Dr. in place. Some may be located at the Colmslie RSL. Mount Mount Morgan St ANZAC Park Morgan Morgan State School Trees originally had Pechey Pechey grounds. plaques. Double Pittsworth Queensland White gum Signs mark Short St Pittsworth entrance to town row of 102 102 Most in good health. No plaques remain. (1) (Eucalyptus argophloia) avenue. trees. Most in good health. Four trees removed for roads in and out of Assorted gums industrial area 1982. (Eucalyptus spp) Double Pittsworth Six trees removed for originally. Replacements Signs mark Yandilla St Pittsworth leaving town row of 86 76 No plaques remain. (2) road widening in 2002. Lemon Scented Gums avenue. trees. 43 of the original trees (Corymbia citriodora). have been replaced Better suited to location. with Lemon scented gums since 1968.

Double 11 trees removed over Pittsworth Lions Park and Peppercorn (Schinus aeria Briggs St Pittsworth row of 95 84 years from original (3) Bridgeman Oval. var. molle) trees. planting.

In front of the Pittsworth Soldiers Memorial pine (Pinus spp. or Pittsworth 2 2 (4) Building (Council's Araucaria spp.) Library)

26 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Original timber plaques were replaced by white approx 17 km west metal boards with of Mackay. 5 trees Trees healthy in 1996. black lettering on planted on the Double Northern trees suffer star pickets at an north side of the Weeping fig (Ficus Pleystowe Eungella Rd Pleystowe row of 9 9 pruning under unknown date. In road and 4 on the benjamina) trees. powerlines. 1 tree was 1996 these labels south side in an replaced in 2000. were replaced by alternating black wooden framed arrangement. plaques with white lettering attached to the trees. 18 trees and obelisk Yellow Flame tree Rock- Lakes Creek Rock- Musgrove St to Dec Single row moved to Stanhouse 40 143 (Peltophorum hampton (1) Rd hampton St of trees. Park on Lakes Creek Rd pterocarpum) for road widening. Plaque in A circle of 12 palms Botanic with 4 conifers at 12 Date Palm (Phoenix gardens. Rock- Rock- Diggers Park, Single row Gillender St 16 indeterminate spacing. spp.), 4 Gallipoli pine May refer to No plaques remain. hampton (2) hampton Botanic Gardens of trees. Palms are not in good (Pinus halepensis). single or condition due to borers. grove plantings. From Station St, down Wyndham St, Station, Double All trees are up Bungil St past Wyndham, row of Trees are protected Avenue is individually the Cenotaph to Bottle trees (Brachychiton Roma Hawthorne Roma trees. 93 138 from removal and well dedicated. Plaques RSL Hall and down rupestris) and Bungil Tree replaced if required. signposted are replaced when Arthur St and St guards. needed. Hawthorn St to McDowall St. Southport Southport ANZAC Park Springsure Wooden post at base Springsure William St Springsure 13 soldiers are named. Botanical Gardens of each tree. Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii Stanthorpe Lock St Stanthorpe var. elliottii)

Double Tannymorel East of Warwick, London Plane (Platanus x Tannymorel Tannymorel row of 51 51 Rd Qld acerifolia) trees.

27 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Walk of Double Remembrance' Some replanting has Spotted gum (Corymbia All trees have Tara off Sara St Tara row of 49 49 Garden, Tara occurred. maculata) plaques. trees. Lagoon. Outside Golf Sign marks Tennyson Anzac Ave Tennyson Course avenue. Double By WW2 the park was row neglected and trees in Original markers clearly poor condition. gave soldiers name, Toowong, Toowong, Macadamia Nut trees Wool St ANZAC Park visible. Reconstruction and rank, unit colours Brisbane Brisbane (Macadamia integrifolia) Unconfirm replanting was started and service number. ed as in 1947 and upgrading None remain. avenue. has continued. Margaret St Toowoomba Gallipoli pine (Pinus and Burstow Toowoomba East Creek Park (1) halepensis) St Margaret St Toowoomba and Burstow Toowoomba East Creek Park (2) St Tree Watsonville Watsonville Mango (Mangifera indica) guards. All trees individually dedicated and Wynnum Wynnum Russell Park marked with metal plaques. Trees individually Yarranlea Yarranlea dedicated with brass name plates. OP – Original planting, number of trees. AP – At present, number of trees.

Note: Where avenues were reported as destroyed the number of trees remaining was determined to be 0 if no other number was given.

28 FIG 5.7: QLD MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES

Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Survey of War Memorials Sunshine 1920-21. Website - Funds for the avenue were raised by Coast Southwell-Keeley, War Beerburrum WW1 voluntary contributions from the Regional Memorials in Australia local community. Council 2007. McIvor & McIvor (1994). Commemorates Whitsunday Website - Southwell- 13/08/ Bowen WW2 50th anniversary Regional Keeley, War Memorials in 1995 of WW2 Council Australia 2007.

State The Bottle trees were planted Trees symbolise recognition - sometime after the opening of Anzac the 6 Queensland Park on 11th Nov 1930. The trees contingents of Brisbane 1930's Heritage are believed to have been donated Boer the Queensland Brisbane Brisbane City Council CBD (Anzac (before Register. Local Complete and dedicated by Sir Donald Charles War Light Horse City Council (2007). Square) 1934) recognition - Cameron (KCMG, DSO, VD, Order of Regiments who Brisbane City the Nile). Photographic evidence went to the Boer Plan Heritage indicated the trees were in place by War. Register. 1934.

State recognition - Queensland The avenue was planted by the local Men and Women Heritage community with the assistance of the Bulimba, 1919- from the district Brisbane Brisbane City Council WW1 Register. Local local council. The avenue was Brisbane 1923 who enlisted and City Council (2007). recognition - officially dedicated 1st November went overseas. Brisbane City 1919. Plan Heritage Register.

Sunshine Website - Southwell- Gallipoli Coast Caloundra WW1 Keeley, War Memorials in memorial Regional Australia 2007. Council

Scenic Rim Website - Southwell- Canungra WW2 Regional Keeley, War Memorials in Council Australia 2007.

29 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Mackay Historical Society and Museum Inc, Isaac www.mackayhistory.org/ for servicemen Carmila WW2 Regional research/research.html. killed. Council Website - Southwell- Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Toowoomba Website - Southwell- 15/08/ Cecil Plains WW2 Regional Keeley, War Memorials in 1995 Council Australia 2007. Commemorates Website - Southwell- the Powell Gold Coast Coolangatta WW2 Keeley, War Memorials in brothers who City Council Australia 2007. served. The trees were dedicated to the Glory of God and the Spirit of Anzac by the Established by the community of Dalby McIvor & McIvor (1994). Chinchilla community of 1991 WW1 Chinchilla for the 75th anniversary of Regional Dalby Regional Council - (1) Chinchilla in the Gallipoli landing. Council Survey response. honour of the 75th anniversary of the landing at Gallipoli 25th April 1991.

between Dalby Chinchilla 1920 Dalby Regional Council - WW1 Regional (2) and Survey response. Council 1925

between The trees are used for ANZAC Day, Dalby Chinchilla 1920 Dalby Regional Council - WW1 Remembrance Day and other Regional (3) and Survey response. memorial ceremonies. Council 1925

between Dalby Chinchilla 1920 Dalby Regional Council - WW1 Regional (4) and Survey response. Council 1925

30 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups

Korea, For members of Website - Southwell- Vietnam the Royal Brisbane Keeley, War Memorials in Enoggera and Australian City Council Australia 2007. Brisbane later Regiment killed City Council (2007). conflicts since 1945.

Sunshine Website - Southwell- Coast Eumundi (1) Keeley, War Memorials in Regional Australia 2007. Council

The trees were planted at the instigation of the Eumundi Women's State Patriotic Committee and funded by Sunshine Survey of War Memorials For local men recognition - 1914- Partly public subscription. The total cost Coast 1920-21. Queensland Eumundi (2) WW1 killed during Queensland 19+ damaged. was around £100. The trees are still Regional Heritage Register Entry WW1. Heritage used in remembrance ceremonies Council File No. 601122. Register. and floral tributes are placed at each tree every ANZAC Day.

Bundaburg Website - Southwell- Gin Gin WW2 Regional Keeley, War Memorials in Council Australia 2007.

Rockhampto Website - Southwell- 25/08/ Names 4 who Gracemere n City Keeley, War Memorials in 1984 served. Council Australia 2007.

WW1, ANZAC Day WW2, Commemoration Korea, Gympie Committee of For former Gympie 1995 Vietnam Regional Queensland, residents. and Council www.anzacday.org.au/ed other ucation/tff/memorials.ht conflicts ml.

31 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups The avenue was established by the patriotic committee to commemorate its WW1 heroes. All labour was voluntary. The avenue cost £2-15-9 for the purchase of the trees. On the Survey of War Memorials 14th of August 1929 the patriotic 1920-21. Mackay committee handed over care of the Historical Society and memorial and the honour board to Mackay Museum Inc, circa For soldiers the Hampden School committee Mackay City Historical Hampden WW1 www.mackayhistory.org/ 1919 killed in WW1. along with the funds it still had in Council Society and research/research.html. hand. The Mackay City Council Museum Inc. Website - Southwell- gardener Mr Hicks trimmed the trees Keeley, War Memorials in in 1946 and since then working bees Australia 2007. have regularly maintained the trees. The tarnished plaques were polished and relocated on new posts in the late 1970's at the instigation of the then Head Teacher Neville Thwaite. Toowoomba ABC Online (2002), Jondaryan Regional www.abc.net.au/southqld Council /stories/s670073.htm. McIvor & McIvor (1994). Anzac memorial. Moreton Bay Website - Southwell- Kallangur Gate mentions Regional Keeley, War Memorials in avenue. Council Australia 2007. Sunshine McIvor & McIvor (1994). Coast Website - Southwell- Kawana Regional Keeley, War Memorials in Council Australia 2007. Moreton Bay Moreton Bay Regional Redcliffe Mango Hill WW1 Regional Council - Survey RSL Council response.

WW1, WW2, Dedicated to Sunshine Website - Southwell- Korea, those from Coast Mapleton Keeley, War Memorials in Vietnam district who Regional Australia 2007. and served. Council others.

Tablelands Tablelands Regional The avenue was planted by the local Mareeba 2000 WW1 Regional Council - Survey council. Council response.

32 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Dedicated to Survey of War Memorials Mackay City Marian WW1 servicemen 1920-21. Personal Email Council killed. - Glen Hall, 21/11/2003. For local men circa Mackay City Survey of War Memorials Mirani WW1 killed during 1920 Council 1920-21. WW1. North WW2 Website - Southwell- Burnett Monto and Keeley, War Memorials in Regional Vietnam Australia 2007. Council Local recognition - Morningside Severely Brisbane Brisbane City Council WW1 Fallen of WW1. Brisbane City , Brisbane damaged. City Council (2007). Plan Heritage Register. 42 AI Btn Rockhampto Website - Southwell- Mount WW1 Memorial Tree n City Keeley, War Memorials in Morgan Marker. Council Australia 2007. Toowoomba circa For those who Survey of War Memorials Pechey WW1 Regional 1920 served. 1920-21. Council Avenue established in 2000 by the Dedicated to local RSL with a grant from the Personal Email - Leanne WW2, Toowoomba Pittsworth Sept WW2, Korea, Gaming Machine Benefit Fund. It was Pittsworth Murden, 23/02/2004. Korea, Complete Regional (1) 1996 Vietnam and all planted in memory of 'World War 2, RSL Toowoomba City Council Vietnam Council future conflicts. Korean and Vietnam and all - Survey response. subsequent hostilities'. Personal Email - Leanne Avenue planted by the local Lions Toowoomba Murden, 23/02/2004. Pittsworth June Partly Club 'in honour of our fallen Pittsworth WW1 Regional McIvor & McIvor (1994). (2) 1968 damaged. servicemen' commemorating World RSL Council Toowoomba City Council War 1. - Survey response. Personal Email - Leanne Toowoomba Pittsworth Oct Partly The avenue was established by a Pittsworth Murden, 23/02/2004. WW1 Regional (3) 1924 damaged. local man, Billy Carter. RSL Toowoomba City Council Council - Survey response. Toowoomba Pittsworth Pittsworth Personal Email - Leanne Complete Regional (4) RSL Murden, 23/02/2004. Council

33 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups

The Pleystowe and District Patriotic and Welfare committee was established in 1943 to raise funds and help support servicemen from the district. The committee provided food parcels for servicemen during the war and a small amount of Personal Email - Glen money on their return home to assist Hall, 21/11/2003. McIvor Dedicated on them in re-entering civilian life. At Mackay & McIvor (1994). 25th April 1948 the end of the war the committee National Trust Mackay City Historical Website - Southwell- Pleystowe 1948 WW2 for 9 soldiers of Complete elected to build a memorial for of Queensland Council Society and Keeley, War Memorials in the district killed soldiers from the district. 9 trees Museum Inc. Australia 2007. Mackay in WW2. were purchased in January 1948 and City Council - Survey the avenue was dedicated on Anzac response. Day. Each tree had a timber nameplate for a fallen soldier. The remaining funds were distributed amongst the returned servicemen. Wreaths have been placed at each tree by local families and the RSL each Anzac day since 1948.

Rock- Rockhampton City Rock- WW2 Expanded. hampton Council - Survey hampton (1) City Council response.

McIvor & McIvor (1994). Website - Southwell- Rock- Keeley, War Memorials in Rock- WW1 hampton Australia 2007. hampton (2) City Council Rockhampton City Council - Survey response.

34 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups On the 20th of September 1918 a ceremony was held for the opening of Roma's Heroes Avenue. Initiated Survey of War Memorials by the local repatriation committee 1920-21. Website - the idea was well supported by the Southwell-Keeley, War from For locals killed National Trust local townsfolk. The avenue was Roma Town Memorials in Australia Roma WW1 Expanded. Roma RSL 1918 in WW1. of Queensland extended as more deaths occurred Council 2007. Roma City Council during the war. The trees are used - Survey response. for the ANZAC Day March, Personal Email - Mark Remembrance Day ceremonies and McManus 15/01/2004. other special events. See case study in Chapter 2 for more details. WW1 Gold Coast Southport and McIvor & McIvor (1994). City Council WW2 Bauhinia Website - Southwell- Springsure WW2 Shire Keeley, War Memorials in Council Australia 2007. Southern WW1 The avenue was planted by the local Southern Downs Downs Stanthorpe Stanthorpe and community. The trees are used as Regional Council - Regional RSL WW2 part of ANZAC Day ceremonies. Survey response Council

Southern WW1 The avenue was planted by the local Southern Downs Downs Tannymorel and Complete community. The trees are used for Warwick RSL Regional Council - Regional WW2 the ANZAC Day March. Survey response Council

Any past or current The avenue was established by the Dalby 11/11/ several community Tara Shire Council and the Tara RSL. Dalby Regional Council - Tara Complete Regional Tara RSL 2007 conflicts member who The trees are used for Remembrance Survey response. Council served in the Day ceremonies ADF.

McIvor & McIvor (1994). WW1 Dedicated to Website - Southwell- 11/09/ Established by the Tennyson sub- Brisbane Tennyson and those who fell in Keeley, War Memorials in 1949 branch of the RSSAILA. City Council WW2 war. Australia 2007. Brisbane City Council (2007).

35 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups By 1918 the land had been Local Dedicated to designated as a memorial park. Two recognition - Toowong, Sept men from the local residents, Walter Harding and J Brisbane Brisbane City Council WW1 Brisbane City Brisbane 1918 district killed in Hiron instigated the beautification of City Council (2007). Plan Heritage WW1. Anzac park in cooperation with Register. council. Dedicated to Toowoomba Website - Southwell- Toowoomba 25/04/ several members of 25 Regional Keeley, War Memorials in (1) 1987 conflicts RQR who fell. Council Australia 2007. Members of Women’s Royal Toowoomba Website - Southwell- Toowoomba 17/10/ several Australian Regional Keeley, War Memorials in (2) 1993 conflicts Airforce 1951- Council Australia 2007. 1977. Mareeba Avenue established by the Survey of War Memorials Watsonville 1916 WW1 For ANZACS. Shire Watsonville Patriotic Society. 1920-21. Council The avenue was planted by the Soldiers Welcome Home Committee Survey of War Memorials 18/10/ For fallen and funds raised by public Brisbane Wynnum WW1 1920-21. Brisbane City 1919 soldiers. subscription. The trees were City Council Council (2007). dedicated at the opening of the first town Show. The avenue was proposed by the Toowoomba 20/10/ For fallen Yarranlea Memorial Committee and Survey of War Memorials Yarranlea WW1 Regional 1917 soldiers. funds raised by voluntary 1920-21. Council subscription.

36 TABLE 5.8: QLD MEMORIAL AVENUES – TREE SPECIES USED

Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations Brachychiton acerfolius Flame tree 1 Eumundi 2 (Qld) Brachychiton rupestris Bottle tree 2 Brisbane CBD (Qld), Roma (Qld) Chinchilla 2 (Qld), Chinchilla 3 (Qld), Chinchilla 4 Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel 4 (Qld), Eumundi 2 (Qld) Lemon Scented Corymbia citriodora gum 1 Pittsworth 2 (Qld) Corymbia maculata Spotted gum 1 Tara (Qld) Eucalyptus spp. gum 1 Pittsworth 2 (Qld) Queensland White Eucalyptus argophloia gum 1 Pittsworth 1 (Qld) Ficus spp. fig 1 Mareeba (Qld) Bulimba (Qld), Hampden (Qld), Morningside (Qld), Ficus benjamina Weeping fig 4 Pleystowe (Qld) Ficus microcarpa var. hillii Hills Weeping fig 1 Bulimba (Qld) Ficus obliqua Small-leaved fig 1 Eumundi 2 (Qld) Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda 2 Chinchilla 1 (Qld), Eumundi 2 (Qld) Macadamia Nut Macadamia integrifolia trees 1 Toowong (Qld) Mangifera spp. Mango 2 Mango Hill (Qld), Watsonville (Qld) Peltophorum pterocarpum Yellow Flame tree 1 Rockhampton 1 (Qld) Phoenix spp. Date palm 1 Rockhampton 2 (Qld) Pinus spp. pine 1 Pittsworth 4 (Qld) Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Slash pine 1 Stanthorpe (Qld) Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine 2 Rockhampton 2 (Qld), Toowoomba 1 (Qld) Platanus x acerifolia London plane 1 Tannymorel (Qld) Schinus aeria var. molle Peppercorn 1 Pittsworth 3 (Qld) Syagrus romanzoffiana Cocos Palm 1 Bulimba (Qld) Syzygium paniculatum Magenta Lilly pilli 1 Eumundi 2 (Qld) Unknown 26 See Table 5.26

37 5.4 South Australia

39 memorial avenues have been identified in South Australia. Of these, 13 (34%) were surveyed by council. 5 (13%) were surveyed by the local RSL branch or interested individuals. These results can be found in Chapter 6.

5.4.1. Locations, Tree Details, Signs and Plaques

For most avenues a reasonable amount of location data has been collected. Only 6 (16%) avenues have no location recorded beyond the town or suburb. In most cases the exact location and extent of the avenue is known. Most of the avenues are located in rural South Australia in contrast to 13 (34%) located within the Adelaide metropolitan area.

The number of trees comprising the avenues varies considerably, from less than 10 to well over 200 at Brooklyn Park and Rose Park. In 26 (68%) cases it is not known how many trees were originally planted and information is not available on how many trees are left in 25 (66%) cases. South Australian avenues are usually planted in a double row of trees and the state has well over 700 memorial avenue trees.

FIG 5.2: NORFOLK ISLAND PINES AT VICTOR HARBOR, SA. (DON COCKERELL 2008)

At least 16 different tree species have been used in South Australian avenues, with the most common being the Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) used in 6 (15%) avenues around the state. 5 species of tree are so far only known to be used in South Australian avenues, Celtis (Celtis spp.), Carob (Ceratonia siliqua), Bhutan Cypress

38 (Cupressus torulosa), Golden Rain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata) and the cork elm (Ulmus suber).

The most common avenue from is a double row of trees although at least 7 (18%) of avenues only comprise a single row. Very little replacement or replanting has been recorded. Several of the states avenues are noticeably in decline.

Only 5 (13%) avenues are reported to have any kind of signage and only 8 (21%) are known to have originally had individual tree plaques. Of these 2 (5%) have had all plaques removed or lost over time. Vandalism of plaques was noted as a problem for 3 (8%) avenues.

5.4.2 Commemoration, History and Associations

The first avenue known to have been planted in South Australia was the avenue at Virginia in 1916. No Boer War memorials have been identified in the state. There have been very few new avenues planted in recent decades.

Unusually a similar number of avenues commemorate WW1 as WW2 in South Australia with 14 (37%) and 12 (32%) of avenues respectively. The avenues were usually planted to commemorate those soldiers killed in war.

3 avenues have the recognition of the National Trust, Port Elliot, Rose Park and Victor Harbor (2). A few others have some local recognition.

7 (18%) avenues are reported as complete and only 1 (3%) has been completely destroyed. The status of 30 (77%) avenues is still to be identified.

The history of several avenues is well documented, particularly the Rose Park avenue, but further investigation is needed in at least 15 (38%) cases.

In 14 (36%) cases RSL clubs associated with the trees have been identified although it cannot be confirmed if these branches are still active. No community groups are known to be currently associated with South Australian avenues although it is clear that there is community interest in the Rose Park avenue (Lawry 2009). Further local investigation is needed to identify any other references and to fill the remaining gaps in the following tables.

39 TABLE 5.9: SA MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATIONS, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES

Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Some original trees Corner of remain and some Tuttangga/Park 19. Edwin Smith Adelaide Glen Adelaide Double row were replaced with English Elm Trees follow dirt 145 Avenue and None Park Lands Osmond Rd Park Lands of trees. various Eucalypts (Ulmus procera) access road. War Memorial (Eucalyptus spp. or Avenue. Corymbia spp.) Trees are in decline In Memory Grove and have been Inman approximately 8km Double row Pine (probably Single plaque in centre of Back Valley Back Valley ≈36 ≈30 pruned over None Valley Rd from the Victor of trees. Pinus radiata) avenue property boundary Harbor CBD. on one side. Double row Pines (Pinus Bridgewater Fielding Rd Bridgewater of trees. spp.)? Mostly London Brooklyn Sir Donald Brooklyn Between Adelaide Double row Plane (Platanus x Trees have individual 227 227 Park Bradman Dr Park Airport and South Rd. of trees. hispanica) some plaques. Celtis Between Main Rd and Coromandel Coromandel Main Rd the croquet courts, Valley Valley Weymouth oval. Gawler Gawler Queensland Goodwood Brush Box Goodwood Goodwood 22 Rd (Lophostemon confertus) Hawker Hawker Henley Henley HMAS Club of South HMAS Rd Beach South Beach South Australia. Hindmarsh Port Rd Hindmarsh

Large stone states Eucalypt 'Memorial avenue planted Adelaide Rd Located in small Double row (Eucalyptus spp. by students of Kadina Kadina and Thomas Kadina reserve. of trees. or Corymbia Memorial High School Plains Rd spp.) 60th Anniversary. Lest we forget.' Golden Rain Tree Kapunda Main Rd Kapunda (Koelreuteria paniculata)

40 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Down the side of Single row Soldiers Memorial Uncertain, may of trees. All trees have individual Keith Heritage St Keith Park and along a 73 73 be Cork Elm None Avenue plaques section of the Dukes (Ulmus suber) complete. Highway. Norfolk Island Lady Bay Lady Bay Near Normanville. Pine (Araucaria heterophylla) Maitland Maitland Milang Milang Avenue destroyed. Jacaranda Single row Originally 12 Along the footpath (Jacaranda of trees. Jacaranda planted Moonta Blanche Tce Moonta running parallel with 24 0 mimosifolia) and Avenue in 1947 and 12 the school yard. Poplar (Populus destroyed. Poplars planted in spp.) 1948. Mt Barker Mt Barker Original Cypress Originally Pine (Callitris spp.) Cypress Pine trees were (Callitris spp.). removed due to Replacements Mount Memorial Mount Single plaque on street 12 damage by Claret Ash None Pleasant Ave Pleasant marks the avenue. termites and public (Fraxinus risk from falling angustifolia var. branches in 2006 oxycarpa and replaced. 'Raywoodii') Carob trees planted at this site, Memorial Carob (Ceratonia Nuriootpa Nuriootpa 36 tree planting None None Ave siliqua) consistent with area plantings.

Portion of Section 257 Township of Mixture of Single row Pinnaroo Mann St Pinnaroo Pinnaroo and forming ≈12 unknown None of trees. part of the Soldiers species. Memorial Reserve.

Claret Ash Between Richmond (Fraxinus Plympton Anzac Hwy Plympton Rd and Tapleys Hill angustifolia var. Rd. oxycarpa 'Raywoodii')

41 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Norfolk Island Strangeways Soldiers Memorial Plaques were erected in Port Elliot Port Elliot 22 22 Pine (Araucaria None Tce Gardens. 1970. heterophylla) Norfolk Island Port Port All trees have individual Along the foreshore. 18 18 Pine (Araucaria MacDonnell MacDonnell plaques. heterophylla) Double row of trees Spotted Gum Regency Regency Park along Regency Regency Rd planted (Corymbia Park Park Rd. either side maculata) of roadway. Each tree was originally marked with a brass plaque listing the soldiers name and regiment. These were vandalised and stolen over the years. They were replaced until Some trees are the 1970s. The plaques recent were then replaced with Double row replacements and Avenue steel disks attached to a Alexandra Along the grassed of trees others require English Elm marked by steel stake next to the Rose Park Ave, Rose Park centre traffic island planted at 278 268 replacement. A (Ulmus procera) signs at both trees cross referenced Prescott Tce of both streets. 10m restoration plan is ends. with large headstones at intervals. currently being the start of each tree drafted. block. The plaques were again replaced by engraved plastic disks embedded into concrete at the base of the trees in 2003-04. This has significantly reduced vandalism. Next to Primitive Methodist Cemetery Salisbury Salisbury near Salisbury Shopping Centre. Stradbrooke Stanley Flat Stanley Flat Via Clare. 31 31 Rd Each tree marked by Stockport Stockport In Memorial park. individual tablet.

42 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Single row Stone Hut Borthwick St Stone Hut 9 9 Avenue complete. of trees.

Council was Bronze plaques bearing Double row considering soldiers names were in of trees Aleppo Pine Tea Tree Tea Tree removal of all trees place at the base of the Memorial Dr planted (Pinus Gully Gully in 2004 because trees up to early 1970s. either side halepensis) for 'aesthetic Plaques have since been of roadway. reasons'. lost or stolen.

In 1951 the trees were transplanted Bhutan Cypress Urrbrae Agricultural Single row to current location Urrbrae Cross Rd Urrbrae (Cupressus College Grounds. of trees. along the internal torulosa) boundary fence to the school oval.

Double row Claret Ash of trees (Fraxinus Onkaparinga Between Grivell Rd Verdun Verdun planted ≈40 angustifolia var. None Valley Rd and Beaumonts Rd. either side oxycarpa of roadway. 'Raywoodii')

Original names were on individual plaques on trees. These plaques were Monument in replaced with brass the middle of plaques and located on a Double row the reserve Norfolk Island new memorial wall in Victor The Victor Soldiers Memorial of trees. Trees originally states 28 28 Pine (Araucaria 1999. This was due to Harbor (1) Esplanade Harbor Reserve. Avenue had tree guards. 'Soldiers heterophylla) concerns about complete. Memorial vandalism, condition and Reserve. Lest liability (tripping hazard). We Forget.' Several plaques were missing and many were badly deteriorated.

Trees originally had guards, now Only the front row of Norfolk Island Victor Victor Soldiers Memorial Double row only young trees originally had Flinders Pde 40 Pine (Araucaria None Harbor (2) Harbor Gardens. of trees. replacement trees plaques. These are still in heterophylla) have or need place. them.

43 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments The trees are located in the Council owned reserve (Lot 130) adjacent to the Virginia Institute. 8 of the trees are situated on the southern boundary of Trees are in the reserve adjacent Double row Old Port different states of Sugar Gum to Penfield Road. A of trees. Virginia Wakefield Virginia 17 17 health ranging (Eucalyptus None None further 9 trees are Avenue Rd from healthy to cladocalyx) situated along the complete. heavily declining. eastern boundary adjacent to Phineas Street with the remainder of the trees located centrally across the site running from east to west. Single row of trees Aleppo Pine Wallaroo (1) Matta St Wallaroo Swansea Park. around (Pinus None Swansea halepensis) Park. Jetty Rd, Norfolk Island Owen Tce Behind the bowling Wallaroo (2) Wallaroo Pine (Araucaria and Victoria green. heterophylla) St Norfolk Island In front of the Wallaroo (3) Alford Rd Wallaroo Pine (Araucaria hospital. heterophylla) OP – Original planting, number of trees. AP – At present, number of trees.

Note: Where avenues were reported as destroyed the number of trees remaining was determined to be 0 if no other number was given.

44 TABLE 5.10: SA MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES

Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References status Council Groups Original intention may have been to plant one The initial proposal for an avenue of English Elm tree for each (Ulmus procera) diagonally across the park was local Personal Email - Kyle Adelaide made in January 1919. This avenue is reputed Adelaide 1919 WW1 casualty but Penick, 1/06/2004. Park Lands to be intended as a memorial avenue although City Council the site was Jones (2007). it is difficult to find evidence that confirms this. chosen The trees were planted later that year. before the number needed was determined (≈400). Trees were planted to the memory City of Circa of the men Partly Council is the most likely to have planted the City of Victor Harbor Back Valley WW2 Victor 1945 of the damaged. trees. - Survey response. Harbor district who died in WW2. Memorial to Personal Email - Adelaide Bridgewater local Trees planted by the Bridgewater community. Linda Ward, Hills Council soldiers. 04/05/2008. Full list of Brooklyn soldiers City of West Personal Email - John WW2 Complete Trees planted by the City of West Torrens. Park names Torrens Voigt, 22/06/2004. available. Personal Email - Coromandel City of Phillip Hall, Valley Onkaparinga 05/05/2008. Tree planted for each 31/07/ Trees planted by the Gawler Wattle Day League Town of Survey of War Gawler WW1 fallen soldier 1918 and public subscriptions. Gawler Memorials 1920-21. from the area.

45 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References status Council Groups 22 trees planted to start avenue. Circa Unley City News (Adelaide) Goodwood WW1 Unknown 1938 Council 15/07/1938. wether more trees were ever planted. Flinders Personal Email - Recent Hawker Ranges Deon Schumann, planting Council 22/06/2004. City of HMAS Club Henley 10/07/ Trees planted by the HMAS Club of South Personal Email - Sam Charles of South Beach South 1990 Australia. Cassar, 24/06/2004. Sturt Australia Vietnam City of Personal Email - Sam Hindmarsh and Charles Cassar, 24/06/2004. Korea. Sturt District Kadina RSL - The avenue was planted by students of Kadina Council of Correspondence Kadina Memorial High School at the 60th anniversary of Kadina RSL the Copper included with survey the school. Coast response. Light Personal Email - Tim Kapunda WW2 Regional Johnson, 1/06/2004. Council Tatiara District Local men Trees planted by Zamills and local individuals, Tatiara During Council - Survey Keith WW2 enlisted in Complete possibly in cooperation with the Red District Keith RSL WW2 Response. Keith RSL WW2. Cross/Comfort Fund. Council – Survey Response. District Personal Email - Ross Lady Bay Council of Oke, 22/06/2004. Yankalilla Vietnam Veterans District Association of Council of Maitland Australia - Copper the Copper Coast - Survey Coast Response.

Alexandrina Alexandrina Council - Milang Council Survey Response.

46 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References status Council Groups At the instigation of the staff of Moonta Primary School and with the cooperation of Moonta District Council of the Council, Moonta RSL and the CWA, 12 25/07/ Copper Coast - Local Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia) trees were District 1947 Survey Response. citizens planted by relatives and friends of the fallen Council of Moonta and WW2 Destroyed The People's Weekly, killed in soldiers commemorated. They were planted at a the Copper 11/06/ Moonta, 2/08/1947. WW2. public ceremony and the trees were to be cared Coast 1948 The People's Weekly, for by the school. The following year 12 Poplar Moonta, 19/06/1948. (Populus spp.) trees were similarly planted and dedicated. District July Survey of War Mt Barker WW1 Memorial cost £180. council of Mt 1920 Memorials 1920-21. Barker The Barossa Council - Mount The trees were planted by the Barossa Council The Barossa Mount Survey Response. Mt 1930s. WW1 Pleasant and the Mount Pleasant RSL. Council Pleasant RSL Pleasant RSL – Survey Response. The Barossa Nuriootpa The Barossa Council - Nuriootpa Trees planted by Barossa Council. Council RSL Survey Response.

The avenue was planted in a fenced off area set Southern Southern Mallee aside for the croquet club. This club is now Mallee Pinnaroo WW2 District Council - closed and clubrooms are soon to be District Survey Response. demolished due to asbestos issues. Council

Personal Email - Ross City of West Oke, 22/06/2004. Plympton WW1 Torrens Personal Email - John Voigt, 22/06/2004.

WW1, Alexandrina Council - WW2, 22/06/ Alexandrina Port Elliot Survey Response. Port Elliot Korea National Trust Complete Trees were planted by a local community group. 1918 Council RSL Robert Miller – and Survey Response. Vietnam

Advertiser District Port Sept 14/09/1949. Port WW2 Council of MacDonnell 1949 MacDonnell RSL – Grant Survey Response.

47 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References status Council Groups The one side was planted in 1992 but due to Trees uncertainty about development on the other Port 1992 planted to Personal Email - Regency side of Regency Rd those trees were not planted Adelaide and WW1 commemora Bruce Johnson, Park until 2003. The first planting was attended by Enfield 2003 te Gallipoli 24/06/2004. Australian Army personnel and two Gallipoli Council campaign. veterans on horseback in full regalia.

A committee lead by Charles Reade (the current town planner) to beautify Alexandra and Prescott Tce considered the planting of a single row of trees down the middle of both streets. Local residents (later the Rose Park Improvement Association) offered £200 to help purchase trees with matching funds from council. The original planting scheme using American Oak (Quercus velutina or macrocarpa) and Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Inermis') could not be undertaken due to a lack Avenue of of suitable trees. After various consultations City of Burnside - Honour National Trust, English Elms (Ulmus procera) were determined Survey Response, planted for State Heritage 19/07/ culturally appropriate as a memorial and a City of Rose Park Eastern Courier Rose Park WW1 fallen and Local Complete 1919 double row of trees down both streets would be Burnside RSL Messenger soldiers Heritage required to accommodate the number of 10/03/2004, Jones from the Groups. casualties already arising from the war. 2007. district. Dignitaries including the State Premier, State Governor and the Council Chairman attended the inaugural planting and they planted the first trees followed by relatives of fallen soldiers. Unfortunately only some of the relatives registered the name of the fallen soldier and while they were all allowed to plant a tree no complete list of recognised soldiers is available. Currently only 75 trees can be connected to the name of a soldier. See case study in Chapter 2 for more details.

Personal Email - City of Salisbury Wayne Stidston, Salisbury 17/06/2004.

48 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References status Council Groups Clare and Trees planted by the then Principal of Stanley Circa Gilbert Clare RSL – Survey Stanley Flat WW2 Flat Primary School, Stan Basnam. The school is Clare RSL 1946 Valleys Response. now closed. Council Clare and Gilbert Survey of War Stockport 1920 WW1 Complete Funds raised by public subscription. Valleys Memorials 1920-21. Council Website - Southwell- WW1 Northern Keeley, War Stone Hut and Areas Memorials in WW2 Council Australia 2007. Personal Email - Colin 1950's Tea Tree Trees planted as part of Tea Tree Gully planting Tea Tree Tea Tree Thornton, 7/09/2004. or Gully scheme. Gully Gully RSL Personal Email - Egon 1960's Shore, 01/05/2008.

Trees planted in Urrbrae City of Personal Email - Egon Urrbrae WW1 memory of Agricultural Mitcham Shore, 01/05/2008. fallen old High School scholars.

Adelaide Adelaide Hills Council Verdun WW2 Complete Hills Council - Survey Response.

City of Victor Harbor City of - Survey response. Victor Council in cooperation with the RSL planted the Victor 1946? WW2 Local RSL Victor Advertiser Harbor (1) trees. Harbor RSL Harbor 13/09/1949, Garnaut 1999.

City of Victor Harbor National Trust City of Victor 1917- Avenue planted by the Corporation of Victor Victor - Survey response. WW1 and State Complete Victor Harbor (2) 1918 Harbor. Harbor RSL Advertiser Heritage Harbor 13/10/1926.

City of Playford - 1/09/ City of Survey response. Virginia WW1 SA RSL 1916 Playford News Review 9/02/1989.

49 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References status Council Groups Trees were The trees were planted by the Swansea Park planted to Committee and the Wallaroo RSA. The perpetuate completion of fencing around the new Swansea the memory Park coincided with the RSA tree planting drive Wallaroo District Council of the of District and the Park Committee were pleased to include RSL Copper Coast - 30/07/ servicemen Council of Wallaroo (1) WW2 a ring of Aleppo Pines (Pinus halepensis) around (formerly Survey Response, 1938 killed in the the Copper the park. The first tree was planted by Wallaroo Wallaroo Kadina and Wallaroo war and Coast Mayor W. H. Harbison at a well attended RSA) Times 6/08/1938. those who ceremony. Other trees were planted by died after members of Council, Wallaroo RSA and returning to interested members of the public. Australia. Trees Wallaroo National Trust, District planted in RSL Wallaroo Branch - Circa The trees were planted by the Wallaroo Tree Council of Wallaroo (2) memory of (formerly Correspondence 1935 Planting Committee and the Wallaroo Council. the Copper fallen Wallaroo included with survey Coast soldiers. RSA) response. Trees Wallaroo National Trust, District planted in RSL Wallaroo Branch - Circa The trees were planted by the Wallaroo Tree Council of Wallaroo (3) memory of (formerly Correspondence 1943 Planting Committee and the Wallaroo Council. the Copper fallen Wallaroo included with survey Coast soldiers. RSA) response.

50 TABLE 5.11: SA MEMORIAL AVENUES – TREE SPECIES USED

Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations Araucaria Lady Bay, Port Elliot, Victor Harbor (1), Victor Harbor (2), heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine 6 Wallaroo (2), Wallaroo (3). Celtis spp. Celtis 1 Brooklyn Park. Ceratonia siliqua Carob tree 1 Nuriootpa. Corymbia maculata Spotted gum 1 Regency Park. Cupressus torulosa Bhutan Cypress 1 Urrbrae. Eucalyptus spp. gum 1 Kadina. Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar gum 1 Virginia. Fraxinus oxycarpa ‘Raywoodii’ Claret Ash 3 Mount Pleasant, Plympton, Verdun. Koelreuteria paniculata Golden Rain Tree 1 Kapunda. Lophostomen confertus Brushbox 1 Goodwood. Pinus spp. pine 1 Bridgewater. Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine 2 Tea Tree Gully, Wallaroo (1). Pinus radiata Monterey pine 1 Back Valley. Platanus spp plane 1 Brooklyn Park. Ulmus procera English elm 2 Adelaide Parklands, Rose Park. Ulmus suber Cork elm 1 Keith. Unknown 13 See table 5.26

51 5.5 Tasmania

69 memorial avenues have been identified in Tasmania. Of these, 9 (13%) were surveyed by council. These results can be found in Chapter 6.

5.5.1. Locations, Tree Details, Signs and Plaques

Street names are not known for 46 (66%) avenues but many of these have other location information available. 24 (35%) require further investigation to identify their location within the town or suburb.

Avenues range in size from 5 to over 500 trees. Several avenues have replaced trees, often using different species to those originally used. It is unknown how many trees were originally planted in 34 (49%) cases and unknown how many trees remain in 19 (28%) cases. At least 9 (13%) avenues take the form of a double row of trees. The exact form of most Tasmanian avenues is unknown.

Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) was the most frequently used tree species. Several avenues used multiple species and at least 26 different tree species were used. 7 species have so far only been identified as in use in Tasmania such as Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon), Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) and Weeping Cherry (Prunus serrulata). Only one type of gum tree has been identified, the Red Flowering gum (Corymbia ficifolia) avenue at North Motton.

Several avenues have had trees removed in the last few years and restoration efforts are being made at sites such as Lefroy and Queens Domian.

Only 6 (9%) avenues are reported to have any kind of signage and 20 (29%) are known to have originally had individual tree plaques. Of these 10 (50%) have had all plaques removed or lost over time. Some remaining plaques have been removed from trees and retained by the local RSL such as at Kempton.

52 5.5.2 Commemoration, History and Associations

One Boer War memorial was planted at Beaconsfield but the planting date is unknown. Planting started on the earliest WW1 avenue in 1915 and 22 (32%) avenues were planted before 1920. Only one new avenue has been planted in the last few decades, the memorial at Beaconsfield (3) that was planted in 2007.

Most of Tasmania avenues commemorate WW1 (86%) and only 13 (19%) commemorate WW2. Avenues were commonly planted for all enlisted soldiers but 10 (14%) avenues were planted specifically for the fallen.

Several avenues have some form of local recognition and the avenue at Bothwell is recognised by the national trust.

9 (13%) avenues are reported to be destroyed and only 3 (4%) are complete. The status of 53 (77%) avenues is still to be determined.

The history of several avenues is well researched and ongoing work by the Friend of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (www.soldierswalk.org.au) is improving the knowledge base.

In 11 (16%) cases RSL clubs associated with the trees have been identified although it cannot be confirmed if all these branches are still active. Several community groups are actively associated with Tasmanian avenues, most notably the Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk who are actively encouraging the identification and restoration of all Tasmania’s avenues. Further local investigation is needed to identify any other references and to fill the remaining gaps in the following tables.

53 TABLE 5.12: TAS MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATIONS, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES

Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Apsley was a railway town, no Avenue on land longer a town but leased to private Monterey Pine Apsley Lake Hwy. Apsley is often still on 18 0 owner who cut (Pinus radiata) maps - where Lake down remaining Hwy crosses the trees circa 1995. Jordan River Double Road leading to St Avoca Avoca row of 8 Thomas' Church. trees. Main Rd (now Tree No plaques Bagdad Upper Bagdad 25 0 pines (Pinus spp.) Swan St) guards. remain.

Barnes Bay (St Barnes Bay Peters)

Main road to There are doubts West Tamar Beauty Point Tree Beaconsfield (1) Beaconsfield 50+ 2 that the full 50 Oak (Quercus spp.) Hwy beyond Brandy guards. trees were planted. Creek.

Main road through Double Weld St and Plane (Platanus No plaques Beaconsfield (2) Beaconsfield Beaconsfield south row of ≈200 ≈40 Grubb St. spp.) remain. from Brandy Creek. trees.

Double row of Silver Birch (Betula All trees have Beaconsfield (3) Weld St. Beaconsfield RSL Park. trees. 22 22 pendula) plaques. Tree guards. Bellerive Bellerive

Monterey Cypress Bellerive Rifle Grounds of the Tree No plaques Bellerive 23 0 (Cupressus Club Bellerive Rifle Club. guards. remain. macrocarpa)

Bishopsbourne Single row Bishopsbourne Bishopsbourne 5 Oak (Quercus spp.) Rd of trees.

54 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Sugar pines Originally Sugar removed gradually, pine (Pinus Copper plates on Double by 1980's all lambertiana), now each tree guard row of removed and partly Main St (Lake Claret Ash with the name, Bothwell Bothwell trees. 110 110 replaced by Claret Hwy) (Fraxinus rank and unit of Tree Ash on Desert Oak augustifolia var. each soldier guards. root stock. Root oxycarpa commemorated. stock has taken ‘Raywoodii’). over some trees. Around village green and along Tree Breadalbane Breadalbane main road to 57 Various species. guards. Youngtown/Frankli n Village. pines (Pinus spp.), Bream Creek Bream Creek 24 English oak (Quercus robur). Road between Emu Tree Burnie Burnie River bridge and 165 guards. Wivenhoe railway. Horse Chestnut Macquarie Tree Aluminium Bushy Park Bushy Park 93 (Aesculus Plains Rd guards. plaques on trees. hippocastanum) Main streets within Some trees have No plaques Carrick Carrick ≈40 elm (Ulmus spp.) town. been removed. remain. The avenue will be Sign marks replaced with trees avenue and Clarence Point Sunset Bvd Clarence Point ≈ 40 more suitable to names those the local commemorate conditions. d. All trees declared Monterey Cypress unsafe and Cornwall Cornwall Crown reserve. ≈22 0 (Cupressus removed in the macrocarpa) 1980s by council. Monterey Cypress Tree Cressy Main Rd Cressy 60 (Cupressus guards. macrocarpa) No plaques Western side of Monterey Cypress remain on trees. road from Church Tree Dysart old Main Road Dysart 11 2 (Cupressus One plaque Rd intersection to guards. macrocarpa) located. Kept by Clifton Vale Rd. Kempton RSL.

55 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments 12 Liquidambar Additional planting (Liquidambar Windmill Hill. Double will be undertaken Sign at one East styraciflua), 12 East Launceston High St Council owned row of 25 24 as part of park end put in Launceston Japanese Flowering park. trees. development over 26/05/1962. Cherry (Prunus the next 2 years. serrulata). Road leading from Horse Chestnut Tree Ellendale Ellendale Post Office to (Aesculus guards. Donaghy's mill. hippocastanum) Originally metal tablets on each On recreation Exton Exton 36 Oak (Quercus spp.) tree. Unknown ground. how many remain. Between Franklin Franklin Franklin Village Village and Village Youngtown. George Town George Town In grounds of Glen Glen Dhu Glen Dhu Dhu School. Glen Huon Glen Huon Glenora Glenora 59 Goulds Goulds Country Country Approach to St Gretna Gretna Mary's Church. Tree Blackwood (Acacia Hamilton Hamilton Green Lane' guards. melanoxylon)

Huon River Huonville Huonville foreshore. Irishtown Irishtown

Two sections. Western side of the main road through Monterey Cypress Bronze plate Single row town from the (Cupressus with number, of trees. Jericho Jericho Lower Marshes Rd 27 15 macrocarpa), name and unit. 6 Tree to the Schoolhouse Monterey pine of the original guards. and beyond the old (Pinus radiata). plaques remain. Church to the bridge.

56 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments No plaques Flanking old remain on trees. highway at One original Kempton Kempton 27-30 southern entrance plaque located. to town. Now kept by Kempton RSL.

Kingston Kingston 5

Launceston Church All trees removed Alleppo pine (Pinus Launceston (1) Launceston Grammer School 98 0 by the 1970s. halepensis) grounds. Metal plaques on Double Light concrete plinths Near Beulagh Launceston (2) High St Windmill Park row of standards by each tree Gardens. trees. mark avenue. commemorating various groups. In 2008 council started reconstructive Single row work and RSL have English Oak Trees originally Lefroy Richard St Lefroy 11 4 of trees. constructed a (Quercus robur) had plaques. memorial with flagpole and single plaque. Legerwood Legerwood All trees The first plantings Sections of originally had were from the George, nameplates. The Council Chambers Plane (Platanus Marlborough, Most trees are in last remaining Longford Longford along Smith St ≈200 spp.) and oak Wellington and good condition. nameplates were towards Wellington (Quercus spp.) Smith St and removed in the St and south along Tannery Rd. 1980s and have Wellington St. since been lost. Horse Chestnut Macquarie Macquarie Road to Railway 70 (Aesculus Plains Plains Station. hippocastanum) Mangana Mangana Melton Trees originally Melton Mowbray Old Man Rd Mowbray had plaques. Montague Montague

57 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Myalla Myalla

From the railroad National Park National Park to the Russell River.

Original trees spruce (Picea Tree replaced by spp.), Flowering North Motton North Motton guards. flowering gums in gums (Corymbia 1934. ficifolia).

The plantings Monterey Cypress Nubeena Main Rd Nubeena commenced at 51 0 (Cupressus George St. macrocarpa) Original trees Original trees removed in 1990s. Replacement trees unknown. 7 of the original Replacement trees Oatlands Main St Oatlands planted along High Replacement trees metal plaques were then planted. St. Birches (Betula remain. These trees are in spp.) good condition. Single row of trees. No plaques Ouse Lyell Hwy. Ouse 90km from Hobart. 6 Ash (Fraxinus spp.) Tree remain. guards. Port Arthur/ Port Arthur Carnarvon Indian Cedar Most of the (Cedrus deodora), original Atlas Cedar (C. nameplates were atlantica) and Blue lost over time Atlas Cedar (C. with the Inside the Queens The Friends of atlantica ‘Glauca’). remaining 11 Domain Park along Double the Avenue Replacements removed for Queens Domain Hobart the riverside from row of 513 359 plan to add to originally included safekeeping in Aberdeen St to the trees. and improve the Italian Cypress 2002. The crossroads. the signage. (Cupressus Friends of the sempervirens) and Avenue plan to more recently the provide new Lebanon cedar plaques for all (Cedrus libani). trees.

Randalls Bay Randalls Bay

58 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Ringarooma Ringarooma American plane Roadway leading (Platanus from the main road Tree Rokeby Rokeby 21 occidentalis), 2 through town to St guards. English oaks Matthew's Church. (Quercus robur) Ross Ross Tree Scottsdale George St Scottsdale guards. Eastwards from Double Davis Rd along the Evergreen trees. Snug Snug row of reserve to Station Species unknown. trees. Rd. A small cenotaph on Avenue was the site gives Monterey Cypress Hyth School destroyed by fire in the names and Southport Cathkit St Southport ≈12 0 (Cupressus grounds. 1967 along with details of macrocarpa) the school. soldiers for whom trees were planted. St Nicholas St Nicholas (Fingal) Stanley Stanley Several trees Eastern side of removed in the last Single row Monterey Pine Taranna old Main Rd Taranna road by Convict ≈20 decade. Trees are of trees. (Pinus radiata) Station. reaching the end of their lifespans.

9 Japanese Flowering Cherry (Prunus serrulata), 15 trees replanted 6 Common Lime All trees Trevallyn Reserve. Double in last 2 years. (Tilia europaea), 3 originally had Trevallyn South Esk Rd Trevallyn Council owned row of ≈25 Further planting to Silver Birch (Betula plaques. Few reserve. trees. be undertaken to pendula), 3 English remain. fill in gaps. Oak (Quercus robur), 4 Weeping Cherry (Prunus subhirtella).

59 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments Waratah Waratah Westbury Westbury Near the corner of Brass tablet Woodbridge Woodbridge Woodbridge Rd and 53 marked Granquist Rd. avenue. 10 tree guards Tree Wynyard Wynyard 150 were destroyed by guards. vandals in 1954. Youngtown Youngtown OP – Original planting, number of trees. AP – At present, number of trees.

Note: Where avenues were reported as destroyed the number of trees remaining was determined to be 0 if no other number was given.

60 TABLE 5.13: TAS MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES

Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups Central Highlands Council Central - Survey response. For locals who The avenue was established Apsley WW1 Destroyed Highlands Soldiers Walk Memorial enlisted. by the local community. Council Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au. For local enlisted and The avenue was established Survey of War Memorials Northern before ex scholars of by the local community. The 1920-21, Soldiers Walk Avoca WW1 Midlands 1921 St Thomas' trees and labour were Memorial Avenue (2010) Council Sunday donated. www.soldierswalk.org.au School. For locals who Southern Soldiers Walk Memorial The avenue was established Bagdad 1918 WW1 joined the Destroyed Midlands Avenue (2010) by the local community. A.I.F. Council www.soldierswalk.org.au Soldiers Walk Memorial Barnes Bay Kingsborough WW1 Avenue (2010) (St Peters) Council www.soldierswalk.org.au

The avenue was established by the Beaconsfield Progress West Tamar Council - and Tourist's Association with Survey Response. Howard Beaconsfield 3/09/ For locals who Local West Tamar Beaconsfield WW1 Destroyed the support of the local (2007). Soldiers Walk (1) 1918 enlisted. recognition. Council RSL council. The trees were Memorial Avenue (2010), planted by relatives of the www.soldierswalk.org.au. soldiers commemorated.

Howard (2007). West Beaconsfield Local The avenue was established West Tamar Beaconsfield Boer War Destroyed Tamar Council - Survey (2) recognition. by the local council. Council RSL Response.

The avenue was established by the local community in conjunction with the local Beaconsfield 21/10/ Local West Tamar Beaconsfield West Tamar Council - WW2 Complete council and RSL. Avenue is (3) 2007 recognition. Council RSL Survey Response. used for the ANZAC Day March and Remembrance Day ceremonies.

61 Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups Soldiers Walk Memorial Clarence City Bellerive WW1 Avenue (2010) Council www.soldierswalk.org.au The avenue was established by the Bellerive Rifle Club to Members of honour its members who Howard (2007), Soldiers Bellerive Bellerive Rifle the rifle club served. Many of the trees Clarence City Walk Memorial Avenue WW1 Destroyed Historical Club who enlisted in were planted by relatives of Council (2010) Society WW1. those commemorated. There www.soldierswalk.org.au are tentative plans to plant another avenue in the area. The avenue was established Northern August Northern Midlands Council Bishopsbourne WW1 by the local community in Midlands 1918 - Survey response. conjunction with council. Council The idea to plant the avenue was proposed at a local Central Highlands Council Started council meeting and funds - Survey response. Central Bothwell 1915, For locals who were raised by public Survey of War Memorials Bothwell WW1 National trust. Complete Highlands RSL (now dedicated enlisted. subscription and a donation of 1920-21. Soldiers Walk Council defunct) 3/9/1918 £56 by the council. The first Memorial Avenue (2010), tree was planted by the then www.soldierswalk.org.au. Premier of Tasmania. Northern Midlands Council Northern - Survey response. June/July The avenue was established Breadalbane WW1 Midlands Soldiers Walk Memorial 1918 by the local community. Council Avenue (2010), www.soldierswalk.org.au. Soldiers Walk Memorial 12/07/ Loads of soil were brought in Bream Creek WW1 Sorell Council Avenue (2010) 1918 to improve the planting area. www.soldierswalk.org.au Soldiers Walk Memorial For locals who The avenue was established Burnie July 1918 WW1 City of Burnie Avenue (2010) enlisted. by the local community. www.soldierswalk.org.au Survey of War Memorials 1920-21, Website - For each name Southwell-Keeley, War before Derwent Valley Bushy Park WW1 on the local Memorials in Australia 1921 Council honour roll. 2007. Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au

62 Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups The planting of the avenue For fallen and was organised by the Carrick Northern Carrick Howard (2007). Northern returning Community Association and Carrick 1946 WW2 Midlands Community Midlands Council - Survey service the trees were planted in Council Association response. personnel. 1946 by returning service personnel. The avenue was established Local West Tamar Beaconsfield West Tamar Council - Clarence Point WW1 by the local community in recognition. Council RSL Survey response. conjunction with council. The local residents requested the area be set aside as a reserve and it is believed that Break O'Day Cornwall 1918 WW1 Destroyed Howard (2007). around 22 trees were planted. Council There are plans to replant the avenue. Northern Midlands Council The avenue was established Northern - Survey response. 27/07/ by the local community. The Cressy WW1 Midlands Soldiers Walk Memorial 1918 state premier was present for Council Avenue (2010) the opening of the avenue. www.soldierswalk.org.au Southern Soldiers Walk Memorial Severely Kempton Dysart 1918 WW1 Midlands Avenue (2010) Damaged RSL Council www.soldierswalk.org.au The avenue planting was East initiated by Norman Findlay, a Launceston Launceston Launceston City Council - May, 1962 WW2 Complete Launceston member of the Civil Defence City Council RSL Survey Response. Legion. The avenue was established Survey of War Memorials by the local community. The Central 23/08/ For local fallen 1920-21, Soldiers Walk Ellendale WW1 trees were planted by Highlands 1918 and enlisted. Memorial Avenue (2010) relatives of those Council www.soldierswalk.org.au commemorated. before For local Meander Survey of War Memorials Exton WW1 1921 fallen. Valley Council 1920-21. Northern Soldiers Walk Memorial Franklin 1918 WW1 Midlands Avenue (2010) Village Council www.soldierswalk.org.au Soldiers Walk Memorial George Town George Town WW1 Avenue (2010) Council www.soldierswalk.org.au

63 Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups Examiner (Launceston) 28/06/1946. Soldiers For fallen old The trees were planted by Derwent Valley Glen Dhu 1946 WW2 Walk Memorial Avenue boys. pupils from Glen Dhu school. Council (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au Soldiers Walk Memorial Huon Valley Glen Huon WW1 Avenue (2010) Council www.soldierswalk.org.au Soldiers Walk Memorial For locals who The avenue was established Derwent Valley Glenora 1918 WW1 Avenue (2010) enlisted. by the local community. Council www.soldierswalk.org.au Survey of War Memorials Goulds Funds raised by voluntary Break O'Day 1920-21, Soldiers Walk 1920 WW1 Country subscription. Council Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au The avenue was established Friends of the Soldiers Derwent Valley Gretna circa 1947 WW2 by the parishioners of St Memorial Walk (2009) Council Mary's Church. www.soldierswalk.org.au Central Friends of the Soldiers The avenue was established Hamilton WW1 Highlands Memorial Walk (2009) by the local community. Council www.soldierswalk.org.au Friends of the Soldiers Boer War For local Huon Valley Huonville circa 1946 Memorial Walk (2009) and WW1 fallen. Council www.soldierswalk.org.au Friends of the Soldiers WW1 and Circular Head Irishtown Memorial Walk (2009) WW2 council www.soldierswalk.org.au The avenue was established Survey of War Memorials by the local community. The Southern Jericho 1920-21, Howard (2007), before For locals who Partly Jericho WW1 avenue cost around £25 and Midlands Avenue Friends of the Soldiers 1921 enlisted. damaged. funds were raised by public Council Group Memorial Walk (2009) subscription. www.soldierswalk.org.au

Southern Friends of the Soldiers For locals who The avenue was established Kempton Kempton WW1 Midlands Memorial Walk (2009) enlisted. by the local community. RSL Council www.soldierswalk.org.au

For former members of WW1 and Kingsborough Mercury (Hobart) Kingston circa 1954 the WW2 Council 11/08/1954. Kingsborough RSL

64 Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups The trees were planted by the Launceston For Old Boys Launceston Church Grammar Launceston Church Howard (2007). Mercury Launceston 1 Sept 1934 WW1 killed in the Destroyed School and relatives of the City Council Grammar (Hobart) 10/09/1934. Great War. dead. The seeds for the trees School were collected in Gallipoli. Website - Southwell- 26/05/ WW1 and For those who Launceston Launceston 2 Keeley, War Memorials in 1962 WW2 served in war. City Council Australia 2007. 24/09/ Severely The avenue was established George Town Georgetown George Town Council - Lefroy WW1 1918 Damaged by the local community. Council RSL Survey response. Friends of the Soldiers Legerwood WW1 Dorset Council Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au The avenue was established Avenue by the local community with planted for the help of council. The trees Northern Friends of the Soldiers 24/08/191 Longford WW1 locals who were donated by two locals. A Midlands Memorial Walk (2009) 8 enlisted in the commemorative event for the Council www.soldierswalk.org.au Great War. avenue was held on August 24th 2006. Survey of War Memorials Macquarie For local Derwent Valley 1920-21, Soldiers Walk 1921 WW1 Plains fallen. Council Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au The avenue was established Survey of War Memorials Northern before by the local community. The 1920-21, Soldiers Walk Mangana WW1 Midlands 1921 avenue was funded by public Memorial Avenue (2010) Council subscription. www.soldierswalk.org.au Southern Friends of the Soldiers Melton WW1 Midlands Memorial Walk (2009) Mowbray Council www.soldierswalk.org.au Friends of the Soldiers Clarence City Montague 1920 WW1 Memorial Walk (2009) Council www.soldierswalk.org.au

Waratah- Friends of the Soldiers Myalla WW1 Wynyard Memorial Walk (2009) Council www.soldierswalk.org.au

The avenue was established Friends of the Soldiers For locals who Derwent Valley National Park circa 1919 WW1 by the local community in Memorial Walk (2009) enlisted. Council conjunction with council. www.soldierswalk.org.au

65 Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups

Friends of the Soldiers For locals who The avenue was established Burnie City North Motton circa 1918 WW1 Memorial Walk (2009) enlisted. by the local community. Council www.soldierswalk.org.au

The avenue was established Survey of War Memorials by the local community. The 1920-21, Howard (2007), before Tasman Nubeena WW1 Destroyed trees were planted by Friends of the Soldiers 1921 Council relatives of those Memorial Walk (2009) commemorated. www.soldierswalk.org.au

Southern Local men Oatlands 1947 WW2 Midlands Howard (2007). killed in WW2. Council

The avenue was established Central Highlands Council by the local community. The Central - Survey response. Ouse Aug 1918 WW1 trees were planted by Highlands Friends of the Soldiers relatives of those Council Memorial Walk (2009), commemorated. www.soldierswalk.org.au.

Friends of the Soldiers Port Arthur/ For locals The avenue was planted by West Coast WW1 Memorial Walk (2009) Carnarvon killed in WW1 the citizens of Carnarvon. Council www.soldierswalk.org.au

66 Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups The avenue was proposed in 1917 but delayed until 1918. The planting was organized by public working bees. A crowd of 6-8,000 people attended the largest working bee and 8-10,000 attended the avenue’s inauguration (Howard 2005). This was a very impressive turnout from a local population of around 40,000. The 1.8 m x 1.8 m For local holes were dug and the tree Friends of Howard (2007), Friends Queens soldiers killed Partly guards built by scouts, serving Hobart City the Soldiers of the Soldiers Memorial 3/08/1918 WW1 Domain in the Great damaged. and returned soldier’s Council Memorial Walk (2009) War. relatives, friends other Walk www.soldierswalk.org.au community members. A black pin was produced for the event and the formal program names 390 men commemorated. The Governor and his wife, Sir Francis and Lady Newdegate and General Sir William Birdwood planted trees at one of the later plantings in 1921 (Howard 2005). See case study in Chapter 2 for more details. The avenue was established by the local community. The Friends of the Soldiers Huon Valley Randalls Bay WW1 trees were planted by Memorial Walk (2009) Council relatives of those www.soldierswalk.org.au commemorated. The avenue was established Friends of the Soldiers For local Ringarooma 1918 WW1 by the local Progress Dorset Council Memorial Walk (2009) fallen. Association. www.soldierswalk.org.au

The local community Survey of War Memorials established the avenue with before For locals who Clarence City 1920-21, Soldiers Walk Rokeby WW1 the money raised by public 1921 enlisted. Council Memorial Avenue (2010) subscription and the labour www.soldierswalk.org.au donated.

67 Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups Northern Friends of the Soldiers Ross WW1 Midlands Memorial Walk (2009) Council www.soldierswalk.org.au Friends of the Soldiers Scottsdale circa 1918 WW1 Dorset Council Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au Mercury (Hobart) 1/09/1953. Friends of the The avenue was proposed by Kingsborough Kingsboroug Snug circa 1953 WW2 Soldiers Memorial Walk the local RSL. Council h RSL (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Huon Valley Southport 1931 WW2 Destroyed Howard (2007). Council

Survey of War Memorials St Nicholas before Funds raised by public Break O'Day 1920-21, Soldiers Walk WW1 (Fingal) 1921 subscription. Council Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au Friends of the Soldiers Circular Head Stanley WW1 Memorial Walk (2009) council www.soldierswalk.org.au Howard (2007), Friends Tasman of the Soldiers Memorial Taranna circa 1920 WW1 Council Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Launceston Launceston City Council - Trevallyn circa 1950 WW1 Launceston City Council Survey Response.

Waratah- Friends of the Soldiers Waratah WW1 Wynyard Memorial Walk (2009) Council www.soldierswalk.org.au Friends of the Soldiers Meander Westbury WW1 Memorial Walk (2009) Valley Council www.soldierswalk.org.au Mercury (Hobart) For locals who Kingsborough Woodbridge circa 1946 WW2 3/09/1946. Howard enlisted. Council (2007).

68 Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups WW1, For fallen Waratah- WW2 and soldiers and Advocate (Burnie) Wynyard circa 1954 Wynyard local the pioneers of 26/04/1954. Council pioneers. the district. Friends of the Soldiers Launceston Youngtown WW1 Memorial Walk (2009) City Council www.soldierswalk.org.au

69 TABLE 5.14: TAS MEMORIAL AVENUES – TREE SPECIES USED

Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood 1 Hamilton. Aesculus hippocastanum Horse Chestnut 3 Bushy Park, Ellendale, Macquarie Plains. Betula spp. birch 1 Oatlands. Betula pendula Silver birch 2 Beaconsfield 3, Trevallyn. Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar 1 Queens Domain. Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca’ Blue Atlas Cedar 1 Queens Domain. Cedrus deodora Indian cedar 1 Queens Domain. Cedrus libani Lebanon cedar 1 Queens Domain. Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering gum 1 North Motton. Bellerive Rifle Club, Cornwell, Cressy, Dysart, Jericho, Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress 7 Nubeena, Southport. Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress 1 Queens Domain. Fraxinus spp. Ash 1 Ouse. Fraxinus augustifolia var. oxycarpa ‘Raywoodii’ Claret Ash 1 Bothwell. Liquidambar Styraciflua Liquidamber 1 East Launceston. Picea spp. Spruce 1 North Motton. Pinus spp. pine 2 Bagdad, Bream Creek., Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine 1 Launceston 1., Pinus lambertiana Sugar pine 1 Bothwell. Pinus radiata Monterey pine 3 Apsley, Jericho, Taranna. Platanus spp plane 2 Beaconsfield 2, Longford. Platanus occidentalis American plane 1 Rokeby. Japanese Flowering Prunus serrulata Cherry 2 East Launceston, Trevallyn. Prunus subhirtella Weeping cherry 1 Trevallyn. Quercus spp. oak 4 Beaconsfield 1, Bishopsbourne, Exton, Longford., Quercus robur English oak 4 Bream Creek, Lefroy, Rokeby, Trevallyn. Common Lime Tilia europaea (Linden) 1 Trevallyn. Ulmus spp. elm 1 Carrick. Unknown 36 See Table 5.26

70 5.6 Victoria

312 memorial avenues have been identified in Victoria. Of these, 46 (15%) were surveyed by council. 14 (4%) were surveyed by the local RSL branch or interested individuals. These results can be found in Chapter 6.

5.6.1. Locations, Tree Details, Signs and Plaques

The specific location of most avenues is known. Only 90 (29%) avenues have no location information other than suburb or town available. Further investigation is needed in these cases. Memorial avenues are commonly located on what was the entrance to, or the main road through, the town.

The avenues are most frequently described as double rows of trees although single rows exist and even a double circle at Maldon. The number of trees in each avenue varies from less than 10 to well over 1000. The largest avenue is Ballarat with 3771 trees. This is also the largest avenue in Australia. In 190 (61%) cases it is not known how many trees were originally planted and information is not available on how many trees are left in 198 (63%) cases.

At least 69 different tree species have been used in Victoria’s avenues. Multiple species use is particularly common among the larger avenues. The most commonly used species was the Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa). Gums (Eucalyptus spp.) and oaks (Quercus spp.) were also common. Further investigation is needed to identify trees in 156 (50%) avenues. 33 of the species used in Victoria have not been identified in memorial avenues in any other state, such as the Walnut (Juglans regia) trees at Tourello. This is not suprising given the large number of avenues in Victoria and the variety of species found.

53 avenues are reportedly signposted and at least 93 originally had memorial plaques. Of these only 12 are known to still have all their tree plaques in place and at least 44 have lost all of their plaques. Further investigation is need into many avenues to identify and signs, plaques or other markers.

Many of the current avenues have had some or all of the original trees replaced and many currently require restoration such as Docker Plains and Goomalibee.

71

FIG 5.3: WALNUT TREES AT TOURELLO. (SUE HUGHES 2004)

5.6.2 Commemoration, History and Associations

The avenue at Eurack, planted in 1916 was the earliest memorial avenue planted for WW1 in Victoria and one of the first planted in Australia. A large number of avenues were planted in 1917 and in all, 123 (39%) avenues were planted before 1920. Only 11 (4%) new avenues have been planted since 1990.

The majority of avenues were planted for WW1, at least 70%. 5 (2%) avenues were planted specifically for the Vietnam War and at least 2 (1%) avenues were planted to commemorate the Boer War.

Frequently the memorial was for all those who served although some only commemorated the fallen. Such details are yet to be identified for the majority of avenues.

72 Overall only a few avenues are recognised by the National Trust of Victoria as follows:

• Ballarat (1) • Drik Drik • Moyston • Nathalia • Newstead • Shepparton • Tourello • Traralgon • Wallan • Wandin North • Woodend (1)

34 (11%) avenues are reported to be complete and a further 5 (2%) have been expanded from their original number of trees. 33 (11%) avenues are known to have been destroyed.

Further investigation is needed into the history of many avenues although some such as Ballarat (1) are very well recorded.

In 43 (14%) cases RSL clubs associated with the trees have been identified although it cannot be confirmed if these branches are still active. A few community groups and historical societies have been identified as having an interest in some avenues but it is likely that more exist to be identified. Further local investigation is needed to identify any other references and to fill the remaining gaps in the following tables.

73 TABLE 5.15: VIC MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATIONS, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES

Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Addington Addington 46 Plaque Allans Flat Memorial Dr Allans Flat Cypress (Cupressus spp.) Amphitheatre Amphitheatre No signs. Anglesea Anglesea 72 Apsley Wallace St Apsley Apsley Hall. 2 Oak (Quercus spp.) Arthurs Creek Arthurs Creek Avoca York Ave Avoca Trees originally had tree guards and individual Sign and plaques. Tree Double row Bacchus Trees originally Dutch elm (Ulmus x flagpoles guards now Bacchus Marsh Bacchus Marsh of trees. 282 240 Marsh Rd had guards. hollandica) at start of removed. Some Tree guards. avenue. plaques were lost over time. All have recently been replaced. Bairnsdale Bairnsdale All trees had Ballangeich Ballangeich Tree guards. 30 name plates.

The Ballarat Avenue of Honour Management Strategy Plan (1997) identified species used as follows – Acacia (Wattle) 3, Acer (Maple) 8, Alnus (Alder) All trees are 3, Betula (Birch) 1, Crataegus 22km long individually (Hawthorn) 3, Eucalyptus starting from dedicated with (Gum) 1, Fraxinus (Ash) 155, Learmonth St Avenue trees are bronze plaques. Remembrance Double row Plantanus (Plane) 11, Populus Signs at Alfredton to suffering from These plaques Ballarat (1) Dr and Ballarat or trees. 3771 3771 (Poplar) 1252, Quercus (Oak) both ends Learmonth- the prolonged often suffer Avenue Rd Tree guards. 26, Sorbus (Rowan) 52, of avenue. Weatherboard drought. damage from Taxodium (Swamp Cypress) Rd, vehicles of 2, Tilia (Linden) 19, Ulmus Weatherboard. mowing (Elm) 1795. Recent activities. replacement of trees has altered this. Many Poplars have been removed. New planting mostly Quercus and Fraxinus varieties

74 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Avenue of Honour in Ballarat (2) Ballarat Ballarat Gardens. Grounds of Ballarat (3) Ballarat Ballarat High School. Ballarat East Ballarat (4) Ballarat Ave Beaufort Ballarat (5) Beaufort Ave Ballarat Avenue 49 Railway. Ballarat (6) Ballarat Black Hill. Eureka Ballarat (7) Ballarat Stockade Ave Ballarat (8) Hill St Ballarat Near ≈110 Ballarat East Melbourne Rd Ballarat East Woodmans ≈70 0 hill. St Marks Balnarring Balnarring Rd Balnarring Anglican 33 Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) Church. Bandiana Bandiana Barnawartha Barnawartha No signs. Barrys Reef Barrys Reef 19 elms (Ulmus spp.) Bass Bass Conifers Hybrid Black Poplar (Populus x Signs at Double row Beaconsfield High St Beaconsfield 123 118 canadensis robusta and both ends of trees. Populus deltoides) of avenue. Coulson St & Beeac Beeac Wallace St Poplars may be 103 New Sliver poplar early (Populus alba 'Pyramidialis'), Beaufort Western Hwy Beaufort 285 replacement 176 English Elm (Ulmus trees for the procera), 6 Pinoak (Quercus original elms. palustris). Concrete Between Avenue block ≈28- Benalla Barkly St Benalla Church St and 0 destroyed due to Silky oak (Grevillia robusta) marks 30 Bridge St. modernisation. 'Avenue of Honour'.

75 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Bentleigh Bentleigh Public reserve. 97 Berrys Creek Berrys Creek Stone tablet Between marks the Palmerston St Single row Pin Oak (Quercus palustris), avenue Berwick (1) Church St Berwick 9 7 and Brisbane of trees English Oak (Quercus robur) and lists St. those commemo rated. Gaps in the avenue have Wilson St and Double row been filled with Pin Oak (Quercus palustris), Berwick (2) Berwick ≈35 Scanlon St of trees. various species. English Oak (Quercus robur) Trees originally had guards. Beulah Beulah Mineral Blackwood Blackwood 80 2 Pines (Pinus spp.) Springs Park. Bonnie Doon Bonnie Doon Some trees were North West of replaced in the Goroke. Town first couple of No plaques Booropki Booropki Tree guards. 35 gums (Eucalyptus spp.) no longer years. Trees remain. exists. were locally raised. Box Hill Station St Box Hill 0 Trees originally Branxholme Branxholme 60 had individual plaques. Broadford White St Broadford Trees originally Broadmeadow Broadmeadows Main St Tree guards. had individual s plaques. Town no Browns Plains Doolans Rd Browns Plains 30 longer exists. Buangor Buangor

Buchan South Buchan South No signs.

Bullarook Main Rd Bullarook

76 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Brass plaques 47 original trees naming a district remain. volunteer were Replacements attached to the have been Opposite side picket fences Single row planted recently Sign at of the road to around the trees. Buln Buln Old Sale Rd Buln Buln of trees. ≈50 to replace losses English elm (Ulmus procera) start of the Primary These were still Tree guards. from disease and avenue. School. in place in 1954 road deviation. but were Trees originally removed since surrounded by by persons picket fence. unknown. Bundalaguah Bundalaguah Botanic Buninyong Buninyong Tree guards. 130 6 Gardens. Obelisk Trees originally Mount Scopus Burwood Burwood 115 marks had individual College. avenue. plaques. Byaduk- Byaduk Byaduk Penshurst Rd Cambrian Hill Cambrian Hill 62 Campbells Campbells Main St Creek Creek From public Flowering gum (Euclyptus Campbelltown Campbelltown hall to main 33 ficifolia) road. Double row Monterey Cypress (Cupressus Caramut Brown St Caramut Near RSL Hall. 12 10 of trees. macrocarpa) Point Nepean Avenue removed No plaques Caulfield Rd and North Caufield 432 0 in the 1960s for remain. Rd road widening.

Last trees Trees originally Point Nepean removed in 1968 gums (Eucalyptus spp.) and Cheltenham Cheltenham 0 had individual Rd for road palms plaques. widening.

From Pyrenees Hwy along Chewton Fryers Rd Chewton elms (Ulmus spp.) west side of Fryers Rd.

77 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Few trees remain. Entire northern row missing. Portuguese oak (Quercus Clayton Carinish Rd Clayton 0 Remaining trees faginea) severely pruned under powerlines. Market St Cobram Cobram 18 andHay Ave Trees originally had copper Coburg Lake Coburg Coburg 170 plates with Reserve. name, number and rank.

Coimadai Coimadai

St John's Colac Colac Anglican Church.

Maroondah Coldstream Hwy, Lilydale Coldstream extension

40 pines and 40 cypress originally Double row Monterey pine (Pinus radiata), Many trees still planted. 18 pines Coleraine Glenelg Hwy Coleraine of trees. 80 47 Monterey cypress (Cupressus had plaques in and 2 cypress Tree guards. macrocarpa). 1985. replaced in the first year.

Double row Trees originally Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus Most trees have Corryong Hanson St Corryong 100 ≈60 of trees. had guards. libani) plaques.

Timber Monterey pine (Pinus radiata), Rokewood- Double row sign No plaques Corindhap Corindhap Monterey cypress (Cupressus Ballarat Rd of trees. marks remain. macrocarpa). avenue.

78 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Trees were added over time to commemorate South later conflicts. English oak (Quercus robur), Double row Few plaques Cranbourne Gippsland Cranbourne 59 172 Replacement Portuguese oak (Quercus of trees. remain. Hwy trees have been faginea) planted within the last 10 years. Yarima Rd, New Station Cressy Cressy and Lyons Sts. Avenue Trees originally Creswick- Dutch elm (Ulmus x Creswick Creswick 286 marked by had individual Newstead Rd hollandica) signs. plaques. Croydon Kitchiner Ave Croydon Plane (Platanus spp.), elm Cudgewa Cudgewa 64 (Ulmus spp.) Corner of Portarlington Curlewis Curlewis and Curlewis Rds Along highway from Dandenong Dandenong 0 gums (Eucalyptus spp.) Dandenong Creek. Plaque Wapling Ave, Many trees with Single row Greenham St removed. 9 trees Atlantic cedar (Cedrus names Dartmoor Dartmoor of trees. 60 few All plaques lost. and Lindsay turned into atlantica) and map Tree guards. Rd carvings in 1998. of original avenue. Sycamore (Acer pseudoplantanus), Copper Double row sign Raglan Street, Sycamore (Acer Daylesford Daylesford of trees. 218 marks All plaques lost. Midland Hwy pseudoplantanus Tree guards. avenue 'Purpureum'), Spanish Chestnut (Castanea satiua)

Trees in Dean Dean School drive. Derrinallum Derrinallum Cypress (Cupressus spp.)

79 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Obelisk All plaques Casterton- Double row Avenue restored marks Digby Digby 99 97 elm (Ulmus spp.) replaced in Portland Rd of trees. in 1991. start of 1991. avenue. Diggers Rest Diggers Rest Trees in High Dimboola Dimboola School drive. Adjacent to Avenue trees in Sugar gum (Eucalyptus Signs at Boorhamen site of old Double row No plaques Docker Plains Docker Plains 19 very poor cladocalyx), Mahogany gum both ends Rd Primary of trees. remain. condition. (Eucalyptus botryoides) of avenue. School. Donald Byrne St Donald 18 West side of street between Avenue removed Doncaster East Mahogany gum (Eucalyptus No plaques Blackburn Rd Doncaster East George St and 45-50 0 for road (Original) botryoides) remain. Zerbes widening. reserve. Zerbes reserve Brushbox (Lophostemen Doncaster East adjacent to Double row Blackburn Rd Doncaster East 27+ confertus), Flowering Gums (Replacement) Saxon Wood of trees. (Corymbia ficifolia) Dr.

Drik Drik- Opposite state Morton Bay fig (Ficus Drik Drik Drik Drik 17 Nelson Rd school. macrophylla)

From Albert St Double row Flowering Gums (Corymbia Drouin Princes Way Drouin to MacDonald ≈200 74 of trees. ficifolia) St.

Original trees were eucalypts. Between Eyles Daylesford- These were gums (Eucalyptus spp.) then Drummond Drummond Ln and Tree guards. 50 46 No signs. Malmsbury Rd removed and elms (Ulmus spp.) Lauriston Rd. replaced with elms circa 1930.

Reserve near Dunolly Dunolly railway station.

80 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Sign marks avenue but is off Midland Eganstown Eganstown 0 Multiple species unclear Hwy which trees are commem- orative. The remaining trees have been lopped for powerline Double row clearance. Sugar gum (Eucalyptus Eldorado (1) Main St Eldorado 46 3 of trees. Avenue trees are cladocalyx) in very poor condition. Trees originally had guards. All trees originally had plaques. None Sign at Double row remain. A single Eldorado (2) Memorial Ave Eldorado 8 5 Silky oak (Grevillia robusta) start of of trees. plaque was avenue. erected by Scouts in the 1960s. On road Single row One tree has Monterey Cypress (Cupressus Most plaques lost Ellerslie Hopkins Hwy Ellerslie 30 29 reserve. of trees. been cut down. macrocarpa) over time. Elmhurst Pyrenees Hwy Elmhurst 40 pine (Pinus spp.) Current trees are Between Double row clearly Trees originally London plane (Platanus x Eltham Main Rd Eltham Dalton St and of trees. 100+ 22 replacements for had individual acerifolia) Brougham St. Tree guards. the original plaques. avenue. Emerald (1) Heroes' Ave Emerald 23 0 oak (Quercus spp.)

Emerald- Emerald (2) Emerald Monbulk Rd

Trees originally Epsom, Cotton Palm (Washingtonia Epsom 17 had individual Bendigo filifera) plaques.

81 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments From Orford to The council Sign Afton Sts, near Essendon The Boulevard Essendon 70 planted new Cypress (Cupressus spp.) marked Aberfeldie trees in 2001. avenue. Park. South side of road in front of Single row Dutch elm (Ulmus x Concrete cross at Eurack Eurack Rd Eurack 20 20 Eurack School of trees. hollandica) each tree site. Oriental plane (Platanus Euroa (1) Hume Hwy Euroa 133 orientalis) Euroa (2) Euroa Fairfield- Fairfield-

Alphington Alphington Ferny Creek Anzac Ave Ferny Creek Trees originally Footscray Geelong Rd Footscray Near RSL club. 100s gums (Eucalyptus spp.) had individual plaques. All trees originally had plaques. These are now Trees removed embedded in the Double row when road was Frankston Nepean Hwy Frankston 0 flower beds of trees. widened in the along the 1960's. dividing strip of the highway north of Beach St. Garibaldi Garibaldi Deciduous trees Geelong North Melbourne Rd Geelong North Gellibrand Gellibrand Some trees have Algerian oak (Quercus Sign at All trees have Double row recently been canariensis), English oak Gembrook Redwood Rd Gembrook 27 start of individual of trees. removed and will (Quercus robur) and unknown avenue plaques. be replaced. oak (Quercus spp.)

Glen Lyon Glen Lyon

Monterey Cypress (Cupressus Glendaruel Glendaruel macrocarpa)

Around sports Glenpatrick Glenpatrick pine (Pinus spp.) reserve.

82 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments 10 White Cedar (Melia Baddaginnie- Avenue trees in Sign at All trees have Single row azedarach), 15 pines (Pinus Goomalibee Goomalibee Goomalibee ≈30 28 very poor start of individual of trees. spp.), 3 gums (Eucalyptus Rd condition. avenue plaques. spp.) Goornong Midland Hwy Goornong Flowering Gums (Corymbia Grantville Grantville ficifolia) Single row Grassmere Grassmere Rd Grassmere 48 7 English Oak (Quercus robur) of trees. Between Trees maintained Great Western Western Hwy Great Western Stawell and by council. Ararat. Greenwald Greenwald 20 pine (Pinus spp.) Plaques on two Buninyong- Double row stone seats give Canadian elm (Ulmus Grenville Mount Mercer Grenville of trees. 42 ≈35 names of americana) Rd Tree guards. soldiers commemorated. 20 plane trees Between removed by Vic Ash (Fraxinus spp.) and Plane Railway bridge Double row Guildford Midland Hwy Guildford 70 63 Roads and (Platanus spp.). Replaced with and Loddan of trees. replaced with Pin Pinoak (Quercus palustris). River bridge. oaks. Trees removed Haddon Haddon 0 in 1995 or 1996.

Along Grange Plaques present Hamilton (1) Hamilton creek. in nature strip

Hamilton (2) Hamilton

Trees lost or Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria Hampton Beach Rd Hampton ≈60 0 removed by heterophylla) 1960s

Happy Valley Happy Valley

Some trees replaced in Harcourt High St Harcourt 2004. Trees Cedar (Cedrus spp.) maintained by council.

83 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Memorial Some trees have Trees have East side of Single row Flowering Gums (Corymbia stone Harkaway Harkaway Rd Harkaway 29 been replaced individual road. of trees. ficifolia) marks with oaks. nameplates. avenue. Original Mahogany gum (Eucalyptus Mahogany Gums botryoides). Replacements Hawthorn, West end of St Wood St Hawthorn 30 30 replaced by Brushbox (Lophostemon Melbourne James Park. Brushbox and confertus) and Yellow gum Yellow gum. (Eucalyptus leucoxylon). Outside Hawthorn Hawthorn Primary West West School. Maroondah Healesville Hwy, Lilydale Healesville extension Heidelberg Hiedelberg Only 2 original Originally alternating trees remain Peppercorns (Schinus aeria Webster St (Peppercorn var. molle) and Cootamundra Obelisk Double row Hexham (1) (Hamilton Hexham trees), all others Wattles (Acacia baileyana), marks of trees. Hwy) have been replacements Monterey avenue. replaced with cypress (Cupressus cypress. macrocarpa) Double row Monterey Cypress (Cupressus Hexham (2) Farie St Hexham of trees. macrocarpa) Highett Nepean Hwy Highett Trees originally Warracknabea Sugar gum (Eucalyptus Hopetoun Hopetown 70 few had individual l Rd cladocalyx) plaques. Bronze McPherson St Trees removed plaque (Western No plaques Horsham (1) Horsham for road marks Hwy) and remain. widening. Memorial McBryde St Drive. Only section Plaque on Between between Dollicraft Double row Horsham (2) Roberts Ave Horsham Darlot St and ≈80 Urquhart St and English elm (Ulmus procera) south wall of trees. McPherson St. McPherson St marks remains. avenue. Double row Kurrajong (Brachychiton Hotspur Hotspur 40 of trees. populeous) Hurstbridge Anzac Ave Hurstbridge

84 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Inverleigh Inverleigh Cypress (Cupressus spp.) Jarrahmond Jarrahmond 18 English oak (Quercus robur) Jeparit Jeparit Sugar gum (Eucalyptus Kangaroo Flat Calder Hwy Kangaroo Flat cladocalyx) Kangaroo Hills Kangaroo Hills Trees originally Sugar gum (Eucalyptus Kaniva Kaniva 27 had individual cladocalyx) plaques.

There may have been more trees originally before 9 English elm (Ulmus Kardella Double row the road was No plaques Kardella Kardella 15 15 procera), 6 Golden ash Fairbank Rd of trees. realigned. remain. (Fraxinus excelsior 'Aurea') Avenue trees in very poor condition.

English oak (Quercus robur), Kiewa Kiewa 100 English elm (Ulmus procera)

Sign at White start of nameplates with avenue, From the black lettering on monumen Midland Hwy each tree with Creswick- Double row Dutch elm (Ulmus x t at corner Kingston Kingston to Stag Rd, 286 285 name rank and Kingston Rd of trees. hollandica) of just south of battalion shown. Kingston Kingston. Plaques were and replaced in Victoria 2000. Road.

Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Bunya Pine There have been All trees Wonnthaggi (Araucaria bidwillii), Lombardy Signs at Double row several originally had Kongwak Korumburra Kongwak 70 Poplar (Populus nigra), Turkey both ends of trees. replacement plaques. Some Rd oak (Quercus laevis), Pinoak of avenue. trees planted. remain. (Quercus palustris), English oak (Quercus robur).

85 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments 19 Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia), 1 Double row No plaques Koorooman Hydes Rd Koorooman 23 Algerian oak (Quercus of trees. remain. canariensis), 3 English elm (Ulmus procera). Poplar trees removed in 1959. Uncertain Originally Poplar trees Anzac Ave if London plane (Populus spp.), current trees Koroit (formerly Koroit 23 20 trees were London Plane (Platanus x Albert St) planted as acerifolia) replacements or not. 50 Trees originally Double row WW1 Sugar gum (Eucalyptus Kotupna Kotupna Rd Kotupna 58 had individual of trees. 22 cladocalyx) plaques. WW2 Signs at Old Calder No plaques Kyneton Kyneton Pinoak (Quercus palustris) both ends Hwy remain. of avenue. Trees removed. Between 6 Stumps Plaques moved Lakes Barkes Ave transformed into Monterey Cypress (Cupressus Lakes Entrance Marine Pde 26 0 to stone cairn Entrance and Carstairs sculptures. macrocarpa) near sculptures. Ave. Rededicated in 1999. Road to Landsborough Landsborough gum (Eucalyptus spp.) sportsground.

From Waverley Double row 98 Monterey Cypress (Cupressus Lara Walkers Rd Lara Rd to Curletts 98 of trees. (93?) macrocarpa) Rd.

English oak (Quercus robur), Plaque English elm (Ulmus procera), with 234 At Ryans Rd, Dutch elm (Ulmus x Sunraysia Double row names Learmonth Learmonth 2km south of 222 ≈222 hollandica), Scotch elm Hwy of trees. listed Learmonth. (Ulmus glabra), Purple-leaved marks elm (Ulmus x hollandica avenue. 'Purpurascens)

86 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments English oak (Quercus robur), The plaque at Yarragon Rd, North-east English elm (Ulmus procera), Sign at Double row the start of the Leongatha Wild Dog Leongatha side exit from 240 100 Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus start of of trees. avenue list all Valley Rd town. castanifolia), Algerian oak avenue. names. (Quercus canariensis). West side Trees were not between Sign in individually highway and the middle marked. An Sunraysia Burnbank Trees originally of the Lexton Lexton 45 45 Cypress (Cupressus spp.) honour board Hwy creek. 500m had guards. avenue listed the north of the facing the commemorated Lexton highway. soldiers. crossroads. May never Lilydale Lilydale have been planted. Trees originally had individual Sign at Limestone Rd Double row plaques. These Limestone Limestone On the corner. 12 11 oak (Quercus spp.) start of and Langs Rd of trees. were destroyed avenue. in a bushfire in 1969. Double row English oak (Quercus robur), Linton Denison St Linton ≈100 44 of trees. English elm (Ulmus procera) Lismore Lismore 180 Trees originally Loch Loch Sports ground. had individual plaques. Library Paddock (now Double row Moreton Bay fig (Ficus Lorne Lorne 0 Football of trees. macrophylla) Ground). Original plaques Corner Original trees lost. Replaced Lysterfield 4 English oak (Quercus largely missing. when avenue Lysterfield and Lysterfield 14 14 robur), 10 Silky oak (Grevillia Avenue restored was restored and Wellington robusta) in 1995. others added for Rds other wars.

Single row Commem- No plaques Macedon Honour Ave Macedon of trees. 154 154 Pinoak (Quercus palustris) orative remain. Tree guards. plaque.

87 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Mont Park Bronze Macleod, grounds Single row pine (Pinus spp.) and Sugar tablet MacLeod Cherry St ≈75 42 Melbourne parallel to of trees. gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx) marks road. avenue. A commemorative Maffra Sale Rd Maffra 139 plaque on a rock marks the avenue. 2 double Spring St, rows of Mahogany Gum (Eucalyptus Trees originally No plaques Maldon Chapel St and Maldon Anzac Hill. trees and a 70 53 botryoides) and Monterey pine had guards. remain. Grey St double circle (Pinus radiata). of trees. Burke St and Kurrajong (Brachychiton No plaques Malvern Malvern East Central Park. 185 8? Wattletree Rd populous) remain. Mansfield Mansfield 3 Canary Island Date plams Marong Marong 6 6 (Phoenix canariensis), 3 other plams (Phoenix spp.). Trees are Double row London plane (Platanus x Maroondah Kitchener Ave Maroondah maintained by of trees. acerifolia) council. South Gippsland Single row Flowering Gums (Corymbia No plaques Meeniyan Meeniyan 21 Hwy and of trees. ficifolia) remain. Geale St Merino Annersley St? Merino Trees originally Metung Metung Tree guards. 6 had copper name plates. Mickleham Rd Sugar gum (Eucalyptus Signs at Single row Avenue restored Most trees have Mickleham and Mt Ridley Mickleham On the corner. ≈50 cladocalyx), River Red gum both ends of trees. in 2002. plaques. Rd (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) of avenue.

Mature trees, Large sign Trees were not Main road Double row Sugar gum (Eucalyptus Mildura Deakin Ave Mildura heavily identifies individually through town. of trees. cladocalyx) pollarded. avenue. dedicated.

Trees originally Warburton Millgrove Millgrove Tree guards. had individual Hwy plaques.

88 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Monument Monterey Cypress (Cupressus Miners Rest Miners Rest marked macrocarpa) avenue. Whitehorse Trees removed Mitcham Micham 0 Rd in 1936. Cape Otway 32 cypress (Cupressus spp.). Modewarre Modewarre 33 Rd 1 elm (Ulmus spp.) Monbulk Moores Rd Monbulk 1 26 Cypress pines (Cupressus spp.), 8 Oriental planes (Platanus orientalis), 6 English Sign at Stawell-Avoca Double row Trees originally No plaques Moonambel Moonambel 52 47 oak (Quercus robur), 6 start of Rd of trees. had guards. remain. English elm (Ulmus procera), avenue. 6 Silky oaks (Grevillia robusta). Moonee Ponds Monterey Cypress (Cupressus Moonee Ponds Queens Park. (1) macrocarpa) Moonee Ponds Moonee Ponds 58 (2) Moorabbin Nepean Hwy Moorabbin Moriac Moriac Stone From Vale St Avenue memorial Double row No plaques Mornington Main Rd Mornington to the Pt 0 destroyed by at one end of trees. remain. Nepean Rd. road widening. of the avenue.

Double row Trees originally Some trees are Monterey Cypress (Cupressus Mortlake Hamilton Hwy Mortlake of trees. 146 196 had individual replacements. macrocarpa) Tree guards. plaques.

Mount Evelyn Mount Evelyn 0

Trees have been severely pruned Between Fleet beneath Mount Mount Double row Portuguese oak (Quercus No plaques High St St and Baringa ≈28 13 powerlines. Waverley Waverley of trees. faginea) remain. Rd. Entire north row removed for road widening.

89 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Signs at Some trees have Double row both ends Trees have Ararat-Halls East of died. Trees Moyston Moyston of trees. 53 55 Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata) of avenue individual Gap Rd Moyston. originally had Tree guards. erected in plaques. guards. 1933. Mumbannar Greenham St Mumbannar Reed, Gray Murrayville and McKenzie Murrayville 87 St Murtoa Murtoa Myrniong (1) Myrniong Myrniong- Myrniong (2) Myrniong Greendale Rd Nareeb Nareeb Single row Trees destroyed East of local Flowering Gums (Corymbia Naringal Main Rd Naringal of trees. 33 0 in Ash school. ficifolia) Tree guards. Wednesday fires. Memorial Trees originally Double row Trees originally Narre Warren Drive and Narre Warren 60 English Oak (Quercus robur) had individual of trees. had guards. Main St plaques. Blake St, Double row Kurrajong (Brachychiton Nathalia Nathalia 53? ≈50 Bromley St of trees. populous) Natte Yallock Natte Yallock 32 pine (Pinus spp.) Newlyn Newlyn few Deciduous spp. West of Clarks Trees maintained Signs at Lane. Western Double row Dutch elm (Ulmus x Newstead Pyrenees Hwy Newstead 70 by council. 0.8 both ends entrance to of trees. hollandica) km long avenue. of avenue. town. Scaresdale- Newtown Newtown Lismore Rd Nilma Princes Hwy Nilma English Oak (Quercus robur) North Geelong St Helen's Holden Ave North Geelong Ash (Fraxinus spp.) (1) Park. North Geelong Melbourne Rd North Geelong gums (Eucalyptus spp.) (2) London plane (Platanus x Notting Hill Blackburn Rd Notting Hill 0 acerifolia)

Tocumwal Rd Numurkah Numurkah and Pine St Oakleigh Drummond St Oakleigh Officer Officer

90 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Orbost Orbost A sign marking East side of road Monterey Cypress (Cupressus the All or most trees Port Fairy Rd Double row - Pines, West Orford Orford 22 20+ macrocarpa) and pines avenue still have (High St) of trees. side of road - (probably Pinus insignia). was plaques. Cypress. erected in 2002. Pakenham Pakenham

Upper Upper One tree has been Paynesville Esplanade Paynesville 2 transformed into a statue. Pearcedale Pearcedale Hamilton East of Penshurst Hwy, Scales Penshurst Penshurst. St Plenty Plenty Piggoreet Piggoreet Adjacent to Port Fairy Griffiths St Port Fairy Moyne River. Puckapunyal Main entrance Flowering Gums (Corymbia Puckapunyal 100 (1) to Army camp. ficifolia) Puckapunyal Around parade Mahogany gum (Eucalyptus Puckapunyal 60 (2) ground. botryoides) Sugar gum (Eucalyptus Pyramid Hill Kelly St Pyramid Hill 20 cladocalyx) Many trees lost from south side Double row Monterey Cypress (Cupressus Queenscliffe Flinders St Queenscliffe few of road. Only of trees. macrocarpa) remnants of avenue remain. Redbank Redbank Red Bluff Red Bluff

Roadside adjacent to the Signs at Most trees have golf club Double row Kurrajong (Brachychiton Robinvale Latje Rd Robinvale 248 248 both ends individual between of trees. populous) of avenue. plaques. Adcock and Lawerena Rds.

91 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Rokewood Rokewood Trees originally Rokewood Double row Rokewood 67 had individual Junction of trees. plaques. Ross Creek Ross Creek Tree guards. Rossbridge Rossbridge Rowsley Rowsley Rushworth Rushworth Sale East Sale East Trees originally North Rd, Flowering Gums (Corymbia Sandringham Sandringham Tree guards. had individual Nepean Hwy ficifolia) plaques. Sassafras Sassafras Acacia (Acacia spp.) Scarsdale- Glenelg Hwy Scarsdale Newtown

The avenue Birdwood Ave began struggling Sebastopol Sebastopol Tree guards. 279 0 and Grant St very soon after planting.

Seville Warburton Rd Seville Tree guards. few

Seymour Anzac Ave Seymour ≈115 0

779 River Red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), 44 Lemon scented gum Avenue extends (Corymbia citriodora), 298 Memorial plates for 19km. Young Sugar gum (E. cladocalyx), 68 were attached to trees were Double row Yellow gum (E.leucoxylon), Signs at around 110 trees originally Goulburn Murchison to of trees both 205 Spotted gum (Corymbia both ends near the homes Shepparton 2457 2441 protected by tree Valley Hwy Shepparton sides of the maculata), 232 Yellow Box (E. marks of the relevant guards. The highway. melliodora), 264 Grey Box (E. avenue. servicemen after trees are planted microcarpa), 297 Red Box (E. the completion between 21 and polyanthemos), 232 Red of the avenue. 24m apart. Ironbark (E. sideroxylon), 22 unknown gums (Eucalyptus spp.).

92 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) and Original trees English elm (Ulmus procera). elms removed. Replaced with Monterey pine Sign at Western entry Double row No plaques Skipton Glenelg Hwy Skipton 169 171 Replanted twice, (Pinus radiata) and Oriental start of to town. of trees. remain. in 2000 and plane (Platanus orientalis), avenue. 2007. replaced with Silky oak (Grevillea robusta). Smythesdale Entrance to Double row Smythesdale 122 (1) township. of trees. Smythesdale Brooke St Smythesdale elm (Ulmus spp.) (2) Carngham- Main road of Triple row of Monterey Cypress (Cupressus No plaques Snake Valley Snake Valley 146 146 Linton Rd township. trees. macrocarpa) remain. Plaques have Council removed been 'missing' Eramosa Rd most of the trees Somerville Somerville ≈4-6 Plane (Platanus spp.) since the and Station St at an unknown removal of the time. trees. Kingston Kingston Springmount Springmount Roadside. Roadside. Poplar (Populus spp.), Holly King George's oak (Quercus ilex), pine St Arnaud McMahon St St Arnaud ≈47 Park. (Pinus spp.) and gums (Eucalyptus spp.) Yackandandah Staghorn Flat -Woodonga Staghorn Flat Rd Trees have been Stockyard Hill Stockyard Hill 64 64 replaced as needed. The trees Between commemorating Stratford Princes Hwy Stratford Stratford and those who died Sale. have brass nameplates. Between Signs at Double row Monterey Cypress (Cupressus No plaques Strzelecki Warragul Rd Strzelecki Korumburra 12 12 both ends of trees. macrocarpa) remain. and Warragul. of avenue.

One tree was Sign at Single row Bunya pine (Araucaria No plaques Swanpool Midland Hwy Swanpool 13 replaced 10-15 start of of trees. bidwillii) remain. years ago. avenue.

93 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Swifts Creek Swifts Creek Talbot Amhurst Rd Talbot ≈1-2 All plaques removed and Single row placed in Tambo Upper Flowering Gums (Corymbia Tambo Upper of trees. 6 0 All trees died. community hall (Original) ficifolia) Tree guards. except one plaque lost in a flood. Driveway to All trees have Tambo Upper the Single row Flowering Gums (Corymbia Tambo Upper 6 6 individual (Replacement) Community of trees. ficifolia) plaques. Hall. Tanwood Tanwood Thomas Carr Tarneit Tarneit 50 College. Trees originally Main road The Heart The Heart Tree guards. 50 few gums (Eucalyptus spp.) had individual through town. plaques. Monterey Cypress (Cupressus The Sisters The Sisters macrocarpa), replaced by gums (Eucalyptus spp.) Thomastown No plaques Main St Thomastown 21 0 Plane (Platanus spp.) (Original) remain. All trees have Thomastown Heyington Heyington Oriental plane (Platanus Thomastown 21 21 individual (Replacement) Ave Reserve. orientalis) plaques. Thougla Thougla 0 0 Tintaldra Tintaldra 0 0 Behind Shire 6 trees have Sign at All trees have of Campaspe Double row Red Flowering Ironbark Tongala Mangan St Tongala 24 24 been replaced at start of individual Offices on of trees. (Eucalyptus tricarpa) different times. avenue. plaques. railway land. South Double row Trees are in very Mahogany gum (Eucalyptus No plaques Toora Gippsland Toora 60 of trees. poor health. botryoides) remain. Hwy

Torquay Torquay

More trees added South Double row over time. These Flowering Gums (Corymbia Tooradin Gippsland Tooradin 18 60 of trees. may not be ficifolia) Hwy commemorative.

94 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Trees heavily pruned in 1994. Bronze 1km west of Double row Powerlines run plaque Tourello Tourello Rd Tourello the Ascot to 40 36 Walnut (Juglans regia) of trees. along the north marks Clunes Rd. side of the avenue. avenue. Main street of Towong Towong 0 0 town. Trees have been Between English elm (Ulmus procera), Sign Trees were not Double row pollarded and Traralgon Kay St Traralgon Franklin St and 30 30 Dutch elm (Ulmus x marks individually of trees. require extensive Breed St. hollandica) avenue. dedicated. restructuring. Trawalla Trawalla Most of the trees Frankston Tyabb Tyabb few have been Hastings Rd removed. Trentham- Tylden Tylden elm (Ulmus spp.) Dalysford Rd Ullina Ullina Rd Ullina Violet Town Hyacinth St Violet Town Most trees Plane (Platanus spp.) and elm Wabba Wabba ≈100 most survive. (Ulmus spp.) High St Between Sign at Double row Purple leaved elm (Ulmus x No plaques Wallan (Northern Wallan Queen St and 62-67 52 start of of trees. hollandica 'Purpurescens') remain. Hwy) Watson St. avenue. Trees around No plaques Walwa off River Rd Walwa the remain. sportsground. Warburton Flowering Gums (Corymbia Wandin North Wandin North 30 Hwy ficifolia) A single plaque 15 Claret ash (Fraxinus Wangaratta- attached to a North side of Single row auguatifolia var. oxycarpa Wangaratta Whitfield Rd Wangaratta 28 rock lists Hume Hwy. of trees. ‘Raywoodii’), Golden ash (Murdoch Rd) deceased (Fraxinus excelsior 'Aurea') soldiers.

Some Row of trees in Warrion Warrion nameplates sportsground. remain.

Waterloo Waterloo pine (Pinus spp.)

95 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Corner of Moreton Bay fig (Ficus Adjacent to Princes Hwy All original trees macrophylla), pines (Pinus Waurn Ponds Waurn Ponds memorial 31 9 and died of old age. spp.) and gums (Eucalyptus reserve. Cochranes Rd spp.) Wedderburn Wedderburn South Double row 30 English Elm (Ulmus Trees originally No plaques Welshpool Gippsland Welshpool of trees. 84 40 procera), 10 London Plane had guards. remain. Hwy Tree guards. (Platanus x acerifolia) All trees originally had Werneth Werneth 10? individual plaques. Trees are in 14 Monterey Cypress decline. Some (Cupressus macrocarpa), 16 trees were Lambert's Cypress (Cupressus more recently macrocarpa 'Horizontalis Ballan Rd and Single row No plaques Werribee Werribee than 30-40 removed and Aurea'), replacements Bolton Rd of trees. remain. 30 replaced with Drooping Sheoak Drooping sheoak (Allocasuarina verticulata) and and Spotted Spotted gum (Corymbia gum. maculata). Whitfield Whitfield London Plane (Platanus x Church St, Avenue receives acerifolia), Silky oak All trees have Whittlesea (1) Walnut St and Whittlesea regular (Grevilliea robusta), other nameplates. Lime St maintenance. natives. Concrete Trees originally gateway had nameplates, Whittlesea (2) Whittlesea marks avenue now avenue. destroyed. Willaura Willaura Winslow Amiens Ave Winslow 35

Signs at Single row No plaques Wodonga Anzac Pde Wodonga 54 Pinoak (Quercus palustris) both ends of trees. remain. of avenue.

Trees originally had plaques but From Romsey English oak (Quercus robur), Sign these were Old Calder Double row Woodend (1) Woodend Rd to the ≈237 224 Algerian oak (Quercus marks removed and Hwy of trees. freeway. canariensis) avenue. kept at the Woodend RSL to stop vandalism.

96 Original Description Name Street Town Details OP AP Species Signs Plaques Features and Comments Woodend (2) Blackmore Rd Woodend Woodend (3) Tylden Rd Woodend Woodhouse- Woodhouse-

Nareeb Narbeeb Avenue removed Monterey cypress (Cupressus Woolsthorpe Manifold St Woolsthorpe 34 0 in 2005 by the macrocarpa) council. All trees originally had Woomelang Woomelang Sports ground. Tree guards Pines (Pinus spp.) individual plaques. Woodford Woodford few No township at Signs at Double row Trees originally 12 elms (Ulmus spp.), 8 oak No plaques Wooreen Yarragon Rd Mirboo North Wooreen 70 20 both ends of trees. had guards. (Quercus spp.) remain. anymore. of avenue. Trees were in poor health and Sugar gum (Eucalyptus Wunghnu Taylor St Wunghnu 0 were removed cladocalyx) during 2000s. Main road Plane (Platanus spp.), gums Yan Yean Yan Yean through Tree guards (Eucalyptus spp.) township. Yarra Glen Anzac Ave Yarra Glen Yendon Yendon Yarrawonga Belmore St Yarrawonga (1) and Orr St Yarrawonga Dunlop St and Yarrawonga (2) Pinniger St Yarrawonga Lemon scented gum Gilmore St Yarrawonga (3) (Corymbia citriodora) OP – Original planting, number of trees. AP – At present, number of trees.

Note: Where avenues were reported as destroyed the number of trees remaining was determined to be 0 if no other number was given.

97 TABLE 5.16: VIC MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES

Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups 25/04/ Ballarat City Personal communication - Jim Addington WW1 1991 Council Wallace 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Circa Indigo Shire Ltd (2008). Personal Allans Flat WW1 WW1? Council Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Haddow (1987). Authentic Pyrenese Circa Heritage Services Pty Ltd Amphitheatre WW1 Shire WW1 (2008). Personal Communication Council - Robert Christey, 2004. Haddow (1987). Authentic Surf Coast Circa Heritage Services Pty Ltd Anglesea WW1 Shire WW1 (2008). Personal Communication Council - Robert Christey, 2004. West Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Boer Wimmera Memorials in Australia 2007. Apsley 1902 Destroyed War Shire Authentic Heritage Services Pty Council Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Personal Nillumbik Communication - Robert Circa Arthurs Creek WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - Pyrenees Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Avoca 1918 WW1 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008).

Survey of War Memorials 1920- 21. Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. The avenue was established by the Moorabool Bacchus Local Partly Bacchus Personal Communication - 1918 WW1 local community in conjunction Shire Marsh recognition damaged. Marsh RSL Robert Christey, 2004. with the local council and the RSL. Council Moorabool Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

98 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups East Gippsland Authentic Heritage Services Pty Bairnsdale Shire Ltd (2008). Council The idea for the avenue came from the State School arbor day. The Haddow (1987). Survey of War Circa president of the shire donated the Moyne Shire Memorials 1920-21. Authentic Ballangeich WW1 1920 trees and the council provided the Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd tree guards. The money required (2008). was raised by public subscription. The avenue was instigated by Mrs W D Thompson during the first world war. Along with her co- workers at the E Lucas and Co Clothing Factory she raised the funds and organised the planting. There was a very large community Haddow (1987). Website - involvement and when completed Southwell-Keeley, War the avenue cost £2000 and the Memorials in Australia 2007. National Trust Arch of Victory £2600. This money Dargavel (1999). Authentic started All men from (Vic). State was made up entirely from Ballarat City Heritage Services Pty Ltd Ballarat (1) 3/6/ WW1 the area Recognition. Complete donations and fundraising efforts. Ballarat RSL Council (2008). Personal Communication 1917 who served. Local The first 500 trees were planted - Robert Christey, 2004. Ballarat Recognition. June 3rd 1917 and 7 more City Council - Survey Response, planting sessions followed over the Website - Register of the next 2 years. By August 1919 over National Trust 3,000 trees had been planted . The Avenue and the Arch were officially opened by HRH the Prince of Wales on the 3rd of June 1920. The avenue is still used for the ANZAC Day March and ceremonies on Remembrance Day. Ballarat City Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ballarat (2) 1924-27 WW1 Ballarat RSL Council Ltd (2008).

Ballarat City Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ballarat (3) Ballarat RSL Council Ltd (2008).

Ballarat City Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ballarat (4) 1917 WW1 Ballarat RSL Council Ltd (2008).

99 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Dargavel (1999). Authentic The avenue was planted by the Ballarat City Heritage Services Pty Ltd Ballarat (5) 1916-17 WW1 Ballarat North Progress Ballarat RSL Council (2008). Personal communication Association. - Jim Wallace 2004. Ballarat City Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ballarat (6) Ballarat RSL Council Ltd (2008). Ballarat City Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ballarat (7) Ballarat RSL Council Ltd (2008). Ballarat City Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ballarat (8) Ballarat RSL Council Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Authentic 1917- Ballarat City Heritage Services Pty Ltd Ballarat East WW1 Destroyed Ballarat RSL 1920 Council (2008). Personal communication - Jim Wallace 2004. Men from Other - Council Mornington the area Authentic Heritage Services Pty Balnarring 1918 WW1 Planning Peninsula who Ltd (2008). scheme. Council enlisted. Personal Communication - Wodonga Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Bandiana Vietnam City Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Circa Indigo Shire Barnawartha WW1 Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Moorabool Personal Communication - Barrys Reef 1919 WW1 Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Council

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Bass Coast 2/09/ Funds for the avenue were raised Communication - Robert Bass WW1 Shire 1919 by public subscription. Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

100 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups The avenue was planted by Miss Ada Armytage, a local Casey, City of (2001). Authentic City of Beaconsfield 1919 WW1 Complete philanthropist for Beaconsfield Heritage Services Pty Ltd Casey men who served their country in (2008). WW1. Personal Communication - Colac Otway Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Beeac 1917 WW1 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Website - Pyrenees Southwell-Keeley, War Circa Beaufort WW1 Shire Memorials in Australia 2007. WW1 Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985). Benalla RSL - Survey response. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Benalla The associated monument has Benalla Rural City Council - Survey Benalla 1932-33 ww1 Destroyed been moved to the memorial area Rural City Benalla RSL Response. Personal of the Benalla Botanical Gardens. Council Communication - Liam Cole 2008. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Circa For enlisted Funds for the avenue were raised Glen Eira Communication - Robert Bentleigh WW1 1920 from area. by public subscription. City Council Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

South Personal Communication - Gippsland Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Berrys Creek Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008).

Casey, City of (2001), Haddow For boys (1987). Survey of War from The avenue was planted by Memorials 1920-21. Personal Berwick Partly students from Berwick Grammar. City of Berwick (1) 1919 WW1 Communication - Robert Grammar damaged. The avenue remains a reunion site Casey Christey, 2004. Authentic School for former students. Heritage Services Pty Ltd killed. (2008).

101 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups The avenue was established by the Berwick Progress Association with Casey, City of (2001). Personal assistance from the local council Communication - Robert 1/08/ and community. Many local City of Berwick (2) WW1 Christey, 2004. Authentic 1918 residents donated trees and tree Casey Heritage Services Pty Ltd guards. The first tree was planted (2008). by Berwick Shire Councillor W. G. a'Beckett. Personal Communication - Yarriambiac Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Beulah k Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Moorabool 30/12/ Communication - Robert Blackwood WW1 Destroyed Shire 1919 Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Personal Mansfield Communication - Robert Bonnie Doon WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

The avenue was established by the local community. The preparation Website - Ballaratgenealogy.org and planting took place over (2003), several working bees with a West www.ballatratgeneaology.org.au 28/07/ ceremony attended by several Wimmera Booropki WW1 . Personal Communication - 1918 dignitaries for the dedication. The Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic town no longer exists but some Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd trees survive and it is known who (2008). the trees were dedicated to as well as who planted each tree.

Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Circa Whitehorse Box Hill WW1 Destroyed Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 City Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

102 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Survey of War Southern Memorials 1920-21. Personal 4/8/ The first £40 was raised by public Grampians Communication - Robert Branxholme WW1 1919 subscription. Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Mitchell Authentic Heritage Services Pty Broadford Shire Ltd (2008). Council Survey of War Memorials 1920- Broad- Hume City 1920 WW1 21. Authentic Heritage Services meadows Council Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Funds for the avenue were raised 2/7/ For enlisted Indigo Shire Communication - Robert Browns Plains WW1 by public subscription. Labour was 1920 from area. Council Christey, 2004. Authentic donated. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - Ararat Rural Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Buangor City Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). East Personal Communication - Gippsland Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Buchan South Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Moorabool Circa Communication - Robert Bullarook WW1 Labour was donated. Shire 1921 Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Baw Baw Baw Baw Shire Council - Survey Warragul Buln Buln ww1 Shire response. Authentic Heritage RSL Council Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Personal Wellington Communication - Robert Circa Bundalaguah WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

103 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal WW1 Destroyed Funds for the avenue were raised Ballarat City Communication - Robert Buninyong 1920 and . by public subscription. Council Christey, 2004. Authentic WW2 Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Age (Melbourne) 4/11/1959. 3/11/ Jewish Boroondara Burwood WW2 Authentic Heritage Services Pty 1959 memorial. City Council Ltd (2008). Southern Personal Communication - Grampians Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Byaduk 1918 WW1 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Funds for the avenue were raised 24/11/ Ballarat City Communication - Robert Cambrian Hill WW1 by public donations and 1917 Council Christey, 2004. Authentic fundraisers. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Mount Memorials 1920-21. Personal Campbells Funds for the avenue were raised Alexander Communication - Robert 1921 WW1 Creek by public subscription. Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Age (Melbourne) 23/07/1951. WW1 Volunteers Hepburn Personal Communication - Circa Campbelltown and for both Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic 1951 WW2 World Wars. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). The avenue was probably Partly Moyne Shire Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd Caramut 1920s WW1 established by the RSL in damaged. Council (2006). conjunction with council.

Haddow (1987). Southern Cross For the men 13/01/1965. Personal from the The avenue was established by the communication - James Cities of Town of Brighton and the City of Bayside City Larmour-Reid (Bayside City Caulfield 1918 WW1 Brighton and Destroyed Caulfield for soldiers from both Council Council), 16/02/2004. Personal Caulfield districts killed in WW1. Communication - Robert killed in Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008)

104 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Age (Melbourne) 23/04/1926. Standard News (Moorabbin) Kingston 17/07/1968. Personal Cheltenham 1926 WW1 Destroyed City Council Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Survey of War Memorials 1920- Mount 21. Personal Communication - Circa Alexander Chewton All Wars Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic 1920 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Gerner Consulting Group (1999). Monash City Personal Communication - Clayton 1920s WW1 Destroyed Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985). Herald (Melbourne) 23/04/1949. Personal Communication - A local grazier, Mr H. D. Hay, paid Moira Shire Cobram 1949 WW2 Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic for the avenue. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal For fallen 30/08/ The avenue was established by the Moreland Communication - Robert Coburg WW1 soldiers 1918 local council. City Council Christey, 2004. Authentic from district. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Melton Shire Personal Communication - Coimadai Council Robert Christey, 2004. Colac Otway Circa Authentic Heritage Services Pty Colac WW1 Shire 1919 Ltd (2008). Council Haddow (1987). Survey of War 7/9/ Yarra Memorials 1920-21. Personal 1919 or For enlisted Ranges Communication - Robert Coldstream WW1 26/07/ from area. Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic 1918 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

105 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Dickins (1985). Southern Personal Communication - Post Partly Grampians Coleraine WW1 Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic 1919 damaged. Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). The avenue was established by the Towong Cooryong Courier 12/08/1964. August Partly local community. The avenue was Corryong WW1 Shire Towong Shire Council - Survey 1918 damaged. opened by the oldest resident of Council Response. the district. The avenue was established by the residents of Corindhap. There was Haddow (1987). Dickins (1985). a major problem with cattle in the Golden Personal Communication - 15/09/ For those Corindhap WW1 first few years and many trees Plains Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic 1917 who served. were lost. The tree guards were Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd eventually enlarged and barbed (2008). wire added to solve the problem.

Casey, City of (2001), Haddow Original (1987), Website - Southwell- dedication WW1 Keeley, War Memorials in for soldiers 9/07/ and The avenue was planted by the City of Australia 2007. Dickins (1985). Cranbourne and two Expanded 1919 later Cranbourne Patriotic Association. Casey Personal Communication - nurses from conflicts Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic the district Heritage Services Pty Ltd who served. (2008).

Personal Communication - Colac Otway Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Cressy 1918 WW1 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Website - Australian Heritage Commission (1999) Hepburn www.environment.gov.au/cgi- 18/12/ For those Creswick WW1 Shire bin/heritage/register.html. 1927 who served. Council Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

106 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Maroondah Authentic Heritage Services Pty Croydon WW1 Shire Ltd (2008). Council Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Towong Shire Council - Survey Towong Response. Cooryong Courier 19/10/ Cudgewa WW1 Shire 12/08/1964. Personal 1917 Council Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Greater Authentic Heritage Services Pty Curlewis 2007 All wars Geelong City Ltd (2008). Council Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Greater Personal Communication - Dandenong 1919 WW1 Destroyed Dandenong Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic City Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Funds for the avenue were raised Memorials 1920-21. Website - by public subscription. By the Ballaratgenealogy.org (2003), For 1990s many of the trees were in Glenelg 7/08/ Severely www.ballatratgeneaology.org.au Dartmoor WW1 servicemen poor and hazardous condition. Shire 1918 damaged. . Personal Communication - and nurses. Many were removed and 9 were Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic made into sculptures of various Heritage Services Pty Ltd war scenes. (2008). Haddow (1987). Dickins (1985). Hepburn Personal Communication - Circa For those Daylesford WW1 Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 who served. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal The avenue was established by the Hepburn Circa Communication - Robert Dean WW1 local community in conjunction Shire 1920 Christey, 2004. Authentic with council. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

107 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Personal Communication - Corangamite Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Derrinallum Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Dept Veterans Affairs (2004), Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. The trees were planted by the Survey of War Memorials 1920- local community after subscribing Glenelg 11/8/ 21. Website - Digby WW1 Complete £75. Who planted each tree was Shire 1917 Ballaratgenealogy.org (2003), recorded. The avenue was Council www.ballatratgeneaology.org.au rededicated and restored in 1991. . Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Melton Shire Personal Communication - Diggers Rest Council Robert Christey, 2004. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Website - WW1 Hindmarsh Dimboola Memorial Secondary Dimboola 1949 and Shire College, 2003. Authentic WW2 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

The trees were planted by the Wangaratta 17/10/ Local Wangaratta Wangaratta Rural City Council - Docker Plains WW1 children of Docker Plains Primary Rural City 1921 recognition. RSL Survey Response. School. Council

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War For fallen Buloke Shire Memorials in Australia 2007. Donald 1995 WW2 soldiers Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty from district. Ltd (2008).

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. The trees were planted by the Doncaster Manningham Manningham City Council - 1920 WW1 Destroyed children of Doncaster East Primary East (Original) City Council Survey Response. Authentic School. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

108 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Doncaster Other - East Manningham Manningham Manningham City Council - WW1 (Replacement Planning City Council Survey Response. ) Scheme. Website - National Trust of Australia (Victoria) (2004), T11750 Glenelg www.nattrust.com.au. Personal Circa National Trust Drik Drik WW1 Shire Communication - Robert 1918 of Australia Council Christey, 2004. Authentic (Victoria). Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Dickins (1985). Personal For fallen Baw Baw Severely Communication - Robert Drouin 1940s WW2 soldiers Shire damaged. Christey, 2004. Authentic from district. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Malmsbury The avenue was established by the Historical Society - RSL Survey Hepburn For enlisted Drummond Honour Avenue Response. Personal Drummond 1918/19 WW1 Complete Shire from area. Committee and the Drummond Communication - Robert Council Patriotic League. Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Central Memorials 1920-21. Personal Goldfields Communication - Robert Dunolly 1920 WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Dargavel (1999). Personal Hepburn Communication - Robert Eganstown All Wars Destroyed Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

109 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups

Personal Communication - Wangaratta Local The trees were planted by the Wangaratta Robert Christey, 2004. Eldorado (1) 1917 WW1 Destroyed Rural recognition. Eldorado Patriotic Movement. RSL Wangaratta Rural Council - Council Survey Response.

Wangaratta Local Partly Wangaratta Wangaratta Rural Council - Eldorado (2) 1953 WW2 Rural recognition. damaged. RSL Survey Response. Council Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd (2006). Personal Communication For enlisted Moyne Shire Ellerslie 1920s WW1 Complete - Robert Christey, 2004. from area. Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Ararat Rural City Council - Ararat Rural Survey response. Authentic Elmhurst City Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). In mid 1918 the residents Welcome Home Committee approached council for assistance building an avenue of honour. The community had already planted Personal Communication - 100 trees with guards and Robert Christey, 2004. Personal plaques. The request for council Nillumbik Email - Claudette Fahy, Local Severely Eltham By 1919 WW1 funding for maintenance was lost Shire 1/04/2004. Nilumbik Shire recognition. damaged. due to arguments over which Council Council - Survey Response. council ward should pay for it. The Authentic Heritage Services Pty avenue was completed by 1919 Ltd (2008). but the trees were not well maintained. The trees were replaced at some time after 1950 and the plaques removed. Personal Communication - Cardinia Circa Destroyed Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Emerald (1) WW1 Shire WW1 . Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Personal Communication - Cardinia Circa Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Emerald (2) WW2 Shire WW2 Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008).

110 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. For fallen Greater 17/07/ Survey of War Memorials 1920- Epsom WW1 soldiers Bendigo City 1919 21. Personal Communication - from district. Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Moonee The trees were planted by the Essendon Essendon RSL - Survey Essendon 1922 WW1 Valley City local council. RSL response. Dickins (1985). Council Haddow (1987). Personal May Communication - Robert The avenue was instigated by Colac Otway 1916 to State Christey, 2004. Colac Otway Eurack WW1 Complete lieutenant George Dentreath (Head Shire Dec recognition. Shire Council - Survey Teacher of the local school). Council 1918 Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Strathbogie Memorials in Australia 2007. 17/11/ Euroa (1) WW1 Shire Personal Communication - 1936 Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Strathbogie Circa Authentic Heritage Services Pty Euroa (2) WW2 Shire WW2 Ltd (2008). Council

Haddow (1987). Argus (Melbourne) 7/10/1947. For fallen Fairfield- The avenue was planted by local Darebin City Personal Communication - 1947 WW2 soldiers Alphington schoolchildren. Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic from district. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Yarra Memorials in Australia 2007. Ranges Personal Communication - Ferny Creek Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

111 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Sun (Melbourne) For fallen 4/08/1947. Personal 4/8/ Maribyrnong Footscray WW2 soldiers Communication - Robert 1947 City Council from district. Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - The avenue was removed in the Robert Christey, 2004. Personal 60's. The plaques are retained at a Email - Shirley Davies, Destroyed Frankston Frankston Frankston WW1 new memorial. The replacement 9/03/2004. Frankston City . City Council RSL memorial is used occasionally for Council - Survey Response. remembrance ceremonies. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Golden July Funds for the avenue were raised Communication - Robert Garibaldi WW1 Plains Shire 1918 by public subscription. Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Greater Geelong RSL - Survey response. Geelong North Vietnam Geelong City Geelong RSL Personal Communication - Council Robert Christey, 2004. Haddow (1987). Personal Colac Otway Communication - Robert Circa Gellibrand WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - WW1 Trees planted by Gembrook RSL. Cardinia Robert Christey, 2004. Cardinia April Local Gembrook Gembrook and The avenue is still used in various Shire Shire Council - Survey 1946 recognition. RSL WW2 ANZAC Day Ceremonies. Council Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Personal Hepburn Communication - Robert Circa Glen Lyon WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Ballarat City Personal communication - Jim Glendaruel Clunes RSL Council Wallace 2004.

112 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal For local Pyrenees Communication - Robert Glenpatrick 1921 WW1 soldiers and Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic nurses. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

For soldiers Benalla Rural City Council - of WW1 and Benalla Survey Response. Authentic Goomalibee 1942-43 WW1 pioneers Complete Rural City Heritage Services Pty Ltd who settled Council (2008). the area.

Greater Survey of War Memorials 1920- For enlisted Goornong 1920 WW1 Bendigo City 21. Authentic Heritage Services from area. Council Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Personal Bass Coast Communication - Robert Circa Grantville WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Survey of War For enlisted Memorials 1920-21. Doyle, H soldiers Funds for the avenue were raised and Context Pty Ltd (2006). Severely Moyne Shire Grassmere By 1920 WW1 from the by public subscription. Labour was Personal Communication - damaged. Council area and donated by returned servicemen. Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic those killed. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Northern The trees were planted by PS 860 Grampians Personal Email - Dallas Bibby, Great Western 1935 WW1 students in a 'plant a tree for a Shire 9/02/2004. penny' scheme. Council

Personal Communication - Glenelg 22/8/ Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Greenwald Shire 1918 Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008).

113 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Golden Partly Funds for the avenue were raised Survey of War Memorials 1920- Grenville 1917 WW1 Plains Shire damaged. by public subscription. 21. Personal Communication - Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal The trees were planted by the Communication - Robert Mount local community. The avenue is Christey, 2004. Personal Email - Local Alexander Castlemaine Guildford 1921 WW1 Complete used for the ANZAC Day March Steve Van Orsouw, 20/05/2004. recognition. Shire RSL and ceremonies on Remembrance Mount Alexander Shire Council - Council Day. Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - Golden Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Haddon Destroyed Plains Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008).

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Finished Southern Memorials 1920-21. Personal june For fallen Grampians Communication - Robert Hamilton (1) 1920 WW1 soldiers Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic (started from district. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd 1917) (2008).

Southern Personal Communication - Grampians Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Hamilton (2) 1940 WW2 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008).

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Funds for the avenue were raised Bayside City Communication - Robert Hampton 1920 WW1 Destroyed by public subscription. Council Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

114 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Golden Communication - Robert Happy Valley 1921 WW1 Plains Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Mount Personal Email - Steve Van Alexander Orsouw, 20/05/2004. Authentic Harcourt Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987), Casey, City of (2001), Website - Southwell- Keeley, War Memorials in 27/9/ The avenue was established by the City of Australia 2007. Personal Harkaway WW1 1919 local community. Casey Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). For 30 former students of The trees were planted by the Personal Email - Stewart West students of West Hawthorn Boroondara Campbell, 27/02/2004. Hawthorn 1921 WW1 Complete Hawthorn Primary School in memory of City Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty Primary former students. Ltd (2008). School killed in the war. Hawthorn Boroondara Authentic Heritage Services Pty

West City Council Ltd (2008). Yarra Ranges Authentic Heritage Services Pty Healesville Shire Ltd (2008). Council For fallen Age (Melbourne) 25/08/1947. Banyule City Heidelberg 1947 WW2 soldiers Authentic Heritage Services Pty Council from district. Ltd (2008). Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd (2006). Personal Communication Moyne Shire Hexham (1) 1921 WW1 - Robert Christey, 2004. Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

115 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups For fallen Moyne Shire Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd Hexham (2) 1946-47 WW2 soldiers Council (2006). from district. Kingston Authentic Heritage Services Pty Highett WW1 City Council Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal The council paid for the Yarriambiac For those Severely Communication - Robert Hopetoun 1918-19 WW1 nameplates. The rest of the money k Shire who served. damaged. Christey, 2004. Authentic was raised by public subscription. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Website - WW1 Horsham Southwell-Keeley, War Horsham (1) and Rural City Memorials in Australia 2007. WW2 Council Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004.

The trees were planted by the Progress association using donated funds. Mr Thomas Young donated Haddow (1987). Dargavel For British a large sum without which it is (1999). Personal Communication and Horsham 19/02/ Boer unlikely the avenue would have - Robert Christey, 2004. The Horsham (2) Australian Rural City 1902 war been planted. The avenue was Mail-Times 04/11/1998. Soldiers Council established somewhat prematurely Authentic Heritage Services Pty killed. as peace was not declared until 5 Ltd (2008). months after the trees were planted.

The avenue was planted by the local community. In some cases Ballaratgeneaology.org.au the trees were planted by the For locals Glenelg (2003). Personal Communication 2/06/ relatives of those they Hotspur WW1 killed in Shire - Robert Christey, 2004. 1918 commemorated. The names of the WW1. Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty soldiers commemorated and the Ltd (2008). planters of the trees are still known.

Nillumbik Authentic Heritage Services Pty Hurstbridge 1918 WW1 Shire Ltd (2008). Council

116 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Personal Communication - Golden Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Inverleigh Plains Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Personal East Communication - Robert The avenue was established by the Gippsland Jarrahmond WW2 Christey, 2004. Authentic local community. Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Personal Communication - Hindmarsh Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Jeparit Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008).

Greater The avenue was established by the Authentic Heritage Services Pty Kangaroo Flat Bendigo City local community. Ltd (2008). Council

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Hepburn Communication - Robert Kangaroo Hills 1920 WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Dargavel West (1999). Personal Communication Circa Wimmera Kaniva WW2 - Robert Christey, 2004. WW2 Shire Authentic Heritage Services Pty Council Ltd (2008). South South Gippsland Shire Council - Boer Gippsland Korumburra Survey Response. Authentic Kardella 1919 war and Complete Shire RSL Heritage Services Pty Ltd WW1 Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War The trees and labour for the Memorials 1920-21. Personal For those avenue were donated and other Indigo Shire Communication - Robert Kiewa 1920 WW1 who served. money raised by public Council Christey, 2004. Authentic subscription. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

117 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups The avenue was proposed at a public meeting by Shire President Captain T. Parkin. The proposal was enthusiastically supported and within several months trees were Creswick RSL - Survey planted, guards erected and Response, Haddow (1987), plaques put in place for each tree. For local Jeffrey 2002. Website - The avenue was funded by men and Hepburn Southwell-Keeley, War voluntary contributions. Several Creswick Kingston 1918 WW1 women Complete Shire Memorials in Australia 2007. working bees were conducted for RSL killed in Council Personal Communication - the establishment of the avenue. A WW1. Robert Christey, Authentic monument marking the avenue Heritage Services Pty Ltd was unveiled in 1927. Restorations (2008). Dickins (1985). by council in 2000 and ongoing management has improved the health and appearance of the avenue, including the replacement of all plaques. Personal Communication - South WW1 Robert Christey, 2004. South Local Gippsland Kongwak Kongwak and Gippsland Shire Council - Survey recognition. Shire RSL WW2 Response. Authentic Heritage Council Services Pty Ltd (2008). South South Gippsland Shire Council - 5/07/ Gippsland Leongatha Survey Response. Authentic Koorooman WW1 1918 Shire RSL Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). WW1 Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd Circa Moyne Shire Koroit and Complete (2006). Authentic Heritage WW1 Council WW2 Services Pty Ltd (2008). The avenue was established by the Haddow (1987). Survey of War local community for locals who Memorials 1920-21. Personal WW1 Before For enlisted Partly enlisted in WW1. In September Moira Shire Communication - Robert Kotupna and 1922 from area. damaged. 1947 a further 22 trees were Council Christey, 2004. Authentic WW2 added for locals who served in Heritage Services Pty Ltd WW2. (2008). Dickins (1985).

Personal Communication - Macedon Robert Christey, 2004. Macedon Recent Ranges Kyneton Kyneton RSL Ranges Shire Council - Survey avenue Shire Response. Authentic Heritage Council Services Pty Ltd (2008).

118 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Website - Southwell-Keeley, War East Memorials in Australia 2007. For fallen Lakes Destroyed Gippsland Personal Communication - 1924 WW1 soldiers Entrance . Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic from district. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Pyrenees Communication - Robert Landsborough 1919 WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Lara RSL - Survey Response, Incorporates The local RSL initiated the project Haddow (1987). Personal Greater 28/8/ memorial and a public meeting was called Communication - Robert Lara WW2 Complete Geelong City Lara RSL 1948 gates for where it was decided to plant a Christey, 2004. Authentic Council WW1. memorial avenue. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Circa Ballarat City Dargavel (1999). Personal Learmonth WW1 Complete WW1 Council Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. South Personal Communication - 22/06/ For those Local Severely Gippsland Leongatha WW1 Robert Christey, 2004. South 1918 who served. recognition. damaged. Shire Gippsland Shire Council - Survey Council Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985). Planted for The cypress trees were donated by Personal Communication - 1000 days Cr J. G. Roberston of Mt Mitchell Pyrenees August Robert Christey, 2004. Pyrenees Lexton WW1 of war to Complete Homestead. The avenue was Shire 1917 Shire Council - Survey encourage planted by the Lexton branch of Council Response. enlistments. the Australian Natives Association.

119 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Personal Yarra Communication - Robert Circa Ranges Lilydale WW1 Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Murrindindi Local The avenue was initiated by the Murrindindi Shire Counci; - Limestone 1919 WW1 Complete Shire Yea RSL recognition. Yea RSL. Survey Response. Council

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Golden For those Severely Funds for the avenue were raised Communication - Robert Linton 1920 WW1 Plains Shire who served. damaged. by public subscription. Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Corangamite 26/7/ Funds for the avenue were raised Communication - Robert Lismore WW1 Shire 1918 by public subscription. Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). South Personal Communication - Circa Gippsland Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Loch WW2 WW2 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Surf Coast 14/10/ Destroyed The avenue was established by Communication - Robert Lorne WW1 Shire 1919 . local Red Cross ladies. Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Website - Dedicated to A local resident suggested planting Southwell-Keeley, War 4 local a memorial avenue in 1919. Over Yarra Memorials in Australia 2007. 13/08/ soldiers time the avenue was almost Ranges Personal Communication - Lysterfield WW1 Complete 1919 killed and destroyed but was restored in Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Website - the 10 who 1995 by the works of council, the Council Rowville Lysterfield History returned. Australian Army and locals. Project 2003. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

120 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups

Gisborn and Macedon Ranges RSL - Survey Response, Haddow Macedon Gisborne (1987). Personal Communication The trees were planted by a local 10/8/ For those Ranges and - Robert Christey, 2004. Macedon WW1 Complete committee and funds raised by 1918 who served. Shire Macedon Macedon Ranges Shire Council - public subscription. Council Ranges RSL Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Watsonia RSL - Survey The avenue was planted by response. Haddow (1987). soldiers treated at MacLeod Personal Communication - State Partly Military Hospital. The trees were Darebin City Watsonia MacLeod 1919 WW1 Robert Christey, 2004. Darebin recognition. damaged. grown from seed by patients in the Council RSL City Council - Survey Response. Hugh Linakers Vocational Training Authentic Heritage Services Pty Nursery. Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. For fallen Wellington 3/10/ Survey of War Memorials 1920- Maffra WW1 soldiers Shire 1918 21. Personal Communication - from district. Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Survey of War Memorials 1920- The avenue was planted by the 21. Personal Communication - Maldon Progress Association. All Mount For fallen Robert Christey, 2004. Mount Partly labour was voluntary and the Alexander Maldon 1916 WW1 soldiers Alexander Shire Council - damaged. planting took place over several Shire from district. Survey Response. Authentic weeks. The avenue is used on Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd Remembrance Day. (2008). Stonnington City Council - 4/08/ Destroyed Stonnington Survey Response. Authentic Malvern WW1 1920 . City Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - Mansfield Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Mansfield Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008).

121 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Greater Communication - Robert Marong 1920 WW1 Complete Local council paid for the avenue. Bendigo City Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Planted for a Personal Email - Peter Maroondah single Schroeder, 1/03/2004. Personal Maroondah Shire soldier killed Email - Peter Goegan Council in WW1. 11/02/2004. Haddow (1987). Personal South Communication - Robert The avenue is used for the ANZAC 14/08/ Gippsland Meeniyan Christey, 2004. South Gippsland Meeniyan WW1 Day March and other ANZAC Day 1918 Shire RSL Shire Council - Survey ceremonies. Council Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - Glenelg Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Merino 1932? WW1 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Survey of War East For fallen Memorials 1920-21. Personal Circa Gippsland Metung WW1 soldiers Communication - Robert WW1 Shire from district. Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - WW1 Robert Christey, 2004. Hume Local The avenue was planted by local Hume City Mickleham and Sunbury RSL City Council - Survey Response. recognition. school children. Council WW2 Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

The idea was suggested several years ago by then RSL President Avenue Ken Barclay. The existing dedicated to streetscape was dedicated by John Mildura Mildura Rural City Council Mildura All wars all fallen Landy AC MBE, Governor of Rural City Mildura RSL (2005). servicemen Victoria in 2005 to coincide with Council and women. celebrations of the 60th anniversary of Victory in the Pacific.

122 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Survey of War Yarra Memorials 1920-21. Personal Ranges Communication - Robert Millgrove 1920 WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). The avenue was established by the Ballarat City Personal communication - Jim Miners Rest 1920 WW1 local community. Council Wallace 2004. Personal Communication - Destroyed Whitehorse Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Mitcham . City Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Circa 1940s. Surf Coast Survey of War Memorials 1920- Funds for the avenue were raised Modewarre Elm WW1 Shire 21. Authentic Heritage Services by public subscription. planted Council Pty Ltd (2008). 1918 Yarra Ranges Personal Communication - Monbulk Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Council

Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Pyrenees Aug Local The avenue was established by the Christey, 2004. Pyrenees Shire Moonambel WW1 Complete Shire 1918 recognition. local community. Council - Survey Response. Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Essendon RSL - Survey response, Haddow (1987). Moonee Moonee Ponds Circa Essendon Personal Communication - WW1 Valley City (1) WW1 RSL Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Moonee Moonee Ponds Circa Authentic Heritage Services Pty WW2 Valley City (2) WW2 Ltd (2008). Council

Kingston Authentic Heritage Services Pty Moorabbin 1920s WW1 City Council Ltd (2008).

123 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Personal Surf Coast Communication - Robert Moriac WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). The monument and avenue was Haddow (1987). Personal Oct unveiled by the Governor of Mornington Communication - Robert 1925 For those Victoria, Lord Stradbroke in Peninsula Christey, 2004. Personal Email - Mornington WW1 Destroyed (or who served. October 1925 and blessed by the Shire Simon Lloyd 27/10/2006. 1917?) Archbishop of Melbourne, Dr Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty Harrington Lees. Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985). Mortlake RSL - Survey For those Response, Haddow (1987). WW1 who served. The local community planted the Moyne Shire Mortlake Personal Communication - Mortlake 1926 and More trees Expanded trees. Council RSL Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic WW2 added for Heritage Services Pty Ltd WW2. (2008). Haddow (1987). Personal Yarra Communication - Robert Ranges Mount Evelyn WW1 Destroyed Christey, 2004. Authentic Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Gerner Consulting Group (1999). Mount Severely The avenue was established by the Monash City Personal Communication - 1920s WW1 Waverley damaged. local community. Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War The avenue was established by the T11278 Memorials 1920-21. Ararat Rural local community in conjunction 2/08/ National Trust Ararat Rural City Council - Survey response. Moyston WW1 Expanded with the local council. Funds for 1919 of Australia City Council Website - National Trust 1989. the avenue were raised by public (Victoria). Authentic Heritage Services Pty subscription. Ltd (2008). Glenelg Personal Communication - Mumbannar Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Council

Mildura 25/05/ Murrayville RSL - Survey Murrayville WW1 Rural City 1918 reponse Council

124 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Yarriam- Authentic Heritage Services Pty Murtoa biack Shire Ltd (2008). Council Personal Communication - Moorabool Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Myrniong (1) WW1 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Moorabool Authentic Heritage Services Pty Myrniong (2) 1940s? WW2 Shire Ltd (2008). Council

Southern Circa Grampians Authentic Heritage Services Pty Nareeb WW2 WW2 Shire Ltd (2008). Council

Warnambool Standard 24/04/1947. Doyle, H and The shire council provided the tree Context Pty Ltd (2006). Personal Moyne Shire Naringal 1947 WW2 Destroyed guards and public working bees Communication - Robert Council established the avenue. Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Casey, City of (2001), Haddow (1987), Website - Southwell- The avenue was planted by the Keeley, War Memorials in local community with many Australia 2007. Survey of War 27/9/ For those City of Narre Warren WW1 working bees to make guards and Memorials 1920-21. Personal 1919 who served. Casey nameplates. Money was raised by Communication - Robert donation. Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Website - National Trust T11984 of Australia (Victoria) (2004), 1918- National Trust Moira Shire www.nattrust.com.au. Personal Nathalia WW1 Complete 1920 of Australia Council Communication - Robert (Victoria). Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

125 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Pyrenees Communication - Robert Natte Yallock WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Personal Hepburn Communication - Robert Circa Severely Newlyn WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 damaged. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Personal Email - T12017 Mount Steve Van Orsouw, 20/05/2004. National Trust Alexander Newstead 1919 WW1 Mount Alexander Shire Council - of Australia Shire Survey Response. Website - (Victoria). Council National Trust 1995. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Golden Authentic Heritage Services Pty Newtown Plains Shire Ltd (2008). Council Baw Baw Authentic Heritage Services Pty Nilma Shire Ltd (2008). Council

Greater North Geelong Authentic Heritage Services Pty 1946 WW2 Geelong City (1) Ltd (2008). Council

Greater North Geelong Authentic Heritage Services Pty 1995 Vietnam Geelong City (2) Ltd (2008). Council

Haddow (1987). Gerner Consulting Group (1999). Destroyed Monash City Personal Communication - Notting Hill WW1 . Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

126 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Website - Southwell-Keeley, War For 16/11/ Moira Shire Memorials in Australia 2007. Numurkah WW2 prisoners of 1986 Council Personal Communication - war in WW2. Robert Christey, 2004. Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Circa Monash City Oakleigh WW1 Personal Communication - WW1 Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Cardinia Memorials in Australia 2007. 26/1/ Officer WW1 Shire Personal Communication - 1919 Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Survey of War East Memorials 1920-21. Personal WW1 Circa Funds for the avenue were raised Gippsland Communication - Robert Orbost and 1920 by public subscription. Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic WW2 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd (2006). Personal Moyne Shire Communication - Robert Orford 1920's WW1 Complete Council Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Personal Cardinia Communication - Robert Pakenham Circa WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Upper WW1 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

East Personal Communication - Ian Gippsland McDougall, East Gippsland Shire Paynesville Destroyed Shire (2003). Authentic Heritage Council Services Pty Ltd (2008).

127 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups City of Authentic Heritage Services Pty Pearcedale WW2 Casey Ltd (2008). Southern Personal Communication - Grampians Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Penshurst WW1 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Personal Communication - Nillumbik Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Plenty Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Personal Golden Communication - Robert Circa Piggoreet WW1 Plains Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Moyne Shire Authentic Heritage Services Pty Port Fairy 1918 WW1 Council Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Age 24th Bat (Melbourne)14/07/1953. Age A.I.F. Mitchell Puckapunyal 15/11/ (Melbourne) 14/11/1953. WW2 members Shire (1) 1953 Personal Communication - killed in Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic WW2. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

In memory of Field Marshal Sir Thomas Mitchell Advertiser (Adelaide) Puckapunyal Blamey, Sir 1954 WW2 Shire 6/11/1954. Sun (Melbourne) (2) Stanley Council 22/11/1954. Savage and units of the 17th Brigade. Haddow (1987). Dargavel Loddon (1999). Personal Communication Pyramid Hill 1936 WW1 Shire - Robert Christey, 2004. Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

128 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Queenscliffe Borough Council (2001). Personal Communication Severely Queenscliffe 1920s? WW1 Queenscliffe - Robert Christey, 2004. damaged. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Survey of War Memorials 1920- Pyrenees 21. Personal Communication - The avenue was planted by Redbank 1918 WW1 Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic volunteer labour. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Personal Indigo Shire Red Bluff Communication - Robert Council Christey, 2004. Personal Communication - The avenue was established by the Swan Hill Robinvale Robert Christey, 2004. Swan Hill Robinvale 1979 Vietnam Complete local community in conjunction Rural City RSL Rural City Council - Survey with the RSL. Council Response. Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Funds for the avenue were raised Golden 18/9/ Communication - Robert Rokewood WW1 by public subscription. Avenue Plains Shire 1918 Christey, 2004. Authentic planted by volunteer labour. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Funds for the avenue were raised Memorials 1920-21. Personal by public subscription. Avenue Golden Rokewood 20/7/ Communication - Robert WW1 planted by volunteer labour. The Plains Shire Junction 1918 Christey, 2004. Authentic trees were supplied by local Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd residents. (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Golden before Communication - Robert Ross Creek WW1 Plains Shire 1921 Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Ararat Rural Authentic Heritage Services Pty Rossbridge City Council Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - Moorabool Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Rowsley WW2 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008).

129 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Campaspe Authentic Heritage Services Pty Rushworth WW1 Shire Ltd (2008). Council Personal Communication - Wellington Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Sale East All wars Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Age The Prime Minister W. M. Hughes (Melbourne) 24/02/1926. 18/07/ For those planted the first tree. The rest Bayside City Personal Communication - Sandringham WW1 1917 who served. were planted by friends and Council Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic relatives of those commemorated. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Yarra Haddow (1987). Authentic Circa Ranges Sassafras WW1 Heritage Services Pty Ltd WW1 Shire (2008). Council Personal Communication - Golden Scarsdale- Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 Plains Shire Newtown Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War The avenue was reportedly in very Memorials 1920-21. Courier bad condition by 1937. It was (Ballarat) 11/06/1937. Personal Ballarat City Sebastopol 1920 WW1 Destroyed suggested that the soil was Communication - Robert Council unsuitable and plans were made to Christey, 2004. Authentic remove the trees. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Yarra Memorials 1920-21. Personal The avenue was paid for by public 14/9/ Severely Ranges Communication - Robert Seville WW1 subscription and the Seville 1918 damaged. Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Progress Association. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Personal Mitchell Communication - Robert July Destroyed Funds for the avenue were raised Seymour WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic 1917 . by public subscription. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

130 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups H1975 The avenue was planted over 6 Victorian years by Fen Woodburn in memory Heritage of his son Calder, killed in WW2. In Register. late 1943 he discussed planting an Haddow (1987). Dargavel T11115 between Calder avenue with the Country Roads (1999). Heritage Victoria 2002. National Trust Greater 1945 Woodburn, Board and offered to finance the National Trust 1988. Australian Shepparton WW2 of Australia Complete Shepparton and killed in project. Seedlings raised by the Heritage Places Inventory 2003. (Vic) Register. City Council 1949 1942. Forest Commission were planted Authentic Heritage Services Pty 100944 personally by Woodburn between Ltd (2008). Australian 1945 and 1949. He eventually Heritage dedicated the avenue to all the Places servicemen from the district. Inventory.

Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Corangamite Christey, 2004. Corangamite Circa For enlisted Skipton WW1 Expanded Shire Shire Council - Survey WW1 from area. Council Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Golden Smythesdale 10/8/ Funds for the avenue were raised Communication - Robert WW1 Plains Shire (1) 1918 by public subscription. Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). WW2 Golden Smythesdale Circa Authentic Heritage Services Pty and Plains Shire (2) 1975? Ltd (2008). Vietnam Council

Haddow (1987). Personal 146 Golden cypress trees and Communication - Robert around 50 wattles were planted by Pyrenees Aug Local Christey, 2004. Pyrenees Shire Snake Valley WW1 Complete senior boys and girls from the local Shire 1918 recognition. Council - Survey Response. school to commemorate district Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty soldiers. Ltd (2008).

Somerville, Personal Email - Edwina, Mornington Arbour Tyabb and 3/03/2004. Personal Email - Severely The avenue was planted by local Peninsula Somerville day WW1 District Shirley Davies, 9/03/2004. damaged. schoolchildren. Shire 1917 Historical Authentic Heritage Services Pty Council Society Ltd (2008).

131 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Hepburn Authentic Heritage Services Pty Springmount Shire Ltd (2008). Council Northern For fallen Survey of War Memorials 1920- Grampians St Arnaud 1918 WW1 soldiers 21. Authentic Heritage Services Shire from district. Pty Ltd (2008). Council Personal Communication - Indigo Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Staghorn Flat WW1 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Lake Goldsmith Stockyard Hill Lake Social Club - RSL Survey Pyrenees Goldsmith response, Haddow (1987). Nov The trees were planted by families Stockyard Hill WW1 Complete Shire Stockyard Personal Communication - 1918 from the district. Council Hill Social Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Club Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Wellington Survey of War Memorials 1920- For enlisted Stratford 1920 WW1 Shire 21. Authentic Heritage Services from area. Council Pty Ltd (2008). South South Gippsland Shire Council - Gippsland Survey Response. Authentic Strzelecki 1918 WW1 Complete Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Benalla Rural City Council - Benalla Survey Response. Authentic Swanpool 1920 WW1 Rural City Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). East Gippsland Authentic Heritage Services Pty Swifts Creek Shire Ltd (2008). Council

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Central Memorials 1920-21. Personal 9/8/ For enlisted Destroyed Funds for the avenue were raised Goldfields Communication - Robert Talbot WW1 1919 from area. . by public subscription. Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

132 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Survey of War East Memorials 1920-21. Personal For fallen Tambo Upper Destroyed Funds for the avenue were raised Gippsland Communication - Robert 1921 WW1 soldiers (Original) . by public subscription. Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic from district. Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). The original avenue was replaced East Website - Department of Tambo Upper For fallen 11/11/ by the local community and Gippsland Veterans Affairs (2004) (Replacement WW1 soldiers Complete 1997 children from the Tambo Upper Shire www.dva.gov.au/media/publicat ) from district. Primary School. Council /memories.htm. Personal Communication - Pyrenees Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Tanwood Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Wyndham Personal Communication - Tarneit 2003 City Council Robert Christey, 2004. Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Wellington Sept Severely Communication - Robert The Heart WW1 Shire 1918 damaged. Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd (2006). Personal Communication Moyne Shire The Sisters 1920s WW1 - Robert Christey, 2004. Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal For former Communication - Peter Ali, City students of Funds for the avenue were raised Thomastown Destroyed Whittlesea of Whittlesea (2004). Personal 1920 WW1 Thomastown by public subscription. The avenue (Original) . City Council Communication - Robert State School was destroyed in the 1980s. Christey, 2004. Authentic who served. Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). The students of Thomastown Primary School in conjunction with Personal Communication - Peter Thomastown June the council and RSL established Whittlesea Ali, City of Whittlesea (2004). (Replacement WW1 Complete 2003 the avenue. This avenue recreated City Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty ) the previous avenue destroyed in Ltd (2008). the 1980s.

133 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Towong Towong Shire Council - Survey 13/08/ Thougla WW1 Shire Response. Cooryong Courier 1918 Council 12/08/1964. Towong Towong Shire Council - Survey Tintaldra 1918 WW1 Shire Response. Cooryong Courier Council 12/08/1964. The avenue was instigated by Personal Communication - Campaspe 7/11/ Local Michael Thompson. The avenue is Robert Christey, 2004. Tongala Complete Shire Tongala RSL 2004 recognition. used on ANZAC Day and Campaspe Shire Council - Council Remembrance Day. Survey Response. Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal The trees were planted by the South Communication - Robert Toora Progress Association and the Gippsland Toora 1920 WW1 Toora RSL Christey, 2004. South Gippsland Red Cross. A second planting Shire Shire Council - Survey occurred in 1933. Council Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Surf Coast Personal Communication - Torquay Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Council

Casey, City of (2001), Haddow (1987). Survey of War Cardinia Memorials 1920-21. Personal Funds for the avenue were raised Tooradin 1918 WW1 Expanded Shire Communication - Robert by public subscription. Council Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddow (1987). Personal T11336 Central Communication - Robert Soldiers Circa National Trust Goldfields Christey, 2004. Website - Tourello WW1 from the Complete 1918 of Australia Shire National Trust 1994. Authentic district. (Victoria). Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Towong Towong Shire Council - Survey Towong 1918 WW1 Shire Response. Cooryong Courier Council 12/08/1964.

134 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Dargavel T11194 (1999). Personal Communication WW1 For fallen La Trobe National Trust - Robert Christey, 2004. Website Traralgon 1918 and soldiers Complete Shire of Australia - National Trust 1989. Authentic WW2 from district. Council (Victoria). Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985). Personal Communication - Pyrenees Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Trawalla Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Somerville, Mornington Tyabb and Personal Email - Edwina, Severely Tyabb Peninsula District 3/03/2004. Authentic Heritage damaged. Council Historical Services Pty Ltd (2008). Society Macedon Ranges Authentic Heritage Services Pty Tylden Shire Ltd (2008). Council Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Hepburn 15/9/ Funds for the avenue were raised Communication - Robert Ullina WW1 Shire 1919 by public subscription. Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - Strathbogie Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Violet Town WW1 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Towong Towong Shire Council - Survey 24/08/ Partly Wabba WW1 Shire Response. Cooryong Courier 1917 damaged. Council 12/08/1964.

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal T11765 The avenue was established by the Communication - Robert For local Mitchell National Trust Partly local community. The avenue is Christey, 2004. Mitchell Shire Wallan 1920's WW1 citizens who Shire Kilmore RSL of Australia damaged. used for the ANZAC Day March Council - Survey Response. served. Council (Victoria). and other ANZAC Day ceremonies. Website - National Trust 1994. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

135 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Personal Communication - Towong Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Walwa Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Personal Communication - T11809 Yarra Robert Christey, 2004. Website - National Trust Ranges Wandin North 1920s WW1 National Trust 1985. Authentic of Australia Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd (Victoria). Council (2008). Wangaratta Rural City Council - Wangaratta Local Avenue planted by the Vietnam Survey Response. Authentic Wangaratta 1983 Vietnam Rural City recognition. Veterans Association. Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Personal Communication - Colac Otway Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Warrion Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). Haddow (1987). Personal Pyrenees Communication - Robert Circa Waterloo WW1 Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Survey of War Memorials 1920- 21. Geelong RSL - Survey WW1, The local community planted the Greater response. Personal July WW2 Severely Waurn Ponds trees. Funds for the avenue were Geelong City Geelong RSL Communication - Robert 1919 and damaged. raised by public subscription. Council Christey, 2004. Authentic Vietnam Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Loddon Personal Communication - Wedderburn Shire Robert Christey, 2004. Council

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal The trees were planted by the South Communication - Robert 18/09/ Local Severely 'Committee of the Soldiers'. Funds Gippsland Welshpool Welshpool WW1 Christey, 2004. South Gippsland 1918 recognition. damaged. for the avenue were raised by Shire RSL Shire Council - Survey public subscription. Council Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

136 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Golden August Funds for the avenue were raised Communication - Robert Werneth WW1 Plains Shire 1918 by public subscription. Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Email - Mark Hammett, Wyndham Werribee WW1 Complete 20/02/2004. Authentic Heritage City Council Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Wangaratta Communication - Robert Whitfield 1920 WW1 Rural City Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Peter Ali, City of Whittlesea (2004). Personal Whittlesea Whittlesea (1) 1990s WW2 Communication - Robert City Council Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War March Whittlesea Whittlesea (2) WW1 Memorials in Australia 2007. 1927 City Council Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Personal Communication - Ararat Rural Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Willaura City Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal 30/9/ Moyne Shire Communication - Robert Winslow WW1 1919 Council Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dargavel (1999). Wodonga City 11/11/ The avenue was established by the Wodonga Wodonga Council - Survey Response. Wodonga Vietnam 1991 local council. City Council RSL Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

137 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Macedon For local Christey, 2004. Macedon Ranges 14/09/ National Trust Ranges Woodend (1) WW1 men killed in Complete Shire Council - Survey 1918 (Vic). Shire WW1. Response. Authentic Heritage Council Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985). Macedon Personal Communication - Ranges Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Woodend (2) WW2 Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). WW2, Macedon Korea Ranges Authentic Heritage Services Pty Woodend (3) and Shire Ltd (2008). Vietnam Council Southern Personal Communication - Woodhouse- Gippsland Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic WW1 Nareeb Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008). For enlisted The avenue was established by the Moyne Shire Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd Woolsthorpe WW1 Destroyed from area. local community. Council (2006). Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Yarriam- Communication - Robert Woomelang 1920 WW1 biack Shire Christey, 2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - Severely Warnambool Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Woodford damaged. City Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - South Robert Christey, 2004. South 20/07/ Local Severely Gippsland Leongatha Wooreen WW1 Gippsland Shire Council - Survey 1918 recognition. damaged. Shire RSL Response. Authentic Heritage Council Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal communication - Meaghan Molnar, Moira Shire Moira Shire Wunghnu 1930s WW1 Destroyed Council 1/03/2004. Authentic Council Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

138 Other Current Local Name Date War Details Recognition History Associated References Status Council Groups Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Funds for the avenue were raised Whittlesea Communication - Robert Yan Yean by public subscription. City Council Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Yarra Ranges Authentic Heritage Services Pty Yarra Glen 1948 WW2 Shire Ltd (2008). Council Personal Communication - Moorabool Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Yendon Shire Heritage Services Pty Ltd Council (2008).

The avenue was planted by Doug Yarrawonga Moira Shire Authentic Heritage Services Pty Gillespie with the help of the (1) Council Ltd (2008). Mulwala Services Club.

Yarrawonga Moira Shire Authentic Heritage Services Pty

(2) Council Ltd (2008). Personal communication - WW1 Meaghan Molnar, Moira Shire Yarrawonga For returned Moira Shire 1991 and Council 1/03/2004. Authentic (3) servicemen. Council WW2 Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

139 TABLE 5.17: VIC MEMORIAL AVENUES – TREE SPECIES USED

Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations Acacia spp. Wattle 2 Ballarat (1), Sassafras. Cootamundra Acacia baileyana Wattle 1 Hexham (1). Acer spp. Maple 1 Ballarat (1). Acer pseudoplantanus Sycamore 1 Daylesford. Acer pseudoplantanus 'Purpureum' Copper Sycamore 1 Daylesford. Aesculus hippocastanum Horse Chestnut 1 Kongwak. Allocasuarina verticulata Drooping Sheoak 1 Werribee. Alnus Alder 1 Ballarat (1). Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Pine 2 Kongwak, Swanpool. Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine 1 Hampton. Betula spp. birch 1 Ballarat (1). Brachychiton populous Kurrajong 4 Hotspur, Malvern, Nathalia, Robinvale. Castanea satiua Spanish Chestnut 1 Daylesford. Cedrus spp. Cedar 1 Harcourt. Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar 1 Dartmoor. Cedrus libani Lebanon cedar 1 Corryong. Lemon Scented Corymbia citriodora gum 2 Shepparton, Yarrawonga (3). Campbelltown, Doncaster East (replacement), Drouin, Grantville, Harkaway, Meeniyan, Naringal, Puckapunyal (1), Sandringham, Tambo Upper (original), Tambo Upper Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering gum 13 (replacement), Tooradin, Wandin North. Corymbia maculata Spotted gum 2 Shepparton, Werribee. Crataegus spp. Hawthorn 1 Ballarat (1). Allans Flat, Derrinallum, Essendon, Inverleigh, Lexton, Cupressus spp. Cypress 7 Modewarre, Moonambel. Caramut, Coleraine, Corindhap, Ellerslie, Glendaruel, Hexham (1), Hexham (2), Lakes Entrance, Lara, Miners Rest, Moonee Ponds (1), Mortlake, Orford, Queenscliffe, Cupressus Snake Valley, Strzelecki, The Sisters, Werribee, macrocarpa Monterey Cypress 19 Woolsthorpe. Cupressus macrocarpa 'Horizontalis Aurea' Lambert's Cypress 1 Werribee. Ballarat (1), Booropki, Cheltenham, Dandenong, Drummond, Footscray, Goomalibee, Landsborough, North Geelong (2), Shepparton, St Arnaud, The Heart, The Eucalyptus spp. gum 15 Sisters, Waurn Ponds, Yan Yean. Docker Plains, Doncaster East (original), Hawthorn, Eucalyptus botryoides Mahogany gum 6 Maldon, Puckapunyal (2), Toora. Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum 2 Mickleham, Shepparton. Docker Plains, Eldorado (1), Hopetoun, Kangaroo Flat, Kaniva, Kotupna, MacLeod, Mickleham, Mildura, Pyramid Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar gum 12 Hill, Shepparton, Wunghnu. Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow gum 2 Hawthorn, Shepparton. Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow box 1 Shepparton. Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey box 1 Shepparton. Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box 1 Shepparton. Eucalyptus sideroxylon Red Ironbark 1 Shepparton.

Red Flowering Eucalyptus tricarpa Ironbark 1 Tongala.

Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay fig 3 Drik Drik, Lorne, Waurn Ponds.

Fraxinus spp. Ash 3 Ballarat (1), Guildford, North Geelong (1). Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations

140 Fraxinus excelsior 'aurea' Golden Ash 2 Kardella, Wangaratta. Fraxinus augustifolia var. oxycarpa ‘Raywoodii’ Claret Ash 1 Wangaratta. Benalla, Eldorado (2), Lysterfield, Moonambel, Skipton, Grevilliea robusta Silky oak 6 Whittlesea (1). Juglans regia Walnut 1 Tourello. Lophostemen confertus Brushbox 2 Doncaster East (replacement), Hawthorn. Melia azedarach White cedar 1 Goomalibee. Canary Island Date Phoenix canariensis Palm 1 Marong. Blackwood, Elmhurst, Glenpatrick, Goomalibee, Greenwald, MacLeod, Natte Yallock, Orford, St Arnaud, Waterloo, Pinus spp. pine 12 Waurn Ponds, Woomelang. Balnarring, Coleraine, Corindhap, Maldon, Moyston, Pinus radiata Monterey pine 6 Skipton. Ballarat (1), Cudgewa, Guildford, Somerville, Thomastown Platanus spp plane 7 (original), Wabba, YanYean. Eltham, Koroit, Maroondah, Notting Hill, Welshpool, Platanus x acerifolia London plane 6 Whittlesea. Euroa (1), Moonambel, Skipton, Thomastown Platanus orientalis Oriental plane 4 (replacement). Populus spp. Poplar 3 Ballarat (1), Koroit, St Arnaud. Populus alba 'Pyramidialis' Silver poplar 1 Beaufort. Populus nigra Black poplar 2 Beaconsfield, Kongwak. Apsley, Ballarat (1), Emerald (1), Gembrook, Limestone, Quercus spp. oak 6 Wooreen. Quercus canariensis Algerian oak 4 Gembrook, Koorooman, Leongatha, Woodend (1). Chestnut-leaved Quercus castaneifolia oak 2 Koorooman, Leongatha. Quercus faginea Portuguese oak 3 Clayton, Cranbourne, Mount Waverley. Quercus ilex Holly oak 1 St Arnaud. Quercus laevis Turkey oak 1 Kongwak. Berwick (1), Berwick (2), Cranbourne, Gembrook, Grassmere, Jarrahmond, Kiewa, Kongwak, Learmonth, Leongatha, Linton, Lysterfield, Moonambel, Narre Warren, Quercus robur English oak 16 Nilma, Woodend (1). Beaufort, Berwick (1), Berwick (2), Guildford, Kongwak, Quercus palustris Pin oak 8 Kyneton, Macedon, Wodonga. Schinus molle Peppercorn 1 Hexham (1). Sorbus spp. Rowan 1 Ballarat (1). Taxodium spp. Swamp Cypress 1 Ballarat (1). Tilia spp. Lime (Linden) 1 Ballarat (1). Ballarat (1), Barrys Reef, Chewton, Cudgewa, Digby, Drummond, Modewarre, Smythesdale (2), Tylden, Wabba, Ulmus spp. elm 11 Wooreen. Ulmus americana Canadian elm 1 Grenville. Ulmus glabra Wych elm 2 Learmonth, Skipton. Bacchus Marsh, Creswick, Eurack, Kingston, Learmonth, Ulmus x hollandica Dutch elm 7 Newstead, Traralgon. Ulmus x hollandica 'Purpurescens' Purple leaf elm 2 Learmonth, Wallan. Beaufort, Buln Buln, Horsham (2), Kardella, Keiwa, Koorooman, Learmonth, Leongatha, Linton, Moonambel, Ulmus procera English elm 13 Skipton, Traralgon, Welshpool. Unknown Unknown 156 See Table 5.26 Washingtonia filifera Cotton palm 1 Epsom.

141 5.7 Western Australia

27 memorial avenues have been identified in Western Australia. Of these, 10 (37%) were surveyed by council. These results can be found in Chapter 6.

5.7.1. Locations, Tree Details, Signs and Plaques

Good location information is available for most avenues. Further investigation is needed in 7 (26%) cases to identify exact street location of avenue. An unusually large number of avenues (44%) are located in parks and reserves such as the Fremantle avenue around the Monument Hill Memorial Reserve.

The most common avenue form is a double row of trees although several single rows exist and one triple row of trees at Albany (2). The exact avenue form is unknown for 10 (37%) avenues. Avenues range in size from just over ten to several hundred trees, the largest being the Kings Park avenue with over one thousand trees. More commonly avenues number less than 200 trees. Original tree numbers are unknown for 12 (44%) avenues and it is unclear how many trees remain in 13 (48%) cases.

At least 20 different species of tree have been used in Western Australian avenues. The most commonly used species is the Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla). At least 6 (22%) avenues used more than one species of tree. The Carnarvon avenue is the only known example of Foxtail Palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) use in a memorial avenue. The only known Bottlebrush (Callistemon spp.) avenue is at Rockingham (3) and 3 other species, Marri (Corymbia calophylla), Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) and Evergreen Ash (Fraxinus griffithii), appear to have only been used in WA. 8 (30%) avenues still require species identification. At least one avenue, Kings Park, was forced to alter it’s original species choice, Royal Oaks (Quercus robur), when the trees failed to thrive.

At least 5 (18%) avenues have had to replace some of their original trees. In two cases, Albany and Bicton, the current avenues contains no original trees.

Only 6 (22%) avenues are specifically signposted although other markers such as obelisks and stone blocks identify some avenues. Individual tree plaques have been relocated from their original positions in avenues like Collie and Rockingham (1). Some avenues still have all their original plaques such as Kings Park and Carnarvon but others have lost their plaques over time such as Boyanup.

142 5.7.2 Commemoration, History and Associations

Avenue planting dates are very spread out in Western Australia with avenues planted sporadically since around 1919. An unusually large number of avenues have been planted within the last 3 decades such as at Woodvale and Bayswater. Only 6 (22%) avenues are known to have been planted between 1915 and 1929 which in other states was the peak time of avenue establishment. Another 8 (30%) have been planted since 1990. This is the largest percentage of all avenues planted of any state.

6 (22%) avenues were established to commemorate WW1 and 3 (11%) for WW2. 5 (19%) avenues commemorate both world wars and several others include further conflicts. One unusual dedication is the memorial for the bombing of Hiroshima and the ending of WW2 at Spearwood. 5 (19%) avenues are known to specifically commemorate fallen soldiers from the district and at least one, Gosnells, commemorates all those from the area who served.

Many avenues have at least local recognition of their significance. This is usually in the form of heritage inventories maintained by local councils.

6 (22%) avenues are known to be complete, 1 (4%) has been destroyed and 3 (11%) have been expanded from their original planting. The current status of 17 (%) avenues is unknown.

Some historical details are known for most avenues although in at least 11 (41%) cases further research is needed. The history of the avenue at Kings Park is very well documented (see case study in Chapter 2). At least 6 (22%) are used during the year for commemorative activities.

In 12 (44%) cases RSL clubs associated with the trees have been identified although it cannot be confirmed if these branches are still active. No community groups are known to be currently associated with Western Australian avenues. Further local investigation is needed to identify any other references and to fill the remaining gaps in the following tables.

143 TABLE 5.18: WA MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATION, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES

Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments After planting some Middleton Double row of trees replaced with Red Flowering gums Albany (1) Mt Clarence 111 0 Rd trees. plane trees. Avenue (Corymbia ficifolia) destroyed by 1955. One double and Replacement avenue one triple row of for Albany (1). Since Relocation of Swamp Mahogany Sign marks Name plaques in Albany (2) Apex Dr Mt Clarence trees. Tree 180 182 then 4 trees have Albany (1). (Eucalyptus robusta) avenue. front of trees. guards. Avenue been replaced and 2 complete. more added. Soldiers Liquidambar Memorial (Liquidambar Armadale Armadale Park leading styraciflua), Evergreen to park ash (Fraxinus griffithii) centre. Western end of street on crown reserve, Single row of Some trees are Most plaques are Balingup Brockman St Balingup ≈12 oak (Quercus spp.) avenue trees. missing. missing. leads to Birdwood Park. Double row of trees. Entire Single plaque Banjup group of trees 2 trees have been Sign marks names all Banjup Armadale Rd Banjup Memorial 14 14 gum (Eucalyptus spp.) surrounded by replaced. avenue. commemorated Park. white railing soldiers. fence. Located in Liquidambar King William Single row of Some trees dying or Sign marks Most trees have Bayswater Bayswater Riverside 250 238 (Liquidambar St trees. dead. avenue. plaques. Gardens. styraciflua)

Names of All trees soldiers originally had Original trees were honoured are plaques giving a Point Walter replaced after Bicton Honour Ave Bicton 25 listed on a soldiers name, Golf Course. roadworks in the Memorial rank, number 1980s. Obelisk in the and date of Memorial Park. death. All lost.

144 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments South side Trees originally Boyanup Bridge St Boyanup oak (Quercus spp.) of street. had plaques. Small posts Between Single row of Trees are protected Foxtail Palm (Wodyetia with a-z HMAS North West trees. Tree by the RSL. There bifurcata), Canary listings assist All trees have Carnarvon Sydney Carnarvon Hwy and 245 645 guards. Avenue are moves to restore Island Date Palm in finding plaques. Memorial Dr Carnarvon complete. the avenue. (Phoenix canariensis). individual Rd. plaques.

Metal plaques Camphor laurel Soldier's Very few trees now located in Collie Collie 99 (Cinnamomum Park. remain. Memorial Rose camphora) Garden.

Single row of High, trees around Some plaques Monument Canary Island Date Swanbourne park and small remain. May not Fremantle Fremantle Hill Memorial Palm (Phoenix and double row along all match up with Reserve canariensis) Knutsford St internal existing trees. roadway.

corner Double row of Yongenup Point Walter No plaques Gnowangerup Gnowangerup trees. Avenue 60+ Rd and Golf Course. remain. complete. Kwobrup Rd

Along driveway of Memorial plaque Amaroo Double row of London Plane (Platanus at the base of Gosnells Lissiman St Gosnells Village trees. x acerifolia) each tree McMahom naming a soldier. Caring Centre.

Headineay Rd, Strik Rd Double row of at least 6 different All trees have Kalamunda and Kalamunda Strik Park. 30 30 trees. species. plaques. Kalamunda Rd

145 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments English oak (Quercus The initial planting robur), London Plane was Royal Oaks (Platanus x acerifolia), (Quercus robur). Bangalay (Eucalyptus All plaques well Kings Park These failed to thrive Kings Park, May Dr and Double row of botroides), Marri Signs mark maintained and West Perth and Botanic 404 1131 and have all been Perth Lovekin Dr trees. (Eucalyptus calophylla), avenue. replaced when Garden. replaced. Later Sugar gums needed. plantings were of (Eucalyptus various native cladocaylx), and other species. species. pines (Pinus spp. or Melville Melville Araucaria spp.) Leading to the Mingenew Mingenew Mingenew Sports Ground. Mosman Norfolk Island Pine Palmerston Park Mosman Park Mosman Park (Araucaria St Memorial heterophylla) Park. A granite and Cypress (Cupressus marble block Nyabing Nyabing Tree Guards spp.) names fallen soldiers. Point Walter Point Walter Individual Double row of plaques have Rockingham Trees covered by Norfolk Island Pine Rockingham trees. Tree Signs mark been set in the Rd and Rockingham 12 12 Rockingham Tree (Araucaria (1) Guards. Avenue avenue. middle of the Governor Rd Management Policy. heterophylla) complete. avenue, guarded by the trees.

Endevour Dr Double row of Trees covered by Norfolk Island Pine Rockingham Signs mark No plaques and Warnbro Port Kennedy trees. Avenue 50 50 Rockingham Tree (Araucaria (2) avenue. remain. Sound Ave complete. Management Policy. heterophylla) Trees covered by Norfolk Island Pine Rockingham Tree Memorial Dr (Araucaria Rockingham Double row of Management Policy. Most trees have and Ferrier Point Peron 22 heterophylla), (3) trees. Some damage to plaques. Dr Bottlebrush trees caused by (Callistemon spp.) vehicles.

146 Description and Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Species Signs Plaques Comments 10% Norfolk Island corner Kent Formally Pine (Araucaria St, Flinders known as Double row of Trees covered by heterophylla), 80% Rockingham No plaques Ln and Rockingham Rockingham trees. Avenue 180 ≈180 Rockingham Tree London Plane (Platanus (4) remain. Pattersons Oval complete. Management Policy. x acerifolia), 5% Flame Rd Reserve. tree (Brachychiton acerfolius), 5% other. Spearwood Double row of Sign marks Spearwood Spearwood Peace Park. Ave West trees. Peace Park. Yellagonga Castlegate Woodvale Woodvale Regional Rd Park. Wooroloo Wooroloo OP – Original planting, number of trees. AP – At present, number of trees.

147 TABLE 5.19: WA MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES

Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups WW1 and For fallen soldiers Richards 2003. Albany (1) 1921 Destroyed City of Albany Albany RSL WW2 from district. Dargavel 1999. The avenue was planted by Apex Website - volunteers and the Albany RSL. WW1, Southwell-Keeley, Dedications were conducted in 22/07/ WW2, For fallen soldiers Local War Memorials in Albany (2) Expanded alphabetical order except the first City of Albany Albany RSL 1956 Korea and from district. Recognition. Australia 2007. tree which was dedicated to Nurse Vietnam. City of Albany - Saw, the only Albany woman to Survey Response. die in the war. Personal Email - City of Glen Williams, Armadale 1921 Armadale 11/02/2004. Dargavel 1999. Avenue was planted by the local Mail (Perth) RSL. General Birdwood, Shire of 1/09/1952. Shire 20/08/ For fallen soldiers Local Commander-in-chief of Australian Balingup WW1 Donnybrook- Balingup RSL of Donnybrook- 1932 from district. Recognition. Military Forces, opened the Balingup Balingup - Survey memorial and planted the first Response. tree. Local Recognition - City of City of Cockburn, City of, Banjup 1920s WW1 Cockburn Complete Cockburn RSL Cockburn 2004. Municipal Heritage Inventory. The avenue was planted by local City of Eastern Region City of Bayswater - Bayswater 1997 Complete council. Bayswater RSL Survey Response.

Website - WW1 and Southwell-Keeley, Bicton City of Melville WW2 War Memorials in Australia 2007.

Personal Email - after For fallen soldiers Boyanup WW1 Shire of Capel Michelle Plume, WW1 from district. 29/07/2008.

148 Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups Gascogne RSL, Gascogne RSL The avenue was planted by the 18/11/ Shire of Carnarvon Shire of Carnarvon Carnarvon WW2 and Carnarvon Expanded local community in conjunction 2001 Carnarvon Naval Sub- - Survey Response. Naval Assoc. with the local RSL. group. The order of dedication was decided by ballot. The trees were to be cared for by relatives of May soldiers. Members of the local Richards 2003. Collie Shire of Collie 1921 Boys Scout Troup agreed to care Dargavel 1999. for trees when the relatives of those commemorated lived away from town. At least 1 tree was planted by City of City of Fremantle Fremantle 1931 WW1 Field Marshal Sir William Birdwood. Fremantle 1994. The avenue was planted by the Shire of Shire of Gnowangerup Gnowangerup 1930s local RSL and the trees are used in Gnowangerup - Gnowangerup RSL ANZAC Day ceremonies. Survey Response. The avenue was planted by the Oct City of City of Gosnells - Gosnells WW2 Locals who served. Amaroo Retirement Village and the 1995 Gosnells Survey Response. Rotary Club of Kenwick.

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in prior to WW1 and Local The trees are used in the ANZAC Shire of Kalamunda Kalamunda Complete Australia 2007. 1988 WW2 Recognition. Day March. Kalamunda RSL Shire of Kalamunda - Survey Response.

The President of the Kings Park board, Arthur Lovekin, was the driving force behind the Kings Park avenue. He suggested the avenue Website - and supplied some of the initial Southwell-Keeley, funds. All the planning and work War Memorials in Kings Park, from WW1 and Perth City Kings Park Expanded for the avenue was organised by Australia 2007. Perth 1919 WW2 Council Board the Kings Park board. Due to Richards 2003. difficulties in sourcing enough Wycherley 1994. trees and the failure of the oaks, Dargavel 1999. various tree species were used in the avenue. See case study in Chapter 2 for more details.

149 Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups Melville City Melville Dargavel 1999. Council Website - WW1 and Shire of Southwell-Keeley, Mingenew 1973 WW2 Mingenew War Memorials in Australia 2007. Website - Southwell-Keeley, 25/08/ Town of Mosman Park WW1 War Memorials in 1934 Mosman Park Australia 2007. Dargavel 1999. The avenue was planted by Survey of War 14/11/ For fallen soldiers voluntary labour and the funds for Nyabing WW1 Shire of Kent Memorials 1920- 1920 from district. the trees and guards were raised 21. by public subscription. Melville City Point Walter Richards 2003. Council

The local council and the Naval Association planted the trees. The Rockingham Rockingham All wars that Naval Local avenue is used for ANZAC Day and City of City of Rockingham 1994 Other Complete RSL, Naval (1) ships fought in. Recognition. Remembrance Day ceremonies as Rockingham - Survey Response. Association. well as various Naval anniversaries.

The trees were planted by the WW1, local council in conjunction with Rockingham WW2, Local City of Port Kennedy City of Rockingham 1998 Complete the RSL. The avenue is used on (2) Korea and Recognition. Rockingham RSL - Survey Response. ANZAC Day and Remembrance Vietnam. Day.

The trees were planted by the local council in conjunction with Rockingham Local City of Rockingham City of Rockingham 2000 All Wars the RSL. The avenue is used on (3) Recognition. Rockingham RSL. - Survey Response. ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day.

150 Other Current Name Date War Details Recognition History Local Council Associated References Status Groups Boer War, WW1, WW2, Korea, Vietnam, Olina The trees were planted by Bower Rebellion, Landcorp Developers on behalf of South Africa, Rockingham Several Local council. The trees are used in City of Rockingham City of Rockingham 2006 Sudan 1885, Iraq Complete (4) conflicts. Recognition. ANZAC Day and Remembrance Rockingham RSL. - Survey Response. 2003, Afghanistan Day ceremonies as well as during 2001-2, East various local festivals. Timor, Somalia and the Unknown Soldier. Local Recognition - Commemorates The avenue was planted by a City of 1/07/ WW2 - the bombing of representative from the Japanese City of Cockburn, City of, Spearwood Cockburn 1986 Hiroshima Hiroshima and the Consulate and the City of Cockburn 2004. Municipal ending of the war. Cockburn to mark Hiroshima Day. Heritage Inventory. Website - June City of Southwell-Keeley, Woodvale WW2 1995 Joondalup War Memorials in Australia 2007. Shire of Wooroloo Richards 2003. Mundaring

151 TABLE 5.20: WA MEMORIAL AVENUES – TREE SPECIES USED

Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations Mosman Park, Rockingham (1), Rockingham (2), Rockingham (3), Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine 5 Rockingham (4). Brachychiton acerfolius Flame tree 1 Rockingham (4). Callistemon spp. Bottlebrush 1 Rockingham (3). Cinnamomum camphora Camphor laurel 1 Collie. Corymbia calophylla Marri 1 Kings Park. Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering gums 1 Albany (1). Cupressus spp. Cypress 1 Nyabing. Eucalyptus spp. gum 1 Banjup. Eucalyptus botroides Bangalay 1 Kings Park. Eucalyptus cladocaylx Sugar gums 1 Kings Park. Eucalyptus robusta Swamp Mahogany 1 Albany (2). Fraxinus griffithii Evergreen ash 1 Armadale. Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidambar 2 Armadale, Bayswater. Quercus spp. oak 2 Balingup, Boyanup. Quercus robur English oak 1 Kings Park. Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm 2 Carnarvon, Fremantle. Pinus spp. pines 1 Melville. Platanus x acerifolia London Plane 3 Gosnells, Kings Park, Rockingham (4). Unknown 8 See table 5.26 Wodyetia bifurcata Foxtail Palm 1 Carnarvon.

152 5.8 Statistics

A total of 567 avenues have been recorded in this study. 2 in the ACT, 67 in NSW, 52 in Qld, 38 in SA, 69 in Tas, 312 in Vic and 27 in WA. Over half of Australia’s avenues of honour are in Victoria. While it is clear that Victoria planted many more avenues than most other states it is less clear why Tasmania has so many avenues recorded. This may represent a difference in the amount of research conducted on avenues in Tasmania than a real difference in the amount of plantings compared with mainland states. A large amount of research has been conducted in Tasmania in the last few years and many avenues identified (Howard 2005, Howard 2007, Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk 2007). Thorough local investigations in other states and territories may well identify many new avenues.

5.8.1 Current Features

TABLE 5.21: ORIGINAL AVENUE FEATURES.

Features of the original avenue planting State Single row of trees Double row of trees Tree guards Signs Tree plaques ACT 1 (50.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (50.0%) 1 (50.0%) NSW 16 (23.9%) 19 (28.4%) 12 (17.9%) 11 (16.4%) 25 (37.3%) Qld 6 (11.5%) 12 (23.1%) 5 (9.6%) 8 (15.4%) 24 (46.2%) SA 7 (18.4%) 13 (34.2%) 2 (5.3%) 5 (13.2%) 8 (21.1%) Tas 5 (7.2%) 9 (13.0%) 18 (26.1%) 6 (8.7%) 20 (29.0%) Vic 20 (6.4%) 64 (20.5%) 29 (9.3%) 53 (17.0%) 93 (29.8%) WA 4 (14.8%) 11 (40.7%) 3 (11.1%) 9 (33.3%) 16 (59.3%)

For many avenues the original features are unknown. From the available data it can be seen that single rows of trees occur quite commonly although the more standard double row (commonly with a road between the rows) is more usual. In rare cases the original planting was a triple or even quadruple row of trees although this was more frequently found in later plantings when avenues were extended or restored.

Tree guards were often used to protect newly planted trees and were largely removed when the trees matured. These structures were often constructed by volunteer labour from the local community. It is more difficult to calculate the prevalence of signs. Many signs that are currently in place may have been added at a later date than the original avenue planting. In some cases the avenue may not have been signposted originally as the entire community already new it was there and each tree was marked with a plaque. It is clear that less than a third of all avenues are currently signposted.

Individual tree plaques were a common feature and more avenues than shown in the above table may well have originally had plaques. In some cases all plaques may have been lost over time and records do not exist to clarify if they ever existed or not.

153 TABLE 5.22: INDIVIDUAL TREE PLAQUES.

Total no. of Number of plaques remaining Avenues with plaques State Avenues originally None 1-50% 50-99% All Unknown ACT 2 1 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (100%) 0 (0.0%) NSW 67 25 18 (72.0%) 1 (4.0%) 2 (8.0%) 2 (8.0%) 2 (8.0%) Qld 52 24 13 (54.2%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (4.2%) 2 (8.3%) 8 (33.3%) SA 38 8 2 (25.0%) 1 (12.5%) 1 (12.5%) 2 (25.0%) 2 (25.0%) Tas 69 20 10 (50.0%) 2 (10.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (10.0%) 6 (30.0%) Vic 312 93 44 (47.3%) 3 (3.2%) 6 (6.5%) 12 (12.9%) 28 (30.1%) WA 27 16 4 (25.0%) 2 (12.5%) 2 (12.5%) 3 (18.8%) 4 (25.0%)

From the avenues that we know had plaques originally it is clear that the loss of plaques over time is a significant problem. In all states (excluding the ACT) at least 25% have no plaques remaining in place and if the cases where an unknown number of plaques remain the situation is even more dire.

FIG 5.4: LOSS OF INDIVIDUAL TREE PLAQUES IN AVENUES.

Number of individual tree plaques remaining in avenues

18%

9% None 1-50% 50-99% All

7%

66%

Where figures are available well over half of the avenues have lost all of their memorial tree plaques. A small number are missing some tree plaques and only 18% have all plaques in place. Some of these have only recently been restored with all plaques and some other avenues have replacement plaques planned for the near future.

Vandalism and theft of tree plaques is a commonly reported problem as well as natural wear and tear which degrades and destroys the plaques over time.

154 5.8.2 Number of Trees

It is difficult to determine the exact number of avenue trees planted as this information has not yet been located for many avenues.

TABLE 5.23: AVAILABLE NUMBERS OF AVENUE TREES IN AUSTRALIA.

Total number of avenue trees Average number of trees per avenue At planting - Now – State more than more than At planting Now ACT 17 16 17 16 NSW 4828 3763 119 108 Qld 862 801 54 45 SA 880 778 65 60 Tas 2382 614 69 32 Vic 17620 11095 138 97 WA 1694 2576 133 198

Note: These numbers do not represent all avenues listed. They are based on all avenues where tree numbers are available (See preceding tables). For the purpose of this table any tree numbers listed as approximate where taken to be the exact value and where ranges where given the lowest number was used.

Given the number of avenues not represented by these figures they are not an accurate indicator of which states have more avenue trees than others. The number of avenues located for each state would be a more useful guide (see above). However it is clear that in most states the number of avenue trees has decreased over the years from the numbers originally planted. The only exception to this is Western Australia. The increase in avenue trees in that state can be attributed to the expansion of the Kings Park avenue from the original planting of 404 trees to 1131 at present, and the expansion at Carnarvon.

The average number of tree per avenue has decreased in all state except Western Australia (again the King Park and Carnarvon avenues produce an increase). It is difficult to judge how significant these decreases are but it can be assumed that we are losing avenue trees faster than we are replacing them.

TABLE 5.24: NUMBER OF TREES REMAINING FROM ORIGINAL AVENUE PLANTINGS.

Number of trees remaining in avenues More than original State 0-10% 11-49% 50-89% 90-100% planting ACT 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (100%) 0 (0.0%) NSW 5 (19.9%) 5 (19.9%) 3 (10.7%) 13 (46.4%) 2 (7.1%) Qld 0 (0.0%) 1 (8.3%) 3 (25.0%) 6 (50.0%) 2 (16.7%) SA 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (12.5%) 7 (87.5%) 0 (0.0%) Tas 9 (56.3%) 2 (12.5%) 2 (12.5%) 3 (18.8%) 0 (0.0%) Vic 33 (32.4%) 18 (17.6%) 12 (11.8%) 34 (33.3%) 5 (4.9%) WA 1 (10.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 6 (60.0%) 3 (30.0%)

Note: Avenues described as having ‘few’ trees left were categorised as 11-49% of the original avenue number. Avenues with 2 or less trees remaining but no indication of how many there were originally were catagorised as 0-10% of the original avenue number. Avenues described as having ‘most’ trees left were categorised as 50- 89% of the original avenue number.

155 The number of trees remaining from what was originally planted is only known for 50% or less of each states avenues (ACT 50%, NSW 58%, Qld 77%, SA 79%, Tas 77%, Vic 67%, WA 63%).

The ACT, NSW, Qld, SA and WA all had most avenues reporting 90% or more trees still present in the avenue compared to the number originally planted (in those cases where original and current numbers are available). Tasmania showed the greatest losses with over half (56.3%) of avenues having less than 10% of the original number of trees remaining. Victoria also showed significant losses with 32.4% of avenues recording less than 10% of trees remaining and a further 17.6% with less than 50% remaining.

It is important to note that a large amount of research has been conducted into Victoria’s avenues and more recently into Tasmania’s. The larger number of depleted avenues located in these states may be a reflection of the number of avenues that have been investigated. It is possible that the poorer avenues in other states are not listed as they are so degraded that their status as memorial avenues has been largely forgotten.

156 5.8.3 Tree Species

A surprisingly large number of tree species were used across Australia in memorial avenues. 129 have so far been identified. It is also interesting to note that several avenues used more than one tree species in their original construction as well as many avenues using different species as replacements for the original trees.

TABLE 5.25: TREE SPECIES USED IN MEMORIAL AVENUES

Species Common Name ACT NSW Qld SA Tas Vic WA Total Acacia spp. Wattle 1 2 3 Acacia baileyana Cootamundra Wattle 1 1 Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood 1 1 Acer spp. Maple 1 1 Acer pseudoplantanus Sycamore 1 1 Acer pseudoplantanus 'Purpureum' Copper Sycamore 1 1 Acmena smithii Lillypilli 2 2 Aesculus hippocastanum Horse Chestnut 3 1 4 Allocasuarina verticulata Drooping Sheoak 1 1 Alnus spp. Alder 1 1 Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Pine 1 2 3 Araucaria cunninghamia Hoop Pine 2 2 Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine 4 6 1 5 16 Betula spp. birch 1 1 2 Betula pendula Silver birch 2 2 Brachychiton acerfolius Flame tree 1 1 1 3 Brachychiton populous Kurrajong 3 4 7 Brachychiton rupestris Bottle tree 2 2 Butia spp. Butia palm 1 1 Callistemon spp. Bottlebrush 1 1 Casuarina spp. She-oak 1 1 Castanea satiua Spanish Chestnut 1 1 Cedrus spp. Cedar 1 1 Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar 1 1 2 Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca’ Blue Atlas Cedar 1 1 Cedrus deodora Indian cedar 1 1 2 Cedrus libani Lebanon cedar 1 1 1 3 Celtis spp. Celtis 1 1 Ceratonia siliqua Carob tree 1 1 Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel 6 4 1 11 Citrus sinensis Orange 1 1 Corymbia calophylla Marri 1 1 Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering gum 1 1 13 1 16 Corymbia maculata Spotted gum 1 1 2 4 Crataegus spp. Hawthorn 1 1 Cupressus spp. Cypress 1 7 1 9 Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress 7 19 26 Cupressus macrocarpa 'Horizontalis Aurea' Lambert's Cypress 1 1 Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress 1 1 Cupressus semipervirens 'Stricta' Roman cypress 1 1 Cupressus torulosa Bhutan cypress 1 1 Species Common Name ACT NSW Qld SA Tas Vic WA Total Ericaceae spp. Arbutus 1 1 157 Eucalyptus spp. gum 5 1 1 15 1 23 Eucalyptus argophloia Queensland White gum 1 1 Eucalyptus botryoides Mahogany gum 6 1 7 Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum 2 2 Eucalyptus citriodora Lemon Scented gum 1 1 2 4 Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar gum 3 1 12 1 17 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow gum 2 2 Eucalyptus mannifera Brittle gum 1 1 Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow box 1 1 Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey box 1 1 Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box 1 1 Eucalyptus robusta Swamp Mahogany 1 1 Eucalyptus sideroxylon Red Ironbark 1 1 Eucalyptus tricarpa Red Flowering Ironbark 1 1 Ficus spp. fig 1 1 Ficus benjamina Weeping fig 4 4 Ficus macrophylla Morton Bay fig 3 3 Ficus microcarpa var. hillii Hills Weeping fig 1 1 2 Ficus obliqua Small-leaved fig 1 1 Fraxinus spp. Ash 1 1 3 5 Fraxinus excelsior 'Aurea' Golden Ash 2 2 Fraxinus griffithii Evergreen ash 1 1 Fraxinus augustifolia var. oxycarpa Desert Ash 1 1 Fraxinus augustifolia var. oxycarpa ‘Raywoodii’ Claret Ash 3 1 1 5 Grevillia robusta Silky oak 3 6 9 Harpephyllum caffrum Kaffir Plum 1 1 Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda 2 2 4 Juglans regia Walnut 1 1 Koelreuteria paniculata Golden Rain Tree 1 1 Lagerstroemia spp. Crepe Myrtle 2 2 Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidamber 1 1 2 4 Lophostemon confertus Queensland Brushbox 2 1 2 5 Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia Nut trees 1 1 Mangifera spp. Mango 2 2 Melia azedarach White cedar 2 1 3 Peltophorum pterocarpum Yellow Flame tree 1 1 Phoenix spp. palm 1 1 2 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm 1 1 2 4 Picea spp. Spruce 1 1 2 Pinus spp. pine 1 1 2 12 1 17 Pinus canariensis Canary Island pine 1 1 Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Slash pine 1 1 Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine 1 2 2 1 6 Pinus lambertiana Sugar pine 1 1 Pinus radiata Monterey pine 1 1 3 6 11 Pistacia spp. Pistachio 1 1 Pittosporum spp. Pittosporum 1 1 Platanus spp plane 2 1 2 7 12 Platanus x acerifolia London plane 3 1 6 3 13 Platanus orientalis Oriental plane 4 4 Platanus occidentalis American plane 1 1 Species Common Name ACT NSW Qld SA Tas Vic WA Total Populus spp. Poplar 1 3 4 Populus alba White poplar 1 1

158 Populus alba 'Pyramidialis' Silver poplar 1 1 Populus x canadensis 'Regenerata' Canadian poplar 1 1 Populus nigra Black poplar 1 2 3 Japanese Flowering Prunus serrulata Cherry 1 2 3 Prunus subhirtella Weeping cherry 1 1 Quercus spp. oak 4 6 2 12 Quercus canariensis Algerian oak 4 4 Quercus castaneifolia Chestnut-leaved oak 2 2 Quercus faginea Portuguese oak 3 3 Quercus ilex Holly oak 1 1 Quercus laevis Turkey oak 1 1 Quercus robur English oak 1 4 16 1 22 Quercus palustris Pin oak 1 2 8 11 Rhododendron ponticum Common rhododendron 1 1 Sambucus nigra Elderberry 1 1 Schinus aeria var. molle Peppercorn 4 1 1 6 Sorbus spp. Rowan 1 1 Syagrus romanzoffiana Cocos Palm 1 1 Syzygium paniculatum Magenta Lilly pilli 1 1 Tamarix aphylla Athol tree 1 1 Taxodium spp. Swamp Cypress 1 1 Taxodium distichum Bald Cypress 1 1 Tilia spp. Lime (Linden) 1 1 Tilia europaea Common Lime (Linden) 1 1 Ulmus spp. elm 1 11 12 Ulmus americana Canadian elm 1 1 Ulmus glabra Wych elm 2 2 Ulmus glabra 'Lutescens' Golden Wych elm 1 1 Ulmus x hollandica Dutch elm 7 7 Ulmus x hollandica 'Purpurescens' Purple leaf elm 2 2 Ulmus procera English elm 1 2 13 16 Ulmus thomasii Cork elm 1 1 Unknown Unknown 1 24 26 13 36 156 8 264 Washingtonia filifera Cotton palm 1 1 Wodyetia bifurcata Foxtail plam 1 1

Where species have been identified the most commonly used species was the Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa). English oak (Quercus robur) and unidentified gums (Eucalyptus spp.) were also common. No particular species was significantly dominant in plantings. The wide variety of trees used represents a mix of native and introduced species but overall native trees were favoured.

159 FIG 5.5: PLANT FAMILIES USED IN MORE THAN ONE MEMORIAL AVENUE.

Families used in more than 1 avenue

Ulmus spp. 42 Tilia spp. 2 Taxodium spp. 2 Quercus spp. 56 Prunus spp. 4 Populus spp. 10 Platanus spp 30 Pinus spp. 37 Picea spp. 2 Phoenix spp. 6 Mangifera spp. 2 Lagerstroemia spp. 2 Fraxinus spp. 14 Ficus spp. 11 Eucalyptus spp. 64 Cupressus spp. 39 Corymbia spp. 20 Cedrus spp. 9 Brachychiton spp. 12 Betula spp. 4 Araucaria spp. 21 Acer spp. 3 Acacia spp. 5

010203040506070

Various species of gum (Eucalyptus spp. and Corymbia spp.) were the most commonly used group of species followed by the oaks (Quercus spp.) and the elms (Ulmus spp.). Cypress (Cupressus spp.) were also frequently used.

A large number of avenues still contain unknown tree species and further investigations may change the observed species distributions.

TABLE 5.26: AVENUES WITH UNKNOWN TREE SPECIES

Canberra (ACT) The Rock (NSW) Mapleton (Qld) Berkeley Vale (NSW) Tingha (NSW) Marian (Qld) Cudgegong (NSW) Tuggerah (NSW) Monto (Qld) Cundletown (NSW) Uranquinty (NSW) Mount Morgan (Qld) Dunedoo (NSW) Wee Jasper (NSW) Pechey (Qld) Fairfield (NSW) Beerburrum (Qld) Southport (Qld) Five Dock (NSW) Bowen (Qld) Springsure (Qld) Forster (NSW) Caloundra (Qld) Tennyson (Qld) Gunnedah (NSW) Canungra (Qld) Toowoomba 2 (Qld) Howlong (NSW) Carmila (Qld) Wynnum (Qld) Jerilderie (NSW) Cecil Plains (Qld) Yarranlea (Qld) Kelso (NSW) Coolangatta (Qld) Coromandel Valley (SA) Kempsey (NSW) Enoggera (Qld) Hawker (SA) Milton (NSW) Eumundi 1 (Qld) Henley Beach South (SA) Murrumbateman (NSW) Gin Gin (Qld) Hindmarsh (SA) Murrumburrah (NSW) Gracemere (Qld) Maitland (SA) Schofield (NSW) Gympie (Qld) Milang (SA) Shaws Creek (NSW) Jondaryan (Qld) Moonta (SA) Stroud Road (NSW) Kallangur (Qld) Mt Barker (SA) Tamworth (NSW) Kawana (Qld) Pinnaroo (SA)

160 Port MacDonnell (SA) Ballarat East (Vic) Heidelberg (Vic) Salisbury (SA) Bandiana (Vic) Highett (Vic) Stockport (SA) Barnawartha (Vic) Horsham 1 (Vic) Stone Hut (SA) Bass (Vic) Hurstbridge (Vic) Avoca (Tas) Beeac (Vic) Jeparit (Vic) Barnes Bay (St Peters) (Tas) Bentleigh (Vic) Kangaroo Hills (Vic) Bellerive (Tas) Berrys Creek (Vic) Lilydale (Vic) Breadalbane (Tas) Beulah (Vic) Lismore (Vic) Burnie (Tas) Bonnie Doon (Vic) Loch (Vic) Clarence Point (Tas) Box Hill (Vic) Maffra (Vic) Franklin Village (Tas) Branxholme (Vic) Mansfield (Vic) George Town (Tas) Broadford (Vic) Merino (Vic) Glen Dhu (Tas) Broadmeadows (Vic) Metung (Vic) Glen Huon (Tas) Browns Plains (Vic) Millgrove (Vic) Glenora (Tas) Buangor (Vic) Mitcham (Vic) Goulds Country (Tas) Buchan South (Vic) Monbulk (Vic) Gretna (Tas) Bullarook (Vic) Moonee Ponds 2 (Vic) Huonville (Tas) Bundalaguah (Vic) Moorabbin (Vic) Irishtown (Tas) Buninyong (Vic) Moriac (Vic) Kempton (Tas) Burwood (Vic) Mornington (Vic) Kingston (Tas) Byaduk (Vic) Mount Evelyn (Vic) Launceston 2 (Tas) Cambrian Hill (Vic) Mumbannar (Vic) Legerwood (Tas) Campbells Creek (Vic) Murrayville (Vic) Mangana (Tas) Caulfield (Vic) Murtoa (Vic) Melton Mowbray (Tas) Cobram (Vic) Myrniong 1 (Vic) Montague (Tas) Coburg (Vic) Myrniong 2 (Vic) Myalla (Tas) Coimadai (Vic) Nareeb (Vic) National Park (Tas) Colac (Vic) Newlyn (Vic) Port Arthur/Carnarvon (Tas) Coldstream (Vic) Newtown (Vic) Randalls Bay (Tas) Cressy (Vic) Numurkah (Vic) Ringarooma (Tas) Croydon (Vic) Oakleigh (Vic) Ross (Tas) Curlewis (Vic) Officer (Vic) Scottsdale (Tas) Dean (Vic) Orbost (Vic) Snug (Tas) Diggers Rest (Vic) Pakenham Upper (Vic) St Nicholas (Fingal) (Tas) Dimboola (Vic) Paynesville (Vic) Stanley (Tas) Donald (Vic) Pearcedale (Vic) Waratah (Tas) Dunolly (Vic) Penshurst (Vic) Westbury (Tas) Eganstown (Vic) Plenty (Vic) Woodbridge (Tas) Emerald 2 (Vic) Piggoreet (Vic) Wynyard (Tas) Euroa 2 (Vic) Port Fairy (Vic) Youngtown (Tas) Fairfield-Alphington (Vic) Redbank (Vic) Addington (Vic) Ferny Creek (Vic) Red Bluff (Vic) Amphitheatre (Vic) Frankston (Vic) Rokewood (Vic) Anglesea (Vic) Garibaldi (Vic) Rokewood Junction (Vic) Arthurs Creek(Vic) Geelong North (Vic) Ross Creek (Vic) Avoca (Vic) Gellibrand (Vic) Rossbridge (Vic) Bairnsdale (Vic) Glen Lyon (Vic) Rowsley (Vic) Ballangeich (Vic) Goornong (Vic) Rushworth (Vic) Ballarat 2 (Vic) Great Western (Vic) Sale East (Vic) Ballarat 3 (Vic) Haddon (Vic) Scarsdale-Newtown( Vic) Ballarat 4 (Vic) Hamilton 1 (Vic) Sebastopol (Vic) Ballarat 5 (Vic) Hamilton 2 (Vic) Seville (Vic) Ballarat 6 (Vic) Happy Valley (Vic) Seymour (Vic) Ballarat 7 (Vic) Hawthorn West (Vic) Smythesdale 1 (Vic) Ballarat 8 (Vic) Healesville (Vic) Springmount (Vic)

161 Staghorn Flat (Vic) Stockyard Hill (Vic) Stratford (Vic) Swifts Creek (Vic) Talbot (Vic) Tanwood (Vic) Tarneit (Vic) Thougla (Vic) Tintaldra (Vic) Torquay (Vic) Towong (Vic) Trawalla (Vic) Tyabb (Vic) Ullina (Vic) Violet Town (Vic) Walwa (Vic) Warrion (Vic) Wedderburn (Vic) Werneth (Vic) Whitfield (Vic) Whittlesea 1 (Vic) Whittlesea 2 (Vic) Willaura (Vic) Winslow (Vic) Woodend 2 (Vic) Woodend 3 (Vic) Woodhouse-Nareeb (Vic) Woodford (Vic) Yarra Glen (Vic) Yendon (Vic) Yarrawonga 1 (Vic) Yarrawonga 2 (Vic) Bicton (WA) Gnowangerup (WA) Kalamunda (WA) Mingenew (WA) Point Walter (WA) Spearwood (WA) Woodvale (WA) Wooroloo (WA)

162 5.8.4 When the Avenues were Planted

The planting date of 165 (29.1%) of avenues is unknown, but more than half the avenues in each state have been dated.

TABLE 5.27: WHEN MEMORIAL AVENUES IN AUSTRALIA WERE PLANTED.

1920 - 1930 - 1940 - 1950- 1960 1970- 1980- 1990 - 2000 - State <1920 29 39 49 59 -69 79 89 99 08 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ACT (0.0%) (50.0%) (0.0%) (50.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) 25 19 2 2 4 1 1 1 3 2 NSW (37.3%) (28.4%) (3.0%) (3.0%) (6.0%) (1.5%) (1.5%) (1.5%) (4.5%) (3.0%) 7 8 1 2 0 1 0 2 5 3 Qld (13.5%) (15.4%) (1.9%) (3.8%) (0.0%) (1.9%) (0.0%) (3.8%) (9.6%) (5.8%) 7 1 3 6 0 0 0 0 2 2 SA (18.4%) (2.6%) (7.9%) (15.8%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (5.3%) (5.3%) 22 4 2 6 4 2 0 0 0 1 Tas (31.9%) (5.8%) (2.9%) (8.7%) (5.8%) (2.9%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (1.4%) 123 56 6 22 5 0 2 2 7 4 Vic (39.4%) (17.9%) (1.9%) (7.1%) (1.6%) (0.0%) (0.6%) (0.6%) (2.2%) (1.3%) 1 5 4 0 1 0 1 2 5 3 WA (3.7%) (18.5%) (14.8%) (0.0%) (3.7%) (0.0%) (3.7%) (7.4%) (18.5%) (11.1%)

In NSW, SA, Tas and Vic the largest number of avenues were planted before 1920. Many of these avenues were planted before the end of WW1. Planting continued into the 1920s, particularly in Qld and WA. A smaller number of avenues were established in the 1940s around the time of WW2 and several existing avenues were extended.

163 FIG 5.6: WHEN MEMORIAL AVENUES IN AUSTRALIA WERE PLANTED.

Planting dates of memorial avenues in Australia

200 185 180 165 160

140

120

100 94

No. ofavenues 80

60

39 40 22 18 20 14 15 7 4 4 0 <1920 1920-29 1930-39 1940-49 1950-59 1960-69 1970-79 1980-89 1990-99 2000-2009 Unknown Year

The national planting trend can clearly be seen in Figure 5.6. 32.6% of Australia’s avenues were planted before 1920. A further 16.6% were planted in the 1920s. Only a few avenues were planted in the 1930s before another, much smaller, planting spike in the 1940s due to WW2. Only 6.9% of avenues were planted in the 1940s as avenues were extended rather than established and other forms of memorial were built such as halls and schools. Between the 1950s and 1980s very few new avenues were planted. In more recent times there has been a small resurgence in avenue planting with 6.5% of avenues having been planted in the past 2 decades.

5.8.5 Wars Commemorated

TABLE 5.28: WARS COMMEMORATED BY MEMORIAL AVENUES.

Boer State War WW1 WW2 Korea Vietnam Other Person Unknown 0 ACT (0.0%) 1 (50.0%) 1 (50.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 53 NSW (3.0%) (79.1%) 18 (26.9%) 4 (6.0%) 4 (6.0%) 2 (3.0%) 1 (1.5%) 2 (3.0%) 1 30 Qld (1.9%) (57.7%) 17 (32.7%) 4 (7.7%) 6 (11.5%) 7 (13.5%) 3 (5.8%) 6 (11.5%) 0 14 13 SA (0.0%) (36.4%) 12 (31.6%) 2 (5.3%) 2 (5.3%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) (34.2%) 2 59 Tas (2.9%) (85.5%) 13 (18.8%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (2.9%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 3 218 54 Vic (1.0%) (69.9%) 52 (16.7) 7 (2.2%) 15 (4.8%) 5 (1.6%) 2 (0.6%) (17.3%) 0 15 WA (0.0%) (55.6%) 13 (48.1%) 4 (14.8%) 4 (14.8%) 4 (14.8%) 0 (0.0%) 6 (22.2%)

Note: The same avenue can commemorate several wars.

164 In all states except SA over half of the memorials avenues commemorate WW1. Fewer represent WW2 and a scattering of other wars are represented. Several avenues are dedicated to all conflicts or to specific individuals. 8 avenues were specifically planted for the Boer War and 7 were planted solely for Vietnam. A number of WW1 avenues were extended to include soldiers from WW2.

FIG 5.7: NUMBER OF AVENUES COMMEMORATING VARIOUS WARS.

Avenues representing various wars

450

400 390

350

300

250

200 No. of Avenues of No.

150 126

100 81

50 31 21 20 8 6 0 Boer War WW1 WW2 Korea Vietnam Other Person Unknown War

Note: The same avenue can commemorate several wars.

Nationally 68.8% of avenues commemorate WW1, 22.2% commemorate WW2 and 14.3% of avenues are not yet identified with a specific conflict.

5.8.6 Who planted Australia’s Memorials

TABLE 5.29: WHO PLANTED THE MEMORIAL AVENUES.

State Community Council RSL Other Unknown ACT 1 (50.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (50.0%) NSW 29 (43.3%) 12 (17.9%) 9 (13.4%) 4 (6.0%) 24 (35.8%) Qld 14 (26.9%) 7 (13.5%) 4 (7.7%) 2 (3.8%) 32 (61.5%) SA 11 (28.9%) 10 (26.3%) 6 (15.8%) 1 (2.6%) 18 (47.4%) Tas 38 (55.1%) 8 (11.6%) 2 (2.9%) 0 (0.0%) 30 (43.5%) Vic 90 (28.8%) 15 (4.8%) 10 (3.2%) 4 (1.3%) 208 (66.7%) WA 5 (20.8%) 5 (20.8%) 7 (29.2%) 3 (12.5%) 13 (54.2%)

The details of who planted the avenues is not known for more than half of the avenues listed. However where such details are known it was most frequently the local community

165 that planted the trees. Various community groups such as the local patriotic league or progress associations are often credited with the original idea but most commonly the money and labour was volunteered by the local community.

Avenues were frequently a collaboration between the local community and the local council or RSL. In essence all 3 groups could be considered the local community and therefore very few avenues were established by any forces other than the local community. There are a few avenues that were established by individuals such and the memorial at Shepparton, Vic and some by other military organizations or institutions such as Cowra, NSW and Macleod, Vic.

166 5.9 Other Memorial Trees

5.9.1 Remembrance Driveway

One other significant type of memorial is the Remembrance Driveway between Sydney and Canberra.

In early 1952 the Garden Club of Australia suggested establishing a ‘Remembrance Driveway’ between Sydney and Canberra. Later that year the Remembrance Driveway Committee was established and by 1953 the scheme was publicly supported by the NSW state government. In 1954 The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh each planted a Plane Tree (Platanus x acerifolia) at the start of the Driveway in Macquarie Place, Sydney. The Queen also planted a Snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora) at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra to mark the end of the Driveway. Public appeals for funding followed and there were many plans for the Driveway (Correy 1997). Along the Hume Highway and Federal Highway route many small parks were set up or planned with individual memorials, including commemorating all Australian Victoria Cross (VC) recipients. Over the years the Driveway encountered many problems. The sheer size of the plantings caused logistical and funding issues (Correy 1997, Armstrong 1986). Recent restoration attempts have improved several sections.

The Driveway and its associated sections are not defined as avenues of honour for the purposes of this study but warrant further investigation in their own right.

5.9.2 Lone Pines and Single Trees

There are a large number of ‘Lone Pine’ (Pinus halepensis) trees planted around Australia. These are all purportedly the progeny of a single pine tree felled at Gallipoli. They are a very common memorial and it is unknown exactly how many have been planted. There has been debate and controversy over the years about the exact origins of some of the trees and the location of the first Lone Pine planted. The resolution of these matters is beyond the scope of this study.

5.9.3 Other Memorials

A variety of other tree memorials exist. Memorial gardens are common and memorial parks and reserves are often well vegetated and cared for. This study identified a number of memorial groves which have been omitted from the above lists as they cannot be categorised as avenues. Many of these have interesting histories and it is likely that deeper investigation in to these other types of memorials would find many interesting variations, for example the recent planting at the Milang Soldiers Memorial Gardens and Anzac Park, SA. This project aims to plant a tree native to every country Australia has fought a war in or been allied with (Alexandrina Council 2008).

167