International Society for Rock Mechanics Международно Дружество По Скална Механика News Journal

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ROCK MECHANICS Международно дружество по скална механика NEWS JOURNAL

www.isrm.net The 2012 ISRM Year, the ISRM Board and Council meetings, 2012 ISRM Field Trip, EUROCK2012, ISRM 50-Year Anniversary Book and the ISRM Vice-Presidents’ and Commission Reports

The 2012 3rd ISRM Field Trip to Swedish Lapland in a specially chartered plane organised by Ove Stephansson and Per Tengborg with 24 participants from 9 countries—see pages 24 & 25

Annual Review 2012 Technical Paper Activities of the ISRM Board, FEM limit analysis Secretary-General’s Report, in tunnel engineering ISRM Information, Vice-Presidents’ by Ying-Ren Zheng of China and Commission Presidents’ reports

Volume 15, December 2012 See Table of Contents on Page 5

SINOROCK2013 An ISRM Specialised Conference “Rock Characterisation, Modelling and Engineering Design Methods”

Tongji University, Shanghai, China 18-20 June 2013

This is the third SINOROCK symposium: the first was held at the Three Gorges Dam Project site in 2004; the second was held at the University of Hong Kong in 2009. The Symposium will concentrate on developing the rock engineering design process through the linkage of rock characterisation, modelling and design methods, including feedback from the construction process itself. The Symposium is being held in association with the 2011-2015 ISRM Commission on Rock Engineering Design.

Co-Chairmen: Advisory and Organising Committee Qian Qihu: President, Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics and Engineering (Hon. Chairman) John A Hudson: ISRM President 2007–2011 Feng Xia-Ting: ISRM President 2011–2015 Zhu Hehua: Professor,Tongji University, China

Venue: Tongji University, Shanghai, China

A Short Course on “Structural Geology and Abstracts by Dec 2012 to: Rock Mechanics Input to Rock Mechanics

[email protected] Analyses and Modelling” will precede the Symposium (presented by Profs. Hudson and Website: Cosgrove from Imperial College, London, UK and Prof. Feng from the Institute of Rock and www.sinorock2013.org Soil Mechanics, CAS, China)

Sponsored by the International Society for Rock Mechanics, the Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics and Engineering, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2

EUROCK2013

An ISRM International Symposium “Rock Mechanics for Resources, Energy and Environment”

Wroclaw, Poland 21–26 September 2013 Convention Centre, Wroclaw University of Technology

With its history of more than 1000 years, Wroclaw is a beautiful city of monuments of the past, an opera house, a philharmonic hall, several theatres and numerous museums and art galleries

Organised by the Polish Society for Rock Mechanics Chairmen: Dariusz Lydzba, Organising Committee; Marek Kwasniewski, Scientific Committee 3

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ROCK MECHANICS Международно дружество по скална механика NEWS JOURNAL

www.isrm.net Editors Emeritus Prof John A Hudson Prof Xia-Ting Feng Immediate Past-President, ISRM President, ISRM, Institute of Rock & Soil Mechanics Imperial College of Science, Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China and Medicine, UK Tel./Fax.: +86 27 87198413 [email protected] [email protected] or [email protected]

ISRM Secretary-General Assistant Editor Dr Luis Lamas Dr Yan Guo LNEC, Avenida do Brasil, 101 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China Tel: +351 21 844 3419 Fax: +351 21 844 3021 Tel./Fax.: +86 27 87198413 [email protected] [email protected] or [email protected]

Editor’s Introduction to this Volume

Our new ISRM President, Prof- rock mechanics over the last 50 years . essor Xia-Ting Feng, and the The considerable activity that has taken place in the 2011–2015 ISRM Board Mem- six ISRM regions during 2012 is reported by the bers’ first calendar year in office ISRM Vice-Presidents (pp. 34–41). The number of has been marked by significant ISRM Commissions has increased and reports from 15 activity in many of the ISRM of the Commissions are included (pp. 42–49). areas. In particular, some ISRM The future of the ISRM continues to be bright with members enjoyed a magnificent the upcoming symposia SINOROCK2013 in Shanghai ISRM Technical and Cultural (see p. 2), EUROCK2013 in Poland (see p. 3) and John A Hudson Field Trip to Swedish Lapland Rock Stress 2013 in Japan (see back cover). (p. 24) organised by Ove Steph- It was with great sadness that during 2012 we ansson and Per Tengborg—which was followed by the learned of the loss of Dr John Franklin and Dr Fran- EUROCK2012 Symposium held in Stockholm, Sweden cois Heuze. Both these former colleagues contributed (p. 26). The EUROCK2012 discussion on the inclusion greatly to the development of rock mechanics, and our of structural geology in rock mechanics modelling is appreciation to them is recorded on pages 18–20. Both also reported here (p. 28) were researchers, teachers and consultants of consider- The ISRM was formed in 1962 and so the 50-year able stature. They were my technical colleagues and celebrations, which had begun in 2011 at the 12th ISRM personal friends and will be sorely missed. Congress held in Beijing, China, were concluded in An article on FEM limit analysis in tunnel engineer- 2012. An ISRM Anniversary book to celebrate the 50 ing by Ying-Ren Zheng of China begins on p. 50. years was distributed at the EUROCK2012 Symposium We are grateful to the many organisations who sup- and is available from the ISRM Secretariat (p. 33) . One port the ISRM through their corporate membership. of the highlights in this book is the review, prepared by These organisations are listed in pp. 56 & 57.

Professor Ted Brown, of the technical achievements in John A Hudson, Imperial College, London, UK

Table of Contents

ISRM 2012 Field Trip, Lapland Cover Crustal Stress Commission 43 Invitation to SINOROCK2013, China 2 Design Methodology Commission 43 Invitation to EUROCK2013, Poland 3 DDA Commission 44 Editorial, John A. Hudson 4 Education Commission 44 The 2011–2015 ISRM Board 6 Hard Rock Commission 45 2012 ISRM Year 8 Petroleum Commission 45 2012 ISRM Membership Distribution 9 Ancient Sites Commission 46 ISRM Board and Council Meetings 2012 10 Radioactive Waste Commission 46 Activities of the ISRM Board in 2012 12 Rock Dynamics Commission 47 Young Members’ Presidential Group 13 Soft Rocks Commission 47 ISRM Secretary-General Report for 2012 14 Rock Spalling Commission 48 Remembering Dr John A. Franklin 18 Testing Methods Commission 48 Remembering Dr Francois Heuze 20 URLs Commission 49 ISRM Membership Benefits 21 Organising ISRM Symposia and ISRM 22 Technical Article Events The Application of FEM Limit 50 ISRM Orange Book 23 Analysis in Tunnel Engineering by 2012 ISRM Field Trip, Swedish Lapland 24 Zheng Ying-Ren, China EUROCK2012 Report 26 EUROCK Structural Geology Discussion 28 ***** ISRM 50 Years Celebrations Culmination 32 ISRM Corporate Members 56 ISRM 50 Years Anniversary Book 33 ISRM Slide Collection 58 2012 Activity Report by ISRM 34 Hydraulic Fracturing Conference 59 Vice-President for Africa

2012 Activity Report by ISRM 36 Vice-President for Asia Invitation to the 2013 In Situ Rock Stress Symposium, Sendai, Japan 2012 Activity Report by ISRM 37 Vice-President for Australasia Back Cover 2012 Activity Report by ISRM 38 Vice-President for Europe 2012 Activity Report by ISRM 38 Vice-President for N. America 2012 Activity Report by ISRM 39 Vice-President for S. America 2012 Activity Reports by ISRM 40 Vice-Presidents at Large Geophysics Commission 42 THMC Commission 42

The 2011–2015 ISRM Board

Xia-Ting Feng Jacques Lucas President Vice-President, Africa Professor Xia-Ting Feng Institute of Rock and Soil Mr Jacques Lucas Mechanics Brentley, Lucas & Associates The Chinese Academy of Mining Consultants (Pty) Ltd Sciences P O Box 1276, Welkom 9460 Xiaohongshan, Wuchang South Africa Wuhan 430071, China Tel.: (+27) 11 482 8838 Tel: (+86) 27 87198913

[email protected] [email protected]

Yingxin Zhou David Beck Vice-President, Vice-President, Asia Australasia

Dr Yingxin Zhou Building and Infrastructure Dr David Beck Defence Science & Technology Beck Engineering Pty Ltd Agency 9 Reid Drive 1 Depot Road Chatswood West 2067 Defence Technology Tower A Australia Singapore 10967 Tel: (+61) 412 135 782 Tel: (+65) 6376 5363

[email protected] [email protected]

Frederic Pellet John Tinucci Vice-President, Vice-President, Europe North America

Prof Frederic Pellet Dr John Tinucci INSA-University of Lyon SRK Consulting Department of Civil Engineering 7175 West Jefferson Ave. 20 av. Albert Einstein Lakewood, CO 80235 69100 Villeurbanne USA France Tel.: (+1) 720 287 7225 Tel: (+33) 472 43 60 90

[email protected] [email protected]

Antonio Samaniego Yuzo Ohnishi Vice-President, Vice-President South America At Large

Dr Antonio Samaniego Prof Yuzo Ohnishi SVS Ingenieros SAC Kyoto University Grimaldo del Solar 875 Yoshida-Honmachi Miraflores Sakyo-ku Lima, 18, Peru Kyoto 606-8501 Peru Japan Tel: (+51) 1 2414077 Tel: (+81) 75-753-2218

[email protected] [email protected]

Manoj Verman Ivan Vrkljan Vice-President Vice-President At Large At Large

Dr Manoj Verman Prof Ivan Vrkljan Halcrow Institut IGH, Zagreb, & Plot No. 113 FF, Sector-44 Faculty of Civil Engineering Gurgaon – 122003 University of Rijeka India Janka Rakuse 1 Tel: (+91) 124-4968500 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Tel: (+385) 1 6125 283

[email protected] [email protected]

The 2011–2015 ISRM Board is Luís Lamas continuing the previous Board’s Secretary-General ‘modernisation’ programme— Dr Luís Lamas a key element of which is enhanced Secretary General, ISRM communication between all ISRM Members. LNEC, Av. do Brasil, 101 1700-066 Lisboa The email addresses of your regional Board Portugal representatives, together with those of the Tel.: (+351) 218443419 President and Secretary-General, are given on these two pages. [email protected] They will welcome contact/inquiries/

suggestions from current and potential ISRM Members.

The 2012 ISRM Year

Prepared by Luis Lamas, Portugal, ISRM Secretary-General ([email protected])

2012 ISRM Sponsored Events Key Events Dr Manoj Verman from India joins the ISRM Board, as Vice-

President at Large January

Publication of the 2011 issue of the ISRM News Journal

February

Approval of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a new ISRM National

Group March

Publication of the digital Newsletter No.17

April

ISRM International Symposium - EUROCK 2012 - Rock th Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Publication of the “ISRM 50 Anniversary Commemorative Book Underground Construction 1962–2012”.

 Dr José Muralha presented the ISRM Lecture Inauguration of the ISRM Historical Exhibition in Stockholm, at the 2012 May Eurock 2012 Symposium  Dr Maria Teresa Zandarin Iragorre presented the

2012 Rocha Medal paper st 1 ISRM Young Members’ meeting in Stockholm.  Dr Matthew E. Pierce, from Canada was selected

as the recipient of the Rocha Medal 2013 Federation of International Geo-Engineering Societies Board  Sapporo, Japan was selected as the venue of the meeting in Stockholm 2014 ISRM International Symposium

Display of the ISRM Historical Exhibition at the US Rock Mechanics

Symposium June

Publication of the digital Newsletter No.18

July Approval of Albania as a new ISRM National Group

II South American Symposium on Rock Excavations, Display of the ISRM Historical Exhibition at the II South American August San José, Costa Rica, an ISRM Regional Symposium Symposium on Rock Excavations in Costa Rica

Approval of the ISRM Guideline for the Video Presentation by

Candidates for ISRM President and Vice President September

Publication of the digital Newsletter No.19

Display of the ISRM Historical Exhibition at the 61st Geomechanics Colloquy in Salzburg, Austria, and at the ARMS7 Symposium

th 7 Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium ARMS7, Seoul, “Students’ Night” organised during ARMS7, for young ISRM October Korea members

Closure of the celebrations of the 50th Anniversary of the ISRM in Salzburg, Austria, where the Society was founded in 1962

The ISRM Lecture was renamed as the ‘ISRM Franklin Lecture’ to honour Past-President John Franklin

Approval of two new ISRM Suggested Methods: November  Suggested Method for rock fractures observations using a

borehole digital optical televiewer  ISRM Suggested Method for measuring rock mass displacement using a sliding micrometer

Dr Andreas Goricki from Austria was selected as the 2013 ISRM December Franklin Lecturer

Publication of the digital Newsletter No.20

2012 ISRM Membership Distribution

Prepared by Luis Lamas, Portugal, ISRM Secretary-General ([email protected])

ISRM COUNCIL MEETING 2012 MEMBERSHIP IN MAY 2012 Stockholm - Sweden Ordinary - Corresponding - Corporate Sunday, 27 May, 14h00

AFRICA ASIA AUSTRALASIA COUNTRIES EUROPE N AMERICA S AMERICA

0 1 0 Algeria ARGENTINA 9 1 0 273 22 2 AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA 367 1 0 0 1 0 Bahrain BELGIUM 38 1 0 BOLIVIA 22 2 0 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 6 0 0 0 1 0 Botswana BRAZIL 104 1 0 Bulgaria 0 3 0 CANADA 237 5 0 CHILE 38 2 1 720 10 16 CHINA COLOMBIA 20 4 0 COSTA RICA 14 0 0 CROATIA 135 1 0 CZECH REP. 24 0 0 DENMARK 5 0 0 Ecuador 0 2 0 0 0 1 Egipt 0 1 0 Ethiopia FINLAND 78 0 1 FRANCE 146 1 10 0 1 0 Ghana GERMANY 324 2 6 GREECE 91 1 0 Guatemala 0 1 0 313 2 2 INDIA 44 2 0 INDONESIA 130 14 0 IRAN 0 2 0 Iraq Ireland 0 4 0 15 0 0 ISRAEL ITALY 226 7 2 367 1 39 JAPAN 41 0 2 KOREA R 0 2 0 Malaysia Malta 0 1 0 Mexico 0 3 0 10 0 0 MIDDLE EAST ASIA 6 0 0 NEPAL NETHERLANDS 28 1 0 124 0 0 NEW ZEALAND 0 1 0 Nigeria NORWAY 229 1 17 0 1 0 Pakistan PARAGUAY 6 0 0 PERU 25 20 1 POLAND 74 0 0 PORTUGAL 156 1 7 Rep. of Macedonia 0 2 0 Romania 0 1 0 RUSSIA 32 2 0 SERBIA 9 0 0 70 1 0 SINGAPORE SLOVAKIA 10 0 0 SLOVENIA 34 0 0 407 1 2 SOUTH AFRICA 22 3 0 SOUTH EAST ASIA SPAIN 240 3 0 SWEDEN 252 1 18 0 1 0 Sri Lanka SWITZERLAND 157 2 3 TURKEY 122 2 0 0 2 0 United Arab Emirates UNITED KINGDOM 310 5 8 USA 500 5 2 VENEZUELA 11 0 0 0 4 0 Zambia 407 9 3 1738 42 59 397 22 2 3093 43 72 737 13 2 249 33 2 1 NGs 11 NGs 2 NGs 24 NGs 2 NGs 9 NGs

TOTALS: Members - 6621 Ordinary National Groups - 49 162 Corresponding 140 Corporate

Reports of ISRM Board and Council Meetings, Stockholm, 2012

Luis Lamas, Portugal, ISRM Secretary-General ([email protected]) ISRM BOARD MEETING, ISRM COUNCIL MEETING, Stockholm, May 2012 Stockholm, May 2012

This meeting was held in conjunction with the 2012 The ISRM held its Council meeting in conjunction with ISRM International Symposium EUROCK 2012 “Rock the 2012 ISRM International Symposium, EUROCK Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Under- 2012,“Rock Engineering and Technology for Sustaina- ground Construction” in Stockholm, Sweden, on 26 ble Underground Construction” in Stockholm, Sweden, May 2012. The meeting was chaired by the President of on 27 May 2012. 41 of the 49 National Groups were the ISRM, Prof. Xia-Ting Feng, and was attended by represented and two Past Presidents were present. Rep- the Vice Presidents of the regions, by the three Vice resentatives from IAEG and ICOLD were present, and Presidents at Large, and by the Secretary General. most of the ISRM Commission Chairmen attended the The subjects covered were as follows: meeting.  Report on the main decisions taken after the last Report of the President Board meeting The President reminded the meeting that the strategy  Brief presentations by the President, the Vice- for this Board’s tenure is to push the ISRM forward by Presidents and the Secretary General implementing further modernisation initiatives, namely  Brief presentation by the Secretary-General on the by improving benefits to members, communication, finances and budget for 2012 technical relevancy and governance of the ISRM. To  Accounts for 2011 and Budget for 2013 achieve these objectives, several items were assigned to  ISRM Commissions each member of the Board.  Rocha Medal 2013: selection of the winner The membership of the ISRM Young Members’  Selection of the ISRM Lecturer for the 2013 Inter- Presidential Group established in 2010 was extended national Symposium in Wroclaw in order to make the group more active and to address  Selection of ISRM Fellows to be inducted at the young members’ interests. The group now has one 2013 International Symposium in Wroclaw young member, under 35 years of age, from each  Issues for the Advisory Forum meeting at the ISRM National Group. 2013 International Symposium in Wroclaw The President also explained the advantages for the  Celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the ISRM Society to start an ISRM Book Series that could be  Printing and launch of the ‘Orange Book’ initiated with the work produced by the ISRM Com-  FedIGS and co-operation with other Societies missions. An agreement with CRC Press/Balkema,  Report on the progress of EUROCK 2012 which allows the ISRM and its members to enjoy sev- (Stockholm, Sweden, May 2012); of the II South eral advantages, is currently being negotiated. American Symposium of Rock Excavations (San Reports of the Regional Vice-Presidents José, Costa Rica, August 2012); of ARMS 7 Each ISRM Vice-President presented a report on the (Seoul, Korea, October 2012); and of EUROCK activities carried out in their respective geographical 2013 (Wroclaw, Poland, September 2013) areas (these reports are included in this issue of the  Selection of the Regional Conference Eurock News Journal, see pages 32–39) 2015 Report of the Secretary-General  Voting rights of National Groups in the ISRM The Secretary-General presented his report, informing Council the meeting, besides other issues, on the evolution of  Young Members Presidential Group membership, the National Groups’ growth (with Bosnia  Modernisation initiatives and Herzegovina now a NG of the Society), the Rocha Medal winner, the ISRM News Journal, Newsletter and Website, the Digital Library that is continuously and steadily being enlarged, and the commemorative book of the 50th Anniversary of the ISRM (see page 31). The report of the Secretary General is included in this Issue of the News Journal, see page 12. Celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the ISRM The Secretary General reminded the meeting that the celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the Society had begun in Beijing, China in October 2011 and was due

to close at the Geomechanics Colloquy in Salzburg, Rocha Medal 2010 Winner Announcement Austria in October 2012. As part of the associated initi- The Council was informed that the Board decided to atives, the “ISRM 50th Anniversary Commemorative award the Rocha Medal 2013 to Dr Matthew E. Pierce, Book 1962–2012”, edited by John A. Hudson and Luís from Canada, for his thesis entitled “A model for grav- Lamas and with contributions from several other ISRM ity flow of fragmented rock in block caving mines”. Dr members, was published and was due to be launched Pierce will be awarded his Rocha Medal at the during the Opening Ceremony of the EUROCK 2012 EUROCK 2013 in September 2013, in Wroclaw, Po- Symposium. The printing of 250 copies of the book was land. The Committee also awarded two Proxime Acc- sponsored by Prof. Feng’s State Key Laboratory for essit certificates to Dr He Lei from China, for his the- Geomechanics and Geo-engineering in Wuhan, China. sis “Three dimensional numerical manifold method The Secretary General also informed the meeting and rock engineering applications” and to Dr Andrea that an Historical Exhibition of the Society, composed Perino, from Italy, for her thesis “Wave propagation of six panels, had been prepared by Dr Nuno Gross- through discontinuous media in rock engineering”. mann and himself and was on display in the main hall. ISRM sponsored meetings The exhibition is also going to be on display at the US Wroclaw, Poland, was confirmed as the venue for the Rock Mechanics Symposium, at the II South Ameri- 2013 ISRM Council meeting, to be held on 22 Sep- can Symposium in Costa Rica, at the ARMS7 meeting tember 2013, in conjunction with EUROCK 2013. in Korea and at the 61st Geomechanics Colloquy in The organisers of the future ISRM sponsored events Salzburg, where the commemorations of the 50th anni- presented the progress of their events: versary of the ISRM will conclude. 28–30 May 2012, Stockholm, Sweden – “EUROCK 2012 – Rock Accounts of 2011 and Budget for 2013 Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Underground Construction”, an ISRM International Symposium. The ISRM accounts for 2011 and the Budget for 2013 8–10 August 2012, San José, Costa Rica – “II South American were approved. Symposium of Rock Excavations”, an ISRM Regional Sym- ISRM Commissions posium. The President informed the meeting of the 15 ISRM 15–19 October 2012, Seoul, Korea – “ARMS 7 – Asian Rock Me- Commissions that were approved for the period 2011– chanics Symposium 2012”, an ISRM Regional Symposium. 20–22 May 2013, Brisbane, Australia – “Effective and Sustainable 2015. Reports on their activity were presented by the Hydraulic Fracturing”, an ISRM Specialised Conference. respective Chairmen or their representatives. The ex- 18–20 June 2013, Shanghai, China – “SINOROCK 2013 – Rock isting Commissions and their Chairmen are: Characterisation, Modelling and Engineering Design Meth- ods”, an ISRM Specialised Conference. 20–22 August 2013, Sendai, Japan – “The 6th International Sympo-  Application of Geophysics to Rock Engineering sium on Rock Stress”, an ISRM Specialised Conference. (Prof. Toshifumi Matsuoka) 21–26 September 2013, Wroclaw, Poland – “EUROCK’2013 –  Coupled THMC Processes in Geological Mat Rock Mechanics for Resources, Energy and Environment”, erials and Systems (Prof. Jishan Liu) an ISRM International Symposium. 26–28 May 2014, Vigo, Spain – “EUROCK2014 – Rock Engineer-  Crustal Stress and Earthquakes (Prof. Furen Xie) ing and Rock Mechanics: Structures on and in Rock Mass-  Design Methodology (Prof. John A. Hudson and es”, an ISRM Regional Symposium. Prof. Xia-Ting Feng) 15–17 October 2014, Sapporo, Japan – “ARMS8 – Rock Mechan-  Discontinuous Deformation Analysis, DDA ics for Global Issues: Natural Disasters, Environment and (Prof.Yossef Hatzor and Prof. Guowei Ma) Energy”, an ISRM Regional Symposium.  Education (Prof. Meifeng Cai) 29 May–6 June 2015, Montreal, Canada – “Innovations in Applied and Theoretical Rock Mechanics”, the 13th ISRM Con-  Hard Rock Excavation (Dr Manoj Verman) gress.  Petroleum Geomechanics (Prof. Maurice B. 7–9 October 2015, Salzburg, Austria – “EUROCK 2015- the 64th Dusseault) Geomechanics Colloquy”, an ISRM Regional Symposium  Preservation of Ancient Sites (Prof. Wang Selection of the venue for the 2014 ISRM In- Xudong) ternational Symposium  Radioactive Waste Disposal (Prof. Ju Wang) Two ISRM Regional Symposia competed for the  Rock Dynamics (Prof. Kaiwen Xia) organisation of the 2014 International Symposium of  Soft Rocks (Prof. Dr Milton Assis Kanji) the ISRM: EUROCK2014, in Vigo, Spain, 26–28  Spalling Prediction (Dr. Mark Diederichs) May, and ARMS8, in Sapporo, Japan, 15–17 October.  Testing Methods (Prof. Resat Ulusay) After brief presentations by the organising committees  Underground Research Laboratories Networking of the candidate symposia, the Council voted—and (Prof. Joseph S.Y. Wang) ARMS8 to be held in Sapporo, Japan, was selected as the venue of the 2014 ISRM International Symposium.

Activities of the ISRM Board in 2012

Xia-Ting Feng (ISRM President) and Luis Lamas, (ISRM Secretary-General) The new Board of the ISRM began its activity imm- these to the President in November for an initial dis- ediately after the end of the 12th ISRM Congress in cussion. (See also opposite page.) Beijing, China, in October 2011, but it wasn’t until The 1st Young Members’ meeting of the Society was January 2012 that the team was complete, with the held during the Eurock2012 symposium and was joining of Manoj Verman, from India, as Vice Presi- attended by the Board members, together with 21 dent at Large. active young people. The themes discussed were wide The 2011 ISRM Congress in Beijing also marked and relevant to the young community, such as job the beginning of the one-year-period celebrations of opportunities, education, funding, communication and the 50th anniversary of the ISRM, which symbolically participation in the ISRM. Activities dedicated to was finalised during the 61st Geomechanics Colloquy Young Members followed during the ARMS7 meet- in October, in Salzburg, the town where the Society ing, with a specially organised ‘students’ night’. was founded by Professor Leopold Müller in 1962. The Board of the Federation of International Geo- Throughout the year, we have been using the com- Engineering Societies (FedIGS), of which the ISRM is memorative logo (below) that won a competition open a member, also met in May, in Stockholm, where inter to young members. -Society co-operation was debated. The number of ISRM Commissions was enlarged to the current number of 15 by the formation and approval of a new Commission on Discontinuous Defor- mation Analysis, DDA. The products of the Commis- sions are valuable contributions to the rock mechanics community and, in November, the Board approved two new ISRM Suggested Methods prepared by the Commission on Testing Methods: “SM for rock fracture observations using a borehole digital optical televiewer” and “SM for measuring rock mass dis- To provide a lasting memory of the first 50-years of placement using a sliding micrometer”. the ISRM, a commemorative anniversary book—with Several decisions were taken by the Board during many contributions and edited by Prof. John A. Hud- 2012. Among them, the approval of two new National son and Dr Luis Lamas—and an historical exhibi- Groups: Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Albania. The tion—prepared with the support of Dr Nuno Gross- ISRM reached 50 National Groups and an all-time mann—were launched during the 2012 ISRM Interna- record of individual members, which is now over tional Symposium. The historical exhibition was dis- 6,750. played and the commemorative book was available for The policy of improving communication was contin- purchase at all the ISRM conferences of 2012 and also ued and the website was continuously updated with at the 46th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium. the materials. We published the 2011 issue of the The 2012 ISRM International Symposium was held ISRM News Journal in January, 2011, and four quar- in May, Stockholm, as Eurock2012. The Rocha Lec- terly Newsletters. The ISRM Digital Library is con- ture was given by Dr Maria Teresa Zandarin Iragorre, stantly being updated and we now have the proceed- from Argentina, and the 1st ISRM Lecture was deliv- ings of 25 past conferences available for download. ered by Dr José Muralha, from Portugal. Two ISRM Sadly, we received the news that our Past President Regional Symposia took place: the II South American Prof. John Franklin passed away in July. Those who Symposium on Rock Excavations in August, in Costa attended the ISRM Congress in Beijing, where John Rica and the Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium, received his Fellowship of the ISRM, can confirm his ARMS7, in October, in Korea. perseverance and dedication to our Society to the limit There have been many discussions about initiatives of his capacities. One of the last decisions of the Board to establish the ISRM Book Series, Foundation for in 2012 was to honour John Franklin by renaming the Education, Dictionary, online lecturing, International ISRM Lecture as the ‘ISRM Franklin Lecture’. We Platform on Underground Nuclear Power Plants, etc. were also saddened by the loss of Dr. Francois Heuze The ISRM Young Members’ Presidential Group, who had contributed much to rock mechanics and had YMPG, was established, comprising of a young mem- served on the ISRM Board. ber nominated and supported by each National Group for a four-year term. A number of excellent suggestions for tasks were developed and the team presented

The ISRM Young Members’ Presidential Group

David Beck ([email protected]) OCTOBER 2012 REPORT ON  Education initiatives, such as webinars on rock mechanics issues, and adver- ACTIVITIES OF THE ISRM tising for scholarly positions and YOUNG MEMBERS’ courses on the ISRM website. PRESIDENTIAL GROUP  A number of ways younger members The YMPG is a special ISRM group, comprising can be assisted and encouraged to young members nominated and supported by each Na- contribute to the ISRM publications, tional Group for a 4-year term, formed for the follow- including the newsletter. ing purposes.  Means of facilitating younger mem-  To provide a liaison between young bers participation in ISRM commis- members and the ISRM board, in sions. order to ensure the perspectives of the Young Members are properly  Close collaboration with the Regional appreciated. Vice Presidents.

 To enhance development of future These suggestions are now being developed into leaders for the ISRM, by encouraging proposals, and will be presented to the ISRM Board participation in the organisation, tasks shortly for consideration. and leadership of the ISRM. In the meantime, if any YMPG members, or interested ISRM members, would like more information on the work of the YMPG, or would like to suggest  From time to time to address in a prac- YMPG tasks, please contact tical manner the special needs of young members that might not otherwise be addressed by the larger role of the ISRM.

 To foster relationships between young future leaders across National Groups.

The objective of each YMPG cohort is to ensure these essential tasks are met. In August, a draft road map for the current ISRM Young Members’ Presidential Group was circulated, and, in September, three regional meetings were held online to discuss tasks and goals for the group. These meetings were facilitated by Drs Ricardo Resende, Olivier Buzzi and Kazim Zaki of the YMPG, and Dr David Beck at Beck representing the ISRM 2011–2015 Board. [email protected] A number of excellent suggestions for tasks for this term were developed and the organisational team presented these to the President in November for an initial discussion. The possible initiatives include projects covering the following.

ISRM Secretary-General’s Report for 2012 (Oct 2011–May 2012)

Luis Lamas, Portugal, ISRM Secretary-General ([email protected])

1. National Groups and Membership National Groups

The current number of ISRM National Groups is 49. The table below presents the situation regarding ISRM membership per ISRM region, in May 2012. The present numbers of individual members (ordinary and corresponding) and of corporate members are:

Ind. Members Corp. Members

Africa 416 3 Asia 1,780 59 The distribution of individual and corporate mem- Australasia 419 2 bers in each geographic region is shown below. Europe 3,136 72 N America 750 2 Individual Members S America 282 2 TOTAL: 6,783 140

When compared with the figures presented at the previous Council meeting, in October 2011, this corre- sponds to an increase of 269 individual members (4.1%). Major changes observed are the increase in the number of individual members from China, from 554 to 720 and the 15 new corporate members from Nor- way. The total number of corporate members increased from 123 to 140. The graphics following present the evolution of the number of ISRM members and National Groups since 1996. Individual Members

Corporate members

Corporate Members

The following graphic shows the evolution of the number of individual members in each geographic region since 2003. Individual Members per Region

Energy, 15–17 October, Sapporo, Japan. 2. Payment of fees ISRM Regional Symposium—EUROCK 2015: The The situation of the National Groups as regards pay- 64th Geomechanics Colloquy, 7–9 October 2015, ments of fees is as follows: Salzburg, Austria.

Unpaid 2011 fees: Iran, Slovakia, Slovenia and 4. Rocha Medal South East Asia. During the EUROCK 2012 Symposium, the Rocha Paid 2012 fees (until 18 May): Australia, Austria, Medal Award Committee selected as the winner of the Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chile, China, 32nd prize (Rocha Medal 2013) the thesis submitted by Colombia, Croatia, Finland, Germany, India, Israel, Dr Matthew E. Pierce, from Canada. Two runner-up Korea, ME Asia, Nepal, New Zealand, Norway, (Proxime Accessit) certificates were also awarded to Russia, Switzerland, Turkey and UK. Dr He Lei from China and Dr Andrea Perino from Italy, The awards will be conferred in September 2013 3. ISRM sponsored meetings during the ISRM International Symposium in Since the last ISRM Council meeting in Beijing, in Wroclaw, Poland, where Dr Pierce will deliver the October 2011, the following ISRM sponsored confer- Rocha Lecture. ences were approved: During the 2013 International Symposium, the ISRM Specialised Conference—SINOROCK 2013: Rocha Medal Award Committee will select and Rock Characterisation, Modelling and Engineering announce the winner and runners-up of the Rocha Design Methods, 18–20 June 2013, Shanghai, China. Medal 2014. The award will be conferred during the th ISRM Regional Symposium—ARMS 8: 8 Asian 2014 ISRM International Symposium in Sapporo, Rock Mechanics Symposium: Rock Mechanics for Japan. Global Issues—Natural Disasters, Environment and Submission of applications for the Rocha Medal 2014 is open until 31 December 2012.

Report of the ISRM Secretary-General for 2012 (cont.)

5. ISRM News Journal 8. ISRM Website After last year’s Board decision, the ISRM News Jour- The website of the ISRM (http://isrm.net), launched on nal is no longer mailed to all members in hard copy 1 April 2005, is the main means of information about form. Instead, the electronic version is included on the the ISRM and is the main channel for communication ISRM website, where it can be downloaded, and the with members. Most benefits being offered to the Secretariat sent an info-mail to all members, advertis- members are available in a password protected mem- ing it. However, 400 hard copies were still printed, for bers’ area. Statistics about the daily number of visits select distribution. The previous issue of the News and of the amount of downloads since the website Journal (Vol. 14, December 2011), edited by Prof. started are summarised in the graphics below. John A. Hudson and Prof. Xia-Ting Feng, has 80 pag- 500 es and contains the annual review of the Society’s ac- Daily Averages tivity during 2011, as well as technical articles, including a summary of the 6th Müller Lecture. 400

6. ISRM Newsletter 300 Since the previous Council meeting, two issues of the electronic Newsletter, prepared by the Secretary Gen- 200 eral, were published: one in 2011 (December); and one visits of Number in 2012 (March). As usual, all members and all those 100 that subscribed to the Newsletter on the website received them by email. The Newsletters are also 0 available at no charge on the website. ISRM National 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Groups and individual members are welcome to submit contributions to the Secretariat on Rock Me- 400 Daily Averages chanics topics of interest to our technical community.

300 7. ISRM 50th Anniversary Commemorative Book and Historical Exhibition th A book to commemorate the 50 anniversary of the 200 ISRM was launched in May, in Stockholm, during the EUROCK2012 Symposium. The book Editors are the 100 immediate Past President Prof. John A. Hudson and (Mbytes)Downloads the Secretary-General. It includes contributions from all living Past Presidents, Secretaries-General, and 0 others, who authored 12 Chapters about different as- 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 pects of the history of the ISRM, as well as the ISRM today and the future perspectives. The appendices include historical data and photographs. The book was 9. Membership Management System sponsored by the ISRM and by the Institute for Rock With the aim of improving management of the and Soil Mechanics (IRSM) of the Chinese Academy information regarding ISRM members, there is now a of Sciences. new membership management system. The same data- th Together with the 50 Anniversary Book, an Histor- base of members, which has only information supplied ical Exhibition of the Society, comprising six panels, by the National Groups, has been used by the Secretar- was prepared by Dr Nuno Grossmann and the ISRM iat since the beginning of 2012 for communication Secretary-General. This exhibition was also inaugurat- with the members and also for management website ed during the Society’s Council Meeting in Stockholm and digital library access. This was one of the main and was on display in the main hall. Some books and tasks undertaken by the Secretariat during this period, the pdf files of the historical posters can be sent on and is a major development for management of the request to the ISRM National Groups organising spon- ISRM membership. New functionalities were imple- sored conferences, as required. mented, such as a direct link between this database and the database of the virtual library, and the possibility of each member generating their own membership certificate.

10. Digital Library instrumental to the well-being of the Society and is The ISRM Digital Library started in October 2010; its very much appreciated. main objective consists in making available to the The Secretariat also thanks the Portuguese Founda- Rock Mechanics community worldwide the materials tion for Science and Technology, FCT, for its courtesy published in the ISRM Congresses and sponsored in providing a grant to the Society. Symposia, and in this way giving them a greater visi- bility. The ISRM Digital Library is part of the OnePet- 13. Final remarks ro.org website, a large online library managed by the The life of the Society and the activity of the Secretar- Society of Petroleum Engineers. ISRM individual iat during the period corresponding to this report were members are allowed to download, at no cost, up to marked by: 100 papers per year from the ISRM conferences.  continuation of the increase in the number of mem- ISRM corporate members can download 250 papers. bers of the Society; To register on the OnePetro website  distribution of the News Journal to the members in (www.onepetro.org) as an ISRM member, the only electronic form only; necessary information is the username and the pass-  implementation of a the membership management word used to access the members’ area of the ISRM system; website. Non-members can purchase the ISRM papers  publication of the 50th ISRM anniversary commem- online. A presentation on how to register and down- orative book and of the historical exhibition. load papers has been prepared and is now available on the website. Papers from the ISRM Congresses and sponsored Symposia have been gradually introduced into the website Library. Currently, the papers from 22 ISRM sponsored events are available, totalling over 25,000 pages. Several other ISRM sponsored conferences, for Luís M. N. Lamas which the ISRM has the copyright or the right for dis- Secretary General, ISRM tribution, are also ready for inclusion in the database and will also be online soon. The ISRM is still dealing Lisbon, May 2012 with copyright issues regarding a few sponsored conferences.

11. Educational and promotional items As in previous years, the ISRM educational material has been in demand, and most of it is nowadays available from the ISRM website, for free download by the ISRM members. The “Blue Book” The Complete ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring: 1974–2006, continued to represent, by far, the main item supplied during this period.

12. Support afforded As usual, the Secretariat made ample use, at no charge, of a number of facilities available at the Portu- guese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC). This included use of office rooms and of other facilities offered to the Secretariat, support in secre- tarial and book keeping work, telephone and fax, as well as use of LNEC’s computer network, namely for internet access and e-mails. This support has long been

Fond Remembrance of Dr John Alan Franklin, 1940–2012,

Nick Barton, Maurice Dusseault, John A Hudson

It was with profound sadness that the ISRM lost Dr John A. Franklin in 2012. Over many years, John devoted much of his energy and time to the ISRM, both as President of the ISRM Commission on Testing Methods and as President of the ISRM itself from 1987–1991. He will be sorely missed as a friend, colleague, teacher, innovator and practical rock engineer.

To pay homage to John Frankin’s manifold contributions to the ISRM, in November 2012 the ISRM Board renamed the annual ISRM lecture as the ’ISRM Franklin Lecture’ —as from 2013.

his innovative ideas, his almost elfin wit. A champion Nick Barton writes Bridge player? John collected many Master Points “John was a wonderful enthusiast for life and for rock during a lengthy period of playing Bridge; he was a mechanics—and I have fond and very vivid memories gentleman player and a competitive opponent. In life, of him from the four years I could share with the Rock he also always played to win, but never at the expense Mechanics group at Imperial College’s Royal School of others. Many of us have charming anecdotes about of Mines, from 1966. First, I recall his pipe-smoking him that we treasure. (but mostly unlit) demonstrations of the ‘Hoek- A project particularly close to his heart was his fabu- Franklin cell’—with those clever rubber triaxial lous home nestled in the woods of the Hockley Valley, sleeves—and the Franklin point load tester; we had to about 40 minutes north of the Toronto Airport. My become proficient too to earn some welcome Ph.D. wife Betty loves the house with its huge white walls, student-demonstration ‘salary’. John was a sports car strange angles, and waterfalls of light tumbling enthusiast, and I remember him good-heartedly ac- through the tall windows to illuminate a unique fire- cepting (with that characteristic laugh) our (Cundall place. His house reflected his personality: optimistic, and Barton) joking with him having to send suitcases creative, forward-looking, innovative, unique. on ahead, to an Italian holiday, as his Lotus hardly had He was an important figure in the International Soci- room even for a loving couple. ety for Rock Mechanics, serving as its President for a Later in my stay in London, some of us had been out four-year term (1987–91), as well as a premier con- for a meal in the West End, and John and I by sulting engineer involved in fascinating projects such chance had the same need to get some protection from as the foundations of the CN Tower in Toronto (the the London autumn cold. So we two ended up as highest tower in the World for several decades), the ‘twins’ with identical grey coats from Marks & Spen- Sudbury Science North Centre (seated across a major cers. But from a Workshop in Madeira I have a sad fault), the 2100 m deep Neutrino Observatory memory—of incompetence on my part. Both hands (SNOLAB) in Sudbury, a rock breakwater at the end mistakenly full with wine glass and sandwich talking of the world (Tierra del Fuego) and many other rock to John—who suddenly collapsed in front of me be- engineering projects. In the international rock me- fore I could help. At that time, ten years ago, his dear chanics world, he is known for various reasons, in- wife just helped him get his legs straight, so it was a cluding design engineering, testing methods, monitor- huge stride to see him dancing in Beijing 10 years lat- ing, rock fragmentation analysis, joint fabric analysis er [see facing page] where we all felt he was making a through imagery, and so on. John profoundly under- come-back. He will be missed by a large number of stood the intersection between geosciences and rock our rock mechanics community.” engineering, an attitude that pervaded his professional career. He had a strong focus on education in the Maurice Dusseault writes ISRM and in his work at university. “John was a former member of the Department of The single-minded dedication that John brought to Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering in the broadest Waterloo in Canada, and a primal force in the world of sense reminds us that the world is built largely on the rock mechanics and rock engineering. Facts are a dry ideals and ideas of a few visionaries who lead us for- testament to his fascinating life. Better to remember ward. He was such a visionary, and remained intellec- his irrepressible optimism and deep engineering skills, tually active long after his physical disability restricted

President of the ISRM 1987–1991

his movements and travel scope. Last year, he trav- Photographs from the 2011 ISRM elled for the last time to the International Society for Rock Mechanics quadrennial Congress in Beijing. He Congress held in Beijing, China was saying goodbye, though he would never have ad- mitted it. At the Beijing Congress, John was awarded ISRM If our International Society for Rock Mechanics has Fellowship. All his friends and colleagues were so become an important professional organisation, it is in pleased that he was able to attend the Congress, thanks part because of John Franklin. We who are fortunate to the arrangements made by his wife, Kersty, and to to have known him personally remain delightfully see him receive the ISRM Fellowship. aware of his irrepressible elfish humor and enthusi- asm, his profound skill at Bridge, and his eclectic and wide-ranging knowledge of just about everything (a genuine Trivial Pursuit champion). John left after an unusually long and determined fight against Parkinson’s, which eventually defeated his physical body—but never his spirit. Kersty, his wife, helped John as much as possible through the last decade; she sadly announced that he left us, and asked that any donations be made in his name to the following palliative care organisation that took care of him for the last few weeks. www.bethellhospice.org At Waterloo, we will dedicate a large rock (several tonnes) in our Rock Garden to him (http:// uwaterloo.ca/peter-russell-rock-garden/rock-garden). Please join me in extending our appreciation for his life and contributions, as well as our condolences for John receives Fellowship of the ISRM her loss, to his wife, Kersty, in Orangeville, Ontario, (l to r) John A Hudson, John A Franklin, as well as to his friends and professional associates.” Kersty Franklin

John (third from the right) enjoys the company of his rock mechanics colleagues at the ISRM Beijing Congress in 2011

You can learn more facts about John’s life from the ISRM website: http://www.isrm.net/gca/index.php?id=587

Memories of Dr Francois Heuze

Dick Goodman and Peter Smeallie It was with great sorrow that we learned Francois Heuze‚ a resident of Carlsbad, California, USA, died at his home after a long untreatable illness. He grad- uated from UC Berkeley with a PhD in civil engineering and became a leader of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s geotechnical programmes. He is survived by his wife, Michele, his daughter Brigitte Alexander, his son Chris McMullen, his four grandchildren, and his younger brother Louis.

Francois had a wide variety of rock mechanics inter- of mining procedures in three dimensional caverns in ests and had been responsible for numerous projects in discontinuous rock. I kept Francois on at the university the areas of mine design, tunnel vulnerability, slope as a post doc for a while to help manage research pro- stability, rock and joint testing, rock fracture mechan- jects, which eventually included a sizeable faculty ics, underground nuclear waste storage, explosion ef- group under the leadership of Prof. Jim Mitchell, who fects, cratering, projectile penetration, hydrofracturing, was studying presumed or simulated lunar soil proper- mine seismicity, drilling, soil dynamics, and earth- ties. quake effects. Francois joined me in external consulting work on He has served on the Board of ARMA and as its several occasions, including joint overcoring measure- President during 2002–2005, as well as Vice-President ments of that ghost the in situ state of stress in the North America of the International Society for Rock abutment of Ruedi Dam, Colorado, in support of the Mechanics, 2003–2007. He had also served on the excavation contractor’s claims. This involved drilling National Research Council of the U.S. Academy of overcores in the cold of a Colorado winter on a moun- Sciences (Geotechnical Board and Board on Energy tain slope while the spray of leaking drill water during and Environmental Sciences from 1988 to 1997. He the process delivered artificial snow fall on us and our was also the Co-Chair of the 23rd U.S. Symposium on note-books. On another job, we produced a compre- Rock Mechanics. He received the Applied Rock hensive stereographic projection analysis of potential Mechanics Award and Case History Awards from rock wedges in the spillway excavation for the ill- ARMA and from the U.S. National Committee for fated Auburn arch dam project. Subsequently he Rock Mechanics. He had taught numerous short joined the faculty of the University of Colorado, Boul- courses on Rock Mechanics and Geoengineering since der finally settling down at Lawrence Livermore Na- 1974. He had over 170 publications and was a Fellow tional Laboratory. His work there, among other sub- of the American Society of Civil Engineers. jects, produced rock mechanics studies associated with Also, since 1970, he had provided expertise to over underground nuclear testing (including another mine- 20 U.S. and overseas companies on field testing, by experiment). While at Livermore, Francois contin- numerical modeling, laboratory testing, and perfor- ued to teach courses at U.C. Davis. He continued to mance assessment in rock mechanics and rock engi- consult on various projects including an analysis of neering. seismic hazards to the buildings of the University of California campus in Berkeley. Dick Goodman writes Francois became a co-worker and a close friend. Francois Heuze was one of my earliest graduate stu- Michelle and Francois Heuze were wed at a ceremony dents at Berkeley. Francois’ doctoral research was an in my garden. We interacted as organisers of confer- early application of applied rock mechanics for opti- ences and seminars, and co-taught courses held at vari- mising mining design. Our field laboratory was River- ous universities and at ARMA Conference hotels. side Cement Company’s large underground mine in As his illness became apparent, Francois responded marble. The research included instrumentation of one in his accustomed manner with stubborn energy and of the first mine-by experiments of which I am aware. determination, never consciously yielding. He was a It invoked very early trials of the finite element analy- tough, courageous fighter for all his life and we are sis, coupled to strain measurements, for optimisation much in his debt.

ISRM Membership: Joining, Benefits, Fees and Organisation

How to become an ISRM Member discounted price, and Membership of the Society consists of Individual  Personal subscription to Rock Mechanics and Members within the approved National Groups, Corre- Rock Engineering at a discounted price. sponding Members & Corporate Members: The current benefits for Corporate Members are For Individual Membership apply for member-  Listed in the ISRM website, with a link to the ship of the ISRM through your National Group, this Company’s website  Listed in the ISRM News Journal being the recommended type of membership for the  Access to the ISRM website Members’ area development of the Society. However, because some  ISRM Newsletters countries do not have a National Group, or due to the  Copy of the ISRM News Journal preference shown by a candidate for membership di-  One registration at an advantageous rate as an rectly to the Society through its Secretariat, the catego- ISRM member at the ISRM Congress and ry of Corresponding Member was created. The International and Regional Symposia. amount of the annual membership fee to be paid, de-  Free download of up to 250 papers/year from the pending on the existence of an approved National ISRM digital library at OnePetro.org Group in the respective country is as stated in the Membership Table of Fees. Annual Fees For Corporate Membership (Companies or Or- 1. National Groups ganisations) apply directly to the Secretariat or National Groups shall pay to the Society a basic fee, through your National Group. this amount depending on the number of Members, plus a fixed amount for each Individual and Corporate For a national organisation to be recognised as an Member, according to the following scale (in Euros, ISRM National Group, it is necessary to formally €). apply to the President through the Secretary-General National Group Fee: for recognition according to the ISRM statutes. This with 10 individual members or less: €33.00; should be an organisation, such as a Society or a Com- with more than 10 and less than 40 individual mittee that represents Rock Mechanics in that country, members: €3 x no. of members + € 3; either solely concerned with Rock Mechanics, or as with 40+ individual members: €120.00. part of a broader field of scientific or engineering Individual Member Fee: €8.00 interest. Each country should have no more than one Corporate Member Fee: €160.00 National Group.

Benefits for ISRM Members 2. Corresponding Members Corresponding Members shall pay to the Society an The current benefits for ISRM members (Individual annual fee. In order to encourage membership of indi- and Corresponding Members) are: viduals through the ISRM National Groups, this  Copy of the ISRM News Journal (now being sent annual fee is different for Corresponding Members electronically), from countries with or without a National Group:  ISRM Newsletters,  Members’ area access in the ISRM website Fee for Corresponding Members from countries (download of Suggested Methods & Reports), without a National Group: €20;  Participation in Discussion Forums, etc., Fee for Corresponding Members from countries  Ability to download up to 100 papers per year with a National Group: €20 in the first year; €40 in the from the OnePetro website which contains all the subsequent years. papers from previous ISRM sponsored symposia,  Right to participate in the ISRM Commissions Organisation of ISRM-sponsored and FedIGS Joint Technical Commissions  Registration at an advantageous rate at the ISRM meetings Congress and International and Regional ISRM The Society sponsors a co-ordinated programme of Symposia, National, Regional and International Symposia, and  Personal subscription to the International Journal Specialised Conferences. of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences at a

ISRM Symposia and ISRM Events

National Groups seeking to host a Regional or Interna- Organisation of a Society Congress tional Symposium shall submit a written proposal to Every four years, the Society holds a Congress on the Secretariat, at least one and preferably two to three themes of general interest to the majority of the years before the date of that Symposium. The ISRM membership. The responsibility for organising a International Symposium differs from ISRM Regional Congress shall belong to the National Group of the Symposia in that it is the selected venue for the annual country in which the Congress is to be held. National meetings of the ISRM Council, Board, and Commis- Groups wishing to host a Congress of the Society shall sions of the Society. submit a written proposal at the annual meeting of the National Groups seeking to host a Specialised Con- Council six years before the Congress. Contact the ference sponsored by the ISRM shall submit a written ISRM Secretariat for further details: proposal to the Secretariat, if possible one year before [email protected] the date of that Conference, for approval by the Board. ISRM Specialised Conferences are events that may not ISRM Coming Events (from May 2012) have the format of a Symposium, are usually of a  27–30 May 2012, Stockholm, Sweden – EU- smaller nature and are focused on a specialised theme. ROCK2012 – Rock Engineering and Technology: ISRM sponsorship shall be determined by such an ISRM Regional Symposium. considerations as technical content, timing in relation  8–10 August 2012, San José, Costa Rica – II to other meetings, cost and benefits to delegates and South American Symposium of Rock Excavations the organiser’s experience in running similar meetings. (II SSAER): an ISRM Regional Symposium. To apply for a Regional or International Symposi-  15–19 October 2012, Seoul, Korea – 7th Asian um or for a Specialised Conference, fill in the appro- Rock Mechanics Symposium: an ISRM Regional priate application form available at: Symposium. http://www.isrm.net/gca/index.php?id=195  20–22 May 2013, Brisbane, Australia – Effective All publicity materials and the proceedings them- and Sustainable Hydraulic Fracturing: an ISRM selves are to make reference to ISRM sponsorship, by Specialised Conference. use of the name and logo of ISRM.  18–20 June 2013, Shanghai, China – SINOROCK2013: Rock Characterisation, Mod- elling and Engineering Design Methods: an ISRM Specialised Conference. th  20–22 August 2013, Sendai, Japan – 6 Interna- tional Symposium on In Situ Rock Stress: an ISRM Specialised Conference.  21–26 September 2013, Wroclaw, Poland – EU- ROCK2013 – Rock Mechanics for Resources, Energy and Environ- ment: an ISRM International Sym- posium.  26–28 May 2014, Vigo, Spain – EUROCK2014 – Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics: Structures on and in Rock Masses: an ISRM Re- gional Symposium.  15–17 October 2014, Sapporo, Japan – 8th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium ARMS8: an ISRM Re- gional Symposium.  29 May–6 June 2015, Montreal, Canada – Innovations in Applied and Theoretical Rock Mechanics: the 13th ISRM Congress.  7–9 October 2015, Salzburg, Head Table at the ISRM Council Meeting in Stockholm, Austria – EUROCK2015, the 64th held immediately prior to the EUROCK2012 Symposium Geomechanics Colloquy – an ISRM Regional Symposium.

The ISRM ‘Orange Book’

Resat Ulusay, Turkey ([email protected])

 ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Stress Estimation – Part 5: Establishing a Model for the In Situ Stress at a Given Site  ISRM Suggested Method for the Determination of Mode II Fracture Toughness  ISRM Suggested Methods for Failure Criteria  Upgraded ISRM Suggested Method for Determin- ing Shear Strength of Rock Joints, both in the Field and Laboratory, and Shear Testing Including Stiffness Controlled Tests and Possible Determi- nation of Normal and Shear Stiffness  ISRM Suggested Methods for Creep Tests  ISRM Suggested Methods for Displacement Measurements Using a Global Positioning System The ISRM ‘Blue Book’ & the ISRM ‘Orange Book’  Upgraded ISRM Suggested Method for the Sonic Velocity Test Readers will be familiar with the ISRM ‘Blue Book’  ISRM Suggested Methods for Thermal Properties of Rocks which contains all the ISRM Suggested Methods  ISRM Suggested Methods for In Situ Borehole (SMs) generated by the Testing Methods Commission Measurements in a Rock Mass during the period 1974–2006. (Copies can be obtained  ISRM Suggested Method for the Abrasivity Test at a reasonable price from the ISRM Secretariat.)  Upgraded ISRM Suggested Methods for the A follow-on book, the ISRM ‘Orange Book’, is Quantitative Description of Discontinuities in currently being prepared which will contain all the Rock Masses recent SMs generated in the period 2007–2012.  ISRM Suggested Method for In Situ Hydrome- In addition to these SMs, the book will contain chanical Testing of Fractured Rock Masses with articles relating to rock characterisation. the High Pulse Poroelasticity Protocol (HPPP)  ISRM Suggested Method for Measuring Static Due out in 2013: the ISRM ‘Orange Book’ Fracture Toughness of Rock Using the Semi- Circular Bend (SCB) Specimen. ISRM Suggested Methods Volume 2: 2007–2012 Supplementary Documents  Geo-engineering Data  3-D Terrestrial Laser Scanning Techniques for The ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Rock Mechanics Applications Characterisation, Testing and Monitoring:  Pocket Cards to Aid Description of Carbonate 2007–2012 with Additional Articles Rocks as Core or at Outcrops on Rock Characterisation  Rock Properties and their Role in Rock Characterisation, Modelling and Design The expected contents of the ’Orange Book’ are given  What is an ISRM Suggested Method and what is below. the Purpose of ISRM Suggested Methods? Guide- line for Developing and Submitting ISRM Sug-  Preface (by Profs Hudson and Feng) gested Methods, Procedure for Application, De-  Introduction (by the Editor, Prof R. Ulusay) veloping and Approval of New ISRM Suggested Methods and How ISRM Suggested Methods New and Upgraded Suggested Methods should be Referenced.  ISRM Suggested Method for Determination of the Schmidt Hammer Rebound Hardness: Revised Note that these contents are subject to Version change, depending on successful  ISRM Suggested Methods for Determining the receipt of the individual items Dynamic Strength Parameters and Mode-I Frac- before going to press. ture Toughness of Rock Materials

The 3rd ISRM Technical and Cultural Field Trip—to N. Sweden

John A. Hudson, UK ([email protected])

The 1st ISRM Field Trip was held in Italy in 2009 and the 2nd was held in Switzerland in 2010. There was no Field Trip during the 2011 Congress year.

This year, 2012, the 3rd ISRM Field Trip was held in Swedish Lapland north of the Arctic Circle on 24–25 May, just prior to the EUROCK2012 Symposium held in Stockholm.

The Swedish Field Trip leaders: l to r There were 24 participants including the Field Trip Ove Stephansson and Per Tengborg organisers Ove Stephansson and Per Tengborg. The participants came from the following countries: China, Colombia, Germany, Italy, Korea, Russia, Sweden, UK and the USA. An innovative feature of this Field Trip was that a plane had been specially chartered for the journeys from Stockholm to Gällivare, on to Kiruna, and then back to Stockholm. The plane was a British Aerospace Advanced Turbo Prop (ATP) capable of carrying up to 68 passengers—so we had plenty of room. (A total of

64 ATPs were built between 1986 and 1995/96.)

Participants in the 3rd ISRM Field Trip boarding the specially chartered British Aerospace ATP plane

On board the chartered plane Kiruna Church

On the first day, Thursday 24 May, we departed zon for all 24 hours during the summer. from Stockholm’s Arlanda Airport at 07.00 to Gälliva- Then in the evening the group was invited by Jan- re. We visited the spectacular Open Pit Boliden Aitik Ivan Johansson of LKAB to a magnificent dinner at mine and were introduced to the many aspects of the the “Bolagshotellet” building where there are many mining operation, including the processing plant. We magnificent paintings by Swedish artists. also visited the LKAB Malmberget facility. On the second day, Friday 25 May, the group visited After flying to Kiruna, we visited the Kiruna the extensive LKAB underground Visitor Centre and Church, voted Sweden’s most beautiful building by had a complete briefing on the LKAB operation at the people of Sweden in 2001. Night-time was not Kiruna, including the relocation of much of the town dark in Swedish Lapland when we were there because before the advancing sub-level caving begins to cause north of the Arctic Circle the sun stays above the hori- significant subsidence in the present region of some of the town’s buildings. After lunch at the LKAB ‘Magnetite’ canteen, we visited the Estrange Space Centre where Mattias Abrahamsson gave us a comprehensive explanation of the Centre’s activities. We then visited the 400 year old Jukkasjärvi Church before flying back to Stockholm in our specially chartered British Aerospace Advanced Turbo Prop plane.

The whole trip had been superbly arranged and operated flawlessly. The ISRM is extremely grateful to Ove Stephansson and Per Tengborg for their expertise and time in making all the arrangements for this 3rd ISRM Field Trip and for acting as Field Trip Leaders during the two days ‘in the field’. Boliden Aitik Open Pit Mine in Swedish Lapland

Report on the ISRM EUROCK2012 Symposium held in Stockholm,

Per Tengborg and Eva Friedman, Sweden, and John A. Hudson, UK

The yearly ISRM Technical and Cultural Field Trip with two keynote lectures: Johan Andersson, SKB, on took place 24–25 May, before the actual Symposium the topic “Interface between Geoscience, Safety and started. With Ove Stephansson and Per Tengborg as Underground Design: Experiences from the Spent Nu- tour guide the 24 participants went to the mining dis- clear Fuel Repository Project in Sweden”; and Håkan tricts in northern Sweden, see the previous two pages. Stille, KTH, on “Rock Grouting in Tunnel Construc- Additionally, the ISRM Board, Council and Com- tion: Models and Design”. In the evening an “ISRM mission meetings (see pages 10–11 and 40–47), plus Young Members Presidential Group” meeting was two Workshops, took place on 26 and 27 May, imme- held. diately preceding the Symposium. The two technical The Symposium Gala Dinner took place in the Va- Workshops on Sunday 27 May (“Design Standard sa museum and 180 persons participated. After a wel- Practice” and “Rock Mechanics in Deep Underground come drink and greeting, a guided tour of the Vasa Excavations in Hard Rock”) were supported by many sailing ship from year 1628 took place. After a deli- participants; and these were followed by a Welcome cious dinner around the ship a big band jazz orchestra Reception in the evening. The Chairman of the ISRM entertained. National group of Sweden, Eva Hakami, gave a per- The technical sessions had been held on Monday to sonal welcome speech. Wednesday on ten different topics. Poster presenta- Monday morning, 28 May, started with the Open- tions took place on Tuesday and Wednesday in an area ing Ceremony at the Golden Hall. Per Tengborg, near the Exhibition which had been open from Mon- Chairman of the Organising Committee, opened the day to Wednesday in an area where the coffee was Symposium, followed by a welcome address from the served. An ISRM historical exhibition with six panels Swedish Minister of Infrastructure, Ms Catharina was displayed in the main lecture hall during the Sym- Elmsäter-Svärd. The ISRM President, Xia-Ting Feng, posium. gave an opening speech followed by Past-President At the closing ceremony on Wednesday 30 May, John A Hudson describing the ISRM 50th Anniversary Frederic Pellet as ISRM Vice President for Europe Commemorative Book, see page 31. handed over the “Eurock Award” for the best paper The Rocha medal was awarded to Dr Maria Teresa presented by a young researcher/engineer to Mashuqur Zandarin Iragorre from Argentina by the ISRM Presi- Rahman based at the Royal Institute of Technology dent. An introduction to the technical programme was (KTH), Stockholm. Thereafter, Frederic Pellet thanked made by two keynote lecturers: Robert Sturk, Skanska the organisers for a well organised and operated event. -Vinci, on Environmetal Issues in Civil Engineering Per Tengborg closed the event by thanking everybody Construction; and Roger Flanagan, University of involved. Reading, UK on Risk Management. Both lectures On Thursday 31 May four different technical tours were innovative, interesting, very well presented and took place in and outside Stockholm. appreciated. On Monday afternoon, a Panel Discussion was held on the incorporation of structural geology information into rock mechanics, see pages 26–29. In the morning of Tuesday 29 May, the ISRM Lec- . ture was presented by José Muralha from LNEC, Por- tugal on “Rock Joint Shear Tests, Methods, Results, and relevance for Design” and the ISRM President handed over the Award. The programme continued

Report on the ISRM EUROCK2012 Symposium held in Stockholm, Sweden, 28–30 May, 2012

John Harrison’s Workshop talk on EUROCODE7 Mark Diederich’s Workshop talk on hard rock

Per Tengborg and helpers at the The 2012 ISRM Rocha Medal Award winner, EUROCK2012 reception desk. Maria Teresa Zandarin Iragorre from Argentina

The EUROCK2012 Symposium was held in the delightful Elite Marina Tower Hotel on the waterfront in Stockholm, Sweden

EUROCK2012 Discussion on Structural Geology Information

John A. Hudson, UK ([email protected]) On the first day of the EUROCK2012 Presentation by John Cosgrove Symposium a Panel Discussion Consider the links between rock mechanics and structural geology: was held on the Incorporation of  the links exist because both groups of earth scien- Structural Geology Information tists use the same mechanical principles to resolve into Rock Mechanics Modelling problems;  but applied under different boundary conditions; and Rock Engineering Design  structural geologists look at rock deformation (the response of the rock mass to stress) under condi- The idea for the Panel Discussion was developed tions of high pressure, high temperature, long time following the presentation by John W. Cosgrove and intervals & slow strain rates; th John A. Hudson at the 12 ISRM Congress in Beijing  the rock engineer considers deformation under last October: “The structural geology contribution to conditions of low temperature, low pressure, over rock mechanics modelling and rock engineering de- relatively short time intervals (10s to 100s years) sign”. This stimulated animated audience discussion at and fast strain rates. that time, and it was recommended that dialogue should be continued at the EUROCK2012 meeting— to which the organisers kindly agreed. The Panel Dis- cussion was held from 15.15 to 17.30 on Monday 28 May 2012 in the Elite Marina Hotel in Stockholm, Sweden. The proceedings started with an introduction by John A. Hudson (the Moderator) on the motivation and purpose of the Panel Discussion, to be followed by presentations by the four experts (see photo on the opposite page) and then an open audience discussion.

Extensional and shear fracturing

The structural geologist is interested in determining  how the fracture network in a rock developed and  what it can tell us about the evolution of the regional stress regimes through geological time. i.e., how the rock mass deformed in the past. The rock engineer is interested in Sequence of fracturing in a Carboniferous  the impact of the fracture network within a rock stratum in South Wales, UK. mass on the likely future deformation history, i.e., how the fractured rock mass will respond to an imposed change in boundary conditions. John Hudson noted that, in rock mechanics and rock John Cosgrove discussed how fractures and fracture engineering, we deal with deformed and fractured sequences form—illustrated by Mohr’s circles and rock, and hence should understand and incorporate images of fractures—plus the effect of fractures on the geological understanding into our modelling and stress field. He also emphasised that the connectivity design exercises. For example, and as illustrated in the of the fractures in the hydrogeological context is criti- photograph above, for mechanical and hydrogeol- cal information, see the photograph to the left. ogical studies, it is crucial to understand the sequence of fracturing, as indicated by the white numbers. Thus, rock mechanics modelling and design techniques require structural geology information to be explicitly included in computer models.

From left to right: Carol Hudson (recording the discussion), Experts: Raymond Munier, Ove Stephansson, John W. Cosgrove, Nick Barton

Presentation by Ove Stephansson Ove’s recommendations were to Ove talked about his early work in theoretical and  look up and apply existing analytical relations for experimental studies in tectonics and rock mechanics the geometry of common geological structures; in the years before 1972 on analyses of strata folding  bring in field data of the geometry of structures and the stresses around openings in rock masses. He and relations between structures and host rocks went on to discuss the geology and rock mechanics and estimate the stiffness contrast; aspects of the Olkiluoto site in Finland, including the  establish a numerical model, estimate material stressConceptual field and the possible model link with theof fracture major and properties and apply relevant boundary conditions foliation orientation, plus aspects of the Forsmark site of far-field loadings and evaluate the results; and fracturein Sweden. zone according to SKB  analyse the resultant structures from models with different loadings and loading directions.

Presentation by Raymond Munier Raymond began by emphasising the current inade- quate interaction between geologists and engineers during project development, and that this is partly caused by ‘cultural differences’ between the subjects—additionally exacerbated by the long history of such differences. He recommended an holistic approach, rather than an atomistic approach. He then concentrated on the problems caused by inconsistent terminology, both within and between the two subjects. For example: discontinuity ≠ fault, discontinuity ≠ fracture, lineament ≠ fault, lineament ≠ fracture zone, fracture zone ≠ fault, shear zone ≠ fracture zone. In this context, he noted his experiences with the problem during his SKB work in Sweden. Raymond strongly recommended updating the terminology definitions. Conceptual model of a major fracture zone (SKB)

EUROCK2012 Discussion on Structural Geology (cont.)

His suggested actions are as follows:  Update ISRM’s terminology report;  Check ISRM’s Suggested Methods for any inconsistencies;  Update TNC: concatenate TNC86 and TNC73;  Keep it short! There are plenty of well functioning dictionaries and glossaries out there;  Inform your students of their existence;  Try and be consistent yourself...  Spread the message...  Collaborate with other Societies;  Attend others’ conferences; and  Be generous. The working material

Continuum vs. discontinuum modelling Philippe Vaskou’s comments sent by email  There are too few structural geologists working for or with rock mechanics engineers. ”Rock unit” ”Rock unit boundary”  target rock  unavoidable obstacle  There is a problem of communication, plus the • Construction material • Hydraulically active fact that structural geology is taught less in uni- • Reservoir • Mechanically weak versities and too often included into what is now • Barrier • A ”problem” called “engineering geology”.  Needs to be descibed and understood to variousTheextent depending workingon type of project material The Panel Discussion is an interesting contribution, as well as the specific session organised Raymond concluded his presentation with the during the next ARMS in Seoul (October 2012). following observations: structural geology today is not For the latter, we have now 11 presentations on like it was 20 years ago; the gap between structural structural geology. We should encourage presen- geology and rock mechanics is rapidly diminishing, tations on structural geology as applied to rock but only in a few places, unfortunately; the foundation mechanics. for a bridge between structural geology and rock  Another way to improve the situation could be to mechanics/rock engineering is built at school; the write an ISRM booklet, manual or recommenda- teachers are responsible for interdisciplinary cross- tion on structural geology for rock mechanics. It breeding; and perhaps this will not be a major problem would take some time but can be an efficient solu- in a few years time because we might happen to be in tion, consistent with the procedures of design the midst of a transitional phase just now. methodology where a structural study of the site is stated. Presentation by Nick Barton Nick’s theme was representing jointing/ Key Points made During the Audience– discontinuities/geological structure in UDEC-BB. Do Experts Discussion we prefer continuum modelling or discontinuum Following the presentations described above, there modelling? Represent the longest (and least rough) was an open discussion on both the general incorpora- joints in any UDEC model: the small blocks (with tion of structural geology information into rock me- higher JRC) will not shear, and anyway their lower chanics modelling and rock engineering design, and RQD will give a lower E modulus….so they are not the specific issues raised by the presentations. The ignored. following points were made. Nick showed examples of inappropriate and appropriate UDEC models, with several examples 1. The use of test data is important before modelling from the Stripa site and the ice hockey cavern in starts. Norway, and concluded with some 3DEC modelling 2. It is difficult to obtain the properties of different slides. fractures.

3. A new approach to joints was presented in Beijing date and enables geologists and engineers to have a (at the ISRM Congress). common understanding. 4. Rock mass geometry is the key to appropriate The question of enhanced communication between modelling. Geologists and engineers must talk to engineers and geologists should be addressed through each other. Engineers need to understand more university teaching, books which have a common geology. readership of engineers and geologists, and improved 5. A long-term memory of terms used by engineers communication between the two groups throughout a and geologists is required. project’s lifetime. 6. Geologists are starting to understand engineers’ needs, but engineers must explain what they need * * * * * and why; modern tools can help.

7. A consistent terminology is needed so the engi- The Moderator, John A. Hudson, thanked the neer ‘knows what to ask for’. presenters and the members of the audience for all 8. Geologists and engineers should publish in each their contributions. He noted that there had been a others’ journals. lively discussion with many important points and 9. There are more books on geology than rock me- recommendations made, and that the Panel Discussion chanics/rock engineering. We can use Fookes’ had been well worthwhile because it represented a engineering geology models for communicating useful contribution to the ISRM and to the the principles, of which the first thing should be EUROCK2012 activities. the fractures—which have been through much

more geological trauma than the engineering will impose. If any readers have comments 10. Engineering geology used to be purely descrip- on this subject, tive; now we need more mechanics to be incorpo- please send them to rated. 11. The process of project development includes [email protected] structural geology understanding, obtaining parameters, constructing a rock mechanics model, modelling (continuum or discontinuum), compar- ing reality and the model. 12. Numerical modelling guides us: that’s all. 13. It is difficult to obtain the parameters for a network of fractures. 14. For a particular project, we need enough structural geologists and rock mechanics engineers to understand the problem and to construct a good model. 15. This integration should occur early on so that there is an agreed terminology, but the management structure can interfere with this. 16. A future Workshop/Panel discussion should concentrate on incorporating hydrogeology with geology and rock mechanics. 17. There should be shared earth models with every- one’s data pooled to provide the starting point. 18. The GSML system enables a common data standard. The geological community should present information to a common standard.

Many of the discussion contributions were centred around the two subjects of terminology and communication between geologists and engineers. It was recommended that there should be a major upgrade of the relevant terminology so that it is up-to-

Culmination of the ISRM 50-Year Anniversary Celebrations

John A. Hudson, UK ([email protected]) At the 1962–2012 The 50-year anniversary of the ISRM was celebrated during 2011 and 2012—from the October 2011 ISRM Congress in Beijing to the October 2012 Geo- mechanics Colloquy in Salzburg

The 50-year anniversary logo above was designed by Ludger Suarez-Burgoa from Brazil

To provide a lasting memory of the first 50-years of the ISRM, a commemorative anniversary book has been prepared by John A. Hudson, (2007–2011 ISRM President) and Luis Lamas (ISRM Secretary-General). The book’s Table of Contents is shown to the right; the cover is at the top of the next page. Chapter III, written by Ted Brown, is an excellent and comprehensive survey of the technical rock mechanics achievements during the 1962–2012 period.

This soft back book is available for purchase, see the details on the next page. The A–E Appendices in the book, providing details of the ISRM personnel history are especially interesting for those who have taken part in ISRM’s development—in particular, the young faces of rock mechanics researchers, as taken at the 1st ISRM Congress held in 1962 in Lisbon, see opposite page.

The ISRM 50-Year Anniversary Commemorative Book

Copies of the ISRM 50-Year Anniversary Commemorative Book can be obtained for €30 for non-ISRM Members €30 for ISRM Members from the ISRM Secretariat

How many of these faces do you recognise? (Photographs from the 1st ISRM Congress, Lisbon, 1962) 8 of the 13 ISRM Presidents attended the Congress, i.e., more than half of them.

2012 Activity Report by ISRM Vice-President for Africa

Jacques Lucas, S. Africa ([email protected]) Introduction Membership in SANIRE has reached a new record This report summarises the ISRM activities in the Af- total in May 2012 and currently stands at 451 mem- rica region for the period of October 2011 to May bers from the 418 members reported on in October last 2012. Although a relatively short period has elapsed year in Beijing. This total is in all categories of mem- since the last VP report, the African region has never- bership. theless been very active with some significant rock engineering activities occurring during this period.

SANIRE activities All of the seven South African SANIRE branches had major end of the year activities with membership get- togethers arranged to involve all members and their families. These took the form of various golf days, bowling days and end of the year functions. The SANIRE Annual General Meeting (AGM) was held in Carletonville, in central South Africa, with general feedback to the members on all the SANIRE council activities. The feedback was mostly focussed on financial, membership, education and the commu- The number of African members has grown to nine nication portfolios, as well as annual SANIRE awards. from the seven geotechnical practitioners reported in The highlight of the SANIRE AGM is normally the October 2011. The four countries in which these awards for students and practitioners. This year members are located are Botswana, Ghana, Zambia included some Honorary Life Fellow achievement and Zimbabwe. awards to some of the most respected practitioners in the field of rock mechanics: Dave Arnold and Prof TR Stacey.

Dave Arnold

Regarding members in other countries outside of Africa, a total of 16 were reported. These are mainly based in Australia (11), Austria (1), Canada (2) and USA (1).

Prof T R Stacey

Other Activities in Africa The conference still attracted some 53 presenters over Currently, with the assistance of the Vice-President the three days with 163 professionals attending the Europe (Fredric Pellet) and the President of SANIRE seminars. (Les Gardner), we are investigating African countries for possible National Groups in Tunisia, Morocco, Tanzania and Congo. This will however, depend on the number of professionals operating from these countries.

SANIRE conferences and symposiums The traditional holding of annual, local, one-day symposia by one of the SANIRE branches, was maintained in 2011 and the Bushveld Branch hosted the “Back to Basics” symposium on the 27th of October in Rusten- burg, with over 140 members attending the presentations. The SHIRMS 2012 meeting was held at Sun City near Rustenburg from 14–17 of May. The Conference was not as well attended as originally hoped for, as unfortunately it coincided with many international conferences, e.g. Eurock2012 in Sweden and the Deep and High Stress Mining meeting in Perth, Australia.

Conclusion SANIRE in South Africa is still the flagship of the ISRM in Africa, but the work done shows that some strides were made to induce growth in the ISRM in Africa. Hopefully, this can continue and result in the reviving of some National Groups in Africa.

2012 Activity Report by ISRM Vice-President for Asia

Yingxin Zhou, Singapore ([email protected]) Report on Activities of the ISRM Asian Events being planned include: the 13th Japanese National Groups (Oct 2011–April 2012) Sym. on Rock Mechanics, Okinawa, Jan. 2013, in col- China laboration with the 6th Japan–Korea Joint Sym. on China had 720 ISRM members and 15 ISRM corpo- Rock Mechanics; the 6th Int’l Sym. on In Situ Rock rate members. The main activities included: the 12th Stress, an ISRM specialised Sym., at Sendai, 20–22 ISRM Congress in Beijing Oct. 2011 with more 1000 August, 2013; the 8th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposi- participants; the 2nd ISRM Int’l Young Scholars’ Sym. um, an ISRM regional Sym., Sapporo, 15–17, Octo- on Rock Mechanics Oct., 2011 in Beijing, with about ber, 2014. 250 participants & 17 countries; the Int’l Forum on Korea Progress and Challenges in Rock Mechanics, 24–25 The Korea NG has 50 ISRM members. KSRM pub- Oct., 2011, with more than 120 participants; The Int’l lishes an official bi-monthly journal named ‘Journal of Workshop on Radioactive Waste Disposal: Progress Korean Society for Rock Mechanics’ and a bi-monthly and Challenges, 16 Oct., 2011,with 75 participants and electronic newsletter, ‘U-Space’. in conjunction with the ISRM 2011 Congress, Beijing. On March 28, KSRM held a national conference in India Dong-A University in Busan with more than 120 par- The India NG has 304 members. Dr. Manoj Verman ticipants. The most notable event is the 7th Asian was elected Vice President at Large for the period Rock Mechanics Symposium to be held 15–19 Oct. 2011–15. 2012. ARMS 7 has received 222 abstracts from 30 Publications include “Underground Works” for countries. practising engineers, and the inaugural issue (Jan Middle East 2012) of a half-yearly Technical Journal “ISRM The Middle East has total of 9 members. No report of (India) Journal”. other activities. Events organised by the India NG include: Seminar Nepal on “Slope Stabilisation Challenges in Infrastructure Nepal NG has 6 members. Several attempts have been Projects”, Oct. 2011; Seminar on “Geotechnical made to re-activate the Nepal NG. The Nepal Tunnel- Challenges in Water Resources Projects”, Jan. 2012; ling Association organised a two-day Workshop on Int’l Seminar on “Survey and Investigations of Hydro- Sprayed Concrete in December 2011, where the at- electric Projects–Issues and Challenges”, March 2012. tempt was made to activate the Nepal NG. Singapore A conference on Rock Mechanics India 2013 – Pre- NG agreed to pay the 2012 fees for the Nepal NG. sent Technology and Future Challenges, Udaipur Singapore (Rajasthan), is being planned for 2013. Dr Yingxin Zhou was elected as Vice President for Indonesia Asia for the period 2011–2015. In October 2011, the Indonesian Rock Mechanics Singapore NG has 92 members consisting of 67 or- Society and Indonesian Mining Professional Associa- dinary and 25 student members. Events organized in- tion organised a Workshop on Geotechnical Risk clude: a 2-day training course on Introduction to Rock Management in Open Pit and Underground Mines, Mechanics and Tunnelling, October 2011; the 3rd with more than 40 participants. Workshop on Singapore Geology on 14 March 2012. Iran The main event for 2012 is the 13th World Conference No report. of the Associated Research Centres for the Urban Un- Israel derground Space, to be held in Singapore 7-9 Nov The Israel NG has been trying to increase its member- 2012. ship but did not submit any activity report. Southeast Asia Japan No report was submitted from Southeast Asia Japan NG has 370 individual members and 38 ISRM corporate members. The Japan NG had the following publications: News Journal (Nos. 99–102); Rock Net; Rock Me- chanics10 (CD-ROM) containing all publications on Rock Mechanics in Japan in 2010, the Int’l J. of JCRM, Vol. 7, No. 1. Events organised by Japan NG include: Special lectures in June, 2011 and Jan., 2012; and the 42nd Sym. on Rock Mechanics, JSCE (12–13 January, 2012).

2012 Activity Report by ISRM Vice-President for Australasia

David Beck, Australia ([email protected]) ISRM AUSTRALASIA REPORT Other applicants will be welcome to prepare a poster TO MAY 2012 for display on the night.

This report describes ISRM-related activities in Aus- 9YGPC – 9th ANZ Young Geotechnical Profes- tralia and New Zealand for the period to May 2012. sionals Conference Both the Australian Geomechanics Society (AGS) and ISRM MEMBERSHIP IN AUSTRALASIA the New Zealand Geotechnical Society Inc. (NZGS) have identified, as one of the key changes that the Australia 242 geotechnical profession is experiencing, the growing Corresponding Members 19 number of young practitioners in the field. New Zealand 105 This conference is a joint initiative of the NZGS and AGS and aims to: 366 Total  promote the professional development of delegates through sharing experience and ideas, and by presenting a paper to senior professionals and ACTIVITIES OF THE LOCAL GROUPS peers;  expand and strengthen the lines of communica- The International Conference for Effective tions between young professionals within the field and Sustainable Hydraulic Fracturing of geomechanics; The website of the International Conference for Effec-  promote an enhanced perspective of the varied tive and Sustainable Hydraulic Fracturing, (HF2013) roles, responsibilities and opportunities encom- is now working. This is an ISRM-sponsored special- passed by the geotechnical profession. ised conference that will take place in Brisbane, th Queensland, Australia, 20–22 May 2013. 19 Symposium of the New Zealand Geotechnical Society AGS/EAGCG/ISRM Collaboration  The 19th Symposium of the New Zealand On 2 February 2012, the ISRM hosted a Lecture in Geotechnical Society will be held in November collaboration with the EAGCG (the principal organis- 2013, and is themed ‘Lifelines, infrastructure and er), and AGS by Dr Nick Barton. The lecture was national disasters’. titled “The Q System Workshop with Nick Barton”. The symposium has been dedicated to the role of ge- The purpose of the collaboration was to introduce otechnical engineering in mitigating the effects of dis- the members of the different groups and it was very asters, especially considering the 2010–2012 Christ- successful, being fully subscribed. church earthquakes and the 2010–2011 flooding in Similar events will be held in the future to encourage Brisbane. Please go to symposium website for more on-going collaboration. details: (http://www.nzgs13.co.nz/).

ANZ 2012 The Australian Geomechanics Society and the New Zealand Geotechnical Society will be holding the 11th Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics (ANZ 2012) from 16–18 July. ANZ 2012 is the regional conference of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering and is held approximately every four years. For 2012, the conference theme is “Ground Engi- neering in a Changing World”.

AGS Young Professionals Night The Sydney Chapter of AGS is calling for presenters for the Young Geotechnical Professionals’ Night in August. Four participants (from industry and universi- Christchurch town centre, one year ties) will be chosen to give a 15 minute presentation. after the earthquake

2012 Report V-P for Europe 2012 Report V-P for N. America

Frederic L. Pellet, France John Tinucci, USA ([email protected]) ([email protected]) Growth of the ISRM Growth The main highlight of this period is the accession of ARMA currently has 478 members who belong to two countries to the ISRM: Bosnia-Herzegovina and ISRM. This number is anticipated to increase after Albania. Bosnia has six individual members, while their June Symposium—because symposium registra- Albania has eight members. This was possible thanks tion includes ARMA and ISRM annual registration. to Prof. Ivan Vrkljan who established the contact with Prof. Mark Zobeck is currently the ARMA President. those countries. ARMA membership is approximately 40% petroleum Invitations have also been made to Ireland, Iceland, professionals with the remainder split between mining Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. So far, only Ireland has and civil/tunnelling professionals. expressed a desire to join the ISRM. The others have CARMA currently has 264 members who belong to not responded to our invitation. ISRM. They draw ISRM members from both the CIM On the other side of Europe, invitations have also and CGS members with interest in rock mechanics. been sent to Morocco and Tunisia to join the ISRM CARMA has a small percentage of their membership through the African region. Until now, we still have no from petroleum professionals, and mining profession- answer. als account for about 60% of their membership. In conclusion, we need to change our strategy in Both ARMA and CARMA enjoy corporate sponsor- finding people to contact. ship for conferences. One of the NGs goals is to con- Enhance communication with members and tact historical ARMA/CARMA corporate sponsors for National Groups membership and support for specific Commissions. At the moment, the communication between the Euro- Both national groups continue to use annual awards pean National Groups is not optimal. I only received and fellowship programmes to encourage members to two annual reports from Finland and Norway. We will be active and maintain their membership. discuss this issue during our next European meeting Communication on Monday evening. One possible solution would be ARMA sends their members a quarterly newsletter to launch a website. and monthly email communications to the member- Increasing new educational materials ship. Both CARMA and ARMA are good at passing Concerning educational materials, we have not made a ISRM newsletters and conference information on to lot of progress. We still plan on preparing a set of tut- their members via email. CARMA continues to add orial slides and later launching Webinar. We will also new content to their website (carma-rocks.ca) and discuss this matter during our next meeting on Mon- ARMA is planning to expand their website (arma.org), day evening. though their website has been up for several years. Interaction with other societies and agencies Education Despite some efforts, we did not succeed in establish- The national groups continue to use annual symposia ing contact with either the UNDP (United Nations De- as one of their main forms of education for their mem- velopment Programme), UNEP (United Nations Envi- bers. CARMA hosted RockEng2012 in Edmonton in ronment Programme), UN-HABITAT, IAEA early May which was a success. ARMA had their 46th (International Atomic Energy Agency), or ISDR US Rock Mechanics Symposium in Chicago from (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction). If any June 24–27. The ARMA foundation sponsored a fac- of you have some contacts with these organizations, ulty exchange with Kabul University and Kabul State we would be glad to know. professors. The exchange included a special session on Young Members’ Presidential Group rock mechanics challenges in Afghanistan. We were more successful with the Young Members’ CARMA is committed to making symposia proceed- Presidential Group. 15 young people have been ings available to the members via their website. These appointed to sit on the Young Members’ Presidential papers are also accessible to the general public. Group. They come from Austria, Belgium, Croatia, ARMA has an agreement with OnePetro to host their Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, symposia proceedings on the OnePetro.org website—a Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Switzer- significant revenue source for ARMA. Discounts on land and the UK. downloaded papers are available to ARMA members. Eurock Award Annual awards for CARMA and ARMA members A new selection procedure based on a review complet- from published works continue to be an important in- ed by the scientific advisory board of the Eurock Con- centive for members’ continuing education. These in- ference has been implemented. clude best symposium papers by topic, as well as best student papers. ARMA members put forth this year’s

Report V-P N. America (cont.) Report V-P for S. America

John Tinucci, USA Antonio Samaniego, Peru ([email protected]) ([email protected]) Rocha Award winner for the best PhD thesis, Matthew There are nine ISRM national groups that belong to Pierce for his work on the cavability of rock mass in the South American region; during 2012 two other block caving mining methods. institutions, from Ecuador and Mexico, were contacted Interaction with other Societies and there is a good possibility for them to become new ISRM members are actively involved in the rock ISRM National groups in the near future. mechanics committees for ASCE’s GeoInstitute and From 6–9 August the 2nd South American Rock Ex- CGS in the area of civil/tunneling engineering. ISRM cavation Symposium was held in Costa Rica; this was members are also actively involved in the rock a sponsored ISRM Symposium that was attended by mechanics committees for SME and CIM in the area most Presidents of the Regional National Groups. We of mining, as well as SPE in the area of petroleum proposed and selected the 2013 ISRM Regional Sym- rock mechanics. CARMA actively maintains relations posium and also planned and executed activities that with CIM and CGS by requiring their members to were discussed and approved at the Board Meeting in belong to one or both societies as a condition for Stockholm at EUROCK2012 under the initiatives of CARMA membership. modernisation of the ISRM, such as e-learning sys- ARMA has arranged student exchange on geother- tems, e-courses and collaboration with other institu- mal energy with student members from ARMA and tions related to rock mechanics. GSA at the GSA meeting in November in Charlotte, The main activity of our region has been to encour- NC and will again in San Francisco at ARMA’s 47th age our national groups to be active in recruiting more US Rock Mechanics symposium in 2013. members, which is why the total number has in- Younger Members creased, specially in Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. Also, an Providing a venue for younger members has been a effort was made to obtain their e-mail addresses in priority for both CARMA and ARMA over the last order to receive all benefits that our members are enti- several years. CARMA and ARMA continue to award tled to, such as receiving the ISRM bulletins and hav- best student paper at their annual symposia. The ing connection to the One Petro website for download- ARMA board initiated a “Future Leaders” roundtable ing papers. at their symposium in Chicago for 20 students. ARMA Finally, many members of the NG groups of our has also begun Student Chapters of ARMA as a way region were encouraged to participate in the Applied to encourage student membership and participation in Empirical Design Methods for Underground Mines symposia. The ARMA website has an Engineering and that is a ‘sub-commission’ of the Rock Engineering Science Careers Network link on their website to help Design Methodology Commission. The plan is to hold students and mid-career professionals find employ- a Symposium on this and related subjects by mid 2013 ment opportunities. Both CARMA and ARMA pro- in Lima, Peru. vide students with discount rates for attendance at symposia and activities as a way to make participation more affordable for students.

Stronger link of National Groups to ISRM CARMA has agreed to host the 2015 ISRM Congress in Montreal (April 29–May 6). This meeting will take place in conjunction with CIM’s annual meeting. ARMA is currently in discussions with CARMA to make this a joint meeting so that it becomes the main conference in North America in 2015. This will help boost attendance. ARMA/CARMA joint meeting discussions took place in June at ARMA’s Chicago symposium. Bring Mexico back into ISRM Mexico has not had an IRSM national group for several years. Like Canada, rock mechanics professionals have their primary memberships in the mining and civil engineering societies. Revised attempts will be made by the V-P North America and the CARMA and ARMA leadership to establish contact with a person speaking for Mexico with regard to ISRM.

2012 Report V-P at Large 1 2012 Report V-P at Large 2

Yuzo Ohnishi, Japan Manoj Verman, India ([email protected]) ([email protected]) Collaboration with National Groups of Japan Limited Time available and other Asian countries I was elected as Vice President at Large just before I am planning to attend national group meetings to Christmas 2011. Thereafter, significant changes in my deliver lectures as a vice-president of ISRM in relation professional career in the period from January to to the organising committees. Continuous discussions March 2012 occupied too much of my time. about management of international meetings have Activities been made. In the limited time available, I initiated or contributed Contact with rock mechanics researchers and to the following three types of activities: engineers in Vietnam, Philippine, Myanmar in  New ISRM Members from Asia Region collaboration with VP Asia Dr. Zhou  Roping in the industry At the request of Dr. Zhou, I have been trying to con-  Focus on Rock Mechanics education tact rock mechanics researchers in several countries. I New ISRM Member Countries found a few people who are interested in organising I made substantial efforts, along with the VP Asia, to their national groups, but so far there is no good news. have Pakistan join the ISRM and to have Nepal be- Some projects in rock mechanics and related fields come an active member. I established links with sever- are supported by international organisations, such as al people and organisations in both countries, such as, the ADB (Asian Development Bank), World Bank and  Dr. Krishna Panthi, Nepal Tunnelling Association JICA of Japan. I made contact with some project man- (NTA), Independent Power Producer Association agers in these organisations to find any involvement of of Nepal (IPPAN) in Nepal, and rock engineers in Vietnam, Philippine, Myanmar.  NESPAK, WAPDA and Universities in Pakistan. Support of Japanese national group activities There is much interest in both countries with engi- after the 3.11 earthquake neers and geologists facing tremendous rock engineer- We have been continuously discussing about the pre- ing challenges in the Himalayan conditions. However, sent and future of the ISRM national group, also rock they need a ‘champion’ to own and lead the campaign. mechanics in Japan. As you all know about the 3/11 Due to similar reasons, the International Tunnelling East Japan great earthquake, the interest of research in Association (ITA) could never get the Nepal Chapter rock mechanics in Japan turned to disaster prevention, started for a long time until I ‘owned’ the cause with energy resource development and nuclear hazard. tremendous support from friends in the World Bank However, after the Fukushima nuclear power station and ITA in January 2011. explosion, a strong request from the public to electric The example of the formation of the Nepal chapter power companies to reduce expenditure suddenly of ITA can be followed. I was planning for a small occurred; then, corporate members of ISRM (many are gathering of tunnelling experts from around the world electric power companies and their subsidiaries) in India in January 2011 for an on-going study. It was decided to stop supporting us. As a vice-president of suggested to move this to Nepal and make it bigger ISRM, I am trying to meet the VIPs of these compa- and to use it as a platform to launch ITA’s Nepal nies to ask them to continue supporting us. Chapter. We involved the Independent Power Produc- The question always arises “What can you do for ers’ Association of Nepal (IPPAN) who were interest- us?” when I visited the companies. We have to answer ed to host ITA’s Nepal Chapter but needed someone to this contribution question after 3.11. hold their hand. The event kept becoming bigger with We, the Japanese group, started discussing the use- 10 international experts agreeing to speak, sponsors fulness of rock mechanics and engineering technolo- coming forward and there was wide publicity in the gies by considering the possibility of underground nu- media. I had to do everything, from arranging the clear power stations, geothermal energy development, speakers, to selecting topics, to approaching sponsors, International Linear Corridor (ILC) and underground to preparing matter for banners. IPPAN was always shelter construction along the coastline for evacuation there with their unrelenting support. On the day of the at the time of a 35 m height tsunami attack, alternative event, the hotel where the event was organised had to safer road construction, etc. We proposed our plan to close the gates to control the crowd’, although it was a governors, politicians and government officers. paid event. The Nepal Chapter of ITA was launched Support commission activity and initiation of with fanfare and is running successfully. DDA commission The lesson, therefore, is that, in some of these Asian To initiate the DDA commission, I supported making countries, we have to ‘own everything’ to make it the bylaw and a future plan. We start by collecting happen. historical documents and papers published in the past group activities by contact with the ICADD group.

2012 V-P at Large 2 (cont.) 2012 Report V-P at Large 3

Manoj Verman, India Ivan Vrkljan ([email protected]) ([email protected])

Involving Industry My main activity has been to establish contact with It is a slow process—as the industry sees the ISRM as countries from the region who are not ISRM members. a group of academicians and researchers. Using this as I explained to them the benefits of ISRM membership our strength, I am working with the Indian NG to and invited them to join the ISRM. I also asked them approach companies to have Rock Engineering work- to introduce me to some other geotechnical associa- shops at project sites on practical issues. This will tions in their countries if they are not interested in need support from the wider ISRM to help in devising ISRM membership. I have given them By-Law No. courses and workshops in such a way that the industry 10, Scale of Fees, to familiarise them with the mem- starts to see us as industry-friendly bership cost. I received a response from Albania, Bos- I am working with the Indian NG to have focussed nia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, Uz- events on specific issues relevant to industry. This is bekistan and Bulgaria. Until now, Albania and Bosnia yielding success and the industry is showing interest and Herzegovina have become ISRM members. I also and is even prepared to fund the events pushed Serbia to join ISRM before the Congress in Focus on Rock Mechanics Education Beijing. In this way, three new countries from the There is great potential and need for a far greater focus West Balkans have joined the ISRM. on Rock Mechanics education in Universities in view The main activities of the new ISRM members of the huge infrastructural development in India and The Albanian Geotechnical Society and POLIS Uni- many other parts of Asia. Very few technical institutes versity organised the geotechnical symposium for the offer rock mechanics courses in India. I have only had Balkan Region, Landslides and Geo-Environment, preliminary discussions so far on the issue and will October 20–22, 2011, Tirana. The symposium was take it up as an important activity, along with the Ind- held through the International Society for Soil Me- ian representative on the Commission on Education. chanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). The Geotechnical Society of Bosnia and Herzegovina was established in 2010. In 2012, the DGTBiH became an ISRM member. It is very active society. Since its establishment, the DGTBiH has organised several geotechnical events:  12.11.2010. Conference on standardisation, certi- fication and law regulation in geotechnics, Banja- Vrucica, BiH, with 120 participants, from Bosnia and Herzegvina and Croatia;  03–04.06.2011. GEO-EXPO 2011, Geotechnical scientific meeting and exhibition, 140 participants, from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Ser- bia, Italy, Austria; and  07-09. 06.2012. GEO-EXPO 2012, Geotechnical scientific meeting and exhibition, organiser expected 150 participants from Bosnia and Herze- govina, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey. The Serbian Society for Rock Mechanics (SSRM) was established in 2011. In 2012, the SSRM became an ISRM member. Since its establishment, the SSRM has organised two presentations:  Construction of the hydrotechnical tunnel ‘Visnjica’ in Belgrade, a lecture by MSc Milan Trickovic, on 23.3.2011., in co-operation with the Serbian society for tunnel and underground structures  Modelling of shear processes in rock fill, by Dr Vladimir Andelkovic, on 19.10.2011.

Appl. Geophysics Commission Coupled THMC Commission

Commission President: Toshifumi Matsuoka, Commission President: Prof. Jishan Liu, Japan ([email protected]) Australia ([email protected])

The objectives of the Application of Geophysics to The objectives of this new Commission are to co- Rock Engineering Commission are ordinate and promote global efforts to address 1) to promote geophysical techniques in rock engi- research, education and industrial application of sci- neering, entific issues related to coupled THMC processes in 2) to organise international Workshops on the appli- geological materials and systems from pore to field cation of geophysics to rock engineering, and scales. Understanding these processes is important for 3) to establish closer relationships between ISRM a wide range of natural and engineering phenomena members and exploration geophysicists who are in geological materials. These include the traditional interested in the academic field on the application fields of nuclear waste disposal, formation of mineral of geophysics to rock engineering. deposits and geological hazards, plus some new The Commission members in the term 2011–2015 emerging areas, such as enhanced oil and gas recov- are as follows: ery, geothermal energy extraction, and geological  Prof T. Matsuoka (President, Japan) sequestration of CO2.  Prof E. Brueckl (Austria) The members of the THMC Commission are  Prof Xu Chang (China)  Prof Derek Elsworth  Dr C. Cosma (Finland)  Dr Lanru Jing  Prof A. Ghazvinian (Iran)  Prof Klaus Regenauer-Lieb  Prof P. Hatherly (Australia)  Prof Wancheng Zhu  Dr Jung-Ho Kim (Korea)  Prof Maurice Dusseault  Prof S. King (UK)  Prof Fusao Oka  Dr B. Lehmann (Germany)  Prof Jian Fu Shao  Dr S. Lüth (Germany)  Prof Hide Yasuhara  Prof C. J. de Pater (Netherlands)  Prof Xia-Ting Feng (ex officio), ISRM President  Prof L. J. Pyrak-Nolte (U.S.A.)  Dr David Beck (ex officio), ISRM VP Australa-  Dr E. Sellers (South Africa) sia  Dr S. Tanaka (Japan)  Prof P. Young (Canada) The products of the Commission will include co- The Commission organised the 9th International ordinating the organisation of GeoProc (GeoProc is Workshop on the Application of Geophysics to Rock an International Conference Series on Coupled T-H- Engineering in association with the 2011 ISRM Con- M-C Processes in Geosystems. The first conference gress held in Beijing, China. This Workshop was one (GeoProc03) was held in Stockholm, Sweden, in of the series of Workshops on the application of geo- 2003, followed by three successive meetings at Ho- physics to rock engineering which have been held Hai University (GeoProc06), Nanjing China, at Lille from 1990 as an activity of the Commission. University of Sciences and Technology (GeoProc08), It also held a Special Session during the Congress France, and most recently at the University of West- on “Rock Physics and Geophysics for CO2 Sequestra- ern Australia (GeoProc11) in Perth, Western Austral- tion”. Because CCS is becoming one of the key tech- ia. The venue for GeoProc2014 remains to be selected. nologies for reduction of CO2 emission in the atmos- phere, rock mechanics is expected to contribute to the Additionally, the work will include co-ordinating procedures. Five papers by well-known experts were the publication of the GeoProc proceedings. As a tra- given at this Special Session. dition, all proceedings have been published in the Geophysics is also expected to play a central role format of a book or special journal edition. A special for monitoring and verifying CO movement in the thematic issue of the Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. will be 2 published for the proceedings of GeoProc2011. ground. Although geophysics has been applied already Lecture tours will be organised: in particular, a lec- to several CCS fields, there still remain many chal- ture tour focussing on coupled THMC processes dur- lenges to be solved in future. ing the exploitation of minerals and energy will be arranged in late 2012. A delegation of five leading researchers will present lectures in Beijing, Sheng- yan, and Wuhan. Futhermore, there will be co-ordination of global THMC research efforts among major international groups.

Crustal Stress Commission Design Commission

Commission President: Prof. Furen Xie, Commission President: John A. Hudson, China ([email protected]) UK ([email protected]) Co-President: Xia-Ting Feng The objectives of the Commission are to: 1) develop/improve the methods and techniques of dynamic borehole-based stress-strain observation. 2) Promote experimental studies on deep borehole stress measurement. 3) Advance the research collaboration associating crustal stress with seismicity, seismogenesis, and the rock failure process. A Workshop on Crustal Stress and Earthquakes was held on 17 October, 2011 and the following attended: Design Commission Meeting just before the Prof. Furen Xie, Prof. Xiating Feng, Prof. John A. EUROCK2012 Symposium. Hudson, Prof. Bezalel Haimson, Prof. Qunce Chen, Attendance: (clockwise from the left): Alexandros Prof. Takatoshi Ito, Prof. Ove Stephansson, Prof. Sofianos, Antonio Samaniego, Xia-Ting Feng Kelin Wang, Prof. Qiliang Guo, Prof. Hong Li, Prof. (Commission Co-President), Wulf Schubert, Lauri Jiayong Tian, Dr. Chenghu Wang and many others. Uotinen, David Beck (obscured), Carol Hudson, Prof. Furen Xie chaired the Workshop. John A. Hudson, Erik Johansson, Ove Stephan- sson. (Resat Ulusay was also able to attend for part of the meeting.) The previous 2007–2011 Design Methodology Com- mission period had been successful and had culminat- ed in the publication of the “Rock Engineering De- sign” book by Xia-Ting Feng and John A. Hudson. Following that period, a variety of suggestions was made concerning the work that the Commission could undertake for the 2011–2015 period—and that these could be encompassed under the heading of “Risk” Participants in the 2011 Stress Workshop The Commission’s 2011–2015 work items are: In addition, a course on borehole-based stress-strain 1. The factors contributing to risk (e.g., geology, was held on 26–30 March 2012 in Beijing. Prof. Qi- rock stress, rock fractures); liang Guo, Prof. Kaizhi Su, Prof. Zuxi Ouyang, Prof. 2. Other factors and site investigation management; Anfu Niu, Prof. Zehua Qiu, and Prof. Shuxin Yang 3. Identification of the risk factors; gave presentations. 4. The requirement for a rock mechanics corporate In order to advance the approval of the China Crus- memory; tal Stress observatory network, a Working Group was 5. Surface projects; set up to collect all data from the present dynamic 6. Underground projects; borehole-based stress-strain observatory of China and 7. Risk evaluations and risk protocol sheets; and recommend the related observation techniques. Two 8. Auditing risk evaluations. technical specifications are now being drafted or re- Subjects that were mentioned at the Stockholm vised for this purpose. Also a Working Group for the meeting included Chinese Academy of Engineering hydraulic fracture technology for in situ stress meas- High-Level Forum on safe construction and risk man- urement has been established and a project for the long agement of major underground engineering projects, -term in situ stress measurement at the Tanlu fault belt how the ‘corporate memory’ could be developed and has been initiated at the beginning of 2012 in Shan- some of the books available on ‘risk’, avoiding dong province of China. shortcuts, accommodating risk in the design process, An Agreement for a Collaborative Project about the developing a risk flowchart, ensuring good linkage World-Stress Map between China and Germany will with project purpose and geological factors, the Aus- be signed to advance the co-operation and exchange of trian Design Guideline, data quality, empirical design crustal stress data and the book “Stress Field of the methods for mining, and preparation of a handbook Earth’s Crust” by Arno Zang and Ove Stephansson on ‘what things should be looked for in design’, a will be translated into the Chinese Simplified lan- ‘sub Commission’ on empirical design methods guage . organised by Antonio Samaniego.

DDA Commission Education Commission

Yossef Hatzor ([email protected]) Cai Meifeng, China Guowei Ma ([email protected]) ([email protected])

The DDA Commission was established in Nov. 2011 It was decided after the 12th ISRM Congress to retain (DDA standing for Discontinuous Deformation Analy- the Commission on Education. Since then, much work sis). Richard Goodman and Yuzo Ohnishi were invited has been done in establishing the new membership of to be two honorary Commission members and Genhua the Commission on Education for the term 2012 to Shi was invited to be the Honorary President of the 2015. Now the frame of the Commission membership Commission. 22 worldwide outstanding researchers on has been established, there are 18 members of which DDA were selected to be the Commission members; eight are new members. they include six from China, five from the USA, three Membership of the ISRM Commission on Educa- from Japan, three from Chinese Taipei, two from Eu- tion for the term 2012–2015: rope, and one each from Singapore, Australia and  Prof. Meifeng Cai, Chairman of the Commission, Korea. [email protected] The objectives of the DDA Commission are  Dr. Marek A. Kwasniewski, past Chairman of the  to jointly promote block theory, the Discontinu- Commission, [email protected] ous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method and the  Prof.-Ing. Claus Erichsen, past Vice-President of Numerical Manifold Method (NMM) research for ISRM, [email protected] diverse rock mechanics and engineering applica-  Prof. Nuno F. Grossmann, past Vice-President of tions; ISRM, [email protected]  to provide a forum for exchanging ideas and re-  Prof. Jean-Claude Roegiers, The University of search outputs on DDA; Oklahoma, USA, [email protected]  to more effectively organise ICADD conferences,  Prof. Ugur Ozbay, [email protected] Workshops and Training Courses;  Prof. John P Harrison, [email protected]  to develop systematic learning materials on DDA;  Prof. Vladimir V. Makarov, [email protected]  to stimulate research interests and attract young  Prof. Lineu Azuaga Ayres da Silva, [email protected] generations to further develop DDA;  Prof. Jean Sulem, [email protected]  to enhance international collaborations on DDA;  Prof. Hani S. Mitri, [email protected]  to publish an up-to-date and authoritative text  Prof. Tsuyoshi Ishida, ishida.tsuyoshi.2a@kyoto- book on the theory and application of Block Theo- u.ac.jp ry, DDA, and NMM in the context of the newly  Prof. Sung-Oong Choi, established ISRM professional Book Series.. [email protected]  Prof. K.G. Sharma, [email protected]; A one-day DDA workshop was organised on 14 Oct. [email protected] 2012, immediately before ARMS7, 15–19 Oct. 2012  Dr. Paul Hagan, [email protected] at Seoul, Korea. The Workshop was chaired by the  Dr. Lanru Jing, [email protected] DDA Commission member Jae-Joon Song from Seoul  Dr. Quentin Z.Q. Yue, [email protected] National University, Korea.  Prof. Jin’an Wang, Secretary-General of the The DDA Commission supported the International Commission, [email protected] Workshop on the Dynamic Stability of Rock Masses held at Perth, Australia, 6–8 Aug. 2012. The Work- During 14–16 October 2011, the ISRM Commission shop was jointly organised by the University of West- on Education organised the 2nd ISRM International ern Australia/Australia, Nanyang Technological Uni- Young Scholars’ Symposium on Rock Mechanics in versity/Singapore and the Chinese Academy of Sci- Beijing. The Proceedings of the Symposium, contain- ences/China. Members of the DDA Commission were ing 193 papers, were titled “Rock Mechanics: involved in organising and chairing this Workshop. Achievements and Ambitions (Editor Meifeng Cai)” A one-week DDA training course was conducted at and published by CRC Press/Balkema. Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China, 20– For the future: the 4th ISRM lecture tour is planned 24 Aug. 2012. The 30-hour training course was to be held in South America or an Asian country; the instructed by Genhua Shi, Yossef H Hatzor and 3rd ISRM International Young Scholars’ Symposium Guowei Ma. It covered key block theory, the discon- on Rock Mechanics will be held; course material will tinuous deformation analysis method and the numeri- be prepared; and there will be a collection of world- cal manifold method. wide PhD theses. The website domain www.isrm-dda.com has been established for the DDA Commission.

Hard Rock Commission Petroleum Commission

Manoj Verman, India Maurice Dusseault, Canada ([email protected]) ([email protected]) The Members of the Commission are as follows: The members of the Petroleum Geomechanics Com-  Nick Barton, Norway mission are  Trevor Carter, Canada  Dusseault, Maurice (President)  Jens Classen, Germany  Addis, Tony, [email protected]  (Alternate: Coni Scheifele, Germany)  Bunger, Andy, [email protected]  Bruce Downing, Canada  Cheng, Alex, [email protected]  Robert Galler, Austria  da Fontoura, Sergio, [email protected]  R.K. Goel , India  Ewy, Russ, [email protected]  Benoit de Rivaz, Belgium  Makurat, Axel, [email protected]  Sandip Shah, Nepal  Ki-Bok Min, [email protected]  Nick Swannell, UK  Morita, Nobuo, [email protected]  Rajeev Vishnoi, India  Osorio, Gildardo, [email protected]  Xia-Ting Feng (ex officio), ISRM President  Zimmerman, Robert,  Yingxin Zhou (ex officio), ISRM VP Asia  Xia-Ting Feng (ex officio), ISRM President  John Tinucci (ex officio), ISRM VP North America The purposes of the Commission are: A Hydraulic Fracturing Conference is being organ-  Compiling case histories of hard rock excavation ised as an ISRM-sanctioned Specialty Conference on projects, especially those from the Himalayas, the Sustainable Hydraulic Fracturing in Brisbane Australia Alps and the Andes; in 2013. This will be the first conference organised by  Documenting problems faced during hard rock the PGC. http://www.csiro.au/events/HF2013 excavation, particularly in difficult ground condi- Chris Hawkes led the organisation of a Rock Me- tions; chanics Conference under the auspices of CARMA  Recommendations for avoiding the problems (Canada) in Edmonton in May 2012. Special sessions faced; and on Petroleum Geomechanics and Cap Rock Integrity  Producing a report highlighting the lessons learnt (above thermal projects) were highlights. Maurice from hard rock excavation projects. Dusseault taught a 2-day short course on “Introduction to Petroleum Geomechanics” before the conference. The product of the Commission will be a report enti- A Workshop on Sampling and Testing, was held in tled “Lessons Learnt from Hard Rock Excavation association with the ARMA meeting, Chicago, June Projects”. This will include: 2012. This was organised by Russ Ewy (Chevron),  relevant rock mechanics principles, Tony Addis (Baker Hughes) and Axel Makurat  case histories, (Shell). There were 14 speakers who covered many important issues for the oil industry and there were  problems faced in hard rock excavations, and around 90 + attendees.  recommendations for avoiding these problems. A Working Group on Uniaxial Compressibility Testing for Petroleum Geomechanics is being organised. Also, a Working Group on Poroelastic Parame- ters is under discussion. In terms of the on-going activity and at the time of writing, Ki-Bok Min, a PGC Member, is helping to organise the ARMS 7 Regional Symposium in Octo- ber 2012 in Korea, and there will be at least one dedicated session, plus a Short Course on Petroleum Geo- mechanics. Also, the PGC is organising a conference in North America in 2014, and an announcement should be forthcoming in the fall of 2012. Maurice Dusseault has uploaded his notes on an In- troduction to Petroleum Geomechanics on the ISRM website, and the Commission is seeking other educational materials. Please contact us with your ideas.

Pres. Ancient Sites Commission Radwaste Commission

Wang Xudong, , China Wang Ju, China ([email protected] ) ([email protected]) The ISRM Commission on the Preservation of An- President: Dr. Ju Wang, China cient Sites was founded in 2008. The 1st Commission ([email protected]) Meeting was held in association with the ISRM Inter- Secretary: Dr. Yuemiao Liu national Symposium—the 5th ARMS held in Tehran, ( [email protected]) Iran, in November 2008. The 2nd Commission Meeting The major activities of the ISRM Commission on was held in association with the ISRM International Radioactive Waste Disposal (CORWD), during the Symposium SINOROCK 2009 held in Hong Kong in period 2011–2012 included: nd th May 2009. The 3rd Commission Meeting was held in  The 2 Commission meeting on 17 October, association with the ISRM International Symposium 2011, in Beijing China. held in New Delhi, India in October 2010. The 4th  The International Workshop on Radioactive Commission Meeting was held in association with the Waste Disposal and a Special Session on Radioac- ISRM Congress held in Beijing, China in 2011. tive Waste Disposal, Progress and Challenges, th st The members of the 2011–2015 Commission are: held in Beijing on 16 and 21 October, 2011, th  President: Wang Xudong, respectively, in conjunction with the 12 Interna- [email protected] tional Congress on Rock Mechanics . rd  Secretary-General 1: Chen Wenwu,  Participation in the 3 Brazilian Congress on [email protected] Tunnels and Underground Structures and the In-  Secretary-General 2: Sun Manli, ternational Seminar “South American Tunnelling- [email protected] SAT-2012”. th  B. Christara, [email protected]  Preparation for China’s 4 National Conference  Chen Wenwu, [email protected] on Underground Waste Disposal was underway,  Claudio Modena, [email protected] (held in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China on 23  C. Tanimoto, [email protected] –26 September 2012). nd th  E. Quadros, [email protected] The 2 Commission meeting was held on 17 Oct  Fu Bingjun, [email protected] 2011 in Beijing with the participation of 12 Commis-  Fang Yun, [email protected] sion members. Profs. John Hudson and Qian Qihu also  He Manchao, [email protected] attended the meeting. During the meeting, the activi-  Huang Jizhong, [email protected] ties of the Commission over the past years were  Jean Sulem, [email protected] reviewed, and a preliminary plan for the coming year  Joaocyro Andre, [email protected] was proposed. The planned activities include:  Li Zhongkui, [email protected]  Enlarging the membership of the Commission; th  L. Sousa, [email protected]  Organising a Workshop during the 13 Interna-  M. Coli, [email protected] tional Congress on Rock Mechanics in Montreal,  Mark Liebman, [email protected] Canada, in 2015;  R. Romana, [email protected]  To prepare a Suggested Method for borehole  Stavros Kourkoulis, [email protected] televiewer measurement, which is one of the most  Tang Chun-an, [email protected] advanced methods for investigation of fractures in  Y. Hatzor, [email protected] boreholes;  Yoshinori Iwasaki, [email protected]  Try to conduct a research or consulting project,  J. D. Rodrigues, [email protected] with the purpose of strengthening the relationship  Zhuang Huyuan, [email protected] between the Commission members. th On 16 October, 2011, The International Workshop At the 4th Commission Meeting held in Beijing in on Radioactive Waste Disposal: Progress and Chal- association with the 12th ISRM Congress on 17 Oct. lenges was held in Beijing, China. 75 participants 2011, more than 30 celebrated experts from differ- from 14 countries attended the Workshop. There were ent countries all over the world attended. Prof. 21 oral presentations. Also, a Special Session on Geo- Wang Xudong delivered an annual report on the logical Disposal of Radioactive Waste was held on Octo- ber 21st with six oral presentations. activities of the Commission. Then, a Workshop was successfully hosted which was highlighted by 13 keynote lectures aimed at new advances in the field of preservation of ancient sites.

Rock Dynamics Commission Soft Rocks Commission

Kaiwen Xia, Canada Milton Assis Kanji, Brazil ([email protected]) ([email protected])

The Commission for 2011–2015 is a continuation of The purposes of this new Commission are: the 2007–2011 Commission. Under the leadership of  To discuss, advance and develop issues related to Dr. Yingxin Zhou, the Commission has produced the the occurrence, investigation and properties of first set of ISRM Suggested Methods for rock dynam- soft rocks and their utilisation in engineering ics tests. The main objective of the current Commis- works, either as construction materials or as foun- sion is to develop further new rock dynamics testing dations; methods for the ISRM and the members have been  To encourage the collaboration and exchange of working accordingly. information of those dealing with research and  The number of Commission members is investigation, as well as with practical works, on experiencing steady growth. The current soft rocks, in order to foster knowledge on the Commission has a wide geographical representa- subject tion, with members from Australia, Canada, Chi-  To encourage the organisation of technical sym- na, Japan, Korea, Portugal, Singapore, Switzer- posia on the subject matter. land, Turkey, U.K. and the U.S.A. The Commision was formulated at the 12th ISRM  The Commission co-sponsored the International Congress in Beijing in October 2011. Several prelimi- Workshop on Dynamic Stability of Rock Masses nary activities have already taken place, as follows. held in Perth, Australia, on August 6–8, 2012.  A tentative selection of a venue and organisers for  The next CRD Workshop has been planned. It a future International Symposium on a specific will be held along with the First International subject within the Soft Rocks context, with the Conference on Rock Dynamics and Applications aim of submitting this to the ISRM Board for to be held in Lausanne, Switzerland, June 6–8, approval. Prof. Picarelli from Naples, Italy, was 2013. The objective of this Workshop is to over- approached but he recalled that the last Soil Me- view the advances in rock dynamic tests, and chanics European Conference in 2011 had the identify Working Groups for new ISRM rock dy- same theme, and he would be concerned about the namics Suggested Methods. holding of another conference so soon on the  The following methods, suggested mainly from same theme in the same region. As a result, the the current members, have already been identified Commission will be investigating another group as candidates for Suggested Methods: who might be interested in organising this event.  Confined Test: Li X.B., Zhou Z.L., et al., Inno-  Contacts are being made with known specialists vative testing technique for rock subjected to cou- working and researching or advising on research pled static and dynamic loads, IJRMMS, 45(5), into Soft Rocks. Several invitation emails have 739–748, 2008; been sent to known international specialists asking  Fracture Test: Dai F., Xia K.W., et al., Determi- them about their interest in joining the Commis- nation of dynamic Mode-I rock fracture para- sion. Some of them have already answered accept- meters using a cracked chevron notched semi- ing: Profs. Oscar Vardé (Argentina), Juan José circular bend specimen, EFM, 75(15), 2633–2644, Bosio (Paraguay), and several persons from Bra- 2011; zil. We are still waiting some answers. We are  Spalling Test: Mohanty B.: Measurement of the also asking who else might be interested in joining dynamic tensile strength (spalling strength) using to be sent invitation letters. explosively-driven long cylindrical samples in a  Contact with Dr. Mauricio Gianbastiani has been Hopkinson Bar test; made—he is organising a study group on Andean  Shear Test: Huang S.; Feng X. T.; Xia K, A dy- soft rocks, and hopefully he will be able to con- namic punch method to quantify the dynamic tribute to this ISRM Commission. shear strength of brittle solids, RSI, 86(5),  Contacts have also been made with researchers 053901, 2011; running investigation laboratories: Dr. Clovis  Bend Test: Dai F.; Xia K.; Luo S. N., Semi- Gonzatti from Cientec Lab (Porto Alegre) and Dr. circular bend testing with split Hopkinson pres- João L. Armelin from Furnas Lab (Goiania). They sure bar for measuring the dynamic tensile have both shown interest in contributing to the strength of brittle solids, RSI, 79(12), 123903, Commision. 2008. If you would like to contribute to the ISRM Soft Rocks Commission, please contact Milton Kanji [email protected]

Spalling Commission Testing Methods Commission

Mark Diederichs, Canada Resat Ulusay, Turkey ([email protected]) ([email protected]) The Commission on Rock Spalling Prediction was The purpose of the Testing Methods Commission is to initiated in May, 2009, at the SINOROCK conference produce ISRM Suggested Methods advising on proc- in Hong Kong. The current members of the Comm- edures for laboratory and field tests on rocks and rock ission include: Mark Diederichs (Leading Co-Pres- masses. The following activities have been undertaken ident of the Commission), Derek Martin (Co-President by the ISRM Commission on Testing Methods be- of the Commission), Lars Jacobsson (Sweden), Bernie tween October 21, 2011 and May 27, 2012. Gorski (Canada), Matti Hakala (Finland), Dick Stacey The 2012 annual meeting of the Commission was (South Africa), Ming Cai (Canada), Christer Ander- held on May 27, 2012 at the Elite Marina Tower in sson (Sweden), Erik Eberhardt (Canada), Florian Stockholm, Sweden, before EUROCK2012. Prof. Amman (Switzerland), Marc Panet (France), and Gio- John A. Hudson, Prof. Xia-Ting Feng, Prof. Sergio vanni Grasselli (Canada). Fontoura, Prof. Ove Stephansson and Dr. Eda Quadros Brittle spalling is the failure mechanism in hard participated in the meeting as members of the Comm- massive rock that is commonly observed in the walls ission. In addition, Dr. Antonio Samaniego (ISRM of underground excavations. The in situ strength of Vice President, S. America), Jacques Lucas (ISRM massive brittle rock is a ratio of intact rock strength Vice President, Africa) and Dr. Jose Muralha corresponding to the onset of crack damage prog- (Chairman of WG on SM for Discontinuity Shear ression in rock. The lower bound strength in situ is Test) also attended the meeting. represented by the onset of the Crack Initiation (CI) The current status of the new and upgraded ISRM threshold (for stress) while the upper bound in situ SMs prepared/under preparation by Working Groups strength is given by the Critical Damage (CD) or crack (WG) is, at the time of writing, as follows. propagation threshold. One of the ISRM Commission GROUP A: Published SMs. ISRM SMs for on Rock Spalling mandates is to develop guidelines Determining the Dynamic Strength Parameters and for estimation of onset of crack damage thresholds for Mode-I Fracture Toughness of Rock Materials, brittle rock in the laboratory. Comparison of the re- accepted and approved by the Commission and ISRM sults reveals that, although there is a slight difference Board in 2011, were published in the IJRMMS in between the ranges estimated for CI and CD by means 2012. of AE and measured strain methods, the results are GROUP B: SMs submitted for publication to consistent between different laboratories for each RMRE: SMs for Rock Failure Criteria; SM for Stress method. Estimation: Part 5; SM for Mode II Fracture Tough- The mandate of the Commission is to develop Sug- ness Test gested Methods for the determination, from laboratory GROUP C: SMs submitted to the Commission tests, of key parameters for spalling prediction and to  SM for Determination of Thermal Properties of provide guidance for the the determination of spalling Rock. potential for different rock types and rock mass char-  Upgraded SM for Sonic Velocity. acteristics. Secondary goals include the evaluation of  SMs for In Situ Borehole Measurements in a Rock predictive tools for spalling around excavations that Mass: (a) SM for rock fracture observations using are currently available to the practising engineer and a digital borehole camera, and (b) SM for measur- to encourage further development of more sophisticat- ing rock mass deformation using a sliding mi- ed numerical techniques. crometer. The first definitive act of the Commission was to  SM for measuring static fracture toughness of standardise terminology. The Commission has met in rock using Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) specimen. national and regional groups Over the duration of the GROUP D: SMs to be submitted to the Comm- Commission’s work, a rigorous testing programme has ission: been undertaken and has been completed. This testing  SM for Upgraded SM for Laboratory Determina- program involved sending 4 sets of 10 samples tion of the Shear Strength of Rock Discontinuities (Smaland Granite) to 4 independent labs for CI, CD  SM for Creep Test (crack damage) and UCS measurement using their  SM for In Situ Hydromechanical Testing of Frac- state-of-practice techniques, including various strain tured Rock Masses with the High Pulse Poroelas- measurement and calculation procedures, as well as ticity Protocol (HPPP) acoustic emissions. These test results have been com-  SM for Abrasivity Test pared and analysed by separate teams directed by  SM for Standard Practice for Displacement Derek Martin (University of Alberta, Canada) and Measurements Using Global Positioning System. Mark Diederichs (Queen’s University, Canada).

Underground Research Laboratory (URL) Networking Comm.

Joseph S.Y. Wang, USA and John A. Hudson, UK ([email protected] and [email protected]) This report summarises the presentation to the ISRM associated with deep and large excavations, alterations Council at EUROCK2012 Stockholm, on who we are, in disturbed/damaged excavation zones along em- what we plan to do, and what our recent activities are, placement drifts, in networked mine observatories, and for the URL Networking Commission. Co-chairing in energy-related assessments, in situ stress and pore with Joe Wang, LBNL, is John A. Hudson, Imperial pressure determination, stress alterations due to drill- College, who is also leading the DECOVALEX2015 ing, hydraulic fracturing, production in a multiple project. The ex officios are Xia-Ting Feng, IRSM/ wellbore environment for field assessment. CAS, ISRM President, and John Tinucci, SRK, ISRM The following background meetings contributed to VP North America. The other Commissioner from the development of the first URL workshop associated industry is Chris Laughton, Samsung, representing with the ISRM 2011 Congress at Beijing. IDUST2008 Fermi/LBNL. at Apt and SINOROCK2009 at Hong Kong were early We have Commissioners representing laboratories meetings where interdisciplinary aspects were intro- and facilities. Paul Bossart, Swisstopo, joined the duced. The topics of couplings from underground, Commission in April this year, representing Mont through surface, to the ionosphere were addressed at Terri Lab. Among Commissioners nominated and AGU NH sessions 2009-2011 in San Francisco, and accepted last fall are: EMSEV2010 at Orange. These topics will be further  Rolf Christiansson, SKB, representing Äspö HRL; covered by the URL Commission. Then we had sever-  Kimmo Kemppianen, Posiva, representing al meetings with URLs discussed: ARMA2010 at Salt ONKALO; and Lake, ARMS2010 at New Delhi, DURA2010 at Chi-  Xiagling Li, EURIDICE, representing HADES. cago, and ARMA2011 at San Francisco. In 2011, the Other Commissioners are from academia with strong following physics meetings were attended: APS2011 interests in industries and ties with URLs: Spring meeting at Anaheim, Cosmic Frontier Sympo-  Maurice Dusseault, U. Waterloo, on solid slurry sium at Chicago, and Cosmogenic Workshop at injections and petroleum geomechanics; Berkeley.  Derek Elsworth, Penn State U., representing The URL2011 Workshop held on October 17, 2011, SURF and coupled process testing; in Beijing had 22 technical presentations in five ses-  Yves Guglielmi, U. Provence, representing LSBB sions and the Proceedings contain 11 chapters, with and HPPP as one ISRM Suggested Method; presentation files and preprints available through hy-  Peter K. Kaiser, Laurentian U./CEMI, represent- perlinks. The “2011 URL Workshop Proceedings pdf” ing SNO and networked deep mine observatory; is our Commission’s first product, to be posted on the  Shaojn Li, IRSM/CAS, representing CJPL; and ISRM URL Networking Commission webpage. The  Azra Tutuncu, Colorado School of Mines Uncon- five sessions are: I. Challenges of Deep/Large Exca- ventional Natural Gas and Oil Institute (UNGI), vations; II. Physics Deep Laboratories; III. Radioac- about to establish an in situ laboratory for uncon- tive Waste URLs; IV. Injection & Withdrawal, Bore- ventional shale formation characterisation, drill- hole URLs; V. Coupled Process Testing, Mine URLs. ing, stimulation, and production. Indeed, the URL Workshop findings formed the basis The URL Networking Commission is currently for the formation of our URL Networking Comm- focused on the coupling of rock mechanics with eng- ission, launched in November 2011 after the Work- ineering, geoscience, and physics. Among professional shop. societies, ARMA has strong components in civil, min- Since the URL Workshop, we have had additional ing, and petroleum engineering. AGU fall meetings URL-related activities that contribute to further URL frequently discuss coupled processes among geologi- information. Immediately after the October 2011 Bei- cal, thermal, hydrological, mechanical, chemical, bio- jing Congress, we visited, in Beishan, the candidate logical, technological, and engineering. APS holds site of China’s URL for radioactive waste assessment. workshops/meetings on exotic particle and rare event In December 2011, we had our 3rd AGU NH session in search/detection with sessions addressing infrastruc- San Francisco. In January 2012, we had the 2nd DURA ture requirements of deep physics laboratories/ meeting at Chicago. In March 2012, there was a facilities. The physics experiments of interest include Workshop related to shale gas production at San Ra- dark matter search, neutrino-less double beta decay, mon, California. In April 2012 the DECOVA- proton decay, neutrino flavor changes, signals from LEX2015 project was launched in a Workshop at supernova, etc. Berkeley, where John Hudson, Lanru Jing, Xia-Ting The current scope of the URL Networking Comm- Feng, Robert Zimmermann, Joe Wang and others ission includes addressing rock mechanics challenges attended.

The Application of FEM Limit Analysis in Tunnel Engineering

ZHENG Ying-ren. Dept. Civil Engineering, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China ([email protected])

1. Introduction materials are mixed according to a given ratio with At present, there are two commonly used theories about water to form the experiment material. A mechanical the rocks surrounding tunnels. One is the pressure arch of press is used to impose the load step by step until the ·М·Протодьяконов based on the mechanics of loose tunnel fails, as shown in Figure 2. media for a deep-buried tunnel, where the tunnel under- takes the loose pressure under the arch. The pressure of loose rock and soil on a shallow-buried tunnel is established using the rock pillar theory or Terzaghi theory for stress transfer. Another is based on elastic-plastic theories and adopts the analytical solution or numerical solution to solve the deformational pressure on the tunnel, but a reasonable design cannot be determined since the safety factor of the tunnel cannot be calculated quantita- tively. In 2004, the author suggested that the safety factor of surrounding rock and the failure state of tunnels can be solved by finite element method (FEM) strength reduction. In this paper, the failure mechanism of a tunnel is obtained by using model tests and FEM limit analysis, and then the quantitative stability analysis and design for a tunnel are presented. The safety factor can be obtained by using traditional limit analysis, but its wide application is limited. Figure 1. Tunnel model With the development of numerical analysis, Zienkie- wicz proposed the FEM overload method and strength reduction method [1] in 1975 by directly using FEM to calculate the limit load and stability safety factor. In 2004, this method was further developed and named as numerical limit analysis or FEM limit analysis by the author, because its principle is essentially to conduct limit analysis through numerical solution and obtain the limit load or stability safety factor. This method can be used widely: it can not only obtain the limit load and stability safety factor, but also identify the location and shape of the failure surface. The function and application range of limit analysis have been extended dramatically. By reducing the strength of rock and soil or increasing the load continuously in FEM limit analysis, one can carry out elas- Figure 2. Step loading -plastic numerical calculations until rock and soil failure, so the failure surface can be generated automati- The tunnel failure would lead to the mutation of dis- cally and the information concerning the whole failure placement or plastic strain on the fracture surface. So can be found. FEM strength reduction can be used to identify the The ‘reduction multiple’ of strength is the stability location of the fracture surface through numerical sim- safety factor for geotechnical engineering, so the limit ulation. The mutation points of equivalent plastic load or stability safety factor can be determined. strain on each section of the two sidewalls should be found out firstly, and then these points are connected 2. Failure mechanism of a tunnel to form a line, which is the location of the fracture sur- The laboratory model test and numerical analysis face, as shown in Figure 3. method is used to reveal the failure mechanism of a Five schemes are designed to carry out the model tunnel. The dimensions of the model are 400 mm long, test and the results are compared with numerical anal- 520 mm high and 150 mm thick, as shown in Figure 1. ysis results. The failure loads and the maximum length The aggregate material of the sample is sand, and the between fracture surface and sidewall in both the cementing material is gypsum, cement and talc. These model experiment and numerical simulation are listed in Table 1.

size of the fracture surface are similar. It can be seen that failure occurs in the upper part of the arch for a shallow buried tunnel, while it occurs on the two sidewalls for the deep buried tunnel.

(a)

Figure 4a. Failure in shallow buried model test (the ultimate load was 28 kN)

(b) Figure 3. Model experiment (a) and numerical simulation results (b) of Scheme 1

It can be seen that the results in the model experiment are close to that in the numerical simulation.

Table 1. Model test and numerical simulation results

Schemes 1 2 3 4 5

Sidewall/Arch height /cm 8/2 8/3 8/4 6/4 4/4 Experiment mode 62 59 56 61 68 Ultimate load /kN Numerical simulation 57 55 53 60 66 Maximum length Experiment 2.7 3.15 3.8 2.45 1.85 between crack mode Figure 4b. Fracture surface in the numerical simu- surface and side- Numerical lation of the shallow buried tunnel wall /cm 2.55 3.05 3.65 2.4 1.75 simulation (the ultimate load is 29 kN)

The test results of Scheme 1 and the relevant numer- In order to study the failure process of a tunnel from ical analysis results are shown in (a) and (b) of Figure shallow-buried to deep-buried, the FEM strength re- 3 respectively. The results of the model test and nu- duction method was used to simulate this process. merical simulation of shallow-buried tunnels are Two tunnels with different cross section are consid- shown in Figure 4. The ultimate load, the location and ered in the modelling: a rectangular tunnel 12 m wide

Application of FEM Limit Analysis in Tunnel Engineering (cont.)

and 5 m high, and an arched tunnel 12 m wide, 5 m high with a 3 m high arch. The calculation parameters were as follows: the elastic modulus is 100 MPa; the Poisson’s ratio is 0.3; gravity is 18 kN/m3; the cohesion is 0.04 MPa; and the internal friction angle is 22. The failure states and safety factors of the rectangular tunnel under different buried depth levels are shown in Figure 5. Figure 5(a). Depth 3 m and safety factor 0.5.

Figure 5(c). Depth 10 m, safety factor 0.69.

and deep buried. In Figure 5(c), the shallow-buried pressure arch above the arch top disappears gradually and a deep-buried pressure arch forms when the buried depth is 10 m. The deep-buried pressure arch is the commonly mentioned pressure arch. The arch is Figure 5(b). ) Depth 9 m and safety factor 0.66. 5.0~6.0 m high and the safety factor is 0.69. Clearly, mutation occurs when the buried depth is 10 m and shallow-buried turns into deep-buried.

In Figure 5(a), the fracture surface is arched and extends to the ground surface when the buried depth is 3 m, but the arch has not connected, which shows the shallow-buried failure occurs in the arch top. In Figure Figure 5(d). Depth 12 m, safety factor 0.7. 5(b), an obvious shallow-buried pressure arch forms in the top of arch when the buried depth is 9 m. The fail- In Figures 5(d) and (e), two fracture surfaces form ure still occurs in the top of arch. The formation of the gradually when the buried depth is 12 and 18 m. One shallow-buried pressure arch is related to the buried is the formed pressure arch of ·М·Протодьяконов on depth, and it is the boundary between shallow buried the arch top; the other one is the gradually formed crack surface on the sidewall and it extends from the

poorer the safety is. For the arched tunnel, the failure mechanism is basically the same as that of the rectangular tunnel, but the pressure arch of ·М·Протодьяконов does not exist because the top of the tunnel is arch shaped itself.

3. Quantitative analysis of the surrounding rock stability of tunnels without lining The surrounding rock stability of tunnels has only a qualitative standard and no strict mechanical quantitative standard at the present. The displacement around the rock and the size of the plastic zone are taken as the criteria of stability empirically. In practice, the failure of rock and soil is only dependent on the strength parameters and is not related to the deformational parameters. The FEM limit analysis is adopted to identify the quantitative standard of surrounding Figure 5(e). Depth 18 m, safety factor 0.7. rock stability in this paper. The criterion has a strict mechanical basis and unified standards and is not be influenced by other factors. The failure of the tunnel surrounding rock is mainly shear failure. Tensile failure could happen in some parts, such as the gently arched top, so both a shear safety factor and a tensile safety factor are proposed. The shear safety factor is mainly discussed in the following. The modelling analysis on the loess dwelling cave without a lining is studied using the software of FLAC3D and ANSYS. The strength reduction method is used to calculate the safety factor of tunnels under different rise-span ratio. Calculation example: the dwelling loess tunnel is 3 m wide; the sidewall is 1.5m high; the arch heights are 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m. The physical parameters in the calculation are shown in Table 2. Figure 5(f). Depth 30 m, safety factor 0.67.

Table 2 Parameters of physical mechanics of soil foot of the arch to the wall. According to the equiva- Elastic Internal Tensile lent plastic strain shown in Figure 5, the pressure arch Poisson’s Gravity Cohesion modulus friction strength ratio (kN/m3) (MPa) fails first when the buried depth is 12 m, and the frac- (MPa) angle (°) (MPa) ture surface becomes lateral with the increase of bur- 40 0.35 17 0.05 25 0.01 ied depth. The lateral fracture surface finally appears clearly The distribution of the plastic zone and the location when the depth is 18 m, and the safety factor is 0.7. In of the potential fracture surfaces are shown in Figure Figure 5(f), when the buried depth is 30 m, the situa- 6, for which the arch height is 1.5 m and only the c tion is similar to that of 18 m, but the lateral crack sur- and j is reduced when the failure occurs. The shear face fails first clearly and the safety factor is 0.67. safety factors calculated by these two software pro- It can be concluded from the above that failure grams are given in Table 3—and are basically the occurs on the arch top and the safety factor increases same; the error is less than 2%. from 0.3 to 0.7 when the buried depth is between 1 m and 18 m, i.e. the less the depth, the poorer the safety is. Failure occurs on both sides and the safety factor reduces from 0.7 to 0.67, when the buried depth is between 18 m and 30 m, i.e., the greater the depth, the

Application of FEM Limit Analysis in Tunnel Engineering (cont.)

Figure 6(a). Contour of plastic zones before reduction

Figure 6(c). The increment of shear strain (FLAC)

4. Design and calculation of loess tunnels with lining The aim of tunnel design is to assure the stability of the surrounding rock and lining after the installation of the initial and secondary support. At the same time, the choice of calculation model must reflect the practical physical conditions and fully activate the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock and lining, so they should be in a plastic state. The initial lining should bear major loads and the secondary lining only bear small amount of load. The stress releasing rate of the surrounding rock should be Figure 6(b). Contour of plastic zones after taken into account in the design of the lining. Accord- reduction ing to the support time, the releasing of the load on the

surrounding rock can be divided into three stages. The Table 3. Shear safety factors under different rise- span ratios by FLAC and ANSYS first is the release before the initial lining and during the excavation without supporting. The second is the Reduction coefficient of release after the initial lining, in which the surrounding Rise- Arch height span c and j rock and the initial lining are working together. The （m） ratio FLAC ANSYS last is the release after the secondary lining, in which the surrounding rock, initial and secondary lining are 1/6 0.5 1.71 1.69 working together. 1/3 1.0 1.67 1.65 Calculation of the initial lining 1/2 1.5 1.64 1.62 The safety of construction should be assured by the initial supporting and the long-term safety should be

assured by the secondary supporting. The initial lining should be regarded as elastic-plastic reinforced materi-

al, so the values of c and j of the concrete should be Table 5. Safety factors of surrounding rock/lining. known. According to the compressive and tensile The bending moment, axial force and the safety fac- strength of different grades of concrete, the converted tor of the secondary lining can be calculated, as shown values of c and j are given in Table 4. in Table 5 and Figure 7. This shows that the structure and size of the tunnel Table 4. c and j for different grades of concrete are reasonable.

C15 C20 C25 C30

c（MPa） 1.78 2.59 2.72 3.18

j (°) 50.7 52.5 53.9 54.9

Considering that the strength of concrete would reduce under plastic state, c and j is multiplied by 2/3 and 4/5 respectively. Numerical limit analysis can be used to calculate the safety factor of surrounding rock. According to existing design experience, the releasing rate of load of loess on the tunnel before initial lining is about 50%.The safety factor is required to be not < 1.15~1.20 to assure construction safety. Otherwise, the strength of initial supporting should be increased.

Calculation of secondary lining A combined supporting structure is commonly used in Figure 7. Bending moment of secondary lining and the tunnel, including initial and secondary supporting axial force under condition 5. systems. The secondary lining should be taken as elastic, mainly bearing axial force and moment. The sec- 5. Conclusions ondary lining is imposed after the release of 90% of 1. Model test and FEM limit analysis are used to re- the loads. The bending moment and the axial force are veal the failure mechanism of shallow and deep buried worked out directly by using FEM, and then the safety arched tunnels. The location and shape of the fracture factor of the lining can be calculated according to the surface of surrounding rock are obtained. reinforced concrete component. The safety factor of 2. The safety factor by FEM strength reduction can be the secondary lining is suggested to be 1.40 and that of taken as the quantitative criteria of stability analysis, the surrounding rock after the secondary lining should with strict mechanical foundations/unified standards. be over 1.35. 3. A new concept and method of soil tunnel design and calculation are proposed. The releasing rate of the Analysis of the practical example surrounding rock is taken into account. The initial lin- The loess tunnel is taken as the example for calcula- ing is taken as elastic-plastic material to reinforce the tion. The shape of the tunnel is a double-lane tunnel surrounding rock and the secondary lining is an elastic with a curved wall and inverted arch. The initial and structure. secondary lining is C25 concrete, and the secondary lining is calculated as elastic bars. The initial lining is References 300 mm thick and the secondary one is 400 mm thick. [1] Zienkiewicz O C, Humpheson C, Lewis R W. The safety factor of the surrounding rock after the Associated and non-associated visco-plasticity in soil initial ling by FEM strength reduction is 1.38. The mechanics [J]. Geotechnique 1975; 25(4):671–689. secondary lining should undertake some load and it is [2] ZHENG Ying-ren, QIU Chen-yu, ZHANG Hong. imposed after the release of 90% of the load. Exploration of stability analysis methods for surrounding rocks of soil tunnel [J].Chinese Journal of Rock Releasing rate Releasing rate Bending Axial Safety factor Safety factor of Releasing after the initial after the moment force of secondary surrounding rock after rate lining secondary lining (kN·m) (kN) lining secondary lining 50% 40% 10% 91.346 405.798 1.45 1.48

ISRM Corporate Members 2012

All Corporate Members of the ISRM are listed in every Norsk Geoteknisk Forening, Oslo, Norway Issue of the News Journal, under headings that describe Norwest Holst - Soil Engineering Division, Leeds, their main activities. If you wish to be listed under another United Kingdom Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, Nottingham, category, or categories, please contact the ISRM Secretariat: United kingdom ([email protected]). Oyo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai City, China Sibelco Nordic AS Avd Stjernøy, Alta, Norway A - SUPPLIERS OF ROCK MECHANICS SINTEF Teknologi og samfunn Avd Trondheim, Trondheim, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS Norway Bergab AB, Göteborg, Sweden Skanska Norge AS, Oslo, Norway Boliden Mineral, Sweden SNCF / Direction de l’Ingenierie, La Plaine St Denis, France China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, China Solexperts Ag., Mönchaltorf, Switzerland China Railway 16th Group Co.,Ltd, Hongsongyuanbeili, China SSANGYONG Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., Seoul, Counto Microfine Products Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India Korea Ergotech Ltd., Conwy, United Kingdom Stable Strata Consulting (Pty) Ltd., Mondeor, South África GCTS Testing Systems, Tempe AZ, USA Sweco Norge AS, Lysaker, Norway GEO Lab Testing Ltd., Llanelli, United Kingdom Systra, Paris, France Geobrugg, Romanshorn, Switzerland Terrasol; Montreuil, France Geotechnical Systems Australia Pty Ltd., Bayswater, Australia Tractebel Engineering, Gennevilliers, France Glötzl, Rheinstetten, Germany Vattenfall Power Consultant, Stockholm, Sweden Golder Associates, Montreal, Canada Vik Ørsta AS, Ørsta, Norway Guangdong Hongda Blasting Engineering Co. Ltd., China WSP Finland Ltd., Helsinki, Finland LNEC - Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisboa, Portugal C - CONSULTANTS Lehrstuhl für Ingenieurgeologie und Hydrogeologie, Aachen, 3D Geoscience, Inc., Tokyo, Japan Germany AF Gruppen Norge AS, Oslo, Norway Oyo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan ÅF, Stockholm, Sweden Solexperts Ag., Mönchaltorf, Switzerland AGL Consulting, Dublin, Ireland Arcadis ESG, Le Plessis Robinson, France B - SUPPLIERS OF ROCK MECHANICS SERVICES Arcadis ESG, Sèvres, France AF Gruppen Norge AS, Oslo, Norway Bleikvassli Gruber AS, Bleikvasslia, Norway Arcadis ESG, Le Plessis Robinson, France Boliden Mineral, Sweden Bergab AB, Göteborg, Sweden BRGM, Orleans, France Bleikvassli Gruber AS, Bleikvasslia, Norway CETU, Centre d’Études des Tunnels), Lyon, France Boliden Mineral, Sweden Changsha Engineering & Research Insititute Ltd. of Non-ferrous BRGM, Orleans, France Metallurgy Changsha Engineering & Research Institute Ltd. of Non-ferrous China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Metallurgy China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd., China China Coal Research Institute, China Chuo Kaihatsu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan China Railway 16th Group Co., Ltd, Beijing, China Coffey Geotechnics, North Ryde, Australia China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd., China Dar Al-Handasah Consultants, Cairo, Egipt China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China Dia Consultants Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Eiffage Construction G.D., Velizy-Villacoublay, France Docon Corporation, Hokkaido, Japan Elletipi S.R.L., Ferrara, Italy Eiffage Construction G.D., Velizy-Villacoublay, France Entreprenørservice AS, Rud, Norway Elletipi S.R.L., Ferrara, Italy GEO Lab Testing Ltd., Llanelli, United Kingdom Entreprenørservice AS, Rud, Norway Geobrugg, Romanshorn, Switzerland GEO Lab Testing Ltd., Llanelli, United Kingdom Geomecon GmbH, Potsdam, Germany Geomecon GmbH, Potsdam, Germany Geoscience Ltd., Falmouth, United Kingdom Geoscience Ltd., Falmouth, United Kingdom Golder Associates, Montreal, Canada Geoscience Ltd., Falmouth, United Kingdom Golder Associates, Sweden GMI S.A. Ingenieros Consultores, Lima, Peru Guangdong Hongda Blasting Engineering Co. Ltd., China Golder Associates, Montreal, Canada Huainan Coal Mining (Group) Co., Ltd, Huainan City, P.R. China Golder Associates, Sweden Hydrochina Kunming Engineering Corporation, Kun'ming, China Guangdong Hongda Blasting Engineering Co. Ltd., China INERIS, Verneuil en Halatte, France Hazama Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan Ingenieursozietät Prof. Dr.-Ing. Katzenbach Gmbh, Hydrochina Guiyang Engineering Corporation, Guiyang City, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Guizhou Province, China Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, The Chinese Academy of Hydrochina Kunming Engineering Corporation, Kun'ming, China Science, WuHan, China INERIS, Verneuil en Halatte, France Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisboa, Portugal Ingenieursozietät Prof. Dr.-Ing. Katzenbach Gmbh, LECM – Civil Engineering Laboratory of Macau, Macau, China Frankfurt am Main, Germany Lehrstuhl für Ingenieurgeologie und Hydrogeologie, Aachen, IRSN, Fontenay aux Roses, France Germany Itasca Consulting China Ltd., China Mesy (I) Pvt. Ltd., Chihat, Lucknow, India Itasca Consulting Group Inc., Minneapolis, USA Nick Barton & Associates, Høvik, Norway Itasca S.A., Santiago, Chile Nitro Consult AS, Lierstranda, Norway ITOCHU Techno – Solutions Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Norconsult AS, Sandvika, Norway Kawasaki Geological Engng. Co., Tokyo, Japan Norges geologiske undersøkelse, Trondheim, Norway KDC Engineering, Tokyo, Japan Norges Geotekniske Institutt, Oslo, Norway Kiso-Jiban Consultants Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Norsk forening for Fjellsprengn Teknikk, Oslo, Norway Lahmeyer International Gmbh, Bad Vilbel, Germany LCW Consult , S.A., Algés, Portugal

Lehrstuhl für Ingenieurgeologie und Hydrogeologie, Aachen, Hokkaido Electric Power Co. Inc., Sopporo, Japan Germany Hokuriku Electric Power Co., Toyama City, Japan Lombardi Engineering Ltd., Minusio, Switzerland Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc., Osaka, Japan Multiconsult SA., Oslo, Norway Kyushu Electric Power Company, Fukuoka, Japan Newjec Inc., Osaka, Japan Shikoku Electric Power Co., Kagawa, Japan Nick Barton & Associates, Høvik, Norway F - MINING COMPANIES Nitro Consult Ab., Stockholm, Sweden China Coal Research Institute, China Nitro Consult AS, Lierstranda, Norway CSIR Mining Technology, Auckland Park, South Africa Norconsult AS, Sandvika, Norway Huainan Coal Mining (Group) Co., Ltd, Huainan City, P.R. China Norges geologiske undersøkelse, Trondheim, Norway LKAB, Luleå, Sweden Norges Geotekniske Institutt, Oslo, Norway Nittetsu Mining Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Norsk forening for Fjellsprengn Teknikk, Oslo, Norway Somincor - Sociedade Mineira de Neves Corvo, S.A., Norsk Geoteknisk Forening, Oslo, Norway Castro Verde, Portugal Norwest Holst - Soil Engineering Division, Leeds, United Kingdom G - RESEARCH ORGANISATIONS Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, Nottingham, ÅF, Stockholm, Sweden United Kingdom BRGM, Orleans, France Petrolab Limited, Redruth, United Kingdom Central Res. Inst. of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan Prof. Dipl.-Ing. H. Quick, Darmstadt, Germany Cetu (Centre d’ Études des Tunnels), Lyon, France Ramboll UK Ltd., London, United Kingdom Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, Göteborg, Sweden SEA Consulting s.r.l., Turin, Italy China Coal Research Institute, China Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co. Ltd., Shanghai City, China China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Sibelco Nordic AS Avd Stjernøy, Alta, Norway China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China SINTEF Teknologi og samfunn Avd Trondheim, Trondheim, Geoscience Research Laboratory, Co. Ltd, Yamato, Japan Norway Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, The Chinese Academy of Skanska Norge AS, Oslo, Norway Science, WuHan, China Solexperts Ag., Mönchaltorf, Switzerland IRSN, Fontenay aux Roses, France SSANGYONG Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., Seoul, LECM – Civil Engineering Laboratory of Macau, Macau, China Korea Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisboa, Portugal Stable Strata Consulting (Pty) Ltd., Mondeor, South Africa Lehrstuhl für Ingenieurgeologie und Hydrogeologie, Aachen, Sumiko Consult. Co Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Germany Suncoh Consultants Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Luleå University of Technology – LTU, Luleå, Sweden Sweco Norge AS, Lysaker, Norway Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, Nottingham, Sweco VBB AB, Stockholm, Sweden United Kingdom Systra, Paris, France Rock Engineering Research – BeFo, Stockholm, Sweden Terrasol, Montreuil, France Solexperts Ag., Mönchaltorf, Switzerland Three Gorges Geotechnical Consultants Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. – SKB, China Stockholm, Sweden Tractebel Engineering, Gennevilliers, France Universidade de Aveiro – Dep. Civil Engineering, Aveiro, Tyréns Infrakonsult Ab., Stockholm, Sweden Portugal Vattenfall Power Consultant, Stockholm, Sweden Vik Ørsta AS, Ørsta, Norway H - GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS West Japan Engineering Consultant, Inc., Fukuoka, Japan CEDD Civil Engineering and Development Department, WSP Finland Ltd., Helsinki, Finland Hong Kong, China Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan CETU, Centre d’ Études des Tunnels, Lyon, France Ineris, Verneuil en Halatte, France D - CONTRACTORS IRSN, Fontenay aux Roses, France Betongsprutnings AB Besab, Göteborg, Sweden LECM – Civil Engineering Laboratory of Macau, Macau, China China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd., China Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisboa, Portugal China Three Gorges Project Corporation, Yichang, China Luleå University of Technology – LTU, Luleå, Sweden Eiffage Construction g.d., Velizy-Villacoublay, France Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Oslo, Norway GEO Lab Testing Ltd., Llanelli, United Kingdom Okumura Corporation, Osaka, Japan Geoscience Ltd., Falmouth, United Kingdom Royal Institute of Technology – KTH, Stockholm, Sweden Japan Underground Oil Storage Comp., Tokyo, Japan Skanska Project Support AB, Solna, Sweden Kajima Co., Tokyo, Japan Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. – SKB, Nishimatsu Const. Co., Tokyo, Japan Stockholm, Sweden Obayashi Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Universidade de Aveiro – Dep. Civil Engineering, Aveiro, Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co. Ltd., Shanghai City, China Portugal Shimizu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Skanska Project Support AB, Solna, Sweden I - OTHER CORPORATE MEMBERS Solexperts Ag., Mönchaltorf, Switzerland Geosigma Ab., Uppsala, Sweden Taisei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Itasca Consulting China Ltd., China Tekken Corporation, Tokyo, Japan ITOCHU Techno – Solutions Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Tobishima Corp., Chiba, Japan Kumagai Gumi Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Toda Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Okumura Corporation, Osaka, Japan WSP Finland Ltd., Helsinki, Finland Orica Mining Services Portugal, S.A, Lisboa, Portugal SNCF / Direction de l’Ingenierie, La Plaine St Denis, France E - ELECTRICITY SUPPLY COMPANIES WSP Sverige AB, Stockholm, Sweden China Three Gorges Project Corporation, Yichang, China Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc., Hiroshima, Japan Electric Power Dev. Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

The ISRM Slide Collection

The ISRM Slide Collection can be found at the ISRM website: www.isrm.net under the section ‘Products and Publications’

The original ISRM Slide Collection was donated by former ISRM President John A. Franklin. The collection is organised in 14 themes, each theme containing 20 slides. Free download of the photos in the ISRM Slide Collection is available to ISRM members registered on the website. Please press CTRL and click here to proceed to the download page. Non-members of the ISRM can purchase the Slide Collection CD directly from the Secretariat by press- ing CTRL and then clicking this Purchase Form to obtain the CD Rom with fourteen sets of 20 photographs each, covering the following subjects.

1. Geology and Rock Structure 2. Exploration and Testing 3. Rock Stress 4. Excavating, Drilling & Boring Machines 5. Blasting 6. Monitoring 7. Rockbolts and Anchors 8. Rock Foundations 9. Dams 10. Quarrying and Stone 11. Slope Stabilization and Rockfall Protection 12. Underground Space 13. Tunnelling 14. Underground Mining

Example slides from different subject headings are shown to the right.

The International Conference for Effective and

Sustainable Hydraulic Fracturing

20–22 May 2013, The Hilton Brisbane, Australia

The inaugural HF2013 conference aims to advance the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing for the energy producing and mining industries and beyond.

The conference is co-organised and sponsored by CSIRO, the University of Utah's Energy and Geoscience Institute, the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM), the Australian Geomechanics Society (AGS), the American Rock Mechanics Association (ARMA). Gold Sponsorship has been provided by Itasca.

HF2013 is aimed at industry practitioners, academics and regulatory specialists from the energy and mining sectors. The conference programme is designed to explore and recognise the synergies and versatility of hydraulic fracturing in multiple industries, and promote its sustainable use as a key technology into the future.

The programme will include podium or poster presentations that accompany full-length papers, invited presentations, and an exciting line up of keynote speakers that includes Prof Charles Fairhurst, Dr Reinhard Jung, Prof Jim Rice, Mr Mike Vincent, Mr Carl Montgomery, and Dr Norm Warpinski.

Registrations will open soon. (Note that abstract submission for the HF2013 conference is now closed.)

This Symposium is being held to promote integration between geophysics, tectonics and rock mechanics through discussion on the topics related to rock stress at a wide variety of depths, ranging from tens of metres to tens of kilometres.

We are pleased to invite all rock mechanics engineers, researchers and practitioners, as well as geologists, geophysicists and earth scientists.

Contributions are welcome within civil, mining, geothermal, petroleum engineering and earth science. Please join us for this exciting event in Sendai, Japan!

 Frontiers of in situ stress measurements  Integration of stress data and methods  Practical approaches to in situ stress measurements  Excavation in a rock stress field  Deep mining  Storage of carbon dioxide and radioactive waste in the rock stress field  Oil, natural gas and geothermal resource developments and rock stress  Induced seismicity  Rock mass deformation and fluid migration  Earthquakes and stress in the earth's crust

Abstract submittal: 30 November 2012 Notification of abstract acceptance: 31 January 2013 Full paper submittal : 31 May 2013