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The Volsci Volcanic Field (Central Italy): Eruptive History, Magma System and Implications on Continental Subduction Processes

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The Volsci Volcanic Field (Central Italy): Eruptive History, Magma System and Implications on Continental Subduction Processes International Journal of Earth Sciences (2021) 110:689–718 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-01981-6 ORIGINAL PAPER The Volsci Volcanic Field (central Italy): eruptive history, magma system and implications on continental subduction processes F. Marra1 · G. L. Cardello2 · M. Gaeta2 · B. R. Jicha3 · P. Montone1 · E. M. Niespolo4,5 · S. Nomade6 · D. M. Palladino2 · A. Pereira6,7,8 · G. De Luca1 · F. Florindo1 · A. Frepoli1 · P. R. Renne4,5 · G. Sottili2 Received: 8 September 2020 / Accepted: 5 January 2021 / Published online: 12 February 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Here, we report on the Quaternary Volsci Volcanic Field (VVF, central Italy). In light of new 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data and compositional characterization of juvenile eruptive products, we refne the history of VVF activity, and outline the implications on the pre-eruptive magma system and the continental subduction processes involved. Diferent from the nearby volcanic districts of the Roman and Campanian Provinces, the VVF was characterized by small-volume (0.01–0.1 km3) eruptions from a network of monogenetic centers (mostly tuf rings and scoria cones, with subordinate lava occurrences), clustered along high-angle faults of lithospheric depth. Leucite-bearing, high-K (HKS) magmas (for which we report for the frst time the phlogopite phenocryst compositions) mostly fed the early phase of activity (∼761–539 ka), then primitive, plagioclase-bearing (KS) magmas appeared during the climactic phase (∼424–349 ka), partially overlapping with HKS ones, and then prevailed during the late phase of activity (∼300–231 ka). The fast ascent of primitive magma batches is typical of a tectonically controlled volcanic feld, where the very low magma fux is a passive byproduct of regional tectonic strain. We suggest that the dominant compressive stress feld acting at depth was accompanied by an extensional regime in the upper crust, associated with the gravity spreading of the Apennine chain, allowing the fast ascent of magma from the mantle source with limited stationing in shallow reservoirs. Keywords Quaternary volcanism · 40Ar/39Ar geochronology · Potassic magmatism · Tyrrhenian Sea margin · Central Italy Introduction The Volsci Volcanic Field (VVF) (Cardello et al. 2020), * F. Marra previously known (improperly) as Monti Ernici volcanoes [email protected] (Murchison 1850; Ponzi 1858a, b; Branco 1877), includes the Middle Latin Valley volcanic feld (Angelucci et al. 1 Istituto Nazionale di Geofsica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy 1974; Pasquarè et al. 1985; Narcisi 1986; Frezzotti et al. 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra, Sapienza-Università di 2007; Boari et al. 2009; Centamore et al. 2010), and is asso- Roma, Rome, Italy ciated with the potassic magmatism active along the Tyrrhe- 3 Department of Geoscience, University nian coast of central Italy during Quaternary (Fig. 1). Based of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA on isotope geochemical afnity, Peccerillo (2017) grouped 4 Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University the VVF volcanics within the Ernici–Roccamonfna Vol- of California, Berkeley, USA canic Province, distinct from the Roman and Campanian 5 Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, USA ones. 6 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement The Tyrrhenian Sea margin back-arc domain has been (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), IPSL, Université Paris-Saclay, afected by extensional tectonics since Pliocene, as a con- Gif sur Yvette, France sequence of the retreat of the west-directed Adriatic slab, 7 CNRS Laboratoire GEOPS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, whereas the central part of the Italian peninsula displays France regional uplift that has built the Apennine belt (e.g., 8 Département Homme et Environnement, UMR 7194, HNHP, Doglioni et al. 1994; Hippolyte et al. 1994; Sartori et al. Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Vol.:(0123456789)1 3 690 International Journal of Earth Sciences (2021) 110:689–718 Fig. 1 a Structural scheme of Central Italy. Legend: AAL Ancona– Volcanic Field (including the middle Latin Valley or Ernici volcanoes Anzio Line, OAL Olevano–Antrodoco Line, ORL Ortona–Rocca- from previous literature); RM Roccamonfna, PF Campi Flegrei, VE monfna Line. Grey areas represent the Quaternary volcanic districts Somma–Vesuvius, b regional geological sketch map showing the of the “Roman” and “Campanian” Provinces (Peccerillo 2017): VU location of the study area Vulsini, VI Vico, MS Monti Sabatini, CA Colli Albani, VVF Volsci 2004; Molli 2008; Carminati et al. 2014; Beaudoin et al. centers (Boari et al. 2009; Centamore et al. 2010). The 2017). The development of NW- and NE-striking high-angle reported occurrence of mafc volcanic rock types repre- normal faults has produced a Horst-and-Graben structure sentative of diferent magma suites (i.e., ultrapotassic, calc- extending from Tuscany to Campania, along which several alkaline and kamafugitic; Boari and Conticelli 2007; Frez- potassic volcanic districts were active since 0.8 Ma to pre- zotti et al. 2007; Boari et al. 2009; Centamore et al. 2010; sent (Peccerillo 2017 and references therein).Volcanic activ- Koornneef et al. 2019) is another intriguing aspect of this ity in the Roman Province, including major caldera-forming volcanic feld. These “bullet eruptions”, fed by fast ascend- explosive events, has occurred since ca. 590–565 ka at the ing magma batches, open a window on mantle source in Vulsini, Monti Sabatini and Colli Albani volcanic districts continental subduction settings. (Fig. 1), and it seems to have ceased progressively from Prior to this study, the reconstruction of the VVF erup- NW to SE since ca. 111 ka (Vulsini), 95 ka (Vico), 70 ka tive history was based on an old set of K–Ar ages spanning (Sabatini) and 36 ka (Colli Albani) (Barberi et al. 1994; Per- 0.7–0.1 Ma (Fornaseri 1985; Basilone and Civetta 1975). ini et al. 2004; Palladino et al. 2010; Marra et al. 2016, 2019, However, they lack analytical details and, as for other age 2020a, b). To the south of the VVF, the activity of the Roc- determinations performed in the 1970–1980s, their accu- camonfna volcano, although poorly constrained geochro- racy is questionable (e.g., Karner and Renne 1998). The nologically, seems to have spanned 696 ± 49 to 148 ± 18 ka only recent 40Ar/39Ar investigation (Boari et al. 2009) was with potential younger activity (i.e., 53 ± 27 ka, Radicati di essentially based on the dating of small-volume lava fows Brozolo 1988; Rouchon et al. 2008). and thus cannot be considered as representative of the whole Unlike the other volcanic districts of the Tyrrhenian temporal and compositional spectrum of the VVF activity. margin, the VVF eruptive centers occur within the inner We present a new set of 40Ar/39Ar dates of VVF eruptive Apennine mountain range (Fig. 1). Another peculiarity of products, integrated with petrographic and microchemical the VVF volcanism is the lack of a major volcanic edifce analyses, in the frame of stratigraphic, geomorphologic, or a central caldera. Instead, the rapid ascent of relatively structural, and seismological observations. Our work con- primitive magmas from the mantle source has produced a tributes to a comprehensive reconstruction of the VVF erup- network of monogenetic magmatic and phreatomagmatic tive history and feeder magma system, with respect to the 1 3 International Journal of Earth Sciences (2021) 110:689–718 691 possible geodynamic setting. This provides implications on the formation and growth of intramountain basins. An exam- the broader volcano-tectonic context of the Tyrrhenian Sea ple of extensional tectonics is represented by two main mor- margin of central Italy and related hazard assessment. pho-structural elements within the Latin Valley (Fig. 1): the Liri Valley to the SE, and the Sacco Valley to the NW cor- responding to the middle sector of the NW-trending graben Geological-structural setting also known as “Middle Latin Valley”. The most recent tectonic phase along the axial zone of The study area (Fig. 1) is part of the central Apennines, a the Apennines (i.e., Marsica; Fig. 1) is expressed by a set of mountain chain made up of terrains belonging to diferent mainly NW-trending normal or normal oblique fault systems Meso-Cenozoic paleogeographical domains developed after (Calamita and Pizzi 1994; Lavecchia et al. 1994; Ghisetti Late Triassic on the southern margin of the rifting Tethys and Vezzani 1999; Piccardi et al. 1999; Morewood and Rob- (Parotto and Praturlon 1975; Bernoulli 2001; Cardello and erts 2000; Blumetti and Guerrieri 2007; Pizzi and Galadini Doglioni 2015). The study area is located between the Sim- 2009). The present-day stress feld is characterized by a bruini–Ernici–Cairo mountain ridges and the Volsci Range prevalent, ~ NE–SW oriented, extension, derived by stress (Fig. 1), which belong to the Latium–Abruzzi neritic carbon- indicators (Montone and Mariucci 2019). The chronologi- ate domain (upper Triassic-middle Miocene), covered by cal range of the extensional tectonics is poorly constrained, middle Miocene to early Pliocene syn-orogenic siliciclas- although it is generally assigned to the Quaternary (e.g., tic deposits (Centamore et al. 2007 and references therein). Sani et al. 2004). However, an intensive extensional phase Overall, the central Apennine fold-and-thrust belt is charac- related to the formation of the Liri lacustrine basin (Lirino terized by tectonic structures showing northeast polarities Lake Synthem) occurred during the Middle Pleistocene due to Late Tortonian–Early Messinian compressional
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