13/11/2015 Thai Trade Center, Mumbai

 Introduction

India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 13.7% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in 2013, about 50% of the total workforce. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India.

India exported $39 billion worth of agricultural products in 2013, making it the seventh largest agricultural exporter worldwide, and the sixth largest net exporter. Most of its agriculture exports serve the developing and least developed nations of the world.

India is the world's largest producer of many fresh fruits and vegetables, milk, major spices, select fibrous crops such as jute, several staples such as millets and castor oil seed. India is the second largest producer of wheat and rice, the world's major food staples.

India is also the world's second or third largest producer of several dry fruits, agriculture-based textile raw materials, roots and tuber crops, pulses, farmed fish, eggs, coconut, sugarcane and numerous vegetables. India ranked within the world's five largest producers of over 80% of agricultural produce items, including many cash crops such as coffee and cotton, in 2010.

India is also one of the world's five largest producers of livestock and poultry meat, with one of the fastest growth rates, as of 2011.

Demographic information on India.

 Capital City - New Delhi.  Largest City - Mumbai.  Total Area - 3,287,590 Square Kilometer.  Population 2015 -1,276,267,000.  Density 2015 - 385.0/ Per Sq Kilometer.  GDP 2015 - 8.027 trillion US $.  Currency - Indian Rupees.  Official languages - Hindi, English.  Religion -79.8% Hindu / 14.2% Muslim / 2.3% Christian / 1.7% Sikh and others  Rice Production and Consumption in India

 India is one of the world's largest producers of white rice and brown rice, accounting for 20% of all world rice production. Rice is India's pre-eminent crop, and is the staple food of the people of the eastern and southern parts of the country.

Graph 1 : Production of Rice in India

 Top rice producing states are and . However, since it can be grown in all types of soil, almost all states of India have areas under rice cultivation. As per the fourth Advance Estimates for 2013-14, the production of rice in India is 106.5 million tones and the estimates for 2015 are around 110. Million tones.  Rice covers one third of total cultivated area of India and provides food to more than half of the Indian population. This makes it India’s largest produced food crop both by area under cultivation as well as production. India is second largest producer of rice after China; produces one fifth of the world’s rice; and is largest exporter of rice.  The regions cultivating this crop in India is distinguished as the western coastal strip, the eastern coastal strip, covering all the primary deltas, plains and surrounding low hills, foothills and region- along the and states like West Bengal, , eastern Uttar Pradesh, eastern , northern and Orissa.  India, being a land of eternal growing season, and the deltas of River, , and River with a thick set-up of canal irrigation, permits farmers to raise two, and in some pockets, even three crops a year.  With stagnant domestic production of rice and growing local consumption, exports can decline from current 10 million tonnes to just about 5-6 million tonnes by 2020,” says Shiva Mudgil, senior analyst, food and agribusiness research and advisory, at Rabobank.  Branded rice in the overall domestic rice marke rice market is small in terms of volume, in terms of value it is expected in increase by $1.1 billion to reach $3.5 billion by 2017.  Consumption of branded rice is growing in both southern as well as northern India. However, the grains being sold in the south are smaller in size are mainly non-Basmati. With more rice companies investing in creating a brand, rice is no longer seen as just another commodity.

Graph 1 : Consumption of Rice in India  In last four years which is from 2012-2015, the CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of leading Indian rice companies has ranged between 20% and 30%, thanks to exports, growth of branded segment and modern retail.

 Any rice other than basmati rice is named as non- basmati rice. In the world it has been reported that there are 10000 varieties of rice and out of which the maximum number are in India. The country has exported 82,74,046.06 MT of Non Basmati Rice to the world for the worth of Rs. 20,428.51 crores during the year 2014-15.

 The areas of Basmati Rice production in India are in the states of J & K, Himanchal Pradesh, , , Delhi, and western Uttar Pradesh. The main varieties of Basmati rice as notified under the seeds Act, 1966 are Basmati 386 , Basmati 217 , Ranbir Basmati , Karnal Local/ Taraori Basmati, Basmati 370, Type-3 (Dehradooni Basmati), Pusa Basmati-1, Pusa Basmati 1121, Punjab Basmati-1, Haryana Basmati- 1, Kasturi and Mahi Sugandha.

 In 2014, India shared the top spot in rice exports with Thailand. Though the consumption pattern of Indians is shifting from cereals towards protein-rich diets, among cereals, the traction is towards better quality products. This is reflected in consumer shift towards packaged, branded products with better colour, grain size and post cooking attributes like aroma and taste.  Top 10 Largest Rice Producing States In India

Rice is an important crop and consumed widely across the globe as a staple food. India is among the leading rice producers in the world and stand at 2nd position in the world. India produces rice in a large quantity and in the last financial year, rice production crossed the mark of 100 Million Tonnes.

Production (In Lakh Tonnes) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Production (In Lakh Tonnes) 0

Graph 3 : Production State Wise

This post describes about the Top 10 Largest Rice Producing States in India:

1. WEST BENGAL With a production of 146.05 Lakh Tonnes, West Bengal is the highest wheat producing state in India. Rice is grown in a large area in West Bengal in more than 50 Lakh Hectares of land, which is about 50% of total cultivated land of the state. Rice is grown in three different seasons in West Bengal, that include Winter, Autumn and Summer. Production: 146.05 Lakh Tonnes.

2. UTTAR PRADESH Uttar Pradesh is another leading rice producer in India and placed at 2nd in the list of top 10 largest rice producing states in India. Rice is consumed widely in Uttar Pradesh and grown in an area of more than 59 Lakh Hectares. Production: 140.22 Lakh Tonnes

3. ANDHRA PRADESH With production of 128.95 Lakh Tonnes, Andhra Pradesh is next on this list. Andhra Pradesh is another leading producer of rice in the country and hold a share of more than 12% in total rice production of the country. Production: 128.95 Lakh Tonnes. 4. PUNJAB Punjab is not only a leading wheat producer, but also among the highest rice producing states in India. Rice is an important crop in Punjab and grown in more than 28 Lakh hectares of cultivated land. Basmati, the best quality of rice known for its great taste and aroma is grown widely in Punjab. Punjab account for about 10% of total rice production in the country. Production: 105.42 Lakh Tonnes

5. Tamil Nadu stands in 5th place in this list with production of 74.58 Lakh Tonnes. Tamil Nadu holds a share of about 7% of total rice production in the country and area under rice cultivation exceed the mark of 19 Lakh Hectares. Production: 74.58 Lakh Tonnes

6. BIHAR With production of 71.62 Lakh Tonnes, Bihar is ranked 6th in the list of top 10 largest rice producing states in India. The area in which rice is grown in Bihar is more than 33 Lakh Hectares of cultivated land. Production: 71.62 Lakh Tonnes

7. Next state in this list is Chhattisgarh, which contribute more than 5% in total rice production in the country. Rice is the most important crop in Chhattisgarh and grown in an area of more than 37 Lakh Hecatres. Production: 60.28 Lakh Tonnes

8. 8th position is occupied by Odisha, which contribute more than 5% in total rice production in the country. Rice is a major crop in Odisha, which is grown in more than 65% of total cultivated area. Production: 58.07 Lakh Tonnes

9. ASSAM One of the Seven Sister States in India, Assam is next on this list, which produces a large quantity of rice. Chokuwa, Joha and Bora are the special varieties of rice grown in Assam. Rice is an important and highly consumed crop in Assam, which is grown in an area of more than 25 Lakh Hectares. Production: 45.16 Lakh Tonnes

10. KARNATAKA Karnataka stand in 10th place in the list of top 10 largest rice producing states in India. Rice is grown in areas of more than 14 Lakh Hectares and some of the rice growing area are Mangalore, Coorg, Belgaum, Udupi, Tumkur, Mysore and Bellary. Karnataka has a yield of more than 2,700 Kg/Hectare and account for more than 3% share in total rice production in the country. Production: 39.55 Lakh Tonnes

Source : http://listz.in/top-10-rice-producing-states-in-india.html  Export/ Imports

 India Exports of Rice to the World in Value.

Sep-Dec 15 HS Description Jan-Dec 2012 Jan-Dec 2013 Jan-Dec 2014 Jan-Aug 2015 Estimates 1006 Rice 6129.495718 7475.518171 8030.34838 4613.406364 2305.32

100630 Semi/Wholly Milled 5712.589664 7093.04649 7661.675536 4306.67313 2103.728 10063020 Basmati Rice 3272.959276 4665.560561 4772.259713 2706.987223 1230.7328 10063010 Rice Parboiled 1842.590472 1715.742851 1705.527481 1009.352752 429.512 Semi-milled or 260.3712 10063090 wholly milled long 597.039917 711.743081 1183.888344 590.333151 grain rice Millions of US $

 India Exports of Rice to the World in Quantity.

Sept-Dec Description Jan-Dec 12 - Jan-Dec 13 - Jan-Dec 14 - Jan -Aug 15 15 Estimates 1006 Rice 10,550,369,053 KG 10,590,999,450 KG 11,586,734,266 KG 7904863161 KG 3908348211 Semi/Wholly 3102641211 100630 9,313,778,644 KG 9,413,525,059 KG 10,413,422,815 KG 6859800452 KG Milled 10063020 Basmati Rice 3,396,421,670 KG 3,783,338,732 KG 3,583,328,729 KG 2808107520 KG 1308157627

10063010 Rice Parboiled 4,550,656,532 KG 4,093,711,048 KG 4,067,833,968 KG 2663009181 KG 1263209181 Semi-milled or 688173757 10063090 wholly milled 1,366,700,442 KG 1,536,475,279 KG 2,762,260,118 KG 1388683751 KG long grain rice

 India’s Exports of Rice to the World. Millions of US $ Rank Country - Jan-Dec 2012 Jan-Dec 2013 Jan-Dec 2014 Jan- Aug 2015 1 Saudi Arabia - 721.894195 1009.11218 1378.596895 841.373963 2 Iran - 882.490591 2037.21655 1284.13354 536.313065 3 Bangladesh - 11.704115 113.99291 485.623019 159.688148 4 United Arab Emirates 467.826097 315.618204 412.54476 367.463253 5 Kuwait - 200.925324 239.813662 299.210375 189.905708 6 Iraq - 216.659449 272.846958 270.490393 209.135237 7 Benin - 194.655382 565.169796 256.281753 113.695692 8 Yemen - 169.614643 211.293353 244.009172 120.835775 9 Sri Lanka - 4.103655 2.909733 229.452616 81.943779 10 Qatar - 88.618287 54.789045 207.795928 71.092505 90 Thailand - 0.447623 0.765464 1.308748 1.174469 Source : Ministry of Commerce  India Imports of Rice to the World in Value.

Millions of US $ Sep-Dec 15 HS Description Jan-Dec 2012 Jan-Dec 2013 Jan-Dec 14 Jan-Aug 2015 Estimates 0.48268 1006 Rice 0.571479 1.291007 1.664938 0.108078 0.48268 100630 Semi/Wholly Milled 0.570028 1.288799 1.447919 0.108078 Semi-milled or wholly 0.48268 10063090 milled long grain rice 0.549381 1.288799 1.447919 0.108078 0 10063010 Rice Parboiled 0.020647 0 0 0

 India Imports of Rice to the World in Quantity.

Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Aug Sep-Dec 15 HS Description 12 - 13 - Jan-Dec 14 - 15 Estimates 1006 Rice 539,084 KG 1,343,139 KG 1,817,016 KG 122000 KG 59000 KG 100630 Semi/Wholly Milled 538,112 KG 1,322,079 KG 1,513,448 KG 122000 KG 59000 KG Semi-milled or 10063090 wholly milled long grain rice 516,872 KG 1,322,079 KG 1,513,448 KG 122000 KG 59000 KG 10063010 Rice Parboiled 21,240 KG 0 0 0 0

 India’s Imports of Rice from the World.

Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Rank Country - Jan-Aug 15 2012 2013 2014 1 Spain - 0.138535 0.640988 0.787206 0.366629 2 Thailand - 0.147494 0.415883 0.468974 0.277875 3 United States - 0.154581 0.087329 0.28401 0.114791 4 Italy - 0.07689 0.092972 0.088295 0.104232 5 Netherlands - 0 0 0.021609 0 6 Japan - 0.02532 0.02964 0.014845 0 7 United Kingdom - 0.000134 0.02104 0 0.062196 8 Afghanistan - 0 0.002208 0 0 9 United Arab Emirates - 0.021007 0.000951 0 0 10 Vietnam - 0.007414 0 0 0 11 Turkey - 0.000105 0 0 0 Source: Ministry of Commerce Source : http://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/

Price of Rice in India per Kilogram – (November 2015)

1 – Basmati Rice Average selling price is Rs 150 – Rs. 200 depending on the quality and type of rice.

2 – Non Basmati Rice : Average selling price is Rs. 75 – Rs. 130 depending on the quality and type of rice.

3 – Par Boiled Rice : Average selling price is Rs.40 Rs.60 Approx.

4 - Semi-milled or wholly milled long grain rice Average selling price is Rs 120 – Rs. 170 depending on the quality and type of rice.

Note : Prices are subject to changes as per the demand and supply conditions in the market Market Production Domestic Consumption Exports Imports Year (1000 MT) (1000 MT) (1000 MT) (1000 MT)

1960 34639 35473 67 401 1961 35663 36064 2 403 1962 33217 33722 5 510 1963 36998 36130 3 635 1964 39308 37531 3 726 1965 30589 31371 3 785 1966 30438 32893 0 455 1967 37612 37058 0 446 1968 39761 40033 15 487

1969 40430 41309 27 206 1970 42225 41512 20 307 1971 43068 43541 10 133 1972 39245 40780 15 0 1973 44051 43181 35 65 1974 39579 43502 18 155 1975 48740 43646 38 230 1976 41917 43436 23 42 1977 52617 49484 143 10 1978 53773 50333 450 10 1979 42330 45910 425 5 1980 53631 53301 900 70 1981 53248 54083 675 10 1982 47116 48496 200 80 1983 60097 58227 220 850 1984 58337 56687 160 10 1985 63825 62080 250 5 1986 60416 60071 350 5 1987 56862 59312 200 650 1988 70489 65689 450 650 1989 73573 71123 500 50 1990 74291 73091 700 0 1991 74680 74595 600 15 1992 72868 75273 650 55 1993 80300 76050 750 0 1994 81810 77660 4150 0 1995 76980 76280 3700 0 1996 81730 81630 2100 0 1997 82540 77552 4000 12 1998 86080 81234 3350 4 1999 89680 82650 1400 86 2000 84980 75960 1685 0 2001 93340 87611 6300 0 2002 71820 79860 5440 0 2003 88530 85630 3100 0 2004 83130 80861 4569 0 2005 91790 85088 4688 6 2006 93350 86700 5740 0 2007 96690 90466 4654 0 2008 99180 91090 2090 0 2009 89090 85508 2082 0

2010 95980 90206 2774 0 2011 105310 93334 10376 0 2012 105240 94031 10869 0 2013 106540 99180 10149 0 2014 102500 99351 9000 0 Source : http://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) – Set up by the Indian Government

The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) was established by the Government of India under the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority Act passed by the Parliament in December, 1985. The Act (2 of 1986) came into effect from 13th February, 1986 by a notification issued in the Gazette of India: Extraordinary: Part-II [Sec. 3(ii): 13.2.1986). The Authority replaced the Processed Food Export Promotion Council (PFEPC).

Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India) Address : 3rd Floor, NCUI Building 3, Siri Institutional Area, August Kranti Marg, (Opp. Asiad Village), New Delhi - 110 016, India Phone : 91-11-26513204, 26534870, 26850301 Fax : 91-11-26526187 Web : http://apeda.gov.in/

Report Prepared by Thai Trade Center, Mumbai

Sources :

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_production_in_India  http://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=in&commodity=milled- rice&graph=domestic-consumption