Best Practices Manual for Solar Hot Water Systems
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Experimental and Computational Study of Indirect Expansion Solar Assisted Heat Pump System with Latent Heat Storage for Domestic Hot Water Production
Experimental and computational study of indirect expansion solar assisted heat pump system with latent heat storage for domestic hot water production A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) by Walid Mohamed Khalil Abdalla Youssef College of Engineering, Design, and Physical Sciences Brunel University London Abstract Solar assisted heat pump (SAHP) systems have been widely applied in domestic hot water (DHW) production due to their sustainability and stability in operations. However, their performance efficiency requires further improvement using advanced technologies such as energy storage with phase change materials (PCM) and optimal system controls. Undoubtedly, employing PCMs for latent heat storage (LHS) application has a great potential to improve a solar thermal application performance. Despite this fact, the use of PCM in this area is quite limited due to the poor thermal conductivity of available PCMs. Therefore, heat transfer enhancement is one of the essential strategies that can overcome this obstacle. Accordingly, a test rig of a new indirect expansion solar assisted heat pump (IDX-SAHP) system has been designed, built and instrumented. The system can handle heating capacity up to 9 kW. The IDX-SAHP system consists of three operational loops: solar thermal, solar-air assisted heat pump and load profile. A 2 kW PCM heat exchanger (HX) was purposely designed and installed in the system solar thermal loop to store solar energy, when applicable, and release heat when required by the heat pump. The PCM HX is employed with a novel heat transfer enhancement method. The maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of the IDX-SHAP system reached 4.99 during the sunny day with the PCM (HX) integration. -
A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy Storage
sustainability Review A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy Storage Ioan Sarbu * ID and Calin Sebarchievici Department of Building Services Engineering, Polytechnic University of Timisoara, Piata Victoriei, No. 2A, 300006 Timisoara, Romania; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40-256-403-991; Fax: +40-256-403-987 Received: 7 December 2017; Accepted: 10 January 2018; Published: 14 January 2018 Abstract: Thermal energy storage (TES) is a technology that stocks thermal energy by heating or cooling a storage medium so that the stored energy can be used at a later time for heating and cooling applications and power generation. TES systems are used particularly in buildings and in industrial processes. This paper is focused on TES technologies that provide a way of valorizing solar heat and reducing the energy demand of buildings. The principles of several energy storage methods and calculation of storage capacities are described. Sensible heat storage technologies, including water tank, underground, and packed-bed storage methods, are briefly reviewed. Additionally, latent-heat storage systems associated with phase-change materials for use in solar heating/cooling of buildings, solar water heating, heat-pump systems, and concentrating solar power plants as well as thermo-chemical storage are discussed. Finally, cool thermal energy storage is also briefly reviewed and outstanding information on the performance and costs of TES systems are included. Keywords: storage system; phase-change materials; chemical storage; cold storage; performance 1. Introduction Recent projections predict that the primary energy consumption will rise by 48% in 2040 [1]. On the other hand, the depletion of fossil resources in addition to their negative impact on the environment has accelerated the shift toward sustainable energy sources. -
February 2017 Monthly Report
Bank of America Credit Card Statement for the Period ending February 28, 2017 TRANSACTION REPORTS TO INTERMEDIATE MERCHANT NAME AMOUNT POSTING DATE COST ALLOCATION - EXPENSE OBJECT EXPENSE DESCRIPTION 311 CENTER SNAPENGAGE CHAT $ 49.00 02/15/2017 64505 TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIER LINE CH 311 MONTHLY LIVE CHAT FEE 311 CENTER WPY ONEREACH $ 198.00 02/17/2017 64505 TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIER LINE CH 311 MONTHLY LIVE TEXT FEE 311 CENTER AMAZON MKTPLACE PMTS $ 69.30 02/27/2017 64505 TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIER LINE CH 311 ANNIVERSARY GIFTS 311 CENTER AMAZON MKTPLACE PMTS $ 99.90 02/27/2017 64505 TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIER LINE CH 311 ANNIVERSARY GIFTS 311 CENTER BENNISONS BAKERY INC $ 64.86 02/27/2017 64505 TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIER LINE CH 311 OPEN HOUSE 311 CENTER VALLI PRODUCE $ 10.98 02/28/2017 64505 TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIER LINE CH 311 ANNIVERSARY PARTY DRINKS 311 CENTER DOLLARTREE $ 7.00 02/28/2017 64505 TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIER LINE CH 311 ANNIVERSARY PARTY ITEMS ADMIN SVCS/ FACILITIES ABLE DISTRIBUTORS $ 10.69 02/01/2017 65050 BUILDING MAINTENANCE MATERIAL COVER FOR THERMOSTAT ADMIN SVCS/ FACILITIES THE HOME DEPOT #1902 $ 153.64 02/01/2017 65050 BUILDING MAINTENANCE MATERIAL HEATER PARTS ADMIN SVCS/ FACILITIES CONNEXION $ 100.97 02/01/2017 65050 BUILDING MAINTENANCE MATERIAL OUTDOOR LIGHTS ADMIN SVCS/ FACILITIES THE HOME DEPOT #1902 $ 5.98 02/01/2017 65085 MINOR EQUIP & TOOLS TOOLS ADMIN SVCS/ FACILITIES SHERWIN WILLIAMS 70370 $ 210.56 02/02/2017 65050 BUILDING MAINTENANCE MATERIAL BATHROOM REMODEL PAINT ADMIN SVCS/ FACILITIES RIXON -
As One of the Leading Suppliers of Fire Protection
A DURABLE FIBRE CEMENT & STEEL COMPOSITE BUILDING MATERIAL s one of the leading suppliers of fire protection We, as a company, do not just manufacture products, products and systems world wide, Intumex Asia rather we provide a comprehensive service to achieve the AaPacific are acutely aware of the importance of best solution to specific fire or blast protection problems. product quality and consistency. These factors are critical for all fire protection products and systems as peoples We can offer advice at the design stage, provide lives may depend on them. construction detailing and where necessary, special project orientated product and system testing which will First produced in 1934, DURASTEEL® became part of our enable the manufacture of custom built solutions, tailored product range in 1980. As one of the world leaders and to your needs. specialists in passive fire protection, Intumex Asia Pacific have been instrumental in protecting life, the Our commitment to quality and to continual product and environment and financial investment, and as such offers system research, development and testing enable you to ® systems that are technically advanced and value- specify DURASTEEL systems with confidence. engineered to meet today s market needs. All Intumex products, therefore, are manufactured under We have used our specialist technical and engineering skills accredited EN ISO 9000 quality assurance procedures, to develop fire and blast protection for some of the worlds and our products and systems are extensively tested to most valuable industries. These include major projects for all relevant national standards for fire and impact nuclear power plants, gas terminals, offshore production resistance, and acoustic and thermal insulation. -
British Engine Boiler Insurance Company Limited
British Engine, Boiler and Electrical Insurance Company Limited, 1878- 1991 Location and extent of archival material: SS4/2-8, 57 boxes The listing has been completed in box number order and there has been no attempt to arrange material into series as the collection simply includes a large selection of miscellaneous company catalogues. Company history The Company was founded in Manchester on November 12 1878 under the title of ‘The Engine and Boiler Insurance Company’ with RB Longridge as Chairman and Micheal Longridge (his nephew) as Chief Engineer. The Longridge family were established engineers at the beginning of the 19th Century. They were originally iron masters of Bedlington, Northumberland who also supplied castings and forgings to the engineers of the day. They were involved in the early development of industrial steam engines and were business partners with both George and Robert Stephenson. Members of the Longridge family continued to serve the Insurance Company from the early days until the introduction of nuclear power. RB Longridge formed The Steam Boiler Assurance Company in 1859 but later resigned. Following his resignation he formed ‘The Engine and Boiler Insurance Company Limited’. Within two years the name changed to ‘The Engine, Boiler and Employers’ Liability Company Limited’. In 1903, the Silver Jubilee year the title ‘British Engine, Boiler and Electrical Insurance Company Limited’ was adopted, and in 1978 the title was abbreviated to ‘British Engine Insurance Limited’. The family association terminated in 1966 with the retirement of HM Longridge. The name of Longridge was perpetuated in the title of the Head Office building in Manchester- Longridge House, erected in 1959 on a site embracing that of the original Manchester Steam Users Association of which RB Longridge was Chief Inspector. -
Engineering Handbook for the Designer of Hydro-Pneumatic Applications in Engineered Mechanical Systems…
ENGINEERING HANDBOOK FOR THE DESIGNER OF HYDRO-PNEUMATIC APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERED MECHANICAL SYSTEMS… This design handbook concerns the design, selection and application of hydro-pneumatic components in commercial, industrial, institutional and high-rise residential mechanical piping systems. Hydro-pneumatics—Can best be defined as the use of a gas, (usually air), in a liquid- filled piping system to control operating pressure, liquid expansion, and water hammer during system operation in applications for space heating and cooling; water heating (potable and process); and water supply applications (well systems and pressure booster systems). Section A, beginning on page A-1, will deal with the fundamentals of hydro-pneumatics in liquid heating and cooling systems. Section B, beginning on page B1, will cover sizing and design requirements, sizing procedures, installation and application variations of EXTROL hydro-pneumatic (expansion) tanks for hot water and chilled water hydronic systems. Section C, beginning on page C-1, will deal with air removal procedures in large hot water heating and cooling systems. The contents of each section are provided to aid the professional designer, specifier and estimator of engineered mechanical systems in selecting and applying hydro-pneumatic products as originally designed and produced by AMTROL Inc., to arrive at the most efficient and dependable system operation possible. In the future, the contents of this binder will be up-dated as new breakthroughs in the ever-changing mechanical systems field -
Solar Solutions Bristol Stickney, Technical Director, Cedar Mountain Solar Systems, Santa Fe, N.M
Solar Solutions Bristol Stickney, technical director, Cedar Mountain Solar Systems, Santa Fe, N.M. Bristol’s six principles of good solar hydronic design Basic Combi-System Controls In this series of articles, I have been making the case that the key become my basic standard piping arrangement for over a decade for ingredients for solar/hydronic design and installation can be divided Combi-system 101. There are a number of additional benefits when into six categories, listed below, roughly in order of their importance. using this system in real-world installations. The primary loop is typ- 1. RELIABILITY ically installed horizontally, hanging from the ceiling. The swing 2. EFFECTIVENESS check valves must me installed horizontally or “flow upward,” since 3. COMPATIBILITY they may not close properly if installed “flow downward.” 4. ELEGANCE For the purpose of this discussion, I will present the very simplest 5. SERVICEABILITY control system that will provide the homeowner with Reliable and 6. EFFICIENCY Effective use of the solar heat available from this sample heating The success of any solar hydronic home heating installation system. Keep in mind, that as a simple example, it does not include depends on the often-conflicting balance between any of these six night cooling, baseboard heat, heat storage tanks for space heating principles. Finding the balance between them defines the art of solar or other relatively common options. Each additional option would heating design. require additional control components to be included in our wiring n previous columns I have introduced and explained some of the and control system. So to keep this article brief we will limit the dis- elemental concepts of hydronic solar home heating. -
Supertherm (VS Series) Indirect Fired, Semi-Instantaneous, Steam and Boiler Water Heater (Vertically Built, Steam to Water with Electronic Or Pneumatic Controls)
Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual SuperTherm (VS Series) Indirect Fired, Semi-Instantaneous, Steam and Boiler Water Heater (Vertically Built, Steam to Water with Electronic or Pneumatic Controls) This manual applies to the following models: SuperTherm VS06_S2A SuperTherm VS08_S2A SuperTherm VS010_S2A SuperTherm VS012_S2A SuperTherm VS06_D2A SuperTherm VS08_D2A SuperTherm VS010_D2A SuperTherm VS012_D2A CONTRACTOR / FACILITY INFORMATION NOTE: This user manual must always accompany the specific unit as recorded below: Model #: _______________________________ Serial #: _______________________________ Install Date: ____________________________ DHT SUPERTHERM WATER HEATER Latest Update: 09/05/2018 DISCLAIMER The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice from Diversified Heat Transfer, Inc. (DHT). DHT makes no warranty of any kind in respect to this material, including, but not limited to, implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular application. DHT is not liable for errors appearing in this document, nor for incidental or consequential damages occurring in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of these materials. REV-3 Diversified Heat Transfer, Inc. 439 Main Road, Route 202 Towaco, New Jersey 07082 Page 1 of 90 SuperTherm Manual Phone: 800-221-1522 Website: www.dhtnet.com 02/24/2018 SUPERTHERM Install, Operation, and Maintenance Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS: SECTION 1: GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................... -
Installation and Operation Manual for Solar Indirect Water Heaters
To the Installer: To the Consumer: Please attach these instructions Please read these and all component next to the water heater. instructions and keep for future reference. Solar Indirect Water Heater Instruction Manual Warranty, Registration Card and Parts List are included. Homeowner: Please remember to return the Registration Card! WARNING INSTALLER RESPONSIBILITIES Improper installation, adjustment, alteration, Please read all instructions thoroughly before service or maintenance can cause serious installing or placing the heater into service. injury or property damage. Refer to this This unit must be installed by licensed or manual. For assistance or additional authorized installers, or technical personnel information, consult a qualified installer or that service water heating equipment. The service agency. heater must be installed in accordance with all local codes and ordinances. CAUTION The recommended temperature for normal These instructions are a guide for the correct residential use is 120°F. The dial on the installation of the water heater. The aquastat does not always reflect the out- manufacturer will not be liable for damages coming water temperature, which could caused by failure to comply with the installation occasionally exceed 120°F. The variation in out- and operating instructions outlined on the coming temperature could be based on factors following pages. including but not limited to usage patterns and CAUTION type of installation. Test your water at the tap The recommended water temperature setting nearest to the water heater. for normal residential use is 120°F/49°C. WARNING HANDLING Hotter water increases the risk of scald injury. Before uncrating, check for shipping damage. Before adjusting the water temperature setting, Report any damage to your carrier. -
Taeevo Tech Is an Air Cooled Liquid Chiller, Designed for Industrial Use and for Installation in an External Environment
PROCESS COOLING SOLUTIONS TAEevo Air cooled industrial chillers with Scroll compressors - R410A Nominal cooling capacity 1.7 – 53.6 Tons Cooling your industry, optimising your process. TAEevo Tech is an air cooled liquid chiller, designed for industrial use and for installation in an external environment. A broad range of options available in product configuration and accessories in kit form, complete the already generous standard equipment and allow this machine to meet the majority of requirements of industrial applications. TAEevo Tech is therefore the solution for all applications that require high performance, reliability, continuity of operation and reduced management costs. Higher energy efficiency Respect for the Environment IC208CX microprocessor control User friendly Thanks especially to the ener- The eco-friendly refrigerant R410A TAEevo Tech features a new ad- The operation principle of the unit gy efficient scroll compressors, (ODP=0) with outstanding heat vanced microprocessor control is displayed in a simple and intui- the oversized evaporator and the conductivity, coupled with the low technology, with all models fitted tive synoptic sticker with new de- refrigerant R410A, TAEevo Tech absorbed power level of the scroll with a unique IC208CX digital con- sign. The meaning of the codes of achieves leading energy efficiency compressors, reduce the environ- trol. A comprehensive digital dis- the main alarms shown on the dis- levels. This is mated to low main- mental impact, minimizing the en- play keeps the user fully informed play of the controller are therefore tenance needs, ensuring TAEevo ergy waste. Recyclable and high concerning the correct operation easy to understand, even without Tech is a highly economical long- quality materials ensure respect for of the unit, warnings and alarms. -
Preparation and Startup of New Systems This Document Is Offered As a General Guideline to Starting a New Or Freshly Filled System
New System Startup Preparation and Startup of New Systems This document is offered as a general guideline to starting a new or freshly filled system. Please follow proper safety procedures and consult your system manufacturer for specifics on your system and what steps need to be taken to ensure a smooth and safe start up. System Preparation 1. A general inspection of the system before proceeding is recommended. Ensure all pipes, flanges, valves etc. are properly installed/tightened and valves are in their designated open/closed position for charging the system with fluid. 2. Inspect system for any water that may have been introduced during construction, pressure testing etc. Check with your system manufacturer for specific procedures but opening low point drains and blowing nitrogen or dry air (moist/standard air could introduce more water) through the system is generally recommended to ensure the system is dry. Filling the System Once the system’s integrity has been checked and all water removed it’s time to start filling the system. 1. Consider the ambient/fluid temperature and its affect on the fluid’s viscosity to ensure adequate pumps are available to start charging the system with fluid. Consult your specific Duratherm fluid property chart for its viscosity at your specific fill temperature. 2. Open all high point vents and valves to the various system ‘users’. 3. Filling the system should be done through the lowest point in the system in order to prevent air pockets - this is generally at the pump level and in some cases the system pump may be appropriate for filling the system. -
Idronics 6: Solar Thermal Combisystems
Idronics#6 Feat_rev2.indd 1 5/4/10 2:57:56 PM CaleffiCaleffi North North America, America, Inc. Inc. 98503883 South W. Milwaukee 54th Street Rd Franklin,Milwaukee, WI 53132 Wisconsin 53208 T:T: 414.421.1000414.238.2360 F: F: 414.421.2878 414.238.2366 Dear Hydronic Professional, Dear Hydronic Professional, Welcome to the 6th edition of idronics, Caleffi ’s semi-annual design journal Welcomefor hydronic to theprofessionals. 2nd edition of idronics – Caleffi’s semi-annual design journal for hydronic professionals. The global recession has slowed nearly all industries over the past year. TheHowever, 1st edition despite of idronicsdeclines was in construction, released in January solar water 2007 heater and distributed shipments to over 80,000in the US people increased in North 50% America. during 2008.It focused on the topic hydraulic separation. From the feedback received, it’s evident we attained our goal of explaining the benefits andAs more proper and application more HVAC of professionalsthis modern design become technique familiar forwith hydronic solar water systems. heating, many recognize opportunities to extend solar thermal technology A Technical Journal Iffor you combined haven’t domesticyet received hot a water copy andof idronics space heating#1, you applications.can do so by Thissending is a in the attachedtrend our reader parent response Caleffi SpA card, identifi or by ed registering several years online ago at in www.caleffi.us Europe, and is. The from publicationnow a topic willof growing be mailed interest to you here free inof North charge. America. You can For also this download reason, the Caleffi Hydronic Solutions completesolar “combisystems” journal as a PDF was fileselected from our as theWeb topic site.