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FORMERLY SOCIETY NEWS cbrcoco Je(Drsl.) l.:rst

A CandidAssessment of Jews Hold Exhibit-Related In ChicagoPolitics Since 1920 Meetingat Spertus A VeteranIndeoendent Looks Back OnJanuary 14 At VariedAchievements, Shortcomings PanelWill Discuss by Leon M. Despres LandsmanshaftenRoles

n opportunity to hear ( ( ewsin ChicagoPolitics" is a fascinatingsubject. A completeand about lands- f manshaftenas well as view an I accurateaccount would requirethe carefulattention of a histori- U^ extensiveexhibit about them will an.assisted by severalstud;nts. At best,I am preparedto sketch be affordedmembers and friendsat the someaspects in the hopeof inspiring someoneto carry the subjectfurther. Societymeeting set for Sunday,January I havetaken the period from 1920on becauseit coverspart of my lifetime 14,at SpenusCollege. The aftemoonwill and providesme with a frame of referencefor the material.I think I can providean in-deptheducation conceming dealwith it moreaccurately than if I tried to go backto the Civil War. fhe nurturing and acculturatingroles Since about 1920,there has been a Jewishpopulation base in assumedby thesefriendly societiesfor Chicagolarge enough to encourageambitious Jewish people to become (ontinuedon ru!:( 2 candidatesfor public office. I havegone through the recordsof local alder- men,congressmen, state representatives, state senators, city officialsand Although it is well over a hun- stateofficials and compileda list of Jewsamong them. You are not inter- dred years since the first local Jews estedin the detailsof that list-how many aldermenthere were, how many attainedpolitical office, the real heydayof senators-but it is importantto notethat therewere a greatmany. Jewishpoliticians was the decadesfollow- Nevera Chicagomayor, however. There were two Jewishcandi- ing World War L As the Jewishpopulation datesfor Mayor, BernardEpton and Bill Singer,but nevera Jewishmayor. dispersesirself more widely throughthe Therewere many staterepresentatives and statesenators, and severalJew- mefopolitan area, there are signs that that heydaymay drawing ish congressmen,but no U.S. senator.There was one electedgovemor of be to a close. Illinois, Henry Horner;and a lieutenantgovernor, Samuel Shapiro, who The writer of the adjoining arti- cle, Attorney Leon Despres, Decameacung governor. has been active in politics for over a half-century, most prominently as an independentand Many JewishJudges fearlessalderman for two decadesbefore There were many, many Jewishelected judges becauseour tradi- retidng undefeated. He here providesan tion hasattracted Jews into the legal profession. A studyof Chicago'sJew- assessmentof "represeotative"local Jewish ishjudges could yield an interestinganalysis of their contributionto the politicianssince 1920 as ivell as thoughrful law. Among distinguishedjudges, I mentiononly Arthur Goldberg,the insightsinto recantpolitical history. This Chicagolawyer who becamea justice of the United StatesSupreme Court; paper was adaptedfrom an addressgiven at and SeymourSimon, a Chicagolawyer who becamean outstandingIlli- a recentSociety meeting.

onnntrcd otr Pag? o new book titled N.1.1onAl.grt tt A LiJi,ott tht lliltl SiJt.b,v Bcttina Drcw. Thc book ii a lirscinatingaccount ol lhis Chicrgo icono- clasl who *as born ol Jcwish patrcnts.Hi\ piile fn aI glrndpirrenls !\crc orig in d11y Exhibits,Books Chrislian Srvcdcs\\ho convc(ed to Orlho d()x Juclilisn'lilnd chlngcd thcir n{Inc lionl Providelmportant AItrrcnlo Abrahlrn. A{icr hc bcganwriting. Nelson chonllcd his nilmc brck lo Algreu Insights and rarcly relclrcd lo this Jcrvish bacl ground. xhibits antl books ar-ctwo ol lhc Thc Ch icago Jcwish Historical cuslonraryvehicles uscd lo fcmind Socictl is gralilic(l thrl its Landsrndn- us of our past hcrilagc and hist(r'y. President shi!ltcnexhibit sharcslhc spotli-qhlwilh lhc We hnve rccenlly been li)rlunlle lo be ben- Walter Both olhcr cxhibils which rre bricfly clcscribc(l eliciariesol a nunrbcrol cxhibils rnd b(x)ks abovc.All arc wcll wo h vicwing as ollcr' lhal aclllc to us rs Amcrican Jcw\ living in ry of lhc Jcws ol Alncricil. ittr.:r p.rrrorurtticvrcu ul nur lilc irt Chi.rrg,' Chicago. He has jusl wrillen r book. 711 and ol our Europcanhcritlrgc. On Wcclncsclav.Novenrbcl 15. .l?$.\ in Ant(riru Fout- C(ntut l(s o.l un Wrlrcr Rorh I h,rnl. 191i9.our Chicrgo Jcwish Hisloricrl Soci ttnt\\ I-tIIt'uIt|,t- In lrr. H,.r'tzh..r'.: Prcsiclcnt ety opened Lrmajor cxhibit at Spcltus r.\,Irnl, rhc Ili.t,,f) ,'l rlr\ Jiw.,'l Arrre|ir.r Muscum ol Juclaicl on Landsmxnshlltt'll lronr carlicst coloniill li es through the in Chicrgo." Despile cold irnd bluslcfl It,rtl:rr ',1 lll( Ccrr||iltrJ($r.h nnrrlr!r'irlr',n wcathcr. (hc opcniDg.undc.thc chdir rrn in thc rriJ l,{{Yl\ t'\ thf trir\. inllur,,l J',','r ship ol Jrnet Hagerup. was well attcDdcd inmigr{nts tion EaslcrnEuropc. dncllhcn SpertusMeeting and warnrly acclaimed by lll who wcre to lhc posl wdr movenrenlsol Jews 1()thc thcre.The l'estivilicsincludcd brief talks by sLrburbs.Whilc nol lbcusctl on Chicago OnJanuary 14 Adele Hast. Sol Brandzcl and Sidncy Jewry as such, Hertzberg s book drarvs it t atltt ttl ltr)rt t)trt l Sorkin. Their presentationsincluded the number of controvcrsial conclusions on history of landsmanshaftenin Chicago by Amcrican Jewry's present strtus and its Jewislr and other immigrants to Amenca during the piLst Adcle, personalmemories of one of these continuingstruggle to integrateinto Amefl- cenlury. groups by Sol and a fascinatingaccounl of can culture. A panel discussionleaturing Dr. how many of the pictures and artif'actswere Adelc Hast, David Passman, Maynard located by Sidney.All werc splendid.The Deutth E.rhibit,Algren Biography Wishner, and Sidney Sorkin will be the cxhibit will be on display at Spertus Not tar fiom the SpertusMuseum main event of the day. Among them they through January and all members and thereis anotherfine exhibit on the rrrarr will discussthe formation ol lriendly soci friend\ are urged to r iew this unique floor of the ChicagoPublic Library Cultur- eties, the nature of the interrelationships glimpse of communal life of Jewish in al Center,featuring the photographsof that brought individuals together.the soci Chicagoa few decadesago. StevenDeutch, "From Paristo Chicago, eties'functionsboth socialand service,and 1932-1989."A bookbearing the sametitle the activitiesin which they cngaged. ViennaExhihit, HertzbergHistory and featuringthe black-and-whitepho- The fbllowingnight the Museum tographswhich made Deutch famous as a Exhihit Reinforce s Prcgram hostedthe opening of anotherexhibit high-stylecommercial photographer as well Thepresentation by thepanel will alongsideours on "The Jewsof Vienna." as an artistic photographerof everydaylife be vividly reinforcedby the exhibitju.l Thisexhibit, on loanfiom theJewish com- in Chicago(and elsewhere) is on saleat the outsideBederman Hall, wherethe program munity in Vienna,Austria is a pictorial Cenler.ll notesthal Deurchwas born in will be held.The exhibit,which includes accountof what was onceone of the most Hungaryof a very religiousJewish father. photos.ceremonialobject.r und insigniaas "enlightened"Jewish communities in West- Nothingfurther is saidon this subjectin the well as the music of variousJewish and ern Europe.It depictsthe history of the bookexcept that Deutch'smother and her non-Jewishfriendly societies,has been Jewsof Viennafrom earlymedieval times sonsdid not sharehis religiousfervor and mountedby the ChicagoJewish Historical untiltheir destruction by theNazis in l93lt. this "cul a deep chasmin the family." Societywith theaid of a grantfrom the Illi- ll .hor^\ u\. for erample.lhal at onetime Deutchand his family movedto Parisand nois Arts Council and the NationalEndow latein thenineleenth century there lived on then left Europein the early 1930'sas mentlor the Humanities.Janet Hagerup i. one block in ViennaSigmund Freud, Gus- Hitlerrose to powerin Germany. generalchairman. tav Mahlerand Theodore Herzl. Deutch'sphotographs of skid-row Contributionscame from many At the openingnight of the Vien- denizensand other scenesgive us an sourcesincluding the Czechoslovakian na exhibit,the principal speaker was Rabbi unusualphotographic glimpse of Chicago. HistoricalMuscum in Berwyn.The exhibit Arthur Hertzberg, known to many Deutch was a close friend of Nelson remainson displayat Spertus,618 South Chicagoansas pastpresident of the Ameri- Algren.the Chicagowriter who wrote of MichiganAvenue, through January. canJewish Congress, and now a professor the boozejoints and the poor who drank and lhought-provoking Jewish political themselvesinto oblivionalong Divrsron Panel Has VariedExpertise leader Hertzberg'sspeech compared events Street.Pictures of Algren are includedin Dr. Hast, pasr presidentof the in the historyof the Jewsin Viennawith theDeutch exhibit. Societyand a historianassociated with the supposedlycomparable evenls in the histo- Algren himself is the subjectof a Newberry Library, played a major role in 2 mounling the exhibit. Mr. Passman.a Soci- ely Board member.is l membcr ol a Ilnrily long promincnt in r particular landsnran- shali, lhe Marir'rpolel Aid Socicty.Sidncy Sorkin. another Board member. hrs been collecling dala on Iandsmanshaflcn lor decrdesrnd is currently conrpiling a book ( lhc subjcct.Mr. Wishncr will discussthe Bielolzerkover.rn oulgrowlh ol lhe work men s circ lc. 'fhc panel presentalion at 2t00 PM will bc prccccicdat l:00 PM by a social hour uncirelieshnrent period during which the cxhibil nray bc viewctl. The panel will be introduced by Progrrrn Chairnlan Burt Robin. The term landsmanshdlt. lilerrl l\ lhe Yiddish lirr an organizltion o1-men lroln u piirticulilr geogrrphicNl iLrcr. hils hei,'rrtr tlrc uDrhrcllulcnll lbr or!.rni/ulion' of inlnligrants regardlessol thc basis of thcif ofgilnizationor the specific purposes lhe\ . nrlh!.i/ed. Tlrey lrurc sonrctirrrc' been namcd vcreins. rings. circles or sokols. tr Sol Bjandzel examines map locating shtetls at Landsmanshatlen Exhibit at Sperlus College. Pbto h| Moscllc,hrdtt. timeofficer of CJHS,who diedsuddenly in evening.November 15. Despiteinclement Offer$1,000 Award early 1988.Her husband,attorney Joseph weather,they cameto SpertusCollege for a ForManuscript Minsky.requested creation of the fund,to previewof theexhibit. for brieftalks about on whichhundreds of individualsfiom several the display and its importanceand for fel- LocalJewishHistory statescontributed and continueto con- lowshipand refreshments. tnbute. ExhibitChairman Janet Hagerup MinskyFundTo Puhlish Societymembers are eligible to welcomedguests and explainedhow the receivea complimentarycopy of eachMin- exhibit was developedand put together, Prize-WinningEnn"y sky Fund publicationas it appears.No merely hinting at the huge effort and hun- monographappeared in 1989.Fund com- dredsof hours put in by the chairmanand mitteemembers, in additionto Dr Cutler, cashaward of $ 1,000and publica- hercommittee. areJoseph Minsky. Mark Mandle, Norman tion of a monographor studycon- Dr.Adele Hast, who, among other Schwanzand Dr.Irwin Suloway. cernedwith local Jewishhistory things,wrote explanatory captions for each A statementof rules and proce- are being offeredby the Doris Minsky item displayed,spoke of the history and for MemorialFund of the Societyin connec- dure thesubmission of manuscriptsmay importanceol friendlyand mutual-aid socr- be obtainedfrom Dr Cutler Hill lion with its l99Qrs11q5 for manu"cripts. at 3217 eties:and SidneySorkin, the committee's Lane,Wilmette. IL 60091,([708]251-8927) Manuscriptscan be submiltedto the fund major resourceperson. discussed how over or from the Society ofiice anylime through June 30 accordingto at 618 South the year. he ha\ collectedinformltion ChairmanIrving Cutler. MichiganAvenue, Chicago, IL 60605. C aboutthe groups. The manuscriptselected by the Sol Brandzeltold of his personal fund committeetiom amongthose submit- experienceswith a particularlandsman- tedwill be publishcdand distributed by the AppreciativeCrowd shaft, that of Stashover.Mark Mandle Societyand will eam the cashprize for its servedas barman,dispensing wine and author. Dr. Cutlerreminds readers that a EnjoysSpertus monitoringother refreshments. guidelinelength of 15,000words has been Constantthroughoul the e\ ening setand thal while the committeeis looking ExhibitOpening wasthe praiseby guestsfor the varieddis- for manuscriptswhich contributeto our play of photos. objectsand maps in the knowledgeof ChicagoJewish history. it Society'sDisplay On View exhibit.which was aidedby a grantlrom prelersone which will alsobe of interestto the IllinoisAns Counciland the National the generalreader. ThroughJanuary 3l Endowmentfor theHumanities. The awardand publication by the Societyare madepossible by incomefrom pproximatelyone hundredmem- A freecatalog folder of theexhib- the Minsky Fund.created by donations bersand friendsattended the open- it is availableto visitors,who haveuntil from the family and many friendsof the ing ceremoniesof the Society's January30 to viewthe display. late Doris Minsky, a co-founderand long- exhibit on Iandsmanshaftenon Wednesday r.J.s. 3 ride on the Sabbath.Al's fatherwas, however. more A JewishG-Man Remembers "modern"and his childrenquickly dropped many of the HisDays as an 'Untouchable' Europeanreligious customs of theirmother. Al grew to be six feet, two inchestall with a 'Wallpaper' Wolff Workedwith largeframe that stoodhim in good steadas he grew up in Ne s s D uring Pro hibitio n the the Maxwell Streetarea, a roughneighborhood at times. He learnedthe art of prizefightingand met many By WalterRoth of the Jewishboys who later becamegreat fighters, like BarneyRoss, "Zibby" Goldberg,Charlie White and DaveyDay. In 1918,though underage, he enlistedin the you ow did a nice Jewishboy like become U.S.Army andwas in Hawaiion his way to theFar East 56 parr question of the Untouchables?"The has whenWorld War I ended. often beenposed to Al "Wallpaper"Wolff, In 1921,making use of his father'spolitical not only by the writer but alsoby many of his friends. con- nections,Al embarkedupon his careeras a civiliangov- He is the last memberof a team of fifteen U.S. Govem- ernmentemployee with a job in the office of Denny ment agentsknown as the Untouchables,who, underthe Egan,bailiff of theChicago municipal court. It washere leadershipof Elliot Ness,became famous in Chicago that he earnedhis nickname"Wallpaper" when, from 1929to 1933fighting the bootleggerswho prolifer- as bailiff, he (pursuant atedduring the yearsof Prohibition(1920-36) when the evicted someone to court order,of course)he movedout everythingexcept the wallpaper. saleof alcoholicbeverages was illegal in thiscountry. Al now livesin Lincolnwood,is eighty-sixyears Joining The FBI old and is planningto write a book abouthis exploits. After four yearsin the bailiff's office, Al applied Perhapsin his book he will give us the answerto the for a job with the FederalBureau of Investigation(FBI) questionI andothers have asked him. For thepresent, Al underthe then youngJ. EdgarHoover. He did this could not give any good reason,and he insinuatedthat I despitethe adviceof Julius"Putty" Annixter,a distant would have to get my own answerfrom the story of his relativeof his motherand the owner of a well-known life ashe tellsit. WestSide Jewish restaurant and gamblingestablishment, Al wasbom in 1903on Chicaso'sold WestSide whotold him he couldmake more money elsewhere, and nearMaxwell Street. His father.Hariis Wolff iHershie despitethe fact that therewere virtually no JewishFBI Welfe in Yiddish) had beenborn in Hamburg,Germany, agents.FBI agentsearned about $2,500 a year at that and cameto this countryin the late 1800's.Hanis met time.But Annixteralso told him that if he wasgoing to andmarried Rosa, an immigrantfrom Lithuania,became be a G-man,then he shouldbe an honestone andnever a physicianand openedan office at Twelfth and Canal be on the"take." It wasadvice that Al heededwell in his Streetsnear the upstairsapartment in whichhe lived.Al govemmentcareer, even though he saysthere were many wasborn thereand remembersthe chederand synagogue timeswhen he wasoffered bribes. he attendedas a boy was locatedat Thirteenthand Assignedto theAlcoholic Enforcement Division, SawyerStreets (Shaarei Torah Anshei Maariv). He Al wassent to placesin Kentuckyto raid distilleries.In learnedhis Bar Mitzvah parshaby word of mouth from 1929Al requesteda transferback to Chicago.He was the rabbithere, helped along with an occasional"potch" assignedto Elliot Ness'team in Chicagoas an undercov- to inspirehim. er agent.Scrupulous honesty and resistance to corruption earnedthe teamthe nickname"Untouchables." He has AttendeclJewish Traininp School many storiesof his raidson the speakeasiesand the He attendedthe JewishManual Training School numerousarrests of bootleggersin Chicago.Since he locatedat Juddbetween Clinton and JeffersonStreets. was an undercoveragent, no one knew his truerole, so That school,founded by wealthyGerman Jews to edu- he says,not evenhis wife and children.As Al remem- catechildren of more recently-arrived pro- immigrants, bersit, he lookedlike a "Kraut" and whenhe didn't ducedmany Jewishcommunal leaders and successful shavehe lookedlike an Italian. businessmenduring its thirtyyears of existence.Al's Al wasmarried in 1926to HannahRubens at motherwas quite religious,wore a shaiteland did not TempleBeth Israel,a congregationto which he still belongs,by RabbiSamuel Mendelsohn. He andhis wife Although a number of new careerchoices opened up for had two sonsand one daughterwho now live in other Jcwish men during thc yearsfollowing World War I, law enforce- partsof thecountry. ment at the federal level was not one which welcomedmany. ChicagoanAl "Wallpaper" Wolff was a rare exceptionto the rule. Attitude Toward Bootlegging He not only becarnea JewishC-man, he becamcan "Untouchable," The storiesAl tellsof his adventureswith the servingunder the famousElliot Ness.Fonunately, he is still among Untouchableswould fill a book,and hopefullv -hasAl will do us and has rccounledsome of his experiencesto Society Prcsident that in lhe nearfulure. For now-Al sayshe no hard Walter Roth, who has narratedin this joumal the storiesof persons on both sidesof the law feelingsabout the Chicagogangsters and bootleggers, eventhough he foughtthem at the time. As Al puts it, arrested.Al sayshe was at the railroad station when Al Caponc was finally sent away alier his conviction Ibr incometax evasion. Life After tlrc Unturchablcs Shortly after that. in 1932. the Untouchables were disbandedand AI was assigncdto difl'crcntarcas of' governmentservice. At varioustinres he was in thc Nar'- coticsDivision. thc InternalRevenue Service rntl durirrg World War Il. in thc Officc of Plicc Acfirinistratiorr,In his years ol'service. he often encounteredopen anti Semitisrnbut his toughnessenablecl Irim to survive.As World War II ended,Al rcturned 10 Chicago and cndccl his governmentemploynrcnt. He owned irnd opelaled a rrumberof restaurants("Wolif's Inn") in the do$'ntowr) areaand woundup his businesscareer with the operation of a privateclub at 201 EastSuperior Street. Since Al had bcen an undercoverageni. no onc knew of his true identity until the filmrng of the movie "The Untouchables."Then ParamountStudios discov- ered his whereaboutsand used him as a consultantlbr the movie which, of course,memorialrzed Elliot Ness and his federalagents. With the passingof his wif'e a fcw The last of "The untouchables": years ago! Al lives in the limelight and glow of Chica- Al "Wallpaper"Wolfl as he lookstoday go's turbulentpast. "They were doing their job and I was doing mine." By SeesSe/fAs Trailblazer the late Twenties,Prohibition was so unpopularin larger He is a proud American Jew finally able to talk public patronage U.S. cities and of bootleggers so about his undercoverdays as an Untouchable.In rcmi- widespreadthat they were often thought of as ordinary niscing about his extraordinarycareer in the service of businessmen.Repeal was nearat hand. his country and his love for America, he put it this way: He is reluctantto name DeoDlehe knew or met "I think my destinywas fbr a nice Jewish guy to who uere engagedin illegalactivitibs. He doe\n't wanl overcome all these obstaclesto working in all thosc the children or grandchildrenof thesemen to be brought departmentsas the only Jew. There is no country in thc into the public light again. From his viewpoint he says, world like America becausewe still have ficedom. wc many of the so-calledgangsters really were good guys to still can pray and do anythingwe want. We can gel mar their people. Even Al Capone set up soup kitchens for ried and have children. I am proud to be a Jew. but I'rn poor Italiansat Christmastime. an American first. I was born and went to schoolshere. I He knew many of the Jewish bootleggersbut servedin the American Anny. I was born an American always gave them equal treatment.He remembersgoing citizen; I don't know of any othcr countly likc Amcrica. to the bathhouseson FourteenthStreet and. in his under- I was blessedbeing born here.I am glad nry tathcr didn't cover role, overhearingthe bootleggersdiscussing their miss the boat coming here. I would have swum across illegal activities.On their way out, he would have them the occan1() get to America." J

MauriceSchwartz. Jacob Ben Ami and ol' sion, declining imnriSrationand lhc accul NewmanRecalls courschis latewile. Dina Halpern.Unfbrtu- turating disuse of Yiddish rs lr cvcrrdir\ nately.his subjectnecessarily dealt with the lansuilSein Chiclgo rcsullctl in the clisap Story of Yiddish pJ(l only.u\ YidLli.hthc ler in Chicugoi. no pearanccof lhe arl lbnn locally. Theaterin Chicago longercommercially viable. Mr. Ncwman also discusscd thc He tracedlocal Yiddish theatcr quJliry ol llre repcrloire rrrr,lth.. .rt tirr: . eaturedat the Novemberl2 meeting from its amateurorigins among the rmmr- recalling litlcs and namcs which \lruck il ol lhc Socictywas a wcll-rcccivcd grantsfrom EasternEurope in the early chord among some older membcrs ol lhc talk by DannyNewman on thehisto 1880'sto thefirst professional group later in audience. ry of Yiddishtheater in Chicago.The meet- thatdccade. and through lhc not alwayshigh The speaker wrs introduccd hy ingwas held at EmanuelCongregation standardbul increasinglypopular thealer Sociely Vice Presidcntand Pfogr.rn Ch ir- Mr. Ne\ man. a public relations companieswhich followed. man Burl Robin. who presidcd ovcr the experlwho specializesin culturalorganiza- Attention was devoted to the nrceling.As usual.rclieshmcnls were in the tions,spoke t'rom the vantagepoint of one "golden years"which beganafter World War capahle huntls ul Ho.nilrlil\ Chuirmrn who grew up with Yiddishlheatcr and later I when popularity,great actors and high Shirley Sorkin. representedits last greatstars, including standardswere widespreaduntil the Depres- LJ.S._.t

5 ofTpolitics but they have lived also for the goalsof gov- A GandidAssessment of ernment. LocalJewish Politicians Having gone through the list of Jcwish persons who have been active in politics. I noted that during I trliIut\l Ir'on Iu !t t)u')t, these past seventy years nearly all were men. Thus, nois SupremeCourt Judge.Wc also havea couplc of oth- there's no use our saying "his or her"about them sincc crs who receivedsentences or comnritted suicide (one) almostwithout exceptiononly "his" is appropriate. ls a rcsullof theGreylord inr estigation.... ' BecauseI cannot give you a detailedhistory or Contributiotts Not Alu'aysGoocl enumerationof hundredof names.I havetaken five indi- viduals to illustratethe history of Jews in Chicago poli- That brings me to the next point I want to make. tics. I am going to discussJulius Rosenwald,Henry an important one. Generally,when an ethnic or cultural Horner,Jack Arvey, Earl Bush and SidneyYates, whom I or religious group talks about its contributionsto the have takenas examples.I am using them to illustratethe societyof which it is a part,the tendencyis to stress"the broaderhistory embracedby my subject. great people we have contributed,the great accomplish- ments we have made...."In fact, however,the contribu- Rosenv'ald and Republicans tions of such groupsare always mixed. This is most evi- Everyone knows who Julius Rosenwald was. dent when you hear thc Italian-Americansocieties talk Although he did not run for public aboutthe contributionsof ltalian-Anrericansin Chicago. office, he was intensely interestedin politics and never shied away Italian-Americanshave made very great contri- from it. He was a committed Republican.but in the butions,including many marvelouspeople and invalu- 1920'sI think most Jews were still Renublicans.The able urbanqualities, bul there is also Al Capone.Gcner- party shift from Republicanto Democraricdid not occur ally, when the ltalian-AmericanCivic Leaguetalks about on a really big scaleuntil 1932.Why were most Jewsof contributionsto Chicago,it tries to be quiet about Al that time Republicans?Because the Republicanparty Caponeand some of the othcrs whom they'd rather not was the party of Abraham Lincoln. mention. BUI there they are! I think that when a histori- My maternalgrandf ather. for who cal societyconsiders the conlributionsof Jewsto politics example, came here from Hungary in 1867,naturally became a Republi- in Chicago, it owcs an obligation to try to be accurate can becausethat was the party that had freed and complete. We can talk about Jewish contributions the slaves. It was the party of union and freedom,while with pride, but we have to take into accountthat the con- the other party was party the lbrmer tribution is varied.It is a coat of many colors and not all the of slave-holders.So,a lib- eral, person the colorsare handsome. forward-looking imbued with the ideals of propheticJudaism would be a Republican. As an example of a proud claim, I cite a state- Rabbi Emil Hirsch, who was menl I found by Jacob Freed,who wrote about Jews in G. Chicago'slead- ing Reform rabbi was the modem world. In his chapteron the American Jew as and considereda liberal, was a Republican. ln public lecturesshe spoke with a civil servant.he makes this claim for the contribution sarcasm party. of Jews: about the Democratic My own father,who had populist views. was a Democrat, and many Jews were Plcdgcdto the serviceand freedomof many prevailing fol lull opportunity to lite. liberty and the pursuit of Democrats;butthe view was Republican. happincss.thcy ally the moral qualities and ethical Julius Rosenwald.who was a member of Rabbi Hirsch's principlesof propheticJudaism to those qualitiesof congregation,shared the views of most otherrespectable, the Enlightcnmcnl and Amcrican Iife which havc successfulJewish personsin support of the Republican given this nation so much ol its spiritual stalureand party. civilizaliorr and thcy implcmcnted their insights in In 1926 he did somethingvery interestingthat I the spheresoi public life in Ihe court chamber,the want to discuss,something I considernoble and fine and legislativehall and the cxccutivc office. in thc mar- in the best Jewish tradition. even though it was unwise. ketplace. public accomnrodations.dnd the halls of One branch of the RepublicanParty, which included reamrng. among others Mayor William Hale Thompson and You might try aftercompleting this articleto State'sAttorney Robert E. Crowe.was \upportinga can- .judgehow well Chicago'scontributions meet this stan- didate named Frank Smith for the United StatesSenatc. dard. Smith had been the chairmanof the lllinois Commerce Commission,and as chain.nanhe had beenunduly favor- Motircs lbr Political Actit,itl, able to the utilities. He had acceptedlarge sums of The Germansociologist Max Webersaid thal in money from them. When he ran for the Senate, he politicsthere are two kindsof activists thosewho are receivedenormous contributions from SamuelInsull. Ira in politicsbecause they live.lbl politics,and thosewho Copley and Clement Studebaker,Jr., the leading utility live off politics.In all the historyof Chicago,most peo- magnatesof Illinois. He had acceptedso much money ple activein politicshave been those who live ofTpoli- that the election was effectively being bought by the tics.Some people in politicsare mixed. They havelived public utilities. Even befbre he was elected,the Senate

6 itselfconducted an investigationof thecampaign. Smith wonthe primary. Rosenwald,even though he was a Republican and stronglyoriented toward business, was horrified by the corruptionand issueda strongstatement against Smith.Rosenwald felt that Smithwas disgracing the RepublicanParty and decided to supportanother candi- date,Hugh McGill, a fbrmerstate senator with fine qualifications.Rosenwald rallied the best elements in the Partyto supportMcGill.

An Offer Made Then,on his own, Rosenwaldtook a daring action.He went to seeFrank Smith at the Consress Hotel.in hopesthat he mighrprevenr rhe harm Shirh wasdoing to thestate and country he loved,and limit the damageSmith was doing to his RepublicanParty. Fortu- nately,Frank Smith immediatelywrote down what occumedat the CongressHotel and disclosedhis notes five yearslater. Thus we havea reliablecontemporane- JuliusRosenwald: noble and fine...but unwise ousaccount. Here is partof whatSmith put down: Coutt(s| Chiraeo HisbrkaI So(iet| "After we shookhands, Mr. Rosenwaldsaid, als.In hispolitical activities, he lived/or politics,not oJf 'You wouldjust aboutas soonexpect the Deity himself politics. hereas you would me.' And I answered,'It is saidthe Lest I createa falsepicture of that period, Deityis everpresent. Sit down.'Rosenwald said, 'May I I want to tell you that at the sametime, in the 20th Ward, talk plainly?''Of course.'Rosenwald said, 'I do not there was a Jewishboss named Morris Eller who was want to hurt your feelings.You know that if you are one of the worst committeemenwe haveever had. He was electedUnited States Senator, you can'tbe seated,don't a trusteeof theSanitary District during its mostscandalous you?'I saidI knewno suchthing. Then Rosenwald said, days.He was City Collector.In the same 'Last Friday,when we werediscussing ways and means summerof 1926that saw Rosenwald'seffort ro of financinga campaignfor Mr. McGill, I told themI did cleansethe Party, Ellertook part in whatlhey called rhe Pineapple Primary. not want to be the angelof the campaign,butthat if I in whichbombs were used to win elections. thoughtwe couldelect Mccill, I wouldput up $500,000. Now. I wantto say somethingto you Mr. Smith.Not in A Dffirent Kind of Repuhlican the interestof any candidate, just but becauseI am a Two yearslater when Eller ran for committee- Republicanand becauseI am interested in the Republi- man again,the ward was beginningto changecolor, and canparty and the Stateof Illinois.If you will withdraw an African-Americannamed Octavius Granaday filed to from the Senaterace, I am here to offer you 10,000 runagainst Eller. When Granaday insisted on running,he sharesof SearsRoebuck stock the moment you signyour was killed by a bullet not by Morris Eller,but by the withdrawalnotice. In a few monthsthat stock will be peoplewho workedwith him. DuringProhibition, Eller worth $750,000.You can give as your reasonfor with- was a closeally of the Caponegang. He was someone drawingthat your healthwon't permit you to take the not to be opposed.Hecontrolled the votein the ward.In campaign,or any other reasonyou want to give. The the summerof 1926,the vote in the 20th Ward for the 10,000shares of stockwill be depositedin escrowin anv key candidateson the ticketwas: Savage,6,9l8;Trude, bankyou namc to belumed over to youwhen your with- the reform candidate,3'71 . Eller had delivered94.8 drawaloccurs."' oer- centof rhevotel That was impossible without massive votefrauds and an environmentof fraudand coercion. Unv'isebut Noble Gesture I mentionEller only to give balanceto the Well, Smithdeclined Rosenwald's offer andwas account.From 1920to about 1932,the times were elected.The Senate,however, refused to seathim. The Republican.There were men of greathonor, great pro- disgracewas thus somewhal mitigated. It wasimprudent bity and greatideals; and therewere also Morris Eller ol' Rosenwaldto makesuch an offer. It was unwiseto andothers like him. offer a candidate10.000 shares of stockto withdrawin favor of anothercandidate. Yet is wasa very nobleact, Horner Runsfor Got'ernor andI havechosen it as an illustrationof theperiod from My secondexample is HenryHorner. He is the 1920to about1932 because it exemolifiesReoublican Jewishperson who hasachieved the highest office in Illi- predominanceand also give: us an exampleof i public- nois.It is still a sourceof satisfactionto thinkthat he was spiritedJewish Republican actuated by the highestide- electedand that he amassedan honorablerecord without blemish.He wasa Democrat.He illustratesthe swingof hadstimulated. theJewish vote to the DemocraticParty, which has per- In the primary,he won.In the 24thWard, where sistedever since his 1932election as governor.I do not JackArvey and Mo Rosenbergwere active, Horner meanto saythat there are no JewishRepublicans. There received15,614 votes and his opponentMichael Igoe are. RepublicanBernard Epton nearly became mayor in 241.That was 98.4 percent, better than Morris Eller had 1983.But since1932 the greatpolitical discussions and donein the PineapplePrimary of 1926.You cannotsay careershave been in the DemocraticParty. that therewere no vote fraudsin that 24rhWard election Hornerhad beenan exemplaryjudge of the pro- becausethere undoubtedly were irregularities, but in that batecourt from l9l4 to 1932.I rememberhim in the primaryin that wardthe unusuallyhigh percentageand probatecourt-a figure of greatdignity. He wasa man of high lurnoutwere attributable to the outpouringof Jew- humor,of splendidappearance and, above all, a man of ish voters,just as Washingtonwas able to win similar probityand excellentlegal ability. In 1918,when he majoritieslater. cameup for his first re-election,1400 lawyers formed a non-Dartisancommittee to re-electhim. He commandedAnti-SemitismAppears the total admirationof the Chicagobar. In the electionMayor Thompsoncampaigned In 1932the bossof Chicagopolitics was Anton againstHorner. Around Illinois he arguedthat "they've Cermak.Cermak himself wantedto run for governor. goneto Jerusalemto get a governorfor you." lf Homer Homerdecided, however, that he wouldrun for governor is elected,he told farmers,the priceof pork will go and enteredthe primary.Cermak realized that his own down.He appealedto anti-Semitism,but whenthe elec- political reputationwas not good enoughto win tion returnscame in in the fall of 1932,it was a Roo- statewidefor governor.He wasnot evensure the Demo- seveltsweep, and Hornerran far aheadof Roosevelt. cratic Party would win in 1932,and so he decidedto Roosevelt'sIllinois majority was 449,000; Homer's was back Hornerfor governoras a long shotand, perhaps, 566,000.Horner had contributedto the sweepof the evenas a probableloser. He did this in very muchthe whole Democraticticket. sameway that Arvey later backedPaul Douglasand He was a very good govemoralthough always a Adlai Stevensonfor highoffice, based on thecalculation party office-holder.I rememberthe time he spoketo Uni- thatit wouldhelp the local ticket even if Hornerlost. versityof Chicagofaculty members at the Quadrangle Horner'scampaign caught on like wildfire.There Club. ProfessorJerome Kerwin told me aboutit after- was a tremendousoutpouring of support.There were wards.The facultyquestioned him aboutpatronage. "Physiciansfor Horner,""Lawyers for Horner,""Non- They asked,"What are you going to do aboutpatronage partisanSpeakers for Horner,""Restaurant Owners for appointments?"He answered,"I'm goingto appointthe Horner" and a Citizens for Horner group that attracted best peoplelhe party can find for me." I was a little 100,000adherents. With an honorableJewish candidate shockedthen by his statement,but I supposeI wasreally for govemorthere was an outpouringof Jewishsupport expectingtoo muchof him. He did appointthe best peo- suchas had neverbefore occurred here. The only phe- ple the party could find, and he inauguratedexcellent nomenonlike it occurredin our lifetimewith the 1983 programs. and 1987outpouring of African-Americansupport for One of his best programswas the strengthening HaroldWashington. of the Illinois CommerceCommission and its excellenl programsto protectconsumers of electricity,telephone Attt'acIsNear Unit'ersal Support and gas.Then, towardthe end of Horner'sfirst term, Therewas enthusiasm,really super-enthusiasm,Mayor EdwardKelly wasable to drivethrough the Illi- overHorner's breakthrough as a splendidcandidate who nois legislaturea bill to licensehandbooks. Handbooks wasJewish. There had beena fine Jewishcandidate for were a great sourceof incometo the Mafia and also to governorthirty{wo yearsearlier when Samuel Alschuler the political machine,but if handbookswere licensed, of Auroraran against Richard Yates, but Alschulerwas a Kelly apparentlyfelt that he could becomethe senior Democrat,Illinois was a Republicanstate and most Jew- partnerwith the Mafia.Horner was shocked by themea- ish voterswere then Republican. In 1932Reform Jews, sureand, without consulting Kelly, vetoed it with a very evenif Republican,supportedHorner. He wasa member strongveto message.That finishedHorner with Kelly. of SinaiCongregation. Conservative Jews supported When the 1936primary came, Kelly founda candidate him.Orthodox Jews supported him too. to run againstHorner, Dr. HermanBundesen, Chicago's As the votesshowed, he alsoappealed to Poles healthcommissioner. Kelly figuredthat Bundesen's free and Swedesand Germans.Two hundredUniversity of bookon babycare, which had had very widecirculation, Chicagofaculty membersformed a committeefor would get him so manyvotes that Bundesencould beat Horner.The presidentof the Universityof Chicago, Horner. RobertMaynard Hutchins, declared for Homer,a decla- rationfor governorwhich I think a Universityof Chica- RunningAgainst the Bosses go presidentwould not make today.The Women's Hornerrose to theoccasion. Instead of giving in, RepublicanClub of Evanstoncame out for Horner, this judge,whohad neverbeen in sucha campaign therebydemonstrating the breadthof supportthat Horner before,really lashedout. He begantalking about "Boss 8 Kelly.""Dump the Bosses." "Get rid of Bossism.""Let's get rid of votefrauds." "Let's have honest elections." "Let's havepermanent registration." He wentup and down the statewith his campaign.Pat Nash,the co, chairmanof the Cook County DemocraticParty, said permanentregistration would costthe machine200.000 votes.and so all the strengthof the machinewas mobi- lizedto opposeHorner. Homerhad a goodfriend, Ben Lindheimer,who washimself very rich and was ableto raisemoney for the campaign.They raisedmoney from stateemployees alsoand from statecontractors. The campaignbecame a crusade.Edmund Jarecki, the countyjudge in chargeof Cook Countyelection machinery, was on the outswith Kelly and favoredHorner. Many Republicanscrossed over to vote for Homer. On the other hand,Bundesen was indeedvery well known. Forty- sevenout of Chicago'sfifty ward committeemensupported Bundesen, not Horner.Even someOrthodox Jewish leaders came out fol Bundesen. HenryHorner: honorable record without blemish Like NationalChairman Ron Brown'scomins to Chica- C.) tt(sI Chitup Hirtt)tiet go lo 5upportDaley. the federal government, Farry Hop- *x i?^ kins and the WPA threw supportinto Chicagoto help It wasanti-machine. He wassupporting the campaign of Bundesen.The Washinglongovernment and national William Lindsay,who wasrunning against the machine judge. party supportthe official nominee,whether Bundesen or andyears later he madea It wasthe lasttime he Washingtonor Daley. workedagainst the machine.After Lindsaylost, Arvey joinedup. Horner won the primary.In the 24th Ward, almostentirely Jewish, where Arvey was wardcommit- In l9l8 Arveybecame an assistantState's Attor- teeman,the vote was overwhelmingly for Bundesen.You ney.You haveto rememberthat the State'sAttorney's might haveassumed it wouldhave been for Homer,but officewas then in Republicanhands. When Arvey winr the machinehad to deliverand the committeemanwas in, he becamea bi-partisanprotege of a Republican first of all a Party Democrat.He deliveredfor the party State'sAttorney. He was like Abe Marovitz,a lifelong cnalrman. Democratwho alsobecame an assistantState's Attomey In the fall. Hornerwas the nomineeand wasre- undera RepublicanStare's Alorney's auspices. This was elected.ln his secondterm he wasvery goodagain. He a reflectionof thepredominance of theRepublican Party sponsored,supported and pushedthrough all kinds of at thattime. socialprograms of importanceto this state.In the 1938 In 1923Arvey becamealderman. The solidJew- primary,he won anothervictory when Scott Lucas won ish populationin the 24th Wardprovided a basefor the nominationfor UnitedStates Senator with Homer's ambitiousJewish candidates. Arvey was aldermanfor strongsupport. Unfortunately, two daysbefore the 1938 eighteenyears. During thoseyears he roseremarkably. election,Horner suffered a cerebralthrombosis. a stroke In 1934,after he hadbeen alderman for elevenyears, he fiom whichhe neverrecovered. From then until lhe end becamecommitteeman and ran the ward organization. of his termhe wasonly nominallygovemor. A groupof veryefficiently and very lighlly. He toleraled-nodissent. menaround him ran the state.In October,1940 he died. He sawto it that the voteswere enorrnous. Franklin D. Like JuliusRosenwald, Homer is certainlya personwho Rooseveltsaid that Chicago's24th Ward was "the best livedalmost entirely.ftr politics and not ofi politics. Democraticward in America."In the 1936elecrion, the ward'svote was 98 percentfor Roosevelt,29,000 to 700. Artey, an Intercstin,qC harat ter Thatwas just eightmonths after Arvey hadcorralled Third.I wantto discussJack Arvev. a verv inter- votesto try to beatHorner. estingcharacter. Arvey'r record illustratei the tict that careerscould be built and werebuilt in the Democratic Beutme s D emot'raticB oss Party.He representsmost of the Jewishofficeholders Arvey becamechairman of rhe City Council since1920. He lived ol./politics, but alsoto a great financecommittee and the numberthree political person extenthe lived for politics. He was primarily a ward in Chicago.afrer Kelly and Nash.ln rhi CrryCouncil committeeman,primarily in the businessof politics,but Arveydid not toleratemuch discussion, and certainly no alsoa mandeeply interested in thegoals of government. dissentamong party aldermen. He waseffective in the He droppedout of Crane High School but later City Councilas he wasin theward. In l94l hejoinedthe attendedJohn Marshall night law school.In l9l4 at the NationalGuard and was in the Pacificas a judseadvo- ageof nineteenhe engagedin his first politicalactivity. cateand colonel until 1945. It was a tough electioncontest. Nobody knew how it would tum oul. But Douglas and Stevensonwon by more than half a million, and Truman carried the state.The morning after electionday, at a generalmeet- ing of the Democratic precinct workers in one of the downtown hotels,Arvey announced,"We're in business wholesale."[t was a greatphrase. What he was thinking was, "We've got the president,we've got the govemor, we've got the senator,we've got the state'sattorney, we've got everybodyup and down the line. We're in businesswholesale." He had made a brilliant.brilliant move. lllinois was indebted to his farsightednessfor a wonderfulgovernor and U.S. senator.

An,ey Stuntbles and Falls In 1950 Arvey stumbled: he backed Daniel Gilbert fbr SherifTof Cook County."Tubbo" Gilbert had been a police captainand top assistanlstate's attorney. It was disclosedthat on a modestpolice officer's wage he had amasseda fortune. "l made wise investments."he JackArvey: accompfished much...nor wh",,t said. Tlii,)i*1l.u,..,^,,r r,,,,", When the press disclosed Gilbert's wealth, the After he returned,he becameCook County party whole 1950 Democratic tickel was discredited.It went chairmanin 1946.He had a very goodvision of where down to defeat, and Arvey was removed as chairman. He the party couldgo and what it coulddo. 1947was the was switchedto DemocraticNational Committeeman.a yearof the mayoraltyelection. Although Kelly had far less important position, and remainedthere unlil pushedArvey into the partychairmanship, Arvey decid- 1972.He did not get along well with Mayor Richard J. ed thatKelly couldnot be thecandidate for mayor. Daley. In 1960 Arvey wanted to support Stevensonfor Kelly had acquireda bad politicalreputation president. Daley was for Kennedy and they disagreed amongreform elements for his debasementof thepublic openly. In 1972 Arvey voted for liberal changesin the schoolsand the corrupt atmosphere of his administration.national delegatesrules, and Daley removed him as However,what finishedhim was a strongstatement he nationalcommitteeman. madeon theright of peopleto live anywherein Chicago In 1976, when the party came to choose dele- regardlessof race.In doing so he had arousedsuch gatesfor the DemocraticNational Convention, Daley did stronghostility among anli-Black whites that Arvey felt not even put Arvey's name on the slate.Of that action Kelly would not win. Arvey usedKelly's statementto Arvey said, "I've been a delegateto every Democratic win committeemen'ssupport against him, andKelly was National Convention except 1944 when I was in the dumped.I am sureArvey wasnot a manwho advocatedPacific.I might not have gone if I had beenelected, but I racialprejudice, but he concludedthat Kelly's statementfeel hurt not even to have been named." As lons as wasthe reasonKelly couldbe dumped.The Democratic Daley lived. Arvey had no eflective part any more in-the Partydid win themayoralty, and Kelly's successor, Mar- DemocraticParty organization. tin Kennelly,wasmayor for eightyears. Arvey had saved the office for his party. The Final Years He becamewealthy throughhis law practiceand Political AcumenPays OJf also devoted himself energeticallyto raising money fbr In 1948the year again seemed politically dismal. charity,for Hebrew University,Israel Bonds,the Nation- It wasbelieved that Trumanwould lose,Dewey would al Conferenceof Christiansand Jews,Brandeis Universi- win and the DemocraticParty would be out of national ty and Weiss Memorial Hospital. He achievedan envi- office.It was alreadyout of stateoffice. With brilliant able nameand reputation. insight,Arvey decidedto throw the dice.take a chance When Daley died, the party then elected him andback a coupleof distinguishednon-prol'essional can- chairman emeritus,withthe intention of restoringsome didates.Under his influence,the party regulars agreed to honors to him. Arvey said. "l have been a Democratall supportProfessor Paul H. Douglaslbr Governorand my life and I will die one." When askedwhat he thought Adlai E. Stevensonfbr U.S.Senator. Then they realized of Daley, his mortal party enemy,Arvey said. "I regard thatthat decision rnight be a mistakebecause they f'eared Daley as a good fiiend and ally. All throughhis political that Douglasas governormight show dangerousinde- carccr I have been at his side to help him. I did not hurt pendencejust as Hornerhad done a few yearsearlier. him. He was a very inrpulsiveman. but he was a great So theychose Douglas for senatorand Stevensonfor mayor and a greatleader." Arvey was not a personto say governor. anythingmean about anyone. 10 In thesunrmer of thcycar in whichhe died.in a scrapn.)ctal. Mo Roscnber-ewas intlictcdfbr incometax interviewwith RogerSimon. Arvey said."l wantto say evasion. onemore thing, onc more thing to sumup whatpolitics Mayol Kelly anclothcls wcnt 1oPrcsitlent Roo- and thc organizationmean to me. I will tell you some- sevcltto ask that the casebe disnrisscd.Rooscvclt scnt thin-l.I am nota strictlyreligious man, this I knowlbut fbr thc file. openedit, looketlthrough rt. closedit and my lif'chas bccn guidcd by whatI learnedat a Yom Kip- said."l think you'd bettergo backto Chicago."Hc pur servicc.No. no.you cannot print it. This is toocorny. declinedto intervene.Rosenberg then tried to staveol'f Notwhile I'm alive.Wait. Wait until I'm gone.Then you the incvitablcby makinga l'ull confession.He went to tell themwhat I learncdfrom Isaiah:that you do not Washingtonto the Dcpartmcntof Justicein thc presence pleascthe Lord by wearingsackcloth and ashesand by of the U.S. DistrictAttorney and told how muchmoney showinggrief. You plcasethe Lord by f'eedingthe hun- he hadobtaincd and to whonrhe gaveit: $95,000to Cer- andclothing the nakedand doing justice to your f'el- mak.$200.000 to GeorgeBrcnnan. $2.5.000 lbr manning -erylow man. When I'm goneyou tell them that this quotc the polls in thejudicial clection of 1929.and so on. He explainsme. saidjudicial elections were "very important."He told aboutthe strongboxhe had at the old PullmanTrust & A Mi.rcd Legact' SavingsBank. where he kept$1.000 and $5,000and Arvey livedoT.f politics and he livedlirr politics. $10.000bills. He nanreddozens of aldcrmenand legisla- He wasa remarkableperson-with somesides that were torsand others in politicsto whomthe money went. The not wholly admirable.but he wasthe prototypeof hun- conf'essionstill wasn'tenough. dredsin the DemocraticParty organization. He elected The criminalcasc against him wascontinued tbr CongrcssmanAdolph Sabath, who wasa usefulcon- onereason or anothcruntil finally the judge said it would gressmantbr nranyyears. He put his law partner,Samuel go to trial tbr sureon the ncxt Monday.On Friday,Mo Epstein.on thebench. Epstein was an outstandingjudge. Roscnbergen(ered Michacl Recse Hospital for an appen- He wasrcsponsiblc for thepolitical careers ol'dozens ol' dectomyand diedon the operatingtable. To this day olTiceholders. nobodyon the outsideknows fbr surewhether he had a I met Arvey when he becamea master in real appendicitisor wasjust making anothereffort to chanccry.around 1932. He wasstill in the City Council. staveoff thetrial. The positionof masterin chancerywas very lucrative At the funeralon the fbllowingTuesday, Judgc becausein mortgageforcclosurcs. and therewere then a Harry Fisher,who wasa greatman but a productof the greatmany of them,you had to takeyour casebefbre a machine,said. "Today Mo Rosenbergappeals to a higher masterin chanacery;and he got a fee dependingmostly court."Mo Rosenbergis theother hall of Arvey andthe on the sizeol'the mortgage.I was thena bcginning otherhalf of thepeople ibr whomArvey is a prototype. lawyerworking for theSonnenschein finr, andwe hada lot of mortgagefbreclosures. While I wasthere, his law Eurl Bush,urt UrtdcrratedPt,litiriart pirrtner, whomI knew, in andtold SamuelEpstein, came The fourthfigure I wishto discussis EarlBush. I me this wasArvey's first caseas masterin chancery.He think he nevergot his full recognition.He is an example pointcdto a picture the wall. a portraitby JohnDoc- on of Jewishpeople who havebeen influential and active in portfaitistwho was very popular, toroff. a skillful then politicswithout holding otTice. Earl Bush was a newspa- and said,"That's Mo Rosenberg.Master Arvey's spon- per personwho becameDaley's press attache in the sor."I did not knowwhat a "sponsor"was. I wasinexpe- 1954-55campaign. He was a geniusat publicity.After riencedin politicsand barelyexperienced in law,but I the Election,Daley kept him on as his public relations was inrpressedby the portrait of Mo Rosenbergand the man. ideathat a man had a "sponsor."Epstein explained that personally Arvey was a politicalprotege of Mike and Mo Rosen- Bushis responsiblefbr the successful public projected. berg.The 24thWard organization that Arvey grcw up in imagewhich Daley Bushmanaged wrs Mikeand Mo Roscnberg'sorganization. Daley'spublic relations,andDaley had the brillianceto seehow valuableBush was. "The City That Works." Mo Roscnber,qand Corruption "The l-Will Spirit" were phrasesthat Bush pushed. Soonafier my visit to Masterin ChanceryArvey. Daleywould endalmost every speech with an appealto Mo Rosenbergwas indicted fbr incometax violations.In "The I-Will Spirit." Nobodyever knew what the I-Will the 1920'sand 1930'she had beengiven, at very favor- Spirit was. Nobodyknows today, but it had a great ablesub-market prices. the junk whichthe utility compa- effect.that I-Will Spiritdid. "The City ThatWorks" was nieshad to get rid of. He wasable to resellthe junk certainlya greatslogan. The city did not work, but the throughRosenberg Iron and Metal Companyat enor- slogandid. mousprofits. He usedthose profits in part for himself Bushwas a geniusat turningto advantagewhat- and in part,as the utilitiesexpected, to supportDemo- everoccurred. For example, when Daley was responsible cratjcorganization candidates.lt was a way the utilities oncefor a three-Dercentincrease in realestate taxes and had of makingessentially cash contributions to the the papersso reportedit, Bushsaid, "Wait a minute. machinethrough the deviceof virtuallygiving away That's$8.00 for a manwho hasa $5.000home." ln that

11 way thc tax incrcaseclid not sound like vcry nruch.Inci- Ilorncr's intimate ll'icncl.atlviscr and supporter:Charlcs dcntally.tod.t)' 55.tXX) does nol sound likc nruch lor a Swibcl. u,ho u its Jitne I31rnc'sintimate adviscr'.lcss home. adntirrblcthan [-indheimcr: and David Axelrodwho was Bushwas constantlycovcring lbr Dalcl'.Hc uscd rccenlly thc sccondMayor Dalcy's cantpaignPR person astounclingprcssulcs to gct g(x)dpublicit)'. Hc ditl n()t antlvir'luallv a sub-candidtte.like Ear'lBush. hcsitatcto rpply whatevcrprcssurc thc nrachincor thc city governmenthad on advertisersl0 inl-lucncelhc telc- A Gtttttirtrly Atltttir.,ltlcP,,litir i,ttt vision antl radio station antl thc ncwsnaocrs.tlndcr Thc lilih individLralI havc chosr'rrto disr:ussis Ditlcy., orelcrs.hL' rr.'quilctl lhrrt irll rttoriti.ilrpt. lilrnt'rl Sidncv Yalc\. Itakc hinr as an examplcol a gcnuincl; in Chicago hc shown 10 hinr I'irstbccausc lrc u,anlcdlo admirableJcwish pcrson rtow in pLrbliclifc. His pLrrents make ccrtlin thal thc) gave a rood inraseol lhc citr. curnc ll-nrnVilna. Ilc u as bonr in Michael Re-escHos- When Dalcy gavc his ordcr to shootto kill lootcrsanrl pital. livcd on Maxwell Stlcct. nrovctl to Lakcvicw. thcn dcnicd he gavc it. and the lclevision canlL-ril\ altcndcclNcttelh(n'sl Puhlic School. graduatccl with hon- replayedDalcy's statcmenlto slrow that he did give it. ols lhrrn Lake View High Schoolitnd went to thc Uni- Bush said it was "damncd bad reporting." "You shoultl r ersitr ol Chica-qoCollcge and Law School.Bclwccn have rcoorlcd whitl hc nrcanl." Bush saicl."not what hc crtllescanrl law schoolhc plaircdprotcssional baskctball. saicl." Hc was an exccllcnt basketbirllplayer. who used to gct ganre. going Whcn thc BBC did a finc documentaryon Chica- $-5.(X)a thc rate when he plaved. go. Bush lnade sure it could not be shown publicly any- He graduatedfionr law school in 193-3.started lo where in Chicago. I had to sec it in a privatc home. Il pfacticclaw and. in 1936.wcnt to work lbr Governor was a great docunentary.but il was not totally compli- Horncr's lllinois CornmcrceCorrmission. ln 1936 hc mentaryto Chicago. worked tbr Horner in both the prirnary and the elcction. In 1939 hc joined his l)ther-in-law's lirm. Then. likc Bush in Trouble Arvey. he tried independentpolitics. He startedout as an When 1968came with an impendingDemocratic anli-machine candidatel'or alderrnan.against Jamcs "Smash conventionin Chicago,Bush said,"This year I'll give Young. the regulars' candidate.Hisslogan was police permissionto chase thc cameras."Sure enough. the machine." Well. he lost and. like Arvey.he then joined he did give "permissionto chasethe cameras"with a the regulars.During World War II he was in the very bad result fbr Chicago.All in all, however,Bush U.S.Navy. was phenomenallysuccessful. Whcn he returned.he was still in the 46th Ward He finally involved himself pcrsonally in a organizationunder CommitteemanGill. and early in scandal.His first scandalwas about his brother-in-law. 1948 he went to Gill and said hc'd like to run for Henry Holzman. who was shown to have receiveda Congress.Gill laughcdat hinr. The Congressionaldis- qucstionablecontract for building Chicago Dwelling trict was a swing district. sometimesRepublican ancl "No. Associationprefabs. Earl Bush said, "l don't know any- sometimesDemocralic. Gill told hrm. we have to thing about it. I never heard about it," and that was thc havea Gennan candidate,and John Haderleinis going to end of that scandal.However. around 1973. it was dis- bc our candidate."Thcrc was nothinuSiclnev Yatcs could closedthat Earl Bush. whilc pulsuing his nrodestcareer' clo. In Aur:ust.howcver. r.rhcrr the incumbentChicago as public relationsassistant to the mayor. had a substan- Postmasterdied. the party tlecided it neededa Genran- tial ownershipinteresl in Dcll Airport AdvertisingCom- American lor Postmaster.Haderlein was looointecl.thus pany. which had the nronopolylor display advcrtisingat crcxlinsa | cancyon lhe lickel lbr Congresrionalclndi- O'Harc. He was indictcd and convictcdand was fired on oatc. Octoberll. 1974. It wils Au,qusl.I9zll'1, less than ninety days betbrc This year.January 31, l9ll9. his convictionrvas thc elcction.Thc commillceman'soroblcnt was to set sel asidc becauscof the SupremeCourt dccision aboul s()rr)eoncto run. IQJX lor)kc(llikc rr bltl lcar. Trurrirrrr rnail fraud cases.Bush ncver went to iail. but hc did sccmedto bc a loser.Gill called uD Sidncv Yatesand "Do "Yer. community scrviceon probation.Inasmuch as his con- irrkcd. ; ou rtill u anl lo rurr foriConlr'err.'" I "Can viclion was l'inallvset asidc.it scemsonly just that he do." you Iinancc your own campaign')"Sidner, didn't go to.jail. In thc statcmenthe glvc this year.two Yrtes said hc could. Hc beganrunning fbl Congrcss. days alier the conviction was sct aside.he said."l leel I I renrenrbcrthat hc uscd to cat lunch downtowll nevcr did anything wrong. And under the sanrccilcum- wilh sorle other lawycrs.One ol the lawycrstold nrc that stancesI would do the sarnelhins. Il mav have been onc aftcrnoonthcy wcre sitting Lrroundalier lunch. nonc unclhic l. bul it wasnot crirninal." ol them havins nruchto do. Sidney Yatessaid. "l have to Therc are othcr Jewish oersonsfor whom hc is a go to a political nreetingfbr my campaiun."The Iawycr' kind ol prototypc.olhcl Jewishpersons who have hrd told mc. "Wc said to Sidncy. 'What's thc use of going'l important roles in governmentalaf'flirs without holdin,q Nothing'sgoin-s to hirppen."'But Sidneyleft and cam- of'fice. Three examples are Ben Lindheimcr. who was paigned.and did so vigorously.and in the greatsweep of

12 1948he carriedhis district by 18,000votes.

Yotesan OutstandingCongressman He's beena remarkablecongressman, just remarkable.There are two sidesto SidneyYates. One is his sidein Congress,where he is courageous,indepen- dent and fearless.The other is his oositionin the citv organizalions,where he goesalong quietly. In Congresi he immediatelybegan fighting the oil and gas monopo- liesand their rates. WhenMcCarthyism came, he was one of seven Representativeswho opposedthe terrible Hobbsbill, andhe wasone of thevery few to voteagainst the inter- nal securitylaw. Thesewere McCarthyite measures which were very popularat the time. It took a lot of courageto be againstthem. He was alwayson the ball on housing.Always on healthissues. He hasbeen and is a sreatchamnion of thearls. He wasslow to opposerhe Vi6tnam War, bur he finally beganvoting againstappropriations. He was Sidney Yates: an amazing, even impeccable conglessman againstthe attackson the environment,especially when theywanted to sendSST aircraft over the wholeUnited facl is that urbanproblems are problemsthat haveto be States.He has beenan antazing,even an impeccable, metby New Dealmeasures." congressman. In individualcases of injusticehe alwaysstands Inspircd E.rcellencein Puhlic Seryice out. Yet whenhe comesback to Chicaso.he doesnot He hasshown undivided fidelitv to the oublic deviatefrom his alliancewith lhe m-achine.When interesl.He hasbeen an examplelbr a numberof others Singer.for example,ran for aldermanin the 43rd Ward in politics.I cannotlist themall, andif I omit some,it's as an anti-machinecandidate, Yates declined to supporl just becausethey are so numerous.He is the prototype him. Sincethen Singer has made peace with themachine for Abner Mikva, the statelegislator, congressman and and becomea prosperouslawyer. outstandingjudge; Seymour Simon, a splendidsecond- '55. WhenI ranfor aldermanin Yateshad been a roundalderman and very great Supreme Court judge; for congressmanfor sevenyears. By chancewe wereon the RobertMann, a remarkablestate legislator; for Robert sameplane going to Washington.He wasmost encour- Marks, Aaron Jaffe,Martin Oberman,Harold Katz. I agin_eto me andgave me excellentadvice. It wasadvice think I canalso name Alan Greiman.Ellis Levin and thatwas not confidentialor secret,on how to be a candi- ArthurBeman. datewhat to do, how to act.But at the end he said. "Don't tell anybodyI told you all this." He hadtold me At thebeginning I quotedwhat Jacob Freed said no secrets.but he knew I wasrunning against Commit aboutJews in public serviceand the propheticideals. teemanBarnet Hodes' candidate in the5th Ward.and he HaveJews in Chicago'spublic life beenfaithful to those did not wantme to go aroundand say that Sidney Yates ideals?In part,many have; in greatpart, some have; and toldme how to behave. some.not at all. The pictureis mixedlike that of other A rccentstatement by Yatesgives his fundamen- peoplesin politicallife in Chicago. tal views:"l still thinkpeople will supportthe Demo- Bal, I think there is an edse in our favor. We craticParty because it standsfor theNew Dealprograms havebeen a perseculedpeople anJ we understandthe and the othersocial programs that the party gave.The burdensof discrimination.We havea sreatersensitivitv programswe createdwere supposed to providea means lhanmort others ro \ocialinjuslice. a;d llhink tharior fbr peopleto movefbrward. Do you go backto creating our numberswe havecontributed just a few more than slums?Do you go backto miserableconditions? Do you our arithmeticalshare of peoplein publiclif'e who have do away with educationthe way Reaganwants to? Do beenresponsive to the propheticidea. What is the you do away with healthresearch after all the benefits propheticideal'l I think it was beststated by Amos. It we've seenemerge to make us the healthypeople we wasrepeated by Martin LutherKing in his 1963March are?Do you do awaywith cancerresearch? Do you do on Washingtonspeech. I think it is wharwe would like awaywith public transportation?The fact remainsthat to havefrom everyJewish person in publiclife. Some- peoplein thecity still needhousing; the problemis that timeswe get it very generously,but it's what we'd like thereis so little privatehousing built for peoplein the to havealways: "Let justiceroll down Iike watersand lower economiclevel. So you look for solutions.The righteousnesslike an ever-flowingstream." :l JewishWest Side Revivedat Penn SchoolReunion 1500Relive Old Times, SeeCutler Slide Show,

Ithough secular in nature. lhc I recentwildly-succcssl-ul reunion ol- I gradualesol'the William Penn EIe- I mentarySchool had thc ovcrtoncsol-a nos talgic backward Iook Nl Chicago Jewish history.Of the nearly 1.5(X)pcoplc atlcnd fi ing thc rcunion. it is eslimlled thrt 99.97 were Jewish,as were the studentsattcnding rhut Wc\r Sidc school during the first forty yearsor so lbllowing its openingin 1907. Located at Sixteenth Slreet and Avcrs Avenue in the heart of thc Jewrsrr West Side, thc school enrolled primarily The WilliamPenn School buildingas it currentlylooks Jewish studentsuntil aftcr World War III Cotutt s| Dr.IttitryL tlu and it was csscntially a middle-aged and newsletterfor theyears I937 57, anda full ish hislory. includingexhibits, the laping ol older crowd who filled (and ovcrflowed.) recordof the reunionhavc beengiven to oral histories. the collection of archivcs. the Rosemont-O'Hare Exposition Center rhe Society lor the Chicago Jewish publication of Cri( ./go ,leuish Hist(r't". pto- Ballroom on October 28. Hundredshad to Archives. I.J.S.O vision of speakersand meeting placesand be turned away lbr lack of space. th€ customary social hour which precedes meetings. Cut ler Slide s hou, F eatured NewYear Means Amongthe crowd who relivedold Dues PurposelyKept Lov' rimesin the Chicagoarea's largest Jewish RenewalTime Dues are kept low in order to neighborhoodever and waicheda triple- enableanyone actively to participatein the screenslide show on the "Old Neighbor- ForCJHS Members Societys efforts.Regular duc.r begin irt hood"given by CJHSco-fbunder Dr. Irving $25.00per year,with seniorsand students Cutler werc perhapsa dozen former Penn ettersreminding readers to renew able to belong for lessersums. A full page teachers.somc of themin theireighties. A theirCJHS membership are curent- schcduleof duesappears on the last of publication. twenty-fburpage oversized souvenir book ly in the mail accordingto Member- this Mrs. Cutlerreminds us voluntary many to let containeda directory, lettersfrom for- shipChairman Marian Cutler. All m€mber- that the decisionby \elecl mer teachers,memories of growingup in shipsexcept those of life membersand one of the higherdues categorie' is possible the areaand photosof communityinstitu- individualswho havejoined for the first what m.rkesit to continueour low- tions.chielly Jewish ones. time sinceJuly expiredat the end of rhe estfates. Anotherpopular feature of the calendaryear, and timely renewal is neces Shealso advises members to send reunionwas Dr. Cutler'sWe\l SideTour, a \rry in orderto in\ure receivingC,[/(.r{r, in their renewalswilhout delay to pre- CJHSsummcr \tuple. \ahich though given vent any interruptionin Societybenefits. .lauishHistd 'l andmeeting notices. twice fbr rhe graduateson Oclober29 had. They are a bar8ainJs ! ell ai a contri as usual.to turn awaydisappointed appli- Many Benefits of Membership butionlo thc prcserrationof Chicago'. cants. Among the olher benefitsavail- Jewishhistory. E able to membersare reducedrates for the PaopleCame .fittm 28 States Society'spopular summer tours, the right to Prelerencelbr thetours wu. given attendthe annual members'brunch. invita- to oul-o[-lor.rncrs irttendinS lhe reunion. tionsto exhibitopenings, discounts on pur- Flash Thesewere 42 irom Califbrnia. l4 from chasesat theSpertus Museum and free bus Florida.3t-rom Arizona and 25 liom olher \erviceto mceli||!\ rl di\l!nl localion.. Plannow to attendour March meet- states.One attendeehad graduatcdfrom Menrbersin goodstanding are also eligible tngdevoted to DiurlmurAdler. the archilect. Penn almost seventy years ago. The to receivea free copy of each monograph with Louis Sullivan.of the world-famous rcunionwas organizedby a completely publishedby the Doris Minsky Memorial AuditoriumBuilding now celebratingits cen non-professiona!volunteer commiltee cre Fundrs il dpperr\.A Iqqo publicrlioni\ tennial. atedat thc suggcstionof FredBass ol the planned. Planscall for a meetingin thebuild- classol l94ll at Penn. Althoughcxtremely modest, the ing anda tour of the struchture,including the A completecollection of thevuri- Society'sdues structure makes possible theaterSome of hisdescendants will bepresent. ous issuesoi the Pennygram.the schools mostSociety effons to preservelocal Jew- More detailslater "Graduales" of the Chicago Home for Jewish you any ol theseyoung persons and/or tell us about their oresent whereabouts? See storv for details. nisceand renew friendships. some oi which Donationto Archivesstartedfifty or sixty yearsbefore. They NewMembers Add gatheredfrom sixteen statesacross the RecallsDays of country.The reunionwas organized by Roy To SocietyStrength Klowden. grow JewishOrphanages An early photograph,presumably he Societycontinues to asnew of a groupof "graduates"and the home's membersassist us in our effortsto SeekIdentification collect, preserve director,andstories of the reunion have and disseminate past. Of Thosein I92l Photo recentlybeen donated to Societyarchives therecords of Chicago'sJewish Join- Historical by Carolyn Wollner.The photo appearsto ing rheChicago Jewi:.h Society the pastfew monthswere the fol- orty-slx yearsago, Just as rt was be from l92l and is reproducedon this during approachingits fiftieth year of oper- page.The Societyseeks to identify as many lowrng: ation,Chicago's first Jewishorphan- possible. you get individualsas If canhelp, Mike & Rose Ann Abr.ms ageclosed. It was a victim of changing in touchwith the editor at 348-2800. A.G. Belh lvrel socialservice philosophy, which by 1943 held that fosterhomes were Ie\\ institu- Foundedwith Donation Idrh Riskind tional and more desirable(and cheaper) The Chicago Home was founded M- ti. Hechl Riskind places for orphanedchildren. in 1894with a cash gift from a wealthy Milton Hern That the Chicago Home for Jew- Jewishbusinessman in Waverly,Iowa, job Inin-c Sachs ish Orphansdid a good of providingfor W. K. Slimmer.It openedits doorsin a Marcia & Mich{el S.per parentlesschildren has been testifiedto in rentedhouse at 3601 SouthVernon Avenue Evr Shure reminiscencespublished prcviously in this with a capacityof thirty-onechildren. In journal and elsewhere.lt was reinforced 1899it movedinto its own largeqpurpose- someten yearsago, however,when over built quarterson Drexel Avenue,across 200 "alumni" held a reunionat the Max from the Jewishold people'shome earlier This list brings the total new DolnickCenter. establishedby ChicagoGerman Jewish membershipfor last year to ll7. Since community. many were for couples,the actual number Loc'atedin Woodlawn The ChicagoHome was later sup- of individualsadded to our rolls in 1989is The "Aitchkays"or homekids as plementedby the Marks Nathan Home on very near 150.They materiallyaugment they were called when they lived at the theWest Side, which primarily served chil- our strengthand assistus in our various home at 6208 South Drexel Avenueand dren of EasternEuropean background. effortsto preserveour past. attendedFiske Schooland Hyde Park High Virtually no orphanagesexist in the area MarianCutler Schoolmet in Septemberof lg78 to remi- today. O MembershipChairman

15 Officers1989-90

WaltcrR()1h...... -...... Prcsicienr Burt Robirr...... ViccPresident WhatWe Are Membership ElaineSu1owdy...... Secrctary HcrnranDraznin...... -...-...... Trcasurer Thc ChicagoJewish HistoricalSociety was Membershipin the Socicty includcsa sub- Directors loundedin 1977and is in parl an outgrowth scriplion to Chitugo .lcuish Hl.\1.r'!: each Leah Axclrod. Daniel Bcederman.Charlcs ol lu.al Jcursh in Ihr Am(fi- monographpublishcd by the Doris Minsky ;r:rrticipution Bcrnstcin.Sol Brandzel.Dr. Irvin-!lCutler. can Bicentcnnial celebrations of 1976. Mcnrorial Fund ts it lppears: discounlson Mrrian Cutler. Clarc Grccnberg.Dr. Adclc Muricl Robin was thc for.rnclingpresident. Socielv lours dn(i at thc Spcr-lusMuscunt Hast':'.Janct Hagcfup. Ritcllcl Hcintovics'r'. I1 has as its purposclhe discovcry.prescr- Slore and thc opportunity lo learn and Mltrl Milndle. Dr. Edwald Mazur. Tont villion and disseminalion ol- i li)rmrlion inlbrm olhers conccrning Chicago Jcwish Mcitcs. Joscph Minskv. Elsic Ollinsk;. c{)nceaDingthc Jcwish cxpcricncc in lhe histolv and ils preservalion. D{\ id Plssntiil. Jancs Ricc. Muricl Robin Chicagoarcii. Mcnrbership in llrc Socict)' is opcn to all Rogcrs:'. Moscllc Sch w rrt,,. Nor llrl pcrsons iilcrcs{cd itnd ofganiration\. Sch w xrlr'r'. Millo ShUlInan. Shirlc] WhatWe Do Solkin. Sidncy Solkin. Dr. Irwin Sulowlr, DuesStructure 'i'lndicillesPlsl President Thc Socicly seeks oul, collccts and pre Mcmbershipruns on ii calcndaryear. liorl servesrppropri{lc written. spokcnancl pho- Januarythrough Dccenrbcr. New members ChicagoJewish logruph ic records: publishcs historicrl after July I are given an initial intormiLlion: holds public mcclines itl .joining enrbershipthrough Dcccntber of the tbl- History which various aspeclsol Chicago Jewish lowing ycar.The lbllowingdues schedulc hislory are trealcd; mounls approp rte applies1() categorics indicated: Chitu,4t.letishHisrrrrr, is publishedquar- e\hihil.; iurd ofl'er. tourr uf Jcwi\h hi\rori tcrly by lhe ChicagoJewish Historical RegularMembership...... $25.00 cal sites. Socielyat 618 SouthMichigan Avcnuc. FamilyMembership ...... $3 5.00 Chicago.Illinois 60605. Telephone (312) MinskyFund Palron...... $50.00 663 563,1.Appropriate nlanuscrip(s are Sponsor...... $I00.00 invited and should be dircctedto the edi SeniorCitizen Membership...... li | 5.00 1orat 3-500North Lakc Shore Drive. Chica- The Doris Minsky Memorial Fund, estab- StudcntMembership...... $ 10.00 go. Illinois 60657.Singlc copies:51.50 lished in memory of one of the Society's postpaid.Successor to S.xi(,1l Ncv1's. Iounders and longtime leirders,seeks to Synagogueor Organization...... li25.00 Editor...... 1rwinJ.Suloway publish annuallya nonogftrph on an aspect Lile Membership...... $I.000.00 of Chicago area Jewish history. Members Checksshould be maclepayable to lhe EditorialBoard may receive a copy of each monograph as ChicagoJewish Historical Socicty. Ducs MarianCutler, Mark Mandle it is published. Manuscriptsmay be sub are lax deductibleto the extcnfpermifted NormanSchwartz. Sidney mitted and contributions to the Func are by law. Sorkin.Elaine Suloway welcomcat any trme.

Look to the nock Cao''t u)},ich lto(J aDeae he.r)n !JF5Tr' -r tJ-5't tvriir

cl)tcaco Jeu)tsY) l:rstctnrcol socretJ 6t8 SOUTHMtCHtcAN, CH|CAGO. tLLtNO|S.60605