DOCSLIB.ORG

Resource-Based Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control Using Biological Agents Delong Kan and Pengfei Duan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

2035 © 2021 The Authors Water Supply | 21.5 | 2021 Resource-based agricultural non-point source pollution control using biological agents Delong Kan and Pengfei Duan ABSTRACT Non-point source (NPS) pollution is a major cause of the deterioration of surface water quality. Delong Kan Pengfei Duan (corresponding author) Effectively controlling NPS pollution, especially that from rural areas, is critical in improving the Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to- quality and safety of water resources. However, most of the approaches employed for NPS control North Diversion Project, Collaborative Innovation are low-efficiency or impractical owing to ignorance of the willingness of participants, as well as the Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion high cost. To improve the effectiveness and efficiency, this study newly proposes a resource-based Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, approach for agricultural NPS pollution control via using biological agents. In this approach, the Nanyang, 473061, China domestic organic waste and livestock manure are economically utilized to produce organic fertilizers E-mail: [email protected] and plant protection agents to replace harmful chemical fertilizers and pesticides, respectively. The approach has been applied in the Danjiangkou catchment area in Nanyang City, and the results show that: (1) the most severe pollutants, total P and total N concentrations have been effectively reduced and their values in 2025 are predicted to be the same level as that before significant deterioration; (2) with unpowered sewage treatment and spontaneous participation of farmers, the treatment cost is significantly reduced; (3) the resource-based treatment of domestic waste and livestock manure supports the development of an efficient and sustainable agricultural economy. Key words | agriculture, biological agent, non-point source pollution, resource-based, South-North Water transfer project HIGHLIGHTS • The resource-based approach is cost-saving and efficient for agricultural NPS pollution control. • The domestic sewage is treated with micro-power or no power. • The domestic organic waste and livestock manure are economically utilized. • A spontaneous collaboration arises between villagers, enterprises, and governments. INTRODUCTION Non-point source (NPS) pollution deteriorates the surface gradually increased, and NPS pollution is becoming the pri- water quality of rivers and lakes. In contrast with point mary source of surface and groundwater pollution (Ongley source pollution, which can be easily monitored and con- et al. ; Wu et al. ). According to previous research, trolled, NPS pollution remains underestimated and poorly 30–50% of the Earth’s total surface area is under the influ- controlled (Wu et al. ). The contribution of NPS ence of NPS pollution (Xin et al. ); furthermore, pollution to the overall environmental pollution has agricultural NPS pollution, which is harmful to the aquatic environment, is considered the most prevalent form of This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative NPS pollution (Fan et al. ; Yi et al. ). In the Clean Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits copying, adaptation and redistribution, provided the original work is properly cited Water Act of the United States of America (USA), legislated (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). in 1972, NPS pollution is defined as ‘any source of water doi: 10.2166/ws.2020.291 Downloaded from http://iwaponline.com/ws/article-pdf/21/5/2035/920290/ws021052035.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 2036 D. Kan & P. Duan | Resource-based agricultural NPS pollution control Water Supply | 21.5 | 2021 pollution that does not meet the legal definition of ‘point In China, research on NPS pollution started in the 1980s. source’ in section 502(14) of the Clean Water Act’ (United Thereafter, studies on urban NPS pollution were conducted in States ). Agricultural NPS pollution, which is mainly Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Changsha, Nanjing, caused by fertilizers, pesticides, sewage sludge, and livestock and Chengdu, among other cities (Li et al. ). Simul- manure, includes nutrients such as N and P, as well as those taneously, research on rural NPS pollution was successively in pesticides, and other organic or inorganic pollutants (Li conducted in the Yuqiao Reservoir, Dianchi Lake, Taihu et al. ; Li et al. ). Agricultural NPS pollution is an Lake, Chaohu Lake, Jinjiang River Basin, and Dongjiang important cause of water quality deterioration in surface River Basin (Chen et al. ; Cai et al. ; Xue et al. ). waters (Liu et al. ). Owing to the prevalence, extensive dis- Since the 1990s, macro characteristics and statistical models persion, and uncertain transport paths of NPS pollutants, the (black-box or empirical models) of pesticide and fertilizer pol- mechanism of agricultural NPS pollution is not well-known; lution have played an important role in agricultural NPS however, it does involve a long latent period, which is signifi- pollution research (Stephenson et al. ). Currently, the com- cantly harmful (Zeng ). Agricultural NPS pollution is bination of the NPS pollution model with 3S (GIS, GPS, and considered as a world–wide environmental issue (Yang et al. RS) technology (Emili & Greene ; Yaghi & Salim ) ), and it hinders the sustainable rural development in and the water quality models of watersheds have become China (Liu et al. ). Therefore, the development of an effec- new research hotspots in water quality management (Zhang tive approach for controlling NPS pollution is crucial. et al. ). However, research on NPS pollution in China is Research on NPS pollution was first conducted in the still limited, mainly concentrated on the assessment of NPS 1960s in several developed countries, such as the USA, pollution loads, simulation of pollutant transport, and data Britain, and Japan, and global research interest expanded management with GIS. The deficiencies regarding public from the 1970s. In the 1980s, research on agricultural policy and administration with low participation of house- NPS pollution underwent a period of vigorous development. holds are the most challenging (Wu & Ge ; Zhang et al. By the 1990s, new pollutants had become the focus of ). There is still much work to fill the gap between research research (Tong et al. ; Adu & Kumarasamy ). And and its applications in this field. then numerical researches on NPS were presented, includ- Owing to the unique context of NPS pollution in China, ing the pollution source identification, modeling and the theories and experience from developed countries estimation, control and management and so on (Xiang cannot be simply transplanted (Ongley et al. ). Agricultural et al. ; Yang et al. ). By using ArcHydro (ArcGIS NPS pollution control should utilize various sustainable pre- extension model) and a long-term hydrological and NPS vention, treatment, and control technologies, and be pollution model, Wilson & Weng () evaluated the informed by the natural conditions and pollution character- impact of urban land-use change on lake water quality in istics of the concerned catchment (Yang et al. ; Wu & Calumet, Chicago. Burow et al. () analyzed 5101 Ge ; Yi et al. ; Zhou et al. ). However, owing to samples collected via the National Water Quality Assess- the high-cost and low reward for farmers in China, the agricul- ment program of the US Geological Survey in 51 research tural NPS control is low-efficiently pushed forward only by the areas from 1991 to 2003, and found that the nitrate concen- government. Besides, the agricultural harvest heavily relying tration was highest in shallow groundwater in the on fertilizers and pesticides (Wu & Ge )alsohindersthe agricultural subsoil. Currently, numerical NPS pollution NPS pollution control. Therefore, this study proposes a practi- models are available, and detailed reviews can be found cal approach for agricultural NPS pollution control using the in studies conducted by Yang et al. () and Adu & biological agents for waste utilization. In this resource-based Kumarasamy (). Among these models, the Soil and approach, the domestic sewage disposal is conducted with Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), agricultural non-point micro-power or without power, and the domestic organic source pollution model AnnAGNPS, and areal non-point waste, sewage sludge, and livestock manure are economically source watershed environment response simulation utilized to produce biological agents to replace the harmful (ANSWER) have been commonly applied (Liu et al. ). chemical fertilizers and pesticides that contribute significantly Downloaded from http://iwaponline.com/ws/article-pdf/21/5/2035/920290/ws021052035.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 2037 D. Kan & P. Duan | Resource-based agricultural NPS pollution control Water Supply | 21.5 | 2021 to NPS pollution. Therefore, the best contribution of this addition to pollutants from farmland. Livestock manure, research is advancing the NPS pollution control towards which is released into rivers, also contributes to NPS pol- beingmorelow-cost,efficient and environment-friendly: (1) lution. The NPS pollutants converge into lakes or the treatment of domestic waste and livestock manure is reservoirs through different pathways, such as streamflow, turned into the production of biological agents; (2) the pro- overland flow, and groundwater flow. NPS pollution is a duced biological agents reduce
Recommended publications
  • Studies on the Optimum Model of Forest for Soil and Water Conservation

    Studies on the Optimum Model of Forest for Soil and Water Conservation

    12th ISCO Conference Beijing 2002 Studies on the Optimum Model of Forest for Soil and Water Conservation Li Shuren, Zhao Yong and Yan Zhiping School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou, 450002 E-mail: [email protected] Song Xuan The Institute of Applied Ecology, The Chinese Academy of Science,Shenyang, 110015 Abstract: This paper dealt with the soil and water conservation benefits on different kinds of vegetation along the Yangtze River valley in Xixia county, Henan Province. The four kinds of vegetation are dense trees with middle-dense shrub and loose grass(DMDL), loose trees with middle-dense shrub and dense grass(LMDD), dense shrub and middle-dense grass(DMD) and gradient farmland(GF). The results show that the annual surface runoff and soil erosion were 33.94 mm and 3.603 t hm-2 on DMDM; 2.885 mm and no soil erosion on LMDD; 21.035 mm and 0.384 t hm-2 on DMD; 36.110 mm and 32.657 t hm–2 on GF. The soil and water conservation benefits on the four types of vegetation were in the following order(from high to low): LMDD > DMD > DMDL > GF. And also the soil and water conservation benefits have the following order, grass > shrub > tree, based on the comprehensive analysis of the height between canopies and ground, and the force of rain dropping on the soil. LMDD was suggested to be the optimum structure model for obtaining the ideal soil and water conservation benefits and the best usage of different vegetation. Keyword: forest, soil and water conservation, optimum model, vegetation The effects of forest on soil and water was a important problem for sustainable development.
  • Addition of Clopidogrel to Aspirin in 45 852 Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial

    Addition of Clopidogrel to Aspirin in 45 852 Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial

    Articles Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45 852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group* Summary Background Despite improvements in the emergency treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), early mortality and Lancet 2005; 366: 1607–21 morbidity remain high. The antiplatelet agent clopidogrel adds to the benefit of aspirin in acute coronary See Comment page 1587 syndromes without ST-segment elevation, but its effects in patients with ST-elevation MI were unclear. *Collaborators and participating hospitals listed at end of paper Methods 45 852 patients admitted to 1250 hospitals within 24 h of suspected acute MI onset were randomly Correspondence to: allocated clopidogrel 75 mg daily (n=22 961) or matching placebo (n=22 891) in addition to aspirin 162 mg daily. Dr Zhengming Chen, Clinical Trial 93% had ST-segment elevation or bundle branch block, and 7% had ST-segment depression. Treatment was to Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Richard Doll continue until discharge or up to 4 weeks in hospital (mean 15 days in survivors) and 93% of patients completed Building, Old Road Campus, it. The two prespecified co-primary outcomes were: (1) the composite of death, reinfarction, or stroke; and Oxford OX3 7LF, UK (2) death from any cause during the scheduled treatment period. Comparisons were by intention to treat, and [email protected] used the log-rank method. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00222573. or Dr Lixin Jiang, Fuwai Hospital, Findings Allocation to clopidogrel produced a highly significant 9% (95% CI 3–14) proportional reduction in death, Beijing 100037, P R China [email protected] reinfarction, or stroke (2121 [9·2%] clopidogrel vs 2310 [10·1%] placebo; p=0·002), corresponding to nine (SE 3) fewer events per 1000 patients treated for about 2 weeks.
  • Study on Evaluation of Ecological Environment Quality and Temporal-Spatial Evolution of Danjiang River Basin (Henan Section)

    Study on Evaluation of Ecological Environment Quality and Temporal-Spatial Evolution of Danjiang River Basin (Henan Section)

    Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 30, No. 3 (2021), 2353-2367 DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/128110 ONLINE PUBLICATION DATE: 2021-02-10 Original Research Study on Evaluation of Ecological Environment Quality and Temporal-Spatial Evolution of Danjiang River Basin (Henan Section) Shi-Dong Wang, Jin-Jin Si*, Yong Wang School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P.R. China Received: 28 April 2020 Accepted: 3 October 2020 Abstract The Danjiang River Basin (Henan Section) is the water source of the Middle Route of the South-to- North Water Transfer Project. Its ecological environment quality has received increasing attention. In this study, on the basis of the ecological environment of the study area, we constructed the evaluation index system from four aspects: ecological basis, ecological structure, ecological stress and ecological benefits. The variable fuzzy set model was improved by using the central point triangle whitening weight function and the relative difference function. The ecological environment quality of the Danjiang River Basin (Henan Section) in the past 20 years was evaluated, and the evolution patterns and causes of ecological environment quality were analyzed by combination with land use changing. And the results showed that the area with better ecological environment quality was significantly larger than the deterioration area. The area with poorer grade was decreased from 441.22 km2 in 1998 to 3.93 km2 in 2017, and its proportion was correspondingly decreased from 2.23% to 0.05%. The area with the ordinary grade was decreased from 4528.79 km2 in 1998 to 2636.47 km2 in 2017, and its proportion was correspondingly decreased from 53.67% to 31.24%; The moderately graded area was increased from 3132.7 km2 in 1998 to 5206.88 km2 in 2017, and its proportion was increased from 37.12% to 61.71%; the area with good grade was increased from 319.58 km2 in 1998 to 579.01 km2 in 2017, the area with the excellent grade of an evaluation rating was almost unchanged.
  • New Dinosaur Egg Material from Yunxian, Hubei Province, China Resolves the Classification of Dendroolithid Eggs

    New Dinosaur Egg Material from Yunxian, Hubei Province, China Resolves the Classification of Dendroolithid Eggs

    New dinosaur egg material from Yunxian, Hubei Province, China resolves the classification of dendroolithid eggs SHUKANG ZHANG, TZU-RUEI YANG, ZHENGQI LI, and YONGGUO HU Zhang, S., Yang, T.-R., Li, Z., and Hu, Y. 2018. New dinosaur egg material from Yunxian, Hubei Province, China resolves the classification of dendroolithid eggs. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (4): 671–678. The oofamily Dendroolithidae is a distinct group of dinosaur eggs reported from China and Mongolia, which is character- ized by branched eggshell units and irregular pore canals. The ootaxonomic inferences, however, were rarely discussed until now. A colonial nesting site was recently uncovered from the Qinglongshan region, Yunxian, Hubei Province, China. More than 30 dendroolithid egg clutches outcrop on the Tumiaoling Hill, including an extremely gigantic clutch containing 77 eggs. All clutches were exposed in the Upper Cretaceous fluvial-deposited Gaogou For mation. In this study, we emend the diagnosis of the oogenus Placoolithus and assign all dendroolithid eggs from the Tumiaoling Hill to a newly emended oospecies Placoolithus tumiaolingensis that shows greatly variable eggshell microstructure. Moreover, our study also disentangles the previous vexing classification of dendroolithid eggs. We conclude that Dendroolithus tumiaolingensis, D. hongzhaiziensis, and Paradendroolithus qinglongshanensis, all of which were previously reported from Yunxian, should be assigned to the newly emended oospecies Placoolithus tumiaolingensis. Key words: Dendroolithidae, Placoolithus, colonial nesting, Cretaceous, China, Yunxian, Tumiaoling Hill. Shukang Zhang [[email protected]], Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Science, 142 Xizhimenwai Street, Beijing, China. Tzu-Ruei Yang [[email protected]], Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie and Paläontologie, Rheinische-Frie- drich-Wilhelms Universitat Bonn, Nussallee 8, Bonn, Germany.
  • Poverty and Social Dimensions Analysis, and Summary Resettlement Action Plan

    Poverty and Social Dimensions Analysis, and Summary Resettlement Action Plan

    38 Appendix 2, page 1 POVERTY AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS ANALYSIS, AND SUMMARY RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN A. Introduction 1. The Project specifically targets poverty intervention by addressing critical agricultural and water supply constraints in a poor inland province. Because the water supply and irrigation component necessitates some resettlement from the pump site and regulating reservoir, a resettlement action plan was prepared. B. Socioeconomic Profile of Potential Beneficiaries 2. Demographic features. Agricultural communities in West Henan constitute about 83 percent of the total population, rising to 95 percent in Yichuan and Songxian. Twelve of the 32 counties in the project area are nationally designated poverty counties.1 While 98.4 percent of the population is ethnically Han, there are 18 different ethnic minority groups in the project area. Most counties have one or more ethnic minorities, on average 12 minority groups each. Almost 80 percent of the total minority population is accounted for by the three largest minorities: Muslim Hui, 61 percent of all minorities and 1 percent of total population, are concentrated in Zhengping, Dengfeng, Yuzhou, and Xinmi counties; Manchus, 11 percent of minorities, are concentrated in Nanzhao County; and Mongols, 7 percent of minorities, are concentrated in Neixiang County. The average household size is 4.20, slightly smaller than the province average of 4.59. Average household sizes in counties range from 3.3 in Luoyang to 5.0 in Yichuan. The average family size in Henan Province is 3.86, suggesting that, on average, most families have one additional household occupant (often a grandparent). 3. Settlement pattern and production systems.
  • Harvest Swing the Sickle for the Harvest Is Ripe! (Joel 3:13)

    Harvest Swing the Sickle for the Harvest Is Ripe! (Joel 3:13)

    Asia Harvest Swing the Sickle for the Harvest is Ripe! (Joel 3:13) Box 17 - Chang Klan P.O. - Chiang Mai 50101 - THAILAND Tel: (66-53) 801-487 Fax: (66-53) 800-665 Email: [email protected] Website: www.asiaharvest.org July 2002 - Newsletter #67 Henan Province Ripe for Harvest (PART THREE) Asia Harvest 2 July 2002 FrFromom thethe FrFrontont LinesLines with Paul & Joy Hattaway “And now, brothers, we want you to know about the grace that God has given the Macedonian churches. Out of the most severe trial, their overflowing joy and their extreme poverty welled up in rich generosity.” 2 Corinthians 8:1-2 “What kind of church is the Chinese house church?” I was asked this question once by a Western Christian who had never been to China. As he continued, it became apparent what he really wanted to know was what kind of denomination the Chinese house churches are. Are they an evangelical church? Baptists? Charismatics? I thought about his question for a few minutes before answering, “The house churches in China are a Biblical kind of church.” That answer didn’t satisfy him, but it is the most honest answer I knew to give. Note I didn’t say “a perfect church” but rather “a Biblical church.” The Chinese Church has plenty of problems, temptations, trials and weaknesses. It contains those who have various theological views, those who fall into sin, and those who cause division, just like the New Testament church. But the Chinese house churches are also like the early Church in that the vast major- ity of believers are fully committed to Christ, willing to die for Him and willing to live every moment for His glory.
  • Analysis of the Spatial-Temporal Change of the Vegetation Index in the Upper Reach of Han River Basin in 2000–2016

    Analysis of the Spatial-Temporal Change of the Vegetation Index in the Upper Reach of Han River Basin in 2000–2016

    Innovative water resources management – understanding and balancing interactions between humankind and nature Proc. IAHS, 379, 287–292, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-287-2018 Open Access © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Analysis of the spatial-temporal change of the vegetation index in the upper reach of Han River Basin in 2000–2016 Jinkai Luan1, Dengfeng Liu1,2, Lianpeng Zhang1, Qiang Huang1, Jiuliang Feng3, Mu Lin4, and Guobao Li5 1State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China 2Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA 3Shanxi Provincal Water and Soil Conservation and Ecological Environment Construction Center, Taiyuan 030002, China 4School of statistics and Mathematics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China 5Work team of hydraulic of Yulin City, Yulin 719000, China Correspondence: Dengfeng Liu ([email protected]) Received: 29 December 2017 – Revised: 25 March 2018 – Accepted: 26 March 2018 – Published: 5 June 2018 Abstract. Han River is the water source region of the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion in China and the ecological projects were implemented since many years ago. In order to monitor the change of vegetation in Han River and evaluate the effect of ecological projects, it is needed to reveal the spatial-temporal change of the vegetation in the upper reach of Han River quantitatively. The study is based on MODIS/Terra NDVI remote sensing data, and analyzes the spatial-temporal changes of the NDVI in August from 2000 to 2016 at pixel scale in the upper reach of Han River Basin.
  • RRP Resettlement Plan

    RRP Resettlement Plan

    Resettlement Due Diligence Report February 2020 PRC: Henan Sustainable Livestock Farming and Product Safety Demonstration Project Prepared by Henan Provincial Government for the Asian Development Bank. This resettlement due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Loan 3296-PRC: Henan Sustainable Livestock Farming and Product Safety Demonstration Project Due Diligence Report of Land Acquisition and Land use-right transfer Feb 2020 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 28 Feb 2020) Currency unit – Yuan (CNY) CNY 1.00 =$0.143 $ 1.00 = CNY 7.007 ABBREVIATION AAOV Average Annual Output Value AH Affected Household AP Affected Person DDR Due Diligence Review FSR Feasibility Study Report GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HH Household LAR Land Acquisition and Resettlement M&E Monitoring and Evaluation PMO Municipal Project Management Office NGO Non-Government Organization PAP Project Affected Persons PDRC Provincial Development and Reform Commission PCG Project Coordinating Group PIU Project Implementing Unit PMO Project Management Office PPEs Project Participating Enterprises PRC People’s Republic of China RP Resettlement Plan RIB Resettlement Information Booklet SOE State Owned Enterprise SPS Safeguard Policy Statement NOTES (i) The fiscal year of the Government of the People’s Republic of China and its agencies ends on 31 December.
  • Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020

    Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020

    Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020 Contents Heilongjiang ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Jilin ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Liaoning ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ........................................................................................................... 7 Beijing......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Hebei ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Henan .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Shandong .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Shanxi ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Shaanxi ......................................................................................................................................................
  • An Analytical Method for Detecting the Content of Metallic Elements in Honey..., Kem

    An Analytical Method for Detecting the Content of Metallic Elements in Honey..., Kem

    Z. Y. Zhang et al.: An Analytical Method for Detecting the Content of Metallic Elements in Honey..., Kem. Ind. 66 (11-12) (2017) 661−666 661 DOI: 10.15255/KUI.2017.034 An Analytical Method for Detecting the KUI-48/2017 Short communication Content of Metallic Elements in Honey Received September 25, 2017 Collected from Henan, China: Accepted November 2, 2017 A Systematic Investigation with ICP-AES This work is licensed under a * Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Z. Y. Zhang, W. X. Fan, M. Yang, and C. X. Cui International License Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453 003, P.R. China Abstract In this study, the method for determining ten elements (including K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) was designed. With this method, we evaluated 15 honey samples, including three kinds of honey collected from 11 different geographic sites in Henan province of China, with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spec- trometry (ICP-AES). The obtained detecting data were analysed with principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis techniques. The results showed that the recovery is in the range of 93.0−107.0 %, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all below 5.89 %, which indicates that the current analytical method is dependable for the detection of metallic elements in honey. Keywords ICP-AES, honey, metallic elements, principal component analysis, cluster analysis 1 Introduction plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Principal 1 component analysis and cluster analysis were performed Honey is produced by honey bees, and contains carbo- in SPSS software to classify and evaluate the content of hydrates, metallic elements, and vitamins.
  • HENAN-11 HIGHWA Y PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized

    HENAN-11 HIGHWA Y PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized

    HENAN-11 HIGHWA Y PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized ROAD IMPROVEMENTPROGRAM FOR POVERTYALLEVIATION (FIRST BATCH) E 0 INITIAL ENVIRONMENTALEVALUATION Public Disclosure Authorized orri *@ co Public Disclosure Authorized Henan Provincial Environmental Protection Institute September, 1995 Public Disclosure Authorized ~-= e Tableof Contents Introduction 1. EnvironmentalImpact Assessmentof CategoryA Projects 1.1 Project Description 1.2 Brief Descriptionof Phy3ioenvironmentaland SocioeconomicSituation 1.3 SectoralEnvironmental Setting 1.4 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment 1.5 MitigationMeasures 1.6 Public Consultation 2. EnvironmentalAction Planof CategoryB Projects 2.1 ProjectDescription 2.2 EnvironmentalSetting 2.3 PredictedEnvironmental Impacts 2.4 Mitigation Measures 3. EnvironmentalManagement Program for RIPAProjects 3.1 Institutional Arrangementsfor EnvironmentalManagement Organization 3.2 EnvironmentalManagement Network 4. EnvironmentalMonitoring Program for RIPAProjects 5. TrainingProgram for RIPAProjects AppendixA Key Elementsof the EnvironmentalAction Plan (EAP)of Road Improvement Programfor Poverty Alleviation INTROODUCTION The road improvementprogram for poverty alleviation (RIPA)is an integral part of HenanII Highway Project. The first batch of such projects involve 31 road segmentsincluded in 12 systems distributedin 10 poverty counties in 5 cities andprefectures of HenanProvince. See Table 1 for brief descriptionsand Map 1 for locationsof these projects. Thesesegments are small in size and at low grades.Out of the 31 segments,5
  • Study on Carrying Capacity of Resources in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area Based on GIS Technologies

    Study on Carrying Capacity of Resources in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area Based on GIS Technologies

    Study on Carrying Capacity of Resources in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area based on GIS Technologies Ke Liu, Yuhang Gan, Zhengyu Luo and Fanghong Ye Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center, Ministry of Natural Resources of P. R. China, Beijing, China Keywords: Carrying Capacity of Relative Resources, Sustainable Development, Mid-Route of the South-North Water Diversion Project, Danjiangkou Reservoir, GIS. Abstract: The environmental health and green development of the water source area of Mid-Route of the South-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) is not only essential for ensuring that “The clear water is sent to Beijing”, but also an important prerequisite for sustainable development of society and economy in the water source area. Based on national geographic survey data, basic surveying and mapping data and statistical yearbook data, this paper used the model of relative carrying capacity of resources to estimate and analyze the carrying capacity of relative natural resources (CCRNR), carrying capacity of relative economic resources (CCRER) and carrying capacity of relative resources (CCRR) and their spatial-temporal changes in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area of the water source area of the Mid-Route of SNWDP from 2009 to 2015 by Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies. The results were shown that: (1) CCRR increased significantly compared with that in 2009. However, CCRR in the study area was still overloaded in 2015. (2) CCRNR was rich, but decreased from 2009 to 2015. (3) CCRER was in a overloading state, which increased obviously from 2009 to 2015. The improvement of CCRER was the main reason for the sustainable growth of carrying capacity in the study area.