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An Annotated Checklist of Wisconsin Sap and Short-Winged Flower Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae, Kateretidae)

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An Annotated Checklist of Wisconsin Sap and Short-Winged Flower Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae, Kateretidae) INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 20, No. 1-2, March-June, 2006 69 An annotated checklist of Wisconsin sap and short-winged flower beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae, Kateretidae) Michele B. Price and Daniel K. Young Department of Entomology 445 Russell Labs University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706 Abstract: A survey of Wisconsin Nitidulidae and Kateretidae yielded 78 species through analysis of literature records, museum and private collections, and three years of field research (2000-2002). Twenty-seven species (35% of the Wisconsin fauna) represent new state records, having never been previously recorded from the state. Wisconsin distribution, along with relevant collecting techniques and natural history information, are summarized. The Wisconsin nitidulid and kateretid faunae are compared to reconstructed and updated faunal lists for Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and south-central Canada. Literature and distributional records suggest at least 11 additional nitidulid species may occur in Wisconsin. Introduction 1997). Juzwik et al. (1999) and Cease and Juzwik (2001) conducted studies to determine which nitidulid Nitidulidae and Kateretidae represent taxonomi- species frequent tree wounds and oak wilt mats in cally and ecologically diverse groups of beetles. Niti- Minnesota. Several general beetle reviews including dulidae, the sap or picnic beetles, is a moderately nitidulids and kateretids have been conducted for large family with 3,000+ species in about 271 genera individual states or subdivisions thereof (e.g. Dury worldwide (Kirejtshuk 1998). In North America, this 1902 for Cincinnati, Ohio, Blatchley 1910 for Indiana, family has 30 genera and 165 species (Habeck 2002b). Peck and Thomas1998 for Florida) or entire regions Kateretidae (= Brachypteridae), the short-winged (e.g. Hatch 1961 for the Pacific Northwest, McNama- flower beetles, consists of fewer than 100 species ra 1991 for Canada, Downie and Arnett 1996 for the worldwide (Audisio 1993). In North America, the 12 Northeastern United States). kateretid species are circumscribed by seven genera In Wisconsin, Rauterberg (1888) recorded a por- (Habeck 2002a). tion of the Coleoptera of Wisconsin collected in the Despite immense species diversity, economic as Milwaukee vicinity, including familiar nitidulid and well as ecological significance, and a phenomenal kateretid species. McMullen et al. (1960) collected array of feeding strategies, few thorough faunal sur- nitidulids from the mycelial mats of oak wilt fungus, veys exist for Nitidulidae and Kateretidae of the Ceratocystis fagacearum (Bretz) Hunt, and tried to United States. Vogt (1950) documented occurrences of determine which species could transmit the fungus to nitidulid and kateretid species in Maryland, includ- tree wounds. McMullen and Shenefelt (1961) reported ing nitidulid species occurring at sap flows. Vogt using fermenting banana bait to collect nitidulids (1951) recorded nitidulid occurrences in Florida and from Dane, Marathon, and Wood counties. Katovich southern Texas. Curl (1953) identified nitidulids on and Ostry (1998) surveyed insects associated with oak wilt mats in Illinois. Connell (1956) surveyed the butternut trees and the fungus, Sirococcus clavigig- Nitidulidae of Delaware, however, the work focused nenti-juglandacearum Nair, Kostichka, and Kuntz on the single genus Carpophilus. Daugherty and in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Until now, however, no Brett (1966) observed Nitidulidae associated with comprehensive studies of Wisconsins nitidulid and sweet corn in North Carolina. Skalbeck (1976), as kateretid diversity, life histories, and distributions part of a PhD thesis, discussed the distribution of have been conducted. Nitidulidae in deciduous forests of Minnesota. Recent publications from Ohio have focused on sap beetle Materials and Methods attraction to various fermenting baits, in relation to agricultural applications and surroundings (Peng At the onset of this survey, literature records as and Williams 1991, Williams et al. 1992, Williams et well as museum and private collections were exam- al. 1994, Blackmer and Phelan 1995, Williams et al. ined to determine which nitidulid and kateretid spe- 70 Volume 20, No. 1-2, March-June, 2006, INSECTA MUNDI cies had previously been collected in Wisconsin. The Audisio 1993, Kirejtshuk 1998, Leschen 1999) we following museum and private collections were re- have deferred to the arrangement of Parsons (1943). viewed for Wisconsin records: Field Museum of Nat- Cryptarchine genera follow the order proposed by ural History (FMNH), Florida State Collection of Parsons (1943) and modified by Audisio (1993). Spe- Arthropods (FSCA), University of Wisconsin-Madi- cies are listed in alphabetical order. son Insect Research Collection (WIRC), and private In the following checklist of Wisconsin Nitidul- collections of Dale Habeck and Annette Phibbs. Field idae and Kateretidae, the 27 new state species survey work focused on historically under-sampled records are indicated inboldface. Species previ- regions and unique Wisconsin habitats (e.g. oak ously recorded in the literature from Wisconsin are savanna, hemlock forest). A variety of trapping meth- followed by the relevant literature reference. To sim- ods was used to collect nitidulids and kateretids, plify county associations, Wisconsin has been divided including baited and unbaited Lindgren funnel traps, into nine, 8-county regions (Map 1, after Kriska and banana traps (McMullen and Schenefelt 1961), black- Young 2002, and Hilsenhoff 1995). Life history, phe- light traps, cantaloupe traps, flight intercept traps, nological, and trapping information pertain solely to Malaise traps, and pitfall traps. Baits used with adult Wisconsin nitidulid and kateretid records and Lindgren funnel traps included brown sugar and have been extracted directly from labels accompany- yeast solution, whole wheat bread dough, and rotting ing specimens. Thus, in reporting plant, fungal, and bananas (Williams et al. 1994, Blackmer and Phelan animal associations, we report the data as indicated 1995, Collison, personal communication). During the by specimen labels, only. In some cases, the above second field season, the whole wheat bread dough bait mentioned are recorded by Latin binomial and author was replaced by rotting bananas to decrease numbers (e.g., under the bark of Acer negundo Linnaeus), of ubiquitous species such as Glischrochilus quadrisig- while in other cases, a common vernacular is used natus (Say) and species of Silphidae. In addition to (e.g., under bark of oak). While some species were trapping, nitidulids and kateretids were collected by active at night, a behavior characteristic of nitidulids hand from ant colonies, carrion, dung, flowers, fungi, at sap flows, most were collected during the day. Many rotting fruit, and wood. Specimens were also obtained phenologies are likely artifacts of sampling activity. from sweep net and leaf litter samples. The following We still lack sound natural history information for ongoing surveys in conjunction with the WIRC also some species in Wisconsin. provided Wisconsin specimen records: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) projects, KATERETIDAE Erichson Hemlock Draw (TNC) Survey, Fort McCoy inventory project, and Necedah National Wildlife Refuge inven- Kateretes pusillus (Thunberg) The single specimen tory project. examined from Wisconsin was collected from Spirea sp. July. WC: Jackson. Results Heterhelus abdominalis (Erichson) Rauterberg Four genera and five species of Kateretidae, and (1888) collected this species with a sweep net. We 22 genera and 73 species of Nitidulidae are now known recorded it from flowers of Cicuta maculata Linnaeus, to occur in Wisconsin. Specimen data were entered Prunus americana Marshall, Sambucus canadensis into the relational biodiversity database software, Linnaeus, Veronicastrum virginicum (Linnaeus) BIOTATM (Colwell, 1996), and voucher specimens have Farwell; one specimen was collected from a Lindgren been deposited in the WIRC and in Michele B. Prices funnel baited with banana and fermenting brown collection (MBPC). sugar in mixed hardwood forest. April-July. WC: Although a variety of trapping methods was used Chippewa, Jackson; SW: Grant SC:Columbia, Dane, to sample nitidulids, baited Lindgren funnel traps, Lafayette, Sauk. flight intercept traps, cantaloupe traps, and banana traps (McMullen and Schenefelt 1961) yielded the Heterhelus sericans (LeConte) Our records most specimens and species. Kateretids were mainly include branches and flowers of Sambucus pubens collected by hand from flowers. Michaux, on flowers of Prunus sp., and S. canadensis The arrangement of families and subfamilies flowers. April and May. NE: Florence; SC: Columbia, follows the phylogeny proposed by Kirejtshuk (1982, Dane. 1986, 1998); kateretid genera follow Audisio (1993). Due to the state of flux of nitiduline genera (e.g. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 20, No. 1-2, March-June, 2006 71 NITIDULIDAE Latreille Epuraeinae Kirejtshuk Epuraea aestiva (Linnaeus) Recovered from flight intercept traps and Lindgren funnel traps baited with banana and fermenting brown sugar. Northern and southern mesic forests. May-August. NW: Washburn; WC: Monroe; C: Waupaca; SC: Dane, Lafayette. Epuraea alternata Parsons McMullen and Shenefelt (1961) collected this species from banana traps. We took it at Lindgren funnel traps baited with banana and fermenting brown sugar, malt/yeast, and rotting apples, peaches, and pears. Pine/oak/maple forests and southern mesic hardwood
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