Chapter 11: Parts of Speech Part I

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Chapter 11: Parts of Speech Part I Nouns Noun – A person, place thing or idea. Persons Bradley Thomas, doctor Places Germany , country, Things laptop , carbon, Google Ideas faith , liberty, courage Compound Noun – A single noun made up of two or more words. One Word grandfather, karate Hyphenated Word fath er-in-law, ju-jitsu Two or More Words Mixed Martial Arts Proper Noun – A particular person, place, thing or idea. Common Noun – A general person place, thing or idea. Common Nouns Proper Nouns boy Richard Paul state Poland religion Buddhism song Come as You Are Concrete Noun – A noun you can perceive with one of your senses. Abstract Noun – A noun you can only perceive with the mind. Concrete Nouns Abstract Nouns picture faith internet joy apples democracy liquid thoughts Collective Noun – A word that names a group. ensemble school swarm pride bunch faculty jury family Pronouns Pronoun – A word that can replace a noun or another pronoun. Personal Pronouns – Refers to: The person speaking (1st) The one spoken to (2nd) The one spoken aBout (3rd) Personal Pronouns Singular Plural First Person I, me, my, mine we, us, our, ours Second Person you, your, yours you, your, yours Third Person he, him, his, she they, them, their her, hers, it, its theirs Reflexive Pronoun – Refers to the subject *IS NEEDED IN THE SENTENCE* Intensive Pronoun – Emphasizes another noun or pronoun *CAN BE TAKEN OUT OF THE SENTENCE* Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns First Person myself, ourselves Second Person yourself, yourselves himself, herself, itself, Third Person themselves Demonstrative Pronoun – Points to a particular noun. *If these words appear next to the word they are describing they are DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES.* Demonstrative Pronouns this that these those Interrogative Pronoun – Introduces/begins a question Interrogative Pronouns what which who whom whose Indefinite Pronoun – Refers to a non-particular noun. Indefinite Pronouns all each many nobody other any either more none several anyone everything most no one some both few much one somebody Relative Pronoun – Begins a subordinate clause. *Forms a “chunK” (clause) of words that describes AND can be removed from the sentence.* Relative Pronouns that which who whom whose Adjectives Adjective – A word that is used to descriBe/modify a noun or pronoun. Which One or How Much or What Kind? Ones? How Many? Polish children eighth grade several wings lazy doctor these towns ten sandwiches dyed hair any person no excuses Articles – Three particular words that are ALWAYS adjectives. Articles Definite the Indefinite an, a Demonstrative Adjectives – Words that look like pronouns but act as adjectives. Demonstrative Adjectives this that these those *If these words appear next to the word they are describing then they are adjectives.* *If these words appear next to a linKing verb then they are usually pronouns.* Proper Adjective – Adjective made from a proper noun. Proper Nouns Proper Adjectives Halloween Halloween party Catholicism Catholic priest Middle East Middle Eastern county Africa African city .

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“The Relative Pronoun” As Has Been the Case in the Last Several Chapters
CHAPTER 17 “Te Relatve Pronoun” As has been te case in te last several chaptrs, tis chaptr realy doesn’t confont te neophyt wit a lot of new grammatcal concepts; it builds on knowledge already mastred. Stl it’s going t take a litle patence, but we’l go slowly. Before we get t te relatve pronoun per se, we’re going t clean up a syntactcal point you’ve already been working wit, but may not have yet a firm conceptual understanding of. Let’s look at what we mean by a “clause”. THE CLAUSE You al remember te junior high school definiton of a sentnce: it’s a complet tought. And by tat we mean a tought which includes a noun, eiter expressed or implied, and a verb, eiter expressed or implied. Tat is, a complet tought must involve someting which is doing someting or which is being held up for descripton: “Te road is blocked”; “Te tee fel down”; and so on. Now, te human mind is a wonderfl ting. It reasons and perceives dozens of different kinds relatonships between events, tings, and ideas. It arranges events and facts logicaly and tmporaly, and in levels of priorit. Tat is t say, it takes two or more tings, tings which are separat ideas, separat visions, and weaves tem tgeter conceptualy and linguistcaly int what we “reasoning”. Te way tis reasoning is expressed in language is caled “syntax”, which litraly means “arranging tgeter”; puting tgeter events and tings and facts. For example, te two separat ideas or visions -- “te road is blocked” and “te tee fel down” -- might have a causal relatonship, which te mind instantly recognizes and expresses linguistcaly wit an appropriat conjuncton: “Te road is blocked because te tee fel down”.
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Participial Relative Clauses
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Participial Relative Clauses Sleeman, P. DOI 10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.185 Publication date 2017 Document Version Other version Published in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Sleeman, P. (2017). Participial Relative Clauses. In M. Aronoff (Ed.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics [185] (Oxford Research Encyclopedias). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.185 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:01 Oct 2021 Participial relative clauses Petra Sleeman Sleeman, P. Mar 2017, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Aronoff, M. (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, (Oxford Research Encyclopedias). Summary Relative clauses of which the predicate contains a present, past or passive participle can be used in a reduced form.
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Automatic Recognition of Relative Clauses with Missing Relative Pronoun
Deseret Language and Linguistic Society Symposium Volume 15 Issue 1 Article 14 3-14-1989 Automatic Recognition of Relative Clauses with Missing Relative Pronoun Kenton L. Chauncey Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/dlls BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Chauncey, Kenton L. (1989) "Automatic Recognition of Relative Clauses with Missing Relative Pronoun," Deseret Language and Linguistic Society Symposium: Vol. 15 : Iss. 1 , Article 14. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/dlls/vol15/iss1/14 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Deseret Language and Linguistic Society Symposium by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Automatic Recognition of Relative Clauses with Missing Relative Pronoun 1 Kenton L. Chauncey Brigham Young University As I was pondering my thesis topic a few years ago, Professor Skousen suggested that I do an analysis of the Tagged Brown Corpus. I told him that I wanted to do a thesis in linguistics and that I didn't know anything about performing autopsies. He said it wouldn't really be an autopsy, since the Brown Corpus isn't really dead yet, although it is getting old. So I asked him what the body tag was for. He said it wasn't a body tag; it was grammatical tags. For those of you unfamiliar with the Brown Corpus, it is a corpus of about a million word~ compiled at Brown University (hence the name) by Nelson Francis and Henry Kucera in the early 1960s.
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The Use of Personal Pronouns in Political Speeches a Comparative Study of the Pronominal Choices of Two American Presidents
School of Language and Literature G3, Bachelors’ Course English Linguistics Course Code: 2EN10E Supervisor: Ibolya Maricic Credits: 15 Examiner: Charlotte Hommerberg Date: May 28, 2012 The Use of Personal Pronouns in Political Speeches A comparative study of the pronominal choices of two American presidents Jessica Håkansson ! !"#$%&'$( The study investigates the pronominal choices made by George W Bush and Barack Obama in their State of the Union speeches. The main focus of the study is on determining whom the two presidents refer to when they use the pronouns I, you, we and they, and to compare the differences in pronominal usage by the two presidents. The results suggest that the pronominal choices of the presidents do not differ significantly. The results also indicate that the pronoun I is used when the speaker wants to speak as an individual rather than as a representative of a group. You is used both as generic pronoun as well as a way for the President to speak to the Congress, without speaking on their behalf. The pronoun we is used to invoke a sense of collectivity and to share responsibility, in most cases it refers to the President and the Congress. They is used to separate self from other; whom the speaker refers to while using they varied greatly between the speakers. The study also showed that the pronominal choices and whom the pronouns refer to vary greatly depending on the context of the speech. Since a great deal of studies on pronominal choices in political interviews and debates already exist, this study can be regarded as significant because it deals with prepared speeches rather than interviews and debates.
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Unit 2: Talking About Our Relationship with Other People
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A Case Study in Language Change
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Instruct Practice Prepare
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Relative Clauses
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Past Participle Relative Clause
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The Formation of the Relative Pronoun
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Basic English Writing: a Classroom Experiment in Student-Oriented Design and Textbook Fan-Yu In, Feng Chia University, Taiwan, R.O.C
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