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Geologic Studies of Union County, New Mexico

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Geologic Studies of Union County, New Mexico Bulletin 63 New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources A DIVISION OF NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY Geologic Studies of Union County, New Mexico by Brewster Baldwin and William R. Muehlberger SOCORRO 1959 NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY KENNETH W. FORD, President NEW MEXICO BUREAU OF MINES & MINERAL RESOURCES FRANK E. KOTTLOWSKI, Director GEORGE S. Austin, Deputy Director BOARD OF REGENTS Ex Officio Bruce King, Governor of New Mexico Leonard DeLayo, Superintendent of Public Instruction Appointed William G. Abbott, Secretary-Treasurer, 1961-1985, Hobbs Judy Floyd, President, 1977-1981, Las Cruces Owen Lopez, 1977-1983, Santa Fe Dave Rice, 1972-1983, Carlsbad Steve Torres, 1967-1985, Socorro BUREAU STAFF Full Time MARLA D. ADKINS, Assistant Editor LYNNE MCNEIL, Staff Secretary ORIN J. ANDERSON, Geologist NORMA J. MEEKS, Department Secretary RUBEN ARCHULETA, Technician I ARLEEN MONTOYA, Librarian/Typist WILLIAM E. ARNOLD, Scientific Illustrator SUE NESS, Receptionist ROBERT A. BIEBERMAN, Senior Petrol. Geologist ROBERT M. NORTH, Mineralogist LYNN A. BRANDVOLD, Chemist JOANNE C. OSBURN, Geologist CORALE BRIEBLEY, Chemical Microbiologist GLENN R. OSBURN, Volcanologist BRENDA R. BROADWELL, Assoc. Lab Geoscientist LINDA PADILLA, Staff Secretary FRANK CAMPBELL, Coal Geologist JOAN C. PENDLETON, Associate Editor RICHARD CHAMBERLIN, Economic Geologist JUDY PERALTA, Executive Secretary CHARLES E. CHAPIN, Senior Geologist BARBARA R. Popp, Lab. Biotechnologist JEANETTE CHAVEZ, Admin. Secretary I ROBERT QUICK, Driller's Helper/Driller RICHARD R. CHAVEZ, Assistant Head, Petroleum MARSHALL A. REITER, Senior Geophyicist RUBEN A. CRESPIN, Laboratory Technician II JACQUES R. RENAULT, Senior Geologist Lois M. DEVLIN, Director, Bus.-Pub. Office JAMES M. ROBERTSON, Mining Geologist KATHY C. EDEN, Editorial Technician GRETCHEN H. ROYBAL, Coal Geologist ROBERT W. EVELETH, Mining Engineer AMY SHACKLETT, Asst. Lab Biotechnologist ROUSSEAU H. FLOWER, Sr. Emeritus Paleontologist JACKIE H. SMITH, Laboratory Technician IV STEPHEN J. FROST, Coal Geologist WILLIAM J. STONE, Hydrogeologist JOHN W. HAWLEY, Environmental Geologist SAMUEL THOMPSON III, Petroleum Geologist STEPHEN C. HOOK, Paleontologist DEBRA VETrERMAN, Draftsperson BRADLEY B. HOUSE, Scientific Illustrator GUADALUPE M. VIGIL, Department Secretary MELVIN JENNINGS, Metallurgist JOE A. WALTON, Driller ROBERT W. KELLEY, Editor & Geologist ROBERT H. WEBER, Senior Geologist SHERRY A. KRUKOWSKI, Record Manager DONALD WOLBERG, Vertebrate Paleontologist WESS MAULDIN, Driller's Helper MICHAEL W. WOOLDRIDGE, Scientific Illustrator VIRGINIA MCLEMORE, Geologist Part Time CHRISTINA L. BALK, Geologist BEVERLY OHLINE, Newswriter, Information Services HOWARD B. NICKELSON, Coal Geologist ALLAN R. SANFORD, Geophysicist THOMAS E. ZIMMERMAN, Chief Security Officer Graduate Students BRUCE W. BAKER ROBERTA EGGLESTON ADRIAN Hurtr INDIRA BALKISSOON TED EGGLESTON LAWRENCE NELSON GERRY W. CLARKSON THOMAS GIBSON WILLIAM WYMAN Plus about 50 undergraduate assistants First printing 1954 reprinted 1981 Published by Authority of State of New Mexico, NMSA 1953 Sec. 63 -1- 4 Printed by University of New Mexico Printing Plant, January, 1981 Available from New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 Price S15.00 Contents PART I GEOLOGY OF UNION COUNTY Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 4 Purpose and scope of investigation .......................................................... 4 Location numbering system ....................................................................... 4 Location and access ..................................................................................... 5 Geographic features ..................................................................................... 5 Ephemeral lakes ....................................................................................... 7 Previous work ................................................................................................ 9 Method of work ......................................................................................... 10 Parallel work ............................................................................................... 11 Miscellaneous .............................................................................................. 12 History ..................................................................................................... 12 Base maps ............................................................................................... 14 Geodetic data ......................................................................................... 14 Acknowledgments ...................................................................................... 15 STRATIGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 17 Pre-Mesozoic units—subsurface stratigraphy of Union County 17 Introduction ........................................................................................... 17 Precambrian rocks ................................................................................. 19 Pre-Pennsylvanian rocks ...................................................................... 26 Prearkose Pennsylvanian rocks ........................................................... 27 Pennsylvanian and Permian arkose ..................................................... 28 Postarkose Permian rocks .................................................................... 29 Basal Triassic rocks ............................................................................... 31 Mesozoic units ............................................................................................ 34 Dockum group ....................................................................................... 34 Baldy Hill formation ............................................................................ 37 Travesser formation ........................................................................... 38 Sloan Canyon formation .................................................................... 39 Sheep Pen sandstone .......................................................................... 40 Clastic plugs ............................................................................................ 42 Exeter sandstone ................................................................................... 46 Page Morrison formation ................................................................................. 47 Agate bed .................................................................................................. 49 Brown-silt member .................................................................................. 50 Dakota group ......................................................................................... 51 Purgatoire formation ........................................................................ 53 Dakota formation ............................................................................. 56 Benton group ......................................................................................... 58 Graneros shale ...................................................................................59 Greenhorn limestone ....................................................................... 62 Carlile shale .........................................................................................62 Niobrara formation ............................................................................... 63 Early and middle Cenozoic events ........................................................ 63 Units of late Cenozoic age ...................................................................... 64 Upland deposits ..................................................................................... 66 General statement .............................................................................66 Ogallala formation .............................................................................68 Pleistocene deposits ..........................................................................69 Caliche and algal limestone ..............................................................69 Volcanic rocks ........................................................................................71 Surface expression .............................................................................73 Distribution ........................................................................................74 Subdivisions ........................................................................................75 Local surface deposits ..............................................................................76 Terrace deposits .....................................................................................76 Alluvium ................................................................................................. 76 Landslides ................................................................................................76 Cover ....................................................................................................... 76 Age and correlation of late Cenozoic units ..........................................77 Distinction between Clayton and Raton basalt ...............................
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