DOCSLIB.ORG

90-Day Finding on a Petition to List the Giant Palouse Earthworm As

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
90-Day Finding on a Petition to List the Giant Palouse Earthworm As Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 194 / Tuesday, October 9, 2007 / Proposed Rules 57273 Issued: October 2, 2007. Background of the Clearwater, and two other private Stephen R. Kratzke, Section 4(b)(3)(A) of the Endangered citizens (hereafter referred to as the Associate Administrator for Rulemaking. Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 petitioners). The petition clearly [FR Doc. E7–19735 Filed 10–5–07; 8:45 am] U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) (Act), requires that identified itself as a petition and included the requisite identification BILLING CODE 4910–59–P we make a finding on whether a petition to list, delist, or reclassify a species, information for the petitioners, as presents substantial scientific or required in 50 CFR 424.14(a). The commercial information to indicate that petition contained information on the DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR the petitioned action may be warranted. natural history of the giant Palouse To the maximum extent practicable, we earthworm and potential threats to the species. Potential threats discussed in Fish and Wildlife Service are to make the finding within 90 days the petition include destruction and of our receipt of the petition, and modification of habitat, disease and 50 CFR Part 17 publish a notice of the finding promptly predation, inadequacy of regulatory Endangered and Threatened Wildlife in the Federal Register. This finding summarizes the mechanisms, and other natural and and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a manmade factors, such as invasive and information included in the petition and Petition To List the Giant Palouse noxious weeds and road-building information available to us at the time Earthworm as Threatened or activities. Endangered of the petition review. Under section On October 2, 2006, we notified the 4(b)(3)(A) of the Act and our regulations petitioners that our initial review of the AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, in 50 CFR 424.14(b), our review of a 90- petition for the giant Palouse earthworm Interior. day finding is limited to a determination concluded that an emergency listing of whether the information in the ACTION: was not warranted, and that, due to Notice of 90-day petition petition meets the ‘‘substantial finding. court orders and judicially approved information’’ threshold. Our standard settlement agreements for other listing for substantial information within the SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and actions, we would not be able to further Wildlife Service (Service), announce a Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) with address the petition to list the giant 90-day finding on a petition to list the regard to a 90-day petition finding is Palouse earthworm at that time. This giant Palouse earthworm (Driloleirus ‘‘that amount of information that would finding addresses the petition. lead a reasonable person to believe that americanus) as threatened or Species Information endangered under the Endangered the measure proposed in the petition Species Act of 1973, as amended. We may be warranted’’ (50 CFR 424.14(b)). The giant Palouse earthworm was first find that the petition does not provide If we find that substantial information described by Frank Smith in 1897 after substantial scientific or commercial was presented, we are required to he discovered it near Pullman, information to indicate that listing the promptly commence a review of the Washington: ‘‘* * * this species is very giant Palouse earthworm may be status of the species. abundant in that region of the country We have to satisfy the Act’s warranted. Therefore, we will not be and their burrows are sometimes seen requirements that we use the best initiating a status review in response to extending to a depth of over 15 feet.’’ available science to make our decisions. this petition. However, we encourage Although only a few specimens have However, we do not conduct additional the public to submit to us any new been collected, early descriptions and research at this point, nor do we subject information that becomes available collection locations indicated that the the petition to rigorous critical review. concerning this species. giant Palouse earthworm can be as long Rather, at the 90-day finding stage, we a 3 feet (0.9 meters) and is considered DATES: The finding announced in this accept the petitioners’ sources and by some an endemic that utilizes document was made on October 9, 2007. characterizations of the information, to grassland sites with good soil and native ADDRESSES: Data and new information the extent that they appear based on vegetation of the Palouse bioregion concerning the giant Palouse earthworm accepted scientific principles (such as (James 1995, p. 1; Niwa et al. 2001, p. may be submitted to the Supervisor, citing published and peer-reviewed 34). It has been described as an Anecic Upper Columbia Fish and Wildlife articles, or studies done in accordance earthworm, one of three basic Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, with valid methodologies), unless we earthworm types, based on its 11103 East Montgomery Drive, Spokane, have specific information to the functional role in the soil ecosystem. WA 99206. The petition, administrative contrary. Our finding considers whether Anecic earthworms are the largest and finding, supporting data, and comments the petition states a reasonable case that longest lived (James 2000, pp. 8–10, received will be available for public listing may be warranted based on the 1995, p. 6). Anecic earthworms inspection, by appointment, during information presented. Thus, our 90-day uniquely contribute to the soil normal business hours at the above finding expresses no view as to the ecosystem by transporting fresh plant address. ultimate issue of whether the species material from the soil surface to should be listed. subterranean levels. The deep burrows FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: On August 30, 2006, we received a also aid in water infiltration (James Susan Martin, Field Supervisor, at the petition, dated August 18, 2006, from a 2000, p. 9; Edwards 2004, pp. 30–31). above address, by phone at (509) 891– private citizen and five other concerned 6838, or facsimile at (509) 891–6748. parties requesting that we emergency Population Status Please include ‘‘giant Palouse list the giant Palouse earthworm The petition stated that since the earthworm scientific information’’ in (Driloleirus americanus) as threatened initial description of the giant Palouse the subject line for faxes. If you use a or endangered, and that critical habitat earthworm, sightings have been telecommunications device for the deaf be designated concurrently with the extremely infrequent. In 2005, a (TDD), call the Federal Information listing. The other five concerned parties University of Idaho graduate student Relay Service (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. include the Palouse Prairie Foundation, conducting soil samples was the first SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: the Palouse Audubon Society, Friends person in nearly two decades to report VerDate Aug<31>2005 17:36 Oct 05, 2007 Jkt 214001 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\09OCP1.SGM 09OCP1 pwalker on PROD1PC71 with PROPOSALS 57274 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 194 / Tuesday, October 9, 2007 / Proposed Rules a sighting of this earthworm (University information provided in the petition studies of the best-known European of Idaho 2006, p. 1). Prior to this and readily available in our files, is varieties. The petition states that the sighting, two specimens were collected presented below. high application rates of ammonium- in 1988 by University of Idaho based nitrogen fertilizer over the past 40 A. Present or Threatened Destruction, researchers studying pill beetles in a years in the Palouse bioregion have Modification, or Curtailment of the forest clearing. A specimen was also increased soil pH and reduced soil Species Habitat or Range collected by Fender in 1978 (Fender productivity. According to Edwards et 1985, pp. 93–132). An indication of the Agriculture al. (1995, p. 202) earthworms are very species’ rarity is documented by Fauci The petition states that the giant sensitive to ammonia-based fertilizers. and Bezdicek (2002, pp. 257–260); they Palouse earthworm is threatened by the Similarly, studies have shown that surveyed earthworms at 46 sites in the extensive conversion of native Palouse earthworms are susceptible to mortality Palouse bioregion without one prairie grassland habitat to non-native from chemical exposure, including collection of the giant Palouse annual crop production. The petition pesticides. Earthworms are particularly earthworm. states that, based on historic accounts vulnerable to herbicides that change or As of 1990, three distinct collection and very few documented observations destroy the vegetation upon which they sites had been identified: Near Moscow, of the earthworm, it is endemic to this depend. According to Edwards and Idaho; near Pullman, Washington; and Bohlen (1996, p. 283), the toxicities of in the hills west of Ellensburg, habitat. According to the petition, the giant Palouse earthworm is particularly different chemicals and pesticides on Washington (Fender and McKey-Fender earthworms vary greatly. 1990, p. 358). It should be noted that the vulnerable to habitat loss due to its collection site west of Ellensburg is narrow geographic range. During the The petition did not provide any outside of the Palouse bioregion, which past 125 years, the Palouse prairie has information that indicated the types and casts some doubt on whether the giant experienced dramatic conversion of amounts of pesticides and herbicides Palouse earthworm is endemic only to native vegetation and habitat, primarily that have been applied to farmed lands that area. Ellensburg is located 27 miles due to agricultural development. within the Palouse bioregion. It also (43.5 kilometers) west of the Columbia In general, earthworms are influenced provided little information indicating River, which is the western most extent by four environmental factors: Moisture, the amounts of ammonia-based fertilizer of the Palouse bioregion. temperature, soil pH, and food resource that was applied to farmlands in the The petition also states that due to the quality and quantity (James 1995, p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • U.S.: Legal War Rages Over 3-Foot-Long, Spitting Worm 16:35, January 30, 2008
    U.S.: legal war rages over 3-foot-long, spitting worm 16:35, January 30, 2008 Described in 1897 by a taxonomist as "very abundant" a now rarely-found 3-foot-long worm that spits and smells like lilies is at the center of a legal dispute between conservationists and the U.S. government. When Frank Smith discovered the giant Palouse earthworm (Driloleirus americanus) in 1897, he described it as "very abundant." Nowadays, however, sightings of the worm are rare. The only recent confirmed worm sighting was made in 2005 by a University of Idaho researcher. Before that, the giant worm had not been spotted in 17 years, since 1988. It reportedly grows up to three feet long and has a peculiar flowery smell (Driloleirus is Latin for "lily-like worm"). The cream-colored or pinkish-white worm lived in permanent burrows as deep as 15 feet and spat at attackers. "This worm is the stuff that legends and fairy tales are made of. A pity we're losing it," said Steve Paulson, a board member of Friends of the Clearwater, a conservation group based in Moscow, Idaho. Unlike the European earthworms now common across the United States, the giant Palouse earthworm is native to the Americas. Specifically, the giant worm dwelled in the prairies of the Palouse, the area of the northwest United States. The Palouse has been dramatically altered by farming practices, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service noted. "The giant Palouse earthworm is extremely rare and faces substantial risk of extinction," said Noah Greenwald, a conservation biologist with the Center for Biological Diversity, a conservation group based in Tucson, Ariz.
    [Show full text]
  • 10. Palouse Prairie Section
    10. Palouse Prairie Section Section Description The Palouse Prairie Section, part of the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion, is located along the western border of northern Idaho, extending west into Washington (Fig. 10.1, Fig. 10.2). This section is characterized by dissected loess-covered basalt plains, undulating plateaus, and river breaks. Elevation ranges from 220 to 1,700 m (722 to 5,577 ft). Soils are generally deep, loamy to silty, and have formed in loess, alluvium, or glacial outwash. The lower reaches and confluence of the Snake and Clearwater rivers are major waterbodies. Climate is maritime influenced. Precipitation ranges from 25 to 76 cm (10 to 30 in) annually, falling primarily during the fall, winter, and spring, and winter precipitation falls mostly as snow. Summers are relatively dry. Average annual temperature ranges from 7 to 12 ºC (45 to 54 ºF). The growing season varies with elevation and lasts 100 to 170 days. Population centers within the Idaho portion of the section are Lewiston and Moscow, and small agricultural communities are dispersed throughout. Outdoor recreational opportunities include hunting, angling, hiking, biking, and wildlife viewing. The largest Idaho Palouse Prairie grassland remnant on Gormsen Butte, south of Department of Fish and Moscow, Idaho with cropland surrounding © 2008 Janice Hill Game (IDFG) Wildlife Management Area (WMA) in Idaho, Craig Mountain WMA, is partially located within this section. The deep and highly-productive soils of the Palouse Prairie have made dryland farming the primary land use in this section. Approximately 44% of the land is used for agriculture with most farming operations occurring on private land.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth
    This document is made available electronically by the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library as part of an ongoing digital archiving project. http://www.leg.state.mn.us/lrl/lrl.asp 2009 Project Abstract For the Period Ending December 30, 2012 PROJECT TITLE: Prevention and Early Detection of Asian Earthworms and Reducing the Spread of European Earthworms PROJECT MANAGER: Cindy Hale AFFILIATION: Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth MAILING ADDRESS: 5013 Miller Trunk Hwy CITY/STATE/ZIP: Duluth MN 55811 PHONE: 218/720-4364 E-MAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: [If applicable] FUNDING SOURCE: Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund LEGAL CITATION: http://www.nrri.umn.edu/staff/chale.asp APPROPRIATION AMOUNT: $150,000 Overall Project Outcome and Results We used a multi-pronged approach to quantify of the relative importance of different vectors of spread for invasive earthworms, make management and regulatory recommendations and create mechanisms for public engagement and dissemination of our project results through the Great Lakes Worm Watch website and diverse stakeholders. Internet sales of earthworms and earthworm related products posed large risks for the introduction of new earthworm species and continued spread of those already in the state. Of 38 earthworm products sampled, 87% were either contaminated with other earthworm species or provided inaccurate identification. Assessment of soil transported via ATV’s and logging equipment demonstrated that this is also a high risk vector for spread of earthworms across the landscape, suggesting that equipment hygiene, land management activities and policies should address this risk. Preliminary recommendations for organizations with regulatory oversight for invasive earthworms (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • The Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus Americanus)
    PETITION TO LIST The Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus americanus) AS A THREATENED OR ENDANGERED SPECIES UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT June 30, 2009 Friends of the Clearwater Center for Biological Diversity Palouse Audubon Palouse Prairie Foundation Palouse Group of the Sierra Club 1 June 30, 2009 Ken Salazar, Secretary of the Interior Robyn Thorson, Regional Director U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 1849 C Street N.W. Pacific Region Washington, DC 20240 911 NE 11th Ave Portland, Oregon Dear Secretary Salazar, Friends of the Clearwater, Center for Biological Diversity, Palouse Prairie Foundation, Palouse Audubon, Palouse Group of the Sierra Club and Steve Paulson formally petition to list the Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus americanus) as a threatened or endangered species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act (”ESA”), 16 U.S.C. §1531 et seq. This petition is filed under 5 U.S.C. 553(e) and 50 CFR 424.14 (1990), which grant interested parties the right to petition for issuance of a rule from the Secretary of Interior. Petitioners also request that critical habitat be designated for the Giant Palouse Earthworm concurrent with the listing, pursuant to 50 CFR 424.12, and pursuant to the Administrative Procedures Act (5 U.S.C. 553). The Giant Palouse Earthworm (D. americanus) is found only in the Columbia River Drainages of eastern Washington and Northern Idaho. Only four positive collections of this species have been made within the last 110 years, despite the fact that the earthworm was historically considered “very abundant” (Smith 1897). The four collections include one between Moscow, Idaho and Pullman, Washington, one near Moscow Mountain, Idaho, one at a prairie remnant called Smoot Hill and a fourth specimen near Ellensberg, Washington (Fender and McKey- Fender, 1990, James 2000, Sánchez de León and Johnson-Maynard, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Transcription of Comments
    U.S. 95 Thorncreek Road to Moscow Project U.S. 95 Thorncreek Road to Moscow Comments Feb. 2006 – July 2007 Comment #1 Can you provide, for each alternative alignment: Number of miles of US95 that would be turned over to Latah County Number of miles that would be 5-lane non-divided o transcript of DVD voiceover (she must have been reading it from a text document) Thanks. Comment #2 I strongly urge you to abandon grandiose and expensive plans to relocate parts of the highway south of Moscow. Instead I favor the less expensive option of improving the existing highway by adding passing lanes and turn lanes where appropriate. Please consider this option. Thank you for your consideration. Comment #3 I am not in favor of plans to extend Highway 95 using the W-4 route. Thank you for noting this in your research of community desires. Comment #4 I'm a Moscow resident whose property borders the University of Idaho Arboretum. In recent months, our neighborhood has been involved in negotiations with the City of Moscow to avoid disrupting the beauty and tranquillity of the Arboretum by a Parks and Recreation Department proposal to build a seven-field ballpark across from the Arboretum on Palouse Drive. Those negotiations, involving a large parking lot, concession stand, water use, night lights, and a sound system, are ongoing. Regarding the proposed ballfields, the University administration has also voiced a desire to minimize the impact on the Arboretum. Adjacent neighborhoods have been united in seeking to protect the Arboretum as a one-of-a-kind asset to our community.
    [Show full text]
  • 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals
    The lUCN Species Survival Commission 1994 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre PADU - MGs COPY DO NOT REMOVE lUCN The World Conservation Union lo-^2^ 1994 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals lUCN WORLD CONSERVATION Tile World Conservation Union species susvival commission monitoring centre WWF i Suftanate of Oman 1NYZ5 TTieWlLDUFE CONSERVATION SOCIET'' PEOPLE'S TRISr BirdLife 9h: KX ENIUNGMEDSPEaES INTERNATIONAL fdreningen Chicago Zoulog k.J SnuicTy lUCN - The World Conservation Union lUCN - The World Conservation Union brings together States, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organisations in a unique world partnership: some 770 members in all, spread across 123 countries. - As a union, I UCN exists to serve its members to represent their views on the world stage and to provide them with the concepts, strategies and technical support they need to achieve their goals. Through its six Commissions, lUCN draws together over 5000 expert volunteers in project teams and action groups. A central secretariat coordinates the lUCN Programme and leads initiatives on the conservation and sustainable use of the world's biological diversity and the management of habitats and natural resources, as well as providing a range of services. The Union has helped many countries to prepare National Conservation Strategies, and demonstrates the application of its knowledge through the field projects it supervises. Operations are increasingly decentralised and are carried forward by an expanding network of regional and country offices, located principally in developing countries. I UCN - The World Conservation Union seeks above all to work with its members to achieve development that is sustainable and that provides a lasting Improvement in the quality of life for people all over the world.
    [Show full text]
  • What's Wrong with Worms?
    WHAT’S WRONG WITH WORMS? Clay Antieau MS PhC Botanist, Horticulturist Environmental Educator Seventh Western Native Plants Conference, December 2016 EARTHWORM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Horn, Schramm, and Drake 2003) • Live 4 to 15+ years • Eats their weight in soil/organic matter daily • Food is processed in intestine (alimentary canal) Muscular mixing with enzymes and microbes in gut (anoxic) to release amino acids, sugars, organic molecules, nitrogen…. Molecules absorbed through intestinal membranes • Waste Product: CASTINGS BENEFITS OF EARTHWORMS (OM/soil digestion and bioturbation) • Improve soil physical structure better drainage/infiltration and aeration reduced stormwater run-off improved root penetration • Decompose, Mineralize OM Concentrate carbon and nutrients Enhanced soil fertility and tilth for plant growth, seed germination, crop yield. NUTRIENT VALUE OF CASTINGS • Nitrogen 1.80–2.05% • Phosphorus 1.32–1.93% • Potassium 1.28–1.50% • Calcium 3.0–4.5% • Magnesium 0.4–0.7% • Iron 0.3–0.7% • Manganese traces–0.40% • Zinc 0.028–0.036% • Organic Carbon 20-30% • pH 6.0–7.0 Darwin Earthworms! “The plow is one of the most ancient and most valuable of Man’s inventions; but long before he existed, the land … was regularly ploughed, and still continues to be ploughed, by earthworms. It may be (doubtful) whether there are many other animals which have played so important a part in the history of the world as these lowly, organized creatures.” - Charles Darwin (Earthworms 1881) …his last book, published just six months before he died. Different earthworms… Different functions…. Compost Dwellers (Epigeic) Live in high organic matter environments Eisenia fetida (red wriggler; tiger worm) Soil Surface Dwellers (Epigeic) Feed on decaying roots, shoots, leaves, and dung and live on or near soil surface (0-15 cm depth) Lumbricus rubellus (European earthworm; red wriggler) Topsoil Dwellers (Endogeic) Live in the top 20-30 cm of soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon Giant Earthworm Scientific Name: Driloleirus Macelfreshi
    SPECIES FACT SHEET Common Name : Oregon Giant Earthworm Scientific Name : Driloleirus macelfreshi (Smith 1937) (formerly Megascolides macelfreshi ) Phylum: Annelida Class: Oligochaeta Order: Haplotaxida Family: Megascolecidae Conservation Status Global Status (1989): G1 – critically imperiled National Status (2006): N1 – critically imperiled State Status (Oregon): S1 – critically imperiled IUCN Red List Category: VU - Vulnerable BLM Status: Bureau Sensitive Species (NatureServe 2009) Technical Description : Adult: The Oregon giant earthworm is one of the largest North American earthworms (Wells et al. 1983). It is distinguished by its characteristic large size (up to 1.32 m in length and between .5 and 1 cm in diameter), pale whitish color, and distinctive, floral (lily-like) odor (Fender 2009, pers. comm. ). The clitellum of this species (a swelling of the body towards the head of the worm where the gonads are located) extends from segments 13 to about 22, and there are numerous nephridia (networks of tubules that have an excretory function) on each body segment (Wells et al. 1983). Since immature specimens of this species are not as large, and since there are other large, white, fragrant earthworms in the Willamette Valley which could be mistaken for this taxon, specimen collection and expert identification based on internal anatomy is essential for this species. Fresh (refridgerated) specimens are best for identification (Fender 2009, pers. comm. ). William Fender is the foremost authority on the Oregon giant earthworm, and should be consulted regarding any collected or reported specimens. The use of genetic work for identification of this species is a future possibility (Rosenberg 2009, pers. comm ). There are currently no keys to megascolecid worms in this region (Applegarth 1995), although a complete, technical description can be found in Smith (1937).
    [Show full text]
  • Scientists Capture Elusive Giant Palouse Earthworm
    April 27, 2010 Scientists Capture Elusive Giant Palouse Earthworm by Martin Kaste The giant Palouse earthworm, a big white worm native to the Palouse prairie region of Idaho and Washington state, was said to be abundant in the late 19th century — then seemed to disappear. Some people thought they never existed to begin with. But now, researchers are digging them up again — and that has some people worried. A Foot Long And Smells Like Lilies? Last month, Karl Umiker, a support scientist at the University of Idaho, was out on an unplowed fragment of prairie hunting the “big one” with a graduate student. There hadn’t been a confirmed sighting of the worm since 2005, but Umiker had a new tool at his disposal. He calls it an “electroshocker.” Jodi Johnson-Maynard, a soil ecologist at the University of Idaho in Moscow, has been leading the effort to collect samples of the giant After jolting the soil a couple of times, Umiker dug around, Palouse earthworm. and suddenly there it was. The worm was captured and is Photo: Martin Kaste, NPR now sitting in a freezer at the University of Kansas, where it was positively identified. But Umiker can’t say how big this prairie giant is. “The problem with earthworm stories is that they get longer and longer, and you can always stretch an earthworm,” he says. That’s “under the normal conditions — without stretching it — close to 20 centimeters.” That’s about 8 inches. Soil ecologist Jodi Johnson-Maynard, who heads the project, backpedals from the whole “giant” thing.
    [Show full text]
  • Idaho Scientists Find Fabled Worm 27 April 2010, by NICHOLAS K
    Idaho scientists find fabled worm 27 April 2010, By NICHOLAS K. GERANIOS , Associated Press Writer Both worms had pink heads and bulbous tails, rounded unlike the flattened tails of nightcrawlers. The adult had a yellowish band behind the head. The university said the juvenile worm is being kept in the Moscow laboratory to provide DNA to help develop future identification techniques. The specimens were found by Shan Xu, an Idaho student, and Karl Umiker, a research support scientist. They also found three earthworm Image credit: Yaniria Sanchez-de Leon/University of cocoons, two of which have hatched and appear to Idaho also be giant Palouse earthworms. The discoveries followed the development of a new high-tech worm shocking probe that uses electricity (AP) -- Two living specimens of the fabled giant to push worms toward the surface. The probe was Palouse earthworm have been captured for the deployed starting last summer. first time in two decades, University of Idaho scientists revealed on Tuesday. Umiker discovered the worms while using the probe. After shooting more electricity through the Researchers on March 27 located an adult and a soil, the juvenile crawled to the surface. The adult juvenile specimen of the worms, which have remained just beneath the surface, and Umiker become near mythic creatures in the Palouse used a trowel to dig it out. region of Washington and Idaho. The adult specimen was positively identified by University of The Palouse earthworm was first reported to the Kansas earthworm expert Sam James a few scientific world in 1897. Few specimens were weeks later.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare, Threatened and Endangered Invertebrate Species of Oregon
    Rare, Threatened and Endangered Invertebrate Species of Oregon August 2016 Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, Portland, Oregon Scientific Name Ecoregion; Adjacent States Heritage Federal ODFW ORBIC Common Name Oregon Counties Rank Status Status List INVERTEBRATES Class Turbellaria - Flatworms Order Tricladida Kenkia rhynchida BR G1G2 SOC-- 1 A flatworm (planarian) Harn S1S2 CS Class Bivalvia - Clams, Oysters and Mussels Order Ostreoida Ostrea conchaphila CR, ME; WA G5 -- -- 3 Native oyster Linc, Till SNR Order Unionoida Anodonta californiensis BM, BR, CB, CR, EC, WC, WV; CA, ID, NV, WA + G3Q SOC-- 3 California floater (mussel) Clat, Colu, Coos?, Desc, Gran, Harn, Klam, Linn, Malh, S2 CS Mult, Sher, Wasc, Wash Anodonta nuttalliana BM, BR, CB, CR, EC?, KM, WC, WV; BC, CA, ID, NV, G4Q -- -- 3 Winged floater (mussel) WA + S1? CS Bake, Clac, Clat, Colu, Coos, Desc, Doug, Gran, Harn, Jack, Jeff, Jose, Klam, Lake, Lane, Linc, Linn, Malh, Morr, Mult, Umat, Wasc?, Wash, Whee Anodonta oregonensis BM, BR, CB, CR, EC, KM, WC, WV; AK, BC, CA, ID, G5Q -- -- 2 Oregon floater (mussel) NV, UT, WA S3? Bake, Bent, Clac, Clat, Colu, Coos, Doug, Gran, Harn, Hood, Jack, Klam, Lake, Lane, Linc, Linn, Mari, Mult, Polk, Sher, Umat, Wasc, Wash, Yamh Gonidea angulata BM, BR, CB, CR, EC, KM, WC, WV; BC, CA, ID, NV, G3 -- -- 2 Western ridged mussel WA + S2S3 CS Bake, Bent, Clac, Colu, Coos, Croo, Curr, Desc, Doug, Gran, Harn, Jeff, Jose, Klam, Linn, Malh, Mari, Morr, Mult, Umat, Unio, Wall, Wasc, Wash, Whee, Yamh Margaritifera falcata BM, BR, CB, CR, EC, KM, WC, WV; AK, BC, CA, ID, G5 -- -- 2 Western pearlshell (mussel) NV, WA + S3 Bake, Bent, Clac, Clat, Colu, Coos, Croo, Curr, Desc, Doug, Gran, Harn, Hood, Jack, Jeff, Jose, Klam, Lake, Lane, Linc, Linn, Malh, Mari, Morr, Mult, Polk, Sher, Till, Umat, Unio, Wall, Wasc, Wash, Whee, Yamh Order Veneroida Pisidium sp.
    [Show full text]
  • E Is for Earthworm an A-Z Guide
    E is for Earthworm An A-Z Guide This book is a product of a learning expedition on earthworms. Following an in-depth study of these amazing creatures, the students set out to write a book that would detail all of the things they learned. The book is in the form of collage. Students studied illustrators that use collage and took inspiration from these artists. They worked hard on their handwriting skills and revised their ABC letter to make it high quality. Words were transcribed from student to teacher. Please enjoy the hard work of 18 creative students. E is for Earthworm An A-Z Guide Written and Illustrated by Palouse Prairie School Kindergarten Class Quade Tucker Sasha Lillian Emma Emmit Henry Jamie Matthew Asher Noah Rowan Ian Meradydd Amberlee Zackary Lizzie Satori Text Copyright © 2010 Palouse Prairie School - Kindergarten Class Illustrations Copyright © 2010 Palouse Prairie School - Kindergarten Class Cover design by Satori Zimmerman Layout/design Julene Ewert The illustrations in this book were executed with collage and mixed media. The text was set in 18 point Gills Sans. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Palouse Prairie School 1500 Levick Street Moscow, ID 83843 Printed in the United States of America First Edition Palouse Prairie School E is for Earthworms An A-Z Guide Summary: An ABC book about earthworms.
    [Show full text]