DOCSLIB.ORG

Ethnic Politics in Chicago 1890–1936

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ethnic Politics in Chicago 1890–1936 University of Kentucky UKnowledge American Politics Political Science 1971 A House for All Peoples: Ethnic Politics in Chicago 1890–1936 John M. Allswang California State College Los Angeles Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Allswang, John M., "A House for All Peoples: Ethnic Politics in Chicago 1890–1936" (1971). American Politics. 7. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_political_science_american_politics/7 cA House for all Peoples This page intentionally left blank ~ House for all Peoples ETHNIC POLITICS IN CHICAGO 1890-1936 John M. Attswang T he University Press of Kentucky ISBN 978-0-8131-5098-7 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-119810 Copyright © 1971 by The University Press of Kentucky A statewide cooperative scholarly publishing agency serving Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, Kentucky State College, Morehead State University, Murray State University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. Editorial and Sales Offices: Lexington, Kentucky 40506 for my father, of blessed memory~ and my mother This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface ix PART ONE: ETHNIC POLITICS, 1890-1936 I. Ethnic Groups & Their Politics 3 II. Chicago's Ethnics & Their Politics to 191 7 15 III. Ethnic Voting Behavior, 1918- 1 936 37 IV. Some Measures of Ethnic Voting Behavior 60 V. Ethnic Group Party Identification 76 VI. Political Party Self-Conceptions 91 PART TWO: THE FORCES OF COALITION VII. Political Issues III VIII. Political Organization 139 IX. Crime & Reform 168 X. Socioeconomic Class 182 XI. Conclusion.' A House for all Peoples 205 Appendix 213 Bibliographical Essay 241 Index 249 This page intentionally left blank Preface In this book I am trying to investigate the relationship between ethnic pluralism and American politics in an era of political and social change. The study has been worked out over a lengthy period of time, in several stages. Where I originally sought to inquire into a limited area of political analysis and a small number of elections, I have found myself being pushed into a steadily expanding period of time and a wide variety of interrelated sociopolitical and intellectual problems. During the course of this intellectual voyage my conception of the problem has changed considerably; new questions have supplanted older ones. Similarly, new methods and tools have been required to deal adequately with the com­ plexities of the problem. The analysis of political behavior seems particularly suited to quanti­ tative analytical techniques. The methodological discussion in the Appen­ dix will explain how I have endeavored to build quantitative models for description and analysis. Hopefully a reasonable balance has been struck between the number and the word, with the strengths and weaknesses of each being duly recognized. Certainly the myriad forces involved in mass political behavior in a democratic society require all the analytical devices and insights the historian can bring to them. Throughout my work I have had the sage counsel of Prof. Samuel P. Hays of the University of Pittsburgh; he has shared with me his shrewd critical insights into specific problems and into historical inquiry gener­ ally, and I am most grateful to him. I have also been greatly assisted by the substantive and methodological work of a generation of social scien­ tists, a debt inadequately expressed in the impersonality of footnotes. I am grateful also to Profs. Richard Jensen of Washington University and Robert Zemsky of the University of Pennsylvania for their effective x Preface presentation of insights into the handling of quantitative techniques in history at the 1968 summer program of 1:he Inter-University Consortium for Political Research at Ann Arbor. ])espite these and other debts, remembered and forgotten, the responsibility for the substance and method of the study is of course my own. I would like to thank the following institutions for the facilities and assistance made available to me: the <:hicago Historical Society, the Newberry library, the American Jewish Archives, the Midwest Interli­ brary Center, the University of Chicago libraries, the Roosevelt Univer­ sity library, the Northern Michigan University library, the library of the National Opinion Research Center, and the Johnson Publishing Com­ pany. The Board of Election Commissioners of the City of Chicago, and particularly its warehouse staff, were especially 'hospitable to my burden­ some needs on a number of occasions. And the Department of Economics of California State College-Los Angeles generously made available for my use its Underwood-Olivetti Programma desktop computer. My wife, Suzanne, has devoted hune.reds of hours to this study, in recording countless election returns, calculating endless percentages, help­ ing with the preparation of graphs and tables, proofreading, and relocat­ ing data which I was sure was lost forever. Additionally, she has rendered those intangible assistances which are so essential to sanity amidst schol­ arship; without her this book would J:lot have been completed. My daughter, Eden, contributed her smile. Part One Ethnic Politics I890-I936 This page intentionally left blank 1. Ethnic Groups & Their Politics This book comprises a study of the political behavior of the ethnic groups of a major American city from 1890 to 1936. More specifically, it centers on the role of those groups in the rise to unprecedented power of the Democratic party in Chicago. Thus emphasis will be placed on the period from the end of World War I to the first Roosevelt election. The central questions will be: what was the role of ethnic groups in Chicago's politics, and to what extent was the changing political balance of power attributable to their political behavior? I shall first be concerned with describing ethnic political behavior, and then with uncovering the reasons behind it. In the course of the inquiry, a number of ancillary questions will also arise. How do ethnic groups make their way into the American political system and into American society generally? What is the key to party and leadership success in the politics of a pluralistic society? What kinds of issues mean the most to American voters? Are local, state, and national politics one, or separate? What are the dynamics of political relationships and are they one-way or reciprocal? Do American political parties have discoverable ideologies or self-conceptions? A number of methodological questions will also arise. How are political relationships to be understood? How easily determined is the apparently simple question: to which party does a group of people belong? What are the best tools for analyzing political history? Which among a group of variables is most important in the only partly rational phenomenon called political behavior? The role of urban ethnic groups in bringing about the revival of the national Democratic party by the early 1930S has been appreciated by many historians. Only since they have begun to employ new methods, 4 A House fo, all Peoples however, have the origins and extent of this role begun really to be understood. Samuel Lubell, in his pace-setting The Future of American Politics, studied the political behavior of American counties and cities and used their demographic variations to explain political development. He pointed to the 1928 election as the great turning point in the revival of the Democratic party.1 Historians have followed his lead and have exam­ ined this development more intensively.2 The tools of social science have been central to this more careful understanding of the role of groups in the American political process. These tools have been important in two ways. First, they can be employed in historical analysis, providing more complete and more definite infor­ mation than was previously available. The use of quantification was a first step, and one that is still being taken.8 More sophisticated, not necessarily quantitative, social science concepts are now also available and pertinent to political history.4 And second, historians have been directed toward new foci of investigation-leaving behind traditional and stereotyped foci and moving on to consideration of perhaps more meaningful interrela­ tionships among men and groups of men.5 This study attempts to analyze political development through a com­ bination of quantitative and qualitative techniques. Its statistics and meth­ odology are elementary and technically simple, which well suits the 1 Samuel Lubell, The Futu1'e of American Politics, 2d ed. (Garden City, N.Y., 1956). 2 E.g., J. Joseph Huthmacher, Massachusetts People and Politics, I9I9-I933 (Cambridge, Mass., 1959); David Burner, The Politics of P1'ovincialism (New York, 1968). 8 See William C. Aydelotte, uQuantification in History," American HistoNcal Review 71 (April 1966): 803-25; and response by Samuel P. Hays and Lee Benson, American Historical Association Newslette1' 4 (June 1966): 8-16. 4 On voting, see Bernard Berelson and others, Voting: A Study of Opinion F01'mation in a Pf'esidential Campaign (Chicago, 1954); Angus Campbell and others, The Voter Decides (Evanston, 111., 1954); Paul Lazarsfeld and others, The People's Choice, 2d ed. (New York, 1948). An outstanding example of the kinds of conceptual tools afforded is Robert K. Merton, Social T heo1'y and Social St1'ucture, rev. 00. (Glencoe, 111., 1957). On the relevance of these concepts and methods to historiography, see Edward N. Saveth, ed., American Histof'Y and the Social Sciences (New York, 1964). 5 See Samuel P. Hays, uHistory as Human Behavior," Iowa Journal of Histof''' 58 (July 1960): 193-206, and uNew Approaches to American Political History, 1880-1920," Paper presented to the meetings of the American Historical Asso­ ciation, Dec.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hizzoner Big Bill Thompson : an Idyll of Chicago
    2 LI E> HAHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS B T478b cop. I . H . S . Hizzoner Big Bill Thompson JONATHAN CAPE AND HARRISON SMITH, INCORPORATED, 139 EAST 46TH STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. AND 77 WELLINGTON STREET, WEST, TORONTO, CANADA; JONATHAN CAPE, LTD. 30 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, W. C. 1, ENGLAND Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/hizzonerbigbilltOObrig ->-^ BIG BILL THOMPSON (CARICATURE BY CARRENO) BY JOHN BRIGHT Introduction by Harry Elmer Barnes Hizzoner Big Bill Thompson An Idyll of Chicago NEW YORK JONATHAN CAPE & HARRISON SMITH COPYRIGHT, 1930, BY JOHN BRIGHT FIRST PUBLISHED 1930 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY J. J. LITTLE & IVES CO. AND BOUND BY THE J. F. TAPLEY CO. — r TH i This Book Is Respectfully Dedicated to MR. WALTER LIPPMANN ". Here and there some have found a way of life in this new world. They have put away vain hopes, have ceased to ask guaranties and are yet serene. But they are only a handful. They do the enduring work of the world, for work like theirs, done with no ulterior bias and for its own sake, is work done in truth, in beauty, and in goodness. There is not much of it, and it does not greatly occupy the attention of mankind. Its excellence is quiet. But it persists through all the spectacular commotions. And long after, it is all that men care much to remember." American Inquisitors. BIG BILL THE BUILDER A Campaign Ditty Scanning his fry's pages, we find names we love so well, Heroes of the ages—of their deeds we love to tell, But right beside them soon there'll be a name Of someone we all acclaim.
    [Show full text]
  • The Troubling History of Mayoral Control of the Public Schools in Twentieth-Century Chicago
    Cleveland State University EngagedScholarship@CSU Curriculum & Foundations Faculty Publications Curriculum & Foundations Department 2-2009 "Good Politics Is Good Government": The Troubling History of Mayoral Control of the Public Schools in Twentieth-century Chicago James (Jim) C. Carl Cleveland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/edc_f_facpub Part of the American Politics Commons, Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Education Law Commons, Political History Commons, and the Social History Commons How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Publisher's Statement © 2009 by The University of Chicago. Original Citation Carl, J. (2009). "Good politics is good government": The troubling history of mayoral control of the public schools in twentieth-century Chicago. American Journal of Education, 115(2), 305-336. doi: 10.1086/ 595666 Repository Citation Carl, James (Jim) C., ""Good Politics Is Good Government": The Troubling History of Mayoral Control of the Public Schools in Twentieth-century Chicago" (2009). Curriculum & Foundations Faculty Publications. 1. https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/edc_f_facpub/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Curriculum & Foundations Department at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Curriculum & Foundations Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Good politics is good government”: The Troubling History of Mayoral Control of the Public Schools in Twentieth-Century Chicago JIM CARL Cleveland State University This article looks at urban education through the vantage point of Chicago’s mayors. It begins with Carter H.
    [Show full text]
  • “Shadow on the Land”: Thomas Parran and the New Deal
    IV “Shadow on the Land”: Thomas Parran and the New Deal 1 In November 1934 the Columbia Broadcasting Company scheduled a radio ad- dress by New York State Health Commissioner Thomas Parran, Jr., on future goals in the area of public health. Parran planned to review the major problems confronting public health officers in their battle against disease. But the talk was never delivered. Moments before air-time, CBS informed him that he could not mention syphilis and gonorrhea by name; in response to this decision, Par- ran refused to go on. Listeners who had tuned in to hear the address heard piano melodies instead. Parran, reacting angrily to being censored, pointed out the hypocrisy in the standards for radio broadcasting. In a press release issued by his office the next day, he commented that his speech should have been considered more acceptable than “the veiled obscenity permitted by Columbia in the vaudeville acts of some of their commercial programs.”’ Fifteen years earlier, during the anti-venereal crusade during World War 1, the conspiracy of silence had appeared to be defeated. Newspapers and maga- zines had dramatically publicized the problem; Congress and the military ad- dressed it forthrightly. In the following years, however, the anti-venereal cam- paign had faltered. After the radical interventions that the war brought on-not only in politics and economics, but socially as well-America returned to a “normalcy” that also pervaded public health efforts. The 1920s, despite their apparent frivolity, marked less of a watershed in the area of sexual morality than has often been assumed.
    [Show full text]
  • How a Failed Assassination Attempt on Franklin Delano Roosevelt Ended in the Death of Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago
    Review Article Clinics in Surgery Published: 07 Jan, 2019 How A Failed Assassination Attempt on Franklin Delano Roosevelt Ended in the Death of Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago Theodore N Pappas* Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham NC, North Carolina, USA Abstract On February 15 1933, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was returning from a Florida fishing trip and passed through the Biscayne Park area of Miami to give a brief speech. The mayor of Chicago, Anton Cermak, was in Florida on vacation and planned to meet the president-elect just after the speech. Moments after Cermak and Roosevelt shook hands, several shots were fired. A 32-year-old bricklayer, Giuseppe Zangara, was attempting to assassinate Roosevelt but missed and hit Cermak and four other bystanders. Cermak was taken to Jackson Memorial Hospital where he died 19 days later. This manuscript reviews the health care provided to the mayor during those 19 days. Although the cause of death has been contested, Anton Cermak probably recovered from his gunshot wounds but died of complicated ulcerative colitis. Introduction On February 15 1933, president-elect, Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), was returning from a fishing trip off Miami. He and his security detail were passing through the Biscayne Park area of Miami for an announced stop where he was to give a brief speech. At the same time the Mayor of Chicago, Anton Cermak, was on vacation in Florida and wanted to meet with the president-elect. He contacted Roosevelt’s team and was instructed to wait at the grandstand area of the Bay front Park where the president-elect would be able to meet with the mayor.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside Medill San Francisco \ London Calling \ Political Aims \ Blueprints to Green Screens
    INSIDE MEDILL SAN FRANCISCO \ LONDON CALLING \ POLITICAL AIMS \ BLUEPRINTS TO GREEN SCREENS FALLWINTER 2016 2017 \ ISSUE\ ISSUE 94 95 \ ALUMNI\ ALUMNI MAGAZINE MAGAZINE \ MEDILL NEWS CONTENTS \ EDITORIAL STAFF DIRECTOR OF ALUMNI Medill helped host the RELATIONS AND ENGAGEMENT 2016 NABJ Region II Belinda Lichty Clarke (MSJ94) Conference and Media MANAGING EDITOR Institute on Finance Katherine Dempsey (BSJ15, MSJ15) held Sept. 30 DESIGN Amanda Good Attendees at the Sept. 30 NABJ Region II Conference and Media Institute on Finance held at FACULTY ADVISER Medill’s new Chicago space at 303 E. Wacker. Charles Whitaker (BSJ80, MSJ81) PHOTOGRAPHERS Jenna Braunstein Steve Lee CONTRIBUTORS Beth Moellers Michelle E. Shaw Lauren Drell (MSJ05) Anna Keller (MSJ09) Thomas Day (MSJ08) K. Aleisha Fetters (BSJ09, MSJ09) Medill grad DERRICK BLAKELY (BSJ75), a Erin Golden (MSJ07) reporter at CBS 2 Chicago, counsels a Columbia Angela Kwan (MSJ09) College student at the conference. EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS 8 THE 24 POLITICAL Photo credits: National Association of BLOOMBERG AIMS Black Journalists Carson Brown (BSJ17) Allyna Melville (BSJ19) WAY Thomas Day (MSJ09) reflects New course seeks to on running for public office. MEDILL CHICAGO IS THE BOMB! increase diversity in business journalism. “I attribute much of the success of the NABJ Region II Conference and 26 BLUEPRINTS TO Media Institute on Finance to location, location, location. The Medill GREEN SCREENS Chicago facility gave us more flexibility with programming. The small 10 LONDON Theresa Chong (MSJ13) hung rooms offered an intimate setting for students to meet with media CALLING up her hardhat to revisit her childhood passion—and mentors. The classrooms were the perfect accommodations for our Medill IMC expands its global various workshops, and the open space with monitors, mics and a academic initiatives with the reinvent multimedia and perfect sound system complimented our major sessions.
    [Show full text]
  • USSS) Director's Monthly Briefings 2006 - 2007
    Description of document: United States Secret Service (USSS) Director's Monthly Briefings 2006 - 2007 Requested date: 15-October-2007 Appealed date: 29-January-2010 Released date: 23-January-2010 Appeal response: 12-April-2010 Posted date: 19-March-2010 Update posted: 19-April-2010 Date/date range of document: January 2006 – December 2007 Source of document: United States Secret Service Communications Center (FOI/PA) 245 Murray Lane Building T-5 Washington, D.C. 20223 Note: Appeal response letter and additional material released under appeal appended to end of this file. The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website.
    [Show full text]
  • Shaping Chicago's Sense of Self: Chicago Journalism in The
    Richard Junger. Becoming the Second City: Chicago's Mass News Media, 1833-1898. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010. xiv + 235 pp. $25.00, paper, ISBN 978-0-252-07785-2. Reviewed by Jon Bekken Published on Jhistory (August, 2011) Commissioned by Donna Harrington-Lueker (Salve Regina University) In this book, Richard Junger explores the de‐ sensibilities that often dominated local politics. velopment of the Chicago press in the nineteenth This is a particularly valuable study because it century (from 1833, when the city’s frst newspa‐ leads Junger to focus on a period that has re‐ per appeared, until 1898), looking at several key ceived relatively little attention, particularly from moments to understand the press’s role in shap‐ journalism historians, and once again reminds us ing the city’s development and its sense of itself. that the practice of journalism by no means uni‐ The jacket copy calls attention to Junger’s discus‐ formly followed the progressive narrative that sion of the 1871 fre, the Haymarket Square inci‐ still too often shapes our approaches. dent, the Pullman Strike, and the World’s My major criticism of this very useful work is Columbian Exposition--all from the fnal two the extent to which it persists in treating Chicago decades of the study--but this material occupies journalism as a singular entity, and one distinct less than half the book, and is not its most signifi‐ from other centers of social power. Junger’s subti‐ cant contribution. Junger’s key focus is the path tle refers to “Chicago’s Mass News Media,” per‐ that led Chicago to become America’s second city-- haps in recognition of the fact that his focus on a campaign of civic boosterism that obviously English-language daily newspapers excludes the aimed significantly higher, but nonetheless played vast majority of titles published in the city.
    [Show full text]
  • Printed U.S.A./November 1984 a Contemporary View of the Old Chicago Water Tower District
    J,, I •CITY OF CHICAGO Harold Washington, Mayor COMMISSION ON CHICAGO HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL LANDMARKS Ira]. Bach, Chairman Ruth Moore Garbe, Vice-Chairman Joseph Benson, Secretary John W. Baird Jerome R. Butler, Jr. William M. Drake John A. Holabird Elizabeth L. Hollander Irving J. Markin William M. McLenahan, Director Room 516 320 N. Clark Street Chicago, Illinois 60610 (312) 744-3200 Printed U.S.A./November 1984 A contemporary view of the Old Chicago Water Tower District. (Bob Thall, photographer) OLD CHICAGO WATER TOWER DISTRICT Bounded by Chicago Avenue, Seneca and Pearson streets, and Michigan Avenue. The district is com­ prised of the Old Chicago Water Tower, Chicago Avenue Pumping Station, Fire Station of Engine Company No. 98, Seneca and Water Tower parks. The district was designated a Chicago Landmark by the City Council on October 6, 1971; the district was expanded by the City Council on June 10, 1981. Standing on both north corners of the prominent inter­ section of Michigan and Chicago avenues are two important and historic links with the past, the Old Chicago Water Tower and the Chicago Avenue Pumping Station. The Old Water Tower, on the northwest corner, has long been recog­ nized as Chicago's most familiar and beloved landmark. The more architecturally interesting of the two structures, it is no longer functional and has not been since early in this century. The Pumping Station, the still functioning unit of the old waterworks, stands on the northeast corner. When the waterworks were constructed at this site in the late 1860s, there was no busy Michigan Avenue separating the adjoining picturesque buildings.
    [Show full text]
  • H. Doc. 108-222
    912 Biographical Directory to California in 1877 and established a wholesale fruit and D commission business; was a member of the National Guard of California, and subsequently assisted in the organization DADDARIO, Emilio Quincy, a Representative from of the Coast Guard, of which he later became brigadier Connecticut; born in Newton Center, Suffolk County, Mass., general in command of the Second Brigade; elected as a September 24, 1918; attended the public schools in Boston, Republican to the Fifty-second Congress (March 4, 1891- Mass., Tilton (N.H.) Academy, and Newton (Mass.) Country March 3, 1893); declined to be a candidate for renomination Day School; graduated from Wesleyan University, Middle- in 1892; in 1894 settled in New York City, where he became town, Conn., in 1939; attended Boston University Law interested in the automobile industry; retired to Westport, School 1939-1941; transferred to University of Connecticut N.Y., in 1907; died in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, November and graduated in 1942; was admitted to the bar in Con- 24, 1911; interment in Hillside Cemetery, Westport, N.Y. necticut and Massachusetts in 1942 and commenced the practice of law in Middletown, Conn.; in February 1943 en- CUTTS, Charles, a Senator from New Hampshire; born listed as a private in the United States Army; assigned in Portsmouth, N.H., January 31, 1769; graduated from Har- to the Office of Strategic Services at Fort Meade, Md.; served vard University in 1789; studied law; admitted to the bar overseas in the Mediterranean Theater; was separated
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Influenza Also by John M
    THE GREAT INFLUENZA ALSO BY JOHN M. BARRY Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How It Changed America Power Plays: Politics, Football, and Other Blood Sports The Transformed Cell: Unlocking the Mysteries of Cancer (with Steven Rosenberg) The Ambition and the Power: A True Story of Washington THE GREAT INFLUENZA The Epic Story of the Deadliest Plague in History JOHN M. BARRY VIKING VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 Penguin Books India (P) Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110 017, India Penguin Books (N.Z.) Ltd, Cnr Rosedale and Airborne Roads, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Copyright © John M. Barry, 2004 All rights reserved Photograph credits appear on Back Matter. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Barry, John M. The great influenza: the epic story of the deadliest plague in history / John M. Barry. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN: 1-101-20097-9 1. Influenza—History—20th century. I. Title. RC150.4.B37 2004 614.5'18'09041—dc22 2003057646 Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAIRMEN of SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–Present
    CHAIRMEN OF SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–present INTRODUCTION The following is a list of chairmen of all standing Senate committees, as well as the chairmen of select and joint committees that were precursors to Senate committees. (Other special and select committees of the twentieth century appear in Table 5-4.) Current standing committees are highlighted in yellow. The names of chairmen were taken from the Congressional Directory from 1816–1991. Four standing committees were founded before 1816. They were the Joint Committee on ENROLLED BILLS (established 1789), the joint Committee on the LIBRARY (established 1806), the Committee to AUDIT AND CONTROL THE CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE SENATE (established 1807), and the Committee on ENGROSSED BILLS (established 1810). The names of the chairmen of these committees for the years before 1816 were taken from the Annals of Congress. This list also enumerates the dates of establishment and termination of each committee. These dates were taken from Walter Stubbs, Congressional Committees, 1789–1982: A Checklist (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985). There were eleven committees for which the dates of existence listed in Congressional Committees, 1789–1982 did not match the dates the committees were listed in the Congressional Directory. The committees are: ENGROSSED BILLS, ENROLLED BILLS, EXAMINE THE SEVERAL BRANCHES OF THE CIVIL SERVICE, Joint Committee on the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LIBRARY, PENSIONS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, RETRENCHMENT, REVOLUTIONARY CLAIMS, ROADS AND CANALS, and the Select Committee to Revise the RULES of the Senate. For these committees, the dates are listed according to Congressional Committees, 1789– 1982, with a note next to the dates detailing the discrepancy.
    [Show full text]
  • A Body of Text: Physical Culture and the Marketing of Mobility
    A BODY OF TEXT: PHYSICAL CULTURE AND THE MARKETING OF MOBILITY by Andrea Dale Lapin B.A., Douglass College at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 1994 M.A., University of Pittsburgh 1998 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2013 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH THE KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Andrea Dale Lapin It was defended on April 15, 2013 and approved by Jonathan Arac, PhD, Andrew W Mellon Professor, Department of English William Scott, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of English Brenton Malin, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Communication Thesis Director: Nancy Glazener, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of English ii Copyright © by Andrea Dale Lapin 2013 iii A BODY OF TEXT: PHYSICAL CULTURE AND THE MARKETING OF MOBILITY Andrea Dale Lapin, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2013 Drawing on Althusserian notions of ideology and Bourdieu’s understanding of bodily hexis, A Body of Text seeks to reframe Physical Culture as an artifact worthy of serious study, more complex and less reactionary than its beefcake-and-sentiment reputation might suggest. This dissertation addresses the story of Physical Culture magazine from three different perspectives, reading the magazine through lenses of media history, medical history and social context, in order to understand the ways in which class operated on and through the body. In contrast to nearly every other publication in the early twentieth century, Physical Culture suggested that class mobility was possible, and that success would naturally follow improvement of body and health.
    [Show full text]