State of Alaska Nomination Form Department of Fish and Game Anadromous Waters Catalog Division of Sport Fish
Region SWT COLD BAY A-2
AWC Number of Water Body 283-32-10100-0010
Name of Water body Old Mans Lagoon E usGS Name n Local Name addition I I oelaiqt n Correction n Backup Information
ination# 150150 fur 'lsDate Revision Year: ZA/6 rlq Date "-rlzr Date \iIr{ Date
OBSERVATION INFORMATION Species Date(s) Observed Rearing Present Anadromous Chum salmon X E D ! u ! |MPoRTANT:Providea||supportingdocumentationthatthiswaterbodyisimportantforth": numberoffishandlifestagesobserved; samplingmethods,samplingouraiionanoarea""rpLo; copieJoffierd-not"r; !t". ntt""n"-pyofamapshov'ing as \i\€rias other inrormation such ffiL"i4f;XtlXi$:5]fl,;if:r"*"Jt$rifihsnedes, as: specific stream reaches observeo as spawnins or rearins Gomments 283'32'10100listed in AK Peninsula M"""g"r""tArea Satmon sy"tilITlillF- nr""ent due to its simirarity to previousry i[T:i#:l9j:,T:i:-:"_s-":,lf-ly,g,:l"l_".:l_".lrrJ1listed AWC water bodies as either a ,'lake,'or,,polygon,;
Name of Observer (please print):
Signature:
Agency:
Address:
Thiscertifiesthatinmybest.professiona|judgrnerrtandbe|iefthe"oou included in or deleted from the Anadromous foaters Catalog.
Date:_ Revision 11/13 Name of Area Biologist (please print): cFp g& E '= i; e g .s3 H X.= e $i i g E s EHoi 5: P: s''B=: E 6 =3 EE .+:. ! s E.o '= E., o gP i E =O EE .E ! F A sJF'rp P F F i ! g€ * I E! ; ': FO O EP g= ;F:u E-E ig 2 +E P Es F *qi ie gE ; F ! € E gg E E E E € 7,1 s E n -e E:(ca B E =*= 'E E or-. E E i E E-E E .o = g E E :;Ee- r! ,;:E iE =E E" EE ; € ; € € .-'fi tr ,9 5 Eg . t e' 3 3 H E ! ? E g =:-eE E E g 5 a tr5.p E ; e O_ tn ie € Et :E vt E rnESE or! Sa A i c= rnp .e+=€ sE T 'E g L €o 2q) E '-- A A R !E F€ .e = Fr .n-^(9 ^go = €F : E € f; c; ^i9E F' si 3F e F e I E =€ r' ry d, X!e;9p :P ;E: I s.€=i gf; E 9scF-9 F 3 gE -(E6-|! Hi H bE E aI c 5u 3 H : gs!#= €€ +e E F q H s t E$ R; 5 F H il(r' ; 96 * E E Pf n f 'E €; qf H i F g BE 3 aJ €F--E $g o, -s iiI. ii :E SP git -'EH= ;"r. iF i r I 'u: IA gHE o (o (lJ: rH "se s€ f E s*E U6 "q Eo E::Ogl il at 3 t E= 'F O $A A; = ssS$ o I E ii uE E i |rUIF\JUt L' i E?; hu xe H+=F ii ii Eg Is$E .c
E8(! 0I) 3! - Ossc(uo OPE (1!v(Ebo= c -P- H t€'=(g .E€.=g;E s;.b3 oF T 5E E5i gE !Q .c3: 3i I \ >c 6.E;coo J=5o
State of {laska Delartmr.;nt of Fish and Game l,lomination for Waters lmportant lo Anadromous Fish
A\f/C Volume SW USGS Quad Cold Bay A-6 Anadromous Water Catalog Nurnber of Waterway stl -fiL - t O7€.^ -- colo Nam€ of Waterway Ott€r Point Croek USGS name Local name Otter Point Creek 311"4007
Aooition Yes Oeletion Conoction Backup Information
Revision Year: 2-@t
Both * Code: E -U rr-fr?br Drafted Date
OBSERVATION INFORMATION Species Date(s) Observed 3pauminq Rearing Miqration Anadromous :cckeve salmon 7t9t00 7t31t00 8t1t0'l iockcve !ockeve iocKeve
MPORTANT: Provide all supporting documentation that this water body is important for the spawningJearing or migration of anadromous including: number of fish and life stages observed; sampling methods, sampling duration and area sampled; copies of field notes; etc. Attach a copy of a map showing location of mouth and observed upper €xtent of each species, as well as other information such as: specific stream reaches observed as spawning or rearing habitrat; locations, types, and heights of any barriers; etc.
Comments: mouth coordnates are lagoon mouth coordinates. There was also observations in the 1960's Srream moutlti 55103'06.1:eL 15.001798N. Lat. And 163'47, 19.2" or 163.788669 W tons. Upper Salmon Limit: as approximat€d on attach€d mao
Name of Observer (please print)
Date: Signature:
'1?'ot Address: 211 Mission Rd Kodiak. AK 99615
is certifies that in my best professional the above information is this waterbody should be included in deleted from the Catalog of Waters lmportant for Spawning. Rearing or Migration of Anadromous Fishes per AS 16.05.870.
Signature of Area Biologist Rovi6ron 7/93
Prepared by: Joe Dinnocenzo 1 3-Dec-01
,J,Y:* :
li r' :;
\; ,'l-.i., .:. g t; l':;': lr:tril?.41'& Itis j;:^A !-:uix i i fi s .-* \ .N\
$\Ji i \-J .( N N =r. b, a. e e .;* t I s ).t: hl N lr'- - 6 ,! trl {- E u,tr9 rr.E5 3 E Fo 6 Ll, fii a FE E E ttz cE { E e. a td r. 9 trl 4t { E vlx z { r{ {
g;: HfY) \uLA
#l izttr-rlt \J .l! tr I I
I a J4u () l..tr- Xqrr.l F 5df;=f, 3 osi ,o (J'| Hili I4D E t- dg 1!r co ji (n I h l,r.l Ol Lr- !n o =i rlo g f;r F. o () h Ei mC) {$l L-r() 5i * OF' {-l c\ -B i '^; ffil l-V=il*, f) 6gH c) |JJ L'L o.(r = b (o odrt o Ln r-1-FdE cE (j} ro * 2 E E*i.._\*-k\n
t. I I :9 6 q t) 1 q fi8 g\ q -i a ft. "'..\ q q trl T\ d tq Ai q )a$ r! I \J? 3 N) G !t '.tJ i. -*fu- ; J t. { : s{)
."b $ .t0 {-.* t ,"" st Iv) fr) q$ iz/o $-+ q ht
1i {', .'. i Iaatt x (.?n\J/
'Reuit t?BL' ion State of Alaska q Department of Fish and Game Publ ic Review Nomination for l.laters f'{-'to Important to Anadromous Species s4t0 t0?00' Addi tion -sJ _Deletion rl., tl/ , -t,, l, Name of llaterbody (if known): (1,,r* 'Af.(r L (t.o.r:i.r
L ocati on:
Anadromous Waters Catalog Volume and Number (t.,.. i1T _ USGS I :63,360 Quadrangle
or l:250,000 (if l:63,360 not avai I able) \{n , ,,, r [-
Date(s) Observed Stage(s) (Spawning, neaiing l'ligration)
comments: Please provide any clarifying information. Also, please inu include a ?13,"'fnjn;":;tr;j:,,1:[:]1, itiod";u;il:"'i[ii iun b;"; [.iy or u,e_,ip_
*'g:"111:1,/-l-{rr { ,r s. ,r,/ r,:> u*T
Name of Observer (p'lease t. - ) print) _- I t_i_{ _{^a"I Date: Si gnature: 4u&/_ A- - 'eCJ*Jlsa-,rI Address: Auk-egf-ettstrh6aet_- _ ry , fic*, 1,,9'1-. k,-J rIrF tz hf/E
gc
t(o bo E oL P (5 L OJ .= OJ 33' --c6P (uJL(D EE VPPd @(o -Qg fi€ irc a9#(! 3! 3=9> EE ho {:.Q(oo E{,\P c)! iFo c'# !-c gQ E€ ->-=-? .9;=(o cL .= ,> ti -t- E o€i q.r P(!c ooX H =':o, .= Ol L.P rn LF Fl q'ooE XN EE ivt eRo io .= --l! 6: .=93 ei v>=*) Err* b='=:G. ! or*i= o^i; -YI ;{ I E E sS€u- iEpe eE i5 €b @ L E= O C()FiC ; o xnroRE c!e F H a- A -\ rr. 'F fE€ e- o-=e-.Fr,9P t+a€ [.s XH; S= E lt=u E i:rg€ i€g; E +€=E rE- coN € E 8*-. €Ery 'E;f; EggsoE'6:: < O g.Xc.'{-Hs ij(, .e gt '1 Eti'l{ di I gA E-i; .g -; ;e E',.9t1 6E ccL(o troo=6 tr...O- a EE FE;E'= 3c €,r |rVTFUI i f H ESFE 9 8,T r=H Lagoon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of7
Lagoon From Wikipedi4 the fiee encyclopedia
A lagoon is a shallow body ofwater separated from a larger body ofwater by barrier islands or reefs. Lagoons are commonly divided into coastal lagoons and atoil lagoons. They have also been identified as occurring on mixed-iand and graver coastlines. There is an overlap between bodies ofwater classified u, .ouJd lagoons and bodies of water classified as estuaries. Lagoons are common coastal f-eatures around the world.
Contents
r I Definition r 2 Etymology Balos coastal lagoon r 3 Atoll lagoons ofnorthwestern Crete. The shallow lagoon is separated from the Mediterranean r 4 Coastal lagoons sea by nanow shoals connecting to a small, rocky r 5 River-mouth lagoons on mixed sand and gravel beaches mountaln. I 5.1 Hapuaenvironment I 5.2 Hapua characteristics r 5.3 Hapua case study r 6lmages r 7 See also r 8 References
Definition
Lagoons are shallow, often elongated bodies ofwater separated from a larger body ofwater by a shallow or exposed shoal, coral reef, or similar feature. Some authoriies lsuch as Nybakken) include fresh water bodies in the definition of "lagoon,,, while others explicitly restrict "lagoon" to bodies of water with some degree of salinity. The distinction between "lagoon" and "estuary" also varies between authorities. Richard A. Davis Jr. restricts "lagoon" to bodies of water with little or no fresh water inflow, and little or no tidal flow, and calls any bay that receives a regular flow of fresh water an ',estuary,,. Davis does state that the terms "lagoon" and "estuary" are "often loosely applied, even in scientific literature.',tll Kusky characterizes lagoons as normally being elongated parallel to the coast, while estuaries are usually drowned river valleys, elongated perpendicular 16 ths s6as1.trJt2lt3lt4lt5l When used within the context of a distinctive portion of coral reef ecosystems, the term ',lagoon,' is synonymous with the term "back reef'or',backreef', which is more commonly used by coral reefscientists to refer to the same area.[6] Coastal lagoons are classified as inland bodies of water.[7]l8l Garabogaz-Gdl lagoon in Turkmenistan Many lagoons do not include "lagoon" in their common names. Albemarle and pamlico sounds in North carolina,telGreat south Bay between Long Island and the barrier beaches of Fire Island in New york,trol Isle of wight Bay, which sepaxates ocean City, Maryland from the rest of worcester County, Marylan6,trlJ Banana River in Florida,tl2t Lake Illawana in New South wales,tl3lMontrose Basin in Scotland,tlaland Broad water in wales have all been classified as lagoons, names. In England, The despite their Fleet at chesil Beach has also been described as a lagoon.
In Latin America' the term "laguna"' which lagoon translates to, is often used to describe a lake, such Portuguese, "lagoa" as Laguna catemaco. In may be a body of shallow sea water, but also a relatively small freshwater lake not linked to the sea. Etymology
http : //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lagoon 4/3t201s Lagoon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page2 of7
Lagoon is derived from the ltalian laguna, which refers to the waters around Venice, the Lagoon of Venice. Lagunais attested in English by at least 1612, and had been Anglicized to "lagune" by 1673.ln 1697 William Dampier refened to a "Lagune or Lake of Salt water" on the coast of Mexico' Captain James Cook described an island "of Oval form with a Lagoon in the middle" in 1769.t151 Atoll lagoons
Atoll lagoons form as coral reefs grow upwards while the islands that the reefs surround subside, until eventually only the reefs remain above sea level' Unlike the lagoons that form shoreward of fringing reefs, atoll lagoons often contain some deep(>2dm) portions. Coastal lagoons
Coastal lagoons form along gently sloping coasts where banier islands or reefs can develop off- shoreo and the sea-level is rising relative to the land along the shore (either because ofan intrinsic rise in sea-level, or subsidence ofthe land along the coast). Coastal lagoons do not form along steep or rocky coasts, or if the range of tides is more than 4 metres (13 ft). Due to the gentle slope ofthe coast, coastal lagoons are shallow. They are sensitive to changes in sea level due to global warming' A relative drop in sea level may leave a lagoon largely dry, while a rise in sea level may let the sea breach or destroy barrier islands, and leave reefs too deep under water to protect the lagoon. coastal lagoons and banier islands as a "coupled systerm". Coastal lagoons are young and Coastal lagoon landscapes around the dynamic, and may be short-lived in geological terms. Coastal lagoons are common, occurring island ofHiddensee near Sfalsund, along nearly 15 percent ofthe world's shorelines. In the United States, lagoons are found along Germany. Many similar coastal more than 75 percent of the eastem 2116 6u11'.o*1r.trlt+J lagoons can be found around the Westem Pomerania Lagoon Area Coastal lagoons are usually connected to the open ocean by inlets between barrier islands. The National Park. number and size ofthe inlets, precipitation, evaporation, and inflow offresh water all affect the nature of the lagoon. Lagoons with little or no interchange with the open ocean, little or no inflow of fresh water, and high evaporation rates, such as Lake St. Luci4 in South Afric4 may become highly saline. Lagoons with no connection to the open ocean and significant inflow of fresh water, such as the Lake Worth Lagoon inFlorida in the middle of the lgth century, may be entirely fresh. the On other hand, lagoons with many wide inlets, such as the Wadden Se4 have strong tidal currents and mixing. Coastal lagoons tend to accumulate sediments from inflowing rivers, from runofffrom the shores of the lagooi, and llom sediment carried into the lagoon through inlets by the tide. Large quantities of sediment may be occasionally be deposited in a lagoon when storm waves overwash banier islands. Mangroves and marsh plants can facilitate the accumulation of sediment in a laeoon. Benthic organisms may stabilize or destabilize r.61111.n6.trlt+J
River-mouth lagoons on mixed sand and gravel beaches
River-mouth lagoons on mixed sand and gravel (MSG) beaches form at the river-coast interface where a typically braided, although sometimes meandering, river interacts with a coastal environment that is significantly affected by longshore drift.tl61 The lagoons which form on the MSG coastlines are common on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealandand have long been referred to as hapua by the Mdori. This classification differentiates hapua from similar lagoons located on the New Zealandcoast termed waituna. Hapua are often located on paraglacial coastal areasllTlwhere there is a low level of coastal development and minimal population density. Hapua form as the river carves out an elongated coast-parallel are4 blocked from the sea by a MSG barrier which constantly alters iis shape and volume due to longshore drift.tr6ltl8l Longshore drift continually extends the banier behind which the hapua forms by transporting sediment along the coast' Hapua are defined as a narrow shore-parallel extensions ofthe coastal riverbed.tlsl They discharge the majority of stored water to the ocean via an ephemeral and highly mobile drainage channel or outlet.llel The remainder percolates through the MSG barrier due to its levels high of permeability. Hapua systems are driven by a wide range of dynamic processes that are generally classified as fluvial or marine; changes in the balance between these processes as well as the antecedent barrier conditions can cause shifts in the morphologr of the hapu4 in particular the barrier. New Zealand examples include the Rakaia Ashburton and Hurunui river- mouths.
Hapua environment
Hapua have been identified as establishing in the Canterbury Bight coastal region on the east coast ofthe South Island. They are often found in areas of coarse-grained sediment where contributing rivers have moderately steep bed gradients.tl6l MSG beaches in the Canterbury Bight region contain a wide range of sediment sizes from sand to boulderst2ol and are exposed to the high energr waves that make up an east coast swell environment.t2llMsG beaches are reflective rather than dissipative energy zones due to their morphological characteristics' They have a steep foreshore which is known as the 'engine room' of the biach profilJ In this zone, swash andbackwash
http : //en. wikipedia. org/wikiilagoon 4/3/20r5 Lagoon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 3 of7
are dominating processes alongside longshore transpol.tzz) MSG beaches do not have a surf zone; instead a single line of breakers is visible in all sea conditions.tl6l Hapua are associated with MSG beaches as the variation in sediment size allows for the banier to be permeable.
The east coast of the South Island has been identified as being in a period of chronic erosion of approximately 0.5 metres per ye4.t23i This erosion trend is a result of a number of factors. According to the classification scheme of Zenkovich,llTl the rivers on the east coast can be described as 'small'; this classification is not related to their flow rate but to the insufficient arnount of sediment that they transport to the coast to nourish it. The sediment provided is not adequate to nourish the coast against its typical high energy waves and siro.,g longshore drift. These two processes constantly remove sediment depositing it either offshore or further up drift.tz+l As the coastline becomes eroded the hapua have been'rolling back'by eroding the backshore to move landwards.tlsl
Hapua or river-mouth lagoons form in micro-tidal environments. A micro-tidal environment is where the tidal range (distance between low tide and high tide) is less than two metres.[16] Tidal currents in a micro-tidal zone are less than those found on meso-tidal (two - fbur metres) and macro-tidal (greater than four metres) coastlines.[25] Hapua form in this type of tidal environment as the tidal currents are unable to compete powerful with the freshwater flows of the rivers therefore there is no negligible tidal penetration to the lagoon.tl6l 4 fourth element of the environment in which hapua form is the strong longshore drift component.tr6l Longshore or littoral drift is the transportation of sediments along the coast at an angle to the shoreline. In the CanterburyBight coastal are4 the dominant swell direction is northwards from the Southem Ocean.[16] Therefore the principal movement of sediment via longshore drift is north towards Banks Peninsula. Hapua are located in areas dominated by longshore drift; because it aids the formation of the barrier behind which the hapua is sited.
A hapua also requires sediment to form the lagoon barrier. Sediment which nourishes the east coast ofNew Zealandcan be sourced liom three different areas. Material from the highly erodible Southern Alps is removed via weathering; then carried across the Canterbury Plains by various braided rivers to the east coast beaches.tl8ltzl The second source of sediment is the high cliffs which are located in the hinterland of lagoo6.t2al These can be eroded during the occunence of high river flow or sea storm events. Beaches further south provide nourishment to the northem coast via longshore transport.
Hapua characteristics
Hapua have a number of characteristics which includes shifts between a variety of morphodynarnic states due to changes in the baiance between marine and fluvial processes as well as the antecedent barrier conditions.tl8l The MSG banier constantly changes size and shape as a result of the longshore drift. Water stored in the hapua drains to the coast predominately though an outlet; aithougt it .* also seep through the barrier depending on the permeability of the pa1e64.ttrit2ol
Changes in the level of the lagoon water do not occur as a result of saltwater or tidal intrusion. Water in a hapua is predominately freshwater originating from the associated river. Hapua are non-estuarine, there is no tidal inflow however the tide does have an effect on the level of water in the lagoon. As the tide reaches its peak, the lagoon water has a much smaller amount of barrier to permeate through so the lagoon level rises.[27] This is related to a physics theory known as hydraulic head. The lagoon level has a similar sinusoidal wave shape as the tide but reaches its peak slightly later.[26] In general, any saltwater intrusion into the hapua will only occur during a storm via wave overtopping or sea spray.il8Jt2+l
Hapua can act as both a source and sink of sediment.[2311241 The majority of sediment in the hapua is fluvial sourced.tl6] During medium to low river flows, coarser sediment generally collects in the hapu4 while some of the finer sediment can be transported through the outlet to the coast.[241 During flood events the hapua is'flushed out'with larger amounts of sediment transferred through the outlet. This sediment can be deposited offshore or downdrift of the hapua replenishing the undemourished beach.t2al If a large amount of material is released to the coast at one time it can be identified as a'slug'. These can often be visible from aerial photographs.
Antecedent barrier conditions combined with changes in the balance between marine and fluvial processes results in shifts between a variety of morphological states in a hapua or river-mouth lagoon on a MSG beach. Marine pro""ir., includes the direction of wave approach, wave height and the coincidence of storm waves with high tidss.t2sl Marine processes tend to dominate the majority of morphodynamic conditions until there is a large enough flood event in the associated river to breach the barrier.ll6l The level and frequency ofbase or flood flows are attributed to fluvial processes. Antecedent barrier conditions are the permeability, volume and height of the barrier as well as the width presence and of previous outlet channels.t2sl During low to medium river flows, the outlet from the lagoon to the sea becomes offset in the direction of longshore drift.t2al Outlet efficiency tends to decrease the further away from the main river-mouth the outlet i*.ttt'^A decrease in efficiency ctrn cause the outlet to become choked with sediment and the hapua to close temporarily. The potential for closure varies between different hapua depending on whether marine or fluvial processes are the bigger http ://en.wikipedia. org/wikiilagoon 4l3t20rs Lagoon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 4 of7
driver in the event. A high flow event; such as a fresh or flood can breach the barrier directly opposite the main river channel.ll81t24l This causes an immediate decrease in the water level of the hapua; as well as transporting previously depositeO sediments into the ocean. Flood events are important for eroding lagoon back shores; this is a behaviour whicn allows trapuaio retreat landward and thus remain coastal landforms even with coastal transgression and sea level rise.fr8lDuring high flow events there is also the possibility for secondary breaches ofthe barrier or lagoon truncation to occur.
Storm events also have the ability to close hapua outlets as waves overtop the baffier depositing sediment and choking the scoured channel.[23] The resultant swift increase in lagoon water level causes a new outlet to be breached rapidly due to the large hydraulic head that forms between the lagoon and sea water levels. Storm breaching is believed to be an important but unpredictable control on the duration of closures at low to moderate river flow revels in smaller hapua.t23l
Hapua are extremely important for a number of reasons. They provide a link between the river and sea for migrating fish as well as a corridor for migratory 61.6t.tt0Jt2el To lose this link via closure of the hapua outlet could result in losing entire generations of specific species as they may need to migrate to the ocean or the river as a vital part of their lifecycle. River-mo"uth lagoons such as hapua were also used a source for mahinga kai (foodgathering) by the M6ori peopls.tl6ltzrl However, this is no longer the case due to catchmenr degradation which has resulted lagoon in deterioration. River-mouth lagoons on MSG beaches are not;ell explained in intemational lrlerature.
Hapua case study
The hapua located at the mouth of the Rakaia River stretches approximately three kilometres north from where the river-mouth reaches the coast. The average width of the hapua between 1952 and 2004 was approximately 50 metres; whilst the surface area has stabilised at approximately 600,000 square metres since 1966.t301 The coastal hinterland is composed of erodible cliffs and a low lying area commonly known as the Rakaia Huts. This area has changed notably since European Settlement; with the drainage of ecologically significant wetlands and development of the small bach community.
The Rakaia River begins in the Southern Alps, providing approximately 4.2 Mt per year of sediment to the east coast. It is a braided river with a catchment area of 3 I 05 kilometres squared and a mean fl ow of 22 I cubic metres per second.[31] The mouth of the Rakaia River reaches the coast south of Banks Peninsula. As the river reaches the coast it diverges into two Aerial photograph ofthe Rakaia river-mouth and associated hapua channels; with the main channel flowing to the south of the island.t23lAs the hapua is located in the Canterbury Bight it is in a state of constant morphological change due to the prevailing southerly sea swells and resultant northwards longshore drift. Images
Lagoon
Glenrock Lagoon in Australia Lagoa dos Patos lagoon in Brazil Apoyo Lagoon Natural Reserve in Nicaraeua
http ://en. wikipedia. orglwiki/Lagoon 413t20r5 Lagoon - Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia Page 5 of7
Stettin Lagoon as seen by Landsat Venetian Lagoon as seen by Vistula and Curonian lagoons c. 2000. on Landsat l. Veneto (Northeasl the Baltic Sea. Italy)
Nearly half the area of Kiritimati BlueWN lagoon, Oltideniz, Turkey Washdyke Lagoon in New is covered with lagoons, some Zealand freshwater and some seawater,
Araruama Lagoon is a lagoon Aerial view of Bora Bora in Aerial view of Kivalin4 Alaska next to the shore of Rio de French Polynesia lrom the northwest Janeiro State, is the largest hr/harc'lina lqn^^n in fhp
QueenWW Isabella Causeway The salt lagoon at Suvla Bay, crossing the Laguna Madre al Gallipoli, Turkey Port Isabel, Texas
See also
r Aerated lagoon r Anaerobic lagoon r Ayre (landform)
http ://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lagoon 4t3t20rs Lagoon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 6 of7
I Braided river I Coastline I Estuary I Kerala backwaters I Longshore Drift I Sediment transporl
References
l' Davis, Richard A.' Jr. (1994). The EvolvingCoast. New York: Scientific American Library. pp. l0l, 107. ISBN 9780716750420. 2' *Allaby, Michael, ed. (1990). oxford Dictionary of Earth Sciences. oxford: oxford University press. ISBN 978-0-19 -g2llg4-4. 3' Kusky,Timothy,ed.(2005). EncyclopediaofEarthScience.r.NewYork:FactsonFile.p.245.1SBN0-g160-4973-4. 4' Nybakken, James W.' ed. (2003)' Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Marine Sciences. 2 G-o. Danbury, Connecticutt: Grolier Academic Reference. pp. 189-90. ISBN 0-7172-5946-3. 5 Reid' George K' (1961). Ecolog of Intand waters and Estuartes. New York: van Noshand Reinhold Company. p. 74. 6' Aronson, R B (1993). "Hurricane effects on backeefechinoderms ofthe caribbean". coral Reefs 12 (34): l3g-l42.doi:10.1007/BF 00334473 (h@s://dx.doi.o r g/ 10. 1007 o/o2FBF00334473).
7' Maurice L Schwartz (2005)' Encyclopedia of coastal (http:/books.google.hr/books?id=vwnxpAxp6TMc). science springer. p. 263. ISBN g7g- | -4020-1903-6. Retrieved 3 I March 20t2. 8 Kjerfue, Bjorn (1994). "coastal Lagoons". coastal lagoon processes (bttpl/books.google.hr/books?ei=ceF3T-TyleSE4gTom- HUDg&id=MrwTtP0mLjUC). Elsevier. pp. t_3. ISBN 978-0_444-88258_5. 9. Ji4 Peng and Ming Li (2012). "circulation dynamics and salt balance in a lagoonal estuary" (http://www.agu.orglpubs/crossrefl20l2/20llJC007l24.shfnl). Journal of Geophysical Research oceans ru (c01003). doi:10 1029/20111C007124 (https://dx.doi.org/10.1029o/o2F201tJC007tz4). Retrieved 24 March 2012. 10' Goodbre4 S', Jr'' P' Locicero, v. Bonv€nto, s. Kolbe, S. Holsinger. "History of the Great south Bay estuary:Evidence of a catastrophic origin" (http://dspace.sunyconnect.suny.edu,/bitstream/trandle/19 5l/48052/goodbred.pdfjsessionid=92l52Eg4l83F75FD0A4D6lg lD902AEFE? sequencel). State University of New york. Retrieved 24 March 2012. I l Boynton' w' R', J' D' Hagy, L' Murray, c' stokes, w. M Kemp (June 1996). "A comparative Analysis of Euhophication pattems in a Temperate coastal Lagoon" (http://www.gonzo.cbl.umces.edu/documents/water-quality/Estl9-408.pdf). Estuarieslg (28): 40g421. doi:10.2307/135245g (https://dx.doi.org/ 10.2307o/oZF 1352459). Retrieved 24 March 2012. 12' 'Total Maximum Daily Loads for the North and Central Indian River Lagoon and Banana river Lagoon, Florida" (http://www'epa'gov/waters/tndldocs/6Final IRL-NutriDo-TMDLs0407.pdf. united States Environmental protection Aeencv. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
13' "Proposed Swimming Enclosure Net, Enhance Lagoon, Lake Illawarra" (http://www.lia.nsw.gov.au/pdflstudies/Enclosure_Net_REF.pdf). Lake Illawana Authority. Retrieved 2 4 March 2012. 14 Bir( Eric (2010). C' F. Encyclopedia of the llorld's coastal l^andforms, volume I (http:/books.google.com,/books? id:Mfo5TPbTSDsC&pg:PA485&lpg=PA485&dq:montrossf basin+lags6ngrource=bl&ots:-VuUw6o- qx&sig= I XLQV0KCznaU0FWykXm3 fqdKcuo&hl=en&sa:X&ei:- vdtT9y2KdrpgAeHjulr&ved=0cFAQ6AEwBzgu#v:onepage&q=rnontroseTo20basin %o20lagoon&Ffalse). Dordrecht: Springer. p. 4g5. rsBN 978-l-4020-8638-0. 15' oxford English Dictionary.l A-o (compact ed.). oxfor( England: oxford University press. 1971. p. 1560. 16 Kirb R M' and Lauder' G.A (2000). Significanr coastal lagoon systems in the South Island, New zealand: coastal processes and lagoon mouth c losure. Deputnent of Conservation.
17. Zenkovich, v.P. (1967). "processes ofcoastal development". Interscience publishers. 18' Hart' D' E' (2009)' "River mouth lagoon science and management". principles Beach management, and practice(Earthscan publications Ltd): 267,280.
l9' "Paterson' A', Hume, T., & Healy, T. (2001). River mouth morphodynamics on a mixed sand-gravel coast. Joumal of Coastal Research, 2gg- 294." 20' "Mclean' (1970)' R' F' Variations in grain-size and sorting on two kaikoura beaches. New Zealand Journal ofMarine and Freshwater Research, 4 (2), t4r-r64." 2l "Davies,J L.(1964).Amorphogenicapproachtoworldshorelines.ZeitschriftffirGeomorphologie,g,127-142.,,
http : /ien.wikipedia. org/wiki/Lagoon 413t20r5 Lagoon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia PageT of7
22' 'Kfu' R' M. (1980). Mixed Sand and Gravel Beaches Morphology, Processes and sediments. hoeress in Physical Geography, 4(2), tS91t0. doi: I 0. I I 7710309 I 3338000400203" 23. Single, (201l). project-coastal M. "Lake coleridge processes at Rakaia River mouth,,. 24' Kirk, R.M. (1991). "River-beach interaction on mixed sand and gravel coasts: a geomorphic model for water resource planning". Applied Geograplty:267-287 . 25 "Short' A'D. (1991). Macro-Meso Tidal Beach Morphodynamics: An overview. Joumal of Coastal Research.4lT-436.,, 26' Gorng, D'G and valentine, R.M. (1995). .Tidal Hydraulics of a large, gravel-bed nver mouth: the Rakaia hapua,,. 27 ' "H.ume, T' M', & Herdendorf, c. E. (1988). A geomorphic classification of estuaries and its application to coastal resource managernent-A New- Zealand example. Ocean and Shoreline Management, ll(3),24g174.- 28' Hart, D'E' and Bryan, K'R (2008). Zealand "New coastal system boundaries, connections and managemen t,. New Zealand Geographer: l2g-143. 29' Single, M'B and Hemmingson, M.A. (2001). sand gravel "Mixed and barrier beaches of South Canterbury, New Zealand,,. Ecologt and Geomorpholgt of C oastal Shinge: 261-27 6. 30. "McHaffie, N. (n.d.). A GIS based analysis of changes in the Rakaia Hapu4 canterbury.,' 3 l ' "Hart' D' E' (2009)' Morphodynamics ofnon-estuarine rivermouth lagoons on high-energy coasts. Joumal ofcoastal Research, sl 56 proceedines of the 10th Intemational Coastal Symposium."
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia-org/w/index.php?titlelagoon&old i&-4541g717 4 ^\ WikimediaCommonshas i Ap media retated to Lagoons. categories: Lagoons j coastal and oceanic landforms I nodies of water
r This page was last modified on 30 March 2015. at 14:33. I Text is available under the creative commons Attribution-shareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy' wikipedia@ is a registered trademark of the wikimeiia roundation, Inc., profit organization. a non-
http ://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lagoon 4/3t20t5 t ' ., "
:- ;; ,j,
- fh; o *
l. 'ri;-r'
$