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Public Expenditure Review of the Education Sector in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Public Expenditure Review of the Education Sector in the Democratic Republic of Congo Public Disclosure Authorized Public Expenditure Review of the Education Sector in the Democratic Republic of Congo Public Disclosure Authorized An Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Equity Analysis Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. ACS14542 Democratic Republic of Congo: Education Sector Public Expenditure Review An Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Equity Analysis October, 2015 ii Vice President: Makhtar Diop Country Director: Ahmadou Moustapha Ndiaye Senior Director: Claudia Maria Costin Director: Amit Dar Practice Manager: Peter Nicolas Materu Task Team Leader: Kebede Feda i CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average, 2013) Currency Unit = Congolese Franc US$1 = CDF 920 FISCAL YEAR January 1 – December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ASSONEPA Association Nationale des Ecoles Privées Agréées BAP Brevet d’Aptitude Professionnelle BCECO Bureau Central de la Coordination BIA Benefit Incidence Analysis BMD Bachelors-Masters-Doctorate CAP Certificat d’Aptitude Professionnelle CAT Cellule d’Appui Technique CEP Certificat d’Études Primaires CODR Coordination des Districts CPPSB Comité Permanent de Préparation et de Suivi Budgétaire DEA Diplôme d’Études Approfondies DEA Data Envelopment Analysis DEP Direction des Études et Planification DES Diplôme d’Études Supérieures DMU Decision Making Unit DPSB Direction de la Préparation et du Suivi du Budget DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DSCPR Document de la Stratégie de Croissance et de Réduction de la Pauvreté DTE Decentralized Territorial Entity EAM Écoles des Arts et Métiers ECD Early Child Development ECN École Conventionnée ECOFIRE Commission Économique, Financière et de Reconstruction EFA-FTI Education for All Fast Track Initiative EG Écoles Générales EMIS Education Management Information System EN Écoles Normales ENC École non Conventionnée EP Écoles Professionnelles EPR École Privée EPSP Enseignement Primaire, Secondaire et Professionnel ET Écoles Techniques FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GER Gross Enrollment Ratio GPE Global Partnership for Education GPI Gender Parity Index ii HBS Household Budget Survey HCP Human Capital Projection HDI Human Development Index ICT Information and Communication Technology INS Institut National de la Statistique IRR Internal Rate of Returns ISP Instituts Supérieur Pédagogiques IST Instituts Supérieur Technique MAS Ministère des Affaires Sociales MDG Millennium Development Goals MEPSINC Ministère de l’Enseignement Primaire, Secondaire et de l’Initiation à la Nouvelle Citoyenneté MEPSP Ministère de l’Enseignement Primaire, Secondaire et Professionnel MESU Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et Universitaire METP Ministère de l’Enseignement Technique et Professionnel MTEF Medium-Term Expenditure Framework NER Net Enrollment Ratio PASEC Programme d'Analyse des Systèmes Éducatifs de la CONFEMEN PCR Primary Completion Rate PER Public Expenditures Review PETS Public Expenditure Tracking Survey PIE Plan Intérimaire de l’Éducation PGAI Platforme de Gestion de l’Aide Internationale PROVED Province Educative PRRIS Projet de Réhabilitation et de Reconstruction des Infrastructures Scolaires SECOPE Service de Contrôle de la Paie des Enseignants Sous-PROVED Sous Province Educative SSA Sub-Saharan Africa STR Student Teacher Ratio TENAFEP Test National de Fin d’Études Primaires TVET Technical Vocational Education and Training UGP Unité de Gestion de Projet UNAZA Université Nationale du Zaïre UPE Universal Primary Education WDI World Development Indicator iii Acknowledgments The Public Expenditure Review (PER) of the Education Sector in the Democratic Republic of Congo was prepared by a World Bank Group team consisting of Kebede Feda (Economist, TTL, GEDDR), Tanya Savrimootoo (Consultant, GEDDR), Élisé Wendlassida Miningou (Consultant, GEDDR), and Sabiti Kalindula (Consultant, GEDDR). During the preparation of the report, the team also benefitted from extensive comments and input from Chadi Bou Habib (Sr. Country Economist, GMFDR) for the chapter on Public Expenditure Management and Financial Accountability Review (PEMFAR), as well as on the macroeconomic section of the PER. Franck Adoho (Economist, GPVDR) provided access to household surveys and data files. The team would like to thank Peter Materu (Practice Manager, GEDDR) for his support and guidance during the study; Dung-Kim Pham (Sr. Operations Officer, GEDDR), Luc Laviolette (Program Leader, AFCC2), Kirsten Majgaard (Economist, GEDDR), Hadia Nazem Samaha (Sr. Health Specialist, GHNDR), and Yisgedullish Amde (Country Program Coordinator, AFCCD) for providing useful input during various stages of the study. The team would also like to express its thanks to Lalaina Noelinirina Rasoloharison and Pegdwende Diane Porgo in Washington D.C. and Christelle Tandundu Epuza and Patricia Komina Dele in Kinshasa, DRC, for their support during the missions and preparation of the report. The team would particularly like to thank the education sector stakeholders in the DRC who participated in the workshops, provided valuable qualitative information to supplement the analysis and provided invaluable feedback on the initial draft. While it is not possible to mention the names of each person that provided input, we would like to particularly the following individuals for their contribution: Jean-Marie Mangobe (SECOPE), Jerôme Bokwango (DEP), Gervais Songa-Munyaka and Pa-Kore Bwalankay (Inspection Générale), Mopolo Mokute (Ministère du Plan, PGAI), Fabrice Mansila (CAT), Abeli Jafari and Masikini Mukela (BCECO), Kelotin Muntwambuka (DPSB), Thomas Poirier (Ambassade de France), and Prof. Justin Phoba Mvika (ISC Matadi). The team is also grateful for the partnership with UNICEF and would like to thank its representatives in Kinshasa - Elsa Duret, Nathalie Meyer and Valentina Prosperi - for their contributions during the workshops. Many counterpart staff and focal points participated in the study and helped in the data collection process. The team would particularly like to thank the focal points at the Ministère de l’EPSP, Ministère de l’ESU, Ministère du Budget, Institut National de la Statistique, Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Université Protestante au Congo (UPC), Institut Supérieur de Commerce (ISC) Matadi, l'Institut Supérieur d'Informatique Programmation et Analyse (ISIPA) Matadi, UNICEF and UNESCO for their dedication and contributions. The final version of the education sector PER benefitted from very helpful comments and suggestions from our colleagues Quentin Wodon (Lead Economist, GEDDR) and Atou Seck (Sr. Education Specialist, GEDDR), as well as by Emanuela Di Gropello (Program Leader, AFCW3) who served as peer reviewers for the report. The team is also grateful for the guidance and support provided Ahmadou Moustapha Ndiaye (Country Director, AFCC2) and other staff members in the Country Team. Report edited by Burton Bollag and translated into French by Aude DiPaolantonio. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................................... iv Executive summary ...................................................................................................................................... x I. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 II. Country Context .................................................................................................................................. 3 Demographic context .................................................................................................................... 3 Economic context .......................................................................................................................... 4 III. Education Sector Context .................................................................................................................... 6 Education system evolution and structure .................................................................................. 6 Structure of the education system .............................................................................................. 12 Evolution of sector goals and priorities- education sector strategy .......................................... 15 IV. Education Sector Performance .......................................................................................................... 18 Access (enrollment and out-of-school) ...................................................................................... 18 Internal efficiency ....................................................................................................................... 22 Equity ........................................................................................................................................... 22 Learning outcomes ...................................................................................................................... 24 Literacy, and current educational attainment of the population ............................................. 26 Returns to education ................................................................................................................... 27 Human capital development ....................................................................................................... 29 V. Education Sector Financing .............................................................................................................
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