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The Effectiveness of Iowa's Automated Red Light Running Enforcement Programs Eric John Fitzsimmons Iowa State University

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The Effectiveness of Iowa's Automated Red Light Running Enforcement Programs Eric John Fitzsimmons Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2007 The effectiveness of Iowa's automated red light running enforcement programs Eric John Fitzsimmons Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Fitzsimmons, Eric John, "The effectiveness of Iowa's automated red light running enforcement programs" (2007). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15096. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15096 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The effectiveness of Iowa’s automated red light running enforcement programs by Eric John Fitzsimmons A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Civil Engineering (Transportation Engineering) Program of Study Committee: Shauna Hallmark, Major Professor Reginald R. Souleyrette David J. Plazak Neal Hawkins Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2007 Copyright © Eric John Fitzsimmons, 2007. All rights reserved. UMI Number: 1446132 Copyright 2007 by Fitzsimmons, Eric John All rights reserved. UMI Microform 1446132 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ii DISCLAIMER This document was used in partial fulfillment of the requirements set forth by Iowa State University for the degree of Master of Science. The numerical results and conclusions made in this report regarding “system effectiveness” are interim steps for a final report and should not reflect the final and / or current views of the Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT), The Center for Transportation Research and Education (CTRE), or Iowa State University (ISU). Further research involving the effectiveness of Iowa’s automated red light running enforcement programs performed by CTRE and / or the Iowa DOT may alter the results as reported herein. iii DEDICATION Dedicated to the lives in Iowa saved or will be saved by automated red light running enforcement. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................................x LIST OF EQUATIONS.......................................................................................................................................xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................................................xiv ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................................................xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 Civilization Versus “Big Brother is Watching You” Versus Safety................................................1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT / STATEWIDE ANALYSIS ............................................................................2 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................5 2.0 BACKGROUND .........................................................................................................................................5 2.1 DRIVER AND INTERSECTION CHARACTERISTICS...........................................................................6 2.1.1 Legal Explanation of a Change Interval.........................................................................................6 2.1.2 Determining the Factors of Crash Frequency................................................................................7 2.1.3 Characteristics of Red Light Runners.............................................................................................7 2.1.4 Intersection Characteristics and RLR.............................................................................................9 2.1.5 Traffic and Environment...............................................................................................................10 2.2 RLR COUNTERMEASURES...................................................................................................................10 2.2.1 Engineering ..................................................................................................................................11 2.2.2 Public Education ..........................................................................................................................16 2.2.3 Enforcement..................................................................................................................................16 2.3 AUTOMATED ENFORCEMENT............................................................................................................17 2.4 AUTOMATED RED LIGHT CAMERAS.................................................................................................18 2.4.1 Early Camera Technology............................................................................................................18 2.4.2 Modern Camera Technology ........................................................................................................19 2.4.3 Camera Systems & Plate Identification Systems ..........................................................................23 2.5 RLR PROGRAMS.....................................................................................................................................24 2.5.1 New York City, New York .............................................................................................................25 2.5.2 San Francisco, California ............................................................................................................26 2.5.3 Portland, Oregon..........................................................................................................................27 2.6 SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS ....................................................................................................................28 2.6.1 Spillover Effects............................................................................................................................29 2.6.2 RLR Performance Measures.........................................................................................................29 2.6.3 Violation and Crash Studies .........................................................................................................30 2.6.4 International Results.....................................................................................................................35 2.6.5 United States Results ....................................................................................................................39 2.6.6 Effectiveness Literature Review Conclusions ...............................................................................40 2.7 LEGAL AND SOCIAL CONCERNS........................................................................................................41 2.7.1 Constitutional Privacy Laws.........................................................................................................41 2.7.1 Admissibility Issues with Automated Enforcement .......................................................................45 2.7.3 Commercial RLR Camera Countermeasures................................................................................46 CHAPTER 3: A VIOLATION STUDY OF CLIVE, IOWA ...............................................................................48 3.1 DESCRIPTION OF CLIVE, IOWA...........................................................................................................48 3.2 BACKGROUND OF CLIVE’S RLR PROGRAM ....................................................................................48 3.2.1 Instrumentation.............................................................................................................................48 3.2.2 Payment Structure ........................................................................................................................50 3.2.3 Functionality of System.................................................................................................................52 v 3.2.4 Ticket Issuing................................................................................................................................53 3.2.5 Revenue.........................................................................................................................................57
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