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Biene S T Ar Animal Manu Al De Serpiente S Y Pro T Oc Ol O BIENESTAR ANIMAL MANUAL DE SERPIENTES Y PROTOCOLO DE AVISTAMIENTO Indice Objetivo .............................................................................................2 Estrategia para el bienestar animal................................. Glosario animalmente amigable ......................................4 Generales .........................................................................................4 Diferencias entre serpientes no venenosas y venenosas ...................................................4 Algunas especies de la familia Elapidae.....................4 Tipos de veneno ...........................................................................4 Accidentes ofidicos primeros respondientes ...........4 Créditos Código Plata ...................................................................................4 Elaboración Nallely Alarcón Procedimiento para activar un Karol Sepúlveda “Código plata” ................................................................................4 Colaboración Noé Tensyng Barajas Olguin Contacto ............................................................................................4 Diseño Saúl Hernández Padilla Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret Bienestar Animal Política de Bienestar Animal Se refiere al estado del organismo que incluye La población de Fauna del Grupo Xcaret cuenta aspectos de su estado fisiológico, su estado con altos estándares de Bienestar Animal que mental y sus necesidades de comportamiento garantizan su salud física, funcional y mental para interactuar de manera positiva con con base en el cumplimiento del modelo de su entorno. Se basa en el modelo de los 5 “Los Cinco Dominios”. dominios que busca generar experiencias desafiantes y positivas en todos los organismos bajo nuestro cuidado. Los 5 Dominios 3. Entorno. Proporcionarles refugios, 1. Nutrición. Dieta balanceada acorde a las diversidad de estímulos, hábitats acorde a su necesidades fisiológicas y actividades de cada biología y oportunidades para esconderse del especie, asegurando que la alimentación se visitante en caso de que así lo deseen. encuentre disponible cada vez que ellos lo necesiten. 4. Conducta. Espacio para que expresen comportamientos naturales positivos y 2. Salud. Contar con programas preventivos movilización de ejemplares acorde a sus y proveer cuidados médicos veterinarios necesidades y biología. con especialistas cada vez que se requiera. Asegurar que cuentan con cuidados de 5. Experiencia. Ofrecer un espacio que médicos veterinarios y especialistas cada vez desarrolle comportamientos de búsqueda, que se necesite. socialización, juego, recompensa e interacción con su entorno. 4 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret Habilidades Estrategia para el Naturales Bienestar Animal Experiencia Juego, Curiosidad, Tranquilidad, Satisfacción, Compañía, Buen Recompensa, interacción Bienestar Conducta Expresiones conductuales naturales, Manejo, Interacción social Bienestar Entorno Oportunidades, Diversidad, Elecciones ambientales, Ambientes seguros, etc. Cuidado Animal Salud Capacidades, Adaptación Nutrición Disponibilidad, Dietas Supervivencia 5 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret 6 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret MODELO DE XOSTENIBILIDAD El Modelo de Xostenibilidad está basado en las acciones que hacemos todos los días, es la manera en la que se conduce el negocio y hace crecer a la empresa al mismo tiempo que genera un impacto positivo en nuestro entorno social y natural. La trayectoria y las acciones del Grupo Xcaret han permitido generar un negocio rentable con alto capital empresarial, con capital ambiental y con capital humano que hacen de la empresa un ejemplo de crecimiento sostenible adoptado como parte de su filosofía. El Modelo de Xostenibilidad, nos permite comunicar con facilidad la importancia de tener un negocio próspero con capacidad de invertir en los tres capitales, el empresarial, el humano y el natural; para esto se han establecido tres pilares que nos permiten generar planes de trabajo: Prosperidad, Personas y Planeta. Con esta base podemos hacer negocios de una manera ética, resiliente y sostenible, comprometidos con el ejercicio de nuestros derechos, responsabilidades y obligaciones en la sociedad. 7 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret Animalmente amigable 8 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret Mal dicho Bien dicho Liberar Reintroducción Entrenar, amaestrar Enseñar, condicionar, reforzar Cuarentena Rehabilitación, área de resguardo Bichos, animales Ejemplares, organismos Cuidar Conservar Comida, alimento Dieta balanceada 9 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret 10 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret Objetivo Dar a conocer información biológica sobre serpientes, diferencias entre ellas y correcta movilización. 11 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret Generales todos los ecosistemas del planeta, con excepción de los polos. Esta palabra deriva de las voces griegas Herpe ton que significa reptil, y logos, tratado. La mayoría de ellas se En la escala zoológica las arrastran para desplazarse Por instinto reconocen serpientes se clasifican de un sitio a otro, acción que olores y formas dentro del grupo animal se denomina “reptar”. determinadas. No atacan denominado reptiles y se a menos que se sientan caracterizan por tener el Estos animales poseen amenazadas o lastimadas cuerpo cubierto de escamas. cerebro poco desarrollado, por los humanos. Se estudian dentro de la por lo que su comportamiento rama de la biología llamada es más instintivo que Herpetología. conductual. Las serpientes carecen Las serpientes únicamente de miembros para la atacan a sus presas para locomoción; su larga historia obtener alimento; las y adaptación evolutiva les reconocen como tales ha conferido la capacidad porque han evolucionado de habitar en con ellas. 12 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret La reacción de ataque o mordedura no es más que un comportamiento de defensa; no lo hacen por infligirle daño al ser humano o para alimentarse de él. 13 Diferencias entre serpientes no venenosas y venenosas 14 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret ¿POR QUÉ MUERDEN LAS SERPIENTES? La mayoría de las mordeduras Pero también, cuando alguien Además, cuando por equivocación ocurren cuando accidentalmente trata de acercarse o tocarlas. alguien la toma con la mano pisamos a una serpiente. Recordemos, una mordedura es porque la serpiente se confunde un mecanismo de defensa. entre el follaje o al realizar trabajos agrícolas. Cabeza de serpientes no venenosas Cabeza de serpientes venenosas Las escamas son lisas al tacto Las escamas de la cabeza son pequeñas y de tamaño uniforme; también presentan quillas ásperas al tacto. Únicamente se observan los orificios nasales La cabeza es triangular o acorazonada Por lo regular la pupila es redonda Se observan los orificios nasales La cabeza no es triangular Fosetas loreales Presenta una serie de escamas grandes en la parte frontal y superior de la cabeza Presentan pupila vertical 15 Tipos de escamas Cicloides Aquilladas punteadas Granulares Cuadrangulares Cuadrangulares Morfología de la dentición de las serpientes Aglifas Proteroglifas Opistoglifas Solenoglifas Forma de la mordedura Orificio nasal Orificio nasal Fosetas Forma de la cabeza 16 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret Serpiente venenosa: Anatomía del cráneo y las glándulas de venenos Orificio nasal Ojo sin parpado Glándula de veneno Cobertura del colmillo Colmillo Colmillo de repuesto Diente de agarre Diente de presión Tejido elástico debajo de la mandíbula Lengua 17 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret CLASIFICACIÓN DE LAS SERPIENTES VENENOSAS Familia Unas 2000 especies con representantes medianamente Colubridae venenosos Opistoglifas. Unas 60 especies venenosas, incluyendo las serpientes Hydrophiidae marinas Proteroglifas. Elapidae Unas 200 especies, todas venenosas Proteroglifas. Viperidae Unas 180 especies incluyendo las víboras Solenoglifas. 18 Manual de serpientes y protocolo de avistamiento | Coordinación de educación | Grupo Xcaret ALGUNAS ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA VIPERIDAE Crotalus durissus Bothrops asper Agkistrodon bilineatus Cascabel Nauyaca Cantil 19 Como identificar a una Bothrops asper Nauyaca 20 Bothrops asper Xenodon rabdocephalus Terciopelo Falsa Terciopelo Venenosa No venenosa Pupila Escamas Sin Pupila Escamas Foseta vertical pequeñas foseta redonda grandes loreal 21 Porthidium yucatanicum Hocico de puerco Crotalus simus Cascabel tropical Algunas especies de la familia Elapidae Ophiophagus hannah La cobra real Laticauda colubrina Serpiente marina rayada Micrurus diastema Coralillo 24 Verdaderas corales Corales falsos Elementos de diagnóstico 1 Micrurus lemniscatus 5 Erythrolamprus desculapii para identificar : género 2 Micrurus hemprichii 6 Erythrolamprus desculapii Micrurus 3 Micrurus spixii 7 Oxyrhopus petola 4 Micrurus surinamensis 8 Lampropeltis triangulum 1 2 5 6 Falso coralillo
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