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Underground Urban Complexes Development in China

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Underground Urban Complexes Development in China UNDERGROUND URBAN COMPLEXES DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA Qian Qihu PLA University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Haifuxiang Nanjing Jiangsu Province, 210007 China. E-mail: [email protected] With China’s rapid urbanization, the population in cities has increased dramatically. Now, the cities are facing some troubles, such as traffic jams, scarcity of resources, etc. Therefore, we must adhere to the concept of sustainable development, building the resource-saving and environment-friendly society and city. Forurban construction and development, one importantaspectistouseundergroundspace. The advantages of underground space utilization were introduced firstly. These advan- tages mainly include land resource conservation, effective restrict urban expansion, ability to develop subway and promote public transport, undertaken of partly urban functions, energy saving, carbon emission reduction, protect open ground space and historical and cultural legacies, etc. In recent years, especially in the 21st century, China’s underground space development and utilization is full of vigor, many cities developed underground space development and utilization planning specifically and constructed urban rail tran- sit lines. With the construction of urban rail transit, rail transit stations have become the gathering places for passengers and cargos, which can also attract commercial and service industries, so that, many stations have become large-scale integrated bodies with transport functions, business functions and service functions. The basic characteristics of the underground complexes are presented, such as, multi- functions were integrated, full-service were served, integrated space and three-dimensional expansion were provided in the complex. These underground complexes have become key links of urban transportation and city’s integrated development. Most of these under- ground complexes are three-dimensional constructed, with full utilization of underground space and urban land conservation. Seamless connectivity between rail (XRL), bus, subway, bus, taxi as well as aviation and other transportation styles can be easily achieved in the integrated bodies. As a result, the travelers can transfer between rail and urban transport conveniently. Fatherly, the rapid aggregation and dispersal of passenger and cargo can be realized which can effectively solve the city’s two-end transportation problems. For these reasons,the underground complexes provide an effective way to solve traffic and develop- ment issues. In China, there have been many large-scale underground complexes, and some ones were detailed introduced in this paper. They are the Expo axis engineering, Beijing South Railway Station, Hongqiao Transportation Hub and Futian Integrated Transporta- tion Hub. In the introduction of Expo Axis project, which is the most important project in the Shang- hai Expo Park, the plan of it, especially the plan of underground construction, was given. Fatherly,the functions of four stories of Expo Axis, including transportation, commercial business, dining, entertainment, exhibition and other services, were described. During the Advances in Underground Space Development – Zhou, Cai & Sterling (eds) Copyright c 2013 by The Society for Rock Mechanics & Engineering Geology (Singapore). Published by Research Publishing ISBN: 978-981-07-3757-3 :: doi:10.3850/978-981-07-3757-3 key7 56 Advances in Underground Space Development 57 description of Beijing South Railway Station, the different functions of five different floors, including two-floors on ground and threes tories underground, were introduced.The rail- way, bus, subway, taxi, motor coach and other urban transport in Beijing South Railway Station was presented. The easily transfer mode for travelers was given, particularly the transfer from railway to subway.In the description for Hongqiao Transportation Hub,which is the world’s largest integrated transport hub, the functions of hub were introduced detailed. Different transfer modes in hub were given, and the measure to make a comfortable transfer space was given as well as. The overview of Futian Integrated Transportation Hub, which is on the line of Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong,was given. The plan of Futian Hub was introduced and the ways to integrate national railway line, intercity rail, urban rail transit and highway traffic and other modes into a hub were presented. Some other large complexes are also mentioned, as well as the People’s Square Engi- neering and Xujiahui Engineering in Shanghai, Wangfujing district, Guomao district and JianwaiSOHO regionin Beijing, Qianjiang New City in Hangzhou, Pearl River New City in Guangzhou and Wangjiadun district in Wuhanetc. Additionally,the connections between different integrated complexes were also described. Some reasonable and appropriate manners were given, such as rapid rail transit, rapid bus, underground expressway etc. With these connections between complexes,the transport in cities can be well integrated from point to plane, and the urban traffic structure and trans- port system can be well improved. All these can facilitate the lives of the residents and save traveling time for them, which can reduce traffic congestion and improve the overall effec- tive of urban traffic delivery. And it will finally play a role in promoting the linkage and development of different centers in urban. The promotion of integrated complex on city’s development was analyzed. Integrate complex can provide a lot of business opportunities and employment channels for the sur- rounding area, and it can fully develop the commercial and service around, bring profound impact on the transportation, business, tourism, communications, logistics, information net- work, real estate of surrounding regions. And gradually,the economic circle with a core of an integrated body can form, and then it will give birth to the formation and development of city’s sub-center, which has become a new driving force for the city’s economic develop- ment and social development. Keywords: Integrated complex; Underground space; Integrate hub..
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