17344 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 391. Also, memorial of the Senate of the PETITIONS, ETC. 231. Also, petition of Sergio P. Arizala, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, relative to Cataingan, Masbate, Republic of the Philip­ the Surface Transportation Act of 1971; to Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions pines, relative to a claim of Candido P. Men­ the Committee on Interstate and Foreign and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk doza; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Commerce. and referred as follows: 232. Also, petition of B. W. "Swede" David­ 392. Also, memorial of the Legislature of 228. By the SPEAKER: Petition of stafl' son, San Luis Obispo, Calif., relative to re­ the State of Iowa, ratifying the proposed members of various Members of Congress and dress of grievances; to the Committee on the amendment to the Constitution of the its committees, relative to the war in Viet­ Judiciary. United States relative to equal rights for nam; to the Committee on Foreign A1Iairs. 233. Also, petition of Albert J. Sullivan, men and women; to the Committee on the 229. Also, petition of Robert H. Simmons, Joliet, Dl., relative to redress of grievances; Judiciary. Washington, D.C., relative to establishment to the Committee on the Judiciary. of a National Historical Museum Park, as 234. Also, petition of Richard Warren Bow­ man, Gratenford, Pa., relative to redress of PRIVATE Bn..LS AND RESOLUTIONS proposed in H.R. 10311; to the Committee on House Administration. grievances; to the Committee on the Judi­ Under clause 1 of rule xxn, 230. Also, petition of Helen M. Grover, ciary. Mr. ROYBAL introduced a blll (H.R. Baltimore, Md., relative to the condition of 235. Also, petition of James M. Williams, 14988) to authorize grants to the Degana­ the Provident Hospital Mental Health Clinic Minneapolis, Minn., et al., relative to im­ widah-Quetzalcoatl University; to the Com­ in Baltimore; to the Committee on Inter­ peachment proceedings; to the Committee on mittee on Education and Labor. state and Foreign Commerce. the Judiciary.

EXTEN.SIONS OF REMARKS VOLUNTARY SUPPORT IS KEY TO themselves by competition and, at the same Stabilization Program was a dream that ECONOMIC STABILIZATION PRO­ time, strive to adhere to the policies and would be gone in the morning, I urge them GRAM regulations of the Pay Board and Price Com­ to reconsider. For those who have been mak­ mission. Mr. Mullaney assured his audience ing price and pay decisions without consid· that any future decisions, now under con­ eration of the program, I urge them to edu• sideration, to exempt small businesses from cate themselves and their companies as to HON. HENRY P. SMITH III the formalities of the controls system will be the impact of the program on those deci­ OF NEW YORK realistic, equitable, and helpful both to the sions." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES objectives of business and Government. The chief legal officer for the Cost of Monday, May 15, 1972 Living Council focused his remarks pri­ VIRGINIA'S HIGHWAY SAFETY PRO­ Mr. SMITH of New York. Mr. Speaker, marily on the compliance and enforcement GRAM RANKS FIRST IN THE NA­ aspects of the program. "If the program is to as phase n of the President's economic succeed, it must have the support of the TION plan for our country continues to be in American people," and, Mullaney added,• effect, it is with great hopes that I harbor "there is considerable evidence that the pro­ the goals of the Cost of Living Council in gram has that support. We are doing our HON. WILLIAM B. SPONG, JR. developing a sound economic stabiliza­ best to earn it." OF VIRGINIA tion program. "Where violations are found, we now have IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES In a recent speech by Joseph E. Mul­ the machinery in place to aggressively seek laney, General Counsel of the Cost of out violators and to move promptly and Monday, May 15, 1972 forcefully to see that the violations are cor­ Mr. SPONG. Mr. President, it is a Living Council, before the Printing In­ rected." dustries of America, Mr. Mullaney cited The Cost of Living Council, a Cabinet­ pleasure to announce to the Senate that the compliance and enforcement aspects level agency, was created by Executive Order Virginia ranks first in the country in the as being the root of success of the eco­ on August 15, 1971, to develop and recom­ 1972 evaluation of State highway safety nomic program along with the support mend to the President policies and proce­ programs by the Department of Trans­ of the American people. dures to maintain economic growth without portation. Mr. Speaker, for the benefit of my col­ inflationary increases in prices, rents, wages Virginia scored 1,485 out of a possible and salaries. It is charged with the primary 1,600 in the ratings, according to infor­ lee.gues, I insert at this point the text of responsibility for establishing broad goals a news release on the speech made by for the Nation's Economic Stabilization mation provided by DOT and the Insur­ Mr. Mullaney urging support for the Program. ance Institute for Highway Safety. The Council's efforts by all parties involved: General Counsel Mullaney cited a few Commonwealth achieved a perfect score SPEECH BY JOSEPH E. MULLANEY speciflc examples of areas now receiving close in six of the 16 national highway safety scrutiny-areas being examined to deter­ WASHINGTON, D.C., April 19.-"The stabili­ program standards. zation agencies are fully prepared and will mine whether violations may exist. These These include periodic motor vehicle vigm:ously enforce the Economic Stabiliza­ are: (a) Instances of voluntary rollbacks or inspection; motor vehicle registration; tion Act and the regulations that have been adjustments where there have been willful motor cycle safety; driver education; issued to date," Joseph E. Mullaney, General violations, where they have had a significant economic impact, and where there is a likeli­ driver licensing; codes and laws; traffic Counsel of the Cost of Living Council said courts; alcohol in relation to highway yesterday in a combined luncheon address to hood that the incident will reoccur; (b) In­ the Government A1Iairs Committee and the stances where profit margin limitations have safety; identification and surveillance of Wage Price Steering Committee of the Print­ been exceeded over the base period. In this accident locations; traffic records; emer­ ing Industries of America at the Marriott Key regard, action has already been taken against gency medical services; highway design, Bridge Hotel in Washington, D.C. some firms and, it was made clear, will be construction and maintenance; traffic The Printing Industries of America is the taken against all others who do not observe lighting and control devices; pedestrian largest trade association in the graphic arts this requir-ement; (c) Instances of poten­ safety; police traffic services, and debris field with more than 8,000 member com­ tial violations involving large firms failing to observe the reporting requirements. This hazard control and cleanup. panies. This is the second consecutive year that Mr. Mullaney gave his assessment of the requirement is applicable to all firms with effectiveness of the Administration's eco­ $50 mlllion or more in sales and to all pay Virginia's highway safety program has I nomic control program since its inception adjustments involving 1,000 or more em­ achieved this distinction, and I wish to last August 15. He traced the purpose and ployees; and {d) Instances involving the commend the division of highway safety possibility of potential violations by retail­ in the Governor's office, and the Virginia results of the freeze and reported on the ers and wholesalers with respect to devia- planning and options for Phase II, the pres­ tions from accepted customary markup Department of Highways for their efforts ent goals and existing structure, progress to practices. and initiatives. date in compliance and enforcement, and A!ter making it clear that the Govern­ Mr. President, an April26 news release possible future changes in the system. ment is getting tougher with willful viola­ of the Department of Transportation ex­ Since the "future" comes fast in today's tors of the stabilization program, with the plains the program in considerable detail. h appenings, Mr. Mullaney underscored a cur­ necessary sanctions readily available for use, ask unanimous be print­ r ent Council objective of real significance to Mullaney, a magna cum laude graduate of I consent that it printers, namely, the effort of the Council to both Holy Cross College and Harvard Law ed in the RECORD. achieve greater efficiency by relying more School concluded his remarks with the fol­ There being no objection, the news re­ unon the voluntary and conscientious actions lowing appeal, "For those who have been lease was ordered to be printed in the of those in the small business field to police harboring the thought that the Economic RECORD, as follows: May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17345

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NEWS The 16 National Highway Safety Program sock in the jaw, but half-but this might Secretary of Transportation John A. Volpe Standards include Periodic Motor Vehicle In­ be enuf for a knockout. said today that efforts at the State and com­ spection; Motor Vehicle Registration; Moto:­ Meany gives another reason for his belief munity levels-together with Federal sup­ cycle Safety; Driver Education; Driver Li­ of strikes as a weapon in capital and labor port-have slowed the rapid increase of lives censing; Codes and Laws; Traffic Courts; disputes. He says that the strike benefits and lost in traffic accidents. But the Secretary Alcohol in Relation to Highway Safety; Iden­ strike funds are not enuf to sustain the noted that no State has taken all the legis­ tification and Survelllance of Accident Loca­ strikers under our present high standard of lative and administrative actions needed to tions· Traffic Records; Emergency Medical living. This is reverse comment. Surmise that fully implement highway safety program Servi~es; Highway Design, Construction, and if those funds were adequate, strike would standards. Maintenance; Traffic Lighting and Control be okeh. So he watered down his original He urged the Nation's Governors to step up Devices; Pedestrian Safety; Police Traffic principle and compromises it. their State's highway safety activities, par­ Services; and Debris Hazard Control and The labor chief has given some nod to ticularly in the priority areas of alcohol coun­ Cleanup. binding arbitration-also called compulsory termeasures, driver control and Selective arbitration. Now he is getting somewhere. The Traffic Enforcement Programs (STEP). elimination of the strike completely and the "Research indicates that a majority of traf­ ABOUT STRIKES decision made by a mediation board of neu­ fic crashes are attributable to driver behavior tral judges and that decision would be final and thus driver control must be made more and binding on both parties in the argu­ effective and comprehensive," Secretary Volpe ment. said. He stated that advancements in me­ HON. JOHN M. ZWACH But Meany concludes by stating that he chanical technology, learning techniques, and OF MINNESOTA would continue his fight for the right to data processing provide the opportunity for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES strike. Question. That workers have the right greatly improved or innovative systems. to tie up an organization owned by other "When we talk of driver control programs," Monday, May 15, 1972 people just as if they owned it themselves, the Secretary said, "we do not mean to imply deprive the public of services furnished by Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, 0. B. Au­ that organization and create distress thru­ a punitive program. We mean better _screen­ gustson, publisher of the West C~ntral ing and examination of people entermg the out a nation or a community. That is asking system, better education of drivers, improved Daily Tribune at Willmar, in our Minne­ a whale of a lot of power. To quit work is rehabilitation, and, of course, increased po­ sota Sixth Congressional District is a a right of course. That can be done by any­ lice efforts t6 get the hazardous driver into longtime liberal, a real liberal, I might one. But then the stricken company should the remediation system." add. have free will to hire other people to do As advanced by the Department's National He was raised in a mining town in the work required. and without any molesta­ Highway Traffic Safety Administration, an days when the labor union movement tion-no threats, no violence. In our days ideal driver control system would infiuence was in its infancy, when it was badly of law and order and one would hope a lot driver behavior by upgrading skills, knowl­ of plain horse sense, one would contend that edge and attitudes. Where this is not possi­ needed in that industry. He has been in disputes should be settled, not with clul>s ble, drivers, or potential drivers, with critical the forefront of the liberal thinkers of any kind but like in all civil cases let physical and mental impairments would be Minnesota and has been a strong sup­ them be brought into court and settle the screened out. porter of the labor union movement. arguments in a civilized manner-and like Secretary Volpe said the Department has With that background, I think a re­ grownups, not a bunch of kids. Especially recently announced a massive, national in­ cent editorial "About Strikes" by Mr. when in our day when the grievances hardly formation-education campaign designed to justify the use of force and sometimes even Augustson should be of special interest violence. generate public awareness of the continuing to my colleagues a.nd the many others threat of the drunken driver. This has been a lengthy treatie but the "This high priority effort," said the Secre­ WhO read the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. subject is a major one. We have many giants tary, "is in response to President Nixon's Therefore, with your permission, I in­ in the field of capital and labor and they directive to take all necessary steps to dras­ sert that fine editorial in the RECORD: have to learn to live and share together and tically reduce our annual toll of some 55,000 ABoUT STRIKES thru the most peaceful means. highway fatalities each year, half of which George Meany, head of the giant AFL­ are related to excessive drinking." CIO labor organization made some headlines The campaign will serve as a backup for when he appeared recently before a U.S. the Alcohol Safety Action Programs ( ASAPs) Senate labor committee. He was comment­ A VOTE FOR POSTERITY now being Federally-funded in 35 States to ing about the matter of strikes. find ways to control drunk drivers and re­ We have read thru his views as expressed move them from the highway. ASAP con­ at that hearing. And one can surely agree HON. JOHN D. DINGELL tracts with the NHTSA represent a total with much of what he said and even ex­ OF MICHIGAN investment of $82 million over a period of press surprise at some of his views as some­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES three-and-a-half years. what unexpected. Perhaps Meany at his age The STEP program is designed to evaluate has lived a long time, times have changed, Monday, May 15, 1972 the strategy and impact of traffic enforce­ labor and capital relations have changed, ment countermeasures applied at high acci­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the recent causes for strikes perhaps also have changed. election in West Virginia made it clear dent frequency locations. Last year, the De­ We would like to comment on some of the partment awarded contracts totaling $1.5 points he has made and the writer himself that when the issues are clearly before million to three cities to develop traffic en­ has lived a long time and observed much. the people, the environment remai~ as forcement techniques to reduce fatalities, Meany said that he does not believe in an important, if not overriding, fact of personal injuries and property damage in strikes and doesn't believe they mean what political life. This point was clearly which traffic violations are contributing fac­ they did years ago. One would agree. The made by the Christian Science Monitor tors. writer was brot up when strikes were impera­ STEP contracts have been signed with in an editorial in its May 13, 1972, issue tive. During the days called days of dark under the heading "A Vote for Posterity" Chattanooga, Tennessee; El Paso, Texas; and capitalism when strikes had to be done for Sacramento, California. The result of coun­ workers to survive. Those were strikes for and I insert the text of the editorial at termeasures used in these cities will be ap­ plain bread. In contrast with today-strikes this point in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: plied to future STEP projects in other cities are for more cake. A VOTE FOR POSTERITY around the country. Meany said that there should be other Out of the rugged hills of West Virginia The Secretary said he recently sent letters alternatives to walkouts and surely better to the Nations Governors advising them he has come a political portent that should ways should be sought. We agree. Strikes serve as warning to those last-ditch resisters has reviewed an evaluation of each State's are brute force, they belong to the old highway safety program. who still think of environmental control as past and could be called antiquated and un­ a will-o'-the-wisp pursuit of little ladies in Under the Highway Safety Act of 1966, the civilized in our time of a far better society. States are responsible for carrying out high­ tennis shoes. This new sign of the environ­ By no stretch of imagination can it be said mental times is the smashing victory in the way safety programs to implement uniform that the causes for strikes today can be National Standards issued by the Secretary Tuesday primary elections of candidates who compared to the poverty out of which strikes staked their political lives on abolishing strip­ of Transportation and administered by the were born in the yesterdays. We know some­ NHTSA and the Federal Highway Adminis­ mining, which has scarred thousands of thing of this from a mining town. square miles of West Virginia's weeded moun­ tration (FHWA). But the labor chief sort of qualifies his Along with the letters, the Secretary en- tains. strike stand. He would allow strikes tieing Considering the economic importance of closed a chart which shows a listing of the up 40 % of an industry. Well in this new coal in that state--which produces 85 per­ States grouped alphabetically within the age of unprecendented dependency the havoc cent of U.S. coal output--and the fact that three categories of Above Average, Average raised would still be there and you could the antistripping forces had no real state­ and Below Average. The categories refiect just as well tie up the whole business for wide organization, the odds would have how the States are implementing the na­ the damage and inconvenience imposed. seemed heavily against the industry's op­ tional Standards. Rather a lame back door proposal. Not- full ponents. Not so. 17346 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 Secretary of State John D. Rockefeller IV, All farmers who are eligible should nothing more than a propaganda forum giv­ the Democratic maverick of one of America's obtain a 1040X form from their local in­ ing the North Vietnamese easy access to our wealthiest and most solidly Republican fam­ ternal revenue office. This form is used news media while they again follow the pol­ ilies, swept up the nomination for governor icy that preceded Dien Bien Phu-building with a. 71 percent vote. Mr. Rockefeller has to amend a 1971 tax return. up power for the kill. When President Nixon's pledged to "abolish strip mining completely I congratulate President Nixon on his policy of training the South Vietnamese to and forever" in West Virginia. In its place decision. Not only is it in keeping with handle their own defense looked like it might he would encourage deep-mining of coal, our commitment to the principle of free work (as it has in Korea) , the Russian&­ which not only causes less environmental trade among nations, but it will also with some help from the Chinese-stepped up damage, but supplies more jobs. provide substantial benefits to our many their aid program to North Vietnam to a. Other antistrip candidates' showings were millions of farm families. monumental extent. as impressive or even more so than Mr. Rock­ The NVA fighting in South Vietnam today efeller's. One such is Rep. Ken Hechler, who is being done with tanks, -artillery, missiles, bas led the fight against strip-mining on a and mortars on a scale that some European national level in Congress. Considered an WHY AMERICA GROWS WEAKER powers would be bard pressed to duplicate. underdog in the West Virgini~a p~imarily, With ~quipment made in Russia, not North Mr. Hechler swept up the nominatiOn over Vietna.m.2 the opposition of the United Mine Worken; HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN But even all that hardware shipped in Union. He seeks a return to Washington to OF NEW HAMPSHmE to Haiphong hasn't let the VC and NVA win finish his work as author of a bill that would on the battlefield. So the Communists have abolish surface mining nationally. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES started anew a chorus to win the decisive Conversely, state Sen. Tracy Hylton, a Monday, May 15, 1972 battle-on our home front. powerful strip mine operator, suffered an They are getting a lot of help: from some upset defeat at the bands of youthful War­ Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, the ex­ of our most popular radio and TV commen­ ren McGra.m, member of the state House of tent of acceptance of the manifestly tators; from some of the nation's best-read Delegates, and an opponent of strip-mining. unsound contention that peace can come newspapers; from some opportunistic politi­ It is sad to think that a once-beautiful through retreat in the face of attack con­ cians running for the Presidency by aiming state bad to be mutilated to the degree that tinues to amaze many Americans. Most their rhetoric at the so-called "liberal" vote; West Virginia. has been, in the greedy rush thoughtful people want peace. The ques­ and from 144 House Democrats who voted for quick profits by shortsighted men, before tion is how best to attain it? on 20 April to criticize our President, not the public would rise in concert to stop it. North Vietnam's, for "a. dangerous escala­ But the lesson should be a. valuable one for In this world it is by staying strong, tion" of the war. The right o! dissent is one all of the United States. Environmental pro­ not by running out on your obligations, of America's greatest strengths; but those tection has been proven a. potent political our friends, or the need to maintain a who exerdse it bear an equal responsibility issue. The democratic process has been once su:ffi..ciently capable military and naval to inform, not just inflame. There are two again vindicated as a powerful, if often slow, presence to discourage aggression. sides to every issue: it's one thing to be in­ means of popular redress. This month's Armed Forces Journal dignant over the bombing in North Vietnam; We applaud the courage of those candi­ in an interesting editorial quite properly it's another not to voice equal indignation dates who stood up against the economic expresses concern over our rapidly erod­ over the North Vietnamese invasion or North odds. And that of the citizens who cast their Vietnam's treatment of our POWs. ballots on the right side. ing defense capabilities. Ironically, North Vietnam is getting some DISSENT IS FINE-BUT HERE WE unwitting help from the Administration it­ Go AGAIN self. A courageous President is catching holy (By Gerald Gidwitz) hell from Congress and the press for trying PRESIDENT EXTENDS A SIGNIFI­ to blunt an invasion--because his communi­ CANT TAX BENEFIT TO FARMERS (NoTE.-Gerald Gidwitz is chairman of cation "expert.a" won't let the Americans see Helene Ctwtis Industries and Continental the Pentagon photo's that show our bombing Materials Corporation. He has no defense is accurate and is directed at military tar­ HON. VERNON W. THOMSON contraot&-altbougb some military exchanges gets (not "orphanages, hospitals, or North OF WISCONSIN may sell shampoo made by his firm. A Jour­ Vietnamese homes"). Our photos that show nal subscriber and former stockholder, he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES there are still one helluva lot of those tar­ is neither dove nor hawk: As he put it once, gets to take ou1r-if the South Vietnamese Monday, May 15, 1972 "The quality of American politics would im­ nation isn't going to fall under the treads prove immeasurably if a few more candidates of Russian-built tanks or die in cities in­ Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin. Mr. worked as bard persuading the North Viet­ Speaker, I was pleased note that Pres­ cinerated by callously-aimed Russian-built to namese to let American POWs out of prison rockets and long-range mortars. ident Nixon recently extended a signifi­ as they are working to get themselves in Much more hinges on the outcome in Viet­ cant tax benefit to farmers across our office.'') nam than Vietnam. Our credibility as an ally Nation. I refer to the President's action Whatever happened to that old American in Thailand, Japan, the Philippines, and April 11 in providing the investment tax indignation? What's happening to this even Europe is at stake. country? In 1954 we encouraged the Hungarians to credit for many types of foreign-pro­ The Viet Cong weren't winning on the bat­ duced fann equipment ordered by farm­ revol1r-and didn't lift a. finger to help them. tlefield in South Vietnam, so the North Viet­ In 1961 we abandonded the Cuban brigade on ers while the import surcharge was in 1 namese went all out. As we're pulling our the beach at the Bay of Pigs. In 1962 we e1Iect last year. troops and materiel out, North Vietnam sent "won" the Cuban missile erisi&-just barely­ As we know, foreign-produced items its in. On three major fronts, the Communists and let the Russians take home nuclear mis­ ordered during the import surcharge have hit South Vietnam with everything siles targeted on our cities, so they could be they've got. period last August 16 through December As President Nixon took steps to blunt this retargeted on our European allies. We said 19 did not qualify for the tax credit un­ we'd never permit Castro to export Com­ massive invasion, the Communists who can't munism to Latin America-but he's doing it. less the President waived this limitation. win on the battlefield are trying to win on Mr. Nixon has decided that it is in the the home front--our home front. We let the Russians build the Berlin wall. We Three years ago, America's so-called "peace watched our friends be overthrown in Libya-­ interest of our country's farmers-and in and got ourselves thrown out. An American the general public interest-to grant the groups" and politicians who blamed us, not general damned near got bung for putting credit on duty-free farm equipment. North Vietnam, for the war in Southeast Asia. pressured President Johnson to stop the U.S. forces in Germany on full field alert Because of the President's action, bombing in North Vietnam in return for a when Russian forces headed west and suf­ America's farmers will now be given the useless promise to negotiate. The Commu­ focated Czechoslovakia. We pressured Israel tax credit on many foreign-produced to pull back to less defenseable positions on nists, it's clear now, lost their shirts in the her own borders, held up the Phantom jets items which they normally buy and Tet offensive that precipitated President she needed to counter the air force Russia which they usually order at the time of Johnson's decision. But they won the big­ gest battle of the war: not on the battlefield, sent to Cairo, and then hedged for weeks year when the import surcharge was in over who violated what while Egypt poured effect. The list of affected items is on the American home front. anus into the buffer zone. We undermined an The Paris meet~ngs h ave degenerat ed into lengthy, but included such vitally needed old ally, Nationalist China: all we have to equipment as tractors, planting and show for it so far-two Panda Bears in the 1 On March 31st, so many NVA troops pour­ seeding equipment, harvesting machin­ ed through the DMZ that today SO-percent National Zoo. Our foreign service specialists ery, and various types of sp rayers. The or more of regular Army forces are fighting debated the wisdom of Presidential orders investment credit will reduce the original beyond its own borders. North Vietnam has while India creamed Pakistan. cost of these and other important items 13 regular divisions; two "Viet Cong" divi­ and will help our farms to remain mod­ sions are manned predominately by NVA a By some intelligence estimates, five· b.un­ ern and competitive with those of other troops: twelve of these are now outside of dred Soviet-made tanks spearheaded tb " new nations. North Vietnam. offensives in South Vietnam. May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17347 We've let our military strength deteriorate thwarted, especially in France. This is greatly socialistic masterpla.nning starved others. The vis-a-vis Russia's to the point where we look due to a. fatal desire--learned from the teach­ obvious, though, is lost in agile intellectual like a. second-rate power with an obsolete, ings of antiquity-that our writers on public juggling by the collectivist mentality. That shrinking Navy; a. disappearing Merchant affairs have in common. They desire to set capitalism and freedom we~e the key to pro­ Marine; an Air Force which has to retire themselves above mankind in order to ar­ gress was swept hastily under the mat. Capi­ obsolescent planes (or see them shot down by range, organize, and regulate it according to talism's new crime against mankind was that Soviet-made guns and missiles) faster than their fancy. While society is struggling to­ it duped the helpless consumer with innu­ we are building them; and an Army that ward liberty, these famous men who put merable choices, massive deceit, and personal takes almost as many casualties in the Con­ themselves at its head are filled with the freedom which the consumer could not in­ gressional budget arena. as it did on the spirit of the seventeenth and eighteenth cen­ telligently handle in behalf of his own wel­ battlefield in Vietnam. turies. They think only of subjecting man­ fare. Not only do our enemies get the message, kind to the philanthropic tyranny of their The latter part of our twentieth century but our a.llies will too. Around the ·world, own social inventions." 1 has witnessed an anti-industry, "pro" con­ diplomats are troubled by an interpretation Just as immutable truths are eternal, so sumer binge that delights in sleuthing out of U.S. foreign policy that suggests: is there a continuous thrust to falsehood. the human imperfections and fa.llibilites re­ "The Communists help their friends just The myths of socialism preached in Bastiat's fiected in the free market ... exaggerating enough to win; we help ours just enough to day have been refurbished and ballyhooed these ... and offering them as absolute jus­ lose." before us anew. Since socialism is pa.rasi­ tification for state control. Automobiles, toys, And we even have Senators running for tica.l-succeeQJng in practice only as long as and packaged foods are not viewed as the President on that platform. it can soak up previously accumulated blessings of capitalistic a.filuence but rather wealth-it finds acceptance from the masses as threats to life and limb. just to the extent that it can infiltrate and This is the mind intoxicate with its own manipulate some cause" or problem" cur­ supposed infallibility. In its hands, consumer CONSUMER SUICIDE rentlY attracting the populace's attention. protection becomes just one more demagogic That "cause" today is consumerism. Bas­ and legislative weapon for restructuring so­ tiat wouJd have labeled it- "philanthropic ciety consistent with its visions of man-in­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE tyranny," although we are assured by the troduced millenium. Many sincere, honest modern custodians of society that it has a. people in the United States have justified OF U.LINOIS virtuous obligation to "protect the consum­ complaints against certain products, business IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES er." Bastiat would have reported that such practices, and false claims by industry. Such Monday, May 15, 1972 benevolent intention in behalf of humanity individuals--and they are housewives, vice­ were simply a. devious cloak employed by presidents of corporations, "ghetto" resi­ Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in much of those who "set themselves above mankind in dents, and bank executives--are the bonafide the current discussion about consumer order to arrange, organize, and regulate it consumers, not the personally-anointed, third "advocates" and consumer "rights,'' we according to their fancy." party interventionists who have twisted con­ Consumerism in 1972 promises to be a fer­ sumerism into an anti-free enterprise tend to forget that the best consumer bludgeon. safeguard is not a new law or Govern­ tile field for legions of socialistic-minded politicians, "intellectuals," professors, jour­ CONSUMER HAS POWER ment agency but· free enterprise itself. nalists, et a.l. The statist-collectivist mob has Under our capitalist system, the con­ muscled its way into the free market, curl­ The consumer has the right and the re­ sumer votes with his dollars for the kinds ing its paternalistic arms around the sup­ sponsibility to make himself felt, both · posedly defenseless consumer. Naturally, if through vocal indignation and pocketbook of products he wishes to purchase. The abstention. When he does, he can exert tre­ jury of American business is not a court the consumer requires protection, there must be some culprit . . . some oppressor. Free mendous power-power more effective than of law or a legislative chamber but the enterprise-more specifically industry and all of the commissions, laws, and legislative millions of free citizens who judge its business-is that monstrous exploiter. Phos­ programs coerced through Congress by the products and services as they choose phates, DDT, and mercury-all are sinister socialistic bandwagon. If the consumer is al­ between them. poisons brewed up by the twentieth century's lowed to remain free, to be accountable and version of the Robber Barons for the sub­ responsible, he will ultimately choose be­ Unfortunately, many businessmen tween what he thinks is a. wise purchase or have failed to respond to those who urge jugation of the "common man." The exploitation theory has antecedents an unwise buy. Through personal trial and increasing governmental intervention before Marx. Our present pollution-consu­ error, the worthless product or cheap pur­ into the economy. Writing in the May merism hysteria is typical demagoguery used chase is cast aside. A new product or shop 1972 issue of the New Guard, Robert by human manipulators throughout history. is patronized. Either the company will pro­ Bearce points out that- When capitalism and the free market were vide an improved product or it suffers bank­ ruptcy. There is no reason for industry to apologize liberating man from material deprivation during the early and mid-1800s, the propo­ Government, too, has its justified presence for profit. No reason to grovel before humani­ in the consumerism debate. Fraud, malice, tarian zealots because it has not created nents of the regimented society mounted an energetic offensive against freedom. The mag­ violence--an are means by which the free utopia. by 1972 nor rid man of his basic hu­ market is corrupted by men who view free­ man nature. The guilt complex of the entre­ nified and imagined sins of the Industrial Revolution were paraded before the world dom as a. one-way affair or as the means to preneur today is the seed of surrender by the "get-rich-quick" throne. Government default. To the extent that industry and with pious infallibility. The anticapitalistic saga as related by collectivist journalism has the duty to prosecute the abuser of business allow socialistic slander and false­ freedom. The consumer activist, though, hood to go without hard-hitting rebuttal, made bloodcurdling reading but it was a. bit divorced from reality. makes government the ultimate object of his to that extent it will be easier to clamp affection since through its "legalized" use of bureaucratic stagnation upon the free CAPrrALISM EQUALS PROGRESS force, all manner of legislative remedies are market. The fruits of free trade, capital accumula­ concocted in behalf of the consumer. tion, free market excha.ng~. mass production, A contaminated can of tuna is discovered. In this sense, the real threat to the and la.issez-faire economics as set forward by This insidious mishap is followed by jour­ rights of the consumer is not the busi­ men like Jefferson, Adam Smith, and Bastiat nalistic tirades decrying the malpractices of nessman but the so-called consumer "ad­ steadily out-distanced collectivist tirades. It capitalism (not just the particular company vocate" who would stifle economic free­ was apparent to all except the doctrinaire involved but the free market itself!) Politi­ dom in order to "protect" those whose authoritarian that capitalism was responsible cians and anxious consumer pow-wows take freedom is eliminated. for technological progress, a. higher standard up the chant. When the tear gas of emo­ I wish to share Mr. Bearce's article, of living for more people, and economic sta­ tionalism and sloganeer drifts away, a new bility ... all accomplished in an atmosphere law is on the books while the citizenry is "Consumer Suicide: A Consumer's Best of freedom. Socialism and government inter­ more suspicious than ever that business is Friend Is Not Ralph Nader," with my vention, by contrast, still deprived people of either plotting against the consumer or de­ colleagues and insert it in the RECORD at the necessities of life, starved them, subju­ generating into unpardonable inefficiency. this time: gated them to misery and degradation • • • Multitudes are willing to abandon individual CONSUMER SUICIDE-A CONSUMER'S BEST all at the expense oj freedom. accountability, responsibility, and free choice FRIEND Is NoT RALPH NADER Thus defeated in their propaganda on­ for the worship of a. host of new mini-gods­ slaught against the Industrial Revolution (By Robert Bearce) the FDA, FTC, Office of Consumer Affairs, and free enterprise, the champions of social­ etc., etc. Writing in 1850, at a. time when the French ism had to muster forces for a new offensive. This crusading spirit in behalf of "con­ Legislative Assembly was being seduced by Obviously, the free market fed folks while sumer protection" is infectious, prompting socialistic rhetoric and legislative cure-alls, numerous citizens groups to raise the "pro­ Frederic Bastiat both admonished his con­ 1 The Law by Frederic Ba.stiat, page 51-52. tection" standard. The New York Times News t emporaries and prophesied for the future: Translated by Dean Russell and published by Service reports that an energetic group "It must be admitted that tbe tendency of the Foundation for Economic Education, known as Action for Children's Television the human race toward liberty is largely Irvington-on-Hudson, New York. (1968) recently petitioned the Federal Trade Com- O:XVIII--1094-Part 14 17348 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972_ mission to eliminate all.toy advertising from Free enterprise is already on trial ... every ffiiSH REPUBLIC OFFICIAL OFFERS children's t.v. programs.2 ACT has also waved day of its life. Its jury in the United States HOPE FOR UNITY the banner against vitamin, drug, and food is the millions of free, competent citizens advertisements directed at the kiddles. who judge its products and services. Many One wonders just who will inherit the fi­ companies can't cut the mustard. They don't nancial burden of children's t.v. program­ pass judgment in the eyes and pocketbooks HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY ming if advertising is banned. The present of the consumer. Their fate is extinction­ OF CONNECTICUT sponsors ... the toy manufacturers? Hardly. at the hands of the free consumer making IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ah, but perhaps someone will propose the his choice for hiinself and 'llOt by the benev­ only real solution-government sponsorship olent hand of the regimental bureaucrat. Monday, May 15, 1972 and subsidy. At the taxpayer's expense, of There is no reason for industry to apologize course! The lobbyists from ACT complain for profit. No reason to grovel before human­ Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, re­ that toy advertising fools the children view­ itarian zealots because it has not created cently, the Minister Consul General of ers; -that is, the young cannot see through the utopia by 1972 nor rid man of his basic hu­ Ireland in New York, Mr. Kevin Rush, sophisticated commercials. Since the children Inan nature. The guilt complex of the entre­ addressed the Greenwich, Conn. Di­ don't usually have the money to buy the toys preneur today is the seed of surrender by de­ vision of the Ancient Order of Hiber­ advertised, the tots are manipulated into co­ fault. To the extent that industry and busi­ nians and he had some hopeful words ercing their weak-kneed parents into pur­ ness allow socialistic slander and falsehood about what, to date, has been the dis­ chasing the product. to go without hard-hitting rebuttal, to that couraging situation in Northern Ireland. STRANGE VISIONS extent it will be easier to clamp bureaucratic stagnation upon the free market. The Greenwich Time covered Mr. A nasty state of affairs. Duped children Final note should be made here that those Rush's address and I would like to share strongarming their folks down to the local breeds of pro-freedom elements known as toy shop. ACT's conception of the typical that account with my colleagues at this capitalists, conservatives, and libertarians time: child-parental relationship appears to be that are often accused by the supposedly "en­ of spineless adults being whipped into sub­ lightened" of gazing with fond eyes back IRISH REPUBLIC OFFICIAL OFFERS HOPE FOR Inission by victimized youngsters. upon the "horse and buggy" days. The con­ UNITY Well-intentioned as the protectionist spirit servative, so we are to assume, is enamored "This is an important time for Ireland, a may be, it both denies human dignity and with the simplicity and blessings once en­ difficult time for Ireland, an historic time plays into the hands of the statist. The indi­ joyed by his rugged, individualistic fore­ for Ireland," according to Kevin Rush, Minis­ vidual is stripped of his human endowments; fathers. Yet, it will be noted from Bastiat's ter Consul General of Ireland in New York. he 1s "protected' into the stagnated existence sage observation that the enemy of freedom Mr. Rush was the featured speaker yes­ of a delicate plant that must be constantly was spreading his nonsense in the 17th and terday at the annual Communion Breakfast nourished, watered, and pruned for its own 18th centuries. Those "famous men" he men­ of the Greenwich Society, Ancient Order good. The individual is warned that he might tioned, who thought "only of subjecting of Hibernians, held at the Penthouse Restau­ save his life in an automobile accident if he mankind to the philanthropic tyranny of rant. The year 1972, he said, will mark the will use a seat belt. Such an admonition fails their own social inventions," were not only beginning of a unified Ireland which will to bring about the required response, so gov­ men with the spirit of the 17th and 18th be a part of a united Europe. ernment legislates the wisdom of -seat belts. century, they are the same men with the At the consumer's expense. Six out of ten The :road will be a hard one, he said. As "progressive" spirit today. Men who wish to an analogy he traced the history of the consumers will reinain unenlightened, so regulate and manipulate. wizards of protection design a unique "Auto­ United States. Two hundred years ago there Safe" interlock safety belt that prevents the SOCIALIST REACTIONARIES was a religious war in this country he said. ignition of an automobile motor until the de­ Thus we see the social reformer today Protestants in Virginia were fighting Catho­ vice is first properly buckled around the hungering for bygone days when life was lics in Maryland. driver. simple. No polluted rivers. Clean, untainted Although he did not mention future Ingenious perhaps, but at what price must air. No burdensome choices at the super­ fighting in Ireland, Mr. Rush pointed out the the individual be protected from the conse­ market . . . just cornbread and squash. No United States had endured its Civil War quences of his inherent right to exercise in­ deceit on the part of shoe manufacturers. before the states finally "got together." dividual freedom and choose for hiinself? Everyone trods barefoot. These are exagger­ There still are problems facing the United Two disheartening responses are reflected ations, of course, but they do point to a States, he said. by the current consumerism craze. Most ob­ visionary mentality. Polluted rivers become So far as the present situation in Ireland vious is the eagerness of the consumer to an unpardonable sin against mankind be­ is concerned, Mr. Rush said Americans get surrender his sovereign role in the market cause roinantic eyes dream of days when a distorted picture of what is going on. place and freely subjugate hiinself to the can­ Indians paddled their canoes and fished for "Don't believe all you see in the papers," cerous inroads of paternalism. The consumer perch in crystal clear rivers. he told the 160 members present. "That is activist looks benevolently down upon the Too many individuals, though, who are not the whole story. It is mostly headlines, American housewife, automobile buyer, and obsessed with "protecting the consumer" fail sensations compressed into a few words." shopper as some sort of village half-wit, the to place life in the twentieth century in victim of "free enterprise exploitation." Re­ perspective. Those nasty factories now hug­ Similarly, he said, the Irish do not get a grettable, Inany Americans are falling for this ging the river banks represent more than true picture of life in America from news­ hokum. We have side-stepped the broader im­ ooze draining into the perch's habitat and papers in their country. plication of Ben Franklin's admonition: smoke belching into the atmosphere; they The differences are on the verge of being "Those who would give up essential liberty to represent a standard of living that allows settled Mr. Rush said in his brief talk. Al­ purchase a little temporary safety deserve a man and his family to live in security, ready forces are at work building a new Ire­ neither liberty nor safety." dignity and a measure of affluence. land "but it will take time," he emphasized. The second discouraging response to "con­ Americans-yes, even conservatives, would "All great achievements take time." sumerism" is private enterprise's muted like to see all lakes and streains in a pure, "The year 1972 marks the beginnings of lethargy when it is confronted by the con­ clean state, but is that deprivation too high Ireland's entry into a united Europe," Mr. sumer activist. Some businessmen are un­ a price for the life we enjoy contrasted to Rush said. doubtedly confused and unprepared to de­ the huinan degradation of past ages or the "Have faith in the people of Ireland and fend themselves against the subtle tech­ drab, oppressive life of socialist states? The their elected leaders," he said. "They have niques of the proponent of regimentation. to go forward with confidence, dedication Other men in industry, though, have actually authoritarian regimes of the world also have their polluted streains, their tainted tuna, and belief. succumbed to a bad case of bootlicking as John White served as toastmaster at the they kneel before the champions of state in­ their product defects-that is, those social­ tervention. Deep groans of repentance are ized countries where enough industry exists breakfast where greetings were extended heard as atonement is sought through vows to make consumer products a problem. by Michael Conlon, president of the Green­ that business and industry will knuckle un­ Again, the threat of consumerism is not wich Hilbernian Assn., and First Selectman der to fulfill their roles of "social conscious­ the legitimate complaints voiced by the William B. Lewis. Awards were presented to ness and responsibility." consumer, nor the necessary governmental three students, Barbara Brennan and Walter MARKET ESSENTIAL FOR ALL prosecution to protect free men working and Jura of St. Mary High School, and Margaret Boler of Catholic Middle School. Business does not have to appear before choosing freely in a free society. The vice the supreme court of socialistic judiciary. lies within its manipulation by the collec- Co-chairmen of the breakfast were George tivist-minded ... business's failure to Pitney and Miss Mary Treanor. Present also 2 The New York Times News Service, pub­ counter-attack ... and the individual con- was Mrs. Edi.th Duff, Connecticut president lished by The Houston Chronicle, Vol. 71 sumer's willingness to surrender individual of the Ladies Auxiliary of the Ancient Order #64, Thursday, December US, 1971. freedom for paternal regimentation. of Hibernians. May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17349 TWO MATTERS OF CONCERN TO U.N. WORLD COURT COMES UNDER national independence, sovereignty and give MORE THAN JUST THE JEWISH FIRE the World Court unlilnited jurisdiction over American affairs and lives-yours and mine. PEOPLE We have just had an example of how the United Nations performs in the recent China­ HON. H. ALLEN SMITH Taiwan vote where the United States was spit HON. JAMES A. BURKE OF CALIFORNIA upon with glee. Let this be a lesson-beware OF MASSACHUSETI'S IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the World Court! IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, May 15, 1972 Monday, May 15, 1972 Mr. SMITH of California. Mr. Speaker, Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. the following is an article from the Los THE BASIC ISSUE OF THE WAR Spealrer, just yesterday I was pleased to Angeles Times of April 15, 1972, setting be able to participate in a very moving forth a letter to the editor from Mr. C. C. tribute to the State of Israel. I am re­ Moseley of Beverly Hills, Calif.: HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT ferring to the New England salute to U.N. WORLD COURT CoMES UNDER FIRE OF CALIFORNIA Israel parade which was such a great (By C. C. Moseley) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES success and attracted so many thousands The Times published a lengthy article Monday, May 15, 1972 in downtown Boston yesterday. ·Gratify­ (March 12) on "An Idle Court in an Unruly ing as it was to pay tribute with so many World.'• This article was a strong demand Mr. LEGGETI'. Mr. Speaker, about 3 of my good friends, especially the chair­ for the United States to accept jurisdiction weeks ago the Christian Science Moni­ man of the parade, the Honorable Sum­ of the United Nations World Court, impres­ tor and the Los Angeles· Times printed ner Kaplan, to the great State of Israel, sively named the International Court of editorials on the bombing of North Viet­ it is well to remember that there is an­ Justice. nam. You would think the Haiphong other area of considerable concern to the The United States became a party to the blockade would make earlier comment United Nations statute creating the World obsolete. But these two editorials seem Jewish people which has nothing to do Nations statute creating the World Court with the Middle East but rather with the when the Senate ratified the U.N. Charter a.S appropriate and pertinent today as the plight of the Jews in Soviet Russia to­ (Treaty), but we were not bound to accept day they were written. day. It is my earnest hope that this will the jurisdiction of the court until we made The basic issue of the war has not formal declaration. In November, 1945, Sen. changed, and it does not appear that it be one of the prime topics of discussion Wayne Morse (D-Ore.) introduced a resolu­ is going to change. It is the issue of the when and if the President visits Russia tion giving the consent of the Senate to our will and the desire of the South Viet­ later this month. The treatment of accepting the compulsory jurisdiction o! the namese people. members of the Jewish faith in Russia World Court. The Senate Foreign Relations If the South Vietnamese people wish today goes beyond ethnic and religious Committee, on July 24, 1946, unanimously approved the resolution. to preserve the government we have boundaries and has captured the gen­ On the Senate floor, Sen. Tom Connally given them, they can do so. Their army uine concern and triggered a real revul­ (D-Tex.) offered a six-word amendment, to outnumbers the opposition forces sev­ sion among members of all faiths in all wit, "as determined by the United States." eral times over. And despite all the talk comers of the globe. Whether it comes This provided that the United States would about the modern weaponry the Rus­ as an example of ecumenical spirit or just not accept the compulsory jurisdiction of the sians have given Hanoi, the cost of this World Court "in matters which are essen­ down-to-earth human decency, the fol­ equipment would barely pay the interest tially within the domestic jurisdiction of the on the cost of the equipment we have lowing article from the recent edition United States as detennined by the United States." This amendment was approved by a given the Saigon army. If they want to of the Boston Globe points out the wide­ preserve Thieu or someone similar, the spread concern of people of many faiths vote of 62-2 on August 2, 1946. Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey (D-Minn.) South Vietnamese have the men and for Soviet Jewry. I feel particularly introduced a bill in 1960 that was designed the equipment to do it. proud of this effort, because for many to repeal the Connally Amendment to the But if they do not want Thieu badly years St. Angela Church in Mattapan U.N. Charter, which protected our country enough to fight for him, there is nothing was my parish and its members are well from compulsory jurisdiction of the World more we can do. Loyalty and motivation known to me. Monsignor McManus has Court. It was defeated. cannot be procured like a howitzer or a The World Court is made up from many long been a pillar of strength in the Mat­ countries not loyal to the United States. truck. Either Thieu has earned it or he tapan-Dorchester community. Without the safe protection of tlie Connally has not. The article follows: amendment, the World Court could decide Our Vietnam effort is dying an un­ CATHOLIC PARISH PETITIONS NIXON FOR any issue is international as far as the United pleasant death; we are best advised to SOVIET JEWS States is concerned. Here are some examples, cut our losses and bring our troops and there are many more: prisoners home. Bombing and blockad­ Parishioners of St. Angela's Church in Mat­ 1-That our immigration laws are interna­ tapan have signed petitions asking President ing serve only to prolong the death and tional, and immigration from all over the to increase the cost. There is no point Nixon to raise the issue of the mistreatment world should be accepted in the United of Soviet Jewry during his visit to Moscow. States-perhaps by the millions. in it. The petitions have been enclosed in a .joint 2-That our export and import laws are I insert the editorial entitled "Pro­ letter to the President by Rt. Rev. Paul J. international, which would leave our labor­ longing Vietnam's Agony," from the Los McManus of St. Angela's Church and Simon ing people with no protection against foreign Angeles Times of April 17, 1972, followed Scheff, chairman of the New England region­ products made at slave-labor pay. by the editorial entitled "The Renewed al board of the Anti-Defamation League of 3-That integration in the United States Bombing" from the Christian Science B'nai B'rith. is an international problem and therefore Monitor of April17. 1972: subject to the United Nations World Court's Msgr. McManus, who reported that many jurisdiction. PROLONGING VIETNAM'S AGONY of his parishioners had signed the petitions, 4--That religion is international and The bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong by expressed the hope that other parishes in under the United Nations World Court's con­ the United States is wrong. It is a commit­ metropolitan Boston would also participate trol. ment to a deeper involvement in the Indo­ in the petition effort. .5-That "free speech Inight imperil "na­ China war long after the necessity for end­ Scheff praised the humanitarian concern tional" security, and according to the U.N. ing the American commitment has become shown by the people of St. Angela's and Statute would be under the United Nations evident. It is an admission of the failure of lauded the "moral leadership role played by World Court. the Vietnamization program without an ac­ ceptance of what that means. Msgr. McManus." The socialistic phony slogan "World Rule by World Law" Is dangerous. Don•t be taken We are not impressed with the rationali­ In their letter, Msgr. McManus and Scheff in by this slick slogan which seeks to remove zation of the decision. If the bombing is a reaffirmed their concern over the denial of the Connally amendment thus causing us to response to "military necessity," then it can religious freedom to Soviet Jews and urged lose our sovereignty and protection from buy little more than time. If it is a "re­ the President to make the pligl:tt of Soviet compulsory jurisdiction of the United Na­ sponse to" the aggression of North Vietnam, Jewry a top-priority item. tions World Court. This would destroy our it becomes an act of retaliation which, at 17350 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 least in this war, has achieved nothing. If The battle can be expected to last at most OBSERVANCE OF ISRAEL INDE­ all this is to be blamed on Moscow, then another three or four weeks. The rains will PENDENCE DAY-MAY 15, 1972 the American nation will be hard pressed put an end to such large scale fighting before to explain its role and its leadership and its the end of May. Hence the outcome of the initiatives across all Indo-Chinese frontiers. battle is not going to be influenced by the HON. JOHN J. ROONEY In two weeks of fighting, the South Viet­ material damage done by the bombing. No namese ground forces have been losing the gun, or bullet or gallon of fuel blown up in OF NEW YORK battles their American advisers expected the bombing could have reached the front­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES them to win. Times correspondents on the line in South Vietnam before the battle will Monday, May 15, 1972 scene have told us that the South Vietna­ be decided. mese, despite their modern arms and larger The only kind of infiuence the bombing Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr. Speak­ numbers, are holding on only because of can have on the fighting itself is in terms er, it hardly seems possible that 24 years American air support. But even that air sup­ of its effect on the morale of the people on have elapsed since that eventful day port apparently has not been enough. In the the two sides. In that respect it may be a. when the sovereign State of Israel came first week of fighting, it comprised close sup­ plus for Hanoi. The history of bombing is into being. It was not just the birth of port tactical operations. In the second week often improved morale among the people of fighting, B-52 superbombers were added bombed. Hitler's bombs toughened the fight­ another new nation. It was, rather, a ful­ in a region running 30 miles into North ing will of the British people. British bombs fillment of a centuries-old dream of Jews Vietnam. As the third week of the new war increased the output of German war fac­ throughout the world. The long-hoped­ begins, the B-52s have been unleashed where tories. At the end of World War II the Allied for, long-prayed-for, and long-worked­ they never operated before, over Haiphong, Strategic Bombing Survey concluded that for dream of a Jewish homeland became North Vietnam's chief port and supply cen­ strategic, as distinct from tactical, bombing a reality. ter. was a highly inefficient and often countet"­ For those of us in the Congress who It is not the first time that the United productive method of waging war. There is States has bombed the north. Three years no reason to doubt that this finding still devoted ourselves to the task of securing of bombing there did not win the war. It holds true. the enactment of requisite legislation to did not even frustrate the Tet offensive of The other side of the coin is the possible establish this new nation this day is just 1968. The bombing was halted four years ago value to morale in Saigon. There, the resort as meaningful as it is to the hundreds of as part of a package to get peace talks under to this bombing may have value as a token thousands of Jews who today call Israel way. Now Mr. Nixon appears convinced that of Amertcan recommitment to the Saigon home. We too share the great pride which the resumption will somewhow not only save cause. President Nixon has risked a. revival the citizens of Israel and world Jewry South Vietnam on the battlefield but also of political protest at home, and further have in the miraculous accomplishments blast away the impasse in the Paris peace erosion of goodwill for the United States talks. · among friends and allle,s in Western Europe which this fledgling nation has brought How strange it must have seemed to Hanoi to prove his devotion to the Thieu regime. to pass in less than a generation's span to receive from the President, after the new This renewal of the bombing is not going of time. fighting had begun, a bid to resume the to break the will of North Vietnam. It may There is a great similarity in the think­ Paris talks which he himself had suspended even improve it. It is probably not going to ing and conduct of the patriots of Israel because he thought them nothing more than change the course of the battle in the South. with the American patriots at the birth a filibuster. It may further erode the good name of the of our own Nation. Our forbears pro­ The bombardment of Haiphong, destruc­ United States in those countries already tion of its oil tanks farms and military sup­ critical of the American posture in Indo­ duced a flag and a vocal proclamation ply depots and we know not what else, may China. that admonished the world, "Don't tread slow or even end this offensive. It may buy All of which is a very high price to pay for on me." The people of Israel remember­ time, in weeks, or months or a year. But bolstering the confidence of the Thieu ing the centuries when Jews have been there is no shred of evidence that it will buy regime. forced to accept humiliation, privation, a bit less dependence by South Vietnam on and suffering determined at long last the United States, not a hint that it will they would not tolerate being pushed advance that dream of American Presidents around. They have proved their determi­ that Saigon some day can be left safely as - SMALL BUSINESS WEEK a permanent bastion against Communism. nation in this respect on the bargaining Mr. Nixon must be clear about this. For tables in the Council of Nations and on any ambiguity leaves the United States open the battlefields in defense of their bor­ to the ugly charge that American bombers HON. JACK EDWARDS ders and their hard-won sovereignty. are buying time because of domestic political OF ALABAMA They have demonstrated unlimited considerations, because it just might not be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES courage and boundless determination to convenient for some Americans to wind attain a recognized and respected place down the war all the way until a President Monday, May 15, 1972 among the great nations of the world. is elected in November. Pentagon promises have rarely been con­ Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr. Americans have given generous eco­ firmed on the battlefield in this war. Victory Speaker, President Nixon has proclaimed nomic assistance to many nations of the has been an illusion, unobtainable for any­ the week of May 14 Small Business Week world-large and small-new and well one, least of all for the Americans. There is to honor the thousands of small busi­ established. But no outpouring of our only one thing for the United States to do: nessmen who contribute in their daily wealth has been more gratefully re­ To get out, with its ground forces as with Its work to the success of America's free ceived or more effectively used than has bombers, B-52s over Haiphong cannot buy enterprise system. our help to Israel. The transformation victory. They can only prolong the agony. There are presently 8 million smaJl of desert wastes into wondrous fields businesses in the country and an esti­ and gardens of rich productivity; the THE RENEWED BOMBING mated 10,000 in Alabama. An unprece­ development of manufacturing and The bombing of "oil installations and sup­ dented 287,000 new companies were in­ trade that today makes Israel an exporter ply dumps" in the Hanoi region of North corporated just last year. Nineteen out as well as an importer; and the creation Vietnam does not add substantially to the of every 20 firms are considered small of a strong and vibrant cultural system horrors and brutalities of the war. It is not all attest to the spirit and integrity of different or worse in kind than things done business and they provide more than 35 by both sides many times during the war. million jobs, and contribute more than the people of Israel to put the State a.nd It is an obvious attempt at reprisal for a. $370 billion to the gross national product. its welfare above their own personal major offensive into South Vietnam by the Opportunity is the byword for small wants and needs. "main" force army from the North, in the No one who has played a direct role course of which thousands of civilians have business in America. Small, free, inde­ in helping Israel from the days of its been driven from their homes and many pendent enterprise is the heritage of our birth can fail to remember the almost innocents killed and injured. past and the lifeblood of our future. It insurmountable problems and the great It is doubtful that anything like as much is the corridor of progress and change number of political and economic crises human misery has been caused by the re­ for Americans of every nationality and this sumption of this bombing in the North as to which infant nation was sub­ by the offensive in the South. color. jected. There were, indeed, numerous But, having said this, it needs to be noted And so it is very appropriate that we times in which Israel's leadership was that the battle in the SOuth is being fought recognize small businesses and the small put to tests of extreme magnitude and with men, equipment and supplies which businessman through the observance of complexity. These are the times when I were moved into the battle zone long ago. Small Business Week. am grateful for· the support and back- May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17351 ing which the American people have cians and college presidents to oppose Industry Week, the association will lead given to the people of Israel and to the the Southeast Asian mistake. He urged its total industry of 2 million men and men and women they installed as their them to "help persuade our Senators women in special activities to focus at­ leaders. and Congressmen to out off the funds tention on the vital role that plumbing, Israel faces today and doubtless will that permit the administration to pursue heating, cooling, and piping play in the face again, serious problems of protect­ an utterly immoral and inhumane course health, comfort, and convenience of our ing her hard-won attainments. To be in Vietnam without public sanction, and citizens in homes and other buildings. militarily strong in her defense she needs to subject the citizens of America to a Plumbing and piping contractors are our planes and armaments; to be eco­ crushing burden of taxation in a com­ the original ecologists. They have en­ nomically viable she needs our continued pletely lost cause." gaged in this field for nearly a century. financial and technical assistance; and It is an important statement--a nec­ They have taken the lead in the develop­ to be politically strong and independent essary statement. And it is one which ment and application of today's newer she needs our continued pledge of friend­ I hope my colleagues and the members and more sophisticated measw·es to in­ ship and affection. of the academic community will pay sure environmental control and preser­ MJ. Speaker, I am sure we all want to attention to. vation. join >ur fine Jewish friends and neigh­ Mr. Eaton's letter follows: The products and services of this bors ln sending our warmest congratu­ COMMENTS ON THE WAR IN VIETNAM industry also play a vital part in our lations to the people of Israel on this To the Editor: Nation's economic strength, industrial their day of independence. We con­ The Ivy League Presidents have rendered productivity, national defense, space ex­ gratulate them on their great achieve­ a great service to higher education in their ploration, transportation, food process­ ments; we commend them for their valor joint statement of April 19 deploring renewed ing, and mineral development--in fact, and dedication to tb.e protection of their American bombing of North Vietnam and its everything that depends for its exis·tence freedom. civilian population. Making this forthright on the movement of air, gas, water, and We thank them for their friendship declaration obviously took tremendous cour­ other liquids through pipes, valves, fit­ age. tings, and fixtures. and for the enrichment of our own lives Conspicuous among those responsible for to which they are making such signifi­ our international policies since World War II The officers, directors, and members of cant contributions. have been Dean Acheson, John Foster Dulles, the National Association of Plumbing­ Dean Rusk, William P. Rogers and Henry Heating-Cooling Contractors represent Kissinger, educated at such fe.mous universi­ every city and state of our great Nation. ties as Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Cornell and They are engaged in their own businesses AN URGENT PLEA BY CYRUS EATON Oxford. The public has urgently needed the in the finest traditions of private enter­ Ivy League reminder that the policies of these prise. Without their products and serv­ men are discordant with the highest intellec­ HON. LOUIS STOKES tual and ethical standards of greet institu­ ices, civilization as we know it today OF OHIO tions of learning. would not be possible. From the outset, French and British mili­ The association's officers are Roland IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tary leaders, fainiliar at first hand with Asian E. Carlson, president, of Rockford, ill.; Monday, May 15, 1972 campaigning, have pointed out that the Robert K. Wark, first vice president, of United States could not possibly win in Viet­ Houston, Tex.; Samuel Bloom, second Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, since the nam and that if America. persisted in pushing earliest hours of our involvement in In­ vice president, of Miami, Fla.; John the war there far enough, it would find the lll.; dochina, while many people were still Soviet Union and the Chinese People's Re­ Giolitto, secretary, of Rockford, trying to square this war with their con­ public forgetting their differences and com­ Joseph Rich, treasurer, of Atlantic sciences, one man continued to remind bining in a. massive undertaking to throw us City, N.J.; and Lawrence Mutter, us that the war was immoral, illegal, and out. It is also well known that President executive director, of Washington, D.C. unconstitutional. His voice is stronger Eisenhower, with his extensive experience, Chairman of National Plumbing In­ and his tone more urgent today. :flatly refused to send American troops into dustry Week is Robert K. Wark, the Southeast Asia., even though he was con­ association's president-elect. I speak, of course, Mr. Speaker, of Mr. stantly being pushed by some members of his Cyrus Eaton, America's greatest cham­ Cabinet to get into the war in a. massive way. Mr. Wark, by the way, is an out­ pion for world peace. If our succession The Ivy Lee.gue statement deserves to be standing citizen of Houston and a good of Presidents had heeded his advice, we read by every administrator, faculty member friend and civic leader. He will begin would not have activated mines off the and trustee of every college in America. If, in serving as president of the National North Vietnamese shoreline today. About their own self-interest, all university and Association of Plumbing-Heating­ 55,000 young Americans and 2 million college presidents would speak up in the Cooling Contractors in July. Asians would still be around to enjoy same vein, it would also help persuade our Its 15-man board of directors in­ Senators and Congressmen to cut otf the cludes Paul LaMott of Haverhill, N.H.; life. Last week, 19 more Americans would funds that permit the Administration to pur­ not have lost their lives. sue an utterly immoral and inhuina.ne course Leon Novak of Brooklyn, N.Y.; William As important, we would not be on the in Vietnam without public sanction, and to Robertshaw of West Orange, N.J.; verge of a showdown with the Soviet subject the citizens of America to a crushing Harry Hutchinson, Jr., of Philadelphia, Union and the People's Republic of burden of taxation in a. completely lost cause. Pa.; Harold Cothran, Sr. of Altavista, China. It is even conceivable that, if CYRUS S. EATON. Va.; W. Wesley Styers of Gastonia, someone had listened to Mr. Eaton, we CLEVELAND, May 2, 1972. N.C.; Howell Switzer of New Orleans, might be living today in a cooperative La.; Donald Priest of Garden City, community of the nations of the world. Mich.; George Connelly of Chicago, It is a well-known fact of political life lll.; Cecil Self of Dallas, Tex.; Joyce NATIONAL PLUMBING INDUSTRY Anderson of Kearney, Nebr.; J. B. Hav­ that President Nixon makes his moves WEEK in terms of tomorrow's history texts. His erly of Britton, S.Dak.; Merle Johns of brittle disregard of human life today, he Billings, Mont.; John Armer of Phoe­ hopes, will be somehow justified in the HON. BOB CASEY nix, Ariz., and Merlin Geddes of Arca­ future. OF TEXAS dia, Calif. Even a super historian will not be able IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In recognition of the outstanding to redeem Richard Nixon. service rendered to our Nation by the Cyrus Eaton, who has always lived Monday, May 15, 1972 National Association of Plumbing­ for the moment, is the man who, when -Mr. CASEY of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Heating-Cooling Contractors and the history is written, will be proven right. the National Association of Plumbing­ total plumbing, heating, cooling, and He does not waste his time predicting Heating-Cooling Contractors is the larg­ piping industry of 2 million men and the future; he interprets the present. est and oldest trade association in the women who are engaged in contract­ Mr. Eaton presented such an inter- construction industry. The association ing, manufacturin-g, marketing, dis­ pretation in a letter to the New York will celebrate April 15 through 22, 1973, tribution, and installation of the in­ Times, printed in that journal on May 10, as National Plumbing Industry Week. dustry's products, I would like to call 1972. His letter was a plea to academi- In celebration of National Plumbing upon my fellow Members to lend their 17352 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 support to a resolution which I have cess costs and other items connected with breeding fish of fighting quality and superior introduced today calling on the Presi­ goin' fish in'. health. Mechanically, this is a marvelous dent to declare the week of April 15 According to the 1970 survey, there were 8 hatchery. But it is something more; it is an­ million more anglers in the U.S. that year other proof that we do not live by bread through April 22, 1973, as National than there were in 1965. Further, it appears alone-not by piscatorial specimens alone, Plumbing Industry Week. that it cost considerably more to float a fly either. or loop a lure than it did in 1965, not only For if it is not more, why did the citizens because there were so many more people prac­ of Pennsylvania vote to finance it . . . vote ticing the gentle art, but also because that not as fishermen but as citizens? If the only DEDICATION EXERCISES FOR THE practitioner had to travel further and stay value is to flycasters, why should taxpayers BIG SPRING FISHERY HATCHERY out longer. It appears likely that expand­ foot the bill? How many of you at this dedica­ ing metropolis is devouring the close-in fish­ tion are interested only in statistics of output ing, by building around the water and by of per-pound cost? HON. GEORGE A. GOODLING polluting it, so we have to travel further, Of course, any hatchery has to do with OF PENNSYLVANIA stay longer, spend more even if inflation put-and-take fishing, even if we don't like weren't adding to the total. to admit it, and even if there's a long-tim3 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES So it isn:t out of line to suggest that sport gap between the putting and the taking. Monday, May 15, 1972 fishing is a highly important factor in our But Ralph Abele, as Executive Director of financial structure, a larger industry-to mis­ the Pennsylvania Fish Commission, has in­ Mr. GOODLIN:G. Mr. Speaker, late last use the word a bit--than many that are writ­ herited a tradition of intelligent fisheries month I had the opportunity of attend­ ten about in the Wall Street Journal ... and management in a heavily populated State. ing the dedicatory exercises for the Big the Journal reporters also write about sport My own Bureau has been of some help here, Spring Fishery Hatchery, which is lo­ fishing. with our Lamar National Fish Hatchery part cated in my 19th Congressional District But more important, in my view, is the of a carefully worked out plan of stocking and in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. need of people, the value of fishing to the in­ harvesting. I wish we could be more help by Spencer H. Smith, Director of the Bu­ dividual soul and body. For in this society of producing more fishes at Lamar, but it's good dramatic changes and uncertain stresses, ten­ to know we have done what we can in a reau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, sion is a heart-and-gut problem to every hu­ cooperative program among colleagues. made the principal remarks at this dedi­ man being living in these United States. Fishing lends itself to metropolitanism, be­ cation. It was particularly fitting that Among other values, fishing provides a les­ cause a lot of people can fish on 10 acres of Mr. Smith should make these remarks, son in humility. The busy man or woman, water in a season, so long as that water is because he has had vast experience in centered on a desk and office and profession, clean. How many can hunt on 10 acres of the field of wildlife resources, both in the who can somehow sandwich an angling after­ land? laboratory and the field. His present gov­ noon in the busy schedule, learns something: So while us old purists dream of wild ernmental position promises to provide The world keeps on turning. Somehow, hu­ streams and coursing trout, we must also manity has gone on eating, sleeping, fighting recognize that wildness is receding and dis­ dynamic leadership in the advancement and loving even though our executive hero tance is expensive. But with hatcheries like of fish and wildlife services. wasn't providing his or her important input. this, with sound management and imagin­ Frank E. Masland, Jr., a member of Apart from either economics or humility, ative operations, a great deal of angling still the Pennsylvania Fish Commission, an there is simple joy in one's own self. Admit­ can be provided in heavily popUlated areas. outstanding citizen of Carlisle, Pa., was tedly, the Gentle Art has something in com­ I recall that your Commission has done some also on hand for these dedication exer­ mon with golf; we only remember the good interesting experimentation with inner-city cises. He addressed those in attendance. shots and forget the frustrations. But fishing fishing, even. Mr. Masland has been an ardent con­ has to do with the Four Ages of Mankind: So Big Spring Hatchery will pay a major child, youth, middle-age or senior citizen can role in bringing angling to many people, servationist over a span of many years, compete without struggle, gain satisfaction where natural reproduction simply would striving tirelessly to assure that the and ecstacy, and above all have the memory not provide enough fishing. I further ap­ bounty of natural resources that is ours that is a solace in the dark hours of those plaud your plan to protect native wild brook today will be available for America's citi­ long nights we all experience. trout in a 3,300-foot stretch of this stream. zens of tomorrow. Mr. Masland knows I remember when my son, at about five Closed stretches of stream, no-kill angling, conservation because he has lived it. years of age, caught his first fish . . . a scrub­ barbless hooks ... these factors that some of Because both Mr. Smith's and Mr. by little thing, perhaps, but the hair stood us used to dismiss as fun and games . . . are Masland's remarks carry meaningful on the back of his neck and when that mite coming to look more important to fishing of scaled wiggle was on our stringer there recreation as our base of wild land steadily messages and touch on some highly signi­ was a grin on his face--and the grin stayed diminishes. ficant conservation aspects, I introduce there all that day. Pennsylvania had 812,000 licensed fisher­ these remarks to the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ This spring, 24 years later, I took my son men last fiscal year, along with many thou­ ORD and commend them to the attention on his first trip for striped bass; when he sands of unlicensed youngsters, though you of my colleagues: caught his first one, it was far from have few large impoundments, little front­ scrubby-but the hair stood on his neck REMARKS OF SPENCER H. SMITH age on Lake Erie--and some water pollution again, and I saw that smile come back from problems that would stagger an intellectual In these days of mass production, from a quarter-century of time. carp. Yet your Commission has served these Chryslers to chickens and from photos to A year ago I fished in Texas with my SO­ anglers well, and kept the name of Pennsyl­ phosphates, it's a real social question about year-old father. That is, he was 80 as he vania in the top rank of fisheries manage­ thE' needs and values of items mass-produced stooped over his rod-but when the fish ment. And you seem to have taken the non­ around the world. Machines turn widgets out struck, those years sloughed off. He was young fishing citizenry along with you, else the in enormous quantities, requiring an equally again. And at such times I am young again. Land and Water Conservation Fund would enormous selling effort to get us to buy them. Let me reluctantly leave the emotional not have put its money into such a hatchery. But I think we can all agree that there's no aspects of sunlight, water, rod and fish to So the Fish and Wildlife Service offers turn-on campaign needed to sell fish and say that despite the masculine example I official congratulations to all the citizens of fishing, even though we are moving into mass have just used, angling is not a manly sport Pennsylvania. production of these, too. In economic terms, but a human pleasure. More than one woman And I offer personal congra.tulations to we have a seller's market ... a growing in ten in this country went fishing during Ralph Abele, his staff and everyone at this surge of buyers. I tend to think of our pis­ 1970, which explains why angler is more de­ dedication of Big Spring Hatchery ... not catorial products in esthetic terrns rather scriptive than :fisherman. just for developing a new hatchery or new than commercial, but let's not play down eco­ But we are here today to dedicate a hatch­ methods of stocking nor even on lJOllution nomic considerations. ery, not to let me run a seminar in fishing For sport fishing is a multibillion dollar solutions, but mostly for your stress on that philosophy. And this is quite a hatchery: great balm for social stress called the Gen­ business in this country, with more than 33 the newest and technologically most sophisti­ tle Art of Angling. million U.S. citizens identified as fishermen cated plant for trout propagation I have in the 1970 census samping of our population. ever reviewed in an adult lifehood. of aquatic Those anglers spent nearly $5 billion that REMARKS OF FRANK E. MASLAND, JR. biology. year pursuing our finny friends. And even if Thank you, Mr. Smith, for a message which we take away the money spent on saltwater But Big Spring Hatchery is more than sci­ fits this occasion so well. We are pleased to angling, we find the freshwater fishermen entific method for high-density fish propa­ know that the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and spent three billion, 750 million dollars. As an gation. It will produce nearly a quarter-mil­ Wildlife shares our concern in providing the ironic side angle: of this huge expenditure, lion pounds of rainbows and brook trout each rewards of fishing to an increasing number only about $100 million went for licenses year, to permit the stocking of 750,000 catch­ of Americans who more and more feel the across the Nation. The rest, about 97 percent able size fishes annually; it is certainly sani­ need for relaxation-for getting away from of all money spent for angling, went for bait, tary, designed to prevent pollution, and it the jungles of concrete and steel, from the rods, reels, travel, lodging, guides, boats, ac- will utilize all the newer techniques for noise pollution of telephone bells, traffic May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17353 roar, rock and roll music, the hum of ma­ WINDOWS ON DAY CARE Also that day care shbuld not be regarded chines and the clicking of computers to seek as a "welfare" service. a few hours or days of peace and quietness "It is needed by families at all income lev­ along our trout streams-to admire in gen­ HON. DONALD M. FRASER els. All publicly assisted day-care programs tle solitude the majesty of a sunrise and OF MINNESOTA should be integrated racially, ethnically and sunset across a lake. with respect to socio-economic groupings," We have long noted that your Bureau of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the council suggested. "State and local the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has much Monday, May 15, 1972 matching funding requirements should be re­ in common with those of us connected with duced to 10 percent and waived as necessary." the Pennsylvania Fish Commission. Through Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, a good deal Many members of NCJW are involved in the years we have felt and experienced a of cricitism, legitimized by the message helping start centers in their own commu­ kinship that is unique in Federal-State rel­ accompanying the President's veto of the nities. ationships. Since 1962, these common inter­ bill providing child development pro­ One cited in the book is the North Star ests have been formally joined in an agree­ grams, has been directed against the Day Care Center at 1110 22nd Ave. N. in the ment known here in Pennsylvania as the Bethlehem Lutheran Church. The Minneap­ whole concept of community care for olis section of the NCJW has provided funds Cooperative State-Federal Trout Stocking children. Program. Your employees at the Lamar Na­ and other support to the center, which, the tional Fish Hatchery in Clinton County have Mary Hart, in the Minneapolis Trib­ book points out, is unique, because Jews and worked shoulder to shoulder with our fish une describes a recent survey by the Na­ Indians worked together to develop a serv­ culturists, biologists and waterways patrol­ tional Council of Jewish Women. A book, ice to Indians, blacks and white children with men to provide a sport fishery in Pennsyl­ "Windows on Day Care," by Mary Dub­ a multi-racial staff and board. vania based on equal partnership, friendship lin Keyserling reports the results of this Many other organizations are involved in and cooperation. Your biologists have made the center. This year the center has expanded survey of 77 cities. One of the centers its services to extend day care for 16 kinder­ a great contribution to our knowledge of cited in the book is the North Star Day the scientific facts so necessary to protect garten children at Hall School. The school and manage an important natural resource. Care Center in my district. The Hart contributes the facilities, but the staff is Likewise, our division of fisheries has shared story follows: from the North Star Center. an equal role in the research we must have SURVEY MAKES SUGGESTIONS FOR DAY-CARE if we are to intelligently plan for the fu­ CENTERS ture. (By Mary Hart) To you, perso~lly, we express deep ap­ Custodial care-that's what a majority of CONGRESSMAN WYDLER URGES preciation for taking time from our busy children under 6, whose mothers work, are NATIONAL UNITY FOR LASTING sohedule to be here today. I understand tha.t getting. PEACE within a few days, appropriate ceremonies This care can be in the child's own home, Will take place in WashingtNEBRASKA with you most explicitly the design and di­ wide readership of the RECORD a bit of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rection of The CCA. happy news concerning one of my con­ To receive a complimentary copy of Ques­ stituents, Miss Christine Varney of Wal­ Monday, May 15, 1972 tions, just check the square on the enclosed return envelope asking for more information. pole, Mass. I insert the following article Mr. THONE. Mr. Speaker, National from "the Boston Globe in the hope that Transportation Week, May 14 to 20; pays it will help to remind all of us of the very tribute to the systems that move more best that America has to offer, and of than 2 trillion ton-miles of goods in the FOR ABOLITION OF DINNER the bright promise of tomorrow. The ar­ United States annually. INTRODUCTIONS ticle, by Dorothy Crandall of the Globe We salute our rail system which car­ staff, follows: ries 735 billion ton-miles of freight, the L. HOMEMAKER OF TOMORROW LoOKS OUTSIDE pipelines that move 431 billion ton-miles HON. WILLIAM HUNGATE KITCHEN of essentials; the highway system and OF MISSOURI In competition with 650,000 high school the carriers on it which haul 412 billion IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES seniors, Christine Varney of Walpole has been ton-miles of freight; the inland water­ named 1972 Betty Crocker All-American Monday, May 15, 1972 Homemaker of Tomorrow. "My mother is a ways and Great Lakes craft which trans­ port 305 billion ton-miles of goods, and Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, the fol­ very good cook," said the blue-eyed 17-year­ the fast growing air transport which lowing is a suggestion I think many in old. "I do other things." Here is a scholarship award offered to top moves 3.4 billion ton-miles of products. public life will find worthwhile: students who regard homemaking as the In observing this week, our first goal FOR ABOLITION OF DINNER INTRODUCTIONS most challenging of roles. Asked to define it should be to work for transportation by There should be a law enacted to 81bolish formally, Chris Varley said, "Caught be­ free, competitive enterprise and against at all dinner meetings the time-wasting in­ tween the need for a stable family unit and troductions of various ca.tegories of purported her own desire to achieve recognition, the nationalization. We must have the type dignitaries who are not on the program. modern homemaker must make peace with of legislation and regulation that will en­ These introductions waste precious time. herself and use her knowledge to bridge the courage investor-owned enterprise and Having suffered through this barbaric rit­ gap between hom.e and world." movement of goods at the lowest possi­ ual for about 60 years, I am calling for an Christine is valedictorian of her class at ble prices. immediate bloodless revolution to forever Walpole High School, a National Merit Schol­ A second goal of National Transpor­ banish this senseless custom. Many people arship Finalist, an editor of the school news­ tation Week should be efforts to encour­ with whom I have discussed this subject, paper and her class yearbook. She plays the including so-called dignitaries, agree with flute in the school band and the organ at age intelligent young people to prepare me that public figures gain nothing from church. A concerned teen, she joined class­ themselves for careers in transportation. these introductions. mates in a short course taught by experts Through the National Council of Physi­ Abowt ten years ago, t-he Cook County Bar who prepared them to handle the town's hot cal Distribution Management, many Association took the lead in this direction. line. At the FACE switchboard she listens ... companies are offering summer intern It sponsored a dinner in honor of Judge then suggests sources of help. jobs for college students majoring in James B. Parsons, just before he was in­ Chris Varney's serious personal int erest is transportation. Efforts of this kind science. She has completed the courses of­ ducted as a Judge of the Federal Oourt for should be encouraged. the Northern District of nunois. There were fered at high school and now works on spe­ 8lt least 1,000 people in attendance, and 81bout cial projects. Biochemistry and an M.D. de­ Two trillion ton-miles of goods are a 50 people seated at the head table. The gree hold peak interest for her. "I've been lot to move each year, and before long Chairlna.n of the dinner, 1ihe late beloved All accepted at Brown University," she en­ our needs will double. We had better give American, "Duke" Slater, announced that the thused," for their intensive medical science thought to how we will provide for that progra.m Msted the na.me of each person program. That's three years ... then four growth. May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17357 Earlier this week, 12 members of the Sen• COMMENTS ON THE TRANS­ rected once the scars of "progress" have been implanted. ate asked Morton to endorse a Canadian ALASKA PIPELINE Very respectfully, routing. THOMAS J. ANDERSON, State Representative. THE DARKNESS AT THE END OF THE PIPELINE HON. JOHN D. DINGELL (By C. Robert Zelnick) OF JIIICHJGAN [From the Washington Star, May 5, 1972] Among those who care about such things, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EXPERT FAVORS CANADA ROUTE FOR On. the conviction runs deep that the battle over Monday, May 15, 1972 (By Roberta Hornig) the trans-Alaska pipeline has become the In­ terior Department's Vietnam.. Ill-conceived Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pursuant A former government energy expert says from its inception, fraudulently purveyed, to permission granted I insert into the that transporting North Slope oil through divisive in its J>Olitical repercussions and dis­ Canada rather than across Alaska "is not CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a series Of com­ astrous in its consequences, the project has only environmentally superior and economi­ little tx> recommend itself other than the mentaries on the Trans-Alaska pipeline cally more attractive but ... would materi­ which I believe merit careful attention at enormous quantity of resources already ally strengthen our national security." J>Oured into its accomplishment. this time. The first is a letter from the S. David Freeman, who headed the energy Yet Interior continues to see light at the Honorable Thomas J. Anderson, chair­ policy staff of the President's Office of Science end of the pipeline. That it will issue the and Technology until he resigned last Sep­ man of the Committee on Conservation r~ght-of-wa.y needed by the Alyeska Pipe­ and Recreation, Legislature of the State . tember, came out squarely for the Canadian line Company--a consortium of seven oil of Michigan, to the President urging ex­ pipeline route in a letter to Interior Secre­ industry giants--to cross federal lands in tary Rogers C. B. Morton this week, and Alaska seems a foregone conclusion. On quisite care in moving forward on this urged the cabinet officer to do the same. perilous project. The second is an excel­ March 20, the day his department released its While at the White House, Freeman had massive "final" impact statement-which lent article appearing in the Washington, worked on Nixon's energy message to Con­ conceded every significant ecological objec­ D.C. Star of Friday, May 5, 1972, under gress last July. He had been originally ap­ tion ever voiced against the 789-mile Prudhoe the headline "Expert Favors Canada pointed by President Johnson. bay-to-Valdez route, Interior Secretary Route for Oil," by the very able Roberta Morton is currently contemplating whether Rogers C. B. Morton promised a decision to grant a permit opening the way for a. con­ Hornig, staff writer for the Star. The "wit~in about 45 days." Eight days later, after next item is an excellent full page article troversial trans-Alaska pipeline to carry oil meetmg with Morton, Peter Flanigan and from the state's rich oil fields ill the Arctic other administration officials to eJpress his appearing in the Washington Post by Mr. north to the ice-free port of Valdez in the C. Robert Zelnick entitled "The Darkness country's desire "for the construction of a southern part of the state. Mackenzie Valley pipeline," Donald s. Mac­ at the End of the Pipeline." The oil then would be shipped to the con­ donald, Canada's Minister of Energy, Mines, The last is a superb article entitled tinental United States in tankers. and Resources, told reporters at a Washing­ "The Alaska Pipeline Reading Lesson" In his letter, Freeman pointed to recent ton news conference: ". . . I had the impres­ published by the Wilderness Society oil finds by Canada in its Arctic north--dis­ sion that, with so much effort and study in­ Washington, D.C. ' coveries that are believed to equal the vested in the trans-Alaska pipeline, that it Certainly Americans concerned with Alaskan reserves. rather l?Oks as though they would be giving "It is . . . of prime importance to our na­ that pnority in their consideration." the quality of their environment wise tional security that we encourage the explor­ use of natural resources, protection of Actually, as Morton conceded in an appear­ ation and development of the rich petroleum ance on the "Today" show the morning after fish and wildlife and most efficient ex­ resources in Canada, as well as those in the Interior released its report, his depa.rtmP.nt United States, and thus lessen our reliance penditure of money to provide fuel and ~uld not have decided anything with finality energy for the Nation will be interested on less secure imports from the Middle East," W1thin 45 days. Since April, 1971, Interior has in these excellent articles. Freeman said. been blocked by an injunction issued by the They also should be given full consid­ He added that building a. pipeline "land federal district court in Washington from bridge" from Alaska. down the MacKenzie issuing the permit. Two weeks advance notice eration by the administration. River Valley "would be the strongest possi­ The articles follow: ble measure to further exploration and de­ is required, during which time Judge George L. Hart Jr. will have to satisfy himself that HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, velopment of secure North American petrol­ Interior has complied with the National En­ April 26, 1972. eum." vironmental Policy Act of 1969. The act re­ The Honorable RICHARD M. NIXON, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS quires a complete statement of the conse­ President of the U:nited States Freeman's letter is in the nature of com­ quences of any agency action "significantly The White House, ' ments on the Interior Department's environ­ affecting the quality of· the human environ­ Washington, D.C. mental impact statement and its accompany­ ment," plus a thorough examination of al­ MY DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: As a legislator ing econotnic analysis of the proposed trans­ ternative courses. directly involved in the day-to-day business Alaska pipeline. Hart, a model of judicial self-restraint, is of making end.vronmental decisions, as you The impact statement agreed with envir­ expected to rule for Interior. The Wilderness in your office are called upon to do, I am onmentalists' arguments that the proposed ~iety, Friends of the Earth, and the En­ greatly concerned that inadequate oppor­ Alaska route would pass through intense VIrOnmental Defense Fund-the three en­ tunity has been afforded the American pub­ earthquake belts and that oil spills would be vironmental group plaintiffs--would then lic for expression on the proposed Prudhoe inevitable during tanker transport to the U.S. probably appeal to the more assertive U.S. Bay to Valdez oil pipeline in Alaska. I fear West Coast. Court of Appeals, with the loser, in all like­ the Impending decision may be to proceed The accompanying economic analysis, how­ lihood, taking the case to the Supreme Court. ~ before the public's questions and concerns ever, brought up the question of "national The ultimate result is almost certain to be a have all been heard or fully acknowledged. security" and seemed to favor the Alaskan landmark decision in environmental--or, for I have learned with dismay that the en­ pipeline over any alternative route. that matter, administrative--law. vironmental impact statement put forth for FALSE NOTION the proposed project is voluminous, not in­ THE CHOICES dexed, and available only in extremely limited Downgrading the argument that the The nub of the social issue involved is not quantities, thus having the effect of preculd­ Alas'ka. route is necessary for "national se­ whether Alaskan ojl should be brought to ing public study and analysis. curity" purposes, Freeman said that that market. Rather, the choice is between an I would most respectfully urge that the route would fail to provide the incentive and 1,800-mile overland route, 1,500 miles of weight of your office be exerted in specifying means for developing the Canadian oil and which would traverse Canada's Mackenzie a delay of ninety days for public review of bringing it to U.S. markets. Valley, and a shorter land route from Prudhoe the 3,500 pages of the impact statement, fol­ "It would only tap the Alaskan oil and Bay to Valdez, with the oil then moving via lowed by appropriate hearings or sessions at direct it toward the West Coast market, tankers to ports on the U.S. West Coast. The which the alternatives to advancing the proj­ which is not large enough to consume all nub of the legal issue is whether Interior bas ect can be aired and weighed publicly. of it." he said. considered the Canadian alternative to the I can not emphasize too strongly tbat the Further, he added, "the most vulnerable degree necessary to satisfy the environment "wastes" of northern Alaska are of concern areas to short energy supplies are the East law, and whether, regardless of Interior's dili­ to millions of Americans who know of them and the Midwest, which would better be gence, the evidence favoring the Canadian only through the printed word or the photo­ served through a. Canada routing." route is not so overwhelming as to make any graph. These "waste" areas are irreplaceable "The notion that we can't afford to wait right-of-way grant through Alaska a clear and a decision to proceed with the pipeline for the completion of the Canadian energy abuse of administrative discretion. must come only after it is clear that the con­ corridor is . . . a false notion that is detri­ Environmentalists are convinced that the ~ition of the natural resources will not be mental to obtaining a secure source of energy Mackenzie Valley route is superior, in part diminished by such a decision. for the United States in the 1960's," Free- because it involves a single pipeline corridor A wrong decision, Sir, can not be cor- man argued. rather than two, and that should Morton 17358 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 decide otherwise, they can beat him in court. eluding what is to be drawn from the North Canada to the Midwest seems to be much They maintain that abundant support for Slope. Part of our expected deficit can be more feasible." their position can be found in Interior's own made up by importing an estimated 4 million Of the various Canadian possibilities, In­ impact statemenrt; of March 20. The stakes barrels a day from nations in the Western terior leans toward the Mackenzie Valley, are high. The pipeline project would be the Hemisphere. The rest will have to come from noting, "The Mackenzie River is a valuable largest undertaking in the history of pri­ Indonesia and the Middle East. artery for use in the construction of a. trans­ vate enterprise. The oil industry claims to Ab•,ska's 2 million barrels daily could reduce Canada gas pipeline. Good all-weather roads have invested almost $100 million to date in this dependency somewhat .for about five and some railway mileage also exist, and studying the Alaskan terrain and in procur­ years. After that, our demand is expected to existing winter trails would be valuable at ing pipe and construction materials. That fig­ so outstrip domestic production that North the right time of year." So much does Inte­ ure, even if exaggerated, is a mere pittance Slope oil will be of little strategic value. In rior favor the Canadian route when it comes compared to the profits they exped to reap the case of a minor outbreak in the Middle to natural gas-where neither oil industry from the venture. East, say between 1980 and 1985, the benefit prestige nor money is on the line-that in The known oil field in the Prudhoe Bay is obvious. But if the problem were big and March Secretary Morton set aside a 300-mile area-three giant pools running inland from with Russia, an exposed pipeline can offer corridor on federal lands in northern Alaska a 40-mile stretch along the Beaufort Sea and small comfort to our military strategists. along the route the natural gas would travel covering an area the size of Massachusetts­ Prudhoe Bay is only 600 miles from Siberia. from Prudhoe Bay to Fort McPherson atop exceeds 10 billion barrels. This, however, is While conservationists-at least those in­ the Mackenzie Valley. only a fraction of what the industry eventu­ volved in the pipeline battle-accept the If Interior is a bit circumspect about con• ally hopes to find. Forty billion barrels is reality that 10 billion to 40 billion barrels of fessing that, in effect, it plans to grant two a more realistic estimate. In September, 1969, oil are going to find their way to market, rights-of-way instead of one, it is far less an assortment of producers paid Alaska more they believe that even if oil was the only bashful in assessing the environmental im· than $900 million for the privilege of looking resource involved and even if big tankers pact of 41 oil-laden tankers as they steam be· for more North Slope oil. A barrel of oil sells weren't needed for the remainder of the Alas­ tween Valdez and West Coast ports. Here, in for $3.25 on the West Coast, more in the kan route, the Canadian route, while longer, fact, the report takes on a quality of terrify­ Midwest and East. is preferable. For one thing, the Alaskan area ing candor, much like Yukio Mishima stand· involved is renowned for its extreme seismic NO "GOOD" WAY ing on the balcony, coldly describing the act activity. In the past 70 years, some 23 major Despite years of study and volumes o! earthquakes have clobbered the terrain over of harikari he is about to perform. "stipulations" designed to protect the envi­ and under which the Alaskan pipeline would The sea journey poses exceptional hazards, ronment, there remains no "good" way o! go; any one of the quakes could have caused particularly for the crews of oil tankers. Port running 2 million barrels of oil a day through a catastrophtc break in the pipe. Valdez itself, Valdez is a 3-mile-wide, steep-walled glaci­ 48 inches of pipe at a temperature of 145 de­ where a 900-acre, 510,000-barrel-capacity ated fjord that extends east-west about 14 grees Fahrenheit over and under a vast "tank farm" is planned, is a "new" city, about miles. It narrows to less than a mile before stretch of Arctic wilderness. You have to be­ four miles northwest of its predecessor. The dumping out into the Valdez Arm section o! gin by building gravel service roads and air "old" Valdez was substantially washed into the 2,500-square-mile Prince William Sound. strips large enough to accommodate the big the sea as tidal waves of up to 170 feet rolled The coastline is rocky and treacherous, not Hercules aircraft. You must find more gravel ashore following the great Alaskan earth­ entirely free of icebergs and blasted by fre­ for 12 camp sites and 6 pumping stations, quake of 1964. quent gale-force winds. A special pilot must each 50 acres; this means gouging about 50 The route through Canada poses no com­ guide each vessel through the narrow neck million cubic feet of gravel out of riverbeds parable seismic problems. It has fewer miles of the port. and off the tops of hillsides along the way. of unstable soil and more existing roads, even The area, moreover, is one of extreme seis­ Stream siltation and land erosion are the in­ railroads. From Edmonton, the proposed mic activity. Prince William Sound was the evitable resul1;s. Some 350 streams would be Canadian terminus, existing pipelines now epicenter of the 1964 Alaskan earthquake crossed by the route. Many are spawning extend both to the Midwest (Chicago) and during which, as Interior notes, 74 lives were . grounds for salmon and grayling. Oil spills the West Coast (Seattle). Certainly less en­ lost mainly as a result of submarine land­ can be a problem there. They can be even vironmental damage is involvel in expanding slides, sudden large-scale tectonic displace­ more o! a problem if the oil gets carried existing facilities or building parallel facili­ ments, destructive waves, and, to a lesser ex- out of the Beaufort Sea and trapped under t~es than in constructing new ones. tent, vibration of structures." · the ice. Then the oil becomes a permanent From Prince William Sound the tankers part of the marine ecology. THE GAS LINE would run into the Gulf of Alaska and down If you decide to bury the pipe all the way, The relative merits of one land route ver­ the foggy northern Pacific coast. "During the its heat melts the permafrost, causing slides sus another, however, are matters about cool months," Interior says, the Gulf has the and differential settlement, eroding the sup­ which a court is unlikely to substitute its highest frequency of extratropical cyclones port for the structure and eventually causing judgment for that of an administrative agen­ in the Northern Hemisphere." From October­ a break. When you are forced to build part cy with admitted expertise in the field. But through February, it is rocked by waves of of it on stilts, you erect a barrier that blocks w.hat about two land routes versus one land 12 feet or better about 20 per cent of the caribou and other migrating animals and route? Environmentalists claim that this is time. Moreover, the 1964 Alaskan earthquake subjects the line to greater risks of surface the fatal legal weakness in Interior's position. was but one of a large number of earth­ damage. When you dig a ditch to catch ex­ Buried, almost lost in the department's six­ quakes of moderate and high intensity that pected oil spills, the ditch becomes a moat, volume statement, an~ totally lacking from have occurred in or near the Gulf of Alaska, entrapping other animals. its consideration of alternatives to the Alaska and there is no geologic basis to assume that Your service road extends civilization route, is the a.cknowledgement that "at some other equally devastating earthquakes will where it has never reached before. The con­ time during the operation of the proposed not occur in the near future." struction activity, the planes landing and trans-Alaska pipeline, it would become neces­ REHABILITATING BIRDS .taking off and the helicopters hovering over­ sary to transport to market the natural gas head frighten bear and caribou, rare birds that would be produced with the Prudhoe Plans call for about 10 per cent of the and sheep. When these move to other areas, oil." tankers to pass through the narrow Strait they die or cause other animals to die. The Indeed it would. In fact, it is estimated of Juan de Fuca-where again navigational ecological balance in the Arctic is fragile. In that 26 trillion cubic feet of gas are under hazards will require the assistance of a the winter, the caribou uses almost all its the Prudhoe Bay fields waiting to be devel­ pilot--and into the 40 miles of beautiful energy just staying alive. A single timber­ oped with the oil. Moreover, Interior says, waterway known as Puget Sound, a recrea­ wolf can exhaust and k111 the stoutest buck "route selection and construction procedures tional haven for 2 million Americans and in the herd. So can a bulldozer. would be similar to those for an oil pipeline Canadians. The remaining vessels would head What we get in return for the partial de­ but with some simplifications resulting from for San Francisco, Los Angeles and points struction of our nation's largest wilderness reduced pipe weight and lower operating further south. area is more oil, a lot of natural gas, the cor­ temperatures." Again, seismic dangers will be extreme. In­ responding need to spend fewer U.S. dollars Yet logistics militate against the likelihood terior recalls that "on April 13, 1949, an buying foreign sources 0f energy, and, argu­ of a trans-Alaska gas pipeline. The gas would earthquake with an intensity of 7.1 on the ably, a mild, temporary improvement in our have to be liquefied at Valdex prior to ship­ Richter scale and an epicenter between Olym­ national defense posture. This latter case has ment. Interior estimates that operational pia and Tacoma resulted in approximately been stated so often and with such apparent costs of a liquefaction plant would run to $25 million damage to the Puget Sound area. conviction by both the Interior Department half a. billion dollars a. year. Additionally, More recently, on April 29, 1965, an earth­ and the oil industry that one wonders how there are only about a dozen liquefied natu­ quake of slightly less intensity (6.5) with an we would have survived had not the Prudhoe ral gas tankers operating in the world, while epicenter between Seattle and Tacoma caused Bay field been discovered in 1968. Stlatistical some 20 to 40 would have to be built to an estimated $12.5 million damage to the projections provide a clue. Seattle area. These are the two largest of the handle the Valdez traffic alone. Thus, Inter­ numerous earthquakes and have occurred in THE EARTHQUAKE PROBLEM ior concludes, "A gas pipeline across Alaska this region during the last hundred years; the By 1980, the United States is expected to appears to be a remote possibility because of level of seismic activity has increased sub­ be using about 22 million barrels of oU dally the problems involved in shipment from the stantially during the last few decades." and producing some 10.4 million barrels, ex- southern terminus; a gas pipeline through Interior estimates that if the performance May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17359 of the oil tankers on 'the Valdez run was no the United States not only for a two-year pe­ the friendlier confines of the U.S. District better than the worldwide average, we can riod, but a longer period, and that this would Court in Anchorage, Alaska. This past April, anticipate spills averaging 384 barrels a day, be facilitated by their lifting their quota when MP Anderson and several Canadian or about 140,000 barrels a year. Better vessels system." residents of the Puget Sound area sought may reduce these numbers somewhat, but Would Alyeska, assuming a right-of-way is to intervene in the case, Justice opposed the the damage per spill would likely exceed the granted for the trans-Alaska pipeline, then motion. world-wide average since "large spills in the be stuck with a $2 billion to $4 billion Edsel, Now we have Interior's third attempt at area would be more difficult to contain, clean given the bearish West Coast market for compliance with the environmental act. up and restore because of the distances from Alaskan crude? A few energy economists be­ Legally, the department hopes that by con­ sources of ships and cleanup gear and the lieve so and have privately expressed surprise fessing the devastating results of its pro­ generally limited manpower in the region." that the oil industry has been able to main­ posed action, it can achieve what it failed to Interior details the impact all this filth tain so united a front on the issue while both get by denying those results in its two earlier would like have on the huge salmon runs the East and Midwest hunger for additional efforts. Politically, 1t appears anxious to pre­ of the Northern Pacific, and how it would crude oil. More probably, Arco and British sent the public with a fait accompli. In the probably impede, and perhaps wipe out, fish­ Petroleum, the two companies with the big­ weeks since March 20, only seven copies of ing in the Port Valdez-Prince William Sound gest positions in the pipeline, would be able the impact statement have been made avail­ area, where the coastal waters are today as to trade their excess crude to Japan in ex­ able to the public without cost in six cities pristine as any on earth. On a cheerier note, change for Japanese rights to Middle East oil, across the entire "lower 48" states. For oth­ while chronicling the devastating effect on rights purchased long in advance. The Middle ers, the volumes cost $42.50 a set. Faced with oil spill might have on the many rare migra­ East crude oil could then be sold at a good a demand for public hearings, Under Secre­ tory bird species that inhabit Alaska­ profit on the East Coast, bailing the two com­ tary Willia-m Pecora claimed that "a public Canadian coastal areas during certain panies out of their predicament but making hearing would be a circus" and would "inter­ months, Interior records for posterity Aly­ an utter shambles of any national defense fere with a more thoughtful and rationale eska's pledge to "rehabilitate" those birds arguments for trans-Alaska route. analysis of this complex document." belonging to endangered species. The term WINNING IN THE COURTS? "Clearly the department has not tried to seems peculiarly appropriate. In this for­ There is a reasonable chance that the en­ encourage hearings or informed debate," giving society we "rehabilitate" drunkards, vironmentalists will ultimately prevail in the complained the Christian Science Monitor on junkies, whores and others who have gone courts. Perhaps they will persuade the courts May 2, in what might pass as the editorial astray. Clearly the murres, murrelets, loons, that Interior's failure to consider adjacent oil understatement of the year. The Monitor grebes, albatrosses, gulls, terns, ducks, geese and.gas pipelines rendered its statement pro­ went on to wonder "how much 'thoughtful and shore birds who fall victim to the on cedurally inadequate. Perhaps they will win and rational analysis' the Interior Depart­ industry's determination to bring its goods an even more significant point by forcing In­ ment has itself given to the study." Before to market along the route it deems best terior to aJbide by the results of its own re­ too long the federal courts may themselves are out of step with the natural order of search, thus introducing important substan­ be wondering the same thing. things and gravely in need of "rehabilita­ tive requirements, as well as procedural ones, THE ALASKA PIPELINE READING LESSON tion." Unfortunately, only about one in seven of the poor creatures doused in the into the environment law. Done any reading lately? Well, hold your San Francisco Harbor spill a year ago lived Interior, meanwhile, hopes that its "final" spectacles. Because the Interior Department long enough to profit from the experience. impact statement on the trans-Alaska pipe­ has just given you the reading assignment of line will at last get the environmental mon­ your life. SHOCKING OMISSIONS key off its back. From the outset it seems to You have until May 4 to: If the six volumes of Interior's report deal­ have regarded the environment statute as an L'a.y your hands on a copy of the nine­ ing with the environmental impact of the unwelcome encumbrance to a predetermined volume environmental impact statement on combination overland-tanker route contain course. the proposed trans-Al'clSka pipeline. (Only some shocking revelations, the three-volume Two years ago the department attempted 600 were printed.) economic analysis shocks by what it fails to grant the oil consortium a right-of-way to Read its 3,550 pages. to disclose. Simply stated, a careful read­ build a service road adjacent to the pipeline, Render a "thoughtful, substantial com­ ing of Interior's economic analysis provides arguing, incredibly, that the road and the ment." (See Slbove.) no clue as to why Alaskan crude should go pipeline were unrelated. Its impact statement This is what the Interior Department con­ to the West Coast in the first place, cer­ on 361 miles of gravel carved into the Iniddle siders public involvement in the decision­ tainly none justifying an iota of increased of Alaska's wilderness totaled four pages, and making process. environmental risk. became the subject of the court injunction We hope you will be able to read the The West Coast is second only to the still in effect. stSitement and render comments, but you Southwest in the production of petroleum. Interior's second attempt at compliance should know the following: It will not need any Alaskan crude for the with the environmental law was a bit more 1. There are exactly seven copies avail­ next few years, wm not be able to absorb sophisticated, but not much. Its multi-vol­ able for public inspection in the "lower 48" 2 million barrels a day from the North Slope ume "draft" impact statement, produced in states. They can be seen during office hours until well into the 1980s, and, if as expected, January, 1971, during the interregnum be­ in certain government agencies in Washing­ Alaskan production increases to 5 million tween the Hickel and Morton secretaryships, ton, D.C., Los Angeles, Sen Francisco, Port­ barrels a day, the West Coast will not be was basically a collection of data and argu­ land and Seattle. able to absorb the surplus during the life ments compiled by Alyeska itself. In that 2. Sets can be purchased through the of the pipeline. report, the department found it unnecessary mail, but they cost $42.50, and delivery time Thus, even ignoring the greater hazard of either to consider the impact of tanker traf­ is unknown. the tanker route from Valdez it is nonsense fic from Port Valdez to the West Coast or 3. The statement is not well organized or to say, as Secretary Morto~ did on his to assess the feasibility of a trans-Canada indexed, and finding what you're looking March 21 "Today" show appearance, that "if pipeline route. Even today, Secretary Morton for may require days of tedious search­ the pipeline went through Canada, and if it can be heard arguing from time to time that ing, ended up in the middle of the country, you consideration of the Canadian alternative is 4. Secretary of the Interior Rogers C. B. would then have to bring oil into the West superfluous because "no application for a Morton has sa.id he may issue a pipeline Coast by tanker. So the same amount of oil Canadian route is pending." ~;-;ce the 1965 permit on or after May 4. would be arriving by tanker." Scenic Hudson case, however, :l'"deral courts Is it any wonder tha.t conservationists The West Coast simply does not need as have held that an administrative agency are asking for more time and for public hear­ much oil as Alyeska wants to provide. And, charged with protecting the environment ings to evaluate this "complex report"? if it did, the obvious source would be the has a duty to consider alternatives not Southwest or Canada, a fact Canadian min­ placed before it by the parties. It cannot WHOSE GOVERNMENT IS THIS? ister Macdonald has been pressing upon his only "sit as an umpire blandly calling balls No doubt the seven oil companies which Washington counterparts without apparent and strikes," the court found. In any event, own the Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. are success. On April 19, for example, Macdonald Interior's 1971 statement was sufficiently anxious to go ahead and impatient with what was questioned in the Ottawa House of Com­ derelict so that even the Corps of Engineers, they view as delays. But we believe it's time mons by David Anderson, a Vancouver MP in its formal comment, warned that the de­ they learned that the government of the . active in the battle against Alaskan tanker partment had failed "fully to comply with United States isn't some third-level sub­ traffic, as to whether Canada was willing to the letter and spirit of the Environmental sidiary which they can order around. And the supply the United States with enough oil to Policy Act." public lands of the United States are not compensate for the anticipated additional two years it would take to complete the SCARCE STATEMENT their private domain. trans-Canada route. Macdonald's reply: The Justice Department, fighting the pipe­ Two years ago they were shocked and out­ "Both in my discussions with Secretary line case for Interior in court, has also shown raged that conservationists could force the Morton and other officials of the United a greater zest for adversaria than guardian­ government to comply with the National En­ States administration in Washington andre­ ship of the public domain. Last summer, vironmental Policy Aot. Last year they were cently with Secretary Rogers last week, I more than a year after the first lawsuit was offended by the adverse public reaction to made it perfectly clear that Canada was pre­ filed, Justice tried unsuccessfully to remove the first, abortive environmental impact pared to supply additional quantities of oil to the case from the District of Columbia to statement, which had been submitted to 17360 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 them for editing before it was released to the Alternative oil pipeline through Canada sive text and piece together many of its public. Acknowledging that potential gas pipeline implications--one of the reasons public hear­ And now, though the new impact sta-te­ routes through Canada are also attractive oil ings are so necessary.) ment reveals strong reas,ons for building the pipeline routes, the report notes that the Despi'te all these dire implications, there­ pipeline through Canada ra-ther than south Canadian routes avoid the maximum earth­ cently announced Interior Department engi­ to the Alaskan port of Valdez, they are anx­ quake threats, eliminate impacts and hazards neering stipulations fail to require Alyeska to iously awaiting a permit to go ahea-d with to west coast marine areas, and have no submit its contingency plans to the govern­ their original plans, using the pipe and greater terrestrial impact in many signifioant ment before the construction permit is equipment already placed presumptuously respects in spite of their greater overland granted! ruong the proposed route. lengths. (Vol. 5, p. 238.) The alternative of deferral As a person concerned about the environ­ The report states that an oil pipeline ment, you ought to blow the whistle on this through the Mackenzie Valley of Canada Much of this voluminous statement con­ whole charade of sanctifying previously-ar­ would be "an equally efficient [economic] sist s of a-dvocacy rather than a careful weigh­ rived-a-t conclusions. Why should the Amer­ alternative to the trans-Alaska route (Eco­ ing of alternatives open to the U.S. govern­ ment. Excluding Volume 6 (comments and ican people be frozen out of this critical en­ nomic Analysis, Vol. I, p . 1) but also admits vironmellltal decision? Why, as we asked in it did not consider the additional economies a ttachments) and the three-volume eco­ a-n earlier ruert, must "the public be nomic and security statement, some 1,850 of building an oil pipeline through the same pages-77 percent of the first five volumes­ da-mned" ? corridor as the gas line. (Economic Analysis, Note the words of Under Secretary Pecora, Vol. I, p. C-23.) Obviously, with such econ­ are devoted to the environmental impact of above: a, public hearing would be a "circus." omies considered, the Mackenzie alternative granting the perlnit. Fewer than five pages­ And note, too, the implica,tion: hearings in­ would not be "equally" but "more" efficient. two-tent hs of one percent-deal with the al­ volving the public are not particulMly This gross error must not be allowed to ternative of deferring the projoot. (Vol. 1, p. thoughtful or rational. · stand! 258; Vol. 5, p. 1 and pp. 8-10.) WHY PUBLIC HEARINGS ARE NEEDED Marine transportati on systems Yet the paragraphs devoted to deferral note these advantages: (a) an opportunity for Actually, the impact statement itself is Volume 3 (449 pages) contains extensive studies of "innovative pipeline technology," one of the best arguments for public hear­ descriptive material on the marine environ­ (b) "operation of a pilot plant for brulast ings. One of the strongest impressions one ment and tanker transport of oil between treatment," (c) "instrulation and operation gets reading through it is of the number of Alaska and west coast ports. The evaluation of a large-scale hot oil pipeline experiment" unsolved problems which still exist-prob­ of oil tanker traffic indicates unavoidable ad­ in relation to permafrost termin, (d) "pipe­ lems that the statement openly recognizes verse effects from chronic oil pollution in line leak detection research," (e) "more exact and for which it has no answers. These prob­ port areas, from intentional ballast treatment definition of the gas transportation system lems relate to untried and untested engineer­ discharge at Port Valdez, and from accidental that would be proposed," and (f) more defini­ ing methods, incomplete environmental re­ discharge by collision or by negligence. Esti­ tive studies of :marine and arctic ecosystems. search, deficient land-use control and plan­ mates of accidental discharge are as high ning, and otner matters of critical import­ as 140,000 barrels a year, but "the impacts of ENVIRONMENTAL DANGERS CONFIRMED ance. oil upon the various biological systems can­ Until the Interior Department released this Many important aspects of the proposed not be predicted in a quantitative manner." statement it was still possible for pipeline Prudhoe Bay-to-Valdez pipeline are described (Vol. 4, p. 196.) advocates to say that conservationists were for the first time in the statement. Without Elsewhere the report (Vol. 4, p. 608) says "extreme," "far out" and "fright-peedlers" hearings, the many interested scientists not an "irreversible commitment of some marine when they warned of damage that could be involved in government or oil company re­ biotic resources would occur in Valdez Arm infiicted by the trans-Alaska pipeline. But search will have no meaningfu,l opportunity as a result 9f chronic oil pollution." But the no longer. Here is what the Interior Depart­ to coinment on this new material. Or, if they actual area or extent can't be predicted. ment itself has to say abourt these environ­ do, their communications can be safely filea Even so, "permanent and far-reaching effects mental dangers: away and ignored. upon certain forms of plankton would occur," "It is almost a certainty that one or more Here are some other reasons why public causing a "general decrease in primary pro­ large earthquakes will occur in the vicinity" hearings are needed: ductivity which would in turn affect other of the southern two-thirds of the pipeline. (Vol. 1, p. 97.) Gas transportation systems organisinS of the ecosystem, such as salmon, herring, razor clams, murres, auckets and "Construction scars would be visible for The department says "it seems clear that a other species of birds, fish and shellfish." the life of the project and for years after the single gas line will be built through Canada But all this was known before the state­ pipeline ha-d been removed." (Vol. 1, p. 211.) to the United States markets." (Economic ment was written. Is this the kind of solid, These scars would occur at 12 pumping sta­ Analysis, Vol. I, p. C-22.) It says such a trans­ substantial and detailed information on tions, seven airstrips, 26 permanent steel portation system is an "essential" element which decision-makers can render a sober towers for microwave transiniSSion, the main (Vol. 1, p. 50) of any oil pipeline system and and objective judgment? With no more than haul roa-d and numerous access roa-ds to the states that "less environmental cost would this to go on, how could they know we would 234 gravel sites and 54 quarries; and 12 con­ result from a single [gas and oil] transport gain more than we lost by proceeding with struotion camps, as well as the pipeline it­ corridor than from two separate corridors" the pipeline-tanker transportation system? self. Excluding the Prudhoe Bay field, these (Vol. 1, p. 273). But no effort has been made Pipeline breaks and contingency plans would occupy an estimated 40,000 acres (Vol. to evaluate these savings in environmental 4, p. 257) and require nearly 70 million cubic cost, and on March 20 a department spokes­ The statement acknowledges that a "no­ yards of gravel. (Vol. 4, p. 68.) man said, "We are completing such an anal­ spill performance" would be "unlikely." (Vol In spite of oil industry claims to the con­ ysis from the economic point of view only." 1, Summary.) It goes on to say that even trary, including newspaper and television ads, Further impact analysis is limited (Vol. 1, p. under emergency shutdown procedures as experiments on revegetating the tundra that 176) bee81use the "absence of any firm gas much as 64,000 barrels (2.6 Inillion gallons) will be torn up by pipeline construction have transportation proposal by the owner com­ of oil could escape from a pipeline break not worked. (Vol. 4, pp. 102-3.) panies li.m.its the amount of descriptive in­ (Vol. 1, p. 23); and that "minor leaks are A year ago conservationists were ridiculed foriillaltion available." (Vol. 1, p. 74.) Appar­ practically undetectable" (Vol. 4, p. 11) . A for suggesting that buried pipe carrying hot ently Interior didn't even ask the oil com­ "minor leak" turns out to be anything less oil would melt the permafrost, causing the panies for information on Canadian pipeline than 750 barrels (31,500 gallons) a day (Vol. pipe to collapse. Belatedly, Alyeska now plans plans-despite the intensive studies going 4, p. 135) . In spite of this, the effectiveness to elevate 354 miles (44 percent) of the 789- on in cana-da. of surveillance, monitoring and cleanup pro­ mile pipeline (Vol. 4, p. 16)--<:ompared to Congressman Les Aspin of Wisconsin points cedures has not been fully discussed. its original plan for only 40 miles (5 percent) out why the Interior Department hasn't re­ What effect would a pipeline break have of elevated pipe. But there is still no definite ceived an application for an Alaska-canada on the environment and ecology? Through­ determination of how many miles of pipe pipeline. "The same oil companies which out the report there is an unwillingness to will be buried. And there is an additional, dominate the Alyeska (trans-Alaska pipe­ quantify the damage. But occasionally one unsolved problem: Wherever protective vege­ line) consortium also dominate the Macken­ stumbles on a shocker like this: "For ex­ tation is destroyed on the tundra, the under­ zie Valley Pipe Line Co., and they are hardy ample, a significant spill into the upper lying permafrost will thaw bringing drainage likely to submit an application in competi­ Gulkana River during the peak of the salmon and erosion problems for years to come-at tion with themselves." However, it's import­ run would likely cause fishery damages of supports, construction pads, ditching, roads, catastrophic proportions." (Vol. 4, p. 135.) ant to note that as recently as March 29 the buildings, etc. And this is only part of the story, for as As wildlife authorities have been saying Canadian government reiterated its long­ one can find in Volume 3, page 311, the standing interest in having the oil pipeline go all along, the report acknowledges that cari­ Gulkana fiows into the Copper River, which bou and other animals will die needlessly through Canada rather than having tankers ~mpports one of the greatest birdlife con­ from loss of habitat, the spilling of toxic carrying oil from Valdez past and through centrations on earth. (Here lies one o! the substances on forage, and disruption of mi­ Cana-dian coastal waters to the west coast o! more irritating aspects of the impact state­ gration patterns. (Vols. 4, pp. 152, 171, 154-5.) the United States. ment; you have to search through the mas- The report further acknowledges the pos- May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17361

sibility of catastrophic salmon losses (Vol. 4, WHO FAVORS PUBLIC HEARINGS love. Her contribution to each child un­ pp. 135-36); the likelihood of "pronounced For all its weight and girth, the impact der her care can never be measured other reductions" of grizzly bear populations (Vol. statement fails to give deserved emphasis to than through their accomplishments 4, p. 534); the certainty of "considerable" the tremendous wilderness and wildlife throughout their lives, as a result of her siltation of three rivers noted for their fish values of Alaska and the menace to these superior methods of instruction and per­ resources (Vol. 4, p. 527); the threat of "both values posed by the unprecedented pipeline locally and internationally significant losses project. For this and other reasons .most of sonal involvements which can only be to water-related birds due to oil" (Vol. 4, p. this country's major conservation organiza­ termed a "labor of love." She exemplifies 538) ; the possibility of increased mortality tions have joined in calling on the President a teacher in the truest sense of the word. rates among young moose, mountain sheep to schedule public hearings on the pipeline I join with Mrs. Milliff's many, many and caribou· because of aircraft disturbance impact statement. These organizations in­ friends and students on the occasion of (Vol. 4, p. 149); the threat of "illegal and clude. Boy Scouts of America, Citizens' Com­ her retirement dinner on June 7 in ex­ wanton shooting of peregrine falcons and mittee for Natural Resources, Defenders of the robbing of the young for falconry" aris­ tending to her my sincere best wishes Wildlife, Environmental Action, Environmen­ for a truly deserving happy and reward­ ing from access to habitat (Vol. 1, p. 204); tal Defense Fund, Federation of Western and the killing of indeterminate numbers of Outdoor Clubs, Friends of the Earth, Izaak ing retirement for many years to come. sea otters and fur seals, which are sensitive Walton League of America, John Muir In­ to even small amounts of oil. (Vol. 1, pp. stitute for Environmental Studies, National 207-8.) Audubon Society, North American Wildlife NATIONAL SECURITY AND OU. ECONOMICS Foundation, National Parks and Conserva­ RUNAWAY YOUNGSTERS ARE TRY­ The final three volumes of the report deal tion Association, National Rifle Association, ING TO TELL US SOMETHING with "An Analysis of the Economic and Se­ Sierra Club, Sport Fishing Institute, The curity Aspects of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline." Conservation Foundation, The Wilderness So­ Congressman Aspin, a former member of the ciety, The Wildlife Society, Trout Unlimited, HON. DONALD M. FRASER staff of the Council of Economic Advisers, Wildlife Management Institute and Zero OF MINNESOTA has called the study "pseudo-economics, a Population Growth. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sham and a hoax." Similarly, 82 members of the U.S. House of As noted above, the economic study fails Representatives have joined in signing a let­ Monday, May 15, 1972 ter to the President calling on him to hold to take into account the most obvious econ­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, runaway omy of all: constructing the gas line and pipeline hearings before a decision is reached. And on the other side of the Capitol 23 Sen­ youngsters are a national problem-a oil line in the same corridor instead of tragedy-that, according to the April 24, separate corridors. ators have made the same request. In addition, we note the following: Finally, the three plaintiffs in Wilderness 1972, U.S. News & World Report, will not Society et al vs. Morton-the Alaska pipeline recede ~th the receding of the youth National security lawsuit--wired the President on March 20 revolt of recent years. The contention is made that the United renewing their request for public hearings. According to an article from the states can't afford to be dependent on oil Besides The Wilderness Society, the plain­ from the Middle East. Yet the report admits tiffs are Environmental Defense Fund, Inc. March 26, 1972, Washington Sunday that North Slope oil (2 million barrels a day) and Friends of the Earth. Star: would supply only 9 percent of our projected WHAT YOU CAN DO Today's youngster who flees his warm bed, oil needs in 1980 (22 million barrels per day, his stereo and his three square meals a day according to Economic Analysis Vol. I, p. In spite of this imposing array of con­ is less likely to be striving for adulthood B-1). Depending on the amount which servationists, Congress members and private than giving an anguished cry for help. Canada and South America might be able citizens, the Nixon Administration appears to supply by that time, we would still need determined to bow to the demands of the oil "The Bridge" in Minneapolis offers 5 to 6 million barrels a day from the Middle industry and issue the pipeline permit. Your help to runaway youths. A March 27 East. (Vol. I, p. B-12.) help is needed, and it's needed now. Minneapolis Star article describes this Last year conservationists were ridiculed Unless this decision is reversed and hear­ innovative facility. I am pleased that by the president of Alyeska and officials of ings are held, Secretary Morton could ask the federal court on or after May 4 to lift citizens of Minneapolis are working on the Interior Department when they suggested this problem. The goal of "bridging the . that some of the Prudhoe Bay oil, allegedly the pipeline injunction and allow him to needed for "national security," would end up grant a permtt to Alyeska. gap separating runaway children and in Japan. Now we find in the Economic Anal­ We urge you to act today. Send a letter­ their parents" gives the Minneapolis ysis an admission that some of the Alaskan or a telegram-to the President asking for program its name. And this gap is at the oil would indeed go to Japan and that Brit­ 90 days to review the statement followed by heart of these individual tragedies. ish Petroleum (whic)l. owns about 50 percent full public hearings to bring the knowledge The three articles which follow de­ of the Prudhoe Bay reserves) has signed on and wisdom of the American people into this important decision-making process. Write or scribe in detail the problem. We must agreement with Japanese oil companies for work to find solutions it: marketing Prudhoe Bay crude oil in Japan. wire: President Richard M. Nixon, The White to What is more, the Interior Department, hav­ House, Washington, D.C. 20500. RUN.-\WAYS OFTEN FIND NEW HOPE AT THE ing professed interest in the "national secu­ But don't stop there. Send information BRIDGE rity" need for Prudhoe Bay oil, has not copies to your congressman and senators. En­ (By Joe Blade) deigned even to ask British Petroleum how list your friends, neighbors, local clubs and "How can you live with hate" asked the 15- muoh North Slope oil it has already com­ organizations. And inform your local news medlar-including editorial writers-what year-old girl. "With people just yelling at mitted to Japan. (Economic Analysis, Vol. I, you all the time?" p. F-20.) you're doing. If you can use more copies of She couldn't, so she ran away. Through Can they really have it both ways? Surely this flyer, ask for them. Get started today! part-time jobs she paid for her half of an the public should have a right to comment apartment shared with a girl friend in the on these glaring inconsistencies. same suburb where her parents live. Profitability MRS. THELMA MILLIFF After three months she found out how North Slope oil is low-cost oil. If delivered much she missed school. And that "when to the West Coast by tanker, it would reduce you can do anything you want, there isn't prices theoretically by 70 cents per barrel, HON. JEROME R. WALDIE anything you want to do." So she called a policeman she knew and he saving consumers about $800 million per OF CALIFORNIA year. If delivered to Chicago by pipeline, recommended she try The Bridge, where help prices could be reduced 40 cents per barrel, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is offered to runaway youths. with similar savings to consumers. That's Monday, May 15, 1972 "You can lean on people here," she told a what the economic study says (Vol. I, pp. reporter several days after moving into the H-3, H-6). Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, I should old frame house at 608 20th Av. S. "You grab But there's one catch to that argument. like to bring to the attention of my col­ them and they'll really talk to you." As the report itself points out, "Mecha­ leagues the imminent retirement of Mrs. Eventually they ask how much the run­ nisms of the oil import quota system would Thelma Milliff from the Martinez Uni­ away is responsible for his or her problems. And then, the girl said, she had to face the keep supply and demand in balance at cur­ fied S~hool District in my congressional fact that she bore at least half the blame. rent price, so that prices would not fall and district after 45 years of outstanding there would be no consumer saving." Perhaps not in her case. The Bridge could Who, then, gets the benefit? The fog of and devoted service. not even get her parents to show up for a figures is hard to analyze, but the answer is Mrs. Milliff has served the students of conference. Another home is being sought not. If the trans-Alaska route is approved, the the Martinez Unified School District and for her. profit will go to the oil companies (Vol. I, p. the Martinez community with devotion, The Bridge was started by Sister Rita H-5). unselfishness, personal sacrifice, and Steinhaugen, a free spirit in the West Bank 17362 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 community who saw a desperate need for a. show their feelings. That can play havoc within a couple of days, picked up by police runaway facility while she was running the within families, she said. or returning voluntarily after a brief, un­ Free Store on Cedar Av. The Bridge is now independent; in its first happy fling away from the parental fold. Usu­ A long-vacant house and remodeling mon­ year it was associated with St. Joseph's Home ally, they are none the worse for their experi­ ey were donated by Cedar Riverside Asso­ for Children in south Minneapolis. ence. ciates, Inc., which is developing the area. Workers at The Bridge felt they should use It is different story with the others who The name was chosen to symbolize the a less clinical approach, while St. Joseph's swell the ranks of the vast, numberless, drift­ goal of bridging the gap separating runaway was unhappy about having responsibility ing army of rootless youngsters, the street children and their parents. without control over operations. So an ami­ people who clog the nation's Georgetowns, The first two functions of the house are cable separation was worked out. Greenwich Villages and Sunset Strips and easy to provide: shelter and a cooling-off Relations are good with most local social the throngs who head like lemmings for the period. agencies, but there is hostility at one im­ Florida beaches and the California freeways The next step is "a lot of serious talking, portant institution: the Minneapolis Police where--they believe--it's really at. opening up and listening on our part to cre­ Department. A tiny proportion manage to become per­ ate an atmosphere where they can talk, where Suburban police work effectively with The manently swallowed up in the street sub­ they know they won't be punished for what Bridge, bringing in children and establishing culture and remain hidden until reaching 18 they say," says Greg Anderson, the associate contacts within the community. Although or a point where their parents no longer director. cooperation from Minneapolis juvenile of­ wan t them. A 24-hour period is allowed for notifying ficers is even more important, says Sister But the majority eventually get picked up, parents. "Sometimes it's too threatening right Marlene, only a few individuals will work often for committing crimes, and are sent away," Anderson says. with The Bridge. - back home or to a juvenile institution, only If a runaway won't call his parents, he The future of the organization is distinctly to return again and again to the streets be­ can't stay. unsettled. There are continuing problems cause their family problems invariably re­ "The initial agreement is that The Bridge with that old devil, money. The Bridge is main unsolved. is for straightening out your own problem, chronically short of funds--employees went Running away is in itself an illegal act and we're here to help you," Anderson de­ unpaid for six months at one point. but what concerns authorities most is that clares. If a youth won't confront his par­ A $28,597 grant for a year's operation is in order to survive a youngster is forced to ents and face his problem, the facility can't being sought in federal anticrime funds. The commit crimes, usually stealing or dealing help him. current budget is much less, said Sister Mar­ in dope. Not many refuse to contact their parents, lene. They also are extremely vulnerable to although on one day last week five left The U.S. Sen. Birch Bayh, D-Ind., is sponsoring older persons who prey on them-rapists, rip­ Bridge for just that reason. a. Runaway Youth Act in Congress to ap­ off artists, the assorted flotsam of the street Parents are asked to come in to thrash propriate $10.5 million a. year for institutions subculture who themselves survive at the problems out with their child and workers like The Bridge. expense of their younger "brothers and sis­ at the house. If The Bridge weren't available, where ters." From there, help may go in any direction would runaway kids go for help? A third re­ "Most runaways are young, inexperienced needed. Sometimes counseling is enough. sponding to the survey said they didn't suburban kids who run away to major urban Sometimes other agencies must be called in. know; a~other quarter said "stay on the areas," Sen. Birch Bayh, D-Ind., noted re­ Perhaps a trusted person may be found in streets." cently. "These children look for companion­ the child's home community. The research committee concluded that ship, friendship, and approval from the peo­ Occasionally there is nothing to do but The Bridge not only was needed burt was "an ple they meet. Instead they often become find another home for the child. important link" among services in the com­ the easy victims of street gangs, drug push­ Much of the talk is throwing out possible munity. ers and hardened criminals. alternatives that a runaway-or his parents­ "The main thrust of The Bridge," said SiS­ "Without adequate shelter and food they may not have considered. And suggesting ter Marlene, "is to cause reconciliation are prey to a whole range of medical ills some serious thought about what they really through family crisis. Most people won't do from upper respiratory infection to venera! want to do. anything until there's a crisis. disease." The Bridge's eight full-time employees in­ "And running away is a crisis that affects Said Vic Wertz, a juvenile investigator: clude three nuns from the Order of St. Jo­ everyone in the family." "From the moment a kid leaves home he or seph. There also are about 30 volunteers, she faces trouble. If it's a. girl she's gonna many of them students at the University of THE RUNAWAYS get picked up and sexually molested. Boys Minnesota. (By Michael Satchell) have that problem too. We are certain there The average stay of a runaway is one to She was spotted recently, thumb in the are perverts who cruise around looking for three days. There are nine beds on the sec­ air, on a. Northern Virginia beltway entrance young kids hitching a ride. ond floor and some convertible couches down­ ramp. alone, scared, vulnerable, looking all of "If a. girl wants a place to sleep, she's got stairs. The youngsters help prepare meals. 13 years old, hitching a ride from her private to pay for it and usually with her body. It's Does The Bridge do its job? A sampling nightmare to trouble she never dreamed of. inevitable-and its just as safe a bet a kid is of opinions among the 581 youths served A heavy truck with out-of-state tags shud­ gonna get into drugs if he isn't into them in the 13 months after its opening Dec. 1, dered to a halt and the passenger door flew before he leaves home." 1970, was taken by the research department open. She hesitated, flung a quick backward Even at Runaway House near Dupont Cir­ of the Community Health and Welfare Coun­ glance toward a. nearby subdivision where cle, where kids can find a. welcome and a. bed, cil. she probably lived, tossed up her small knap­ such problems are inescapable. Of the youths contacted, 86 percent rated sack and climbed into the cab to join two "Some little bitch stole my clothes, my The Bridge "good" or "excellent" and two­ strangers. makeup, even my toothbrush," snarled a thirds felt they had been helped with their The men sat her between them, the truck pretty 13-year-old who is staying in the problems. roared off in a spatter of gravel, and Little house. "If I find out who it was I'll rip her More of the parents felt they had been Miss Runaway was free at last. off so bad she'll never forget it." helped, but somewhat fewer approved as "If she was lucky, very lucky, she might Most of Washington's runaways are !rom strongly of the institution. Anderson finds have gotten out of the truck unharmed," the suburbs, and after spending a night or this understandable, because the youngsters Larry Jones, a juvenile investigator re­ two at a. neighborhood friend's house, they stay, but parents travel there to confront dif· marked. "But it's doubtful. She was probably usually head for Georgetown ... where dope ficult problems. used and abused and then kicked out. That's is easy to come by and the crash pads­ One parent responded to the survey by say· a rotten experience for a young kid, but it places to sleep-are usually mattress-full. ing: Don't publish The Bridge's existence, so happens to runaways all the time." After a. few weeks, some of the youngsters as to not attract youth." A Senate subcommittee investigating the become adept at hustling for their needs. A When the underlying problem was found runaway problem was told recently that as group of 13 and 14-year-olds, at Runaway to be with the parents, it usually was im­ many as a million youngsters under 18 left House explained how they live. proved, the survey discovered. When the home last year and the number is expected "On a good day, I can make $5 an hour children were the cause, problems remained to increase. Last year, about 10,000 boys and panhandling," said a very pretty 13-year-old the same or worse, according to responses. girls from the Washington area fled their from Vienna. who called herself 'Billy.'" The most important single precipitating homes. "I put on my oldest clothes, go barefoot, cause for runaways is alcoholism or drug The FBI reports that runaway arrests are and look very downcast. I ask the tourists if dependency in the family, says Sister Mar­ up 60 percent in the last four years and the they can spare a few pennies so I can get lene Barghnini. director of The Bridge. age range is dropping. Six years ago it was something to eat. It works just about every About 60 percent of the children seen at 16 and 17 years old who were fleeing. A recent time." The Bridge are from chemically dependent survey in New York. City indicated that near­ Ed, charming, rascally 13-year-old with families, says Anderson. ly half of that city's total runaways were a 20-year-old's experience who has run away Lack of ability to communie11.te on a "feel­ between 11 and 14, a trend noted by Wash­ from his Takoma Park home more times than ing level" is another major problem, he adds. ington authorities. he can remember, said he steals to survive. Sister Marlene feels this stems from the Perhaps half of the runaways, most of "It's easy," he laughed. "I rip off food and tradition that American men should not them first-timers, are back in their own beds cigarettes from supermarkets. I only got May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17363 caught once and that was in Newport News dltng kids. The volunteers in turn say the po­ minority and working-class youngsters are when I took 13 packs of cigarettes. I gave lice see runaways as little more than juvenile joining a runaway flow once consisting main­ the guy a fake name and took off. No prob­ delinquents rather than troubled children, ly of disenchanted offspring of the middle lem." and act accordingly by arresting them. class. In Boston, homeless children sleep all Runaway House, a graffiti-festooned three­ The police feel runaway houses encourage night in automat restaurants. In San Diego's story building, is the only privately oper­ kids to leave home. The runaway houses say warmer climate, they sleep on beaches. ated refuge in the area dealing exclusively they are answering the needs of desperate WASHINGTON'S PROGRAM with runaways. In its nearly four-year exist­ youngsters. ence, it has provided temporary shelter for The answer may be a Congressional bill in­ Several dozen havens--public and private about 3,000 youngsters. But on any given day troduced by Sen. Bayh that asks for $10 mil­ have been set up in the Washington, D.C., in Washington there are scores of runaways lion over the next three years to construct area to look after the 10,000 or so runaways combing Georgetown looking for a place to and operate temporary housing and counsel­ to be found there at any given time. sleep, or a bite of food to scrounge, and it ing services for runaways. The bill would One of the largest enterprises, "Runaway sometimes gets tough. strengthen interstate co-operation or run­ House" and its two foster-care homes off Du­ "We've had kids come here who have emp­ aways and would promote research into the pont Circle, looked after 464 girls and 556 tied garbage cans and slept in them," re­ problem as well as provide housing for the boys last year with funds supplied by gov­ called Kurt, one of five Runaway House youngsters and ways of getting them back to ernment, business and industry and private counselors. "Some kids sleep in telephone their families quickly. individuals. booths. And often they go hungry." It is a jarring experience to chat with the Talk to some of America's transient chil­ Running away has always been a part of residents of Runaway House, not so much dren and you hear the old and familiar rea­ America's folklore since Huck Finn and Tom to hear their tales of family woe, but to hear sons that have impelled untold generations Sawyer floated down the Mississippi, but to­ them assess their own situations and talk of Huckleberry Finns to skip out--school day's youngster who flees his warm bed, his about their life-styles that at the tenderest problems, a longing for adventure, quarrels stereo and his three square meals a day is of ages revolve around little more than acid, with parents, and neglect or brutality in the less likely to be striving for adulthood than alcohol and "being free." home. giving an anguished cry for help. But their outward bravado of making it Today's "youth culture," however, is add­ The reasons for leaving, noted Ken Mc­ alone on the streets without help from their ing new dimensions to the old problem of Laughlin, a Fairfax County juvenile court parents is betrayed by the pain they express runaways. supervisor, range from such petty things as only among themselves, or in their crude Through hearsay, and occasionally by tele­ getting a bad grade in school and being afraid scrawls of graffiti on the walls of their bed­ vision and youth-oriented publications, the to go home to deep-rooted conflicts that may rooms. young have been led to believe-as a San take skilled counseling and a long period of "Loneliness is a kid living with two adults," Francisco youth worker puts it--that "run­ readjustment on both sides. reads one message. "I love the world and ning away is a socially acceptable thing." "Some kids make elaborate preparations"­ everything in it but my mother," reads an­ Many also seem to think that the big city almost like somebody wanting to commit sui­ other. "Caution: Parents may be hazardous overflows with Eden-like communes offering cide-"and they are constantly throwing out to your health.'' instant fellowship and protection. hints," McLaughlin said. "They tell their But most telling of all, perhaps, was the Contributing even more emphatically to friends they are going to run, knowing it will statement by a pretty young girl who says the runaway phenomenon, say many youth get back to their parents. What they are do­ she has been through it all as a runaway­ experts, is a state of disarray in the tradi­ ing is telling their parents: 'Hey, please drugs, sex, attempted rape, shoplifting, the tional American family. change or I'm gonna split.' " lot. The family unit has become so geared to Still others simply decide on the spur of the "Being 13 years old is such a bummer," upward-and outward-mobility, critics say, moment to leave and with nothing but the she groaned. "How I wish I was 14." that it is increasingly unable to provide for clothes they are wearing, head for the nearest the emotional needs of youngsters or to highway. RUNAWAY CHILDREN-A PROBLEM FOR MORE bridge a "culture gap" between generations A typical example is 14-year-old Debbie, AND MORE CrriES that is widening. who said she left her Falls Church home a The flight of unhappy youngsters from U.S. Often juvenile values become warped-as week ago Wednesday. She is staying at Run­ homes shows no signs of diminishing. It's in the case of a suburban boy who ran away to nearby Washington, D.C., when his par­ away House in the District and, she said, she striking at a wider ra~e of parents, raising has not yet called her parents who probably big questions about the future of the family. ents refused to buy him a $400 stereo set. have no idea where she is. Each week more than 10,000 American chil­ Some sociologists and psychologists say the "I skipped school that day and went to a dren run away from homes, schools and in­ problem of runaway children is likely to be party in Vienna," she related. "I was sup­ stitutions. What's more-Developing among in the foreground of national attention for posed to get a ride home but I couldn't get U.S. youth experts is the unsettling thought some time to come. Introduced in Congress one so I stayed with a friend in Arlington. that runaway youngsters are going to be a this year was legislation to provide 30 mil­ Then I decided I'd be better off by myself so national problem for years to come. lion ·dollars over the next three years to help I headed for the District and came here. No longer do specialists in juvenile trou­ communities establish and maintain "run­ "I don't want my parents to know where I bles put much stock in the theory that the away houses" across the nation. am--even though they're worried about me. runaway tide will recede once the youth re­ Statistically, the problem is measured by As far as I'm concerned they're just a couple volt of recent years wanes. Today, campus Congressmen and local authorities in these of people who fed me. They didn't like my and off-campus violence is slackening-but terms: friends or what I did." adolescents continue to decamp at a rate ex­ Conservative estimates are that about 600,- Children from middle and upper-class fam­ ceeding half a million a year. 000 minors ran away from home in 197o-­ double the number of seven years earlier. ilies run away with greater frequency than GETTING INTO TROUBLE the children of poor parents, authorities note. CUrrently, the experts say, the situation "You don't hear much about it when some As in the past, violent death still befalls shows little, if any, change. senator's son runs away but it happens a lot," some. Others are arrested for prostitution, Most runaways are aged 13 to 17, but some chided Marlene Ross, a psychologist and a drug peddling and theft--though nothing are 10 or 11. Today, about as many girls as leader of the drive to start a runaway house has come along recently to match the mur­ boys are running away. in McLean. "They don't report it to the derous exploits of runaways who joined the Of those runaways arrested, about 40 per police." "family" of Charles Manson in the late 1960s. cent are under 15. More girls than boys are Said a county juvenile worker: "There is a Some changes in the runaway pattern are arrested. thing 'lieutenant colonel' syndrome in North­ being noted. To get a close-up of the children and what ern Virginia. They always are busy trying to Girls appear to be moving into the fore­ is being done about them, "U.S. News & make full 'colonel' and they never have time ground of the homeless young. More run­ World Report" correspondents in major cit­ for their kids. It seems like every week we aways seem to end up in smaller cities closer ies visited shelters and talked with law-en­ get a call that some lieutenant colonel's kid to home rather than faraway "glamour" forcement officials. Their reports follow: is missing." cities. SAN FRANCISCO.-Five years ago, in this In recent years there has been an increas­ Many still head for a freewheeling com­ city's Haight-Ashbury section, a massive in­ ing trend for girls to run away and today mune or "crash pad." But some, now wary, flow of flower children" from all parts of they outnumber the boys who have spurned may take refuge with friends' families near­ the U.S. alerted Americans to the new scope their homes. Juvenile officials say girls are by, or seek out one of the "runaway houses" of the problem of runaways. under greater pressure to conform to higher being set up in a number of metropolitan Today, Haight-Ashbury is a desolate hang­ moral standards than boys. areas. out of addicts and derelicts-and the run­ Today there are few private agencies to aid New York City is one of several urban aways are congregating downtown, along or runaways, and there is a growing trend of areas reporting slight declines in the num­ near Market Street. thought to move the problem out of the ber of youngsters who leave home. Others, Police pickups of runaways now are about criminal justice system entirely. such as Nashville, Tenn., show increases. half of what they were in 1968. Where do the The police tend to regard private operations Chicago officials say that the average age youngsters come from? Of those who head such as Runaway House as a nuisance, run of runaways has declined to about 14. for Huckleberry House, a runaway shelter by do-gooders with little experience in han- San Francisco and other cities report that near Golden Gate Park, about half are from CXVIII--1095-Part 14 17364 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ~ay 15, 1972 the Bay area. Codil·ector Brian Slattery of ty director of juvenile services, Howard years ago. It seems these kids just need a Huckleberry House says: Toone, reports that about half of the run­ cooling-off period of a night or a few days." "Kids are going to the nearest metropolitan aways are from broken homes. Why do such youngsters leave? From Lt. area, rather than heading for particular cit­ Every effort is made to keep runaways out David Kelly of the Evanston police depart­ ies. And they try to stay in parts CYf cities of court, and officials work closely with pri­ ment: where they won't be noticed." vate agencies, including The Bridge, a run­ " It becomes a form of blackmail that the At this shelter, parents are always called, away shelter. It is funded mainly by ·· ~e kid uses on the parent. Maybe the parent but the youngsters are not required to go county, and on any given day offers refuge"'to won't let the kid stay out as late as he wants, home. still, a surprising proportion-prob­ about a dozen youngsters, who get counseling so he runs away. Some of these parents have ably 75 per cent--do so. and emergency board and room after tele­ taken threats from their kids from the time "Most kids have enough love for their phoning their parents. The house manager, they were small. They oug-ht to call the kids' parents that they want to work it out and Walter Atkin, says: bluff and not give in." go home--and some of the most abused kids "We try to get the parents in and talk DETROIT.-Runaway numbers in Detroit are the most insistent on working things out to them privately, and then with the child. a n d Wayne County have gone up three or at home," Mr. Slattery adds. In most cases, the kid will go home." four times in the past five years, says Ju­ The average runaway lasts about three GETTING AT THE PROBLEM venile Court Judge James Lincoln. And, he days in the city before going broke, which adds, it is now the girls who are more likely is interpreted to suggest that the ac·t of run­ "Crashers," just looking for a bed aren't ac­ to run away. Why? ning away is not intended to be permanent. cepted, and youths must be willing to ac­ "Parents will reject girls where they will About half come from broken homes, but cept counseling, medical attention and psy­ forgive their sons." homes with both parents present also have chologica~ or psychiatric care if needed. Most Some runaway girls find their way to East troubles. Mr. Sla'ttery comments: are from the immediate area, and only 10 Lansing, the home of Michigan State Uni­ ••1n the depression, kids left because they per cent are from out of State. versity, and to The Listening Earl, a runaway were starving. Now it's because Dad is work­ More girls than boys are accepted. One girl shelter. Says Mrs. Martin, a former social ing two jobs, and the extra $800 a month on her sixth trip away from home said she worker and now a volunteer worker at the isn't worth it." first left four years ago at the age of 11. shelter: He described some youngsters as actually "I never get my way at home," she said. "They're getting younger every year. They "throw&we.ys," whose parents don't want "I can't discuss a thing with my father, used to drop out of college. Now they drop 'Wlem and won't accept collect calls from especially if I'm .right. I can get along with out of high school.'' them. In such cases, the remedy may be to my mother for about two hours and then we One example: Last autumn, 10 boys quit place the adolescent in a foster home if he start fighting." East Lansing High. School and went to Cali­ or She is a californian. Some who are badly Tenth-grade dropout, she is awaiting fornia in a van. They returned not long ago damaged by their experiences may be placed placement in a foster home, rather than re­ and are back in their classes. turn to own home "The law says you have in a "group home." At Ann Arbor, home of the University of to have a 'mommy' and a 'daddy' and have Huckleberry House started out with a Michigan, runaways find shelter in Ozone them make all your decisions until you are House. A 17-year-old girl ca;lling herself largely white clientele. Now about one third 18," she said. "I have 2¥2 centuries to go--it's Of those receiving its help are from minority "Vampire" told how she took off a few months groups. . going to be a countdown." ago--"splitting" from the hospital where she Across San Francisco Bay, in Berkeley, More thoughtfully she added: had been committed by her parents in sub­ police say runaways have increased without "I was really spoiled by my mother. She urban Detroit to be trea.ted for a drug over­ letup for the past 10 or 12 years. At one should have said 'No' to me when I was dose. runaway center in 1971, just over half of those small. Now she's trying to correct the mistake "I got involved with drugs in high school,•' youngsters coming for emergency help and and says 'No' to everything, but it's too she said. "Everybody's ta.king them. My par­ late.'' ents should have watched me closer. Sure, I counseling decided to go home. Reports Eu­ CHICAGo.-In slums as well as in amuent gene Horn, director of the Berkley Runaway was hiding the stuff from them, but there suburbs, runaways are becoming a major are signs-if you know what to look !or.'' Center: source of worry to parents and the law. "Compared to six months ago, many more Even before the overdose incident, she had Chicago's department of human resources quit school and hitchhiked to Michigan of the kids we're seeing are from working has begun what may be the first runaway classes. This means that the faddism of cities. At present she supports herself by program in the nation for "ghetto" children, baby-sitting in exchange for a room, but running away is about over. Kids who are following up every runaway case reported to running away now have more serious difficul­ spends much time at the runaway shelter. the police in eight high-crime communities. Her future? She replies: ties to run from. It's harder to get them Usually the runaway fror· a slum home is back into their families than before." "I know hitchhiking is unsafe, but my trying to escape strict parental rules, avoid luck's been good. I'll keep hitchhiking until Still, one Berkeley police official complains: barsh punishment or fiee harassment from "Some who normally would abandon the something bizarre happens. I have no plans gangs. Ratio of girls to boy runaways is 3 to for an education. I just want to get out and idea of running away as impractical now 2. Runaways of both sexes tend to remain might do it. Someone will take care of them. enjoy." with friends, and quickly become a police ATLANTA.-Runaways are on the rise in All they have to do is say, "Hi! I'm a run­ problem. Officials estimate that runaways away!' Atlanta and Fulton County. In 1969, the ju­ account for 22 per cent of all youth crimes venile court reported 512 runaway cases. The "Generally, there is a fad thing going on­ in the city's near South Side. to hitchhike around the country, to be on figure rose to 106 in 1970 and 1,075 in 1971- your own, and to heck with the older gen­ COURT FOR REPEATERS more than double the 1969 figure. emtion. If it suddenly became extremely More than the white runaway, the black Most transient youths noted by public and popular to honor your father and mother, youngster !Tom a "ghetto" is likely to turn up private agencies are middle and upper-mid­ the runaway situation would probably in juvenile court if he runs away more than dle-class white girls fieeing home problems. change." once. Sometimes the judge may feel the child Generally they were 14 to 17 years old, with Los ANGELEs.-Fewer runaways seem to be has run away from an unfit home, and he 15 year olds probably the largest single coming to Los Angeles than in the years when will arrange for a foster or temporary home. group. the Sunset Strip was a magnet for wander­ But about 80 percent of the time, the youth At The Bridge, a runway shelter, most of ing youths from all over the U.S. and for is returned home for whatever counseling or those getting aid make contact with parents some from Europe. psychiatric follow-up the court may provide. in three or four days-then go home. Reports Over all, runaways reported to the Coun­ Parents are required to come with their Brother Greg Santos, a bearded Catholic ty of Los Angeles sheriff's department came child to at least one group-counseling session. priest and cofounder of the house: to 1,792 in the first 11 months of 1971, com­ Welfare, legal and medical help is obtained "About 98 per cent of the kids who come here end up with something agreeable to pared wtih 4,525 in the 12 months of 1968. for those who need it. Encouragingly, many families return voluntarily for several weeks them and their parents." "Many times we are able to determine that In a random check of 46 runaways who re­ the home life of a runaway is extremely bad," of counseling-and runaway and juvenile crime rates appear to be going down in areas turned home, it was found some months later says one juvenile officer. that all were still at home. He cited this example: Police recently where the program 1s operating fully. While "ghetto" parents usually report a Atlanta's runaway shelters get some criti­ picked up a young girl and boy wandering runaway immediately, affluent parents are cism because they do not initiate calls to about aimless. The boy was mentally re­ likely to try to hide the fact. parents or police. Larry McCoy, director of tarded, and his 15-yea.r-old sister brought Even so, known runaways in suburban Truck Stop Boys' Lodge and a. Methodist him to the city mainly to get away !rom a Evanston went up in 1970 by 50 per cent over minister, explains: home where the mother was usually absent 1969. Last year, they rose by 90 per cent. "The first night we tell the runaway that and the father-an alcoholic on welfare­ But the suburban runaway, it seems, is likely we are not going to call the cops or his par­ sold their food stamps to buy liquor. not to go very far, and to stay with friends. ents or make him call. We let him make up In San Diego County, the infiow of run­ Richard Hangren, a faculty member at New his own mind, and it usually works.'• aways continues at a steady pace--at about Trier East High School on Chicago's North In Atlanta, as elsewhere, broken homes 2,400 youngsters annually. Most are around Shore, says: figure strongly in the runaway picture. Juve­ 16 or 17, though some are only 12. The coun- "We saw more running to other cities three nile Court Judge Thomas D1llon told of a May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17365 13-year-old boy wha filed a complaint of his ning away to a place where nobody tells any­ against parents who try to bridge the gulf own with the court, claiming that he was a body else what to do, and ev~rybady shares, by showering "warm" concern on the child. deprived child and that his stepmother "bru­ and life is just a round of 'rapping,' with Recently the noted psychologist and educa­ talized" him. The judge adds: maybe a little panhandling or work thrown tor, Dr. Bruno Bettelheim of the University "The father then came and filed a com­ in. of Chicago, observed: plaint that the child was a runaway and . "What they find is that girls have to earn "It is a terrible burden to be loved too wouldn't obey. We found in this particular their keep in crash pads by engaging in much. Parents are so anxious their kids won't case the child had no business being at sexual relations or even becoming prostitutes. make it that the kids purposely don't--just home. The wom.an was not even his step­ Sometimes the same thing happens to boys. to get back at them. If parents would have mother but was only living there. We found New arrivals learn that to be accepted they a little less 'warmth' and more respect for the him a. foster home." have to experiment with drugs, even heroin. independence of their children, they would HousToN.-In 1971, the Houston police They have to give whatever they have to the do a lot better." picked up 5,652 runaways, of whom 3,287 were boss of the pad, and provide money by what­ TV AND THE CHn.D girls, compared with 5,525 pickups-among ever means they can-begging, stealing, drug-peddling or prostitution." This "alienation" process, some authori­ them 3,079 girls-in 1970. Juvenile officer Joe ties say, is intensified in early childhood by Navarro observes: A CHANCE TO SEE "It used to be that more boys than girls television-watching, described in one report To combat the rosy picture of runaway life, to the American Academy of Pediatrics as oc­ ran away from home. Now the trend is to­ St. Johns is staging "Operation Eye Open­ cupying 64 per cent of the average toddler's ward more girls." waking time. Result, in the view of many It is possible, he concedes, that girls may er"-tours of New York Ci.ty's Bohemian be reported missing more quickly than boys. haunts, jails, courtrooms and drug-rehabili­ psychologists, is to hamper the development "Many parents feel that a. 16-yea.r-old boy tation centers for sponsored groups of out-of­ of social skills and ability to communicate can pretty well take care of himself, but they town youngsters. Last year 43 such groups, with parents and other children. realize a. girl is more likely to come to harm." numbering 1,600 adolescents, got a glimpse of Out of all this come- the youngsters who Houston officials see two types of runa­ · what really is in store for runaways. Says Mr. run away because -of a. sense of failure, others Eckhardt: "Their naivete quickly gives way who want to see if their parents are really in­ ways. One, they say, is "pushed out" by parents to astonishment." terested in them, and still others who take and is a child who is unwanted, or is trying This church also is putting its own youths off simply because of a "cultural gap" of his­ to escape an intolerable situation such as and others in the Village to work on behalf of toric proportions between many children and alcoholic or brutal parents. The other type is parents in search of their missing children. their parents in a time of onrushing change. described as a child in rebellion against his In the rectory is a giant bulletin board Raised is this question: Can the American parents, in his school or hiS way of life. literally covered with letters, many accom­ family survive the troubles implicit in the panied by photographs, appealing for help continuing tide of runaways? BROKEN HOMES A FACTOR in finding a child. Several bear the seal of Some doubts are raised by such critics as In the second type, a. breakdown of com­ "found." A few a.re canceled as the result of Betty Frieda.n of the "women's liberation" munication between parent and child is held the youngster's death. movement, and a British psychiatrist, David to be common. In either type of runaway, Parents are encouraged to help in the Cooper, whose book, "The Death of the Fam­ most come from broken homes-and a. high search. Police fear that this sometimes spurs ily," heralds the replacement of the "nuclear percentage are mentally or emotionally dis­ the runaway to run even farther away, but family" by communal groupings. turbed. Mr. Eckhardt dissents: Even so, most authorities say the American Fairly typical of the thousands of run­ "I've found parents generally constructive family is likely to s\lrvive the runaway prob­ aways on Houston streets is the pretty, 14- and eager for their youngsters' return, lem and other symptoms of its disarray. Dr. year-old stepdaughter of a well-to-do Hous­ though they may vacillate between love and Paul Reiss, Fordham University sociologist ton manufacturer, who has left home for the anger. Many kids are willing to go home once and vice president for academic affairs, second time. When interviewed, she had been they see the parent cares enough to look for notes: away on her second trip for about three days. them." "Recent studies suggest a growing interest "I had everything at home-my own room As some child specialists see it, America's of Americans in regaining contact with rela­ in a nice home, just everything I wanted," runaway problem flows out of larger woes tives. We may also see a moderation in suc­ she relates. "My mother is upset about my afllicting the U.S. family. cess goals, so that parents may be willing to running away, but for my stepfather, it's just Statistics skim the surface of what is hap­ give up some material rewards-a promotion, another thing he has to worry about." pening: for instance-in order to remain near stable During her first absence from home, she In 1960, there was only 1 divorce for every friends and relatives. lived with a 19-year-old electrician whom she 4 marriages in the nation-but the number "I don't see a. return to the old 'extended met at a service station and agreed to live grew by 1970 to 1 in every 3. family' but I do see new forms of personal with after a few minutes' conversation. lllegitimate birth rates for unmarried relationships developing outside the nuclear "I think I love him," she says. "But who women aged 14 to 44 increased 26 per cent family." knows what love is?" between 1955 and 1968. Similarly Dr. E. James Lieberman, a. Wash­ She has experimented with amphetamines Among married or formerly married women ington, D.C., psychiatrist and family special­ and barbiturates, but has avoided heroin. with childen under 18, about 42 per cent now ist, sees future hope in the tendency of young Why did she run away? "I couldn't face my are in the U.S. labor force-and 7.4 per cent people to marry, free of pressures and more problem, I need help." What is her problem? of all American husbands hold two jobs. sensibly, at later ages. The quest for a higher "I don't know. I just know I have one." So often do Americans move that about "quality of life" in marriage and home, he NEW YoRK CrrY.-Last year, the names of one fifth of the U.S. popUlation today is not says, may ease some of the disruptive fac­ 8,466 juveniles aged 10 to 16 were filed with living where it did a year ago. tors at work in recent times. the Missing Persons Bureau, a. drop of about FAMU.Y TIES LOOSENED - At the moment, however, the strains on 150 from the previous year. Notable, however, the American family and its relationships, was this: While the number of missing boys Trouble grows as families become smaller. Not only are birth rates at a 30-year low continue to take their toll on parents and fell off sharply, this decline was nearly children-and neither law-enforcement offi­ matched by an increase in the number of but since World War I a steady attrition of the "extended family" has removed grand­ cials nor scholars see a quick end to the run­ missing girls-5,193 last year compared with away problem. In the words of Houston's 4,875 in 1970. · parents, uncles, aunts and cousins from the immediate circle in which the "nuclear Juvenile Cmu1; Judge Wallace H. Miller: Police involvement--not always for crimi­ "Until the nuclear family is re-established nal acts--declined substantially among New family" of parents and children often lived. These peripheral relatives, in effect, often or re-oriented, the problem of runaways will York City's runaways, from 1,932 in 1970 to continue to grow." 1,630 last year. And some youth workers say backstopped. parents in bringing up chil­ that perhaps 90 to 95 per cent of youngsters dren-providing additional affection and be­ "crashing" in Big Town manage to emerge havioral models, and a sense of family without lasting damage. solidarity. Still, murders and suicides occasionally Today, however, the "nuclear family" THE BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION turn up among runaways. Some time ago, stands almost alone, stripped down for mo­ eight adults were accused of raping and tor­ bility in pursuit of economic security and turing four runaway girls and forcing them status, even to the extent of moving across HON. FRED SCHWENGEL the continent to accept a new job or a promo­ to join a prostitution ring. Recently, "The OF IOWA Village Voice" published a long account of a tion. "white-slave ring" that was recruiting run­ That situation, in the background of many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES away girls for prostitution. runaways, is found to produce serious friction Monday, May 15, 1972 The Rev. Fred Eckhardt, pastor of St. between parents and child. John's Lutheran Church in Greenwich Vil­ On one hand, psychologists say, children Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, it is lage, explains: often feel themselves separated from parental good to know that many in Govemment ~'Most of these kids have been brought up love by the external pressures of "getting who have a feeling of appreciation and in fatrly nice homes. They think they're run- ahead." Alternatively, there is rebellion understanding of American history are 17366 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 keenly aware of our opportunity to re­ nature and nature's God. They accepted, too, tion which agitated England throughout flect on and evaluate the record of the the principle of the sovereignty of Reason, the eighteenth century never emerged in and tJie· axion that Reason could penetrate United States since its birth nearly 200 to and master the laws of Nature and of God. Massachusetts before 1750. It was the years ago. As I have indicated earlier, Faith in Nature and in Reason was one of the corruption of selfishness--official ava­ Congress wisely established a Bicenten­ common denominators of Europe's Enlight­ rice--which preoccupied the colonial nial Commission to aid and abet this enment despots too, but there it was never assembly. It was a much simpler corrup­ program but, unfortunately it has not yet fully realized. When the speotacle of liberal­ tion unrelated to the intricacies of the developed the kind of leadership that ism began to be translated from philosophy balanced constitution and amounted to either comprehends its opportunity or to politics, European rulers conveniently for­ got most of their liberal principles. But not nothing more than the ancient fear of understands its reason and, therefore, in America. a ruler's greed, the belief that men in very little constructive leadership has Americans had no kings, not after they had power use their offices to enrich them­ come out of the Commisison except some toppled George III anyway. No kings, no selves at the expense of the people. good suggestions that have come from a aristocracy, no church in the Old World sense The archetypical Governor in the committee headed by Mr. James Bittle. of the term, no bishops, no Inquisition, no colonists' mind seemed to· be the man of Therefore, it is fortunate that there are army, no navy, no colonies, no peasantry, no broken fortune, or of new wealth, or an those in Government who are respond­ proletariat. But they had philosophers in plenty. Every town had its Solon, its Cato; aspiring and ambitious man, the very ing already to the opportunity. . . . In America, and in America alone, the sort thought most capable of jobbing and Mr. Speaker, one of these institutions people had deliberately made their philoso­ spoilation. The Governors were especially in Government is the Library of Con­ phers kings: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, suspect because they were not of the na­ gress. It has called on its talents and its Madison in the presidential chair, a Bowdoin, tive elite, but were aliens and had inter­ capabilities to plan, to raise funds, and a Jay, a Trumbull, a Franklin, a Clinton, a ests apart from the inhabitants of the to promote a symposium. Pinckney, a Livingston in the gubernatorial. Colony. The distrust of these men who Mr. Speaker, on Friday and Saturday, After a luncheon break, the sessions went to America both "to rule a colony May 5 and 6, 1972, over 500 scholars and resumed with Prof. Caroline Robbins' and seek their fortune at one and the professional and amateur historians and address on Revolutionaries and Republi­ same time," compelled the assemblies to archivists from across the United States cans in the Old World Before 1776, Dr. defend and enlarge their privileges. And attended a symposium at the Library Robbins, professor emeritus of Bryn because the legislatures were less easily of Congress on the theme, "The Devel­ Mawr College said: corrupted, less was said in America about opment of a Revolutionary Mentality." The Declaration of Independence was not influence. This symposium, which was under the a republican document. During the 16th and After 1750, however, a larger pattern direction of the assistant Librarian of 17th centuries, Catholic and Protestant alike began to emerge as the colonists were Congress, Mrs. Elizabeth E. Hamer, was justified rebellion against rulers who failed drawn into imperial affairs. He said: the first in a series of five such meetings to protect them against disorder at home Under the tutelage of English radicals, a to be held at the Library of Congress in and invaders from abroad. The early Dutch, groWing number of colonial politicians came anticipation of the 200th anniversary Swiss, French, Italians, Germans, and Eliglish to see ... [that] the ministry at home had of American independence. The entire all demonstrated that there was no obliga­ much deeper and more malevolent designs series was made possible by a grant from tion on the part of the people to bear the ex­ on their liberty and in pursuit of their object orbitancies of a monarch when it degen­ had devised methods for over-reaching the the Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz erated into tyranny. In such cases, the rebel­ Foundation, established in 1948 by the restraints on their power which Parliament lion of a whole nation cannot be called imposed. As experience with Parliament made late Mr. Cafritz, a Washington realtor rebellion but a necessary part of freedom. that idea a reality for Americans, the word and philanthropist. Its enthusiastic re­ As one writer put it, to resist the abuse of corruption attained the fullness of meaning ception by so distinguished an audience government is to assist government. in colonial politics it had long had among reflects the interest of the American peo­ Professor Robbins held that the lessons English radicals. It grew to include corrup­ ple in our national heritage, and I hope of history were not overlooked by tion of the legislature through patronage and it will provide new inspiration to the electoral influence and thus to threaten the America's Founding Fathers. Having entire destruction of the constitution. many State and local organizations that given the ancient republics careful are seeking ways to participate in the In a sense the American Revolution was scrutiny, James Madison noted that: the extension of a conflict over legislative forthcoming bicentennial celebration. corruption waged in England. But in another The symposium was opened by L. The United Provinces allowed no particle of the supreme authority to derive from the sense the Revolution never outgrew its ori­ Quincy Mumford, Librarian of Congress, people. Venice contained a small group of gins in provincial politics with provincial em­ who, following a welcoming remark to hereditary nobles exercising absolute power. phasis on corruption as sheer greed. . . . the audience and the participants, out­ Poland's aristocracy had scarcely any virtue. John Adams said that a "whole government lined the Library's Bicentennial pro­ Only the Commons in England's polity was of our choice, managed by persons whom we grams. Then, after a spirited introduc­ in any way republican. love, reverse, and can confide in has charms tory address by the symposium chairman, in it for which men will fight." Richard B. Morris, Gouverneur Morris, But Madison thought that the name The colonists fought, "not just to es­ professor of history at Columbia Univer­ republic might legitimately be applied to cape the dominion of an oppressive min­ sity in New York, Dr. Henry Steele Com­ a government holding its powers directly istry and a corrupted Parliament but to mager, one of the world's foremost his­ or indirectly from the great body of the create a government of men they could torians and holder of 17 honorary de­ people. Only in republics is the general trust, men whose interests mingled with grees from colleges and universities in good the constant concern of its magis­ their own and whose lust was checked by Great Britain and the United States, ad­ trates. Thus in America a new meaning frequent elections. Under that govern­ dressed the audience on the subject, was given to the term republic. ment they could at least rid themselves "America and the Enlightenment." Pro­ Commenting on Professor Robbins' of the avaricious royal appointees who, fessor Commager's principal thesis was paper was J. H. Plumb, professor of in the minds of the colonists, had been that: modern English history at Christ's Col­ the bane of provincial politics." The Enlightenment, which many scholars lege, Cambridge. Professor Plumb praised Commenting on Dr. Bushman's paper consider synonymous with humanitarianism, Dr. Robbins for her excellent scholarship, was Edmund S. Morgan, Sterling pro­ tolerance, freedom of religion, and a commit­ noting chiefly that she had failed to in­ fessor of history at Yale University. Pro­ ment to the freedom of the mind, was real­ clude historians of the period, such as fessor Morgan found Bushman's defini­ ized in the New World. The Old World Edward Gibbon. imagined, invented, formulated, and agitated tion of corruption too doctrinaire, and After Professor Plumb's remarks, Dr. he cited examples of governors whose be­ Enlightenment, but it was chiefly in America Richard Bushman, professor of history that Enlightenment was absorbed and in­ havior did not fit the pattern described stitutionalized. at Boston University, delivered a paper above. He did, however, concede that, at Intellectually, eighteenth-century America on "Corruption and Power in Provincial least in part, the argument was valid. On was very much part of the European En­ America." Professor Bushman explained that point the session ended, and in the lightenment. Almost everywhere in America that prior to 1750 corruption in the sense evening many visitors and dignitaries at­ the philosophies embraced a common body of of manipulating the legislature through tended a reception in the Library's Great ideas, subscribed to a common body of laws, shared a common fatth. Americans accepted patronage and influence was rarely men­ Hall. the Newtonian world governed by laws of tioned in Massachusetts. The great ques- The Beginnings of American Republl- May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17367 canism, 1765-76, was the subject of a eenth century and that they were, not mon­ ganization, but with an unfathomed paper delivered at the Saturday morn­ olithic conservatives or unthinking support­ wealth of determination and courage, ers of monarchical prerogatives, but "Whigs the defenders of the State of Israel were ing session of the symposium by Pauline par excellence.'' Maier, assistant professor of history at able to repel the invaders and secure for the University of Massachusetts. Pro­ It was the American revolutionaries the State of Israel and for the Israeli fessor Maier traced the change from the who, in the imperial world, were the people a place among the family of na­ early 1760's, when Americans were at­ aberrations. There peculiar brand of tions. tached to the British Crown, to 1770 thought came largely from a "singular, In the past 24 years, the mettle of when, after he had rejected a series of unorthodox branch of Whig ideology." the Israelis has been tested many times petitions for redress, newspapers first They had changed and adapted the Whig and is still being challenged today. At compared the King to Nero. In 1773, philosophy to fit their particular circum­ the threat of economic strangulation and readers of the Massachusetts Spy were stances, so much that it had little cre­ in the face of another invasion of their told by A Republican that: dence among most Englishmen. The land, the Israelis, in 6 short days in Kings have been a curse to this and every loyalists, on the other hand, were neither 1967, stopped the most recent of the other country where they have gail}ed a unthinking tools of the British ministry attacks against their sovereignty. In the footing. From the very beginning dislllusion­ nor rigid conservatives who resisted all 5 years since the cease-fire of June 1967, ment with George III was coupled with a change within the empire. To the con­ the Israelis have been waiting at the rejection of mon.a.rchy as an institution. trary, prominent loyalists like Thomas peace table, waiting in vain for their ad­ "For a time the British constitution had Bradbury Chandler, Jonathan Boucher, versaries to agree to end once and for all seemed the consummate achievement of po­ litical engineering," Professor Maier stated, William Smith, and Joseph Galloway. time, this war that drains away so many "but in the course of the Anglo-American fully recognized the necessity of a read­ resources which could be used for the conflict it proved instead 'imperfect, subject justment in the relationship of the Colo­ betterment of the whole region. But just to convulsions, and incapable of producing nies with the mother ~ountry. They dif­ as Israel has been persistent in its deter­ what it seems to promise.' It no longer seemed fered from their fellow Americans only mination to live, it is persistent in its a well-poised arrangement of King, Lords, in the means of redress against real polit­ determination to live in peace. Israel and Commons, but instead "a kind of fortui­ ical grievances. wants peace, and Israel shall have peace. tious consolida[tion) of Powers now in Op­ After examining their opponents' ideas, The years have not all been spent in position to the true In.terest of the people." loyalists Samuel Seabury and Peter Oliv­ warfare. During those times of relative Was the republican alternative any er hit upon the answer: The radicals were quiet, the Israelis have been building better? Opponents of republics claimed not Whigs at all, they were republicans. and planting, raising cities where be­ that this form of government was prone The eloquent commentary on Profes­ fore only the sand blew, constructing to instability and unwieldness. The pro­ sor Norton's paper, delivered by Esmond factories in the forgotten comers of their vincial assemblies provided no model for Wright, Director for U.S. Studies at the land, ordering neat rows of fruit trees republican experiments "for they acted University of London, was a fitting note across empty yards of chaos. I have been as part of a political system conceived on which to end the symposium. to Israel and have marveled at its prog­ as a provincial model of the British con­ ress. I have seen the drained swamps of stitution, in which the governor took the Hulah, now resplendent with gardens. place of the King, the assembly of the I have walked among the vineyards and Commons, and the council, however im­ STATEHOOD FOR THE STATE OF the orchards standing in the debris of perfectly, of the House of Lords. A more ISRAEL centuries of neglect. Such experiences exact precedent for the republican gov­ restore in a person his faith in the dedi­ ernments established from the mid- cation of his fellow man to the rewards 1770's lay in the association formed to HON. JOSHUA EILBERG of hard work and to enduring dream regularize colonial resistance to British OF PENNSYLVANIA within us all to be masters of our own 'oppression.' .. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ships of destiny. While they were extra legal, tempo­ Monday, May 15, 1972 In every field of human endeavor, in rary, and outside the regular institutions every institution of civilized man, the of government, these associations based Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, 24 years Israelis have demonstrated to the world their authority on popular consent, and ago, May 15, 1948, David Ben Gurion the inherent truth of one dictum: that were "designed specifically to contain read the proclamation of statehood for nothing is impossible. In Israel, the free what was always considered the major the State of Israel. The event crowned will of men and women dedicated to a danger of republican institutions-popu­ the efforts of a group of dedicated peo­ cause that is just and in which they all _ lar anarchy. Here they were remarkably ple who had been working for the revival firmly believe is on display for the world successful. The rash of popular violence of the ancient Jewish State for many to see. Israel goods and products fill that spread throughout the Colonies in years, and ended a 2,000 year hiatus dur­ the markets of the world. Works of the fall of 1765 was never repeated. Re­ ing which time there was no state or Israel artists grace the galleries and publicanism, once considered utopian, homeland for the Jews. The birth of the museums of every major capital. Israeli had assumed practicality. It alone­ new state was the fulfillment of proph­ teachers pass on to the young and old American experience suggested-could ecy, the realization of a dream, the fruit alike, of countries in Latin America, provide the freedom, peace, and secu­ of toil and labor, the reward of per­ Africa, and the Far East, the skills with rity that all men sought from govern­ sistence, and a ho_pe for the future for the which they were able to restore their ment." thousands then waiting in the ghettos own country. Israel democracy is a model Prof. Jack P. Greene of the Johns and refugee camps of the Middle East upon which the emerging nations of the Hopkins University in Baltimore in com­ and Europe. world build their own national govern­ menting on Professor Maier's argument Independence for Israel did not mean ments. And Israel is an inspiration to all explained that: security or freedom. Hostile neighbors peoples who are threatened by extinction Americans chose Republicanism chiefly be­ used the occasion of the proclamation of or domination at the hands of interna­ cause of their appreciation of British tradi­ statehood as their declaration of war. tional thieves who would steal their free­ tions and institutions and the lack of a vi­ Invading armies swept into Israel with doni and subvert their wills to slavery. able alternative. the intention of destroying the farms But if Israel's progress and achieve­ The final paper to be read at the sym­ and homes of 50 years labor, and with ments are fitting subjects of praise, so posium was Mary Beth Norton's The the conviction that they could kill the are Israel's problems fitting subjects for Loyalist Critique of Republicanism. Miss Jews who had returned to their home­ consternation. There is still a military Norton, assistant professor of history at land. Neither the Arab soldiers nor their threat on the Israel horizon, which each Comell University, saw the Tory-Whig fanatical masters expected the Jews to day grows through the sinister largess struggle in the American Revolution as defend their land; but the defense of and malevolent intent of the Soviet a contest between different varieties of Israel, begun in 1948 and still continuing Union. The arms are still flowing into the Whigs. She argued that: today, is one of the inspiring stories of Arab arsenals, and the Arab armies con­ The loyalists participated in the regular modern history. With little training, few tinue their training and preparations for course of American development in the eight- weapons, scanty equipment, hasty or- a battle they claim is inevitable. In recent 17368 EXTENSIONS· OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 years, the world has watched while So­ prohibition. The FCC would also be given dividual and organizational memberships, viet fighting personnel have moved into the option of requiring the phone com­ would like to go on the record in support of Egypt to assume positions next to their pany, instead of supplying a list, to put your Telephone Privacy Act. From the mail that our complaint com­ Arab clients. For the Israelis and for the an asterisk by the names of those in­ mittee receives and the comments when rep­ free world, the question is: dividuals in the phone book who have resentatives of our speakers bureau get when Will the Soviet troops in Egypt be in­ chosen to invoke the commercial solici­ they go out to talk to community groups, volved in another shooting war, should tation ban. telephone solicitors are considered an annoy­ one erupt? On Israel's other borders, the Those not covered by the legisla;tion ance that many many consumers would very Arab armies also wait and rearm. Israel would be charities and other nonprofit much like eliminated from their daily lives. has not asked foreign soldiers to fight its groups, political candidates or organiza­ What has been most upsetting to the peo­ ple we heard from is that there seems to battles, it has not requested an American tions, and opinion polltakers. Also not be no way to stop the solicitations from army. All that Israel wants is the chance covered would be debt collection agencies coming. We have many cases on file of con­ to acquire those weapons which are nec­ or any other individual or companies sumers who have first politely and then less essary for the defense of their land. with whom the individual has an exist­ courteously asked to be removed from the Israel is paying dearly for its defense ing contract or debt. list callers use. To the utter frustration of through the costly weapons it acquires As I noted in a statement on March 9, these consumers, the calls nonetheless keep and through the loss of manpower de­ I have received an enormous amount of coming. In many cases, meals are inter­ correspondence on this legislation from rupted, baths or complex tasks are inter­ manded by the constant vigilance along rupted, and worse, people are awakened the cease-fire lines which is a burden on all over the country. Today, I am plac­ from their sleep or called out of a sick bed to the Israeli economy. There are other costs ing a 20th sampling of these letters into take what turns out only to be an unwanted involved in the defense of Israel: the lost the RECORD, since they describe far more commercial solicitation . . . and then are hours away from schools and universities, vividly than I possibly could the need unable to guarantee they won't be bothered the hours of waiting to find out if your for this legislation. again by the same company. son or daughter will return from patrol, These letters follow-the names have In our state, land developers seems to be the material devoted to constructing been omitted: the worst offenders, calling long distance bunkers and defenses when the same ma­ SCOTIA, N.Y., from Florida as well as from nearby loca­ April 27, 1972. tions. Photo studios and subscriptions agen­ terial could be used for homes or hos­ Hon. LES AsPIN, cies seem to be the next most annoying pitals. But these costs are willingly borne, House Office Building, callers, and, again, don't seem to want to because the Israelis know that the peace Washington, D.C. take complaining consumers off their lists. for which they wait and pray will bring DEAR Sm: I jUS>t heard that you have intro­ To make matters worse, many people tell us more benefits to Israel, the Arabs, to the duced a. bill to eliminate soUcitors' calls to they have reluctantly gone to the incon­ Middle East, and to the world. home phones. venience and expense of having an unlisted My husband and I have written our repre­ number so they can avoid these calls only In Israel, this 24th anniversary, like the to discover that sequence dialing finds them anniversaries before it, is a time for sentative and asked him to support this bill. Thank you for trying to get such a. won­ anyway. praise of accomplishments, a time for derful bill passed! We agree with you that the right of pri­ prayers for peace, and a time for watch­ Very truly yours, vacy should be given precedence over the al­ ful waiting along frontiers abounding leged need for phone solicitation and cer­ with hostile enemies. It is a time to hope tainly hope the Congress will act swiftly that this anniversary will be the last one MEMPHIS, TENN., on the Telephone Privacy Act. spent in a posture of defense. It is a time May 8, 1972. Sincerely, for planning for future building· and DEAR Sm: I heartily support your efforts to end unwanted telephone solicitation. Per­ growth. It is a time for all Jews-whether haps if this bill passes, I'll no longer be BROOKFIELD, CoNN., in Philadelphia or on the floor of this awakened at 8 a.m. or intercepted at the din­ May 3, 1972. Chamber, Jews living in Moscow or ner table to hear about "the bargain of the DEAR Sm: I am a homemaker who is ter­ Buenos Aires, Jews in America and year." ribly harassed by frequent interruptions from around the world, to remember our heri­ I'll be writing my own congressman about commercial and charitable organizations who tage and be thankful that our people are, this, too. use the telephone as an instrument of ad­ Sincerely, vertising. at last, home. It is a time for free men I strongly urge you to continue working and women, in these United States and for the Telephone Privacy Bill. around the world, to recommit ourselves WALNUT CREEK, CALIF., Very truly yours, to the promise of democracy. It is a time April 24, 1972. - w recall those who, less fortunate than Hon. LEs ASPIN, ourselves, remain behind the walls of in­ House of Representatives, EL PASO, TEx., tolerance in the Soviet Union and else­ Washington, D.C. May 9, 1972. DEAR Sm: I was delighted to hear that Hon. LES ASPIN, where. And it is a time to look to tomor­ House of Representatives, row, when new challenges, not of warfare, you have authored a bill against telephone soliciting. I have seriously considered get­ Washington, D.C. but of peace, will present themselves to ting an unlisted phone number for this very DEAR Sm: Congratulations on the Tele­ us and inspire us, as they did the found­ reason. I have a "No Peddlers" sign at my phone Privacy Act (H.R. 14097). I have ers· of the State of Israel, to new heights front door to prevent my being bothered wanted such a. bill for many years. of accomplishment-to do the impossible. by salesmen. For a long time I have felt that Sincerely, phone soliciting is a. real invasion of privacy and that there should be some way other TELEPHONE PRIVACY-XXII than having an unlisted phone number to insure against a. constant irritating barrage of unwanted phone solicitations. I feel sure CURRENT POLICY AGAINST COM­ HON. LES ASPIN that the average citizen will welcome with MUNIST INVADERS SHOULD BE OF WISCONSIN gre~:t enthusiasm a. bill such as yours. Good SUPPORTED BY ALL WHO VALUE luck! IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I would appreciate being kept advised of AMERICAN LIVES Monday, May 15, 1972 the progress of your bill. Thank you. Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, I have re­ Very truly yours, HON. 0. C. FISHER cently reintroduced the telephone privacy OF TEXAS bill with 49 cosponsors. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This bill would give individuals the VmGINIA CITIZENS CONSUMER right to indicate to the telephone com­ COUNCIL, INC., Monday, May 15, 1972 pany if they do not wish to be commer­ Alexandria, Va., May 10, 1972. Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, while it Congressman LEs AsPIN, appears some Americans, probably cially solicited over the telephone. Com­ House of Representatives, mercial firms wanting to solicit business Washington, D.C. prompted by a variety of motives, oppose over the phone would then be required to DEAR CoNGRESSMAN AsPIN: The Virginia. any American interference with the mas­ obtain from the phone company a list of Citizens Consumer Council, representing sive Communist invasion of South Viet­ customers who opted for the commercial some 150,000 Virginia. consumers through in- nam, evidence is overwhelming that most May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17369 Americans support whatever actions are opposed to protecting them is difficult for me helps to prevent the big takeover, they still to understand. demand that our bombers be completely necessary to protect American lives. grounded and our naval guns be silenced. Our President, drawing upon the best MADAME MINH'S U.S. FOLLOWERS military advice that is available, decided This line of denouncement of interference FIRM U .S. POLICY ENHANCES HOPE FOR POW'S that mines should be planted in shipping with Communist supply lines has been voiced Another aspect of this tragic development channels of enemy ports. The mines have by certain Presidential candidates, by a few is the plight of prisoners of war. Those who befuddled Senators; by some House members; criticize the U.S. for interfering with the in­ been installed. That action is not now a by Jane Fonda and Dr. Spock. In addition, I vasion of the South don't like to tt..lk about debatable issue. It is a reality, already should add Gus Hall and Mme. Minh-who POWs. When pressed on the subject they consummated. The mining operation, has acted as Hanoi's chief non-negotiator at brush it off by saying once we surrender or and the stepped-up interdiction of other the Negotiation table in Paris. The Madam, totally withdraw all manpower and any fu­ Communist supply lines, is designed to incidentally, by telephone hookup from Paris ture military supplies, the Communists will save American lives and disrupt the 2 weeks ago spoke to 30.000 of her loyal min­ knock themselves out rushing all prisoners enemy's infamous invasion. Regardless of ions who assembled under an enemy fiag in home. Who do they think they are kidding? Kezar Stadium in San Francisco. How stupid can people be anyhow? Don't one's views about the war or the strategy She told her faithful California followers to they know that last year President Nixon, in employed, the decision having been made, demand that President Nixon stop interfering secret talks by Dr. Kissinger. offered the it becomes the duty of all responsible with their precious supply lines. to set a day­ enemy total withdrawal, a day-certain, resig­ Americans to solidly support this action. certain, and install a Communist as President nation of President Thieu, a free election in The significance of the present situa­ of South Vietnam. That was the effect of the the South, and massive economic aid, for a tion was well described in the concluding orders of Hanoi's butcher woman whose in­ cease-fire and a peaceful settlement? But this paragraph of a May 9 editorial which ap­ vading legions are now on a wild rampage of overly-generous offer-probably the most peared in the Washington Evening Star, wholesale slaughter and destruction in South generous peace offer in history-was spurned Vietnam. and repudiated. which stated: Let all Americans understand what these The simple fact is that the only language The point is this and only this: For better protests amount to. They say "Stop the the enemy understands is force. Once those - or worse, the President has taken what he bombing." When they say that they protest Communist warmongers are made to know himself has described as "a decisive action." any U.S. interference with the supply lines they are in for severe punishment and that The die is cast, the Rubicon is crossed. If he which support the invasion and which obvi­ they are not going to be allowed to win that fails, not only he but each of us will be the ously endanger the lives of 65,000 Americans. war in Washington, only then can we hope loser; if he wins, all of us benefit. Under When they say "Stop the Bombing" they are, for meaningful negotiations, and some relief such circumstances, the place of this news­ wittingly or unwittingly, echoing the orders for prisoners. As the matter now stands, the paper is behind the President of the U~ited of Madam Minh. devastation that can be wrought by B-52's States. And we believe that on that firm This protest is not a protest against the war and other bombers and by sea power, con­ ground we will find ourselves in the com­ or against our presence in Vietnam. Our pres­ stitute the only meaningful advantage and pany of the great mass of all Americans. ence is already there, and it is being rapidly bargaining power we have left in the process Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend reduced. Therefore, the only possible validity to bring the war to an end and expedite the that can be attributed to these demands release of POWs. my remarks, I include excerpts from a must be a revulsion against any interference The enemy is risking everything on this speech I made on May 6 to the Reserve with enemy supply lines-because that is one last big drive. Twelve of their 13 divi­ Officers Association at its State conven­ what it is all about. It is one thing to protest sions are now south of the DMZ. All their tion in San Antonio. My remarks were the war. But it is quite a different thing to eggs are in one basket. If they are thrown made prior to the President's announce­ protest interference with a brutal invasion back, experts believe they will never again ment regarding the mining of Haiphong and the protection of American lives which be able to recoup, reorganize, and again pose harbor. The address follows: are endangered. a major threat. The military situation in Vietnam is obvi­ REMARKS BY HON. 0. C. FisHER THREE MILLION IN SOUTH MARKED FOR SLAUGHTER ously serious indeed. The President has said Now, let me refer for a moment to the situ­ too many lives, including Americans, are in­ It is one thing to oppose the war. which is ation in Vietnam, a subject about which you volved to allow the invaders to succeed in are, of course, well informed. As you know, anyone's privilege, but quite another thing this major thrust. He has said appropriate the illegal invasion across the DMZ was an to denounce opposition to an invasion which, steps will be taken to prevent it. We can act of such raw aggression that it caused should it succeed, would involve several mil­ only speculate on what he has in Inind, what even Senator Fulbright to quit calling it a lion human lives in South Vietnam, large force he will apply, should necessity require civil war over there. numbers of whom would undoubtedly be it. We do know that Haiphong, where 80% It would seem important that the public slaughtered-should the Communist invaders of all war supplies are received, is extremely understand that the problems caused by the overrun the South. vulnerable--either from aerial attack, har­ Communist invasion has nothing to do with Let us examine that awful prospect for a. bor blockade or fioating mines. We do know whether we should or should not send peo­ moment. Clark Clifford, when he was Secre­ that the irrigation dikes of the Red River ple to Vietnam. The one and only issue we are tary of Defense, said that should South Viet­ delta are extremely crucial and very vulner­ now dealing with is whether our bombers and nam fall to the enemy, the worst bloodbath able. And we know there are other vital naval craft--which are there-should or in the history of the human race would targets that have heretofore hardly been should not interfere with the enemy supply ensue. touched. Whatever is done deserves solid, lines and provide protection in that way for Many have not forgotten that after Hue united American support. was occupied by the Communist invaders American lives, and also by such means to ENEMY RELIES ON HELP INSIDE UNITED STATES help prevent a Communist takeover of South briefly a few years ago 5700 bodies-men, Vietnam. Some think we should protect women and little children-were dug up I have belabored this subject, but I think American lives and American interests; oth­ from shallow graves, all brutally murdered it is something that should be talked about ers do not. by the North Vietnamese. and the public enabled to better understand Col. Tran Van Doc, a North Vietnamese the implications. The enemy does not dis­ PROTESTERS OPPOSE U.S. INTERFERENCE WITH officer who defected after 24 years in the guise the fact that major reliance is placed ENEMY DRIVE Communist movement, estimated a slaughter on disunity among Americans, to assist them War protests have recently taken on a new of 3 million if the Communists take over. in their infamous plans to slaughter civi­ dimension. Recent outbursts have not been Another defector from the North, Col. Le lians and achieve a military victory. directed at the draft. Nor are they directed xuan Chuyen, who had been in the Com­ It is time for all thoughtful Americans to against being required to do military serv­ munist movement 21 years and who should assess the situation realistically. And it is ice in Vietnam. While a bit hazy, their chief know whereof he speaks, disclosed that 5 mil­ high time for presidential candidates, whose complaint seems to be against the presence lion South Vietnamese are on the Commu­ pronouncements are heard loud and clear of our air force and naval units in South­ nists• "blood debt" list. He said the plan is in Hanoi, to wake up to their responsibilities east Asia, and their use against enemy sup­ to kill 10 to 15 percent of them, imprison as Americans and as candidates for that high ply lines-without which lines the invasion about 50 percent, and subject to balance to office. could not succeed. "thought reform." It follows that in this time of grave peril, While some protests may be in good faith, Many other very knowledgeable people con­ when we are playing for keeps-with so on e becomes very suspicious about motives firm this gruesome prospect of mass butchery. much involved on the outcome of this one when we see demonstrators proudly waving Now, I know some Americans insist it is invasion, that all Americans close ranks, lay en emy fiags. none of our business. They insist that even aside their own views about the war, what­ These people I have described appear to­ though the lives of 65,000 Americans are en­ ever they may be, and give solid support to tally unconcerned about the safety of many dangered, and even though timely inter­ our Commander-in-Chief. He is the only one thousands of Americans WllO are in the proc­ ference with the enemy's supply lines helps we have, and he operates under the majesty ess of being withdrawn. Just why they are protect those lives and at the same time of the American tlag-your flag and my tlag. 17370 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 WHOSE CIVTI... LillERTIES? APOLLO SAGA MAYOR RICHARD J. DALEY CELE­ BRATES IDS 70TH BffiTHDAY HON. JOHN J. DUNCAN HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE OF TENNESSEE OF TEXAS HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF U.LINOIS Monday, May 15, 1972 Monday, May 15, 1972 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, the Amer­ Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Monday, May 15, 1972 ican Civil Liberties Union appears to an editorial in the Friday morning, April Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, today is have become affected by the company it 28, 1972, edition of the Fort Worth Star­ the 70th birthday of the distinguished keeps. Over the past few years the ACLU Telegram does much to sum up not only mayor of Chicago, Hon. Richard J. Daley. has defended many a hypocrit in the our national space program, but also the I am delighted to join his many thou­ name of civil liberties. In most cases, achievements of Apollo 16 and other sands of friends in extending my con­ these individuals have demonstrated lit­ lunar missions. During the Apollo 16 re­ gratulations to him, to his devoted wife, tle or no regard for civil liberties. For turn from the moon Astronaut Young and to his children on the occasion of his example, when the President is shouted quoted Rene Descartes, the 17th century birthday. down with obscenities, whose freedom of French philosopher: I had the honor of serving as director speech should be defended? When There is nothing so removed from us to be of labor in the cabinet of Gov. Adlai "peace" demonstrators destroy another beyond our reach, or so hidden that we can­ Stevenson at the same time that Richard man's property, whose rights have been not discover it. Daley served in the cabinet as director of finance. violated? The hypocricy which runs It is my hope that we will not forget through these acts performed in the these profound words. As we approach Over the years I have seen this re­ name of "civil rights" is rampant. the last lunar mission on the part of the markable man serve with ability and Thanks to the company it keeps, the United States, Apollo 17, we would do dedication the people of our city and our ACLU has lost a proper perspective on well to heed the words brought to us by State. He has made a tremendous con­ its own values. Those who burn, loot, John Young. I commend this editorial to tribution both to the city of Chicago destroy, and shout obscenities have not my colleagues and the general public: and to the cause of better municipal had their civil rights violated. One whose government during his service as mayer hands are full of dirt from the acts of APOLLO SAGA ADDS WEIGHT TO RENE of Chicago over the last 17 years. violence and disruption can hardly claim DESCARTES' WORDS All of his fellow mayors acclaim him as With the return to earth of Apollo 16 the best mayor in the United States, and he is coming into court with clean hands. Thursday, the amazing saga of man's :flights I am enclosing an editorial from the to the moon now moves toward a big mile­ Chicago as the best-run city in the Knoxville News-Sentinel of May 6, 1972. stone. In December Apollo 17 is scheduled United States. Other mayors are con­ This comment unveils the most recent to make the final manned visit to the surface stantly seeking his advice and counsel chapter of the ACLU's passion for de­ of the moon in the Apollo series. toward the solution of their own mu­ fending the "civil rights" of those who The National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ nicipal problems. The people of Chicago are bent on civil riot: ministration has no further plans for manned hold him in the highest of esteem, hav­ lunar missions beyond the one in Decem­ IN THE NAME OF "LmERTY" 8 ing retumed him to office for five terms. ber. And unless the Russians come up with He has thus served longer than any In Washington, D.C., the American Civil a similar project, all the new knowledge of Liberties Union-b.as filed a lawsuit to intimi­ the moon in the immediate future will be other person as mayor of Chicago. date the police. gained through electronic communications Mrs. Annunzio joins me in extending The ACLU, which used to earnestly live and visual study, two processes which have . to him our sincerest congratulations and up to its name, is demanding "compensatory been incalculably advanced by the work on best wishes for many more years of serv­ damages" in behalf of the thousands of the moon performed by American astronauts ice to the people of our city, State, and "peace" demonstrators who a year ago since the day in July 1969 when Neil Arm­ Nation. wrecked automobiles, smashed windows, set strong first set foot on the duSty surface. Two articles about Mayor Daley fol­ fires, blocked traffic and generally raised hob The world of science has found on the in the capital city. moon through the efforts of 26 American low-one written by Edward Schreiber The ACLU lawyers also are asking court astronauts who have flown there in the of the Chicago Tribune and the other injunctions against future arrests for these Apollo series evidence and information that written by Harry Golden, Jr., of the offenses. will affect or transform many areas of sci­ Chicago Sun-Times: The "damages" would be paid, of course, entific thought into the indefinite future. [From the Chicago Sun-Times, May 14, 1972] by the taxpayers, who also were stuck for Before Apollo, science could only guess DAILEY AT 70 TELLS How To FEEL LIKE a couple of million dollars in extra pollee what a visit to the moon would disclose that 40, STAY CHAMP costs as a result of this disorder. would be meaningful to a geologist, astron­ All this is being proposed in the name of omer, bacteriologist, zoologist, physicist, (By Harry Golden, Jr.) civil liberty. biologist, and so on down the long list. The Approaching his 70th birthday Monday, There have been some recent examples of Apollo :flights have answered hundreds of Mayor Daley confided he lifts weights, ped­ similar exercises in "civil liberties." questions for all of them and, thanks to als a bicycle exerciser and punches the big At the University of Pennsylvania, an ad­ radio and television, for all of us, too. bag in the basement of his home. ministration building was seized and con­ Situated as we are right in the middle of The master politician and builder of pub­ fidential files stolen from the offices of uni­ the saga, we tend to overlook much of its lic works and mayor of Chicago for 6,233 versity officials. Cornell University had to get obvious significance. We watch the blast- . days come Monday bantered with regular a court order to remove a gang of "peace" offs, the moonwalks and splashdowns and City Hall reporters in his office and said: demonstrators from a library. Even the Pay leave the analysis to present and future his­ "I feel just as well as if I were approach­ Board in Washington was invaded by a band torians. ing 40." of "May Day" protesters. Even so, occasionally somebody in the pro­ Accounting for this, Daley said, "The Lord The leader of one of these riot-prone out­ gram says something that helps us all get has been good to me, and I must be doing fits, also involved in the Washington disorder a better perspective on its nearly incredible something that I like to do. last year, boldly proclaims that "our strategy scope and accomplishments. "I have no vindictiveness with anyone. I is mass action in the street." On his way back to earth this week, astro­ am thankful to the Lord each day that I The point of the ACLU lawsuits is that all aut John Young did that with a quotation wake up and it is such a nice day. And I am this comes under the head of constitutional from Rene Descartes, 17th Century French thankful to my parents-and to a lOit of rights. But nothing is said about the con­ philosopher and mathematician for whom other people." stitutional rights of Government, university Apollo 16's landing site on the moon was HE'LL CUT A CAKE and civilian merchants to carry on their bus­ named. Daley will shake hands with his depart ment iness, or the right of people to get to work, "There is nothing so removed from us to heads and leaders of the clergy, government, or the right to be secure from property dam­ be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we lab or and business in his fifth-floor City Hall age or burglary, or the right to be safe from cannot discover it," said Descartes. offices Monday morning. He will cut a cake. rocks, bottles and other missiles thrown by "That's the story of our mission so far," Everyone will sing, "Happy birthday, dear hoodlums. Young said, and he could have been speak­ May-or." And, if past years are any indica­ When anarchy can be defended in the ing of the entire U.S. space program, which tion, he will choke up a bit and speak of his name of constitutional liberty, we have come in a few years has reached to fantastic late parents, Michael and Lillian, and his a long way from the concepts of the Found­ .lengths and dis.covered a vast multitude of wife, Eleanor, and their four sons and three ing Fathers. things that were hidden. daughiters. May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1737f Then it will be back to his desk and the "I'll tell you when the time comes,'' he camps this year, this is an important and public business. said. very timely article: On week days, the mayor is in his office He turned again to sports. He plans, at 8 : 30 a.m. Evening appearances often keep through the Mayor's Youth Foundation and KURMAN'S CRUSADE-HE CAMPAIGNS FOR him away from home in his native Bridge­ the Chicago Park District, to reactivate and S .\FER SUMMER CAMPS port till late at night. expand a "baseball school" for boys aged 8 (By Barbara J. Katz) Daley sets the pace as he hastens down to 14, in a program similar to that which Until the summer of 1965 Mitch Kurman hotel corridors to banquet tables, or from was once guided by baseball great Rogers was "just an ordinary guy. All ! was inter­ City Hall across Randolph to the Sherman Hornsby. ested in was enjoying my family, tending to House and his offices as chairman of the Daley said players of the White Sox and my furniture business, and getting away on Cook County Democratic Central Commit­ Cubs will lead the training. week ends and doing a little fishing," he tee, or to the escalator that will take him "We hope to have two leagues,'' he said, recalls. to the Civic Center and a session of the "one on the North Side and one on the South But all that changed that summer, a sum­ Public Building Commission--one of scores Side." He added proudly, "This will be hard mer Mitch Kurman says he will never !orget. of agencies he heads, or effectively names ball." His only son, David, 15, died in a boating the heads of. In his own youth, Daley played second base accident on a camping trip sponsored by an The pace iS neither brisk nor swift, but and catcher with the Hamburgs, a club or­ upstate New York YMCA. David drowned downright speedy. ganized by his ward's Democratic organiza­ when his canoe overturned in the Penobscot CARRIES ATTACHE CASE HOME tion. River in Maine while negotiating whit e-water Far taller and years-younger associates in But his favorite sport was football, because rapids that a forest ranger had warned the government seem to have to break into a half of the rough "body contact,'' he said. boys' camp counselor against tackling. Wasn't his favorite sport really politics? trot to keep up with the rotund figure in ONE CRUSADER, SEVEN LAWS the blue suit. "Football,'' Daley said, "is something like politics." Since that time, Kurman has lee~ a one­ A reporter asked if he tries to relax on man crusade for improved camp safety. He those weekends when no meeting iS sched­ [From the Chicago Tribune, May 15, 1972] has devoted thousands of hours to lobbying uled. congressmen and state legislators, testifying HAILS ExERCISE-DALEY To TURN VIGOROUS 70 Daley grinned. He reached under his desk in congressional hearings, writing articles, and heaved up an enormous attache case. (By Edward Schreiber) delivering speeches, and crisscrossing the "My wife iS going to burn thiS," Daley Well, here it is already, a year later than country to personally investigate dozens of said. "I have been carrying that home all it was last May 14, and, like everybody else, reported camp activities. my life. That iSn't a good habit." Mayor Daley is a year older. The fruits of his efforts to date include Daley said exerciSe is the foundation of A year older? Well, not quite. Actually, his at least six state laws and one Federal law. A his apparent health and continuing zest. birthday iS tomorrow. Today is Mother's Day comprehensive bill on youth-camp safety­ "Exercise is one of the things that every­ at the Daley household, as it is everywhere. the main focus of Kurman's crusade--has one must take," he said. "The human body Tomorrow it is hiS day, when he will be 70. passed the Senate but lost out to a weaker will disintegrate if you don't use it. Unlike many who get to that age, Mayor House version that a Senate-House confer­ "The former commissioner of health, the Richard J. Daley is quite jolly about the idea. ence committee approved last week. great doctor, Herman Bundesen, on the first Eleanor will cook up a boiled dinner and he'll When they sent their son off from their day I was in here (April 20, 1955), said , 'Do eat at home, which is where he likes to eat. Westport, Conn., home that summer of 1965, you do a lot of exercise?' There will be no leftovers tomorrow, you can Mitch and Betty Kurman, like other parents, "I said that, well, I did a lot of sports, but bet on that. simply assumed the camp they had selected lately I wasn't exercising too much. He said, WALKS LAST MILE was safe. They were unaware that, unlike 'Every morning, get on the bicycle and ride other facilities for children, camps in most it.'" The mayor will reach the City Hall about 8:30 a.m., debouching from his chauffeur­ states are under litt:e or no obligation to A reporter recalled that Daley played foot­ meet specific standards of health and safety. ball and baseball with his sons when they driven car and walking the last mile or so, were younger. as is his custom if the weather cooperates. DANGER IN WATER, CARS "Now I play it with the grandchildren," "Exercise, you know, is responsible for my According to the American Camping Asso­ he said. He reached into a desk drawer and good health,'' the mayor said a few days ago ciation (ACA), the largest nonprofit camp­ pulled out a box of baseballs, all autographed when reporters, anticipating his birthday, ing organiz9.tion in the country, 24 states by the players of hiS cherished Chicago White began asking him the customary inane ques­ require no license or set no standards for Sox. tions that come along every year about this operating a camp. Only 21 states inspect camp "These are the balls for the kids (grand­ time. facilities, and only 4 of these evaluate safety children)," he beamed. He couldn't restrain Exercise? factors. Forty-six states have no requirements himself from adding irrelevantly that the "Oh, my goodness yes, exercise,'' said the for counselors or other camp personnel. White Sox have a great team this year. mayor. "Dr. Bundesen told me my first day Summer youth camps are a big and growing Prior to recent years' intense concern over in the mayor's office, back in 1955, that exer­ business. There are 10,500 overnight, day, and security, Daley often walked from home to cise was just great. That is responsible for travel camps nationally. Only about one-third City Hall on pleasant days. my good health." are ACA-certified as meeting minimum He's now a do-it-at-home exerciser. What SHOULD SEE BASEMENT health and safety standards. In 10 years the kind of exercise? One reporter says that the greatest exer­ number of campers has increased 40 per cent, "Bag punching. Bicycle riding. Jumping cise he has ever known the mayor to indulge to nearly 8,000,000, the ACA says. Camp ex­ the rope. Weight lifting." in~xcept for walking that mile to City perts say it is likely that accidents causing Weight lifting? Hall, of course-was to walk into the steam serious injury or death are increasing corre­ "Sure,'' said Daley. "Anyone who doesn't room at the Lake Shore Club. spondingly. do that better not get out of bed. "You should be in my basement-jumping The leading causes of camp fatalities are Did he really have a body bag in the base­ rope, punching the bag, lifting weights, and drownings and automobile accidents. Ap­ ment? an Exer-cycle, too. Anyone who doesn't do proximately 40 children are known to drown "Boxing gloves, too," Daley said. "Want to this had better not get out of bed,'' said the at camps each year. But the true number is come over some morning?" mayor. probably higher, because camp drownings Daley considers diet, too, a key to vigor. are not reported separately from other He's fond of grapefruit and honey in the drownings. The same is true of automobile morning. On his birthday, he speculated, Mrs. accidents, which apparently kill about half Daley will probably prepare "a boiled din­ KURMAN'S CRUSADE as many campers as drownings do. ner" (corned beef and cabbage, potatoes and Nor are firm figures available on the full carrots) . Or she may have ribs, or roast beef. range of camp accidents, both serious and "Mrs. Daley is a very fine cook,'' he de­ HON. PETER A. PEYSER minor. But the Department of Healt h, Edu­ clared, "and I haven't anything to say about OF NEW YORK cation, and Welfare (HEW) estimart;es that it." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 250,000 injuries requiring medical attention The mayor is a nonsmoker and a moderate Monday, May 15, 1972 or restriction of activities for one day or beer drinker. more occur in youth camps each year. Report­ Daley characterized his health as "ex­ Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, I would ing of camp accidents is mostly a matt er of cellent." But he hastened to note that several like to recommend to my colleagues the the camp reporting to the parent s that of his friends, some of them famous, made Johnny bruised his knee or broke his arm. such pronouncements shortly before expiring. following article writter.. by Barbara J. Katz in the May 13 issue of the National The only camp-safet y survey of note took Daley leaned back confidently and as­ place in 1929. That nationwide study, com­ serted, "If the Lord wants you, He will call Observer. The story concerns the health missioned by a group of youth leaders and you. I am ready to see Him if He wants me." and safety problems at summer camps campin g enthusiasts, concluded that 65 per The mayor was asked if he plans to run for throughout this country and one man's cent of all camp accidents could be prevented a sixth four-year term in 1975, as predicted effort to make them better. With over 8 by bett er supervision or higher st andards of by several political associates. million children going off to summer camp maintenance and administration. The 17372 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 study said only one-fourth of accidents at weeks before the bill is ready to go back to will our massive bombings of North and camps could be attributed to the camper's the House and Senate for voting. South Vietnam produce, Mr. Speaker? negligence, and half of these could be pre­ The committee rejected a stronger camp­ vented with more rigorous supervision by safety bill introduced in the Senate by Ribi­ counselors. coff. It would have required the HEW Sec­ Despite those findings, little has been done retary to establish minimum camp-safety STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF THE in the intervening 43 years to legislate standards. States wouldn't have been re­ ARTICLE WRITTEN BY ASSOCIATE health-and-safety standards for camps. Many quired to adopt them, but sizable Federal children, of course, attend safe, well-run grants would have encouraged them to do PROF. WILLIAM A. STANMEYER camps where supervision is firm and acci­ so. "THE CASE FOR A BETTER BAR dent prevention is taken seriously. But camp Kurman and other advocates of strong EXAMINATION" experts say others atJtend camps whose coun­ Federal action were backing an even stronger selors have little knowledge of dangerous bill. Introduced by Representative Daniels waters or woods and whose safety equipment and Peyser, it would have instructed the HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN is in short supply_ HEW Secretary to set standards within a OF NEW YORK "There is a great deal of negligence in this year and required the states to comply with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES field," says Ernest Schmidt, executive direc­ them. tor of the ACA. "Why, you can send your ACA leaders insist that enough Ls known Monday, May 15, 1972 child to a camp in some states and the state to enact Federal standards now. Dr. John Mr. HALPERN. Mr. •Speaker, I would won't even know if the water in the camp is Kirk, a past ACA president and current na­ like to take this opportunity to call an safe to drink." tional board member, says that, "We have a article by Associate Professor William A. DEATH FROM MISJUDGMENTS pretty good idea of what's happening in the camps. Stanmeyer of Georgetown University In one incident at Fremont, Calif., four "We don't need a study to tell us that Law Center to the attention of my col­ years ago, 4 children and a counselor died and kids are being hurt at many camps by a leagues. In that article, which appeared 58 others were injured when the flatbed truck lack of standards," he says. "What we need in the May issue of the American Bar they were riding on overturned on an express­ are minimum safety standards promulgated way. No regulation prohibited the camp from Association Journal, Professor Stan­ by the Federal Government and enforced by meyer suggests, not the elimination of using an open tractor-trailer on a high-speed the states. If by this we can save youngsters' expressway. lives and prevent serious accidents, I'm all the use of bar examinations for the A few years ago seven boys died on a for it." screening of proopective lawyers as ad­ mountain-climbing expedition in the Cana­ RULES FOR PARENTS vocated by Judge Edward Bell, but the dian Rockies sponsored by an Eastern camp. With summer approaching, however, no continuation and improvement of that At 8,600 feet up an 11,000-foot mountain, screening procedure. their leader quit because of altitude sickness law passed by Congress could affect camps and instructed the boys to continue without this year. Camp-safety advocates therefore Judge Bell, in his earlier article, sug­ him. At 9,000 feet an avalanche swept them say that parents still seeking a safe camp gested that completion of an accredited to their deaths. No regulation stipulated that for their youngsters should get the answers law school should entitle a person to persons leading such groups be adequately to these questions: practice law; that the law school with trained in mountain climbing. What are the qualifications of the camp its intimate association with the student director and counselors? Are they experi­ In the accident that claimed the life of over a 3-year period was in a better po­ crusader Mitch Kurman's son, the counselor enced and trained in their specialties? What is the ratio of counselors to campers? sition to observe professional achieve­ leading the canoe trip had previously had a ment; and that bar examinations have ·narrow escape on a river he had been ww-ned The ACA recommends one counselor for against traversing. Kurman sued the camp, every 10 campers over age 8, with more for been and are currently being used as charging that the counselors were inex­ children under 8. devices to prevent certain applicants, perienced, had no life jackets on board, and Does the camp take safety precautions mainly blacks, from practicing law. had no ropes or snubbing poles to guide the around water and near shooting and archery Professor Stanmeyer answers the argu­ canoes away from rocks. He won a $30,000 ranges? ments of Judge Bell pointing out that Do the buildings and grounds appear safe? out-of-court settlement. Does the camp have adequate medical fa­ the intimate association between law FEDERAL LEGISLATION SOUGHT cilities, and does it require medical examina­ schools and students, in most courses, Kurman has brought incidents such as tions and records for all campers? occurs by examination at the end of the these to the attention of a number of state Are sanitation rules followed, and does the course; that with the burgeoning law legislatures e.nd members of Congress. He kitchen appear clean? school enrollments, up over 80 percent believes these accounts were instrumental Does the camp make its accident record over the last deoade, such schools will be in convincing Connecticut legislators to pass available? If not, why not? less well equipped or qualified to take on a camp-safety law and persuading legislators Safety-conscious camp experts realize that the additional responsibility; and that in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Maine, it may never be possible to avoid all camp Connecticut, and New York to pass laws re­ accidents. But they add that parents who the charge of racial discrimination, even quiring that boats carry at least one life make certain that their child's camp is up if true, can be corrected by the elimina­ preserver per passenger. Kurman also helped to par on health and safety will increase the tion of racist examiners. initiate the Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971, likelihood that summer camp will be a Professor Stanmeyer points out that which sets basic standards for boat construc­ youngster's great adventure, not a family's every competitive profession has "its tion, equipment, and operation. great tragedy. moments of truth" and that bar exami­ Late:., Kurman has been campaigning for nations, in addition to the completion of a Federal law that would require all youth minimwn academic requirements, offers camps to meet health and safety standards. a second line of defense against incom­ Congress has mulled several such bills since HOW MANY MORE, MR. PRESIDENT? 1966, when Kurman convinced his home­ petents in the legal profession. Automatic state senator, Democrat Abraham Ribic_off, licensing, as suggested by Judge Bell, of the need for such legislation. Ribicoff's would only harm the profession and bill was followed by a series of bills on the HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL thooe clients such untested attorneys House side, introduced by Congressmen OF NEW YORK would serve. Dominick Daniels of New Jersey, Ben Rosen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I commend this article not only to oth­ thal and Peter Peyser of New York, and others. After three sets of congressional Monday, May 15, 1972 er Members of the House of Representa­ hearings, no bill has yet been approved. tives but also to anyone who is interested Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, last in the legal profession and request that WEAKER BILL GETS NOD week the Associated Press reported from the article be inserted at this point in the Last week a House-Senate coruerence com­ Saigon that since the North Vietnamese RECORD: mittee finally endorsed a. camp-safety bill, offensive started on March 30, a total of but it won't please those who advocate Fed­ THE CASE FOR A BETl'ER BAR EXAMINATION 70 more American planes have been lost (By William A. Stanmeyer) eral standards: It calls for further study in the fighting. In these losses, 64 Amer­ rather than action. Introduced by Rep. J. J. icans have been killed, 18 wounded, and "Christianity has not been tried and found Pickle, Democrat of Texas, it would provide wanting; it has been found hard and there­ for a $300,000 HEW investigation of youth­ 62 more Americans are missing in action. fore not tried."-G. K. CHESTERTON camp safety. This is not the way, Mr. Speaker, to Whatever the merits of Chesterton's aphor­ The bill is attached to the controversial end American involvement in Vietnam ism as an apologia for Christianity. Judge higher-education b111, which is bogged down and to bring home our prisoners of war Edward F. Bell's recent Journal article (De­ while the committee wrangles over differing and the missing in action. cember issue, page 1215) asserting bar exami­ busing amendments. Aides say it may be How many more POW's and MIA's nation uselessness proved, at most, a para- May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17373 phrase of the Chestertonian dictum: bar ex­ text to a problem he asserts he is able to ficiency has been the result of a congeries aminations have not been tried and found handle, so that his abilities may be evaluated. of factors, some irrelevant to our issue; for wanting; but composing and administering Doing a good job here (by, we are agreed, fair example, the poor quality of public school a good examination has been found hard and, and objective standards of measurement) is education offered most ghetto residents. In­ therefore (in some states), not really tried. the definition of "all the successful work ... ner city schools, generally, simply do not With all deference to Judge Bell, I must in three years of law school", not frequent drill students adequately in requisite verbal enter a vigorous dissent from the view that presence in class. skills, and thus, with the use of the usual we should junk the bar examination. The au­ EVERY COMPETITIVE PROFESSION HAS ITS testing mechanism, the selection of law tomatic licensing of the graduates of all law MOMENT OF TRUTH school applicants may well be imbalanced schools, no matter their low averages, no mat­ in favor of middle-class students. ter the quality of the school-itself a shifting Every competitive profession has its final Let us acknowledge that the deficiency has thing in an era of academic upheaval-can moment of truth-the day, chosen by cir­ been due, at times, to discriminatory intent, only harm the legal professional and the cli­ cumstance or one's adversary as often as by a prima facie case for which Judge Bell makes ents untested lawyers will serve. one's own convenience, when the competitor out in his discussion of the Pennsylvania The Bell position has three main thrusts: must perform. No good purpose is served by practice. This particular does not prove the first, bar examinations don't work; second, insulating neophyte lawyers from this harsh universal. It is a non sequitur to contend they are racist; third, law schools are better fact of life. that because three or four states invidiously equipped to make the final judgment on the However, often there are equitable reasons discriminate, all states should discontinue candidate anyway. why one failed to perform up to his abilities. examining. Sickness, emotional pressures, mistake of DOES THE BAR EXAMINATION "WORK"? Even if all bar exaininers were racists time or place are some common excuses. Al­ which is doubtful, this fact only would prove Judge Bell says "the Michigan bar exami­ though lawyers must learn to control their that we should drop those examiners, not nation is designed to test only one thing, emotions and minimize their mistakes, it is the examination. The examination process knowledge of Michigan law. I would never unfair to the neophyte to allow no excuse for is, or can be made, ethically neutral, an im­ concede that as serving a useful purpose." poor performance and to require, as is usual­ provement that should not be difficult given Such a remark is disturbing; for one may ly the case, a six-month wait for a second try the "one shot" nature of the test and the presume that the majority of those taking the at the examination. For the student who ease of alternative identification procedures Michigan bar do intend to practice in Michi­ flunks the first attempt, additional exam such as numbers assigend by computer. gan, where, one would think, they will hold periods should be offered at monthly inter­ If the American Bar Association can pre­ themselves out of the public as having some vals so that he can try again as soon as he serve the anonymity of essay contest entrants knowledge of Michigan law. Although, as judges himself able. The numbers would and city newspapers the anonymity of crime­ Judge Bell urges, it may be better to attempt not be great and the logistics easily man­ suspect tipsters, devising workable methods to test "an applicant's achievement or his ap­ aged. of anonymous exainination should not be titude"-prescinding from the subtle ques­ Fourth, Judge Bell believes that, "At best, beyond human ingenuity. we Inight experi­ tion, how achievement and knowledge differ­ the [bar] examination is a test of one's ment with a system in which examinees ran­ in this era of consumer protection it should memory." It is, in part. But so are the very domly draw from a box a gummed label not be unfair to protect the clients, who ex­ law school examinations Judge Bell extolls. marked in three sections with the same pect the licensed attorney to have demon­ Yet both examinations can be, and I would number, affix one number to their paper, strated a minimum acquaintance with the venture to say usually are, much more: a keep the duplicate original and mail the law about which he will give advice. test of ability to analyze and marshal facts, triplicate original to an escrowee who by Of course, the answer is to design a bar ex­ reason logically, argue cogently and write order of court will not even open the en­ amination that does test achievement and clearly. Judge Bell overstates the memory velopes until after scores are published next aptitude, as well as measure knowledge of dimension of the bar examination; such to each number. Many variations easily can local law. In the meantime, the state ex­ fields as commercial paper and taxation, be­ be devised. amination motivates the student of a "na­ irig code courses, may stress memory. But The incidence of blacks failing bar ex­ tional law school" to direct some attention exaininations in common law courses and aininations at a higher rate than whites to a given state's law before he starts advising such a crucial field as constitutional law must be because of (a) pure chance, (b) clients there. One would think this is "a" use­ need not, should not and probably do not. deliberate examiner intent, (c) a "culturally ful purpose. If an examiner constructs a test that is "just biased" exam, or (d) deficiency in writing In the second column of his article, Judge a question of how many facts one could cram and legal skills. Bell hints he thinks so, too; he refines his in [to his mind] ... and then put down attack by saying that the bar examination on paper", he is a terrible examiner. Once CULTURAL DEPRIVATION MIGHT CAUSE BLACKS .Js scarcely the apt means to achieve this again we are reminded of Chesterton's dic­ TO FLUNK purpose. First, he says, a practicing lawyer tum about hard tasks not really being tried. A "culturally biased" examination is one is not as qualified as an academician to cor­ Fifth, a cognate objection is the "twenty­ which premises high scores, usually, on ver­ rect the examination. This is possible, al­ minute time limit on the answer." Again the bal skills generally associated with white, though no proof is offered; and many schools point is overstated, because a three-hour middle- or upper-class academic experiences, have practicing lawyers teaching as lecturers period spread among nine or ten questions and these skills and experiences are, argu­ or adjuncts. The answer is: get more aca­ does admit a good deal more flexibility than ably, irrelevant to the measurement of a stu­ demics as correctors. a fixed amount allowed indiscriminately for dent's basic legal abilities. Such a bar ex­ Second, he criticizes the lack of bar ex­ each question. But once more the main reply amination would likely flunk out a higher aminer contact with the student. The point is that it need not be this way. Every exami­ percentage of blacks than whites, even has some merit. The addition of an oral ex­ nation must have some time limit, yet it though the former might be "really" just amination argument or interview would would not be too hard to give the students as knowledgeable or apt as the latter; make theoretical sense. Sadly, the logistics an extra hour for their ten questions. And and they would show it if we had a dif­ render this impossible, unless the examina­ perhaps more examiners should remind stu­ ferent testing mechanism. Some persons tion were given monthly to randomly chosen dents of law professors' experience. Student have felt this stricture should be directed smaller groups, and the number of examiners writing is often in inverse proportion to stu­ against the law school admission test. was greatly increased. But it is not entirely dent thinking. Judge Bell offers solid evidence that (a) accurate to suggest that there is a high de­ Finally, since bar examinations fail to weed is not the main reason; and he offers a good gree of examiner-examinee intimacy in the out all the grossly incompetent lawyers, we deal of evidence that in some states (b) law schools themselves. They are bulging at are urged to let the marketplace decide, by is the (only?) reason. He does not really the seams with students who in many schools a kind of social laissez faire. Skipping the address himself to (c) and (d) . This omission are anonymous both during the semester and question of protecting the public (with apol­ is unfortunate, because hyperemphasis on when being examined. ogies to Ralph Nader), it is curious that the the alleged racism of bar examiners may dis­ Third, Judge Bell makes the "one-bad-day­ presence of incompetents among us should tract from a deeper question: is an essay blows-it-all" complaint. Again, the point has be adduced as evidence that we should license examination that puts a premium on a some merit, although in contrasting three everyone who graduates from every law certain style of thought and composition years in law school with a three-day bar ex­ school. For these incompetents fooled their unfair to examinees who have had relatively amination Judge Bell has shifted the com­ teachers, evaded the school examination little or no cultural support for these skills paranda: the "performance" in law school in screening and are living proof that the in their formative years? most courses, except seminars, occurs on schools, with all their supposed intimacy This inquiry is at the core of the problem, exams. So we are comparing about twenty ex­ with the students, are just as fallible as the not the "absence of black bar examiners" amination days to three. And one might just bar examination. But it should be clear that vel non, a reproach tossed in by Judge as well argue the same of the school. Why, two lines of defense against incompetents Bell. Indeed, on reflection one can only be after spending a diligent semester, should a are better than one. shocked that anyone seriously could sug­ student get no course credit because of some gest improving the examination by changing fortuity such as a sleepless night? The re­ MUST THE EXAMINATION BE RACIALLY the color of the examiners. How would multi­ sponse must be that at some fixed point or BIASED? plying the black exa:rniners even tenfold en­ other the apprentice must assemble all his Let us start from common ground. There able more black examiners to pass? Either skills and apply them in a controlled con- are not enough black lawyers, but this de- the former know the latters' identity and give 17374 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 them special treatment, a practice Judge suggested. At this point we should go a step prehensive", oral final or research disserta­ Bell rightly condemns, or the examiners further and dare to speak of a situation of tion. Public confidence in the legal profes­ would not know examinee identity, and the which the practicing legal profession is only sion is not very high; how will it be increased color of either group would not matter. dimly aware. by dropping the profession's only "compre­ "FLEXIBLE STANDARDS" LEAD TO PURSUIT OF Legal education is changing rapidly, but hensive" examination and by licensing every­ BLACKS not all the changes are for the good. The one who manages to pile up, over three to five problem is not to throw the baby out with years, about eighty credit hours? Judge Bell asks how it is that blacks who the bat h water. Nowadays perhaps a third or a fourth of passed all their law school courses still Some of the guod changes, in my judg­ those credits in many schools may be gained could flunk the examination. His insufficient men t, are the increased incidence of "clini­ in esoteric courses such as women's lib law answer is that the examiners are racists. cal" courses; the new willin gn ess to ac­ and ecology law. These offerings can have There are, however, other possibilities that commodate legitimate student desires; the merit; if the professor develops solid content deserve exploration. Besides the cultural expanding elective offerings which give stu­ a n d requires intellectual rigor, they are a deprivation syndrome-which, I repeat, has dents more choice in the last two years; curriculum improvement. But the bar exam­ nothing to do with race save insofar as poor the poverty-related courses at last bringing ination deals with the more traditional sub­ people, usually minorities, are victims of it-­ some legal services to the poor; the thrust jects, with which it is reasonable to expect a there are the new "flexible standards" in of minority recruitment efforts. licensed attorney to demonstrate an ac­ many law schools.1 Awakening in the 1960s Some of the harmful ohanges, in my judg­ quaintance, not only in his first year of law to their exclusion of blacks, many conscience­ ment, include: dismantling the grading sys­ school, but also in his first year entering stricken schools moved rapidly to redress the tem in many schools, so that now a stu­ practice. Thus the bar examination protects imbalance by an almost frenzied pursuit of dent's transcript is senseless, a quality pro­ a certain core of learning, the existence of black applicants. Although an energetic spective employers often assume is the stu­ which channels the schools' approach to law "minority recruitment" policy is an excellent dent's; lack of adequate faculty supervision and helps school and student alike restrain idea, it is an unfortunate fact that dispropor­ in some clinical courses; smorgasbord elec­ their restless eagerness for exotica. tionately fewer blacks attend college. And tives that are more sociology or politics than Drop the bar exam and the last barrier to a those who do are, because of their higher law; a cavalier treatment of examinations faddist "relevance" is gone. The result is like­ frequency poverty background, often as dis­ that leads to severe ethical problems for ly to be a proliferation of ad hoc social-con­ advantaged in college as they were in high many students; faculty reluctance to ask cern courses, only some of which are merito­ school. The upshot was that there were not anything of students that might be difficult rious. Whether there's a Gresham's Law in as many qualified blacks as the law schools (such as class attendance, timely submis­ curricula, I do not know; that ice cream is wanted. sion of papers or taking examinations with­ more tasty than meat and potatoes is cer­ The law schools had two choices: cut back out books and notes) . tain. The need to pass a bar examination on minority admissions or cut down the It goes without saying that all these motivates students to balance their intellec­ standards for admission. Most chose the sec­ faults do not appear in every school. Nor is tual diet. Both for the student and the pub­ ond course, thus shifting the moment of there unanimity that all these develop­ lic this is a useful purpose. truth-"sink or swim"-from the applica­ ments, as I have asserted, are "harmful". In a permissive age, many students climb tion stage to the law school examination But the changes are occurring and bear on the academic ladder with an ease that de­ stage. Then, insufficiently prepared (a defi­ our question. ceives them about the harder realities be­ ciency partly the law school's fault), a high Concretely, if a school employs a "pass; yond the womblike comforts of academia. As proportion of blacks flunked out. For ex­ fail" grading system or some equivalent, undergraduate uncertainties and malaise ample, a few years ago a major northeastern wherein de facto 98 per cent pass, does it spread into law schools, the curricula, teacher law school admitted thirty "minority group adequately screen its students, or automat­ attitudes and student expectations from the people", and upwards of twenty-seven failed ically dump them, after three years, onto college years enter as well. The campus mood the first year.2 One may assume, although the public? The same question may be asked is suspicious of competition, and some young there is no proof, that some of these failures if professors insist on expressing their dis­ professors make fun of such "bourgeois vir­ were the contrivance of biased professors. content with the grading system by giving tues" as hard work and self-discipline. Yet That this assumption is not a complete ex­ high grades to everyone, regardless of merit. the legal profession demands just that-­ planation, however, may be argued from the If a school promotes a "social policy" ap­ competitive, even comba.ta.tive, work. Al­ twin facts that most major urban law school proach to law to the exclusion of other con­ though the bar examination is imperfect, it faculties are overwhelmingly liberal on civil cerns, has it graduated lawyers or political does demand laborious preparation and is a rights questions, and that many faculties theorists? far more realistic training than moot law and individual teachers repeatedly agonize If professorial policy is to make academic school tests. over how to keep a marginal minority stu­ life as easy as possible for law students, how Finally, with more students from State A dent in. does this prepare young lawyers to deal with attending law schools in State B, without a To redeem themselves and repay the stu­ judges and opponents not similarly inclined? bar examination State A has no evidence at dents for time and tuition, the schools has­ These questions and others suggested here­ all that bar applicants know the slightest tened to institute tutorial and remedial pro­ in should be sufficient to raise some doubts iota about its laws, particular rules or law grams. Simultaneously the decision evolved about law schools' current prowess in de­ reform efforts. It would have only the reputa­ in many schools to discount exarninatiton ciding who should be lawyers. At the core tion of a law school in another jurisdiction. performance as much as possible and even of my concern is the conviction that law Moreover, as the review of applicants by char­ to construe the examination as such an im­ schools today are further than ever from acter and fitness comm-ittees is usually a pro precise tool as to be meaningless. "Flexible applying a uniform measuring standard of forma appendage to the examination proc­ admission standards" - have sometimes either professorial expectation or student ess, it is likely that abolition of the exam­ evolved into flexible grading standards. The performance. Educational philoshophy, like ination will entail a concomitant abolition normative question whether this is good or cultural norms, is quite balkanized. The bar of any character and fitness inquiry. Many bad is beside the point, which is the descrip­ examination provides a valuable counter­ who view the inquiry as uselss ritual would tive observation that it is so. weight to the centrifugal forces pressing welcome such a development. But we should It may be that flexible admission stand­ academia in all directions. One can well fear not back into it without deliberation. There ards plus flexible grading result on occasion that by casting out the bar examination not is a "legal federalism" as well as a polit ical in the graduation of students only margin­ only will we not exercise the Zeitgeist, but one. The sta.tes may well ponder abdicating ally equipped to deal with the bar examina­ will actually open the door to seven worse what slight influence they now have over the tion. If so, we may have to open Pandora's demons. legal and ethicaJ qualities of members of box and discuss both legal education stand­ THE EXAMINATION HAS MERITS their Bars and the yielding of it to law ards and the problem of what I have called schools sometimes half a continent away. To prepare for a single, three-day test, Judge Bell's attack on the examinat ion the "culturally biased" examination. Surely students are forced to " put it all together". one can contend that social policy warrants system in principle and in practice and my It has been three years for day-school stu­ defense of the principle both stem from law school adjustments and bar examination dents, longer for those in night school, since changes. But social policy, not to mention sincere concern for the profession and for they took contracts, torts, property and pro­ minority groups long excluded therefrom. plain reasonableness, also mandates more cedure. They have forgotten a lot, and ap­ discussion before we simply blame the I join his condemnation of racial injustices pellate decisions have changed much state and anachronistic practices, but we can sep­ examiners. law. It makes good sense to require a profes­ arwte both from the testing system. The task SHOULD LAW SCHOOLS BE THE SOLE JUDGE? sional both to "see the big picture" and to may be ha.rd, but if we fail to try, it will be Since someone must decide who is fit to be up to date. Few will review all their ourselves, not the principle of examinations, courses with an eye to recent decisions and who are found wanting. practice law, unless we are to license all col­ course interrelation save to prepare for a re­ lege graduates, Judge Bell wants it to be quired exam. FOOTNOTES the law schools. That most of the mecha­ It would be ironic if lawyers, some of whom 1 To judge from the already celebrated trial nisms the schools would use are little better liken themselves to physicians or Ph.D.s, court case of DeFunis v. Odegaard, Superior than the bar examination has already been could someday achieve the title "Doctor" Court, County of King, Stalte of Washington, without the challenge of either pre-med and Case No. 741727 (September 22, 1971), many Footnotes at end of article. int ernship or, as with the Ph.D., the "com- minority representat ives who test inferior a.re May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17375 nonetheless admitted to law schools. In this of a.ction will make that dream a reality for Mr. Conlan's conclusion: "All that grief case the trial court held that Mr. DeFunis, all Amerioa.ns. and confusion for one-tenth of a percentage who had an excellent college record and high Our prayers go with you and thank you for point improvement over free markets!" law school admission test scores, but who acting strongly in our behalf. While analysts tend to minimize the im­ was denied law school admission while Sincerely yours, portance of the administration's control minority applicants with lower scores were LEONARD L. BAUGUESS, Jr. program, they do attach considerable signif­ accepted, was denied equal protection under icance to other factors, some of which are the Fourteenth Amendment. However this the indirect result of Mr. Nixon's economic case is resolved on appeal, it is common policies. Foremost among such factors is the knowledge that minority admissions policies AN UPDATE ON INFLATION sla.ck condition of the economy. An unusual have become flexible. amount of slack-in both machine-power 2 See also 1 Balsa Repom Newsletter 9 and manpower-still exists even though the (September 1971) : "From our underground recovery is about a year-and-a-half old. And news sources it appears that Wayne State HON. RICHARD T. HANNA it's generally agreed that this slack derives [law school] is having a lot of problems. It OF CALIFORNIA largely from the Nixon administration's appears that the Wayne State administration efforts in 1969 to slow the economic pace. In is systematically flunking out brothers in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fa.ct, a full-fledged recession occurred be­ large numbers. For example, last year, out of Monday, May 15, 1972 tween the fall of 1969 and late 1970. 23 Black law students or thereof [sic]. 15 or EVIDENCE OF ELBOWROOM so brothers flunked out. However, due to Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, the atten­ some aggressive a.ctions on the part of the tion of the Congress and the Nation is This economic slack can be gauged in var­ brothers, most of them were readmitted. This still very much preoccupied with the ious ways. About 25% of the nation's produc­ year, it seems that Wayne State is doing the battle against inflation. I am sure that tion capa.city is curently idle, an extraordi­ narily large percentage for so long after the same thing. Perhaps what is happening a.t · my colleagues in the House will find the Wayne State is indicative of what is happen­ enclosed article from the Wall Street start of a business recovery. Close to 6% of ing 8Jt other schools. We are watching the labor force is jobless, again a remark­ Wayne State." Journal helpful in assessing our current ably high figure. Economists estimate that standing and our immediate prospects the so-called gap between actual and poten­ for the future : tial gross national product has been running CURBING INFLATION: ANALYSTS ·CLAIM EFFORTS at an annual rate of about $50 billion. In THE PEOPLE OF LOCKPORT, N.Y., IN TO SLOW RISE IN PRICES ACHIEVE LIMITED early 1969, in contrast, actual GNP exceeded SUCCESS the nation's estimated economic capacity by FAVOR OF ADMINISTRATION'S more than $4 billion, indicating a severe over­ LATEST MOVES IN VIETNAM (By Alfred L. Malabre, Jr.) straining of economic resources. How fares the battle against inflation? Such slack will permit business to expand Worse than most planners in the Nixon ad­ briskly for many months without any danger ministration care to admit. But not as badly of 1969-style inflation, many economists HON. HENRY P. SMITH III as many critics of Mr. Nixon's economic man­ OF NEW YORK predict. · agement contend. Some analysts contend, moreover, that any IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As the administration's wage-price control reduction in economic slack in coming Monda11, May 15, 1972 effort nears the nine-month mark, this is the months would a.ctually serve to reduce in­ picture that emerges from private economists flationary pressure. A reduction in the Mr. SMITH of New York. Mr. Speaker, who keep a close tab not only on bare price amount of idle plant capacity, for instance, at this time, I wish to include in the REc­ statistics but on more fundamental develop­ would tend to speed up the hourly output ORD, a copy of a letter I have received ments that ultimately can affect price tags. of factory workers. Any productivity speed­ from Leonard Bauguess, Jr., program Almost no one now believes that the overall up, in turn, would tend to reduce unit labor in rate of inflation can be brought down to the costs, which in recent years have been a director of WUSJ radio Lockport, administration's original goal of between 2% prime element in the inflation problem. N.Y. in my district. During a recent radio and 3 % annually by the end of 1972. Rather, Robert H . Parks, chief economist of East­ talk show, Mr. Bauguess informs me that many analysts look for a year-end rate of man Dillon, Union Securities & Co., is among of 134 respondents to the question, "Do roughly 4%, or a shade less. At the same time, analysts who believe that "surprisingly" you support President Nixon's announced however, almost no one anticipates a return large productivity increases will show up as action-to end the Vietnam conflict with anytime soon to the disastrously rapid rates the business expansion progresses. These in­ honor?"; 108 persons responded in favor of price increase--exceeding 8% in some creases should bring "a slowing of unit labor with only 26 opposed. As a result of this months-that occurred in 1969 and 1970. costs in the year ahead," he predicts, adding Ironically, this view that the effort to curb that "the worst of inflation is over." In the poll, Mr. Bauguess wrote the President inflation will be neither resoundingly suc­ first quarter, productivity among workers in to inform him of the results. The con­ cessful nor a total failure attaches little private businesses rose at an annual rate of tents of that letter follow: importance to the administration's much­ 2.1 % , after seasonal adjustment. Most ana­ MAY 10, 1972. publicized control program. Private analysts lysts anticipate sharper increases as the year President RICHARD M. NIXON, generally feel that the regulator bureaucracy, goes on. White House, at the most, can exert only a marginal in­ A LIGHT LABOR CALENDAR Washington, D.C. fluence on the long-run course of prices. Happenstance should also serve to hold DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: It is with great satis­ Some economists liken the control effort to down labor costs in coming months, some faction for your effom in our behalf, and squeezing a balloon; you can reduce the analysts say. Fortunately for Washington's renewed pride in the office of the Presidency size of one part of a balloon by squeezing on inflation-fighters, relatively few major labor that I write this day. it, but in the process other parts will inevit­ contracts come up for negotiation this year. As a member of the much assailed media ably expand. Major labor contracts covering about 2.8 it is an extreme pleasure to respond to your THE POSTFREEZE BALLOON million workers either expire or contain plea !or public support today. In a straw wage reopening provisions. This is an unusu­ poll, taken live via telephone over radio sta­ The confusing, even bizarre behavior of ally small numoe:r or workers, down from tion WUSJ between 9:15 and 10 :00 AM this some price indexes in recent months-sharp nearly five million in 1970 and again in date the response was as follows: increases one month, almost no change the 1971. In support of the President's address May next-is attributed largely to the wage-price program. Wages and prices were held down Another factor that may limit labor cost s, 8, 1972, 108. some economists claim, is that workers' In negative response to the President's ad­ artificially during last year's "freeze" period, analysis say, and therefore were bound to earnings at long last are climbing in "real" dress May 8, 1972, 26. terms. In dollars and cents, weekly paychecks Total call's received in 34 minutes, 134. balloon in the early postfreeze months. But have climbed without interruption for many We asked the question: Do you support the longer-range impa.ct, it's claimed, will be negligible. years. But because of rising prices and taxes, President Nixon's announced a.ction last the actual purchasing power of the average night to end the Vietnam conflict with Don Conlan, chief economist of Dean paycheck remained approximately flat from honor? We are pleased to be able to share Witter & Co., estimates, for example, that 19J5 through late last year. Since then, how­ our small poll from a small segment of Amer­ wholesale prices are about where they. would ever, "real" pay has begun to increase brisk­ icans in Western New York. Our phones were have been without any control program. ly, finally rising well above 1965 levels. Projecting trends evident before the imposi­ jammed during the polling period, and with If these gains in purchasing power con­ certainty many more would like to have been tion of controls on Aug. 16, the economist t inue, labor's pay demands will gradually included. reckons that the wholesale price index in slacken, some analysts claim. "It's when you The people of our area reflect my own March would have stood at 117.5 % of the see that your pay isn't keeping pace wit h sentiment. We want all of our servicemen, 1967 average. The actual ·March level, after prices and taxes that you pound hardest on including the prisoners held by the Hanoi a big jump in February and a very small in­ the bargaining table," remarks an economist regime home. We are confident your course crease in March, was 117.4 %. at Chase Manhattan Bank. 17376 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 HON. GEORGE WALLACE auction. Even so, it seeinS to us that given the electorate those characteristics that have the configuration of delegate strength at this made the Governor himself so thoroughly point, the scenario is at least worth consider­ unacceptable as a major influence on a great ing, as is the larger matter of Governor Wal-:­ political party. Senator McGovern wisely and HON. JOHN R. RARICK lace's role in the party proceedings as a cannily made the distinction after the Flor­ OF LOtnSIANA whole. ida primary when, unlike Senator Muskie LN" THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Assume, then, a Humphrey-McGovern who excoriated the Walla.ce voters, he made deadlock and a potential swing blpc of several a point of crediting their discontents and in­ Monday, May 15, 1972 hundred Wallace delegates, all of whom have viting them to supoprt a candidate who Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, my wife been freely and properly selected under the meant to deal with those discontents hon­ Party's new reform procedures. Assume, too, orably and effectively. These two evident im­ and family join with the people of my that Governor Wallace is in a mood and a po­ per_atives concerning attitudes toward and district in offering our prayers for sition to have a go at his swingman role. treatment of the Wallace contingent fiow George Wallace and extend our sym­ Two questions then arise-and they are ques­ from the simple imperatives of a democrati­ pathy to his wife, his bereaved family tion s that have been hovering, troublesome cally organized nominating process. It is not and his people of Alabama. But now in and unanswered, over the fight for the nomi­ really within the power of other candidates our time of national son·ow, we must nation ever since Governor Wallace began or Party hierarchs to confer legitiinacy on not forget to face the simple fact of life­ to display his considerable strength. One is: Governor Wallace or to deprive him of it: things do not just happen; they are how are the Democrats, a huge proportion of the legitimacy of his claim will be a direct whom regard the Governor as a renegade, a product of the size of the vote he is able to caused. Something provoked the deplor­ racist and a pariah, to deal with Mr. Wallace amass bet ween now and Mia.Ini able shooting of Governor Wallace. and his supporters? The other is: what does None of this suggests to us 'that the fight Amidst the tumult and the shouting re­ the Governor really want, what--to put it against Governor Walla.ce should be gingerly sulting from the tragic shooting of the crudely-might be his terms? or half-hearted. On the contrary, according Governor of Alabama, a candidate for As they used to say on those now-defunct him his democratic due seems to us to carry the Democratic nomination for the quiz shows, we will try to answer the second with it the simultaneous obiigation to wage Presidency of the United States, here part first--largely because, hard as it is, it an all-out battle against his success. In this within the shadow of our Nation's Capi­ is the easier question. Our suspicion is that connection, incidentally, we do not think it Governor Wallace, improbable as it may seem a bit too early for people to inspect the im ­ tol there is one evident truth-the role to some, wants exa.ctly what he has said he plications of glossing over enormous differ­ of the Nation's news media jn inflaming wants: an audible voice and a visible presence ences in political position with the newly people, possibly even to the point of an in national Democratic Party affairs, a de­ fashionable term, "populism." At some point , attempt at political assassination. monstrable influence on the Party's platform and sooner than later, one would hope, the Consider the inflammatory effect of a and a demonstrable hand in the selection of candidates-and especia1ly Senator McGov­ recent lead editorial in the largest news­ its ticket. In many respects, this is the most ern-would set about nefining more clearly paper of our Nation's Capital, a paper difficult prize he could seek to extract from some of the distinctions between Governor the Democrats. Unlike some squalid charge­ Wallace's appeal and proinise and their own. which has wide distribution in the area a.ccount arrangement concerning subsequent He is, in some respects, get ting a free ride of Maryland where Governor Wallace patronage and perks, it really matters. And from the other candidates, and there is some was wounded. unlike some grandiose demand for a reversal prospect that the magnitude of his Miami I insert the article at this point in the of position on great national issues to which st rength will have been enhanced by some RECORD: the Party has been and continues to be com­ of their actions. [From the Wa&hington Post, May 12, 1972] mitted--questions of raee, for example-it is Governor Wallace needs to be defined. His within the power of the Party to give. More­ constituents need to be persuaded away. Con ­ THE PRIMARIES: AND THEN THERE WERE over, to the extent that Governor WaJla.ce ceivably the Democra.ts will profit from a THREE may enjoy a position of strength at the con­ demonstrably open and combative and dem­ A lot haS happened since we last looked in vention as a direct result of popular senti­ ocratically ordered convention in which the on the Democratic primaries in the wake of ment democratically expressed, his claim to Wallace forces have been seen to have had a senator Muskie's defeats in Ma.ssa.chusetts recognition and participation and influence fair shake. But the only way in which that and Pennsylvania. Subsequent contests have on behalf of his constituents grows. The op­ image of the finale, with Governor Wallace on been held in Ohio, Indiana, Tennessee, North erative image in all this-one which the the platform, makes any sense to us is as carolina, West Virginia, Alabama and Ne­ imagination continues to resist and eject the picture of a man who has been fairly braska. Senator Muskie and Senator Jackson from focus--is that of the nominee, George denied his policy aiinS, who has come to terms have 'both more or less withdrawn from the McGovern or Hubert Humphrey or some with the better purposes of his party-and race. And all three principal survivors of the other, standing there with George Corley not the other way around. ordeal-Senators Humphrey and McGovern Walla.ce's arm draped around his shoulder, and Governor Wallace-have demonstrated while the band plays "Happy D~.ys Are Here special strengths along the way, each having Again." acquired considerable delegate support or a.t If you believe, as we do, that this kind of THE PROBLEM OF VIETNAM least the prospect of it. recognition, along with some conspicuous What has thus begun to emerge from the impact on the convention's decisions, is Gov­ mists of confusion is one possible scenario ernor Wallace's immediate aim, and if you for Miami Beach. Still broad in its outlines also believe, as we do, thwt he personally em­ HON. FRED SCHWENGEL and vague in its detail, it is the possibility bodies a collection of prejudices, smallbore OF IOWA that Governor Wallace will come to the Dem­ hatreds and jagged perspectives on the world IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ocratic National Convention in roughly the that should be repudiated rather than hon­ same position he sought to achieve in the ored, then you will recognize the dilemma Monday, May 15, 1972 electoral college in 1968-namely, as a po­ posed by his presence in Miami. How should tential kingxnaker, a man controlling a bloc the Democratic Party respond to his claim? Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, to­ of votes sufficient to break a deadlock be­ This is the truly hard question, although day during the quorum call I was ab­ tween two candidates, neither of whom could a couple of easy, negative answers spring to sent because I had an appointment with get the nomination without his assistance. mind. For one thing, it is both stupid and Mr. John Irwin, Under Secretary of To be sure, any number of circumstances outrageous, in our view, that Party officials State, to discuss with him some of the could intervene between now and then to here and there are already talking about vio­ problems iri foreign affairs and espe­ render this prospect unlikely: one of the lating their own sta.te election laws and the cially the problem of Vietnam. Mr. other two candidates could achieve so com­ Party's new rules to Ininimize the representa­ Speaker, I came away believing that manding a lead as to ensure that the neces­ tion of Governor Wallace on state delegations sary support would come over from quarters and the prerogatives of his delegates once there was genuine concern in the State not identified with Governor Wallace; the there. If the Party reforms are to mean any­ Department about Vietnam and I believe sizable number of uncommitted delegates thing, if their credibility is to be sustained, there is some comfort in those who are now expected at the convention could be then Governor Wallaee must receive every­ open minded and willing to consider pried loose or conceivably even mobilized by thing to which he is legally ellltitled and so other options and propositions that may some fourth force (Southern governors come must his.a.ccredited delega.tes. Politically, we be offered by this administration's lead­ to Inind, despite Terry Sanford's dismal show­ suspect, as well as morally, this is the only ership and comforting to know that they ing in North Carolina the other day) so that wise course: the fight against him must be the winner would not necessarily be beholden honorable and must be seen to be honorable. are willing to listen to Members of Con­ to Governor Wallace; the Governor himself A second negative injunction has to do gress who have deep convictions about Inight do badly from here on out, thus re­ with not categorically imputing to Governor Vietnam that may be in variance with ducing his chances to conduct a presidential Wallace's delegates or ·rus supporters among the administration's present position. May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17377 McGOVERN'S OWN EDITORIAL " ... peace advocates heartsick over Viet­ men can s~ir the imaginations of the rest nam and our bloated defense budget of mankind only so long as they remain " . . . women rightfully demanding full free and are willing to bear the burdens HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL equality with men of freedom. OF n.LINOIS ". . . small farmers being driven off the land by giant agribusiness. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES " . .. idealistic young people fighting for a Monday, May 15, 1972 better future " ... Blacks, Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, In­ ARTHUR BURNS OUTLINES THE Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, one of the dians and other minorities ESSENTLALS OF INTERNATIONAL Democratic candidates for the Presi­ " ... blue-collar workers squeezed by cold­ MONETARY REFORM dency, Senator GEORGE McGOVERN, has war inflation and taxes done much better in the primaries than ". . . environmentalists and zero-popula­ many political pundits had predicted. tion-growth advocates fighting to save our HON. HENRYS. REUSS planet before it's too late OF WISCONSIN The Senator's press secretary has said " ... consumer advocates demanding qual­ that McGovERN has received many votes ity, honesty, and value IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the primaries from "conservatives" " ... civil libertarians alarmed over uncon­ Monday, May 15, 1972 under the mistaken impression that stitutional crushing of crime and dissent McGovERN is really conservative. " ... educators concerned over the auster­ Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, the distin­ An editorial appearing in today's edi­ ity budgets of most of our schools guished chairman of the Board of Gov­ tion of the Peoria Journal Star explodes " . . . enlightened business and professional ernors of the Federal Reserve System, people who want a healthier, happier country. Arthur F. Burns, laid out a thoughtful that myth by quoting from a letter which "Successfully building this coalition within the Senator sent to every member of catalog of the elements he considers vi­ the Democratic party may be our only hope tal in a reformed monetary system in a the ADA soliciting funds. of heading off the Third Party and Fourth I insert the text of the editorial to be Party walk-outs threp.tened by militants of speech May 12 before the 1972 Interna­ placed in the RECORD at this point: the right and left ... won't Y, be It massively out of step in the direction oppo­ Resolved by the Assembly and Senate of on the dangers of drug abuse And the site to that which Nixon-Agnew claim," said the State of California, jointly, That the problem worsens the article by Ben Bagdikian, an assistant Legislature of the State of California urges The following figures represent the managing editor of the Washington Post the citizens of this great state to join in total Federal dollars spent on drug con­ and a commentator on the media. the Nationwide Solidarity Day for Soviet trol and related programs: CXVIII--1096-Part 14 17380 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 [In millions) by a drunken tattooist in the Bowery when wouldn't even let me step on a spider," said 1969 ------$77. 1 George was only 15. He had a Jimmy Cagney Carol. "He said spiders did more important 1970 ------112.4 air about him. You would guess he had been work than people, and when I found one in 1971 ------217.5 a scrapper as a kid, maybe a welterweight the house I'd get Richie to pick it up and 1972 ------474.5 boxer. He always seemed uneasy at rest. In take it outside." When Richie wanted books 1973 ------594 .2 conversations his eyes would dart about a on animals, his father bought them by the room, his hands chopping the air. He was dozens. Richie became almost expert in an­ The cost-benefit ratio on these figures never one to sit at home on Sunday and imal diseases and he personally doctored all is nonexistent. The more money we watch the games. "I only like things that I of his pets. The squirrels in his backyard spend, the worse the problem to get. can do," he would say. Much more to his lik­ would spring onto the new redwood deck and Many of the programs are showing prog­ ing was a hike in the woods or a day of wait for their friend to feed them peanuts target practice at an indoor pistol range. by hand when he got home from school. ress-but the emphasis has been to dis­ He was a good enough marksman to be rated arm the bomb after the explosion. Even when he lost his childhood fat and expert. grew into a well-built lad of 5' 2", 145 A "full-scale" educational effort must They named their first son George, after pounds, with strong legs and a muscled be undertaken in this country within the his father, but to distinguish between the chest, Richie had no interest in sports. school systems to show our young people two, the child quickly became known by his George encouraged him to try wrestling, the psychological and physical destruc­ middle name, Richard. Soon he was Richie. Carol suggested football and baseball. "But tion that "hard drugs" inflict. He was a fine son, with a lusty cry and bright he always refused," his mother said. "He was red hair. George Diener adored him. so insecure. He told me that if he ever got The greater Cleveland area has 33 per­ When Richie was 2, George's new job as cent of all the addicts in the State of on a team and made a mistake that caused salesman for a food company required him to his side to lose, he wouldn't be able to st and Ohio. These are not only the inner city travel each day the far reaches of Long Is­ it." poor but many are young pe9ple from land, from Huntington t• Orient Point, Nevertheless, for the first 15 years of his the suburbs of Cleveland, that are being stopping in on hundreds of grocery stores life, Richie was a satisfying, average boy, very "tragically snagged" in the heroin trap. and restaurants, persuading them to stock much a part of George's ordered life. The fa­ At this time there is no required course his brands of coffees, teas and spices. He ther recognized Richie's insecurity-but what longed to move his wife and son from the 15-year-old is secure, anyway? He accepted curriculum in our high schools that pro­ congestion of a city apartment out into the vide information and films on this cru­ his son's preference for animals over human land. How could a man who had seen the sun friends, tolerated his periods of moodiness, cial social problem. Of the $475 million turn the white cliffs of Dover gold at dawn, his silence, his middling grades, his occasion­ that will be spent in antidrug programs how could a man who had traded a cartoon al breaking of midnight curfew on Saturdays. in 1972, a very small sum will be spent on of cigarettes to an Eskimo for six huge lob­ None of these particularly alarmed his par­ education-the heart of the problem. sters in Greenland raise his own boy on the ents: they seemed the classic probleiDS of It is my hope that the administration anonymous floor of an apartment house? any adolescent. will take whatever steps are necessary to There was no literature in George Dien­ When the first real trouble appeared in the implement such an educational cam­ er's life, no poetry, not even great ambition. summer of 1970, it was therefore as startling Like most men, he was willing to settle for as a crack of lightning on a clear night. Twice paign. Imprisonment is no way to deal ordinary dreaiDS: a woman, some money, a Richie had been away to summer camp, but with our young people's drug problems­ house with land that is owned, trees, work on this, his third session, Carol received a verbal abuse provides no solution-we that does not paralyze the mind, recognition. long-distance telephone call. Richie had be­ must react with education and reason. And, above all, sons. A son is the mirror come disruptive and belligerent with the Mr. Speaker, I would like to call to the image, the blank piece of paper before our counselors. And he had been caught smoking attention of my colleagues an article inkblots soil it, the continuation of life. marijuana. Could his father come immedi­ from the May 5 isue of Life magazine. There is joy in a daughter, but there is ately and get him? power in a son. On the long drive back from the Adiron­ RICHIE George and Carol chose East Meadow in dacks, George questioned his son. Richie said (By Thomas Thompson) the heart of Nassau County, Long Island, it was only "the first, maybe the second time" This is the story of a terrible thing that once a place of potato farms but after World he had ever tried grass. "All the kids were happened between one decent man and the War II the definitive example of exploding ~oing it," he said. "Some brought it up, and son he loved. It took place on a Sunday suburbia. To the young couple who had others found it growing wild in the woods." afternoon in a fine lemon-colored house on a grown up in Brooklyn, there was a delicious He promised never to use it again. maple-lined street hard in the middle of the feel of newness about East Meadow. The The next year, when Richie was a junior American dream. The woman who was wife to houses were new and painted warm pastels, in high sch.:>ol, his grades tumbled. He took the man and mother to the son could only the people young and industrious and-like the nature books and animal pictures that stand by as an agonized witness. the Dieners-politically conservative. Police­ used to decorate his room and put them in Seventeen years ago, on June 6, 1954, their men and firemen from the city were buying his closet. "This is what my son used to be," first child, a son, was born to George Ed­ and moving in, and aircraft workers, and his father said one day to a visitor, pointing ward Diener and his wife, the former carol union men who took off their hard hats and to the forgotten books. "And this is what he Ring. They had been childhood sweethearts turned to pruning rose bushes. East Meadow is now.'• His arm swept the room in bewilder­ in Brooklyn on a row of houses which Carol was 98% white. The sea was near, near ment. remembers as "like the ones you see at the enough to catch a breeze in summer. There Richie had transformed his room into a lair beginning of All in the Fami ly." When peo­ seemed to be a boat in every other drive­ of the coun-wrculture. Ticket stubs from rock ple would ask later how they met, George way. And everybody agreed the schools were concerts were pinned to the window ledge. Diener would grin. "I was lazy," he would excellent. Black light cast an eerie glow on replicas of always say. "I fell for the girl next door." They lived for five years in the first house, rock stars. A game called "Feds n• Heads" During their five-year courtship, Carol fin­ and when a second son, Russell, appeared, it was pinned to the wall. When Richie lay in ished high school and became a receptionist was time to move to a larger one. George had bed, he could look directly ahead at several on Wall Street. But George dropped out and always wanted a basement to store his tools bizarre and frightening drawings, grotesque joined the merchant marines at 16, hoping and do his home carpentry. On Longfellow demons, creatures with bulging eyes, hair to catch a piece of the tail end of World War Aven ue, they found just the house, with a tossed by electrical storiDS, hands of reptiles. II. He sailed the seas for seven years before spacious wooded backyard and room for a One such creature sat in a bathtub of blood, Carol suggested-firmly-that if he wanted pool. holding a dagger. her to marry him, he would h ave to settle Carol remembers that Richie was never Richie had discovered a tiny space, some down and stay at home. happy in the new house. "There was only one six feet long, behind a panel at the back of Carol was petite and red-haired and will­ other little boy on the block, and he moved his closet. He put a cheap mattress in it and ful, like her Scotch and English ancestors. away, and there were only girls around then." took to lying there to escape his parents' She was proud of her family h ist ory and paid Richie was chubby and hated it when the calls. George found the secret place in May girls called him "Fatty." He took refuge, 1971 and decided to dismantle it. He came a genealogist to trace her line back to a 16th­ found friends, in animals. Carol had had a across a small cube of something brown century Norman knight. George counter~d by tracing his line, which went back, he sa1d, Boston terrier named Boots who died when wrapped in aluminum foil, nea.tly hidden be­ only as far as a saloon in Ridgewood, N.J. Richie was very small. He loved the dog so hind a picture. "What is this?'• he demanded about 1916. Carol also joined t he DAR a n d much that she bought another one for him, of his son. Richie answered that it was hash­ hung the membership certificate on the liv­ which he also named Boots. There followed ish he was keeping for a friend. Then he said ing room wall. Efficient and good with money, a skunk, a rabbit, a crow, haiDSters, gerbils, it was only mud that somebody was passing she paid the bills and kept up t he cramped fish, alligators, a coati, even a boa constric­ off as hashish. Whatever, George threw it out. apartment they took in Queens. tor that grew to five feet and suddenly van­ Not long after, Carol found a sandwich bag George Diener was a muscu lar, compact ished within the house. It was never found. full of marijuana in Richie's room and threw fellow with thick and dark wa vy hair. If George encouraged his son's interest in that out too. This time the boy freely ad­ you saw him in a bar, you would notice the animals. The father had always preached mitted that it was his. Moreover he was furi­ U.S. fiag tattoo on his strong arm, affixed t here reverence for any form of life. "George ous at his mother for what she had done. May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17381 Carol tried to discuss the matter with him explains one New York doctor, "you actually By Christmas last, the rupture between calmly. If he opposed her cigarette smoking, need the drug to function, just as an alco­ George and his son became complete. They why did he smoke marijuana? holic needs a drink first thing in the morn­ passed each other silently in the house. Oc­ "Because the other kids do," he would ing. Without Seconal, a dependent person casionally anger would flash and they raged say, or "Because I want to, that's why," or, becomes nervous, jittery, agitated. With­ at one another. But George had decided that shyly, almost a mumble, "Because it helps me drawal from Seconal is more severe than he could no longer deal with Richie. Perhaps talk to girls." Carol found a book in his room, withdrawal from heroin." Because Seconal is Carol could achieve something. As long as How to Talk to Girls. Richie was undeniably a depressant which interferes with nervous she talked to the boy quietly, gently, he shy. His longtime friend Sue Bernstein, whom transmissions from the central nervous sys­ would listen. And promise. And go out and he had da-ted since he was 14, said it took tem, it can so affect the brain's functions break his promise. Richie three years to get up the courage to that one can become hostile and aggressive. Late at night, George and Carol would lie kiss her goodnight. The market for Seconal thrives, particu­ in bed and search their lives for reasons. When Richie turned 16, the changes came larly in high schools. A Nassau County nar­ Carol assured her husband that it was not faster. Carol and G{lorge learned that he had cotics otficer said that the dangerous pills can his fault. He had tried in his brusque, do­ become a heavy user of marijuana and hash­ be bought in the corridors or bathrooms or as-I-say way to interest Richie in scuba and more, though they would not discover 1unchrooms of "any school in this district, diving or in becoming a marine biologist. this for some time. He began staying out including parochial ones." They sell for prices "What did I do wrong?" George would say, until 2 a.m. on weekends, two hours past his ranging from 25 cents each to three for a not content with his wife's murmurings. curfew. He told his parents never to enter dollar. "The kids like them because they are "What did I do wrong?" He had built up his room, and if they did, there would be a cheap, clean-no needles-and plentiful," the walls of his life so that he knew exact­ yelling row. He rarely joined them for dinner. said the New York doctor. "They don't think ly who he was, what he believed and where "I'm just not hungry," he would say, but they are addictive. But God, are they ever. he belonged. That his son had no ambition, Carol could see the haunting red eyes and They don't think they are dangerous. I wish that his son lay in his room listening to hear his tongue tripping over the words, new word could get around that at least six Long loud music with confusing lyrics, that his profane words, that rushed out of the boy Island kids have died in the past year from son had covered his boyish face with a who had been so quiet so long. &conal abuse." scraggly red beard and long shaggy red side­ Richie now had friends, disturbing ones. He Last autumn, Richie began using Seconal burns and was letting his hair grow in the began running with an East Meadow boy who heavily. He told one girl that he had a bottle direction of a windstorm was more than he was on probation for using marijuana and of 100 pills, that he was tempted to sell them, could understand. who was suspected of dealing in heroin. but he thought he would keep them for his George was growing more and more politi­ Ironically, Carol learned, Richie had met the own use. "Why don't you stop doing drugs?" cally conservative. He grouched often about boy on a Methodist Church retreat. For a said the girl. "I can," answered Richie. "Any­ welfare abuses, a "no-win" policy in Viet­ time, Richie had been active in church, and time I want. I just don't want to stop right nam, and how " 'liberal' to me is a dirty he had been confirmed when he was 15. The now." word." It was not ditficult for him to atfi.X new friend, whom we will call Eddie, tried No one could say for certain why Richie part of the blame for Richie's troubles on to interest Richie in heroin. Apparently he became so deeply involved with drugs. One these villians. "It's this permissive liberal­ refused. "Richie said he wasn't going to stick "perhaps" was his being thrown into a mas­ ism," he told Carol. "The kids do just what any needle in his body. No way," said one of sive high school with 3,000 students and they want because they know the courts the friends. wanting desperately to be accepted. When a won't punish them." Indeed, there had re­ George discovered that he now could not shy, socially insecure youngster discovers cently been a large narcotics raid on a house talk to Richie without yelling at him, and that drug use will admit him to at least one in the neighbhood which involved several ar­ the boy yelled back. When George ordered circle, however pathetic that circle may be, rests. But, George raged, "the pushers were him not to see Eddie, and to be home at a the temptation can be great. back on the s~reets the next day." Carol certain hour, and to stop using foul lan­ There were other signs that Richie was agreed. She also felt Richie's school was guage, Richie disobeyed every order. Finally pleading, in his way, for status and friend­ partly to blame. "He had three free periods to George took his son to Family Court and ships. He became an expert on rock music, do just what he wants," she said. "He can charged him with being incorrigible. "I don't not the standard Fillmore East pop groups, leave the campus or buy drugs or go into the want him to have a police record, but he's but obscure ones which Richie would "dis­ bathroom and smoke pot. The teachers are only 16 and all the proceedings are secret," cover" and tell his friends about. He fretted afraid to go to the bathroom because they he told Carol. After the session in court, constantly about his appearance. He took at know what's going on in there." Richie suddenly changed. He found a summer least two showers a day and his clothes had On Christmas Eve, Richie was in his room job at Burger King and began saving money to be clean and freshly pressed. Detesting his and Carol went to call him. The house was to buy a car. George Diener informed the tight, curly req. hair, Richie spent hours in full of relatives and it was time to open gifts. court of his son's improvement and the case front of the mirror attacking it. Finally he She opened his door and the smoke of mari­ was dismissed. went to a barber and had it straightened. juana assaulted her. "Put that out immedi­ Last October, a severe case of bronchitis "Now it looks like a Brillo soap pad," he said ately," she said. "Everybody is waiting for developed into pneumonia and Richie stayed in despair. He announced he was going to you so we can open the presents." Richie home from school for three weeks. He fell be­ grow an Afro, which did not please his father. shook his head. He would not join the family hind. He failed every subject the first quar­ His childhood nickname of "Fatty" was re­ celebration. "I think he was so possessed of ter. Carol was upset because on his Scholastic placed by the time he was 17 with a new one, guilt," Carol told George later, "that he Aptitude Tests for college he had scored well. "The Kid." He hated this name so much that couldn't bear to face all those people who When Richie returned to class in November, he once bloodied a friend's nose for calling loved him. He couldn't let them see him Carol received a call from the assistant prin­ him that. But when the fight was over, he stoned." cipal. Richie was ill. Could she come and invited his friend to come by his house any­ George Diener's ordinary dreams were be­ pick him up? time and listen to music. He told all his ing menaced in other areas. The taxes on his When Carol arrived at the assistant prin­ friends that. "Whenever the light in my room house had originally been $300 a year. Now, cipal's otfice, Richie "was very talkative, his is on, that means come on in," he said. "I in less than seven years, they had quad­ eyes were red and heavy. He was abusive," she really mean it." rupled. Even though George and Carol to­ told George that night. "He cursed me and There were many signs that Richie was not gether earned $15,000 a year, there was rarely everybody else." Carol talked privately that totally comfortable in the drug world. He enough money for an evening out. Carol liked morning with the nurse. "Richie told me he very carefully divided his friends into good restaurants, but the best George could took some pills on the school bus, but he in­ "straights" and "heads" and he never mingled normally do was hamburgers at McDonald's. sisted they were pills the doctor gave him the two. One of the straights, a boy who Crime seemed to be encircling him. The for pneumonia," the nurse said. But her voice did not use drugs or even smoke pot, de­ house across the street was robbed, then one was skeptical. scribed this period of Richie's life: ''We all behind him, finally his own-in broad day­ "Do you think it was something else?" knew Richie was doing drugs-a really heavy light. Because he worked part-time as a night Carol asked. pill scene--but he'd never bring anything security guard, George had a police permit The nurse nodded. with him when he· went out with us. He for two pistols. One of them was taken by The "something else" was Seconal. The wouldn't take the chance of getting us bust­ the afternoon burglar and the house was kids called them "downs" or "goofers" or ed along with him. I think he respected our ransacked. Even though many of the parents "reds." With all the horror stories about way of life." in the Dieners' circle of friends knew their heroin and speed, somehow Seconal has not Once last summer Richie had arrived at own children were using drugs, it was rarely received much attention. It is a powerful bar­ Jones Beach with a group of "heads." A discussed. Perhaps it should have been. Dis­ bituate, a mental depressant used as a sleep­ hundred yards away were twp couples who trict Attorney William Cahn publicly eSti­ ing pill. Tens of millions are manufactured were "straights." Richie waved at the couples, mated that 75% of the youth in his county every year in America. Marilyn Monroe died then started walking toward them. But mid­ had at least experimented with marijuana from an overdose of them. So have countless way he stopped. He glanced back at his and/or pills. others. In the late 1960s, the kids discovered "head" friends, then looked forward toward George worked ten hours at one job and that Seconals produced a quick and curious the others. Finally he sat down on a dune often at another, he coached Little League feeling, an hour of dreamy lethargy. mid-distance between them, not able to com­ baseball and was a com.m.itteeman with the "If you become dependent upon Seconals," mit to either side. Boy Scouts, but he had to come home !rom 17382 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 labor and civic endeavor to discover his own go out with the kids on weekends and drink Toward the end of the week Richie had a son stoned and redeyed and mute. "Jesus beer." conference with the principal of East Meadow God in Heaven, what's happening to us?" he George ans.wered quickly. "As much as I High. If Richie agreed to stop using drugs and would cry. want you to stop taking drugs, I can't bar­ stop cutting classes he could come back on During one of their flashes of anger which gain with you. You're only 17, and I can't probation. was the only way they communicated any­ give you permission to go out and drink." "The next week was almost miraculous " more, George grew so exasperated that he Richie began to yell. He shouted, as chil­ according to Carol. "Riehle was a chang~d snapped to Richie, "All right, son, you believe dren so often do, "You don't love me! You boy. He stayed in at night. He did his home­ in the law of the streets. You believe strong don't understand me!" work. He was sweet to me. He was our boy is best. Put up your dukes." "Of course we love you," Carol put in again. I think he realized this was his last Richie looked at his father in surprise: his softly. chance. That Friday afternoon-! would hands were closed into fists. Riehle picked up " You never even wanted me," Richie raged. learn later-a big shipment of drugs hit the a piece of chain to defend himself. George, "The only reason I'm here is that you two school. Richie bought some pills. A lunch­ perhaps remembering his own Brooklyn were fooling around one night. I didn't ask room lady spotted him and some other kids street days, perhaps thinking he could "slap to be born ." and told them she was turning in their names some sense into the boy," threw a round­ George blew up. He hit his son in the to the office. Richie probably felt this was the house punch at his son. It exploded on his mouth and blood gushed out. Richie took the end." cheek. For days Richie had an angry, swollen blood from his mouth and flung it against On Friday night, Feb. 25, Richie went to a bruise on his face. Later George apologized, the wall of the living room. While George Long Island bar called Ryan's which is pop­ but Riehle did not accept it. watched the blood trickle down, Richie ular with young people. In New York State George began to suspect that his son was rushed out into the night. the legal drinking age is 18. Pollee raided not only using drugs but selling them. He Once again, George Diener took his son to Ryan's that night and checked ID carc;;.s. told Carol that the only way to find out for Family Court, and this time Richie endured Richie had none. He and a few others were sure was to tap the family telephone. If his two sessions with a psychological counselor. taken to the police station, questioned and suspicions were true, he wanted to stop the After the second meeting, the counselor told released. This was Richie's second arrest. business before it grew larger. Carol was re­ Carol that he was going on a two-week vaca­ On Saturday, Richie, oddly mute and luctant at first--"How can we spy on our tion and when he returned, he would resume peaceful, asked his mother to drive him to own child?" she said-but George Insisted. his work with Richie. "When the counselor a girl friend's house. She agreed. Four hours He Installed the bug secretly, but Richie returned,'' said Carol, "he called me and said later when he returned home, Carol suspected found out and told his friends. he had been promoted, that another man he had been smoking marijuana. But she One girl friend remembers those days: "I'd would take over Richie's case. This new man said nothing. That night, Richie and two call up Richie and I'd start off the conver­ would call me and make an appointment. I friends, two ·•straight" friends, went out sa.tion by saying 'Hi there, Mr. Diener,' or never heard from them again." and-for a few happy hours-played in the 'Hello Tape,' and we'd talk In code so he On Feb. 12, a Sunday, Richie was in a snow. Walgreen's drugstore at the huge Roosevelt couldn't dig anything anyway." The next noon, Richie asked his mother if But before Richie discovered the tap, Field Shopping Center. The manager noticed him loitering near the drug counter and sus­ he could borrow the car. Carol had forbid­ George heard things that staggered him. His den him use of the car but, as she remem­ son seemed a budding expert at the art of pected him of shoplifting. He told Richie that he would have to stay until the pollee bers: "He had been acting so nice all week "ripping off." The boy's telephone conver­ that I gave ln. In fact, I made a bargain sa.tions with friends were peppered with re­ came to investigate. A punch-up occurred in which, according to the manager, Richie with him. 'If you stay this way,' I said, 'I'll quests to "front me," which George learned give you my old car rather than trading it was a plea for enough money to buy, say, a threw a display basket and a wooden table at him, tried to choke him with his necktie, in on a new one as I had planned. You'll have half pound of marijuana which might cost to find a job to pay for the insurance.' " Carol as much as $100. Richie then broke it down and kicked him in the knee. The manager charged Riehle with assault and a trial was watched as Richie happily left. She had al­ into "nickels" and "dimes"-$5 and $10 ways "lived with hope.'' She thought her sandwich ba.gs-and sold it. Usually he sold set for Feb. 28. It was Richie's first arrest. Two days later, Valentine's Day, George lectures were getting through to him. Maybe. an ounce that was either short-weighted or Richie and a friend went to a local ham­ mixed with oregano. was working at home. The school called. Riehle had been expelled for fighting and burger shop. As they left Riehle backed his George and Carol's younger son Russell mother's car into anoth~r one. There was wa.s taking medication prescribed by a dootor, cursing at a teacher. George waited for his son to come home. He dreaded the confronta­ nes;llgible damage to both, but the other and Richie bragged on the telephone of steal­ cars owner telephoned George and Carol. ing some of the pills and selling them to tion. Riehle pulled up in front of the house with a carload of friends. They noticed Assured that their son was not hurt, they friends. He told one girl that his customers waited for him to come home with an ex­ were "dumb kids, like only 13." George's car in the driveway and hurriedly sped on. George knew that they would not planation. Richie had taken some Seconals. George also heard, on the tapped phone, He pushed the car up to 60 mph on a quiet that Richie was developing enemies who had come in with him as long as he was there, so he got into his car and drove away. Some time residential street in his neighborhood. Sud­ discovered they were being cheated. "Richie denly a tire blew out and the car bounced told one contact that he was unable to sell later he circled back and, sure enough, the boys were inside the house. George made a across the street, hit a station wagon, ca­ a big batch of marijuana because he had reened into a yard and knocked down a fence. ripped off so many customers that nobody decision. He telephoned the pollee and asked them to raid his own son's room. "I thought Neither Richie nor his friend was hurt, but trusted him anymore," George told Carol. the car was destroyed. "He says that people are out to get him, but that maybe if Richie was arrested, it would scare him out of it," he told Carol later. George was summoned to the scene, and he isn't won:ied because he will shoot them. he told his son they would discuss the ac­ Or stab them." When the police arrived and searched the room, there was no marijuana. The boys cident later. Richie went home while George The police of Nassau Couruty knew Richie stayed to discuss insurance matters with the was a marijuana user, but they did not kn<>w were only drinki~g. After the police had left, and after George had ordered the boys out, police. he was a la-rge-scale dealer. "The p-attern is At 4 p.m. George and carol sat down at the typical,'' said one narcotics officer. "If a kid Richie began to scream at his father. George yelled back. It was the same ground they dining room table with Richie to talk about gets some grass, he sells it to friends at had gone over a hundred times before. Only the accident. Carol had told George that it small profit and keeps his own use going. this time Richie seized a pair of scissors must be a calm meeting with no raised A lot of kids even give lit away. It seems to (gold ones which his mother had once used voices. But Richie seemed strangely re­ be an element of social st-at us of making and to make elaborate Halloween costumes for morseless. "You don't act the least bit sorry " keeping friends." him) and threatened to kill his father. said Carol. Finally she spoke sharply. "Don:t One day toward the end of 1971, Richie George checked his clenched fists and left you realize you just totaled my car? Besides came home stoned, his eyes red, his speech the house. Richie called his mother at the that, you could have killed somebody! You fast but slurred. George challenged him once junior high school where she worked in the could have killed yourself!" more. "I have done everything I know to do," cafeteria and sobbed into the telephone. "I Richie raised his head and looked through must be crazy," he said. "I just tried to kill the glass patio door to the yard. "Maybe that said the father. "I have tried to reason with would have been even better," he said softly. you, I have forbidden you to see kids who my father." Carol's mind raced. She figured George remained silent during the dia­ take dope, I have asked you to stay home, I this, at last, was Richie's cry for help. "You're logue. But he was shaking his head sadly. h:a.ve taken you to Family Court, I have cried, not sick," she said. "You're just tired. Lie Richie noticed this. "That's right," the boy I have told you I loved you, I have told you down on your bed and rest and I'll come shouted, "shake your --- head." I'll do anything in my power to find you home." Trying to avoid another scene, George rose help. Your mother and I cannot talk to you She telephoned a relative who put her in and left. He went to his basement shop and anymore. So this is the way it's going to be. touch with a community health psychiatrist. began working on his salesman samples, sort­ You're going to stay home Friday a.nd Sa.tur­ The psychiatrist gave Richie a preliminary ing out broken packages and returns. day nights if I have to lock you in your "screening" and told Carol that, yes, he would Richie and his mother continued to talk room..'' take the case, but that he would have to wait but the boy kept jumping up and making Richie made a counterpropooi.tion. "I until the Walgreen incident was disposed of telephone calls. Finally Richie went into his promise to stop doing drugs," he sa.i.d slowly, in court. Since that trial was only two weeks room, flipped OlD. a rock tape, and shut the "I reaJ.ly do promdse ..• if, IF you'll let me off, Carol felt the delay could be borne. door. Carol took her younger son to a bowl- May 15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17383 ing alley and returned half an hour later. What God spared Abraham from doing to sented one of Vietnam's most distin­ Richie came out of his room and his mother Isaac, what the makers of myth and litera­ guished medals, the First Technical gasped. He was staggering. His eyes we'f.e red ture could scarcely even imagine, George Medal. Captain Zebelean was presented slits. He slurred his words. "What in GOO's Diener at last did. name have you taken?" she cried. He con­ He fired. the award for his outstanding service as fessed that he had taken four Seconals. The bullet tore directly into Richie's heart. an adviser tD the 294th Communications Ignoring her, Richie made a date on the He slumped backward onto the stair in a sit­ Squadron, Binh Thuy Base Support telephone with a friend for 6:30. He hung ting position. He brought his young hands Group, of the Vietnamese Air Force 4th up and shouted at Carol. "And don't go down to his chest and he saw his blood. He was Division. in my room when I'm gone and look for pot." puzzled. He stood straight up s.nd raised the Captain Zebelean is the son of Judge "You're in no condition to· go anywhere," knife again. Now its handle was soaked with and Mrs. John P. Zebelean, Jr. of 5605 said Carol. Richie began to walk past her. the life draining from him. Suddenly he fell over a chair and onto the Incredibly, George Diener fired again. This Wilkens Avenue in Catonsville. I would floor. time the bullet went wide, screaming past like to congratulate Captain Zebelean on The two crashes-boy and chair-brought his son and ripping a hole in the wall of the receiving this decoration from the Re­ George racing up from the basement. Now house that had been George's dream. public of Vietnam and to commend him Richie was standing up. He saw his father. Richie sat down and toppled forward, down for his outstanding work with the Viet­ "Did you tell the cops at the accident scene the stairs, onto the cement floor. namese Air Force. that I was on dope?" he cried. Georg~ grabbed Carol and pushed her up George did not want to talk to the boy in the stairs to the living room. He called the this condition. He turned without speaking police :1. ~1 d an emergency ambulance num­ and started out. Richie ran after him. "An­ ber. swer me! I asked you a --- question," the He went back downstairs. Richie was quiet. STATE DEPARTMENT PROMOTION boy shrieked, "and I want a --- answer!" he was not moving. George touched his - PRACTICES Richie's face was so contorted, his body so throat. There was no pulse. quivering with rage that George felt he and Slowly he dragged himself up the stairs. his wife were in physical danger, the kind George went to his wife and knelt beside HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK that could not be handled with parental au­ her chair. "He's dead. I've killed our son. Can OF OHIO thority or even with fists. This was the last you ever forgive me?" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES scene of the long painful drama and all the Then they sat and cried and waited for the emotions were out. All reason was gone. police. Monday, May 15, 1972 George went to his bedroom to get his pis­ Several things quickly happened. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, on tol. The .32 was hidden behind a night stand. They carried out Richie's body in a canvas April 25 of this year the Senate Foreign Weeks before, Carol had urged George to con­ sack. An autopsy disclosed that his vital ceal it. She had been afraid that Richie organs contained six times the amount of Relations Committee held hearings on would find the gun in a heated moment and Seconal given by doctors in a therapeutic the promotions of 385 Foreign Service use it on them as they slept. On the taped dose. officers of the State Department and 175 telephone calls, George had heard his son George was arrested and charged with mur­ from USIA, in what usually are pro brag of being ready to shoot or stab any dis­ der, but he pleaded self-defense and the forma sessions. However, in the above satisfied customer who was out to get him. grand jury did not indict him. The police case, the committee withheld confirma­ And more than once Richie had shouted at did want to know why George, an expert tion of the list based on charges made by George. "I'll get you . . ." marksman, shot to kill, rather than to wound. George tucked the .32 into his belt. He "All I could think of was that if I only John D. Hemenway, a former Foreign walked down the stairs into the basement. wounded the boy, he would come back and Service officer now with the Defense Richie appeared on the stairs leading to kill Carol and me,'' he answered. "There had Department, until State Department the cellar. Unsteadily he made his way down. been so many threats." officials could respond to the charges. He saw an ice pick on a work bench and George vowed to lead a community war Specifically, Mr. Hemenway questioned picked it up. When he was 15 feet from his against drugs, in particular barbiturates. the selection of certain persons on the father, Richie raised it and cried, once more, The night before the funeral, many of basis of their language proficiency. In "I want an answer! Answer me!" Richie's friends went to the funeral home to George's answer was to take the gun from pay their respects. George thanked most of keeping with the legislative intent of the his belt and to point it at his first-born son. them for coming, although he would not Foreign Service Act of 1946 "to enable Perhaps this would frighten him. Perhaps even speak to some he considered part of the Foreign Service effectively to serve this would send him away. Richie's "head" crowd. In particular Eddie, abroad the interests of the - United Richie threw out his arms like a crucifix. who was sobbing almost hysterically. Carol States," State Department regulation "You've got your--- gun. Go ahead and was shocked to see that more than one of the 3 FAM 871.4a, states: use it." The boy walked slowly toward his young mourners came to the funeral parlor father. When he was five feet away, the ice stoned. It is the Department's and USIA's objec­ pick trembling in his hand, George cocked When Richie's friends looked at him in the tive to have each ofil.cer acquire, before the .32. Richie stopped and flung out his casket, they were stunned to see that his reaching the senior level, at least a mini­ arms once more. "Go ahead.... Shoot!" beard had been shaved off, his sideburns mum professional level of proficiency Richie dropped his arms and somehow the trimmed and raised, his hair neatly, forever (8-3/R-3-see section 872.2) in two foreign ice pick fell to the floor. George lunged for­ cut. Sue Bernstein, his longtime friend, said languages, a.s well as such level of proficiency ward, grabbed his son by both shoulders, and that Richie looked "exactly the way he looked in the language of each post required by the particular assignment. kicked the ice pick into a corner. Carol had when I first met him, when he was 14, before appeared- by this time, paralyzed with fear. the trouble started." Among other charges, Mr. Hemenway Richie broke loose from his father and rush­ There was criticism of the barbering, but observed that 35 percent of the class I ed upstairs, shouting behind him. "I'm going George dismissed it. "This is the way I wanted up to get the scissors." He rushed past his Richie to look," he said. And the father, at officers and 31 percent of the class II mother. "Oh my God! What can we do??" last, had his way. officers on the promotion list do not meet Carol moaned. Lately George has taken to going into the very minimal standards of a single "I don't know,'' George answered. "Maybe Richie's room and shutting the door and foreign language: he won't come back down." . stretching out on the bed. It is his way of Now every reasonable man admits that While they waited in the cellar, George and getting through one sleepless midnight. There knowledge of language is not everything. Carol could hear Richie rummaging in the are others to come. But practically all of these "senior level" kitchen above their heads. He pulled out a ofil.cers have been with the Department of drawer too far and it crashed to the floor, State for more than 20 years. To consider utensils rattling about like hailstones on a oneself a "diplomat" by profession and not metal roof. CAPT. JOHN ZEBELEAN ill to be able to command a single foreign lan­ Instantly the boy appeared at the head of PRESENTED MEDAL IN VIETNAM guage is, in my opinion, inexcusable. It per­ t.he stairs with a steak knife in his raised petuates the image of the "Ugly American.,. hand. George pushed his wife behind him and faced his son. With each step he took down Another interesting aspect of the the stairs, Ricbie cried, "Shovt! Use your HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON former FSO's testimony brought to light gun!" OF MARYLAND that as many as 12 to 14 files are main­ George's finger trembled on the trigger. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATTVES tained on many foreign service officers. The frustrations of his life were suddenly Some of these files have been kept-for telescoped. His seed had produced a son, but Monday, May 15, 1972 the son was no longer his. The son was a some years although not expressly million mlles away. The son wa.s a child-man Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, recently in authorized by State Department regu­ with a beard, with a knife, with obscenities the Republic of Vietnam, Capt. John P. lations and contained material or in­ on his lips, with drugs in his brain. Zebelean m of Catonsville, Md. was pre- formation pertinent to an evaluation of l7384 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 the performance of an officer which have ( 5) "to provide that -promotions leading when this Committee calls for the pertinent not actually been placed in the official to positions of authority and responsibility personnel records, which is its right. In any shall be on the basis of merit and to insure evenir, if the Biographic Register published personnel folders provided for in the the selection on an impartial basis of out­ by the Department of State is not accurate, regulations and made available to standing persons for such positions." then it should be put right. The American officers. With the law in mind, a.nd the annotated public pays for its publication and deserves Mr. Hemenway, in addition, cites two copy of the promotion list in front of you, I to have honest and accurate information cases in which he charges that both pro­ wish to read to you a portion of the regula­ concerning the Department of State. fessional competence and basic integrity tions of the Foreign Service based on that Then there is the matter of expunging of or honesty are possibly involved. law: records-even the Biographic Register. Four It 3 FAM 871.4a. of the FSQ-1 promotees have been given spe­ will be recalled that John Hemenway "It is the Department's and USIA's objec­ cial language training, but it is not recorded testified last year before the same Sen­ tive to have each officer acquire, before reach­ that they ever successfully passed a language ate Foreign Relations Committee in the i ng the senior level, at least a minimum pro­ test after that training. Comparison of the case of the nomination of Howard Mace fessional level of proficiency (S-3/ R-3-see 1964 Register with the 1971 Register reveals to be ambassador to Sierra Leone, which section 872.2) in two foreign languages, as that, in two of these cases, any mention of nomination was later withdrawn. Mr. well as such level of proficiency in the lan­ the earlier-evidently unsuccessful-lan­ Hemenway, incidentally, is rated fluent guage of each post required by the particular guage study is removed from the record. It assignment." is a record of past failure cleaned up, so to in Russian and German, served as an in­ The senior level of the Foreign Service is speak. I can establish that this is not a matter fantry lieutenant in World War II, is a the Class I and II level, i.e., FS0-1 and FSQ- of economy of space in the Biographic Regis­ graduate of the Naval Academy at An­ 2. Let us look at the record. ter. Incidentally, neither of these two men napolis and has earned bachelor's and The list before you has been compared meet minimal standards, according to the master's degrees at Oxford as a Rhodes with the "Biographic Register", an official dat a provided in the Register. Your Com­ scholar. publication of the Department of State, re­ m ittee, Mr. Chairman, may wish to ask the I insert at this point this testimony of vised as of June 30, 1971. The names under­ Depart ment for exact linguistical data on April 25 before the Senate Committee lined indicate those officers who, according to these noxninees; what level of competence do that register, do not meet the minimal re­ they possess and what were the tested ratings along with several items appearing in the quirement, the Department's objective, given by the Foreign Service Institute. Fur­ press regarding his Senate appearance. which I just read. Sixty-four per cent (64%) ther, why do they fail to meet the minimal The Chicago Tribune column by veteran of the Class II officers do not meet the xnini­ standards set forth in the Department's regu­ newsman, Willard Edwards, is but the mal standards; 65% of the Class I officers. lations as the desired objective before reach­ latest of a number of columns over sev­ It xnay be that the Department's own ing senior level. In the case of language train­ eral years on the Hemenway case. standards are too high (these are regulatory ing failures, you may want to know if the The items follow: and could be changed, if that were the case) . fact of that failure was before the promotion After all, language qualification is only a boards that considered thse officers. In other STATEMENT OF JOHN D. HEMENWAY CONCERN­ tool-not an end in itself. If only one lan­ words, were the personnel records changed or ING THE FOREIGN SERVICE PROMOTION LIST, guage were required (surely a minimal stand­ expunged as was the Register? 1972 ard by anyone's measure, for a senior diplo­ That brings up the larger question of the Chairman Fulbright and members of the mat) we still find that, according to the genesis of the promotion list. Who sits on Senate Foreign Relations Committee: thank­ Department of State's own statistics, taken promotion panels and what are their quali­ you for the opportunity to testify this from the Biographic Register that 35% of the fications? Take the panels from Class 2 to 1- morning concerning the 1972 Foreign Service Class I officers and 31% of the Class II officers none met the language standards; two spoke List. being promoted to higher rank still do not no languages at all. It is demonstable, I think, In this testimony I will be specific; how­ meet the very minimal standards of a single that in one important respect (for a diplo­ ever, I will avoid the use of individual names foreign language (See TAB B). These officers xnat), an objectively measurable qualifica­ by using numbers. You have before you (TAB are indicated by an asterisk on your an­ tion, language competence, the 1972 promo­ A) a copy of the 1972 Foreign Service List notated list. Moreover, standards are even tion list fails miserably to meet the Depart­ as distributed by the Department of State. It worse in this respect than last year, on the ment's own standards. There are many other contains the names of xnany more promoted 1971 list (See TAB C). And, I might add, they standards, some less capable of objective officers than you are asked to confirm, but were fully as bad in 1968 when I also sur­ measurement: health, integrity, professional that is a xnatter to which I shall return la.ter. veyed the list with this criterion. competence. Let us look at the list from a Annotations on the list provided will xnake Now every reasonable man admits that few different angles. specific and clear all informa-tion without knowledge of language is not everything. But Mr. Chairman, you will recall that the offense to any individual sensitivities, I practically all of these "senior level" officers former Director of Personnel, Mr. Howard P. think. have been with the Department of State for Mace attempted to explain to this Committee, Ten years ago I would not have believed more than 20 years. To consider oneself a during his recent confirmation hearing, the what I am about to document for you in "diplomat" by profession and not to be able complex sequence by which Promotion Boards the next few xninutes. I have been an officer to command a single foreign language is, in determine promotions. According to Mr. of the United States Government for twenty­ my opinion, inexcusable. It perpetuates the Mace, Boards consist of objective citizens, five years. I was brought up to believe that image of the "Ugly American." who examine objective personnel files (pre­ few things were more sacred than service to There are, of course, other standards. I sumably in accordance with the regulations) this Republic. I appear before you today in shall take these up in a moment. to determine--competitively a.nd fairly­ that spirit. Many Foreign Service Officers Let me briefly mention sources. The "Bio­ which officers are the best. Under question­ whose names appear on this list are highly graphic Register" is a Department of State ing from you, Mr. Chairman, it was deter­ competent-! know that personally-! know publication, as I said. As such, personnel in­ xnined that Mr. Mace himself had a large say them. There are an astonishing number, how­ formation contained in it should be given the in who sat on these Boards. This 1972 promo­ ever, who do not meet the criteria set by same confidence one would give to any per­ tion list is, so to speak, the last "Mace List" regulations and law for their advancement. sonnel information disseminated by the De­ in that Mr. Mace helped deterxnine the com­ It may not be their fault that they are not partment. It may be that some of the officers position of these Boards. The process sounds qualified for higher positions. That is for noted as deficient have acquired skills not orderly enough, when glibly explained; but it you to judge. It is my task to bear witness identified in the "Register", i.e., that it is is not orderly, Mr. Chairman, nor is it equi­ to the fact that they are not qualified. My out of date or inaccurate in this respect. table. testimony is based on open sources. If the Perhaps it will be argued that "only" 15% or No doubt your Committee believes that it is Department of State wishes to attempt a "only" 10% of these senior promotees are so examining a promotion list based. on judg­ rebuttal of what I have to say with materials deficient that they can not speak a single ments as objective as possible concerning the that are administratively controlled., I hope foreign language (please recall that the De­ "Efficiency Record" of eligible officers. The this Committee will insure me the right to partment's own regulations state that the Foreign Service Act in Section 601 ( 1) has de­ objective is two languages prior to reaching fined the "Efficiency Record" of an officer as reply. senior level, i.e., by the time an omcer is My knowledge of personnel procedures in "those materials considered by the Director FS0-3) . Is this really an adequate answer the Department of State has been thrust for the Senate which must confirm or reject General to be pertinent to the preparation of upon me, so to speak. I a.m. not a personnel the entire list? I must add that, in my ex­ an evaluation of the perforxnance of an om­ omcer a.nd never have served as one. You perience, in fact, the "Register" errs on the cer." As you know, Mr. Chairman, you and will recall the la.w~he Foreign Service Act generous side. It carries men as having a your Committee are entitled under the Act to of 1946. working knowledge of a language who long examine these records. Specifically Section In part, Section 111, "Objectives'• says: ago forgot that language or did not, as re­ 612 authorizes this, so if you wish to do so, ( 1) "to enable the Foreign Service effec­ quired by regulation subject themselves to you can determine for yourself the accuracy tively to serve abroad the interests of the the rigors of re-examination. What I am sug­ of my testimony here today. However, there is a problem in that there is no such single United States. H gesting is that the most accurate statistics record as the "Efficiency Record." If there is • • • • available would reveal a far worse picture May 15; 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17385 no efficiency record, how can you then have a director of a Bureau is to be responsive to degrees nor language qualifications. (TAB promotion list based on such a record? anticipate this kind of problem. I can pro­ G). No wonder our Foreign Service is called I submit for the perusal of your Committee vide this Committee with the name of a the "best paid second rate diplomatic serv­ a document written by the Legal Advisor of witness who specifically alerted #102 to ice in the world." the Department of State to Mr. Macomber the dimensions of the problems at this post By asking the Senate to confirm this list (TAB D) entitled: "A Foreig·n Service Em­ but which #102 did nothing to alleviate. Is or another like it before a thorough-going ployee's Right of Access to His Personnel the matter even discussed in #102's per­ reform of the system is accomplished, the Records." I believe the copy is dated 8 Octo­ sonnel file-which ever of the 12-14 files Department of State management authori­ ber 1971. It is unclassified. I apologize for the is pertinent? ties have attempted to deceive. There is a poor quality of this copy, which was submit­ Consid.~r. the matter of basic integrity or large number of well-qualified officers on this ted as evidence in my own Hearing before the honesty. At #114 is an officer against whom list. What a pity that the honest pride in Department of State, which entered its thi:td serious charges were made by another officer a well-earned promotion has been diminished year last fall and is still continuing. The De­ still on the roles. The charges have not been for the others on the promotion list who partment did not provide us with this par­ answered; in fact, the Department has re­ have not yet met the required standards! ticular copy and, so far, the Department had fused to investigate further or to give the We all have heard of the low morale of not been willing to provide a more legible complainant a hearing or due process. Is the Foreign Service. Is it any wonder? Senior copy even though it has been requested. Per­ the complaint or its disposition among the officials determining the standards and selec­ haps the Department might be more respon­ files viewed by the promotion boards? I note tion out of qualified officers themselves would sive to a request from your Committee for a that #114, like #102 does not fully measure have been dismissed had not the high stand­ copy that can be easily read. However, on up to the Department's own linguistic stand­ ards set for the Foreign Service in regula­ page 4 of that memorandum it is plain to ards. tion been set aside for them. read: Just how does one get on the promotion I regret to inform _this Committee that "The recent Committee on Files found that, list? Well, clearly it helps to get as close the promotion list before you represents a. with respect to many Foreign Service Officers, to top management and administration as further slump in standards. It should be twelve to fourteen ditferent files are main­ possible, other qualifications notwithstand­ remanded with instructions that it not be tained." ing. Three such officers include #127, #143, returned until all people on the list measure Elsewhere in the memorandum the files are and #151. Two of those three are without up to the high standard the American public described variously to include: any language qualification. The third knows has a right to expect of its Foreign Service. The career development and counselling one language (which is less than the mini­ Thank you for listening to my testimony files (CDC) . mum) and at age 39 is the second youngest today: The Director General's file. on the list. (With a little more time and ex­ The suitability files (SRS). perience, he might be fully qualified.) But (From the Federal Times, May 17, 1972] Then .there is the "Official Personnel all are high in the management/admin­ Folder" (This may be considered the istrative structure. The fact that #127 at­ SENATE HOLDS UP STATE PROMOTIONS "real" file!) tended courses in German in 1958 and Span­ (By Bill Andronicos) And the medical file, "classified" file, inves­ ish in 1962 but had not yet qualified in WASHINGTON.-In an unprecedented move, tigative file, administrative file, etc. etc. Evi­ those languages is duly noted in the 1964 the Senate has withheld confirmation-at dently, in the Department of State, you can register, a matter expunged by the time the least for the time being-of an entire promo­ prove anything in personnel work or conceal 1971 register was published. However, his tion list of the State Department a:ld U.S. anything, depending upon which files you other training, presumably successful, at the Information Agency. choose to select for the project. University of Pittsburgh has not been deleted A1fected by the move are some 385 foreign Now I wonder if this Committee has been in the 1971 register. service officers and about 175 USIA officers, told what file or files were used in the com­ I think the above random examples serve to whose names were submitted to the Senate pilation of this promotion list? Or has the make a point. There are many other broad­ recently by President Nixon. Generally, the Committee been told which of these files were sides that could be delivered along these Foreign Relations Committee passes along used to "supplement" information in the same lines. So as not to take up too much of the recommendations without hesitation. "real file", or that, in the words of official cor­ your time, I think it would be useful to shift The Senate action came on the heels of respondence of the Department, "it is a com­ to the fact that the Senate has received for testimony before the committee by a former mon accepted practice for [promotion] confirmation only a portion of the current foreign service officer, John D. Hemenway, Boards to consult officers in 0 and other areas promotion list. The remainder of the list who has charged that the list includes names of the Department?" What becomes of the contains FSRs and FSRUs not subject to the of officers lacking in language proficiency, much talked about sanctity of the promotion Senate's scrutiny. If you think that the professional competence and honesty. system under these conditions? I submit-­ standards are low on the list I have just been Fired from his foreign service position on merely as an illustration-one documented discussing, the list the Senate is permitted to Jan. 17, 1969-in the final days of the John­ example (TAB E) in which the head of a pro­ examine and judge, you can imagine what the son administration and while Dean Rusk was motion board made three illegal contacts to standards are of those not required to pass secretary of state-Hemenway currently "supplement" the "file" during promotion muster. serves as a civil servant in the Department of board deliberations. None of these were re­ A look at the promotion boards them­ Defense. corded at the time. Only reluctantly has the selves will explain why these standards are Among other things, he charged that, ac­ Department admitted in writing that this is so low. Take the members of the "B" Board cording to the State Department's own statis­ a "common accepted practice". How often did which considers FSRU officers from Class 4-8 tics which he gleaned from the department's it happen for the 1972list? and some FSRs from Class 6-8. All three "Biographic Register," 35 per cent of the With no established standards of record­ members are indicated in the Register as Class I officers and 31 per cent of the Class 2 keeping, With wheeling and dealing in terms having no satisfactory knowledge of any officers proposed for promotion "still do not of illegal contacts with the members of languages. But it pays to serve on such a meet the very minimal standards of a. single boards, with constantly shifting standards for Board; one of these three is # 126 on the foreign language." promotion, it is little wonder that the present 1972 promotion list--promoted to FS0-2. Hemenway indicated he was not attacking Director General of the Foreign Service him­ That is a quicker payo1f than usual, even everyone on the list, but in testimony he self received a promotion on the basis of an for the management sta1f in the Department avoided the use of individual names, pre­ ad hoc "one-time" exception to established of State, I might note in passing. The FSRU fering to refer to various officers on the list and published requirements. In that case, it Boards are backed up by a panel of "spe­ through a numerical sequence. was said that his promotion would "consti­ cialists", themselves products of this system Although acknowledging that "language is tute a single exception not constituting a that one person qualified to judge has de­ not everything," he said virtually all these precedent for the future." (See Draft memo scribed as a "self-perpetuating Board of senior level officers have been with the State for the files by Mr. LaRue Lutkins 10/15/68 at Directors." Thirteen (13) out of 18 are in­ Department more than 20 years-and added: TAB F.) dicated with no rated language proficiency, "To consider oneself a diplomat by profes­ Since established procedures and stand­ yet six have entered the FOreign Service at sion and not to be able to command a single ards are not maintained, but ever shifting, the very top, FS0-1, after being in the fav­ foreign language is, in my opinion, inexcus­ it is no wonder that closer examination will able." reveal a few problems with this lost other ored and protected positions of FSRs. Four more are FSR--1, waiting in the queue, so "It perpetuates the image of the 'Ugly than linguistic. Consider the matter of pro­ American'," Hemenway said. fessional competence. You will recall a recent to speak, to become instant "US diplomats." These panel members are the people who He argued that the department's own regu­ murder trial involving two foreign service lations call for two languages prior to reach­ employees. One man '\ta'!tkilled and the other are determining the fitness of those persons ing a senior level-by the time the officer convicted of murder. The Executive Director promoted to FSR positions, officers who are reaches Class 3. of the Bureau of African Affairs at that time, exempted from the further scrutiny of the Hemenway testified four ot the FS0-1 offi­ whose name 1s found at #102 of your an­ Senate. Later, when laterally entered, they cers on the promotion list have been given notated promotion list, specifically was will be placed on a special promotion list special language training-"but it is not re­ alerted to the problems of this post and to similar to the one submitted to the Senate corded that they ever successfully passed a the possibility of this kind of serious trouble. on July 28 which included a number of language test a:tter that training." You may know that the Job of an executive FS0-3s and FS0-4s who had neither college He also challenged the validity of the .Pro- 17386 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972 motl.on list, questioning the types of indi­ the efforts of a former colleague, fired from tary of State William B. Macomber. Members viduals who sit on promotion panels as well their ranks more than three years ago. voiced suspicion that the State Department's as their qualifications. This feat-and in the bureaucratic worlci it promotion system elevates amiable conform­ He said the controversial former director of is an exploit of stunning significance-is the ists rather than the truly competent. personnel, Howard P. Mace, helped to deter­ latest success in the one-man crusade of mine the composition of the panels selecting John D. Hemenway against the establish­ [From the Sarasota Herald-Tribune, May 2, the present promotion list. Consequently, ment which kicked him out in the closing 1972) Hemenway referred to the list as the "Mace days of the Johnson administration. A SCANDAL AT STATE? List." He has proved that, against all the odds, you cannot only fight city hall but overcome If charges brought against the United Earlier this year, Mace had asked President States Department of State by a former em­ Nixon to remove his name from consideration it on occasion. It requires a courage beyond ployee are correct, they constitute a major for nomination as ambassador to the African most men, patience and a calm determina­ tion, a willingness to endure financial sacri­ indictment and one rattling-good shakeup is country of Sierra Leone. The Senate Foreign in order. Relations Committee had shelved Mace's fice, but it can be done. John B. Hemenway, chief of the Berlin It is now conceded by the State Department nomination in December following a torrent section in the Foreig 1 Service division un­ of criticism over the way he allegedly han­ hierarchy that the biggest mistake ever made til 1968, last week told a Senate committee dled the State Department's selection-out of by former Secretary of State Dean Rusk was hearing that the department was breaching diplomats after they had been rejected for to uphold Hemenway's dismissal just before its own rules and de.::eiving the Senate by promotion by the selection board. he left office in January, 1969. His judgment submitting for confirmation to key posts Hemenway charged that in addition to was based on a report filed by two of Hemen­ men it knew were not qualified. language weaknesses, the promotion list in­ way's superiors which, subsequent hearings Mr. Hemenway is a veteran, a Naval Acad­ cludes individuals who lack professional have shown, contained false and malicious emy graduate and a former Rhodes Scholar competence and basic integrity or honesty. accusations. Hemenway's real crime was that at Oxford, rated fluent in Russian and Ger­ To get on the promotion list, he told the he had differed with these superiors by "too man. He was dropped from the Berlin post committee, it "clearly helps to get as close to aggressive" support of the American position and was the first Foreign Service officer, be­ top management and administration as pos­ in dealing with Communist nations as chief lieve it or not, to demand a hearing (and sible, other qualifications notwithstanding." of section in Berlin. received in 1969 the first such hearing or­ In addition, he noted that the Senate re­ The Nixon administration subsequentlY dained by the State Department for any rea­ recognized Hemenway's talents by giving him ceived only a partial list of those scheduled son in 15 years). The case is still being for promotion. The remainder contains for­ a high position in the Defense Department. contested. eign service reserve officers (FSR's) and It found itself unable to return him to the But the former Berlin chief may be pre­ foreign service reserve officers with unlimited State Department, which remained in charge sumed to have some expertness in job qual­ tenure (FSRU's) not subject to the Senate's of a holdover power structure unalterably op­ ifications within the department, and he has scrutiny. posed to the retention of any subordinate charged that State's management bureau is "If you think that the standards are low who had dared to exercise independent judg­ loading up the Foreign Service with its own on the list I have just been discussing, the ment. personnel who are not qualified. list the Senate is permitted to examine and Hemenway, at that point, decided to bat­ As for instances, he noted that among judge, you can imagine what the standards tle for a removal from the record of false­ the latest 23 Foreign Service officers pro­ are of those not required to pass muster," hoods placed against him. He forced upon the moted to Class One, the top grade, 35 per­ Hemenway said. State Department the first grievance hearing cent r.peak no foreign language at all and Hemenway also accused the State Depart­ in its history. The evidence accumulated at 30 percent speak only one. Regulations, he melllt of attempting to deceive "by asking the these sessions has tarnished the reputation of said, call for them to be proficient in at Senate to confirm this list or another like it celebrated figures now serving in key posts least two. before a thorough-going reform of the sys­ abroad. He also charged that State's management tem is accomplished." Last December, Hemenway helped stop the bureau has been tampering with personnel Hemenway told the committee it was no nomination of Howard P. Mace as ambassa­ files in defiance of regulations and common wonder there are indications of low morale dor to Sierra Leone. Mace, as the State De­ decency. within the foreign service, when "senior offi­ partment's personnel director, gained the One State Department official has acknowl­ cials determining the standards and selec­ nickname of "the executioner" for faithfully edged that the latter accusation was true tion-out of qualified officers, themselves following the orders of his superiors to de­ (although he says it has been stopped), but would have been dismissed had not the high stroy the careers of those who disputed top says the language requirements, in senior standards set for the foreign service in reg­ echelon policy. The Mace nominatio:::;. was grade as in others, are merely "objectives," u1ations been set aside for them." buried after testimony from Hemenway and not minimum requirements. Cbarging that the promotion list repre­ other victims had outlined what they oalled Observers who have been puzzled for years sents a "slump in standards," he urged the "a sick and corrupt personnel system which over inadequacies in our Foreign Service committee to remand the list "with instruc­ had wrought havoc to the careers of dedi­ may find a few clues here. tions that it not be returned until all people cated officers." If it is not requir,ed for top-grade officials on the list measure up to the high standard Not until April 25, however, did the State to have language proficiencies, only sug­ the American public has a right to expect of Department realize fully the influence in gested, one can readily see how information its foreign service." _ Congress gained by Hemenway in his repeated gathered is of limited value-and also why Meanwhile, the Senate Foreign Relations forays. some nations may be increasingly cool to us, Committee has transmitted Hemenway's al­ The Senate Foreign Relations Committee since we give such seemingly small regard legations to Deputy Under Secretary of State met that day for the customary routine ap­ to other native speech. for Administration William B. Macomber Jr., proval of the annual list of 385 foreign serv­ As to improper access to personnel files, asking his comments before deciding on a ice officers designated for promotion to high­ which has been admitted, it is only neces­ course of action on the foreign service pro­ er ratings, carrying increased prestige and sary to imagine oneself a State Department motion list. salaries. employee with the knowledge that this is In related action, Sen. Claiborne Pell, D­ But Hemenway appeared, requested andre­ going on, ·~o realize the morale damage it R.!., himself a former foreign service officer, ceived an unprecedented hearing, and fur­ must have been doing. issued a strong protest with the Foreign nished a devastating analysis of the lack of And in days like these, to have a de­ Relations Committee against a promotion qualifications of many of the career diplo­ moralized Foreign Service is not very far system change implemented by USIA Director mats on the list. from committing slow national suicide. Few Frank Shakespeare. He noted, as one example of their deficien­ contemporary Americans carry a greater bur­ Shakespeare has deviated from traditional cies, the failure of two-thirds of them to have den in foreign fields for the good of the USIA practice (currently still being followed proficiency in two foreign languages, as re­ country. in the State Department's foreign service quired by law. He added a staggering disclo­ The Senate Foreign Relations Committee, setup) by ignoring the USIA selection board's sure-that one-third of those at the highest after hearing Mr. Hemenway, has asked for rankings for promotions and choosing those level did not even have proficiency in one a full rundown from State on its promotion he personally feels warrant upgrading. foreign language. and personnel policies. Pell and other critics sa.id they fear the "Knowledge of language is not everything," It doesn't seem much to ask-but perhaps Shakespeare method would lead to political said Hemenway, who is himself fluent in Rus­ a trifle late to ask it. maneuvering for top agency jobs. sian and German, "but practically all of these senior level officers have been with the State [From the New York Times, Apr. 30, 1972] [From the Chicago Tribune, May 6, 1972] Department for 20 years. To consider oneself a diplomat and not to be able to command EX-AIDE ASSAIT.S FOREIGN SERVICE ONE MAN'S VICTORY IN WASHINGTON a single foreign language is, in my opinion, WASHINGTON, April 29.-A former Foreign (By Willard Edwards) inexcusable. It perpetuates the image of "The Service officer has shaken the State Depart­ WASHINGTON, May 5.-To the astonishment Ugly American.' " ment by publicly charging that the depart­ and dismay of the State Department, 385 The committee agreed and held up action ment has violated its own standards for pro­ high-ranking foreign service officers have on the promotion list pending a reply to motion and has tampered with confidential been temporarily blocked fcom promotion by Hemenway's criticism by Deputy Unders~cre- personnel files. May .15, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARK$ 17387 In a. hearing Tuesday before the Senate a hospital patient this year. This dra­ [From Occupational Safety and Health Re­ Foreign Relations Committee, John B. matic statistic points up the importance porter, Bureau of National Affairs, May 4, Hemenway, who is now a. civilian employe of the 52d annual observance of Na­ 1972] with the Defense Department, accused the tion Hospital Week, May 7-13, 1972. UNIONS-IUD ISSUES BUDGET ANALYSIS OF State Department also of trying to deceive FEDERAL JOB SAFETY EFFORT the Senate by submitting for confirmation "We want you-in the picture of to key posts the names of officers it knew to health".is the slogan for the week. It has The feder&l job safety and health budget, be unqualified. three important meanings. because it is inadequate in terins of money After hearing the charges, the Senate com­ Our hospitals will better serve our and people, is the nation's most extravagant mittee asked the State Department for de­ communities if more individuals take an expenditure, the Industrial Union Deparment tails of its promotion and personnel policies. interest in the Government, needs and (AFL-CIO) maintains in its analysis of the Mr. Hemenway, who is 45 years old, was Nixon Administration's fiscal 1973 budget dropped from the Foreign Service in 1968 policies of their local institutions. proposal. while serving as chief of the Berlin section The American Hospital Association The partial costs to the nation from job in­ in the department. He served as an infantry and its member hospitals want individ­ juries and illnesses are $1.7 billion in lost lieutenant in World War II, was graduated uals to become more concerned about the wages, $9 billion in lost Gross National Prod­ from the United States Naval Academy in provisions of health insurance policies. uct, and $2.3 billion in workmen's compensa­ 1951 and, after entering the Foreign Service The AHA praises and encourages the tion costs, the IUD said. The more than $500 in 1951, earned bachelor's and master's de­ Inillion spent for special compensation to growing trend of insurance payments for black lung victims could be equaled in justi­ grees at Oxford as a Rhode Scholar. He is medical procedures performed in physi­ rated fluent in Russian and German. fiable claims by victiins of asbestosis, sili­ cians' offices or in hospitals on an out­ cosis, and other diseases. SOUGHT REINSTATEMENT patient basis. Such practices release beds The job safety budget is inadequate and In 1969, Mr. Hemenway filed a. grievance that may be needed for critical illnesses therefore extravagant because it is the key charge against the State Department seeking and help hold down medical costs. to plugging the cost of the 15,000 deaths, reinstatement. The hearing-the first ever the reported 10 million injuries, and millions demanded by a. Foreign Service officer and Finally, the phrase "We want you-in the picture of health" calls attention to of uncounted job related illnesses and acci- the first accepted by the department in 15 dents, the IUD said. · years-is being contested. the need for intelligent, motivated re­ Mr. Hemenway testified that among the cruits for careers in the field of health. HEALTH HAZARDS latest list of 23 Foreign Service officers pro­ Health care is already the Nation's third Most complaints received by the Occupa­ moted to class one, the highest grade, 35 per largest industry, and new jobs are being tional Safety and Health Administration cent speak no foreign language while 30 per created every day. concern health hazards. "Labor Department cent speak only one. The regulations, he said, officers adinit that virtually every complaint call for proficiency in at least two foreign America has the best hospitals in the to date has been legitimate and often for languages before promotion to senior rank. world. Citizen participation can help _ serious health hazards," the IUD said. "Yet Of the 45 officers recently promoted to class make them serve their communities bet­ months often elapse before a hygienist can two, he said, 31 per cent speak no foreign ter than ever. conduct an investigation." language and 33 per cent speak only one. By the end of this fiscal year the Labor De­ Mr. Hemenway charged the management partment expects to have only about 40 in­ bureau of the State Department with pro­ dustrial hygienists at work. "Thye are being moting its own staff members to key assign­ asked to work without all the necessa ry ments-including promotion panels-and NATION IS LOSER BY FAILING TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE MONEY TO equipment. They are enforcing only a. few with tampering with personnel files in vio­ hundred environmental standards although lation of regulations. STAFF AND SUPPORT WORKER thousands of toxic substances and hazardous Mr. Hemenway showed the committee SAFETY AND HEALTH LAW physical agents are found in the workplace," copies of a. staff memorandum written last the IUD maintained. Oct. 1 from John A. Stevenson, State Depart­ Last year the Adininistra.tion asked for a ment legal adviser, to William B. Macomber HON. LES ASPIN little less than $63 million. This year it is Jr., Deputy Under Secretary for Management. requesting just over $97 Inillion. "But the The Stevenson memorandum criticized wide­ OF WISCONSIN need is a.stronoinical and, equally serious, it spread illegal access by promotion panels to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is not going to be spent in the most effective the "12 to 14 different" files maintained on Monday, May· 15, 1972 Inanner because key allocations have not every officer and recommended that such been made." practices be halted. Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, the Nation Only $27 million will be spent by OSHA "In the Department of State," Mr. Hemen­ on enforcement and new standards. The way charged, "you can prove anything in is the loser and workers themselves lose because the Occupational Safety and compliance force will about double but the personnel work--or conceal anything-de­ most important kind of skills will not be pending upon which files you choose to select Health Act of 1970 has not been properly gained in sufficient quantities. Though most for the purpose." supported by staff or money. of the industrial hygiene work could be Mr. Hemenway also testified that growing The Nixon budget for fiscal 1973 calls done by specially trained aides, no funds are numbers of employes of the bureau of man­ for $97 million for both the Department provided for this purpose, the IUD noted. agement are being admitted to the Foreign of Labor and the Department of Health, Much more environmental hazard infor­ Service without passing examinations. In mation could be transferred to the local several cases he said they had "neither col­ Education, and Welfare responsibilities to administer the new law. This is less OSHA offices through a. data transfer sys­ lege degrees nor language qualifications." tem, but no money has been supplied for A State Department spokesman, who said than $2 per worker, since 57 million the purpose. There are no systematically that he had not read Mr. Hemenway's testi­ workers are covered by Public Law 91- adequate links, electronic, computerized, or mony, explained that language qualifications 596. otherwise, with state and other federal agen­ for senior officers are "objectives" rather An excellent statement on the fiscal cies. There is not even effective face to face than minimal standards. He conceded that needs of the Occupational Safety and liaison, the IUD said. there haa been violations of regulations Health Administration-OSHA-and the "Recently a list of plants with probable through unauthorized access to personnel asbestos hazards, compiled in 1969 by the files but said that these practices had been National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-NIOSH-has been Department of Health, Education, and Wel­ stopped. fare, was transinitted by hand to OSHA by prepared by the Industrial Union De­ the IUD. Six weeks later no inspections had partment of the AFL-CIO. I commend it taken place as a consequence of this infor­ THE PICTURE OF HEALTH­ to my colleagues. mation," the IUD reported. NATIONAL HOSPITAL WEEK There is no other law on the statute STATE PLANS books today which more directly affects Federal policy actually discourages effec­ the environment and quality of life for tive state-federal communications. Planning HON. CHARLES THONE working people than does the worker funds are granted the states for information OF NEBRASKA health and safety law. It is a great trag­ and communications systems that are in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES edy that Congress has failed to provide compatible among the states and with fed­ adequate stat! and funds to make this Monday, May 15, 1972 eral agencies. law work for the good of the Nation and The Occupational Safety and Health Act Mr. THONE. Mr. Speaker, one of every for the working people of this country. makes it mantJ.atory for the Labor Depar1.­ seven people in the United States will be The statement follows: ment to monitor and assist state programs. 17388 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 15, 1972

However, if too many states operate their of dollars can be saved by modest expendi­ year for a. do-or-die military sweep into South own programs the Federal Government will tures at this time, the IUD maintained. Pos­ Vietnam. not have enough personnel for monitoring sibly thousands of lives can be saved. Mme. Nguyen Thi Binh deserves precisely and technical assistance. "If even a handful At least three centers exist in the eastern, the sharp rebuke which her fiagrant breach of states leave job safety in the hands of the central, and western states capable of quickly of international propriety has received from Federal Government, there will not be suf­ engaging in this program because of their the White House. It is members of Congress ficient personnel for enforcement of the trained and experienced staff. Each could themselves, however, who should rise in a standards in those states." absorb a $2 million program for a total of $6 body to express their indignation at this million. They are Mount Sinai, the Univer­ REVIEW COMMISSION patent attempt by a foreign official to use sity of Illinois, and either the University of them as tools for attaining Coinmunist ob­ The Occupational Safety and Health Re­ Southern California or the University of jectives in Southeast Asia. view Coinmission cannot even handle the Washington, the IUD said. In addition to the Mme. Binh attacks President Nixon's de­ current 6 percent rate of appeals of OSHA $6 million necessary to support three re­ termination to stand by South Vietnam in enforcement actions, the IUD said. source centers, NIOSH needs $6 million for the face of the invasion as "an adventurous The budget calls for a $220,000 increase its responsibilities in such a program. path fraught with unpredictable con­ for a total of $1.28 million, even though INFORMATION AVAILABILITY sequences." This might better be applied to hundreds of cases remain unsettled and her own venture into our politics. The con­ management organizations are st111 gearing One of the hard jobs in putting together a sequences could well be a final awakening by up to aid their clients in the appeals process. government program is to use the resources leaders of both our political parties to the of other agencies. Retrieval is laborious and fact that the people most eager to keep the NIOSH time consuming since there are no connec­ The National Institute for Occupational "Vietnam issue" alive in this American elec­ tions and no interaction between data banks tion are the North Vietnamese and the Viet Safety and Health is the most tragic case, that enable OSHA, for example, to know even the IUD said. The effective budget increase what useful information may exist in the Cong themselves. in the $29.5 million does not even absorb the Department of Agriculture or other agencies. The Binh letter is the most bold and ar­ increased cost of doing business since the "What we need is a national, coordinated rogant example so far of how the Coinmu­ last budget request. Vital programs have information grid," the IUD said. An informal nists are trying to infiuence political think­ been eliminated and others severely cut. system could be operative in three or four ing in the United States to smooth their way The primary role of NIOSH is the supply­ months. A formal system will take three to for conquest in Asia. They have stepped up ing of safety and health knowledge through five years to complete. There is absolutely no or scaled down the level of fighting at pro­ research and training. If the states take over money available for this purpose, although pitious moments to correspond with our na­ the enforcement load, since the Federal Gov­ studies financed by HEW supporting this tional mood as they read it through anti­ ernment has the resources and logical posi­ essential effort have been completed. war demonstrations and the rise and fall of tion to develop uniform and comprehensive "Only crisis forces coordination. The crisis debate on Vietnam. standards for use by federal and State agen­ is here but nothing will happen without con­ They used the offer of negotiations to gain cies, NIOSH will have greater importance gressional action," the IUD said. a bombing halt in 1968, and since then have than OSHA. "If the Federal Government played cat-and-mouse with our delegation The IUD recoiUIDended several NIOSH drawn to Paris by the lure of peace and the retains its enforcement role, NIOSH will re­ budget additions for fiscal 1973. These are main equal in importance to OSHA. But the hint of release of our prisoners of war. Now, design and pilot operation of coordinated in­ when they needed only to stand quietly by budget does not reflect that fact." formation grid, $1 million; field investiga­ NIOSH suffers from the Administration's and await the total withdrawal of our troops, tions, $5 million; training program (includ­ they elected to launch a full-scale invasion plans to transfer it to the Coinmerce Depart­ ing audiovisual), $5 million; research grants, of South Vietnam in the hope of humiliating ment, an obvious conflict of interest situa­ $10 million; education grants, $10 million; tion, the IUD said. The Department of Health, the Americans on the eve of our national and special health care, $12 million. Total re­ elections. Education, and Welfare knows of the impend­ $43 quested additional funds total million. It may be a sign of desperation that has ing transfer and is not about to waste ra­ prompted Mme. Binh to insinuate herself tioned supergrades on an agency it is going directly into our Congress. The North Viet­ to lose. namese have poured virtually everyt~ing they The proposed NIOSH budget provides no HANOI WARLORDS WANT TO PLAY have into South Vietnam, and th~ South funds for short term, in-house training. FOOTSIE WITH MEMBERS OF U.S. Vietnamese have made them pay in hlood for Grants to educational institutions will not CONGRESS every inch of land that they have gained. provide for any new training programs in Coinmunists have failed in three weeks of schools and colleges. There will be no signifi­ intensive fighting even to capture the major cant increase in research. NIOSH is being cities that would give them an opportunity hurt by the hiring freeze and decreased grade HON. 0. C. FISHER to symbolize a "victory." level average. OF TEXAS North Vietnam and the Viet Cong know Some programs in NIOSH are particularly _!N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their only real victory would come with the hard hit. The training program 1s trying to total desertion of South Vietnam by the supply the people who can, for example, count Monday, May 15, 1972 United States. They can achieve this only if microscopic fibers of asbestos. This need is Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, at a time controversy over our Vietnam policy is stirred increasing but there are no funds for the pur­ and kept at a boil. Members of Congress, pose. when the lives of 60,000 Americans are threatened by an invading enemy hell­ especially those who are candidates this year, By the Government's own calculations, should open their eyes to deliberate attempts 3,000 doctors are needed iinmediately to pro­ bent on slaughter and destruction; when from outside our country to weaken the re­ vide medical services generated by the Act. the enemy is throwing all his resources solve of the American people at this crucial Only a few are being trained as specialists in into one infamous thrust; when the Com­ moment in the Vietnam struggle. job medicine. Only the Government has the munists no longer attempt to conceal ability to support fully the educational insti­ their reliance upon support !rom Ameri­ tutions. The current $1.7 million is grossly in­ cans in this country-they have the un­ adequate, the IUD said. mitigated gall to write personal letters MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ The proposed budget provides for only to Members of Congress to solicit help about $2 million in grants for OSHA health HOW LONG? research, the same as last year. It ts only and impugn the motives of our President. enough to adequately fund a single university This unprecedented intrusion should J. program. be treated as an open insult by every HON. WILLIAM SCHERLE The NIOSH Division of Field Studies is in­ recipient, and it must be repudiated in OF IOWA sufficiently staffed. "They will never be able no uncertain terms. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to hire enough people to be sure that the con­ I include an excellent editorial which Monday, May 15, 1972 tractors do an honest job." appeared in the April 17 issue of the San Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child SPECIAL HEALTH CARE Diego Union. The editorial follows: The critical need to care for those already asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: EXTRAORDINARY LETTER-REDS INVADE "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my affiicted with occupational diseases is not AMERICAN POLITICS husband alive or dead?" even mentioned in the NIOSH budget. Early The extraordinary letter sent by the Viet action is necessary to save the lives of thou­ Cong foreign minister to members of the Communist North Vietnam is sadisti­ sands already exposed to disease causing ma­ U.S. Congress should remove any doubt that cally practicing spiritual and mental terials. the Communists have picked 1972 for a genocide on over 1,600 American prison­ In economic terms, by anticipating the direct invasion of the American political proc­ ers of war and their families. needs of these workers, hundreds of millions ess just a.s surely as they have picked this How long?