Jewish People Policy Planning Institute Annual Assessment 2005
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Jewish People Policy Planning Institute Annual Assessment 2005 EXECUTIVE REPORT FACING A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD PROJECT HEADS Prof. Sergio DellaPergola Prof.Yehezkel Dror Dr. Shalom S. Wald CONTRIBUTORS Mordechai Altschuler, Zvi Arran, Avinoam Bar-Yosef, David Dery, Avi Gil, Naftali Elimeleh, Yogev Karasenty, Amir Kadari, Amos Lahat, Dov Maimon, Sharon Pardo, Israel Pupko, Shmuel Trigano, Shevach Weiss, Ahava Zarembski Project and Content Coordinator: Michael J. Weil Editor: Rami Tal _________ Copyrights © 2005, The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute (Established by the Jewish Agency for Israel) Ltd, Jerusalem Layout: Marzel A.S. — Jerusalem Cover Design: Nitza Bruck, Jerusalem Cover Production: S. Kim Glassman, Jerusalem Printed in Israel by Gefen Publishing House LTD. Jerusalem WWW. ISRAELBOOKS.COM 2 I THE JEWISH PEOPLE 2005: FACING A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD CONTENTS FOREWORD by Dennis Ross . 4 1. INTRODUCTION by Yehezkel Dror . 5 2. SUMMARY OVERVIEW . 8 3. SELECTED INDICATORS OF WORLD JEWRY . 12 4. RECOMMENDATIONS AND STRATEGIC AGENDA . 13 5. THE YEAR 2004–2005 IN REVIEW . 21 A. The External Environment . 21 B. The Internal Scene . 24 C. North America . 26 D. Latin America . 28 E. Europe . 29 F. The Former Soviet Union . 34 G. Asia, Africa and the Pacific . 35 H. Israel . 37 6. SPECIAL ISSUE ANALYSES . 43 A. Science and Technology and the Jewish People . 43 B. French Jewry — the End of an Era . 48 C. Jews in the Former Soviet Union — Changes and Dynamics . 52 D. The Jews of Poland — Yesterday’s Shadow, Tomorrow’s Challenges . 56 E. The Societal Background of American Jewish Population Trends . 60 F. Responding to the Out-married in the United States . 65 G. Jewish People Considerations in Israeli Government Decisions . .69 THE JEWISH PEOPLE POLICY PLANNING INSTITUTE I 3 FOREWORD The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute inaugurated an annual assessment of the state of the Jewish People in 2004. Its initial assessment outlined the status of Jewish communities worldwide, including in Israel; described trends that should be a source of concern; and proposed remedies for problem areas. While comprehensive in scope, the 2004 assessment was designed not be replicated Teach year but to provide a baseline for subsequent comparison. The 2005 assessment meets that purpose. It updates the geopolitical context in which world Jewry and Israel operates. It highlights critical changes in key communities, focusing on new challenges for French Jewry and the Jews of the former Soviet Union and Poland. It draws attention to trends, particu- larly demographic trends that have become more troubling. It reviews how globalization and science and technology can provide new opportunities to promote greater cohesion and education of Jewish people internationally. And, of course, the 2005 JPPPI assessment makes recommendations. Some of the recommendations are new and others, not surprisingly, build on last year’s propos- als. The recommendations fall into a number of different categories. One set of recommendations is urgent, responding to the historic decision of the Israeli government to disengage from Gaza and a small part of the West Bank. Taking note of the controversy and the possible trauma over the evacua- tion of twenty one settlements in Gaza and four in the northern part of the West Bank, the assessment calls on Jewish leaders in the Diaspora to make strong declarations against violence, disobedience and violations of law that could be the response to the withdrawal. Similarly, world Jewry is called on to participate in the development of the Negev and the Galilee both to assist in the absorption of evacu- ated Jewish settlers and to shift the demographic balance in these areas. Other categories of recommendations include those on demography, on Diaspora-relations, on Jewish people leadership (enhancing quality and accelerating generational change), on crafting geo- political grand strategies, and on fully utilizing cyberspace to take advantage of the global nature of the Jewish People. Suffice it to say that many of the recommendations will generate their own con- troversy, but the demographic trends, among other problems, demand serious responses and those to date have had limited effect. Whether on demography, or affecting generational change in Jewish leadership, or investing in Jewish education, or better integrating the Jewish People as a whole, it is clear that a hardheaded look at priorities is essential. If nothing else, this year’s recommendations should trigger such discussion. However, the measure of the assessment is not the discussion but the actions that result from them. World Jewry and leaders in Israel need to reflect on the recommendations and show how they are responding to them — or at least how their responses are addressing the challenges outlined in the assessment. Ambassador Dennis Ross Chairman of the Board and Professional Guiding Council The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute 4 I THE JEWISH PEOPLE 2005: FACING A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD Introduction The Jewish People is a very complex entity; ation of strategies by Israel’s leadership. therefore the best way to observe and analyze The Israeli government adopted a strategy it is by applying multiple perspectives. The per- tailored to changing realities, as expressed in spective of the 2004 Assessment was “between its acceptance of the Road Map, and adopted T the decision to withdraw from the Gaza thriving and decline,” whereas the perspective of the 2005 assessment is “interaction with a rapidly Strip along with continued building of the changing world.” A rapidly changing world main parts of the security fence. Israel suc- requires the Jewish People to develop a com- ceeded in reducing terrorism, achieved some bination of preserving continuity and creative level of cooperation with the Palestinian adjustments to external and internal changes Authority, and improved its global standing together with efforts to influence them. and coordination with the US’s democratiza- The Assessment focuses on “significant tion policies. Yet what lies ahead after the changes” (in professional terminology — “delta”), disengagement remains open, and disagree- i.e. events and trend changes that are likely to ments on the issue persist and are likely to make a difference. But identifying delta devel- intensify. ■ opments is not sufficient. When ominous trends Israel’s initiatives have resulted in acute combine with missed opportunities, the absence domestic disagreements, of which the most of adequate responses by the Jewish People is ominous are calls to disobey orders in the IDF per se a very significant “non-act,” to which the and to take up massive physical resistance to Assessment pays attention. the disengagement. Even more serious may be post-disengagement traumas and feelings A few illustrations will clarify the perspec- of defeat among sectors of the population. tive: The government is trying to cope by imple- ■ On the Palestinian issue, important adjust- menting various measures, such as offering ments have been made to changing realities, incentives to settlers who agree to leave the e.g. the death of Arafat, the election of Abu Gaza Strip; however, overall strategies for Mazen, the re-election of George W. Bush, dealing with disengagement traumas are shifts in Israeli public opinion and re-evalu- underdeveloped. THE JEWISH PEOPLE POLICY PLANNING INSTITUTE I 5 ■ A major initiative, which aspires to improve growth in increasing global importance of Israel-Diaspora discourse and institutional China and India, both of which do not have structures, was taken by the President of antisemitic traditions and hold basically Israel. The JPPPI prepared a position paper positive attitudes towards Israel and Jewish including detailed recommendations, some civilization. Israel and certain Jewish actors of which are being acted upon. took advantage of some of the opportunities ■ Nothing of major significance related to offered by China and India in the economic assimilation and demography occurred in and technological fields. The JPPPI submitted 2005. Essentially, the Jewish People continue recommendations for improving the Jewish a steady skidding down on a slippery slope. People-China relationship, but these have There is an acute need for radical and inno- not yet been implemented. vative counter measures, and the present ■ The war in Iraq may negatively impact absence of such measures is a significant the Jewish People. Public opinion polls in negative finding of this assessment. Outreach Western countries and domestic political efforts and the approach to broader demo- developments in many of them indicate graphic issues in the Diaspora continue to that it is increasingly unlikely that the use be fragmented and seem unable to reach a of force and the endangerment of soldiers critical mass that could make a real differ- will be supported, even for goals such as the ence. In Israel, a number of initiatives are prevention of genocide, the halting of prolif- under consideration for coping with demo- eration of weapons of mass destruction, and graphic issues, but it is too early to evaluate the advancement of democratization. The their effectiveness. weak response to the mass-killings in Darfur ■ On antisemitism, Jewish efforts to encour- clearly demonstrates these trends. This age major actors, such as the UN and the means that countries or regions under threat European Union, to take more determined cannot rely upon the West for aid, which has steps have been fairly successful.