A Souvenir for My Friend Pine St

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Souvenir for My Friend Pine St Aaron Ziegelman Foundation collection (AFC 2003/002) American Folklife Center, Library of Congress http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.afc/eadafc.af014007 Folder No. New Photo ID Original Description 1 Original Description 2 Note Source "A souvenir for my friend Pine St. Puny (?) in eternal friendship." (Polish) Might be 818 PH0001 Group of girls, 1935 nickname for Pinkhas. School uniforms? Pinkhas, Guz Yitzhak Grimatlicht on a 818 PH0002 bicycle, 1936 Near apple orchard? Pinkhas, Guz Yaateov Horowitz and an unidentified woman. May 3, 818 PH0003 1938 Photo by S. Bialy Pinkhas, Guz 3 unidentified boys at the edge of a lake or river. July 2, 818 PH0004 1939 Snapshot Pinkhas, Guz Portrait of Pinkhas Guz, "A souvenir from Dzhalat-Dbael, Krupodelnik and another Friday June 19, 1942. (Signed) Translate Russian 818 PH0005 young man, June 19, 1942 Pinkhas Guz." inscription Pinkhas, Guz One may be guz. Portrait of 2 young men, Translate Russ. 818 PH0006 1946. Inscription Pinkhas, Guz Portrait of a young girl, May 27, 1945, Karaganda. "For everlasting and kind remembrance. To Pyetya from Lena." (Russian 818 PH0007 inscription) Pinkhas, Guz Informal portrait of a group of Some wear young men and women. armbands. One may 818 PH0008 Minsk, May 17, 1946 be Guz. Pinkhas, Guz Group portrait of members of the soccer team of the Lubome Z.K.S. - Jewish Center; in suit, tie, and glasses; Standing, 4th from r: 819 PH0009 Sports Club. Ca. 1933-34 Yossef Weisstrucht (Karpus). Moshe Shlivo (Shalev) Shalev, Moshe 2nd row from top, to the right of girl in plaid bow, above boy in eye glasses: Chaim Uberman, a Snapshot of Betar members Betar leader. To Uberman's left, at a meeting of Keren Tel Hai with buttoned shirt: Hetman, 819 PH0010 [Tel Hai Fund]. Dec. 21, 1935 Betar leader. Shalev, Moshe Moshe Shlivo (Shalev) in the field where the Nazis later executed some of the town's 819 PH0011 Jewish intelligentsia, 1936. (Right) Church. Shalev, Moshe Moshe Shlivo (Shalev), 1936, 819 PH0012 next to the Great Synagogue Shalev, Moshe Moshe Shlivo (Shalev) next to the Great Synagogue, August 819 PH0013 1936 Shalev, Moshe Rivka Shlivo, now Karpus, in 819 PH0014 Pinsk, 1948 Shalev, Moshe Identity card from Israel belonging to Moshe Shlivo 819 PH0015 (Shalev) Shalev, Moshe Snapshot of unidentified 820 PH0016 woman, ca. 1930s. Elfand, F. Unidentified woman near a 820 PH0017 car, ca. 1930s Might be in U.S. Elfand, F. Portrait of Srulik Elfand's wife Esther and their daughter 3.3-5: Elfand family 820 PH0018 Friedka See also 6.4 Elfand, F. 3.3-5:Elfand family 820 PH0019 Portrait of Srulik Elfand See also 6.4 Elfand, F. Portrait of Frieda Elfand, 3.3-5: Elfand family 820 PH0020 daughter of Srulik and Esther See also 6.4 Elfand, F. Studio portrait of Shimel and 821 PH0021 Chaya Tova Lerner Efrat, Moshe Aaron Ziegelman Foundation collection (AFC 2003/002) American Folklife Center, Library of Congress http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.afc/eadafc.af014007 Studio portrait of David Mekler Previously in "Krynicy" 821 PH0022 and wife, 1933 folder Efrat, Moshe Portrait of unidentified young Previously in "Krynicy" 821 PH0023 man folder Efrat, Moshe Efroim Lerner (Froike) with mother (front). Moshe Reizman and wife (couple at left), in resort town of Krynica, Previously in "Krynica" 821 PH0024 1926. folder Efrat, Moshe Efroim Lerner's mother (right) and another woman, in the Previously in "Krynica" 821 PH0025 resort of Krynica, 1926. folder Efrat, Moshe Members of the Mekler family: Previously in "Krynica" 821 PH0026 Yisrael, Leybl, Devorah folder Efrat, Moshe Group portrait: Eli Lerner and wife; Efroim Lerner; Rintze, Chaim, Moyshe, and Bat- Previously in "Krynica" 821 PH0027 Sheva Mekler, 1930s folder Efrat, Moshe Children posing with a doll for a portrait in a wooded area, ca. 1930s. (1)Frieda Wolwushes; (2) Esther Wolwushes; (3)Ellea Ziegelbaum 822 PH0028 Wolwushes Ingber, Miriam The 3 Ziegelbaum children (?) posing in a window. L-R: Feyga, Leybe, Miriam, ca. Ziegelbaum 822 PH0029 1930s Photo by Krojn Ingber, Miriam Miriam Ziegelbaum Inger and Miriam wears the Ziegelbaum 822 PH0030 four friends, 1930s. striped tie at right. Ingber, Miriam Studio portrait of 2 women Ziegelbaum 822 PH0031 and a man, 1930s Ingber, Miriam Leah Wolwushes in a garden near the Church or Synagogue, 1936. Inscribed to her brother with wishes for Ziegelbaum 822 PH0032 a good year. Ingber, Miriam "Memento. I am offering my photograph as a sign of sincere friendship to my dear cousine, Polish to be A group of young men posing "Mizone" (?). David." Luboml, translated. What is Ziegelbaum 822 PH0033 on an outdoor stairway, 1937 August 17, 1937 monument at right? Ingber, Miriam Miriam Ziegelbaum saying goodbye to a friend at a railroad station, as she Others in Miriam's Ziegelbaum 822 PH0034 departs for Israel, 1937 aliyah series: 5.9-13 Ingber, Miriam Feyga Ziegelbaum Bubes, posing with her 7-month-old son Efroim, outside a wooden Inscribed to her sister Ziegelbaum 822 PH0035 house, 1938. Miriam. Ingber, Miriam Miriam Ziegelbaum Unger, on the eve of her departure for Palestine in 1937, posing with a friend near a church in the Others in aliyah Ziegelbaum 822 PH0036 snow. series: 5.7, 5.10-13 Ingber, Miriam On the eve of her departure for Palestine in 1937, Miriam Ziegelbaum Unger says goodbye to her friend Others in aliyah Shoshana near a church in series: 5.7, 5.9, 5.11- Ziegelbaum 822 PH0037 the snow. 13 Ingber, Miriam Miriam Ziegelbaum Unger, saying goodbye to a man in the snow near a church, on Others in aliyah the eve of her departure for series: 5.7, 5.9-10, Ziegelbaum 822 PH0038 Palestine, 1937 5.12-13 Ingber, Miriam Aaron Ziegelman Foundation collection (AFC 2003/002) American Folklife Center, Library of Congress http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.afc/eadafc.af014007 On the eve of Miriam Ziegelbaum Ingber's departure for Palestine in Others in aliyah 1937: Miriam saying goodbye series: 5.7, 5.9-11, Ziegelbaum 822 PH0039 to Leah Wolwushes 5.13 Ingber, Miriam Miriam Ziegelbaum Unger (L) and friends, 1937. Signed on back by Perl; Anna:and Shoshana Melamed, who wish their "best friend" farewell as she departs for Others in aliyah Ziegelbaum 822 PH0040 Palestine. series: 5.7, 5.9-13 Ingber, Miriam 3 men posing outside a thatch- Inscribed to Miriam by Ziegelbaum 822 PH0041 roofed house, 1939. her brother Ingber, Miriam Tsvi, Mines, Esther and Nili Ziegelbaum 822 PH0042 Wolwushes posing on a street Ingber, Miriam Portrait in a lumberyard: (L-R) Leybe Ziegelbaum, Miriam Ziegelbaum Unger, Feyga Ziegelbaum Bubes, Shilom Ziegelbaum 822 PH0043 Bubes Ingber, Miriam Portrait of Auraham Ziegelbaum, his wife Rokhe, and their children, Feyga, Leybe, and Miriam, ca. late Ziegelbaum 822 PH0044 1920s Ingber, Miriam Efroim Bubes, son of Sholom and Feyga, in a baby Ziegelbaum 822 PH0045 carriage, ca 1938 Ingber, Miriam Group portrait of teachers and students of a Polish public school, 1930s. The teacher, Ziegelbaum 822 PH0046 Mr. _____ Reif stands at left Ingber, Miriam Group portrait of teachers and students of a Polish public 2nd row from top, left: Ziegelbaum 822 PH0047 school, 1930s. Frieda Wolwushes Ingber, Miriam Girl students of a Polish public school, posing with a teacher near wooden, thatch- Ziegelbaum 822 PH0048 roof houses, 1930s Ingber, Miriam A group of young men posing with wine for a Passover 823 PH0049 greeting card. 1919 Roz, Bella Portrait of Hersh Blumen known as the "Kirsher" 823 PH0050 Shoykhet (ritual slaughter). Roz, Bella Year transcribed in New Year's Card portrait of Hebrew. Tree Medel and Rochl Frechter. probably symbolizes 823 PH0051 Photo by D. Blusztejn "tree of life" Roz, Bella An elderly woman with an old- fashioned bonnet: Mindel, 823 PH0052 mother of Srulik Elfand 3.3-3.5 - Elfand family Roz, Bella Portrait of Avraham 823 PH0053 Royznman (Roz) Roz, Bella Snapshot of the Royznman Taken on same day 823 PH0054 family, ca. 1930s. as 6.7 Roz, Bella Snapshot of Avraham Royzman (Roz) with his taken on same day as 823 PH0055 mother, ca. 1930s 6.6 Roz, Bella Aaron Ziegelman Foundation collection (AFC 2003/002) American Folklife Center, Library of Congress http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.afc/eadafc.af014007 Avraham Royznman (Roz) 2nd from r., and a group of friends on a Luboml Street, Polish school on Slowackiego at 823 PH0056 1930s left. Roz, Bella Avraham Royznman (Roz) 823 PH0057 and friends ice-skating, 1930s Royzn is 1st from left Roz, Bella Avraham Royznman (Roz) 1st from right, and 2 others on a Slowackiego St. Polish school at 823 PH0058 Luboml Street, 1930s Left Roz, Bella Yevakhmiel Szaintop Avraham Royznman (Roz) at Binyomin right with 3 friends on a Rosenzweig, Yosef 823 PH0059 Luboml lane, 1930s. Fuehs Roz, Bella Also in photo: Yevakhmiel Avraham Royznman (Roz) Szaintop Eliahu-Yisrael Terner and friends near a storefront, (3rd from left?), Isaac Polish film poster. 823 PH0060 1930s. Royzn is at right. Frimerman, Chaim Feller Same as 8.22 Roz, Bella Avraham Royznman (Roz) at left, and 2 friends, Yosef Fuchs and Yitzhak 823 PH0061 Grimatlicht, 1930s Roz, Bella Portrait of Zalmen Fisher, a young man, with a Hebrew or Yiddish poem to be Yiddish newspaper rolled up translated - see xerox Blau Weiner, 824 PH0062 in his hand, 1922 file for full translation Nechama Outdoor portrait of young zionists, 1925. Inscribed to Rivka Weiner by Zalmen Seated, 2nd from right: Zalmen Fisher. (Hebrew) "Remember - Fisher. Standing, first from right: look at the pioneer passing in Feivel Dreksler, who became a Blau Weiner, 824 PH0063 front of the people." director. Nechama Portrait of Efraim Gellord with Inscribed to Zeev Blau Weiner, 824 PH0064 a riding crop, 1919 Weiner Nechama I'm sending you a bad copy of my face and hope that you believe the original is better.
Recommended publications
  • Jews on Route to Palestine 1934-1944. Sketches from the History of Aliyah
    JEWS ON ROUTE TO PALESTINE 1934−1944 JAGIELLONIAN STUDIES IN HISTORY Editor in chief Jan Jacek Bruski Vol. 1 Artur Patek JEWS ON ROUTE TO PALESTINE 1934−1944 Sketches from the History of Aliyah Bet – Clandestine Jewish Immigration Jagiellonian University Press Th e publication of this volume was fi nanced by the Jagiellonian University in Krakow – Faculty of History REVIEWER Prof. Tomasz Gąsowski SERIES COVER LAYOUT Jan Jacek Bruski COVER DESIGN Agnieszka Winciorek Cover photography: Departure of Jews from Warsaw to Palestine, Railway Station, Warsaw 1937 [Courtesy of National Digital Archives (Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe) in Warsaw] Th is volume is an English version of a book originally published in Polish by the Avalon, publishing house in Krakow (Żydzi w drodze do Palestyny 1934–1944. Szkice z dziejów alji bet, nielegalnej imigracji żydowskiej, Krakow 2009) Translated from the Polish by Guy Russel Torr and Timothy Williams © Copyright by Artur Patek & Jagiellonian University Press First edition, Krakow 2012 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any eletronic, mechanical, or other means, now know or hereaft er invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers ISBN 978-83-233-3390-6 ISSN 2299-758X www.wuj.pl Jagiellonian University Press Editorial Offi ces: Michałowskiego St. 9/2, 31-126 Krakow Phone: +48 12 631 18 81, +48 12 631 18 82, Fax: +48 12 631 18 83 Distribution: Phone: +48 12 631 01 97, Fax: +48 12 631 01 98 Cell Phone: + 48 506 006 674, e-mail: [email protected] Bank: PEKAO SA, IBAN PL80 1240 4722 1111 0000 4856 3325 Contents Th e most important abbreviations and acronyms ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Aliyah and Settlement Process?
    Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel HBI SERIES ON JEWISH WOMEN Shulamit Reinharz, General Editor Joyce Antler, Associate Editor Sylvia Barack Fishman, Associate Editor The HBI Series on Jewish Women, created by the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute, pub- lishes a wide range of books by and about Jewish women in diverse contexts and time periods. Of interest to scholars and the educated public, the HBI Series on Jewish Women fills major gaps in Jewish Studies and in Women and Gender Studies as well as their intersection. For the complete list of books that are available in this series, please see www.upne.com and www.upne.com/series/BSJW.html. Ruth Kark, Margalit Shilo, and Galit Hasan-Rokem, editors, Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel: Life History, Politics, and Culture Tova Hartman, Feminism Encounters Traditional Judaism: Resistance and Accommodation Anne Lapidus Lerner, Eternally Eve: Images of Eve in the Hebrew Bible, Midrash, and Modern Jewish Poetry Margalit Shilo, Princess or Prisoner? Jewish Women in Jerusalem, 1840–1914 Marcia Falk, translator, The Song of Songs: Love Lyrics from the Bible Sylvia Barack Fishman, Double or Nothing? Jewish Families and Mixed Marriage Avraham Grossman, Pious and Rebellious: Jewish Women in Medieval Europe Iris Parush, Reading Jewish Women: Marginality and Modernization in Nineteenth-Century Eastern European Jewish Society Shulamit Reinharz and Mark A. Raider, editors, American Jewish Women and the Zionist Enterprise Tamar Ross, Expanding the Palace of Torah: Orthodoxy and Feminism Farideh Goldin, Wedding Song: Memoirs of an Iranian Jewish Woman Elizabeth Wyner Mark, editor, The Covenant of Circumcision: New Perspectives on an Ancient Jewish Rite Rochelle L.
    [Show full text]
  • A Hebrew Maiden, Yet Acting Alien
    Parush’s Reading Jewish Women page i Reading Jewish Women Parush’s Reading Jewish Women page ii blank Parush’s Reading Jewish Women page iii Marginality and Modernization in Nineteenth-Century Eastern European Reading Jewish Society Jewish Women IRIS PARUSH Translated by Saadya Sternberg Brandeis University Press Waltham, Massachusetts Published by University Press of New England Hanover and London Parush’s Reading Jewish Women page iv Brandeis University Press Published by University Press of New England, One Court Street, Lebanon, NH 03766 www.upne.com © 2004 by Brandeis University Press Printed in the United States of America 54321 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or me- chanical means, including storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. Members of educational institutions and organizations wishing to photocopy any of the work for classroom use, or authors and publishers who would like to obtain permission for any of the material in the work, should contact Permissions, University Press of New England, One Court Street, Lebanon, NH 03766. Originally published in Hebrew as Nashim Korot: Yitronah Shel Shuliyut by Am Oved Publishers Ltd., Tel Aviv, 2001. This book was published with the generous support of the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation, Inc., Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, the Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry through the support of the Valya and Robert Shapiro Endowment of Brandeis University, and the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute through the support of the Donna Sudarsky Memorial Fund.
    [Show full text]
  • USHMM Finding
    Records of the central committee of the HeHalutz Labor Movement in Russia RG-22.024M United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW Washington, DC 20024-2126 Tel. (202) 479-9717 e-mail: [email protected] Descriptive summary Title: Records of the central committee of the HeHalutz Labor Movement in Russia Dates: 1918-1928 (inclusive) Accession number: 2009.100 Creator: Hechalutz (Organization) Extent: 115 microfiche. Repository: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives, 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW, Washington, DC 20024-2126 Languages: Russian Hebrew Scope and content of collection Consists of bylaws and minutes of meetings of the Zionist youth movement HeHalutz, as well as correspondence with government officials and agencies, statistical information about HeHalutz activities, membership questionnaires, and lists of members. Also included are personal documents of Josef Trumpeldor, the movement’s founder. Administrative Information Restrictions on access: No restrictions on access. Restrictions on reproduction and use: No copies or publication for third parties without permission of the source archive. Preferred citation: Preferred citation for USHMM archival collections; consult the USHMM website for guidance. Page 1 Acquisition information: From the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) fond 7747, opis 1. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives received the collection from the State Archive via the United States Holocaust Museum International Archives Project in June 2009. Existence and location of originals: Gosudarstvennyĭ arkhiv Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii Processing history: Finding aid formatted by Tia Smith, 2018. Historical note HeHalutz is an association of Jewish youth whose aim was to train its members to settle in the Land of Israel, which became an umbrella organization of the pioneering Zionist youth movements.
    [Show full text]
  • Israeli Historiograhy's Treatment of The
    Yechiam Weitz Dialectical versus Unequivocal Israeli Historiography’s Treatment of the Yishuv and Zionist Movement Attitudes toward the Holocaust In November 1994, I helped organize a conference called “Vision and Revision.” Its subject was to be “One Hundred Years of Zionist Histo- riography,”1 but in fact it focused on the stormy debate between Zionists and post-Zionists or Old and New Historians, a theme that pervaded Is- rael’s public and academic discourse at the time. The discussion revolved around a number of topics and issues, such as the birth of the Arab refugee question in the War of Independence and matters concerning the war itself. Another key element of the controversy involved the attitude of the Yishuv (the Jewish community in prestate Israel) and the Zionist move- ment toward the Holocaust. There were several parts to the question: what was the goal of the Yishuv and the Zionist leadership—to save the Jews who were perishing in smoldering Europe or to save Zionism? What was more important to Zionism—to add a new cowshed at Kib- butz ‘Ein Harod and purchase another dunam of land in the Negev or Galilee or the desperate attempt to douse the European inferno with a cup of water? What, in those bleak times, motivated the head of the or- ganized Yishuv, David Ben-Gurion: “Palestinocentrism,” and perhaps even loathing for diaspora Jewry, or the agonizing considerations of a leader in a period of crisis unprecedented in human history? These questions were not confined to World War II and the destruc- tion of European Jewry (1939–45) but extended back to the 1930s and forward to the postwar years.
    [Show full text]
  • The Signatories of the Israel Declaration of Independence
    Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs The Signatories of the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel The British Mandate over Palestine was due to end on May 15, 1948, some six months after the United Nations had voted to partition Palestine into two states: one for the Jews, the other for the Arabs. While the Jews celebrated the United Nations resolution, feeling that a truncated state was better than none, the Arab countries rejected the plan, and irregular attacks of local Arabs on the Jewish population of the country began immediately after the resolution. In the United Nations, the US and other countries tried to prevent or postpone the establishment of a state, suggesting trusteeship, among other proposals. But by the time the British Mandate was due to end, the United Nations had not yet approved any alternate plan; officially, the partition plan was still "on the books." A dilemma faced the leaders of the yishuv, the Jewish community in Palestine. Should they declare the country's independence upon the withdrawal of the British mandatory administration, despite the threat of an impending attack by Arab states? Or should they wait, perhaps only a month or two, until conditions were more favorable? Under the leadership of David Ben-Gurion, who was to become the first Prime Minister of Israel, theVa'ad Leumi - the representative body of the yishuv under the British mandate - decided to seize the opportunity. At 4:00 PM on Friday, May 14, the national council, which had directed the Jewish community's affairs under the British Mandate, met in the Tel Aviv Museum on Rothschild Boulevard in Tel Aviv.
    [Show full text]
  • Palestine (Sa3ette Lpublisbeb Bs Hutbonts
    Zhc Palestine (Sa3ette lpublisbeb bs Hutbonts No. 912 THURSDAY, 24™ AUGUST, 1939 863 CONTENTS Page GOVERNMENT NOTICES ־ - - Colonial Police Medal — Award of - 865 Notices of Enactment of Ordinances Nos. 31 and 32 of 1939 - - - 865 ־ - ־ - - ־ Appointments, etc. 865 ־ Certificates of Recognition of Palestinian Citizenship - - 867 ־ Authentication of Documents by the Deputy Chief Secretary - 867 Establishment of a Postal Agency at Beit Jala - 867 ' Certificate Examination of the Jerusalem Law Classes - - - 867 Cancellation of a Medical Licence ----- 867 Land Valuers' Licences granted ----- 867 ־ Statement of the Currency Reserve Fund - 867 Claims for Destroyed Currency Notes - - - - 868 State Domains to be let by Auction ----- 868 Notice of Intended Destruction of Court Records in the District Court of Haifa (ex ־ Nablus Judicial District) - - - - 870 ־ Tenders and Adjudication of Contracts - - - 873 ־ ־ - - Citation Orders - 874 ־ Notices of the Execution Offices, Jerusalem and Tel Aviv 875 I RETURNS ־ Quarantine and Infectious Diseases Summary - - - 876 ( Summary of Cash Account for the Year 1938/39 of the Faluja Local Council - 877 Statement of Assets and Liabilities at the End of the Year 1938/39 of the Faluja 878־ - - - ־ ־ Local Council Persons changing their Names - - - - 879 ־ Sale of Unclaimed Goods - - - . - 880 NOTICES REGARDING COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES AND BANKRPTCIES, REGISTRATION OF PARTNERSHIPS, 882־ - _ . - ־ - .ETC ־ - - - CORRIGENDA - - - 886 SUPPLEMENT No. 1. ORDINANCES ENACTED Immigration (Amendment) Ordinance (No. 4), No. 31 of 1939 - - 79 Municipal Fees (Indirect Collection) Ordinance, No. 32 of 1939 - 80 (Continued) PRICE : 30 MILS. CONTENTS (Continued) Page SUPPLEMENT No. 2. The following subsidiary legislation is published in Supplement No. 2 which forms part of this Gazette: — Court Fees (Amendment) Rules (No.
    [Show full text]
  • DAYID BEN-GURION Born 1886 DAVID BEN -G URI 0 N Was Born As David Green in Plonsk, Po­ Land, in 1886
    DAYID BEN-GURION born 1886 DAVID BEN -G URI 0 N was born as David Green in Plonsk, Po­ land, in 1886. He became active in Zionism very early in his life; as a youngster of seventeen, in 1903, he was already one of the cofounders of an early Labor-Zionist group, the Poale Zion of Poland, and two years later he was part of the Jewish self-defense that was organized there and in Russia in the wake of the Kishinev pogrom of 1903 and under the threat of the convulsions which attended the unsuccessful Russian revolution of 1905. Ben-Gurian left for Palestine in the next year, to work as a farm hand, along with others we have already men­ tioned (e.g., Gordon and Brenner) who were laying the foundations of a Jewish labor movement in the state they hoped they were creating. Thongh Ben-Gurian began in Palestine by doing simple physical labor, he soon achieved some organizational and political prominence. He was chairman of the conference which organized its Poale Zion party in 1907 and wrote considerably in the press of this small (not more than hundreds at the time) but very important gronp. By 1913 he was a delegate of his party to the Eleventh World Zionist Congress, and he has played an ever more prominent role since then at the successive meetings of that body. Ben-Gurian was among the many new Zionist settlers in Palestine who were exiled by the Tnrkish com­ mand in 1915, and he made his way to the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • In Soviet Poland and Lithuania
    IN SOVIET POLAND AND LITHUANIA By DAVID GRODNER IGID censorship and the absence of accredited news correspond- ents have made it impossible for American readers to learn R" what is really happening to Jews in Soviet Poland and Lith- uania. The impression that Polish refugees have found a friendly home in these areas is fostered largely by Communist propaganda, which has publicized the letters of those elated by their escape from Nazi Poland or those who had the good fortune to make a fair ad- justment under the new conditions. Having spent at least six months in Soviet Poland and more than that time in Lithuania, including the period of its occupation, I feel it my duty to tell what I have seen happen to the religious, communal and cultural life of Jews under their new Soviet masters. In particular, more ought to be known about the fate of at least one hundred thousand Polish Jewish refugees who sought aliaven from the Nazi invaders only to be driven mercilessly to the frozen tundras of Siberia. Newspapers in the United States have exaggerated the number of Jews in Soviet Poland. Altogether, there are about 1,200,000 Jews in Western Ukraine (former Galicia) and Western Byelorosya (White Russia). In addition, approximately 500,000 Jews fled there from Nazi Poland. About 60% of these refugees, it must be noted, arrived before the Red Army entered the country. On the night of September 6, 1939, the propaganda chief of the Polish Army announced over the radio that Warsaw was to be evacuated and ordered all inhabitants of military age to leave the city.* (Later, it was rumored that this official was a German spy carrying out Nazi orders.) About 200,000 persons left Warsaw that night and headed for the Bug River, where the Polish Army was planning to make a last stand.
    [Show full text]
  • Aliyah of Estonian Jews
    Mark Rybak 1 Aliyah of Estonian Jews. Situation of Jews in Estonia in the second half of the XIX century In 1710 – 1917 Estonia was a part of the Russian Empire. It was outside the Pale of Settlement (area where Jews were allowed to live). This partially explains why the number of Jews in Estonia was relatively small. However, in 1865 Emperor Alexander II issued a decree that allowed certain groups of Jews to settle anywhere in Russia. These groups included the so-called Nikolai soldiers with their families, first guild merchants, professionals with high education etc. Jewish population of Estonia started to grow, and by 1897 reached 3837 (0.4% of the total population). In the 1870s a part of the Jewish intelligentsia still believed that it is possible to solve “the Jewish problem” by a partial or a total assimilation. The crisis and the disappointment came at the beginning of the 1880s when antisemitism in Russia grew significantly. The persecution of Jews, the notorious Pale of Settlement that restricted the free movement, a difficult economic situation and, finally, the pogroms of 1881-1882 brought the wave of massive emigration of Jews from Russia, mainly from the areas of the Pale of Settlement. Between 1881-1908 about 1,250,000 Russian Jews emigrated to America and about 20,000 to Palestine. 1 Aliyah in Hebrew means "ascent" or "going up". Jewish tradition views traveling to the land of Israel as an ascent, both geographically and metaphysically. Anyone traveling to Eretz Israel from Egypt, Babylonia or the Mediterranean basin, where many Jews lived in early rabbinic times, climbed to a higher altitude.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of the Zionist Right: Polish Jews and the Betar Youth Movement, 1922-1935
    THE RISE OF THE ZIONIST RIGHT: POLISH JEWS AND THE BETAR YOUTH MOVEMENT, 1922-1935 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Daniel K. Heller August 2012 © 2012 by Daniel Kupfert Heller. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/bd752jg9919 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Steven Zipperstein, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Norman Naimark I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Aron Rodrigue Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii ABSTRACT This dissertation charts the social, cultural and intellectual development of the Zionist Right through an examination of the Brit Yosef Trumpeldor youth movement, known eventually by its Hebrew acronym, Betar.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Zionist Historiography from Apologetics to Denial
    Yoav Gelber The History of Zionist Historiography From Apologetics to Denial The First Generation of Zionist Historians The writing of history cannot be separated from the era in which it is written. Changing perspectives define scope, fields and focal points, at- titudes toward the objects of study, and even methodological develop- ments. This essay attempts to trace the growth of Zionist historiography, that is, the writing of the history of Zionism (The Zionist movement and ideology, the prestate Jewish community in the Land of Israel, and the State of Israel), as well as the writing of Jewish history by Zionist his- torians. Within the context of its time frame, Zionist historiography it- self becomes part and parcel of the history of Zionism. Early historians of Zionism were, on the whole, amateurs—Zionist activists who under certain circumstances became historians. Thus, Nahum Sokolow, Adolf Böhm, and Yizhak Gruenbaum all wrote in the 1920s comprehensive histories of Zionism, followed by Richard Lichtheim, a prominent Zionist diplomat who became the first histo- rian of German Zionism. A few professional historians with a Zionist background and education, such as N. M. Gelber, also chose to study the history of the movement, although their research did not enjoy academic recognition at the time. The writing of Zionism’s history ensued from the movement’s po- litical success in obtaining the 1917 Balfour Declaration and was clearly affected by it. The declaration, and subsequent achievements of the Zionist delegation at the Peace Conference in Versailles, put Zionism on the international map and attested to its historical vitality.
    [Show full text]