A Content Analysis of Forensic Social Work Syllabi
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Social Work Education The International Journal ISSN: 0261-5479 (Print) 1470-1227 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cswe20 Educating for rights and justice: a content analysis of forensic social work syllabi Tina Maschi, Jo Rees, George Leibowitz & Margaret Bryan To cite this article: Tina Maschi, Jo Rees, George Leibowitz & Margaret Bryan (2018): Educating for rights and justice: a content analysis of forensic social work syllabi, Social Work Education, DOI: 10.1080/02615479.2018.1508566 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2018.1508566 Published online: 19 Aug 2018. Submit your article to this journal View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cswe20 SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2018.1508566 Educating for rights and justice: a content analysis of forensic social work syllabi Tina Maschia, Jo Reesb, George Leibowitzc and Margaret Bryana aGraduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA; bDepartment of Social Work, LIU Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA; cSchool of Social Welfare, Stonybrook University, Long Island, NY, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The Council on Social Work Education underscores that social work- Received 30 December 2017 ers should be educated to advance human right, social, economic, Accepted 28 July 2018 and environmental justice. This article asserts that forensic social KEYWORDS work is an integrated practice specialization at the intersection of Qualitative methods; the law or legal system, and historically has done just that. However, research; social justice; there is a dearth of research examining forensic courses. Therefore, values; criminal justice social the purpose of this study was to conduct a content analysis of work; practice; history of forensic social work and social work and the law syllabi. A compre- social work; knowledge; hensive search of the Internet was conducted to identify publicly competency; education available forensic social work or social work and the law syllabi from CSWE accredited social work programs in the United States. Twenty- two syllabi were identified. A content analysis of available syllabi revealed an overarching theme of forensic social work and ‘the pursuit of justice’ and as practice at the intersection of the law and/or legal system. Forensic social work education grounded in a human rights and global justice approach can serve an important functioning in measuring student learning outcomes that target advancing human rights and social, economic, and environmental justice using clinical, interdisciplinary, and policy practice. Background The most recent Council on Social Work Education (Council on Social Work Education [CSWE], 2015) Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) has moved away from traditional content driven education of what students should be taught to rather one focused on student learning outcomes. According to EPAS (CSWE, 2015), social workers who engage in human rights and justice practice recognize that every person regardless of their society position has fundamental human rights. The rights emphasized in this competency standard include: ‘freedom, safety, privacy, an adequate standard of living, health care, and education’ (p. 7). The competency also underscores the knowledge (e.g. theory), values (e.g. ethics, attitudes, and beliefs), and skills (e.g. multilevel practice strategies) that social work students are expected to understand and demonstrate. This includes that social workers understand the ‘global interconnections of oppression and human rights violations and are knowledgeable about theories of human need and social justice and strategies to promote social and economic justice and human rights’ and CONTACT Tina Maschi [email protected] © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2 T. MASCHI ET AL. strategies to eliminate oppression and structural barrier to ensure justice and equality and civil, political, environmental, economic, social, and cultural rights. In demonstrating their understanding, social work students are expected to ‘apply their understanding of social, economic, and environmental justice to advocate for human rights at the indivi- dual and system levels and engage in practices that advance social, economic, and environmental justice’ (CSWE, 2015,p.7). The social work profession is at an important developmental milestone in determining what constitutes social work practice from a human rights and global justice lens. While it is a time to develop innovations in practice, it also is important for the social work profession to understand and recognize practice specializations, such as forensic social work, that historically has engaged in practices that advance human rights and justice across diverse locations across the globe. This all too often marginalized and misunderstood practice specialization of forensic social work has commonly been described as the social work practice at the intersection of the law and/or legal system or social work and the law (Robbins, Vaughan-Eden, & Maschi, 2015). Forensic social workers in past and contem- porary times have worked in a variety of settings that involve social work at the intersection of law and policy. These settings include child welfare, social services, housing, health and mental health services, victim services, and criminal justice. For example, social workers who work with children who have been maltreated may provide services, such as counsel- ing and/or expert testimony in court setting. Other forensic social workers who work with individuals who have been convicted of a crime may be an administrator or front-line worker in a prison and/or community correction setting. Forensic social workers who work with a criminal justice population may engage in a number of activities, such as counseling, case management, community organizing, expert testimony, and/or policy advocacy. In 1879, the roots of the ‘forensic’ in social work can be traced back to the establishment of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections. The use of both terms ‘charities’ and ‘corrections’ suggests the early pioneers saw the importance of including justice issues in the conceptualizations of compassionate social services and policy and the law as a proper venue for social workers as actors and advocates (Roberts & Brownell, 1999). About a century and a half later, we can now take stock of how contemporary social workers integrate ‘caring’ and the pursuit of ‘rights and justice’ in their every day practices across diverse populations and settings. Forensic social workers have historically worked with individuals, families, and communities in such settings as communities, child and adult protective services, victims service, health care, education, immigration, and juvenile and adult corrections. Their caring justice approach sought positive remedies to a host of societal ills, such as: (1) peace, safety, and security, (2) freedom from torture, cruel, inhumane, and degrading punishment, (3) access to justice and fairness, (4) the right to the arts and science, and (5) the right to health and holistic well-being (e.g. physical, mental, spiritual, education, economic, social, political, and cultural; Maschi & Killian, (2011); Roberts & Brownell, 1999). For example, forensic social workers have historically worked to remedy health and justice disparities, especially among underrepresented and underserved minorities based on differences, such as their race/ethnicity, gender, class, age, sexual orientation, disabilities, incarceration history, or immigration status that place them at risk of marginalization, victimization, and/or criminalization. More specifically, forensic social work practice may include child and elder protection, child custody cases, services and SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION 3 advocacy for juvenile and adults in correctional institutions, providing court mandated mental health and substance abuse treatment, restorative justice practices for victims and offenders, identifying and responding to human trafficking, domestic violence, education, health care, child welfare, immigration services, and reform. It may also include evaluation of competency in civil and criminal trials, sentence mitigation, and mediation (e.g. Maschi & Leibowitz, 2017). The social work professions ethical commitment to address economic justice has historically worked toward creating avenues to assist disadvantaged and oppressed groups, such as racial/ethnic minorities, families living in poverty, to gain access to economic power and social and political resources. Social workers who have engaged in practices that advance economic justice include micro, mezzo, and macro levels may target issues, such as income inequality (e.g. living wage levels and minimum wages), worker rights (e.g. women immigrants and undocumented workers), community–labor partnerships and coalitions, and social welfare trainings and programs for individuals, families, and/or communities, such as working for Headstart or low-income school districts or welfare or even provide financial capability or social entrepreneurship training. Since forensic social workers often engage with individuals, families, and laws across multiple systems, they commonly have engaged in an integrated approach to practice. That is, many forensic social workers engage in clinical, policy, and community practice with individuals, families,