BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization III

Unlocking Brownﬁelds

KEYS TO COMMUNITY REVITALIZATION

National Association of Local Government Environmental Professionals Northeast-Midwest Institute About the National Association of Local Government Environmental Professionals Founded in 1993 by a group of local officials, NALGEP is a non-profit national organization representing local government professionals responsible for environmental compliance and the development and implementation of local environmental policy. NALGEP’s membership includes more than 200 local government entities located throughout America. NALGEP brings together local environmental officials to network and share information on innovative practices, conduct environmental policy projects, promote environmental training and education, and communicate views on national environmental issues. NALGEP is conducting projects on a wide range of environmental issues including brownfields, smart growth, USTfields, clean air, transportation innovation, and clean water. NALGEP is managed by Spiegel & McDiarmid, a national law firm located in Washington, DC. Please visit NALGEP’s website at www.nalgep.org.

About the Northeast-Midwest Institute The Northeast-Midwest Institute is a Washington-based, private, non-proﬁt, and non-partisan research organization dedicated to economic vitality, environmental quality, and regional equity for Northeast and Midwest States. Formed in the mid-1970’s, it fulﬁlls it’s mission by conducting research and analysis, developing and advancing innovative policy, providing evaluation of key federal and state programs, disseminating information, and highlighting sound economic and environmental technologies and practices. The Institute is unique among policy centers because of its ties to Congress through the Northeast-Midwest Congressional and Senate coalitions. Co-chaired by Senators Susan Collins (R-ME) and Jack Reed (D-RI), and Representatives Marty Meehan (D-MA) and Jack Quinn (R-NY), the bipartisan coalitions advance federal policies that enhance the region’s economy and environment. Please visit NE-MW’s website at www.nemw.org.

Contributors to this report include: Charles Bartsch Matt Ward Ken Brown Dave Dickson Bridget Thorsen Amy Ewen Peter Fox Unlocking Brownﬁ elds

KEYS TO COMMUNITY REVITALIZATION

National Association of Local Government Environmental Professionals Northeast-Midwest Institute

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization III

olvement in olvement he publication of this report marks the culmination of a decade of inv report marks the culmination of he publication of this has been one of the most movement national Being a part of this growing brownfields. of our careers thus far. endeavors exciting and challenging We want to thank the following funders who have helped make this report possible: the funders who have to thank the following want We No one embodies the spirit of brownfields innovation more than Linda Garczynski, more than innovation No one embodies the spirit of brownfields We would like to give special thanks and appreciation to the members of the Brownfield of the Brownfield special thanks and appreciation to the members like to give would We Indeed, the brownfields movement and brownfields success are really about success are really about and brownfields movement Indeed, the brownfields winner of this prestigious award in 2000. NALGEP and the Northeast-Midwest Institute were Institute were NALGEP and the Northeast-Midwest in 2000. winner of this prestigious award unable to was since EPA the proud recipients of the cash prize associated with this award, $500,000 over well used this grant to leverage spirit, we In the brownfields accept the funds. to conduct research, education, and outreach on the tools for in additional funds for our work The publication of this report is an important part of this effort. reuse. successful brownfields EPA Office of Brownfields Cleanup and Redevelopment; the EPA Land Revitalization Initiative; Initiative; Land Revitalization the EPA Cleanup and Redevelopment; Office of Brownfields EPA special thanks to the Council for Excellence in give 4. We Region 3; and EPA Region EPA at the John F. and Innovation and the Ash Institute for Democratic Governance Government administer the “Innovations who jointly University, at Harvard School of Government Kennedy a national Program was Brownfields program. The EPA awards in American Government” in providing the leadership in Washington to establish the federal brownfields partnership, to establish the federal brownfields the leadership in Washington in providing billons federal agencies and helped leverage which has garnered the support of more than 20 for thank you sector resources for community revitalization. Linda, we of dollars in private belief in the ability of each unwavering support, and your leadership, your your vision, your resources, with the right tools, individual to make an important difference if empowered and information. included in this report. We also want to thank all of the localities that are profiled in this report. that are profiled to thank all of the localities also want included in this report. We appreciate across the nation. We is an inspiration to us and to communities Their innovation effort to prepare this report. their cooperation and support in our Cleanup and Office of Brownfields Agency’s Director of the U.S. Environmental Protection and movement, instrumental in launching the national brownfields Linda was Redevelopment. partnerships, leveraging the resources, and coming up with the new strategies required to and coming up with the the resources, leveraging partnerships, own differences in their positive each made major, They have revitalize their communities. The movement. brownfields contributions to the national as valuable as well communities, during of our work been critical to the success expertise and support have Council’s Advisory and recommendations findings, to shape the profiles, the past decade and their input helped willing to venture outside the box and reach out to other partners. On behalf of NALGEP and out to other partners. outside the box and reach willing to venture some of these innovative acknowledge wish to Institute (NE-MW), we the Northeast-Midwest during the past decade. had the pleasure to work have people with whom we represent the these local officials v, Council. Listed on page Advisory Communities Network building the out day in and They are on the front lines day leaders. true brownfields nation’s people — people with ideas, people with vision, people with energy and enthusiasm, people people with vision, people people with ideas, — people people with dedication, people not satisfied with the status quo of blighted communities, Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T IV UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization commitment, andyour friendship. other membersoftheEPA Region 8brownfields team.We appreciateyour leadership,your Deborah Orr, andtheRegion 5brownfields team;andKathie Atencio, MaryAhlstrom,and Mickey Hartnett,OlgaPerry, EddieWright, andtheEPA Region 4brownfields team;JoeDufficy, team; Tom Stolle, AndrewKrieder, andothermembersoftheEPA Region 3brownfields team; EPA OfficeofUndergroundStorageTanks; LarryD’Andrea andtheEPA Region 2brownfields Prins oftheEPA LandRevitalization Initiative; CliffRothenstein andStephenMcNeelyofthe Buckholtz intheEPA OSWERAssistantAdministrator’s office;StephenLuftigandChristopher Gayle Rice, MyraBlakely, Patricia Overmeyer andothersintheEPA Brownfields Office;Marjorie and instrumentaltothesuccessofourwork duringthepastdecade:Sven-Erik Kaiser, Tony Raia, of thisreport. for publication. And we thankJeanDonaldsonandFranHobsonfortheireffortstopreparethefinal report helping topreparethemany profilesoflocalbrownfields innovation includedinthereport. support forthisproject. also want tothanktheNE-MW boardandNE-MWExecutive DirectorDickMunsonfortheir implementation ofthisprojectandtheircommitmenttobrownfield redevelopment. We We thanktheNALGEPBoardofDirectorsfor theirsupportandguidanceinthe We would alsoliketothankthefollowing individualswhohave beenimportantpartners Finally, thankstoFreehandPressanddesignerHollyMansfield fortheirexcellentdesign We give specialthankstoDavid Dickson,BridgetThorsen,Amy Ewen andPeter Fox for Charlie Bartsch•Ken Brown •MattWard

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization V City of Stamford, CT City of New Bedford, MA City of Chicago, IL City of New Bedford, MA City of Missoula, MT City of Glen Cove, NY City of Jackson, MS City of Des Moines, IA City of Kansas City, MO City of Kansas City, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC Washington, Agency, US Environmental Protection City of Stamford, CT Northeast Midwest Institute City of Stamford, CT City of Charlotte, NC Nassau County, NY Nassau County, City of Chicago, IL City of New Bedford, MA City of New City of Providence, RI City of Providence, City of St. Louis Development Corporation, St. Louis, MO Development Corporation, St. Louis, City of St. Louis City of Los Angeles, CA City of Los City of Allentown, PA City of Lowell, MA City of Lowell, South Florida Regional Planning Council, Hollywood, FL South Florida Regional Planning Council, Gila River Indian Community, Sacaton, AZ Sacaton, Gila River Indian Community, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration City of Houston, TX City of Rochester, NY City of Rochester, Land of Sky Regional Council, Asheville, NC Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City, UT Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City, City of Trenton, NJ City of Trenton, City of Portland, OR City of Portland, National Association of Development Organizations, Washington, DC National Association of Development Organizations, Washington, City of Dallas, TX King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Seattle, WA Seattle, of Natural Resources and Parks, King County Department Baltimore Development Corporation, Baltimore, MD City of Houston, TX El Paso County, CO County, El Paso US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC Washington, Agency, US Environmental Protection City of East Palo Alto, CA City of East Palo Brownﬁelds Communities Network — Advisory Council — Network Communities Brownﬁelds Ellen Walkowiak, Ellen Walkowiak, Warshauer, Tom Kimberly Worthington, Tony Raia, Raia, Tony David Reel, Cyndi Romero, Tarbet, Valda Townley, Ron Dawn Moses, Neely, Robert Novak, Kelly Danielle Oglesby, Evans Paull, Mayor Dannel P. Malloy, Malloy, Mayor Dannel P. Manning, Terry Michael McCormack, McGee, LaVonne McGrew, Kevin Clark Henry, Clark Henry, Marcia Jimenez, Sven-Erik Kaiser, Kalisz, Mayor Frederick Lily Lee, Mark Gregor, Mark Gregor, Ann Grimes, Groch, Roberta Jerry Haile, Dianne Hanna, J.R. Capasso, Brian Connors, Sandra Dennies, Noemi Emeric, Charles Bartsch, Timothy Beeble, Benrubi, Robert Jennifer Blumberg, Andrew Bracker, Scott Alphonse, Scott Alphonse, Lucy Auster,

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...... U.S. Department of Transportation — On the Track Toward Revitalization in Revitalization Toward On the Track — U.S. Department of Transportation CT Stamford, New Jersey Oregon Pennsylvania Wisconsin Infrastructure Beefing Up Brownfields — Economic Development Administration and Industrial Past Up the Dredging — U.S. Army Corps of Engineers City KS/MO in Kansas Building Blocks for — Department of Housing and Urban Development NY in Glen Cove, Waterfront Channeling a Revitalized CA in Los Angeles, Revitalization Brownfields Chicago, IL — City Demonstrates National Brownfields Leadership Brownfields National City Demonstrates — Chicago, IL Redevelopment Brownfields Promote To Tools New Develops City — MD Baltimore, Areas Economically Distressed Revitalizing — Alto, CA East Palo Revitalization and Education Spurs Community Outreach — Houston, TX Community Around Turns Strategy Brownfields Area-Wide — CA Emeryville, Brownfields Helps Small Businesses Revitalize Assistance WA—Technical King County/Seattle, Massachusetts Michigan Strong Local-Federal Partnerships Strong Local-Federal Effective State Brownfields Programs State Brownfields Effective A Federal Brownfields Agenda Brownfields A Federal Programs Local Brownfields Innovative What Are Brownfields? Myths and Facts Common Brownfield Revitalization Important? The Benefits of Brownfields are Brownfields Why 10 Keys to Brownfields Success to Brownfields Keys 10 Opportunity Still to Unlock More Doors to Brownfields on the Decade of Progress Building — Network Communities The Brownfield Agenda Action — Communities Network Brownfields About this Report About this Report Progress A Decade of Brownfields Revitalization Brownfields Localities Foster Reuse Brownfields For is Critical Public Investment Unlocking Brownfields Potential Across America Across Potential Brownfields Unlocking Building a Strong Brownfields Program Building a Strong Brownfields Brownfields Background Contents Summary Executive VIII UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Successful BrownfieldsProjects Large ScaleCommercial Educational andCulturalInstitutions Sports Stadiums Recreational Facilities Community Facilities Waterfront Redevelopment Housing Projects Providence, RI National Park Service — Creating anUnderwaterBrownfields Experiencein Department ofJustice — Weeding outCrime, SeedingRevitalization in ofJohnsonStreet Quarry Minneapolis, MN — Community InputisKey toRevitalization St. Louis, MO — Gateway toBrownfields Revitalization Elizabeth, NJ — Retail SuccessataFormer Landfill Waterbury, CT — Adding Polish tothe Brass City ofCommunityAgain Evanston, WY — Abandoned Railyard andRoundhouse isIntegral Part Meadville, PA — Old Textile MillBecomesOutdoorLearningCenter Erie, PA — Former Power PlantSiteFuelsWaterfront Museum&Revitalization Dallas, TX — American AirlinesCenterisBigBrownfields Victoryfor BigD Fontana, CA — California SpeedwayCreated bySpeedyCleanup Bridgeport, CT — From Brownfields toBallparks Wilmington, NC — Building aSoccerFieldofDreams onaLandfill Wyandotte, MI — From ChemicalWasteland toFore! ontheShore Trenton, NJ—CityRecycles AbandonedGasStationstoMeetCommunityNeeds Clearwater, FL—From HealthRisktoServicesProvider Springfield, OH—NewHopeatNewCancerCenteronOldBrownfield Baraboo, WI—CityTurns OldRail Yard intoNewServiceCenter East Moline, IL — Small CityTransforms LandfilltoWaterfront Condos Bend, OR — Town Turns AbandonedTimberMillintoNewWaterfront Destination Louisville, KY — Community Reclaims itsRiverfront Cincinnati, OH — From Factories toFactory-Built Housing Spartanburg County, SC — Neighborhood Partnership BringsRevitalization Trenton, NJ — Neighborhood Rejuvenation onaMonumentalScale Brownfield Redevelopment inCleveland,OH NIEHS — Creates JOBSinHistoricLowell,MA NewBedford Waterfront Department oftheTreasury — Federal NewMarketTax Credits for inDesMoines, IA NOAA — Coasting toBrownfields Revitalization onthe Federal HousingFinanceBoard — Financing aMixed-UseUrbanVillage U.S. Forest Service — Unique EcologicalArea BuddinginChicago,IL Charleston,SC National Park Service — Rehabilitating anUrbanPark inEastPalo Alto,CA ......

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...... St. Paul, MN — Railyard Reclaimed to Complete Trail System Trail to Complete Reclaimed Railyard — MN St. Paul, Out of Dixisteel Makes Lemonade Station Project Atlantic — GA Atlanta, Coalition Seeks to Channel New Development to Urban Corridor Regional — Southeast FL to Brightfield Brownfield From — Chicago, IL a National Landmark into the Montgomery Recycling — MD Baltimore, Center Business Park Milwaukee, WI — From Gas Station to Coffee House at Neighborhood Landmark House at Neighborhood Gas Station to Coffee From — WI Milwaukee, on Albina Corner Sparks Revitalization Project Smart Growth — OR Portland, a Bright Future Insuring — WI Kenosha, Neighborhood of Distressed Industrial Employment Center An Restoring — Chicago, IL Sake Recycling's for Land Recycling — SC Spartanburg, Modern Manufacturing for Clearing the Way — Meriden, CT Space to Fight Crime Using Open — CO Denver, Rochester, NY — Old Auto Dealer Becomes Art Deco Coffee Showroom Becomes Art Deco Dealer Old Auto — NY Rochester, Up New Harley Dealership Loan Helps Rev Brownfields — CT Stamford, Connect Brownfields with Community Revitalization Priorities with Community Revitalization Connect Brownfields Begin with the End in Mind Citizens from the Start Involve Its Risk Sector & Reduce Engage the Private for You Make Cleanups Work the Funding Leverage State with Your Join Forces Agencies Federal Key with Partner Nothing Succeeds Like Success Field a Strong Brownfields Team with Leadership from the Top Team Field a Strong Brownfields

          New Castle County, DE — Environmental Threat Becomes — DE New Castle County, to Residental From RCRA — MI Muskegon Heights, Treasure Environmental Anaconda, MT — Jack Nicklaus Helps Transform Superfund Site into Superfund Jack Nicklaus Helps Transform — Anaconda, MT Class Golf Course World Green Buildings Open Space Smart Growth Manufacturing Small Scale Commercial Small Developments Mixed-Use Brownfields Resources Keys to Brownfields Success to Keys Using Brownfield Strategies to Achieve Success at at Success Achieve to Strategies Brownfield Using Sites RCRA and Superfund

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 1 Executive Summary Executive 2 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization creation, newcommunityvitality, andthe spark ofeconomicgrowth. their communityrevitalization objectives. Theresultsincludemoreenvironmental cleanup,job new parks, localitiesareusingbrownfields asatooltoenhancelocal qualityoflifeandachieve redevelopment, affordablehousing,retailandcommercialreinvestment, orthecreationof hold thekeytoenvironmentalhealthandeconomicrevitalization. Whetherit'sw development, threaten public health and the environment, and encourage urban sprawl. "brownfield" properties nationwide. Brownfields legalcause liabilityblight to issues.neighborhoods, It is estimated inhibit economicthat there could be as many as 1 million of thesefor years so-called due to fear of environmental contamination, unknown cleanup costs, and potential ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ Unlocking Brownfi elds Potential AcrossAmerica and office development, andawaterfront park. vision forrevitalizationthatwillincludeupgradedinfrastructure manufacturing thwarted redevelopment. estate ontheSanFranciscoBay satunused,becausealegacyofpollutionfromchemical In thepoor, minoritycommunityofEastPalo Alto,California,130 acresofprimereal sits ontheformerlotsandbringsmillionsofvisitorstoCity'srevitalizedeastside buildings thatwere magnetsforcriminalactivity. The eastsideofHouston,Texas was marredby 25acresofvacant lotsanddilapidated properties andcleaninguptheentireneighborhood. created 50 newjobsinCharlesTown's brownfield area,andinvestors have begunbuying redevelop thetown centerandslow sprawling development. Anewbusinessrecently of town. rapid growth anddevelopment iscovering thefarmfields andscenicvistasontheedge The smallcityofCharlesTown, West Virginiaisblightedby acresofidleproperties, and open indowntown EaglePoint. gas stationsitehasbeencleanedup,clearingtheway forseveral newsmallbusinessesto old gasstationonakeydowntown lotimpededcommunityrevitalizationefforts. In thepicturesquebutstrugglingloggingtown ofEaglePoint, Oregon,contaminationatan greets residentsandvisitorsastheyentertheCity. gateway andlandmarkforyears. In Bridgeport,Connecticutanold,abandonedindustrialeyesore served astheCity'smain However, ascommunitiesacrossAmericaareshowing, thesebrownfields canalso Virtually every community in America is plagued by idle properties that lay abandoned Now , communityleadershave establishedabrownfields strategydesignedto Now , anattractive newsportsand entertainmentarea Now , EastPalo Altohasbeguntoimplementits Now , theHoustonAstros'newballpark , newhousing,commercial aterfront Now . , the UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 3

wnfields. We have have We wnfields. As a result, cities like Chicago and Cleveland began organizing forums to develop new began organizing forums to develop As a result, cities like Chicago and Cleveland The brownfields movement began in the early 1990s as local communities began to as local communities began in the early 1990s movement The brownfields This report represents the culmination of a decade of research and experience focused on on focused experience and research of decade a of culmination the represents report This We have conducted substantial research to identify the key components of successful successful of components key the identify to research substantial conducted have We Hundreds of communities have established local brownfields programs; established local brownfields Hundreds of communities have incentives programs and other brownfields cleanup voluntary have states now Forty-nine on the books; and Urban Development (HUD) and others. All of these actions have contributed to a decade All of these actions have (HUD) and others. and Urban Development of remarkable results: ◗ ◗ Initiative, which focused on clarifying the liability associated with the cleanup of brownfield clarifying the liability associated with the cleanup of brownfield which focused on Initiative, pilot programs in communities funding to create local brownfield and providing properties, partnership which has established the federal brownfields across the nation. In addition, EPA including the Economic other federal agencies, the participation of more than 20 leveraged the Department of Housing Corps of Engineers, the Army (EDA), Administration Development the development community. community. the development Minnesota States like Illinois, redevelopment. the barriers to brownfields strategies to overcome parties cleanup programs to encourage private state voluntary and New Jersey began to develop The U.S. properties. to address environmental issues on brownfield step forward to voluntarily Economic Redevelopment launched the Brownfields Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recognize that the fear and uncertainty associated with potential environmental contamination recognize that the fear and uncertainty and financial areas vital. Developers seriously undermining efforts to keep urban was properties. brownfield to redevelop their time and money reluctant to invest institutions were where there were in so-called "greenfields" content to focus their resources Instead, they were then who was Michael White, process. the development no environmental issues to complicate environmental contamination the number one obstacle facing called of Cleveland, the Mayor neighborhoods across America. and most challenging, come to represent one of the most exciting, have Brownfields in the nation, as local communities turn initiatives environmental and economic development again. places back into productive their blighted brownfields A Decade of Brownfields Progress progress that has resulted has produced a decade of remarkable movement The brownfields the creation of thousands of jobs, of properties, in the cleanup and reuse of thousands of hundreds of and the revitalization sector dollars, of billions of private the leveraging brownfields reuse. It includes more than 50 profiles of successful brownfields projects and and projects brownfields successful of profiles 50 than more includes It reuse. brownfields brownfields of evolution the encompass which findings comprehensive four and programs more help will report this hope We Success." Brownfields to Keys "10 the and America in success revitalization. to door the open and brownfields, of potential the unlock communities agencies to develop new tools and approaches to promote brownfields reuse. reuse. and approaches to promote brownfields new tools agencies to develop with talked and communities numerous visited have We programs. and projects brownfields local the at not does what and works what about firsthand learn to officials local of hundreds and workshops revitalization brownfields of dozens in participated and organized have We level. expertise. and knowledge our develop further to and learned lessons share to sessions training About This Report This About and Professionals (NALGEP) Environmental Local Government Association of The National than a decade localities for more with worked have Institute (NE-MW) the Northeast-Midwest blighted bro potential at and economic community revitalization to unlock brownfields and other top local Communities Showcase the Brownfields closely with worked and with state and federal and lenders, developers with private partnered have We leaders. 4 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ the residentsoftheircommunities. For example: programs andpartnershipsarehelpinglocalitiesredevelop propertiesanddeliver realresultsto Moreover, asthenumerousexamplesinthisreportdemonstrate, thesenewbrownfields ◗ ◗ leadership anddevelop newapproachesforbrownfields reuse. brownfields successdependsontheongoingabilityof localitiestocontinueprovide Local governments areuniquely situatedtofosterbrownfields revitalization,andlongterm Finding #1 Localities FosterBrownfieldsRevitalization ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ helping localities redevelop properties anddeliver real These new brownfields programs andpartnerships are EPA reportsthatitsbrownfields programhasleveraged morethan$6.5billioninprivate federal agenciesduringthepastdecade. More than700 localcommunitieshave received brownfields fundingfromEPA andother and remediation; and prospective purchasers andareliablesourceoffundingforenvironmentalassessment Revitalization Act — which provides furtherliabilityprotectionsforinnocentlandowners In 2002, PresidentBushsignedthenation'sfirstfederalbrownfields law — the Brownfields brownfields investment. The stateestimatesthatevery dollarofpublicfundshasleveraged $28inprivate land, andledtothedevelopment of1,500 newhousingunitsduringthepastdecade. stimulated $2.3billioninprivate investment, helped175businesseslocateonrecycled The StateofMichiganestimatesthatitsbrownfields programhascreated13,000 newjobs, communities andacrossthenation; brownfields organizers, advocates andchampions, sparkingrevitalizationinnumerous Hundreds ofnon-profit,community-based,andacademicorganizationshave emergedas infrastructure, jobsandeconomicdevelopment, andsocialequity; brownfields revitalizationtobroaderissuesofsmartgrowth, cleanairandwater, and revitalizedhundredsofacresproperty, createdmany dozensofjobs, andconnected The CityofChicagohascollected$70 millionforitslocalbrownfields program,cleaned increased by $796millionduetobrownfields revitalization; jobs have beencreated,121 businesseshave locatedonbrownfields, andtaxrevenues have The Commonwealth ofMassachusettsreportsthat20,000 siteshave beencleanedup,7,400 more than4,800properties; investment, ledtothecreation ofmorethan29,000jobsandresultedintheassessment results to theresidents oftheircommunities.

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 5 , and focus . However, as the profiles in this report demonstrate, there are countless examples where a as the profiles in this report demonstrate, However, citizen participation in, brownfields efforts. citizen participation in, brownfields Many localities are seeking brownfields property for their own reuse projects, including reuse projects, own property for their localities are seeking brownfields Many act as "brownfields Localities also often and recreational areas. parks, public facilities, parcels, cleaning them up, assembling properties, obtaining brownfield by brokers," sector for private and then flipping the properties to the infrastructure, improving projects. redevelopment education on, and foster public outreach and are best able to provide Local governments the public sector must play a crucial "jump-start" role in removing brownfields barriers, barriers, brownfields role in removing a crucial "jump-start" the public sector must play and facilitating re-use plans. attracting resources, and abilities to strong incentives and have brownfields own local governments Many revitalize these properties. Local governments often have established relationships and shared objectives for and shared objectives established relationships often have Local governments non-profit industry, the local business community, revitalization with brownfields stakeholders. and other key organizations, state and federal funding and can be an important conduit for local, Local governments and revitalization. Although some assessment, cleanup, other resources for brownfields other sites at many alone, sector the private by contaminated sites are being redeveloped Recognizing this, when EPA launched its Brownfields Action Agenda in the mid-1990s, the Agenda in the mid-1990s, Action launched its Brownfields when EPA this, Recognizing resources at the local community level. Agency focused its community the economic development, are best able to integrate Local governments of the local citizenry public health and environmental goals revitalization, and goal. a common revitalization them toward Local governments are "on the ground" at brownfields sites, and are best situated to lead are best situated and sites, the ground" at brownfields are "on Local governments the community. efforts in brownfields and facilitate of and revitalization in the cleanup of experience decades have Local governments coined. was the term "brownfield" before well beginning properties, contaminated modest public investment leveraged the private sector resources required to complete successful the private leveraged modest public investment for broader catalysts as effective served projects have of these brownfields Many reuse projects. revitalization, creating new jobs and restoring the tax base for communities than the value of the properties themselves. These "upside down" brownfields with depressed brownfields These "upside down" of the properties themselves. than the value of neglect and economic suffered from years tend to be in areas that have real estate values The impacts of the blight tend to fall disproportionately on neighborhoods disinvestments. continue these sites would Without public investment, and moderate income families. with low to remain idle and blight neighborhoods. Public investments in environmental assessment and cleanup, site preparation, and Public investments properties. brownfield of many infrastructure are critical to the successful redevelopment financing, there projects are successfully completed using only private brownfield While many There are many not succeed without public assistance. are also numerous projects that would such as cleanup and site preparation, are much higher costs, sites where the pre-development Public Investment is Critical For Brownfields Reuse Public Investment is Critical Finding #2 ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ More specifically: More ◗ ◗ 6 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Our researchhasidentified10 keys tobrownfields successthatcanempower communitiesto Finding #3 10 Keys toBrownfieldsSuccess leverage economicrevitalization. and provides examplesof how communitieshave putthesepublicfinancingtoolstowork to provide assistanceandresources toredevelopment projects. Thisreportincludes information reuse. Numerouspublicagencypartnershave emergedatthelocal,state, andfederallevels, to financing tools, including grants, loans, revolving loanfunds, andtaxincentives tostimulate        environmental key: Success," canhelplocalities unlockcommunityandeconomicopportunitywithan spark increasedrevitalization. Without publicinvestment, these sites would continue to

leverage avariety ofpublic andprivate sourcesfor brownfields revitalization. the many facetsofabrownfields project,themostsuccessfulcommunitieswill help into realresults. However, becausethereisusuallynosinglesource ofmoneytocomplete costs thebrownfields deal-breaker. redevelopers areusingnewstrategiesandtechnologiestoavoid makingenvironmental environmental cleanupchallengesatcontaminatedsites. Communitiesandbrownfields facilitate private sectorstrategies. communities mustunderstandprivate sectorneeds, helpreduceprivate sectorrisk,and be revitalizedby theprivate sector, withthe supportofprivate finance. Thus, local most importantingredientsforasuccessfulbrownfield project. Involve Citizensfromthe Start local communityfirstidentifiesthepotentialreuseofidled,contaminatedproperty. Begin withthe EndinMind brownfields initiatives totheirbroadercommunityvisionandrevitalizationpriorities. and economicopportunitiesthathappentohave anenvironmentalchallenge, andconnect succeed inbrownfields revitalizationwhentheyconsiderthesepropertiesascommunity Connect Brownfields withCommunityRevitalization Prioritie team of public and private supporters, and a citizens stakeholder advisory group. teams that include prominent local leaders, a brownfields staff champion, a cross-sector about people. Localities most successful in brownfields revitalization have set up brownfields Field a Strong Brownfields Team with Leadership From the Top During thepastdecade, brownfields stakeholdershave developed awiderangeofpublic Leverage the Funding Make CleanupsWork forYou Engage the Private Sector&Reduce ItsRisk Discussed ingreaterdetaillaterthereport,following "10 Keys toBrownfields remain idleandblightneighborhoods. —Fundingisessentialfor turning acommunity'sbrownfields vision —Brownfields projectshave muchgreatersuccesswhenthe —Brownfields successultimatelyinvolves overcoming

— Communityinvolvement andconsensusisoneofthe —Mostbrownﬁelds propertieswill s — Brownﬁelds success is —Communitieswill UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 7

vernments that acquire vernments — Brownfields revitalization is enhanced by the strong by is enhanced revitalization — Brownfields s — To achieve its brownfields vision, a local community vision, a local community its brownfields achieve — To

— Now more than ever, the success of local brownfields of local brownfields success the than ever, more — Now sites. EPA should continue to work with stakeholders to overcome these obstacles and with stakeholders to overcome to work should continue EPA sites. promote the reuse of these sites. green via brownfields of reuse responsible environmentally the of examples growing are There open and parks of preservation growth, smart practices, development impact low building, Significant lack of clarity remains concerning the liability for local go should work properties for the purpose of promoting revitalization. EPA brownfields will not be liable under Superfund for the with localities to clarify that local governments properties through of contaminated brownfield acquisition" and ownership "involuntary eminent domain or condemnation. Superfund and federal facility inconsistencies still inhibit the reuse of RCRA, Regulatory should be developed in light of the dramatic economic benefits from brownfields reuse. brownfields from benefits economic dramatic the of light in developed be should communities across expertise and capacity still exists in many A lack of local brownfields training and outreach Additional especially in small and rural communities. — the country reuse and the brownfields of is needed to educate these communities about the benefits tools to facilitate revitalization. at their sites. at their sites. and cleanup for funding especially projects, brownfield for funding inadequate and still is There Administration the benefits, well-documented the Despite costs. and law, pre-development other brownfields new the by authorized programs the fund fully to failed funding have public of Congress sources New budgets. tight to due funding brownfields cut have states several moth-balled sites, such as old landfills, salvage yards, ports, rail yards, and mine scarred rail yards, ports, yards, salvage such as old landfills, moth-balled sites, and new partnerships with stakeholders to develop should continue to work EPA lands. types of properties. approaches to address the reuse of these or enter into investigations are still reluctant to conduct site property owners Many are needed More tools and incentives liability. transactions due to fear of environmental and address the environmental concerns to assess to encourage these property owners Communities continue to grapple with the challenges of redeveloping difficult, often the challenges of redeveloping Communities continue to grapple with a valuable resource for local communities, and a key to local brownfields success is to take success and a key to local brownfields communities, resource for local a valuable and assistance. of these federal resources advantage Like Success Nothing Succeeds to the community and confidence to give progress, toward must make small steps stakeholders. brownfields Join Forces with Your State Your with Forces Join and programs, of state brownfields and capacity upon the strength will depend initiatives with their states. of localities to partner the ability Agencie Federal with Key Partner of key and the "federal family" communities local that emerged between partnership agencies continue to be problem. These resources to the brownfields agencies that targeted

◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ significant barriers to brownfields revitalization remain. revitalization significant barriers to brownfields to turn these along with recommendations for how barriers are described below, Several opportunities. challenges into new brownfields ◗ More Doors to Brownfields Opportunity Still to Unlock Brownfields Opportunity Still More Doors to Finding #4 number of success stories, and the ever-increasing Despite the decade of progress in brownfields    8 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ ◗ programs. For example: A numberofbarriersstillimpedetheeffectiveness offederalbrownfields policiesand educate stakeholders about the opportunities to promote these sustainable practices. space, transit-oriented development, and pollution prevention. More outreach is needed to opportunities toimprove statebrownfields programsby: (1)providing sufficientstaffto Despite thetremendousprogress ofstatevoluntary cleanup programs, thereare – – – – – – – country — especially insmallandrural communities. The current HUD Brownfields Economic Development Initiative (BEDI) program requires Since2002, theAdministration andCongresshave failedtoprovide fundingforthe TheSmallBusinessAdministration (SBA) typicallywillnotprovide financialassistance HUDisgrapplingwiththeimpactsofcontaminationandpotentialliabilityon Underthenewfederalbrownfields law, EPA cannotprovide fundingfortheassessment Currentlaw makes itdifficultfortheArmy Corps ofEngineerstouseitsauthorities TheEconomicDevelopment Administration (EDA) lastyear eliminated brownfields A lackoflocalbrownfields expertise andcapacity water resourcepriorities. of several promisinglegislative approachestosupporttheseimportantcommunity and support brownfields revitalizationonAmerica'swaterfronts. Congressshouldenactany increase fundingforreuseprojectsabletotakeadvantage ofbrownfield locations. recent years. CongressandEDA shouldmakebrownfields redevelopment apriority and as anofficialagencypriority, andEDA has reducedfundingforbrownfields projectsin distressed communities. facilities. Fullfundingshouldberestoredtoensurethatqualityoflifeisprotected in which provides criticalresourcesfortherehabilitationofurbanparksandrecreation Department ofInterior'sUrbanParks andRecreation Recovery Program(UPARR), because newfederalandstatelaws makeitstraightforward toaddresstheseissues. reformed sinceanumberofsmallbusinessesarelookingtolocateonbro for projectswhereenvironmentalcontaminationisaconcern.Thispolicyshouldbe successfully builtonbrownfields, HUDshouldupdateitspolicies. retain sitecontrol.Sinceawiderangeofprivately-led housingprojectshave been not available foruseonsiteswheretheDepartmentoritspublichousingauthorities Department's useofresourcesincommunities. HUDhousingprogramsaregenerally revitalization tool more accessible to small cities and other communities. grants from Section 108 will go a long way towards making this valuable brownfield especially small and rural communities, to access the BEDI program. De-linking the BEDI redevelopment projects. This provision makes it very difficult for many communities, that recipients of BEDI grants also use Section 108 loan guarantees for their Brownfield barriers tofacilitatetheredevelopment ofmorebrownfield properties. EPA fundstopay forreasonableadministrative costs. Lawmakers shouldaddressthese and cleanupofsitesacquiredpriortoJanuary2002, andgrantrecipientscannotuse still exists inmany communities across the wnfields and UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 9 olvement in olvement www.nalgep.org

At the first-ever Brownfield Communities Summit, held in Washington DC in the summer DC in Communities Summit, held in Washington Brownfield the first-ever At The Brownfield Communities Network promotes the cleanup and reuse of brownfields by: by: cleanup and reuse of brownfields promotes the Communities Network The Brownfield Guided by an Advisory Council of the nation's local brownfield leaders, the Network the Network leaders, Council of the nation's local brownfield an Advisory Guided by showcasing examples of successful local brownfields programs and projects; programs examples of successful local brownfields showcasing and reuse; obstacles to brownfields new approaches to overcome developing issues. on state and national brownfields of local communities communicating the views providing a forum for communities across the nation to overcome brownfield barriers and brownfield nation to overcome a forum for communities across the providing and partnerships; resources strategies, share lessons learned regarding tools, local communities and other stakeholders; technical assistance and training to providing ensure timely approvals for voluntary cleanups; (2) increasing funding for site assessment, assessment, for site funding increasing (2) cleanups; for voluntary approvals timely ensure from state underground funding (3) better leveraging costs; predevelopment cleanup and the cleanup funding, to promote other sources of brownfields programs with storage tank greater inv and (4) obtaining with petroleum; of sites contaminated and reuse land infrastructure, transportation, development, from state economic projects brownfields housing agencies. and use, For more information on the Brownfield Communities Network, visit visit Communities Network, Brownfield more information on the For of 2004, the Network developed an "Action Agenda" (see box) designed to advance efforts to advance Agenda" (see box) designed an "Action developed the Network of 2004, the barriers to brownfields abilities to overcome on key issues that will enhance localities' revitalization. ◗ ◗ ◗ leading brownfields communities developed during the past decade and export it to their peers. past decade and export it to their peers. during the communities developed leading brownfields ◗ ◗ to build connections among community leaders promoting the reuse of contaminated The Network isproperty. demonstrating that individuals can be catalysts for change in their communities developing by a vision for revitalization and utilizing brownfield tools to make the vision a reality. and experience that the nation's expertise, to harness the substantial knowledge, is working The Brownfield Communities Network: The Brownfield Decade of Progress Building on the NALGEP and NE-MW launched the Brownfield Communities Network in 2004 to continue 10 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ Sustainable BrownfieldReuse ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ Overcoming theToughest BrownfieldBarriers ◗ ◗ Implementation oftheNewBrownfieldsLaw ◗ ◗ ◗ Increase BrownfieldsFunding ◗

Mothballed and Low-Use Properties Mothballed andLow-Use acquisition ofbrownfields sites. policies clarifyinghow localgovernments areprotectedfromSuperfundliabilityintheir Local GovernmentBrownfieldsAcquisition ensure successfulimplementationoftheAAIregulation. All AppropriateInquiryImplementation about themosteffective local brownfields financingstrategies. Local BrownfieldsFinancingInnovation resources development funding, andcommunitydevelopment resources. at brownfields, includingtransportation,water /sewer /stormwater infrastructure, water Public Works forBrownfields brownfield properties. Leverage additionalfunding protect theenvironment andcreateeconomic opportunities. other agenciestopromotenew strategiesforwaterfront brownfields redevelopment that Waterfront Revitalization pollution prevention. strategies, preservation of parksandopenspace, transit-orienteddevelopment, and of brownfields viagreenbuilding,low impactdevelopment practices, smartgrowth Sustainable BrownfieldsReuse storage tanksites. barriers totherevitalizationofRCRA, Superfund,federalfacilities, andunderground Reuse RCRAandOtherContaminatedProperties strategies toreuseabandonedgasstationsandothersmaller bro Recycling GasStationsandOtherSmallSites owned by therailroads. Railfields the uniquebrownfield needsofsmallandruralcommunities. Small andRural Communities property owners tocleanupand/orselltheirmothballedandunder-utilizedproperties. Brownfield CommunitiesNetwork

— Promote strategies toovercome barrierstoreusingunderutilized properties

— Work withEPA, NOAA, theArmy CorpsofEngineersand , especiallyforcleanupandpre-development activitiesat — Promote theinvestment ofpublicworks resources — Conduct outreachanddevelop strategiestoaddress — Promote environmentallyresponsiblereuse — Develop newstrategiestoencouragereluctant

— Educate localcommunitiesandothers — Enhance localities’understandingand — Work withEPA todevelop updated — Develop newpartnershipsand — Work with EPA toovercome : ActionAgenda wnﬁeld properties.

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 13 Brownfields Background 14 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization what theyareallabout: stories. success revitalization into brownfi these partnerships, and resources, education, information, turned be can problems eld overcome be with can contamination of problem the if many communities, In areas. space greenfi in projects development face can that Not-In-My-Back-Yardopposition open and eld the to opposed as leaders, community and neighborhood of support strong the garner often brownfiplace. of in Further, redevelopment already the have infrastructure typically areas eld Brownfi resources. and businesses other to nearby are that places or areas, city central elds Brownfi revitalization. waterfronts, as estate, favorable such real on located often are elds stations. gas abandoned brownfi of 200,000 number the than more including million, 1 to 500,000 from range elds by complicated is reuse where facility commercial or industrial idle,under-used or anyabandoned, be can contaminant or pollutant, substance, hazardous a of presence potential or by thepresence complicated maybe which of reuse or redevelopment, Brownfi Relief and Liability Act Revitalization elds activity, andothersignsofblight.Brownfields aretheplacesleftbehind,andoftenforgotten. buildings, lostjobsanddiminishedtaxbase, decreasedpropertyvalues, vandalism andcriminal groundwater orsurfacewater, brownfields oftenareassociatedwithabandonedandunsafe Aside fromthehealthandenvironmentalrisksthatmay beposedby pollutioninthesoil, and otherwisechillactivityatbrownfields. governments fromgettinginvolved atthesesites, raiseconcernsamonglendersandfinanciers, These perceptionscandiscouragetheprivate sectorfrombuyingthesesites, blocklocal use — fear ofcosts, complications, delay, oreven legalliabilityassociatedwiththepollution. contamination cancausefearinthosewhomay otherwisebewillingtoputthesesitesbackinto stores, oroldtown dumps. Whatallbrownfields have incommonisthatrealorperceived contaminated by miningcontamination,tovacant cornergasstations, abandonedgrocery Brownfields comeinallshapesandsizes, fromclosedsteelmills orvast watersheds What AreBrownfi elds? T Following areafew"Myths andFacts" aboutbrownfields thatcanhelpyou understand Yet,brownfi for places locations hopeless prime not are often are elds they fact in —and brownfi federal new EPA the to and According the as law(known elds Often, abrownfield canblighttheneighborhood andleadtoothercommunityproblems. emerging tounlocktheirpotential. brownfields are(andnot),why theyareimportant,andhow newresourcesare his sectionofthereportprovides morebackgroundtohelpyou understandwhat real or perceived or real environmental contamination. Government estimates for for estimates Government contamination. environmental ), brownfi ), " are elds ." In other words, brownfi other In ." elds r eal property, the expansion, property, eal theexpansion, Small Business Business Small UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 15 involved in brownfields revitalization. revitalization. in brownfields involved While brownfields by definition involve real or definition involve by While brownfields environmental contamination, the solutions perceived much involve problems almost always to brownfields neighborhood broader issues including economic reuse, infrastructure and transportation capacity, improvement, and many crime prevention, job creation, tax incentives, reuse generally Successful brownfield other approaches. occurs when economic and community development issues are addressed along with contamination concerns. is one reason The multi-disciplinary nature of brownfields and a broad range federal agencies, that more than 20 are now and non-profit entities local, private, of state, complicated by regulatory and legal constraints, and much and much regulatory and legal constraints, complicated by approaches. cooperative more amenable to voluntary, and large town, every nearly affect properties Contaminated only not impacted are communities rural and Small small. dry stations, gas closed by also but sites, industrial former by mine-scarred yards, rail contaminated dumps, old cleaners, other many and pesticides, as such wastes agricultural lands, awarded been have grants brownfield EPA Many challenges. people. 25,000 than less with communities to still considered brownfields. One third of the brownfield of the brownfield One third still considered brownfields. brownfields been assessed with EPA sites that have turned out to be free from significant funding have contamination. not do Under the statutory definition, brownfields sites that are on or have i.e. include Superfund sites, Superfund National been proposed for listing on EPA's Currently, contaminated sites. Priorities List of severely designated. Superfund sites are only approximately 1,200 Superfund are much less contaminated than Brownfields much less to address, much less expensive sites, Facts large former industrial are While some brownfields to 1 million 500,000 the majority of the estimated sites, are small properties like in the United States brownfields or gas stations. lots, vacant dry cleaners, be contaminated a property may The perception that as actual a barrier to redevelopment can be just as great contamination is sites where contamination. Therefore, are are unknown, and site conditions merely perceived,

Common Brownfield Myths and Facts Myths and Brownfield Common Brownfields are an Brownfields environment-only issue, problem. and an EPA-only Brownfields are only an Brownfields urban problem. Superfund sites or are brownfields, are brownfields Superfund sites. contaminated to be contaminated to be considered a brownfield. Brownfields are all large, are all large, Brownfields or former industrial manufacturing sites. be A site must actually Myth 16 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ brownfields programsand projectspays offinmany ways. Someofthesebenefitsinclude: demonstrate thatmoreandcommunitiesarebeginningtodisco community benefits. Thegrowing numberofsuccessstoriesfromaroundthecountry The cleanupandreuseofbrownfields provides many environmental,economic, and Why are Brownfields Important? The Benefits of Brownfields Revitalization ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ that otherwisewould continue tothreatenpublichealthandsafety. reuse ofbrownfields, communitiescanfacilitatetheclean-upofcontaminatedproperties Protection ofPublicHealthandthe Environment brownfields hasleveraged $6.5billioninadditionalcleanupandredevelopment resources. program in1995,theAgencyreportsthatfederalinvestment of$700 millionin dollars inprivate sectorinvestment areleveraged. SincethelaunchofEPA Brownfields projects, andconcludedthatforevery publicdollarinvested inbrownfields projects, 2.5 The InternationalEconomicDevelopment Councilconducteda1999studyofbrownfields Leveraged investments: catalyst foreconomicdevelopment andexpandthejobstaxbaseoflocalgovernments. Economic/tax basedevelopment: when comparedtoextendingnewinfrastructureintogreenfield areas. typically areserved withexistinginfrastructure, whichcanbemoreefficienttoupgrade Infrastructure advantages: transportation routes, andcentercityareas. use, becausebrownfields areoftenlocatedinstrategicplacesnearwaterfronts, railroadand Location benefits of special concern because the property is surrounded by a densely populated low-income residential were engaged in the manufacture and storage of lead acid batteries. Contamination left behind was Example: The Magic Marker site Trenton, New Jersey was used for 40 years by a series of owners who has feet ofapartments, officespace, stores andentertainment venues. business district.Aftera$12 million cleanup,themile-longsitenowincludes8 squar Dallas Stars, nowstands Example: will create 4,000newjobsandmore than$1millionperyearinnewlocaltaxrevenues. predicts thattheredevelopment oftheRavenswood Industrial Area, thecommunity's nexttarget, redevelopment ofabrownfield area intoretail, housing, andcommercial businesses. EastPalo Alto of itsoperating budgetin1995tolessthan1percent today, primarilythrough the"Gateway101" tax basebyten-fold inthelastdecadeandreduced itsdependencyonfederal grants from 50 percent Example: ThesmallandlongneglectedCityofEastPalo Alto,California hasexpandeditsoverall major multi-modal transit station, and major electric, telecommunications, water, and sewer utilities. Long Island Sound, in close proximity to Interstate Route 95, the Amtrak Metro North corridor, a Example: Stamford, Connecticut's brownfields are focused on the south waterfront area along the and connectedtokeyroads. "Riverpoint West" area, locatedadjacenttothecentral businessdistrictalongtheDesMoinesRiver Example: InDesMoines, Iowathelocalityandprivatesectorare workingtorevitalize the new residences expected to be built in 2005. 2004, a "concrete-breaking" ceremony launched the final phase of cleanup, preparing the site for 38 remove 200 drums of hazardous material and a large underground storage tank. On February 10, using mustard plants to extract lead and heavy metals from the soil. The EPA used its authority to conducted several investigations, and conducted an innovative "phytoremediation" pilot study in 1998 community and stands directly opposite an elementary school. The City of Trenton acquired the site, sparked additional mixed-usedevelopmentnearby andtheCityestimates that thepr T he AmericanAirlinesCenter, hometotheNBA's DallasMavericksandtheNHL's : Brownfields revitalizationcanputprimerealestatebackintoproductive a Dollarsinvested inbrownfields typicallyleverage majorresources. t thesiteofacentury-oldindustrial wastelandintheDallascentr

Brownﬁelds areplacesthathave alreadybeendeveloped. They Brownﬁelds cleanupandredevelopment canserve asa : Byencouragingandsupportingthe The AmericanAirlinesCenter ver thatinvestment in oject has al e UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 17

Brownfields revitalization can help localities build on Brownfields Brownfields are often located in poor, predominantly minority are often located in poor, Brownfields

Disinvestments in central cities and brownfields can push growth to can push growth cities and brownfields in central Disinvestments Brownfields redevelopment can be an excellent tool for job creation and tool for job creation can be an excellent redevelopment Brownfields acre of brownfields that is redeveloped." that of brownfields acre "4.5 acres of greenfields are saved for every one for every saved are of greenfields "4.5 acres community facilities. community facilities. African American. Chattanooga has launched a brownfields cleanup and revitalization initiative in initiative cleanup and revitalization African American. Chattanooga has launched a brownfields The City and its 34 state-designated contaminated sites. which has approximately the 2.7 mile area the use of cleanups through brownfields targeted held a land-use planning charrette, have partners the community Plan. In 2003-2004, a GIS-based system, and established a Master Redevelopment than 600 abandoned public housing units at the McCallie Homes area more began to remove new housing and sand, to clear the way for badly contaminated with lead and foundry that were Example: In Chattanooga, Tennessee, 5,300 people live in the Alton Park area, which has a poverty area, people live in the Alton Park 5,300 Example: In Chattanooga, Tennessee, population is 98 percent income of $12,300. The area's and a median household percent, of 61 rate Example: The St. Louis Development Corporation is working with the regional council of of council regional the with working is Corporation Development Louis St. The Example: and preservation space open connect better will who officials local of network a create to governments of needs space open and brownfields identify to seeking is network This redevelopment. brownfields a of establishment the evaluating and region, metropolitan overall the and communities individual program. rights development of transfer regional and system fee impact development cost" "true Handling, Environmental Chemistry, and Applied Mathematics and Computer Skills. These new and Computer Skills. and Applied Mathematics Chemistry, Handling, Environmental in the Boston region. brownfields helping revitalize are workers Example: The Jobs for Youth Training Center in Boston, Massachusetts is using EPA funding to Massachusetts is using EPA Center in Boston, Training Youth Example: The Jobs for Materials topics including Hazardous in workers to 60 young course a 460-hour training provide already created 1,350 jobs. Additional projects are in the works on adjacent properties to build to properties on adjacent in the works are projects Additional jobs. 1,350 created already hotel, and a 400-room space, feet of retail square housing, 600,000 of multi-family 1,000 units of office space. feet 900,000 square Community amenity promotion: their assets and emphasize the character of the community. Environmental Justice: and investment, The cleanup of these blighted sites can bring new hope, communities. vitality to these neighborhoods. contributes to sprawl and the associated transportation and environmental issues. Clearly, Clearly, and environmental issues. and the associated transportation contributes to sprawl an EPA-sponsored 2001, In is a linchpin of "smart growth." in brownfields reinvestment Decisions and Private titled "Public Policies University, the George Washington study by Relative of Critical Factors, An Analysis of Brownfields: Affecting the Redevelopment one for every are saved found that 4.5 acres of greenfields and Area Differentials," Weights that is redeveloped. acre of brownfields Sprawl deterrent: Sprawl on the development can result in sprawling and the edge of the established communities, contamination, and clean-up costs at urban brownfields liability, Concerns over fringe. greenfields (open space), which in turn to build on than can make them less attractive brownfields programs. In addition, many local communities have used EPA Brownfields Brownfields used EPA communities have local many In addition, programs. brownfields assessment and in the waste grants to train citizens and Redevelopment Job Training opportunities. employment 1,740 brownfields creating remediation fields, Job creation: of the EPA as a result been leveraged have than 29,000 jobs Since 1995, more training. State been catalyzed by more jobs have Many revitalization. in brownfields investment ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ 18 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Bush signedthe revitalization, andthekeyfederalroleinbrownfields isexpectedtocontinue. In2002 President The EPA andthefederalgovernment have beenmajorcatalysts forlocalbrownfields A FederalBrownfieldsAgenda including abandonedgasstations and"USTfields" affectedby underground storagetanks. ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ funding tolocalitiesfor: contaminated federalproperties. types ofsites, includingbrownfields, Superfundsites, RCRA sites, petroleumbrownfields, and harmonize thevarying federalrequirementsandprogramsthatareapplicabletothesedifferent meant toapplythesuccessfulbrownfields approachtoothertypesofcontaminatedsites, andto cleanup ofcontaminatedpropertiestotheirproductive reuse. TheOneCleanupinitiative is Land Revitalization initiative isdesignedtoensurethatcommunitiescangobeyond mere initiatives launchedby theEPA OfficeofSolidWaste andEmergencyResponse in2003. The quality oflife. brownfields redevelopment, andpromotingsustainablereuseofbrownfields forlong-term promoting partnershipsforbrownfields revitalization,strengtheningthemarketplacefor brownfields infourkeyways — protecting theenvironmentfrombrownfields contamination, safely cleanup,andsustainablyreusebrownfields. TheEPA brownfields programpromotes stakeholders ineconomicdevelopment towork togetherinatimelymannertoprevent, assess, several initiatives tofulfillitsmissionofempowering states, communities, andother bill isprovided inthebox ontheright. for innocentpartiesandsmallbusinesses, andincreasedcleanupcertainty. Asummaryofthe provides significantlymore fundingforbrownfields siteassessmentandcleanup,liabilityrelief an enhancedfederalefforttoassistlocalcommunitiesincleaninguptheirbro

may useupto40percentoftheseresourcesprovide directcleanupsubgrants. environmental cleanupofbrownfields. Inaddition,since2003, communityRLFrecipients years) tocapitalizeloanfundsmakeloanspublicandprivate sector recipientsforthe B cleanup; and grant fundingtostateandlocalgovernments andnon-profitorganizationsforsite Brownfields Cleanupgrants of brownfields sitesandpreparetraineesforfutureemployment intheenvironmentalfield; provide trainingforresidentsofcommunitiesaffectedby brownfields tofacilitatecleanup Brownfields JobTraining &Redevelopment grants to supportlocalbrownfields programs; Brownfields assessmentgrants for thelocaltourismeconomy. anniversary ofthevisitexplorers LewisandClarkinsummer2004, shouldbeamajorresource via aseriesofscenicbicycleandpedestrianpaths. TheTrail, completedintimefor the200-year areas. Thisnine-miletrail connectsRiverfront Park, theRiverMarket,anddowntownKansas City Example: Kansas City, Missouri has established a "Riverfront Heritage Trail" along nine brownfields Through theseprograms, theEPA alsoprovides fundingfor"petroleumbrownfields," AcornerstoneoftheEPA programisitsbrownfields grantprogram.Thisprogramprovides All oftheseactivitiesareenhancedby overall "LandRevitalization" and"OneCleanup" Brownfields areoneofthe EPA's topenvironmentalpriorities. TheEPA haslaunched rownfields CleanupRevolving LoanFundgrants Small BusinessLiabilityRelief andBrownfields Revitalization Act (upto$200,000 perbrownfield site)provides directcleanup (typicallyupto$200,000) toassessbrownfields sitesand (upto$1millionforuseover five (upto$200,000 over two years) to whichlaunched wnfields. Thebill

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 19 , copy , copy

—The act protects small businesses, —The act protects small businesses,

on in any year. on in any — The act provides liability protection to act provides The —

Revitalization Act Revitalization g to be used for environmental insurance premiums g to be used for environmental insurance — The act more than doubled authorized funding for assessment and cleanup authorized funding for assessment The act more than doubled —

contamination; imminent and substantial endangerment to public health or the contamination; imminent and substantial longer protective cleanup is no environment; or new information shows Provides funding for the cleanup of corner gas stations and other sites impacted by stations and other sites impacted by funding for the cleanup of corner gas Provides petroleum loan funds revolving Streamlines the requirements of EPA's fundin Allows Authorizes EPA to provide direct grants for brownfields cleanup for the first time direct grants for brownfields to provide EPA Authorizes 2002 Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Brownfields and Relief Liability Business 2002 Small To date, Congress has not appropriated more than $171 milli has not appropriated more than $171 Congress date, To

state; interstate federal "safety net" role where: requested by Provides Bars federal Superfund enforcement action for sites in state cleanup programs

sites contaminated with petroleum million to address $50 programs and enhance state and tribal cleanup million to establish $50 to support site assessment and cleanup and tribes states, million to localities, $150 Superfund liability. * ◗ Business For Small Superfund Liability Relief from and households that contributed small amounts of waste non-profits, Liability Relief for Innocent Parties Liability Relief owners. and contiguous property purchasers, prospective innocent landowners, Increased Certainty On Cleanups ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ Funding Flexibility ◗ cleanup and redevelopment of brownfields. Key provisions include: provisions Key of brownfields. cleanup and redevelopment Funding a year.* million sites to $250 of brownfield ◗ On January 11, 2002, President Bush signed bipartisan legislation to help promote the signed bipartisan legislation to help President Bush 2002, On January 11, The EPA, however, is not alone in this brownfields effort. More than 20 federal agencies 20 effort. More than is not alone in this brownfields however, The EPA, brownfields for housing, parks, and wildlife habitat areas. OUST is likewise launching an effort and wildlife habitat areas. for housing, parks, brownfields coffee shops to promote the reuse of abandoned gas stations for small retail outlets like markets. stores and convenience agencies revitalization, and several link their resources and assistance to local brownfields Twenty-five percent of the EPA funding provided for brownfields assessment and cleanup is for brownfields funding provided EPA percent of the Twenty-five Office of Underground In addition, the EPA these petroleum brownfields. directed toward of resources and fostering partnerships for the recycling (OUST) is providing Storage Tanks OUST has also formed agreements with organizations like America's abandoned gas stations. reuse of petroleum Habitat for Humanity and the Wildlife Habitat Council to promote the 20 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization new modelsoflocal-federalbrownfields partnerships, leveraged millionsofdollars inresources departments togethertoaddresslocalbrownfields challenges. TheShowcase initiative created agency personnelandtechnicalassistance, andacommitmenttobringvariety offederal pilot communitiesfromacrossthecountryandprovided themwithfederalresources, federal called the"Brownfields Showcase Communities"initiative. TheShowcase initiative chose28 for moreinformationonthefederalbrownfields resourcesavailable fromthese agencies. Federal Partnerships" sectionandthe"Partner withKey Federal Agencies"sectionofthisreport Department ofTransportation, andtheU.S.Army CorpsofEngineers. Seethe "StrongLocal- National OceanographicandAtmospheric Administration attheDepartmentofCommerce, the of HousingandUrbanDevelopment, theEconomicDevelopment Administration andthe have madesubstantialinvestments inbrownfields. ThesekeyagenciesincludetheDepartment paved theway foranumberofnew, innovative federalinitiatives forbrownfields. for localbrownfields, broughtthe"federalfamily"ofagenciestogetherforlocalassistance, and The federalinteragencybrownfields partnershiphasbeenbolsteredby amulti-year effort

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 23 Building a Strong Brownfields Program LOCAL 24 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ ◗ marketability. Theteamincludesrepresentatives fromthe: of sitesforinclusionbased on siteaccessandcontrol,estimatedcleanupcosts A multidisciplinaryteammanages Chicago'sbrownfields process, beginningwith anevaluation Chicago's Team Approach districts, and tax increment financing (TIF) districts to spark reuse in targeted areas. The City also created special designations such as model industrial corridors, manufacturing and with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA), HUD, and the EPA Region 5 staff. Planning and Development, and Law, which built solid working relationships among themselves interdepartmental team of project managers from the Chicago Departments of Environment, and implementing land acquisition tools for brownfield sites. The City also created an property tax incentive, encouraging local banks to develop and use a model lending package, implement them. agreed to63recommendationsforovercoming thesebarriersandformednineprojectteamsto identifying morethan60barrierstobrownfield sitereuse. TheBrownfields Forum officially and anactionplanforbrownfields redevelopment. In1995,theForum publisheditsfindings, leaders, andcityofficialsparticipatedintheforum'smeetingstodevelop recommendations business leaders, manufacturers, environmentalists, bankers, regulators, civicorganization with thesupportofJohnD.andCatherineT. MacArthurFoundation. Morethan100 The Cityowes muchofitssuccesstothework oftheBrownfields Forum, convened in1994 Brownfields ForumProvides Leadership program fromfederalandothersources. more than50 acres. By2004, theCityhadleveraged morethan$70 millionforitsbrownfields Chicago hadcleaneduporoverseen theremediationof333brownfield propertiescovering industrial realestatedevelopment tocreatejobsandgeneratetaxrevenue. Byearly1999, brownfields initiative in1993,builtonastrategyoflinkingenvironmentalrestorationwith the nation'smostsuccessfulbrownfields redevelopment programs. Chicagoestablishedits Under theleadershipofMayor RichardDaley, theCityofChicagohasestablishedone CHICAGO, IL:CityDemonstratesNationalBrownfields Leadership other communitiestolearnfromandadopttheirown circumstances. A Innovative LocalBrownfields Programs OfficeofBudget andManagement toassistwithfinancial management,oversight of Officeofthe Mayor toprovide overall guidanceandcoordination; spending, and regulatorycompliance; Chicago officials acted on many of the forum's recommendations, including enacting a employed particularlyinnovative approaches. Theseprogramsprovide usefulmodelsfor brownfield properties. Thefollowing arelocalbrownfields programsthathave cross America,communitiesofallsizesandlocationsarecleaningupredev , andrealestate eloping UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 25

s of sites for the jobs and generate tax revenue. tax jobs and generate with industrial real estate development to create to development estate with industrial real As part of its initial brownfields effort, the City targeted four key sites for large industrial As part of its initial brownfields The department refines a site cleanup strategy based on the Phase II assessment, The Chicago Department of Environment performs preliminary review The Chicago Department of Environment In addition, the Chicago Department of Buildings operates two programs that can support two Department of Buildings operates In addition, the Chicago administer the environmental and garbage liens that address public nuisances associated and garbage liens that address administer the environmental sites. brownfield with many manage various financial and economic development tools to support redevelopment; tools to development and economic financial manage various as as well owners, prospective agreements with and negotiate redevelopment support, Chicago established its brownfields initiative in 1993, in 1993, initiative brownfields its Chicago established built on a strategy of linking environmental restoration restoration environmental of linking built on a strategy expertise; technical Environment to contribute Department of Chicago end users and sites to potential to market and Development of Planning Department offer real estate transaction for cost recovery, which can sue polluters of Law, Department City Partners with Community Groups City Partners of strengthened their program through connections to a variety staff have Chicago's brownfields including the Metropolitan Planning Council, the Northern organizations, public and private local organizations. Illinois Planning Commission, and many contaminated material that must be removed for off-site disposal. contaminated material that must be removed (including the Kinzie Town and West Pullman, West located in North Lawndale, park projects, and potential, large size, selected for their redevelopment Industrial Corridor). The sites were and rail lines. proximity to existing highway determining the cleanup standards that apply to the site using the State's Tiered Approach determining the cleanup standards that apply to the site using the State's to select standards that are appropriate for the planned Objectives Action to Corrective with end users to determine if site improvements, The City also works future use of the site. of as engineered barriers to reduce the amount can serve such as buildings and parking lots, further-remediation letter. Then the department proposes a cleanup strategy and prepares cost Then the department proposes further-remediation letter. estimates for cleanup. brownfield program, using records indicating the presence of underground storage tanks, the presence of underground storage tanks, program, using records indicating brownfield or current conditions such as evidence of previous uses and reviews environmental complaints, whether or not team determines the brownfields of illegal dumping. Based on this review, a more detailed Phase II by assessment, followed to proceed with a Phase I environmental in accordance with the requirements of the State's assessment. These assessments are conducted the benefit of a State no- the site later can receive cleanup program, so that action at voluntary and either restore or demolish the structures. The Adjacent Neighborhoods Land Acquisition Land Acquisition Neighborhoods The Adjacent or demolish the structures. and either restore for $300. adjoining their own acquire property and business owners Program helps residents to foreclose and turn lien on them in order for the City a City of Chicago These lots must have the property over. brownfield redevelopment. The Abandoned Property Program enables developers to acquire Property Program enables developers The Abandoned redevelopment. brownfield years, for at least two bills in arrears with real estate taxes and water abandoned buildings ◗ ◗ ◗ LOCAL 26 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization it lendstosmallbusinessesforenvironmentalprojects. TheCityalsohasfinancedbrownfields other brownfield costs. Chicagodepositsthreedollarsinthepartnerbankforevery onedollar environmental regulations. Partner banksmay lendupto$150,000 forassessments, audits, and money tosmallbusinessesforpreventing pollution,cleaningupsites, orcomplyingwith projects. TheCityTreasurer's Officehasdedicated$10 millionfordepositinbanksthatlend Chicago hasusedahostofinnovative fundingsourcestosupportitsbrownfield redevelopment Chicago's InnovativeFinancing information onsiteidentification,environmentalregulations, andcommunityreadiness. neighborhood redevelopment. Theyhelpprovide communityresidentsandorganizationswith groups throughouttheCitytobuildcapacityforovercoming brownfields issues andspur through federal,state, local, andprivate partnerships. Inadditiontoworking withEPA, the opportunities, increasingthetaxbase, removing blight,andpreservingopen space. reclaiming theselands. Asaresult,theCityiscreating acleanerenvironment,expandingjob practices, andoutreachtothecommunity, theCityhasmadetremendous progressin Empowerment Zone. Withanarray ofcity, state, andfederalsupport,incentives, innovative acres ofpotentialbrownfields, over 400ofwhichare locatedwithintheCity'sfederal The CityofBaltimore, Marylandisworking tocleanupandredevelop approximately1,000 Brownfields Redevelopment BALTIMORE, MD:CityDevelopsNewTools toPromote For moreinformation,contact: have topay aninflatedpriceforthepropertyandthenpay againtocleanitup. reasonable costsofbringingpropertyintocompliancewhensettingaprice fair marketvalue inacondemnationproceeding.ThismeansthatCitiescanaccountforthe law thatallows citiestoconsidertheenvironmentalconditionofpropertyindeterminingits areas targetedforbrownfield redevelopment. with SherwinWilliams, forsitetesting,buildingdemolition,andcleanupinoneofthe committed. For example, theCityhasused$950,000, received throughaDOJconsentdecree and economicimprovements andkeepenforcementdollarsintheareawhereviolationsare in violationofenvironmentallaws, whichhelplocalgovernments tietogetherenvironmental of EPA andtheU.S.DepartmentofJustice(DOJ).SEPsareprojectsconductedby partiesfound of up to $40,000 per year, with a maximum total savings of $150,000 per site. with a $100,000 deductible and a $700,000 cap on eligible costs. This can translate into a savings further-remediation letters. The tax credit equals 25 percent of outstanding remediation costs, incentive for sites that are under the State voluntary cleanup program and have received no- take place, resulting in as much as a 55 percent annual tax savings. The State also provides a tax brownfields to 16 percent of market value for up to three years while cleanup and redevelopment bond proceeds;andmorethan$4millioningeneralcityfunds. projects withabout$1.3millioninlitigationsettlements;$2generalobligation In particular, Chicagobenefitsfrompartnerships withcommunity-baseddevelopment Since theBaltimoreBrownfields Initiative began,morethan30 siteshave beenassessed The Chicagobrownfields programhasalsobenefitedfromanewIllinoiseminentdomain In addition,Chicagoadministersasupplementalenvironmentalproject(SEP)onbehalf Cook County helps with financing as well, reducing the property assessment rate for [email protected] 312-744-9139 Chicago DepartmentofEnvironment Kimberly Worthington

, sothattheydon't UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 27 entory of sites in of sites entory orks, Southeast Development, Southeast Development, orks, creating or retaining more than 3,000 jobs and more or retaining creating Baltimore has completed 30 brownfields projects, projects, brownfields 30 completed has Baltimore BDC is also a recipient of a $1 million EPA Brownfields Revolving Loan Fund grant and Revolving Brownfields BDC is also a recipient of a $1 million EPA Credit for purchases of Property Tax In 1998, the City also instituted a Brownfields One of the tools that has proven effective in stimulating cleanup and redevelopment is is redevelopment and cleanup stimulating in effective proven has that tools the of One The Baltimore Brownfields Council was formed to serve as an advisory body and conducts as an formed to serve Council was The Baltimore Brownfields One of the more notable projects is the redevelopment of the 1.3 million square foot of the 1.3 million is the redevelopment more notable projects One of the attracting more than $300 million in new investment. million in new $300 than more attracting this program, a tax credit of 50-70 percent of the increase in City property taxes attributable this program, a tax credit of 50-70 if the years or 10 to a site after entering the VCP is granted for 5 years, to all improvements The City is also authorized to grant a tax abatement property is in a recognized Enterprise Zone. site as needed. for past taxes on a brownfield Fund are also frequently employed in closing finance gaps on brownfields projects. brownfields on gaps finance closing in employed frequently also are Fund in local bond funds to BDC has committed $750,000 Site Assessment grants. $200,000 several funds. supplement and add flexibility to the EPA cleanup program (VCP). Under voluntary properties that are eligible for Maryland's brownfield the $2.5 million Empower Baltimore Brownfields Loan and Grant Program. This is a federally federally a is This Program. Grant and Loan Brownfields Baltimore Empower million $2.5 the empowerment recognized federally City's the within projects to loans offers that program funded acquisition, remediation, assessments, site of cost the cover to used be can funds Loan zone. Maryland the from funds brownfields State costs. predevelopment other and demolition, Loan Revolving Water Clean Maryland the and Program Incentive Revitalization Brownfields Inc., the Council for Economic and Business Opportunity, the Baltimore Urban League, and the Baltimore Urban League, Opportunity, Inc., the Council for Economic and Business Jubilee Baltimore. Baltimore has instituted many programs and incentives to help stimulate brownfields cleanup to help stimulate brownfields incentives programs and Baltimore has instituted many and redevelopment. has helped encourage community involvement The Council outreach activities to communities. in economic development, active Community organizations projects. in the City's brownfields include Baltimore Civic W environmental cleanup, or job training Baltimore's Brownfield Toolbox Baltimore's Brownfield Corporation the Baltimore Development is coordinated by program Baltimore's brownfields to act as its economic the City of Baltimore corporation chartered by (BDC), a non-profit expedite barriers to redevelopment, to remove agent. BDC identifies and works development these ends, Toward sites. information on available and provide and permits, public approvals Montgomery Ward warehouse, now transformed into "Montgomery Park Business Center." Center." Business Park transformed into "Montgomery now warehouse, Montgomery Ward to financing Section 108 lined up $8 million in HUD Corporation Baltimore Development accommodates the property As of September 2003, and other upfront costs. assist with cleanup Maryland Department of including the headquarters for the — four major office tenants low- of whom reside in nearby many about 1,800 persons, employ —which Environment minority communities. income, City partnered with HUD in establishing a loan and grant program, an inv program, grant a loan and in establishing with HUD partnered City the State of partnered with planning. The City and joint economic Zone, the Empowerment 180 new site that created an industrial and redevelop site assessments to conduct 20 Maryland more creating or retaining projects, brownfields 30 Baltimore has completed Since 1996, jobs. in new investment. million more than $300 jobs and attracting than 3,000 28 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization For moreinformation,contact: Maryland Voluntary CleanupProgram. that was signedintolaw inApril,2004. Thechangesstreamlineandexpandeligibility forthe Maryland's brownfields programs. Oneresultisacomprehensive brownfields reformbill groups, andenvironmental groupstocraftstatutoryandadministrative improvements to ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ following successesdemonstratethattheinvestment offederalresourcesispaying off: leveraged federalresourcesandmadegreatprogresstoward itsredevelopment vision.The in cleaningupandredeveloping abandonedbrownfield areas. EastPalo Altohassuccessfully "Brownfields Showcase Communities," EastPalo Altoisnow recognizedasanationalleader revitalize abandonedandunproductive areasinthecommunity. a lackofinvestment inthetransportation,utility, andeconomicinfrastructurenecessaryto dumping, andpesticidepollution.Becauseofthiscontamination,EastP a substantialportionoftheCity'sland,leftbehindfromdecadesindustrialw stumbling blocktoovercoming theseproblemsisthebrownfields contaminationthatimpacts reduce itscrimerate, whichwas oneofthehighestinnationearly1990s. Amajor median incomeinSanMateoCounty. Inaddition,theCityhasstruggledtosignificantly revitalization successandasolidvisionforexpandinguponthat of itsneighboringcommunitiesinSiliconValley, theCityhasaproven trackrecord of overcoming significantobstaclestorevitalization.Whilenotenjoying theeconomic prosperity The CityofEastPalo Alto, Californiaisasmallcommunityofapproximately30,000 thatis EAST PALO ALTO, Revitalizing CA: EconomicallyDistressedAreas In thelastfive years, annualsalestaxrevenues have increasedfrom$402,000 to$2million. annually intaxrevenues. redevelopment project.Thehotelisexpectedtogenerate hundredsofjobsand$1.5million A luxuryFour SeasonsHotelisunderconstructionas partoftheCity'sUniversity Circle A Togo's andaBaskinRobins have alsoopenednextdoor. "Magic" Johnson'sdevelopment company todevelop Starbucksstoresinunderserved areas. A StarbuckscoffeehouseopenedinJanuary2002 aspartofapartnershipwithEarvin Thefirstfull-servicebankin15years openedinEastPalo AltoinFebruary 2002. Health andHumanServices. lands intheRavenswood IndustrialAreathroughthesupportofUSDepartment of East Palo Altohasbuiltacommunityhealthclinicandnon-profit centeronCity-owned million inannualrevenues, andmorethanaten-foldincreaseinpropertyvalues. Home Depot,aBestBuy, anOfficeDepot,andhasgeneratednearly100 newjobs, $2.4–2.7 multifamily units, 221 single-familyunits(includingover 80below-market-rate units), a grant intoamixed-use, housingandretailpower center. Theprojectincludes129 Economic Development Administration grantanda$3.8millionfederaltransportation The Gateway 101 Development Project,startedin1996,hasleveraged a$2.8million BDC hasalsoworked closely withtheMarylandDepartmentofEnvironment,business Despite theseobstacles, theCityismakinggreatprogress. Selectedasoneofthefirst16 East Palo Altohasthehighestlevels ofunemployment andpoverty andthelowest [email protected] 410-837-9305 Baltimore DevelopmentCorporation Evans Paull

. alo Altosufferedfrom aste, illegal UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 29

y, wetlands, and open wetlands, y,

of the City's brownﬁelds. of the City's

Carlos Martinez Alto City of East Palo 650-853-3186 [email protected] decade, through the successful redevelopment redevelopment the successful decade, through East Palo Alto has increased its tax base tenfold tenfold base tax its increased has Alto Palo East and reduced its dependence on federal grants from from grants on federal dependence its and reduced 50% to 1% of its operating budget during the past during the past budget operating 1% of its to 50% As Silicon Valley is rapidly running out of housing and developable land, the City is poised is rapidly running out of housing and developable As Silicon Valley At the core of the redevelopment plan is the City's goal to enhance the community and its plan is the City's goal the core of the redevelopment At The City is now looking to build on this success as it continues to confront its unique unique its confront to continues it as success this on build to looking now is City The In two years, over 600 long term jobs have been created in the City. created been jobs have long term 600 over years, In two of crime. the incidence has significantly reduced The City jobs, generate more than $1 million per year in new tax revenues and help the City to finally in new tax revenues more than $1 million per year generate jobs, share in the prosperity of the region. For more information, contact: and protects the beauty of adjacent resources such as San Francisco Ba and protects the beauty of adjacent resources center including civic space, town Corners portion will become a new The Four space areas. and commercial businesses. buildings, government of the tight real Industrial Area to take advantage in the Ravenswood its investment to leverage of this area will create thousands of new redevelopment estate market. The City expects that the livability. As part of this goal, the City will seek to promote the location of environmentally- As part of this goal, the City will seek to promote the location livability. that enhances and development the use of green building practices, businesses, sensitive Business District, LLC, to coordinate and foster private development in the area. the in development private foster and coordinate to LLC, District, Business acres. After years of agricultural, commercial, and industrial use, the property is affected by a a by affected is property the use, industrial and commercial, agricultural, of years After acres. a implement, to beginning is and developed, has City the However, substances. toxic of multitude employment and development mixed-use a into area this redevelop and up clean to plan strategic technology high and manufacturing, light commercial, of feet square million 2 to up with center, area, Ravenswood the in owners Land nearby. housing medium-density new and space, office Shores Ravenswood the formed have more, or years ten for property held have whom of many ◗ ◗ the of revitalization the is priority top City's The community. its revitalize and challenges developable 130 combined a area, Corners Four adjacent the and Area Industrial Ravenswood 30 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Program hasfosteredthereuseof550 acresofbrownfields andleveraged the investment of successful brownfields programs. To date, theCityofHouston'sBrownfields Redevelopment redeveloping idleorabandoned propertiesintheurbancoreandbuiltoneofnation'smost of thenation'sBrownfields Showcase Communities. as partofanoverall urbanrevitalizationinitiative. In2000, theCitywas selectedby EPA asone Demonstration PilotgrantfromtheEPA andlauncheditsBrownfields Redevelopment Program properties inhibitednewdevelopment. In1996,theCityreceived a$200,000 Brownfields the downtown areaflounderedand,inmany places, concernsofcontaminationatabandoned residents leftthedowntown areafornewdevelopments ontheoutskirtsof city. For years, During theeconomicboominHouston,Texas, inthe1970s and80s, many businessesand HOUSTON, TX: Community Outreach and Education Spurs Revitalization and many others. the newhome oftheHoustonAstrostoa newdowntown aquarium andrestaurantcomplex, communities thatwant tolearnfromHouston'sexperience. workshops arewell attended by bothHoustonstakeholders andfolksfromotherTexas and resourcesforbrownfields redevelopment, financing,andotherbrownfields topics. The to learnabouttheCity'sbrownfields program,theTexas Voluntary Cleanupprogram,tools opportunity forpropertyowners, developers, community groups, andother stakeholders holds abrownfields workshop every year forthecommunity. Theseworkshops provide an community development corporations, andfaith-basedorganizations. LRC hasmonthlypublicmeetingsandgives presentationstocommunity-basedorganizations, brokered redevelopment deals, andconductedoutreacheducationtothecommunity. The environmental justice. TheLRC hashelpedtheCitydevelop criteriaforprioritizingsites, in communityplanning,environmentallaw, clean-up,engineering,finance, insurance, and Redevelopment Program. MembersoftheLRC are appointedby theMayor andincludeexperts (LRC), agroupofcommunityandbusinessleaderschargedwithadvisingtheBrownfields brownfields programwas formed,theCityalsoformedLandRedevelopment Committee community inputwas criticaltothesuccessofbrownfields program.Whenthe illegal dumping,andprovided areasforcriminalactivity. caused blightanddisinvestment, posedthreatstopublichealthandhazardschildren,led were abandoned,theyhadatremendousimpactonHouston'surbanneighborhoods. They residential neighborhoodsandbusinesses. Asaresult,whenindustrialormanufacturingsites Because Houstonhasnozoning,industrialandmanufacturingsitesareinterspersedwith outreach tothecommunityandinvolving communityleadersinthedecisionmakingprocess. sites invarious stagesofassessment, remediation,andredevelopment. property taxestolocalgovernment entities. TheProgramhascompleted12projects andhas16 new fulltimejobsandreturn$1.6millionindelinquenttaxes$604,25 $720 millioninredevelopment projects. TheProgramhashelpedtocreatemore than2,560 Houston's leaders knew that establishing strong tools for soliciting andencouraging community inputwas critical During itseight-year history, theCity'sBrownfields Redevelopment Programhasfocusedon Houston's effortstoinvolve thecommunityhave resultedinmany successfulprojects, from In additiontotheeffortsofLRC, theHoustonBrownfields Redevelopment Program Thus, Houston'sleadersknewthatestablishingstrongtoolsforsolicitingandencouraging One ofthekeys toHouston's successhasbeenitseffective strategiesforconducting to thesuccess ofthebrownfields program. 0 peryear in UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 31 wn as the wn as the , Math, Science, , Math, Science,

Dawn Moses Program City of Houston, Brownfields Redevelopment 713-837-9020 [email protected] The City incorporated hydrogeologic, soil, and groundwater information for more than than more for information groundwater and soil, hydrogeologic, incorporated City The The City used a $200,000 EPA brownfields grant to turn the situation around. In brownfields EPA The City used a $200,000 Houston's focus on community outreach and education has played a critical role in The Latino Learning Center's senior housing project is a demonstration of Houston's The Latino Learning Center's senior However, perhaps the best example of the benefits of this approach was the development the development was this approach of of the benefits example the best perhaps However, approach. This allowed the City to collect environmental data on whole areas of the City that the City to collect environmental data on whole areas of the City approach. This allowed and then target cleanup and revitalization efforts accordingly. brownfields, by marred were land economic, includes also that (GIS) system information geographical a into properties 2,100 stop "one a via public the to available made then was system The information. zoning and use, cleanup, time, and regulatory costs on any new development. As a result, risk-averse investors investors As a result, risk-averse new development. and regulatory costs on any cleanup, time, cost Emeryville in the area. It is estimated that the lack of investment to invest reluctant were and 1996 alone. 1991 jobs between and 450 $13.3 million in tax revenues a the City developed order to address the contamination concerns of potential developers, approach to environmental cleanup, rather than a site specific area-wide comprehensive, Once a manufacturing town, Emeryville, California suffered severe blight as much of its local California suffered severe Emeryville, Once a manufacturing town, minority By 1996, this predominantly low-income, industry abandoned the area in the 1970s. or underutilized 234 acres of vacant blighted by was community on the San Francisco Bay percent 20 contamination. Over acres with suspected soil or groundwater property and 213 underutilized. The 40 percent was and over vacant of the City's non-residential property was imposed significant transaction, extent of the contamination and sheer number of brownfields EMERYVILLE, CA: Area-Wide Brownfields Strategy CA: Area-Wide EMERYVILLE, Community Around Turns communities to follow. For more information, contact: project has led to plans to redevelop an the success of this project has led to plans to redevelop critical community need. In addition, square foot. community Center and a 5,500 and Health Care adjacent site into a Seniors' Day classes in English-as-a-Second-Language center where local students can attend and Air Conditioning. Secretarial Studies, Computer Science, the phenomenal success of its brownfield program and has created a model for other completed in 1998, the site was donated to the Center. Construction of the Senior Housing Construction of the Senior donated to the Center. the site was completed in 1998, Houston's elderly population of for the under-served, units of housing with 65 attractive center, 2000. completed in East End, was educate them about property owners, leaders and private ability to bring together community that fulfills a into a new development and turn a blighted, contaminated property brownfields, a local community development group which had been struggling to find a place to build a place to build to find group which had been struggling development a local community found out about the site and center, senior housing and a community much needed affordable Committee to Program and the Land Redevelopment with the Houston Brownfields worked program and the brownfields educated the Center about The LRC conduct a site assessment. the owners convincing of the property to the Center by for the transfer helped clear the way Program. When the cleanup was Cleanup Voluntary the site in the Texas of the site to enroll of affordable senior housing on a former truck maintenance yard. Located in Houston's East in Houston's East Located maintenance yard. on a former truck senior housing of affordable It years. and sat idle for 17 in 1979 abandoned was property 3.1 acre brownfields End, this came to be kno other debris and ground for trash and illegal dumping became an at and a near kidnapping the blighted property frustration over Dump. Community East End Center, Latino Learning The for the property. a developer to seek the owners the site convinced 32 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization and hashelpedtoquicklytransformEmeryvilleintoacenteroftechnology variety of identifiers and then print out a list of sites meeting those criteria. locations, current land use, land use restrictions, and more. Users can search for a site based on alevel and types, groundwater contamination level and types, zoning data, groundwater monitoring Available information includes owner name and contact information, size, soil contamination to locate a site in the GIS database and quickly pull up essential information regarding the site. shop" on the internet. This allowed potential developers, landowners, and other interested parties For moreinformation,contact: services foritsresidents. future withnewbusinesses, employment opportunities, increasedtaxrevenues, andnew Emeryville hasemergedfromitsdarkdays asanobsoleteindustrialcentertoabrightnew the company' scampusandtherailroadtracks, connectingtotheDoyle StreetGreenway. scientists andsupportstaff.ChironwillalsoconstructaparkcalledHortonLandingbetw first 280,000squarefootbuildingin1998,atacostof$190 million,housingmorethan500 space andemploy approximately4,200 people. Thecompany completedconstructionofits future reimbursements. community facilitiesandservices. Chironhasqualifiedformorethan$11 millionin amenities. Inexchange, Chironpaidforthesecostsinadvance andiscontributingto development expensessuchasremediation,infrastructureimprovements, andcommunity in assemblingtheprojectsiteandpledged30 years oftaxincrementsforextraordinary materials distributionfacility, withextensive PCBcontamination.EmeryvilleassistedChiron petroleum researchfacilities. OnebuildingisonthesiteofaformerPacific Gas&Electric the country, isredeveloping asitethathistoricallyhousedtransformermaintenanceand revitalization program.TheChironCorporation,thesecondlargestbiotechnologyfi on a25-acrebrownfield over thenexttwo decades, isonemajorachievement ofEmeryville's This one-stopshophashelpedaddressstakeholderconcernsaboutlocatinginEmeryville By utilizingmodernGIStechnologyandavariety offinancialandregulatoryincentives, Over a20-year period,Chironplanstobuild2millionsquarefeetofresearchandoffice [email protected] 510-596-4356 City ofEmeryville Ignacio Dayrit

campus oftwelve newbuildingstobebuilt next 20 years. expected togenerate8,400jobsover the Planned developments intheareaare redevelopment andconstructiondollars. has leveraged over $644millionin groundwater management plan, streamlining, andacomprehensive variety ofﬁnancialincentives, regulatory shop initiative, inconjunctionwitha for Emeryville. To datetheone-stop developments have beenbuiltorplanned commercial, industrial,andretail and retail.Adiverse mixof housing, The ChironLifeSciencesCenter, a , research,ofﬁce, rm in

een UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 33 ely olve research olve wnfields Program, which wnfields Program, Lucy Auster and Parks King County Department of Natural Resources 206-296-8476 [email protected] The EES has been particularly effective in helping small businesses and non-profit in helping The EES has been particularly effective In the early days of the program EES staff spent numerous hours conducting outreach to of the program EES staff spent numerous In the early days The Duwamish Coalition and the King County / Seattle Brownfields Program created the Program the King County / Seattle Brownfields Coalition and The Duwamish an attorney who was able to secure cleanup funds from the former cleaners’ insurance an attorney who was and the bakery opened in 2004. cleaned up in 2003 The site was company. a brownfield, by providing strategic advice that helped save time and money and gave the gave time and money and strategic advice that helped save providing by a brownfield, able to The business was successfully. comfort that he could complete the transition owner this expansion. new ones through retain 63 jobs and create 20 wrecking yard and sell the property for redevelopment into a gas station/mini-mart. and sell the property for redevelopment wrecking yard business relocate and expand its operation on to ES helped a small marine boat-building of a small bakery who had purchased an old dry cleaners find helped the owner EES wished to retire assess and clean up his auto of a family business who ES helped the owner For more information, contact: ◗ ◗ more than $250,000 in consulting costs. more than $250,000 Examples of up and reusing their brownfields. the challenges of cleaning organizations navigate successful projects include the following: ◗ cleanup options. cleanup options. and attending meetings with local businesses. including door to door visits potential clients, helped complete 50 Since 1999, they have been remarkable. The results of the EES have and and non-profit cleanup million in private more than $10 leverage site assessments, local businesses and save permanent jobs, create 260 temporary and 210 funds, redevelopment and redevelopment to businesses, nonprofit organizations and municipalities in King County. in King County. organizations and municipalities nonprofit to businesses, and redevelopment assessments that inv limited Phase One environmental EES assistance includes review of existing site visits, with interested parties, meetings uses, on past and present assistance also provides EES steps. and determination of next environmental information consultant requirements of the cleanup process, the regulatory and technical with navigating and developing resources, leveraging identifying and interpreting consultant reports, referrals, partnership led to the creation of the King County / City of Seattle Bro the creation of the King County / City partnership led to communities in 1998. showcase original brownfields selected as one of the 16 was identify and cost-effectiv Service (EES) to help local businesses Environmental Extension Agricultural after the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Modeled environmental problems. solve assessment, cleanup, assistance in brownfields free technical EES provides Extension Service, KING COUNTY / CITY OF SEATTLE, WA: Technical Assistance Helps Helps Assistance Technical WA: SEATTLE, CITY OF / COUNTY KING Brownfields Revitalize Small Businesses Coalition to “preserve created the Duwamish County Council the Metropolitan King In 1994, industrial job and expanding the manufacturing for the purpose of industrial land and reclaim public-private This broad-based environment.” the natural protecting and enhancing and base, STATE 34 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Massachusetts provides liabilityreliefdirectlyunderthe statutetovarious parties undertaking Liability Protection site cleanupshave beencompleted. that have beenreportedtotheMassachusettsDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection,20,000 cumulative-risk approachbasedonsite-specificinformation.Fromauniverse of30,000 sites of cleanupstandardsbasedonachemical-specific approachwithnumericalstandards, ora tied tofuturereuse, andcanincludeactivityuselimitations. Theprogramoffersachoice provided concertedoutreachinover 200 communities. or directprojectassistanceasaresultoftheAct's implementation,andpartneragencies have assist brownfields projects. Asof2004, morethan650 projectsreceived fundingapproval and/ cleanup ofbrownfields andothersites;thelattercreatedfinancialliabilityprogramsthat Brownfields Act in1998.Theformercreatedacleanupprogramthatprovides flexibilityforthe Massachusetts establishedaprivatized, voluntary cleanupprogramin1993,andpassedits MASSACHUSETTS states areproviding tohelplocalcommunitiesaddressbrownfields. — and nosingle approach — fits thefinancing needsofallbrownfield projects. actually cleanupthebrown. Theyrecognizethatnospecifictypeofpublic-private partnership complicated planningandtransactioncoststhatbrownfield typicallyrequire, andthegreento reuse — challenges thatincludefinancingsiteassessmentandcleanup,themore different approachesinplacetohelplocalitiesmeetthediverse challengesofbrownfield finance brownfield reuse. Whatisinterestingtheirvariety; statesareputtingmany redevelopment ofbrownfields. from liability, educationandpromotionofbrownfields, andmoretoolstopromotethe for assessmentandcleanup,taxincentives forbusinessesthatlocateonbrownfields, protection being drawn intoconfusing andcostlyCERCLA liability. Inaddition,statesprovide funding and otherstakeholdersovercome theirfearofpurchasingapotentiallycontaminatedsiteand S persons have liabilityprotection againstCommonwealth claimsforresponse actioncosts responsible, andmeetother requirementsofthelaw areconsidered"eligiblepersons." Eligible and municipalities. Parties thatcompleteacleanupunderstateregulations, arenotcausally brownfields projects, including tenants, downgradient propertyowners, secured lenders, Effective State Brownfields Programs Managed andoverseen by state-licensedsiteprofessionals, cleanupsundertheprogramare The following profileshighlightjustafewofthetypesincentives, support,andservices In fact,morethanhalfthestateshave sometypeofprograminplacetohelp similar stateresponseprogramshave beencriticaltohelppurchasers, developers, lenders, redevelopment effortsatthe locallevel. StateVoluntary CleanupPrograms(VCPs)and tates play acriticalrolein encouraging andsupportingbrownfields cleanupand UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 35 , in wner 007. 007.

Bureau of Waste Site Cleanup Bureau of Waste 617-556-1138 [email protected] Catherine Finneran Department of Environmental Protection As of June 2004, the state's BRAC Program had assisted 227 projects leveraging $133 Program had assisted 227 projects leveraging the state's BRAC As of June 2004, The remediation loan program offered through the Brownfields Redevelopment Fund Redevelopment program offered through the Brownfields The remediation loan Site Assessment Brownfields through the state Urban Limited funding is available For more information, contact: million in cleanup dollars, creating and/or retaining 23,239 jobs, and leveraging $1.7 billion and leveraging creating and/or retaining 23,239 jobs, million in cleanup dollars, $29 million Fund has provided Redevelopment The Brownfields dollars. investment in private Dozens of brownfields projects. 379 brownfields in assessment and cleanup loans to over General. been negotiated with the Office of the Attorney not to sue have covenants The Massachusetts Economic Development Incentive Program provides a menu of tax options Program provides Incentive The Massachusetts Economic Development for or enhanced value, municipal property taxes on all value including: negotiated prospective tax exemption from local personal property taxes; a 5 percent state investment years; up to 20 abandoned building tax deduction. In addition, municipalities may percent credit; and a 10 from the new o negotiate back taxes on contaminated sites in exchange for a commitment to clean and restore the site to the tax rolls. subsidizes premiums for both policies by 25 percent. 25 by subsidizes premiums for both policies Incentives at commercial/industrial sites of 25 percent The state offers tax credits for remediation reuse restrictions) for eligible parties who percent (without (with reuse restrictions) or 50 areas before 2 "diligently" pursue and complete site cleanups in economically distressed Massachusetts Brownfield Redevelopment Access to Capital (BRAC). This is a $15 million state This is a $15 million to Capital (BRAC). Access Redevelopment Massachusetts Brownfield pre-negotiated policies: (1) a fund program based on two subsidized environmental insurance with associated costs unanticipated for pay to policy Liability Legal Cap/Pollution Cost Cleanup and cleanup of previously existing business interruption planned cleanup, third-party liability, protect lenders from defaults on loans Secured Lender policy to and (2) a ten-year unknowns; BRAC conditions remain on site. while environmental made for cleanup and redevelopment Program administered by the Executive Office of Environmental Affairs and the Department Office of Environmental the Executive Program administered by offers assessment resources to environmental justice of Environmental Protection. This fund projects. cleanup communities undertaking brownfields Insurance administers the of Business Technology, in partnership with the Department MassBusiness, conducting environmental testing. conducting environmental loans are for environmental cleanup. These to $500,000 financing of up low-interest provides or must be the owner substantial collateral, and the borrower a mortgage or other secured by basis. are quite flexible and determined on a case-by-case Terms tenant of the site. Funding administers the Group, Advisory with the State's Brownfields in partnership MassDevelopment, financing for site assessments flexible Fund, designed to provide Redevelopment Brownfields site assessment program The state's in economically distressed areas. and cleanup actions or or operators for innocent landowners of up to $50,000 interest-free financing provides enter the site for the purpose of site control or evidence of right to eligible persons with and natural resource damages once a cleanup is completed. For complicated projects that do projects complicated For is completed. a cleanup once damages resource and natural Not Covenant negotiate a Brownfields parties can protections, from the statutory not benefit that the protection provides General. This agreement Attorney the Office of the to Sue with solutions and temporary responsible parties for causally not, such as protection statute does of a site. for cleanup and redevelopment exchange 36 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization grant funds. million. Theprivate sector hasinvested approximately28private dollarsforevery dollarof investment, aswell asover 1,500 housingunitson29differentsites, withavalue totaling$103 its brownfield effortshave generatedanestimated13,000jobsand$2.3billion inprivate that arenow completedor underway. baseline environmentalassessmentsandissued243brownfield grantsandloansforprojects institutional controls. From 1992to2002, Michigan'sbrownfield programprocessed5,485 several landusecategories: residential,commercial,andindustrial,aswell aslimiteduseswith Michigan's voluntary cleanup programfollows risk-basedstandardsforsoiland groundwater in MICHIGAN For moreinformation,contact: subject torenewal. an ObsoletePropertyRehabilitation District.BothcreditsexpiredinJanuary2003, andwere 100 percent oftaxesonrealpropertyforupto12years whenanurbancommunitycreates in 2000 aspartoftheObsoletePropertyRehabilitation Act, allows theabatementofupto brownfield planofaBrownfield Redevelopment Authority. Anew brownfield credit,enacted development costs(butnotcleanupcosts)ofinnocentpartiesonpropertiesincluded inthe Michigan offersasinglebusinesstaxcreditof10 percent(witha$1millioncap)forthe Incentives asbestos abatement. urban communitiestouseTIFforinfrastructure, demolition,sitepreparation,andlead paid for. AnAmendmentin2000 allows functionallyobsoleteandblightedpropertiesin up asiteremediationrevolving fundfromtaxincrementscapturedafterremedialactionsare program hasbeenunfundedduetothecurrentbudgetdifficulties inMichigan. loans fromtaxincrementscollectedby aBrownfield Redevelopment Authority. However, this repayable over 15years with5-year deferralofrepayment andinteresttoallow citiestorepay cities forsiteassessment,demolition,andremoval actionsataninterestrateof2.25percent, 1998, included$255millionforbrownfield cleanup. The CleanMichiganInitiative, a$675-millionbondissueapproved by voters inNovember the reuseprocess, butrecentbudgetproblemshave atleasttemporarilycurtailedmany ofthem. Michigan normallyoffersawidearray ofbrownfield fundingassistancetargetedtoallaspectsof Funding "due care"whenredeveloping theproperty. days ofpurchase, andtheymay seekcovenants nottosue. Non-liablenewowners mustuse assessment andsubmitittotheStatedepartmentofenvironmentalquality(DEQ)within45 landowners fromliability for existingcontaminationiftheycompleteabaselineenvironmental Michigan's NaturalResources EnvironmentalProtectionAct (1994,amended in 1995)exempts Liability Protection For voluntary cleanupsiteswherebenefitinformationisavailable, thestateestimatesthat Brownfield Redevelopment Authorities, whichhave TIF/bondingauthority, canalsoset Inaddition,astaterevitalizationrevolving loanfundprovided $30 millionforloansto www.deq.state.mi.us/erd/brownfields/ 517-373-8450 Michigan DepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 37 estigation and remedy. estigation and remedy. enue, including Sales Tax and including Sales Tax enue,

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection 609-984-3122 www.state.nj.us/dep/srp/brownfields/ For more information, contact: community-based end-use planning and economies of scale for site inv and is a major component of the NJ State Development redevelopment In addition, brownfield principals Plan). New Jersey has rigorously applied Smart Growth Plan (State Redevelopment natural open space, and preserve of this State Plan in an attempt to conserve to development and financial liability, regulatory, supplies while providing resources and drinking water urban properties. for redeveloping incentives Incentives supported by Opportunity Zones, designate qualifying Environmental Municipalities may tax abatements (which offset cleanup costs) for up to 15 incrementally increasing real property a community allows initiative Area (BDA) Development as needed. The State Brownfield years, issues in an area-wide approach, providing to address environmental and redevelopment restricted use levels. In addition, the state Environmental Infrastructure Trust Fund provides Fund provides Infrastructure Trust In addition, the state Environmental restricted use levels. also may Developers quality. water activities that improve loans for brownfield low-interest Reimbursement the Brownfield up to 75 percent of their site remedy costs under recover certain state tax rev Fund should the end use of the site generate entered into more than 57 redevelopment have developers Private Corporate Business Tax. $279 million. totaling more than agreements for cleanup cost recovery The Hazardous Discharge Site Remediation Fund provides low-interest loans and grants up to low-interest Fund provides The Hazardous Discharge Site Remediation in grants activities; and up to $2 million a year entities for remediation $1 million to private obtained through for orphan sites and sites to municipal governments and loans available This fund also offers a 25 purposes. redevelopment tax sale certificates or foreclosure for site remedy or alternative application of innovative percent matching grant for the successful remediating a site to unrestricted or limited or for expenses associated with technologies, remedy conducted under the state Voluntary Cleanup Program; the developers must have must have Cleanup Program; the developers under the state Voluntary remedy conducted Purchaser Agreements provide Prospective the site. responsible for polluting been in no way of no further action letters and prior to the issuance to qualified developers liability protection the cleanup is completed under the State's oversight. provided not to sue, covenants Funding Liability Protection responsible Potentially not to sue. further action letters with covenants The state offers no from the not benefit cleanup program, but may in the voluntary parties can participate The not to sue. be eligible for covenants may Subsequent landowners not to sue. covenant against state and third party an innocent purchaser defense also provides New Jersey statute for a site a no further action approval that receive developers brownfield damage claims for NEW JERSEY NEW and restricted use, limited restricted use, for unrestricted levels three cleanup allows New Jersey contaminants of ground water attenuation for natural allows in some circumstances and use, Area (CEA) Exception Standard Classification Quality Water of a Ground through application removed. source must be the contamination situations, control. In all institutional 38 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Oregon offersaProspective PurchaserAgreement(PPA) programtodefinethe limitsofstate Liability Protection active in the VCP; in the first half of 2004, the VCP issued NFA letters for 30 sites. that often results in a no-further-action (NFA) decision. As of August 2004, there were 358 sites an independent cleanup option where the state's only involvement is reviewing a final report also may choose the degree of oversight desired during site investigation and cleanup, including options such as institutional controls. The same risk-based standards apply to all sites. Applicants consultants, and may choose between removal/treatment technologies or risk-management managers who can help applicants navigate the cleanup process. Applicants select their own Oregon's Voluntary Cleanup Program (VCP), established in 1991, provides seasoned project OREGON For moreinformation,contact: and private funding,andfinancingavailable throughOECDD. A DEQwork groupprovides technicalassistancetoidentifyresources, includingfederal,state, Incentives public, quasi-public(e.g., ports),ornon-profitownership. grants, throughwhichitcanconductbrownfield assessmentsfornochargeatsitesunder DEQ hasnodirectgrantorloanprogramsforbrownfields. However, DEQhasaccesstoEPA Oregon DepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality(DEQ) under municipalownership. assessments onindustrial-zonedproperties, andforremediationonindustrial-zonedproperties special publicworks fundisavailable tomunicipalandtribalgovernments forenvironmental $1.5 millionEPA Brownfields CleanupRevolving LoanFundgrant.Inaddition,thestate's since 1995. liability forpotentialbuyers ofcontaminatedsites;thestatehasnegotiatedover 50 PPAs

www.econ.state.or.us 503-986-0123 Oregon EconomicandCommunity DevelopmentDepartment www.deq.state.or.us/wmc/cleanup/brn0.htm 503-229-6258 Oregon DepartmentofEnvironmental Quality

and brownfield redevelopment projects, andthe portfolio insuranceforenvironmentalactions Oregon's capitalaccessprogramoffersloan Department (OECDD) Oregon Economic&CommunityDevelopment Cleanup Fundwhichisfinancedthrougha through theOregonCoalitionBrownfields and grantsareavailable toeligibleprojects and siteremediation.Moreover, cleanuploans environmental assessments, feasibilitystudies brownfield redevelopment fundcanfinance businesses. Throughgrantsorloans, thestate's allowable usesforloanguaranteesindividual actions andbrownfield redevelopment projectsas credit enhancementfundincludesenvironmental Financing

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 39

Economic Stimulus o percent rate for terms which will fuel a major new investment in which will fuel a major new investment Gov. Edward G. Rendell, on March 31, 2004, 2004, on March 31, G. Rendell, Edward Gov. major pieces of Pennsylvania's major pieces of Pennsylvania's Package This initiative communities across the Commonwealth. $2 billion for the revitalization of nearly invests program offers grants of up to $50,000 to cities and to cities program offers grants of up to $50,000 authorities to carry out brownfield development inventories. of several announced the bipartisan approval remediation, clearance, and new construction, up to remediation, clearance, interest $1.25 million per project at a three percent Grant Inventory The Brownfield rate for 15 years. As of July 2004, the program had cleaned up 1,711 sites, with 700 more sites underway. The underway. more sites 700 with sites, had cleaned up 1,711 the program As of July 2004, Assistance agencies and economic development for municipalities Sites Initiative Key Pennsylvania's estimates and uses state-funded contractors to conduct site assessments and prepare cost Incentives be where all taxes may Opportunity Zones, Keystone established In 1998, Pennsylvania Credit program for firms The State also created the Job Creation Tax for up to 12 years. forgiven from their start date with percent within three years 25 jobs or 20 by that increase employment the program, offering a tax credit of $1,000 per new job. Pennsylvania's communities. Programs include Business in Our Sites, Building PA, the New PA the New PA Building PA, Programs include Business in Our Sites, communities. Pennsylvania's the 2nd Stage Program, Capital Investment Venture Guarantee Program, the New PA Venture Increment Financing Guarantee Program and the Infrastructure and Loan Program, the Tax be programs may More information on these new financial Program. Improvement Facilities found at www.newpa.com. Development Program provides public and private developers with grants and loans for site with grants developers public and private Program provides Development Funding and grants to municipalities and private Program offers loans The State's Industrial Sites Reuse The and $1 million for remediation, per year. for site assessment entities of up to $200,000 match, and loans carry a tw loans and grants require a 25 percent In addition, the Infrastructure for remediation. for assessments and 15 years years up to five Liability Protection liability for from parties, including potentially responsible clients, The program releases Program entered into the first One Cleanup Pennsylvania In April of 2004, cleanups. approved remediation clarifies that site The MOA with EPA. memorandum of agreement (MOA) under also satisfy requirements Program may conducted under the State's Land Recycling and TSCA. RCRA, including CERCLA, federal environmental laws health standards. health standards. tens of thousands of jobs and created an estimated have brownfields program's redeveloped Many businesses. 1,700 creation or retention of approximately the impetus for the provided residential development. and green space, areas, spurred recreational sites having PENNSYLVANIA standards for identifies risk-based in 1995, Program, established Recycling Land Pennsylvania's standards are attained. liability when and limits future process, simplifies the approval cleanup, of background, offers a choice the program risk-based process, using a formal than Rather part of site- be may controls Institutional cleanup standards. health, or site-specific statewide or statewide are not permitted for attaining background but they specific responses, 40 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization For moreinformation,contact: size, zoning,buildingsandconditions, andutilityaccess. is identified,additionalinformationcanberetrieved includingcounty, municipality, property for available propertiesby location,acreage, buildingsquarefoot,orcost.Onceapotentialsite available forredevelopment intheState. Usersmay listasiteforsaleorleaseandalsosearch PA SiteFinderweb sitehelpstomarketpreviouslyusedcommercialandindustrial properties remediation planstopromotethereuseofabandonedindustrialproperties that may be transferred tonewowners. AftertheWDNRapproves environmentalinvestigation in theVPLEprocess. also qualifyafterWDNRapproves oftheinvestigation andcleanupofacontaminatedproperty their liability. Thisincludeslocalgovernments, lendersandimpacted neighbors. Othersmay cleaning upthecontamination. Wisconsinlaw establishes proceduresforcertainpartiestolimit In Wisconsin,personswhocauseadischargeorown contaminatedpropertyare responsiblefor Liability Protection Bureau forRemediation andRedevelopment Tracking System. and groundwater userestrictionsaretrackedonWDNR'sweb-based Registry ofClosedSitesand specific soilcleanupstandardsbasedonthetypeofland use. Thesiteswith deedrestrictions groundwater userestrictionsforsitesclosedusingnaturalattenuation,andcalculations ofsite- to obtainsiteclosure. Suchcontrolsincludedeedrestrictionsforsoilperformancestandards, Groundwater mustmeetenforcementstandardsordemonstratethatitwill standards. in regulation;(2)site-specificcleanupstandards;or(3)risk-basedperformancestandards. offers applicantsthreechoicesofcleanupstandardsforsoilcontamination:(1)numericv the VPLEcleanupprocess. 14,000 sites(includingthosefortraditionalspillcleanups),and135activ action necessaryletters)peryear. TheWDNRhasissuedclose-outlettersforapproximately responsible parties, areeligible. TheWDNRapproves over 500 closures(i.e., nofurthercleanup sites undertheState'sVoluntary Party LiabilityExemption(VPLE).Allparties, including cases. Undertherule, performance-basedcleanupstandardsapplytoallsites, including single programtooffertimeandcostsavings. comprehensive, streamlinedprogramthatconsolidatesmany stateandfederalprogramsintoa contamination andtheredevelopment ofcontaminatedproperties. TheRRProgramisa of NaturalResources (WDNR)assistsintheinvestigation andcleanupofenvironmental The Remediation andRedevelopment (RR)ProgramwithintheWisconsinDepartment Technical Resources Group, abi-partisangroupofbrownfields practitioners, includinganumberofstateagencies. and cleanupssincethemid-1990s. Thisefforthasbeenledby Wisconsin'sBrownfields Study The StateofWisconsinhasbeenontheleadingedgebrownfields policy, programinitiatives, WISCONSIN The VPLEprocessoffersCertifi cates ofCompletion(COCs) andexemptionfromliability Wisconsin's regulationsallow for, orrequireinsomecases, theuseofinstitutionalcontrols Other progressive initiatives includeuseofarisk-basedcorrective actionprocessthat WDNR's programusesasingleadministrative cleanupruleforalltypesofcontamination brownfi[email protected] [email protected] 717-783-7816 Land Recycling andCleanupProgram Pennsylvania DepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection

e sitesarecurrentlyin . Inaddition,the alues UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 41

Through these state brownfield grants, 56 brownfield projects will create an estimated 56 brownfield grants, Through these state brownfield WDNR also has the authority to issue a variety of assurance letters to clarify liability in letters to clarify of assurance to issue a variety has the authority WDNR also 2005 biennium, are available for state-lead cleanups at priority contamination sites, for state-lead cleanups at priority contamination sites, biennium, are available 2005 including some brownfields. Commerce are provided from state-administered Community Development Block Grant from state-administered Community Development Commerce are provided people) for assessing or remediating sites in blighted funds to small cities (less than 50,000 for cleanup. for assessment and $500,000 to $100,000 up grants cover The areas. discharges. per facility to clean up solvent which reimburses up to $500,000 Brownfields Coalition (Wisconsin DNR, Commerce, Administration, and the nine and Administration, Coalition (Wisconsin DNR, Commerce, Brownfields and sub-grant these funds to local Planning Commissions). WBC plans to loan Regional and complete a limited projects and tribes to "jump-start" redevelopment governments help provide to available be made may Some funds number of green space projects. Insurance Program. for Wisconsin's new Environmental incentives facilities grant program, which awarded 11 projects a total of $1 million infor 2003 local governments to clean up brownfields that will be reused as green recreationspace, areas, or local government facilities. with a 0.5 percent service fee. The brownfields site The brownfields with a 0.5 percent service fee. million assessment grant program, totaling $3.4 biennium, offers grants to for the 2003-2005 percent match for site at a 20 local governments demolition, and assessment, investigation, tank removal. years awarded grants to 162 brownfields sites in 84 different communities on more than communities on more than sites in 84 different grants to 162 brownfields awarded years In addition, the WDNR's 554 acres of land. uses clean water loan program land recycling for no-interest loans to to provide fund moneys cleanup municipalities for site assessment and 2003 biennium for public or private use for investigation, cleanup, and redevelopment. cleanup, and redevelopment. investigation, use for biennium for public or private 2003 percent match. require a 20-50 Most of these grants WDNR has a brownfields green space and public the 2003– totaling an estimated $5.6 million over WDNR Environmental Fund moneys, grants at the State Department of Redevelopment Blight Elimination and Brownfield Fund, financed through an industry tax, WDNR has a Dry Cleaner Environmental Response Fund of $4 million on behalf of the Wisconsin Loan Revolving WDNR administers an EPA in its first four which Site Assessment Grant (SAG), the brownfields WDNR administers $14 million in the 2001- grant program totaled of Commerce's brownfield The Department 3,950 jobs and increase property values by an estimated $356 million on 687 acres. an estimated $356 million on 687 acres. by and increase property values jobs 3,950 Incentives percent of Up to 50 redevelopment. for brownfield tax incentives Wisconsin offers several Business zone tax credits. remediation costs in designated zones are eligible for development ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ Funding state agencies: at many available financial incentives has brownfields The State of Wisconsin ◗ and cleanup of an entire property, the voluntary party receives a COC and is protected from from is protected COC and a receives party voluntary the property, an entire of and cleanup for pay to get a COC if they natural attenuation parties can use As of 2001, future liability. the State program. insurance through environmental situations. various 42 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization For moreinformation,contact: to cleanupcontaminatedproperty. many otherareas. promote investment inlow incomeneighborhoods, historicpreservation, brownfields, and also recentlyreceived $100 millioninfederalnewmarkettaxcredits, whichwillbeusedto investigation andremediation costsindistrictsdesignatedby localgovernments. Wisconsin cleanup costs. Environmental remediationtaxincrementfinancing canbeprovided torecoup revenues forPhaseIandII assessments, publicimprovements, redevelopment staff,and improvement districtscanalsousespecialtaxassessmentsindesignatedtoraise In addition,localitiescancanceldelinquenttaxesifanewowner oranotherpersonagrees dnr.wi.gov/org/aw/rr 608-267-6713 Wisconsin DepartmentofNaturalResources Darsi Foss [email protected] 608-561-7714 Wisconsin DepartmentofCommerce,BrownfieldsInitiative Jason Scott

STRONG UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 43

Strong Local-Federal Partnerships Local-Federal Strong STRONG

he federal government has been an important partner to local communities looking to important partner to local communities has been an he federal government technical provided and officials have agencies Federal properties. revitalize brownfield needed for upgrade the community infrastructure and financial support, helped This section highlights a few of the strong partnerships that local governments have Indeed, the vast majority of profiles in this book include some sort of partnership with the majority of profiles in this book Indeed, the vast In particular, the EPA has done a tremendous job of leading the federal brownfields brownfields federal the leading of job tremendous a done has EPA the particular, In works and infrastructure resources into brownfields. This federal public works investment in brownfields can include transportation, housing, economic development, water resources development, researchtechnology, and development, education, law enforcement, job training, finance, and other key forms of public investment. As these profiles demonstrate, it forpays local communities to look for support not just from but EPA other federal agencies as well. participated in the initiative, which leveraged hundreds of millions of dollars in assistance for which leveraged participated in the initiative, strategies and projects. brownfields innovative communities and led to many formed with other federal programs to revitalize brownfields, including many examples from the Showcase Communities. The role of other federal agencies in brownfields and community revitalization will become increasingly important as communities seek to invest federal public EPA. However, while the EPA's efforts over the last decade have made the Agency a brownfields Agency a brownfields made the have the last decade efforts over the EPA's while However, EPA. that supports the unit of the federal government champion, the Agency is not the only the Brownfields and other federal agencies launched In 1998, EPA revitalization of brownfields. to demonstrate new was The purpose of the initiative Communities Initiative. Showcase where the resources of multiple federal agencies could models of local-federal collaboration, federal agencies More than 20 projects. programs and to assist local brownfields be leveraged In 2000, the EPA's brownfields program won the prestigious John F. Kennedy School School Kennedy F. John prestigious the won program brownfields EPA's the 2000, In American in "Innovations Government's in Excellence for Council and Government, of have that programs government innovative for honor top nation's the Award," Government public. the served best effort. Since 1993, EPA has provided nearly $700 million in Brownfields funding to states, states, to funding Brownfields in million $700 nearly provided has EPA 1993, Since effort. blight that properties brownfield the revitalize to stakeholders other and governments, local can what show efforts brownfields EPA's development. economic inhibit and communities state and local with openly and cooperatively works government federal the when happen problem. a solve to stakeholders other and developers, groups, community governments, T for the legal liability framework improved helped raise national awareness, redevelopment, in some cases and redevelopment, job training in brownfields provided re-users, brownfields programs going. to communities to get brownfield loaned employees even PARTERSHIPS 44 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization maintenance causedsevere deteriorationintheCIDtopointwheredamagingsewer industries. However, decadesofcatastrophicflooding,economicdislocationanddeferred once anationalcenterforstockyard, meatpacking,agriculture, railroadandmanufacturing District (CID).ThisurbanindustrialareastraddlestheMissouriandK successfully rebuildsewer infrastructure andrevitalizeanareaknown astheCentralIndustrial the neighboringcitiesofKansas City, MissouriandKansas City, Kansas have beenableto By establishingastrongpartnershipwiththeEconomicDevelopment Administration (EDA), Infrastructure inKansas CityKS/MO Economic DevelopmentAdministration Agency signed a Land Disposition Agreement with Glen Isle Development, LLC to develop a increased greenspace and waterside attractions. In 2003, the Glen Cove Industrial Development vitality, Glen Cove is transforming this blighted area into a regional tourist destination with decline of the waterfront district, restoring environmental quality, and improving economic sites along a mile of Glen Cove's waterfront, adjacent to the downtown. By reversing the physical faces the responsibility of revitalizing this once-vibrant area by reclaiming a cluster of brownfield 1900s. Years of industrial activity have left a mark on Glen Cove's waterfront, and the City now New York was the industrial center of Long Island's Gold Coast from the late 1800s to the mid Strategically situated adjacent to Long Island Sound and along Glen Cove Creek, Glen Cove, Channeling aRevitalized Waterfront inGlen Cove,NY U.S. ArmyCorpsofEngineers — Dredging UptheIndustrialPast and For moreinformation,contact: Award forExcellenceinBrownfields Redevelopment inEPA Region 7. showcase project,theLewis&ClarkRedevelopment Project,was awarded the2000 Phoenix CID by theFaultless Starch/BonAmiCompany) and$51 millioninpublicinfrastructure. One $100 millioninnewprivate investment (includinga$17millionindustrialexpansioninthe property available forfuturedevelopment. Thismodestgranthasnow leveraged morethan www.doc.gov/eda 202-482-2309 Economic DevelopmentAdministration [email protected] 816-513-3002 City ofKansas City Andy Bracker

the industrialareafrombrinkofphysical a $1millionEDA publicworks granttorescue the citiesturnedtoEDA, which awarded them local residentstoenjoy. return ittoamanufacturingandretailareafor are now working toredevelop theCIDand businesses abandonedthearea.Thetwo cities overﬂows becameroutine. Asaresult,many cities have achieved majorsuccess. For instance, and economiccollapse. Withthisgrant,the been cleanedupandtransformedintoviable three extensive CIDbrownﬁeld siteshave

— In ordertorealizethisvisionfortheCID, Beefing UpBrownfields ansas statelinesandwas UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 45 wnfields at the terminal vigation channel in

Cara Longworth, Executive Director Glen Cove Community Development Agency 516-676-1625 www.glencove-li.com/ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers District New York 212-264-0100 www.nan.usace.army.mil/index.htm Through an interagency agreement with EPA, the Corps conducted an area-wide the Corps conducted an area-wide agreement with EPA, Through an interagency To accomplish this waterfront this waterfront accomplish To three demonstration sites, in addition to granting money from a newly-established Brownfields Brownfields newly-established a from money granting to addition in sites, demonstration three to strategies effective develop to is partnership local-federal this of goal The Fund. Revitalization particularly Angeles, Los throughout brownfields of redevelopment and remediation the enable communities. disadvantaged in Building Blocks for Brownfields Revitalization in Los Angeles, CA Building Blocks for Brownfields Revitalization of Office Mayor's the from members with Team Brownfields local a created has Angeles Los Affairs Environmental the Agency, Redevelopment Community the Development, Economic Legislative Chief Council's City the Department, Development Community the Department, HUD from assistance With needed. as agencies and departments other and Office, Analyst revitalizing and rehabilitating is Team Brownfields Angeles Los the agencies, federal other and Department of Housing and Urban Development — Department of Housing and Urban Development on the restoration of Glen Cove Creek, the Army Corps of Engineers is helping the City of Glen Corps of Engineers Creek, the Army on the restoration of Glen Cove attract tourists from around district that will realize its vision of a revitalized waterfront Cove the country. For more information, contact: performed bulkheading and maintenance dredging of the federal na performed bulkheading and maintenance material and equipment. Since Creek, properly disposing of the contaminated Glen Cove the City obtained from the local government, with the Corps requires match funding working Members of Congress to complete this dredging a $135,000 appropriation through its and engineering assistance to develop planning valuable project. The Corps has also provided area. By focusing access to the waterfront vital transportation conceptual plans for improving agency that is providing invaluable invaluable agency that is providing Cove. assistance to Glen and sediment inputs from bro characterization study of contamination revitalization plan effective an Creek. This study helped the City develop end of Glen Cove point for the Creek. In addition, the Corps area, which is a visual focal for this waterfront collaborating with county, state, and state, county, collaborating with This collaboration federal agencies. to leverage Cove has enabled Glen in funding and more than $40 million The U.S. Army technical assistance. is one federal Corps of Engineers hotel, a conference center, possible possible center, conference a hotel, retail restaurants, units, residential pedestrian/bicycle a and parks, shops, esplanade. is plan, the City revitalization 46 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization concerns, have hinderedeffortstorecruitnewbusinessthearea. and remodeling.Thecontamination,coupledwithsecuritytransportationinfrastructure owners intheGoodyear IndustrialTract have beenunabletoobtainfinancingforexpansion organic compounds(VOCs), petroleumhydrocarbons, andpesticides. Asaresult,business number ofcontaminatedlandparcels. Potential contaminationconcernsincludePCBs, volatile surrounded by residential neighborhoods. Duetopastuses, thesitecontains an unknown The Goodyear IndustrialTract Siteisoccupiedby 325smallindustrialbusinesses andis located inSouthCentralLosAngelesnearthehighspeed,capacityAlamedaCorridor Originally thesiteofaGoodyear Tiremanufacturingplant,this208 acreindustrialareais of onedemonstrationsitethathassignificantlybenefitedfromthelocal-HUDpartnership. that arecritical totheCity'srevitalization plans. TheStamfordUrban Transitway willfacilitate the U.S.DepartmentofTransportation (DOT), tomakemajortransportationimprovements Transportation, theSouthwestern Regional PlanningAgency, andfederalagencies, including The CityofStamford,Connecticut ispartneringwiththeConnecticutDepartment of Revitalization inStamford,CT U.S. DepartmentofTransportation — On theTrack Toward For moreinformation,contact: and marketingstudiestotargetappropriatereusesforanotherdemonstrationsite information, identifythescopeandcostsofsoilcleanup,pro Tract, theL.A.Brownfields Team used$350,000 fromtheFundtocreateadatabaseofparcel at brownfield siteswithintheCity. Inadditiontothe$300,000 granttotheGoodyear Industrial provides grantsforassessment,acquisition,remediation,andcommunityinvolvement activities a $4.45millionlocalBrownfields Revitalization Fund.TheBrownfields Revitalization Fund center on the Goodyear Industrial Tract. business community that offers such attractions as a supermarket and full-service retail shopping Brownfields Revitalization Fund, the Los Angeles Brownfields Team plans to develop a revitalized its partnership with HUD and other funding sources, including $300,000 from the City's with the support they need to expand and address contamination-related issues. Through site, monitor access, clean up abandoned rail spurs, rebuild infrastructure, and provide businesses (CDBG) program. Los Angeles has used its federal money to accomplish the following: fence the with a Section 108-backed loan, provided through HUD's Community Development Block Grant as job creation and strengthening the local tax base. BEDI grants must be used in conjunction through projects that increase economic opportunities for low- to moderate-income people, such program that HUD administers to assist communities with the redevelopment of brownfields million in grants and $10.4 million in Section 108 guaranteed loans. BEDI is a competitive grant $12.1 million Brownfields Economic Development Initiative (BEDI) package, including $1.7 Brownfields Team assembled an array of federal and local resources. HUD awarded the City a Determined to create a long-term economic recovery program for the property, the City The rehabilitationoftheGoodyear IndustrialTract siteinLosAngelesisanexample The Brownfields Team has also used a portion of its annual HUD CDBG money to establish www.ci.la.ca.us/ead/labf/index.htm 213-978-0872 Los AngelesEnvironmentalAffairsDepartment Noemi Emeric www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/economicdevelopment/programs/bedi/index.cfm 202-708-1112 Office ofCommunityPlanningandDevelopment U.S. DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment

vide economicdevelopment

. . UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 47

www.fta.dot.gov/office/planning/ep/subjarea/hazmat.html City of Stamford Engineering Bureau 203-977-5796 www.ci.stamford.ct.us/Engineering/UrbanTransitway/default.asp U.S. Department of Transportation Administration Federal Transit 202-366-1734 The estimated cost for the Stamford Urban Transitway is approximately $70 million, million, $70 approximately is Transitway Urban Stamford the for cost estimated The As exemplified by the Stamford Urban Transitway, DOT provides states and municipalities provides DOT Urban Transitway, the Stamford As exemplified by community-based initiative that provides an innovative and comprehensive approach to law approach to law and comprehensive an innovative that provides community-based initiative and Seed and community revitalization. The Operation Weed enforcement, crime prevention, and gang activity in drug abuse, control, and reduce violent crime, strategy aims to prevent, approach: (1) law a two-pronged The strategy involves targeted high-crime neighborhoods. out" criminals who engage in violent crime and drug abuse within enforcement activities "weed and treatment, intervention including prevention, the project site; and (2) human services, Department of Justice — Weeding out Crime, Weeding — Department of Justice RI in Providence, Seeding Revitalization Community in 1998, Showcase selected as a Brownfields After the State of Rhode Island was official recognition from the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) received the City of Providence and Seed is a DOJ and Seed" site in Rhode Island. Operation Weed in 1999 as the first "Weed For more information, contact: Stamford Urban Transitway to improve transit operations, safety, and efficiency and to encourage encourage to and efficiency and safety, operations, transit improve to Transitway Urban Stamford and current accommodate to transportation of modes non-motorized and transportation public redevelopment the for catalyst critical a be will Transitway the addition, In needs. traffic future the of Construction properties. brownfield numerous contains which end south Stamford's of 2005. of summer the during begin to scheduled is Transitway Urban Stamford transportation, improved communities, and greater economic vitality. and greater economic communities, transportation, improved Federal DOT's from funding substantial and Stamford, of City the from financing including Surface Administration's Highway Federal the and Program, Starts New Administration Transit program cooperative local and federal a is Program Starts New The Program. Transportation the enable will funds DOT's projects. transit of construction and planning the for designed federally-funded transportation projects. DOT encourages state and local transportation encourages state and local DOT projects. federally-funded transportation brownfields programs in conjunction with improvement transportation agencies to develop sites necessitate the that the brownfield provided efforts, remediation and redevelopment and liability costs are reasonable in and the cleanup proposed transportation improvement, policy is intended to brownfields of the project. DOT's relation to the cost and public benefit better of open space, and blighted land, conservation contribute to the reuse of abandoned revitalization. The Center currently provides a major transfer point for local bus and employer for local bus and employer a major transfer point Center currently provides revitalization. The order to In Amtrak and Metro-North rail service. access to existing and provides shuttle service, the Center, the Transportation in commuter capacity at anticipated growth accommodate the has been constructed. parking facility expanded and a 1,200-space rail platform has been through access to brownfields and provide brownfields to redevelop with the flexibility access for buses and high occupancy vehicles traveling between Interstate 95 and the Stamford Stamford and the 95 Interstate between traveling vehicles occupancy and high for buses access stations in rail and bus the busiest commuter one of — Center Transportation Intermodal the and enhance pedestrian access, will improve Transitway The Stamford Urban America. include new The project will also systems. transportation of intelligent implementation to drainage systems and upgraded the roadway, on either side of lanes and bicycle sidewalks an area targeted for for network and enhance the transportation traffic needs accommodate 48 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization potential reuseofbrownfield sites;(5)rehabilitatingexistingfacilities;(6)contributingto planning communityinvolvement andenvironmentaljusticeinitiatives; (4)assessing the and outreachtocitizensbusinesses;(2)buildingpartnershipsamongstakeholders;(3) discretion oflocalcommunitiesforbrownfields activities, including:(1)conductingeducation initially offeredupto$50,000 inflexibleOperationWeed andSeedfundingtobeusedatthe Department ofJusticebecameanactive participantinthefederalbrownfields partnership.DOJ Community policingserves asalinkbetween theweeding andseedingactivities. and communitydevelopment, "seed"thecommunitytofacilitateneighborhoodrevitalization. For moreinformation,contact: and humanaspectsofneighborhoodrevitalizationin Olneyville. and record the necessary violations as well as follow up with the properties. immediate attention. Code Enforcement has designated an investigator to assess the properties Code Enforcement Department, a four-block area of Olneyville has been identified as needing with specificstrategiesforcarryingouttheplanover five years. In conjunction with the City's schools, healthcare, child-care, andpublicsafety. Itwillalsoincludeanactioncomponent housing, neighborhoodservices, openspace/recreation,intermodaltransportation,jobs, property; and increasing positive, rewarding lifestyles through altering group norms and beliefs. Southeast Asian youth, including substance abuse, sexual activity, violence, and destruction of developing a youth-based curriculum focusing on reduction of negative behaviors among at-risk being used to strengthen existing efforts to prevent substance abuse in Olneyville. The coalition is Drug-Free Communities Support Program for a drug prevention proposal. The federal grant is poverty amongstremainingresidents. second halfofthe20th centuryandOlneyvillebecamelargelydepopulated,withahighlevel of over thepastthirtyyears. Oncealeadingindustrialcenter, employment declinedduringthe oldest neighborhoodsinProvidence, Olneyvillehassufferedfromsignificantdisinvestments Recognizing thatcrimeprevention goeshandinwithcommunityrevitalization, the Through itspartnershipwithDOJ,Providence issuccessfullyengagingboththe physical In addition,aneighborhoodrevitalizationplanisbeingdeveloped, whichwilladdress The Weed and Seed coalition in Providence has received further funding through DOJ's www.ojp.usdoj.gov/eows 202-616-1152 Office ofJusticePrograms, ExecutiveOfficeforWeed andSeed U.S. DepartmentofJustice [email protected] 401-351-2241 Nickerson CommunityCenter Melanie J.Wilson

the administeringagency. Providence has a non-profitsocialserviceagency, servingas agent, withNickersonCommunityCenter, Providence Police Department,asthefiscal federal fundsareadministeredthroughthe from DOJforitsWeed andSeedinitiative. The assistance, and$625,000over threeyears economic development. (7) assistingnon-profitorganizationswith local employment andtraining activities;and targeted thefundingtowards youth services neighborhood ofOlneyville. Asoneofthe and additionalcommunitypolicinginthe Providence hasreceived training,technical

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 49

aters edge access for In 1984, Mayor Joseph Riley In 1984, Mayor was determined that the proposed was location for the aquarium downtown exacerbated an already have would congested traffic area and an alternative sought. After an extensive site was manufacturer, fuel company, and retailer and company, fuel manufacturer, operated and coke all of coal, wood, Service The National Park near the site. the Department obtained the site from of Defense in 1987. announced plans for an $8 million, square foot aquarium in 30,000 it Charleston. However, downtown According to Charleston Mayor Joseph P. Riley, "We now have an important state asset in have now "We Riley, Joseph P. to Charleston Mayor According The aquarium has been a tremendous asset to the community, employing a staff of 110 and a staff of 110 employing The aquarium has been a tremendous asset to the community, To overcome these barriers, the City worked with EPA, the South Carolina Department with EPA, the City worked these barriers, overcome To The aquarium site is within the 18 acre Calhoun Park Area that runs along the Cooper Area that is within the 18 acre Calhoun Park The aquarium site students to attend the aquarium for free, provided they participate in programmed lessons prior provided students to attend the aquarium for free, to and after their visit. the environmental tool to educate our citizens about a valuable the South Carolina Aquarium, importance of our regional environment, and another opportunity for w our residents and visitors." 450 volunteers. From May 2000 to May 2002, the aquarium had 1.3 million visitors and in its 2002, to May 2000 From May volunteers. 450 has also spurred brownfield months brought in $8.8 million. The redevelopment first seven other the aquarium has many However, revitalization at neighboring sites along the river. as an educational and environmental its significant economic impact. It serves benefits beyond in South Carolina. The major aquatic ecosystems resource center with exhibits on the five elementary and secondary school aquarium has established an education program that allows to negotiate an effective plan for assessment, cleanup and redevelopment. As a result of those As a result of those plan for assessment, cleanup and redevelopment. to negotiate an effective In all, it lease on the property. the City a 50-year Service agreed to give the Park discussions, to to implement the cleanup plan, and four years years two to assess the site, took eight years from the more than 16 years of 2000, build the project. The aquarium finally opened in May originally proposed. date it was Cleanup Model (SACM) site, which meant that the site would be treated as if it were on the as if it were be treated which meant that the site would site, Cleanup Model (SACM) As a result of this determination, the Superfund sites. National Priorities List (NPL) of federal issues associated with the property and concerned with the liability Service was National Park City. reluctant to lease the property to the and other federal agencies Service, of Health and Environmental Control, the National Park search, the brownfield site owned by the National Park Service was chosen for its ideal location chosen for its Service was the National Park by site owned search, the brownfield City began the prepare the site for redevelopment, To and along the waterfront. near downtown significant of the site revealed the excavation In 1991, the site's drainage. to improve excavation it a Superfund Accelerated the site and designated investigated creosote contamination. EPA River. The property consisted primarily of mudflats that were filled in by the Navy to provide to provide the Navy filled in by mudflats that were The property consisted primarily of River. I and II, but then sat idle for Wars small boats during World on work additional space to A uses on surrounding properties. impacted by site was the that time, Over years. nearly 50 housed a also to 1910 which from 1855 plant operated on an adjacent site, manufactured gas plant, paint creosoting mill, chemical company, a saw the years Over coal gasification plant. National Park Service — Creating an Underwater Brownfields Brownfields an Underwater Creating — Service Park National SC in Charleston, Experience the by formerly owned that was contaminated site a 1.5 acre waterfront, On Charleston's South 69,000 square foot as the home for the has been redeveloped Service Park National Aquarium. Carolina 50 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization For moreinformation,contact: maintenance of recreationalprograms, sites, andfacilities. encourages systematic local planningandacommitmenttothecontinuingoperation and recreation centersthatbetter serve thesurroundingcommunities. TheUPARR program In addition,UPARR grants allow localitiestoconvert idlenon-recreationalfacilities into fields, picnicareas, andexercise trails, ofteninareas impactedby deterioration andbrownfields. neighborhood parks, tennisandbasketballcourts, recreationcenters, swimmingpools, ball complete. Itisexpectedtobecompletedby 2005. 30,000 residents. Asofsummer2004, theMLKJr. Park rehabilitationprojectis98percent recreation activitiesanddirectaccesstotheSanFrancisco Bay wetlands forEastPalo Alto's the rehabilitationofMLKJr. Park throughtheCity'sUPARR granthas provided significant redevelopment planistoenhancethecommunityanditslivability. In pursuitofthisgoal, the walking pathsandlandscapinginthepark,addlighting.ThegoalofEast Palo Alto's grant fundshave beenusedtoreplacetheoldbaseballfieldwithamultipurposefield,upgrade income, elderlyanddisabledneighborhoodresidents. recreation activitiesforunderserved populations, particularlyat-riskyouth andminority, low- distressed localgovernments. Thesegrantsarecriticaltohelpcommunitiesprovide urban rehabilitation, innovation, andplanning,aswell astechnicalassistancetoeconomically in broaderareasofthecommunity. TheUPARR programprovides matchinggrantsfor and aseriousdrugtraffickingtrade. Whilethecrimeratehassubsidedthroughwork of 1990s, EastPalo Altohadaper-capitamurderratehigherthanmostmajormetropolitancities of federalagencies, including theDepartmentofInterior'sNationalPark Service. Intheearly brownfields contamination andotherchallengestorevitalizationinpartnershipwithanumber The CityofEastPalo Alto is avibrantlow-income communitythatisovercoming significant National Park Service — Rehabilitating an Urban Park in East Palo Alto, CA The typesofrecreationalfacilitiesrehabilitatedthrough UPARR grantsinclude playgrounds, MLK Jr. Park has traditionallyserved asthe homeoftheEastPalo Alto LittleLeague. UPARR [email protected] 803-896-4252 South CarolinaDepartmentofHealthandEnvironmentalControl Karen Sprayberry [email protected] 843-724-3766 City ofCharleston Patricia W. Crawford

needs andtosparkrevitalization serve communityresidents'recreational Jr. Park isbeingrehabilitatedtosafely National Park ServiceinMay 2002, MLK Recovery (UPARR) grantfromthe a $300,000 UrbanPark andRecreation funding formaintenance. However, with Jr. Park was forcedtocloseduelackof Alto's youth. recreation opportunitiesforEastPalo one outoftheCity'sfourparksremained many federal-localpartnerships, only open in2002, leaving alackofpositive In 2001, MartinLutherKing(MLK)

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 51 , and

vide a critical habitat to , school children, and

www.ci.east-palo-alto.ca.us/community/index.html Service Park National Interior, U.S. Department of and Recovery Recreation Urban Park and Conservation Recreation National Center for 202-354-6900 www.nps.gov/uprr/ City of East Palo Alto Department of Community Services Alto Department of Palo City of East 650-853-3139 The U.S. Forest Service participates actively in the Brownfields National Partnership. National Partnership. in the Brownfields Service participates actively The U.S. Forest The Calumet region's sustainable brownfields redevelopment will be linked with natural redevelopment The Calumet region's sustainable brownfields Launched in June 2000, the Calumet project targets 3,000 of the area's 6,000 acres for the Calumet project Launched in June 2000, Through brownfields revitalization, wetlands and land preservation, urban forestry and preservation, and land revitalization, wetlands Through brownfields The U.S. Forest Service's mission is to achieve quality land management under a sustainable quality land management under a sustainable Service's mission is to achieve The U.S. Forest on the Calumet Open Space Through its work needs. multiple-use concept that meets diverse in natural resources Service is building on its long-term involvement the U.S. Forest Reserve, public recreation corridors, and creating new ecosystems appropriate for the area. The and creating new ecosystems public recreation corridors, a land acquisition and preservation ecological management strategy is complimented by In order to interpret and celebrate the uniquely strategy for the Calumet Open Space Reserve. linked natural and industrial history of the Calumet region for visitors construction of a new Calumet Environmental Center is planned within the residents, Open Space Reserve. Department of Natural Resources, along with a range of local, state, and federal partners, and federal partners, along with a range of local, state, Department of Natural Resources, establish a "Calumet Area Ecological Management Strategy" as the framework to worked parcels within the Open Space and guidance for land managers to clean up their respective agencies, collaboration among government This strategy is the result of extensive Reserve. The partnership aims to revitalize the and environmental groups. residents, local museums, establishing the ecology, critical habitat, improving through preserving holistically, watershed includes the construction of a new Ford Motor Company manufacturing complex that will use Company Motor includes the construction of a new Ford to significantly innovations impact development and other low streamside buffers, grass roofs, Creek. like Indian runoff into local Calumet waters reduce stormwater of a 4,800 acre Calumet Open though the creation rehabilitation and preservation ecosystem Chicago Department of Environment, and Illinois Service, The U.S. Forest Space Reserve. phytoremediation, renewable energy, and low impact development, Chicago seeks to make impact development, and low energy, renewable phytoremediation, the Daley, Richard Mayor stated by As innovation. Calumet a national model of ecological environmental management is good for business Calumet project recognizes that "good environment." is good for the good industrial development This redevelopment and industry. with sustainable technologies redevelopment brownfields the largest wetland complexes in lower North America, teeming with native flora and fauna. with native North America, teeming complexes in lower the largest wetland industrial of heavy years also home to 120 due to its strategic location, the region was However, in need contaminated brownfields the remnants of which include thousands of acres of activity, of acres of open space that pro of cleanup, interspersed with thousands bird species. plant species and 200 700 over U.S. Forest Service — Unique Ecological Area Budding in Chicago, IL Ecological Area Budding in Chicago, Unique — U.S. Forest Service is the focus of a new region on Chicago's southeast side mile Calumet The 20-square City of Chicago, and the U.S. Department of the partnership, including the State of Illinois, economy that is rehabilitating both the region's among others, Service, Forest Agriculture's, once one of The Calumet area was projects. smart growth and ecology through innovative, For more information, contact: more information, For 52 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization For moreinformation,contact: aquatic insectsandfish. degraded, channelizedIndianCreekintoamorenatural,meanderingstreamthatcansupport region. TheU.S.Forest Service isalsoassistingChicagoandareaindustriestotransformthe tree plantingandurbanforestrytohelpremediatecontaminatedsoilsw Space Reserve arefocusedontheecologicalrestorationofsite, includingaprojecttouse management inthegreaterChicagoarea.TheU.S.Forest Service'scontributionsontheOpen Banks, asrequiredby law, annuallysetsasideatleasttenpercent of itsnetearningsfor including brownfields revitalizationprojects. Inaddition,eachofthe12Federal HomeLoan Home LoanBankstoinvest equityanddebtresources incommunityrevitalizationprojects, Home LoanBanksystem. Inrecentyears, theFHFBchangeditsregulationsto allow Federal commercial, andretaildevelopment. TheFederal HousingFinanceBoardregulates theFederal limited liabilitybasistofacilitatesitepreparationprior toconstructionoftheplannedhousing, of $2million,andupto$20 millionindebtinvestment intheRiverpoint West projectona partnership withtheIowa FinanceAuthority, hasproposedaninnovative equityinvestment may limitconstructiondensity, andobtaining nearly$20 millionto fundlandassemblage. from pastindustrialusesoftheRiverpoint West area,assessingthegeotechnicalconstraintsthat challenge hasentaileddeterminingthenatureandextent ofenvironmentalcontamination installed over theRaccoon River tolinkupwithwalking andbikingtrails. Theredevelopment park tocreaterecreationalopportunitiesforresidentsand visitors in Riverpoint West willmaximizeuseofthenaturalresourceamenitiesatanearby lakeand than $140millionandhelpdecreaseurbansprawl. Inaddition,thelandscapedopenspace Central BusinessDistrictisexpectedtoincreaseDesMoines'taxbasefrom$12millionmore area's 30 percentpoverty rate. Thesynergy between therevitalizationofRiverpoint West andthe Riverpoint West. Anestimated500 quality, livable wage jobswillbecreatedtohelpreducethe and condominiums450,000 squarefeetoflow-rise officeandretailspaceisplannedin be cleanedupandreturnedtoproductive use. Constructionofapproximately750 townhouses that willattractpotentialemployees. Aminimumof125acrescurrentlyidlepropertywill integration ofhousing,commercial,retail,andrecreationaldev and retaildevelopment. TheadjacentCentralBusinessDistrictwillbestrengthenedthoughthe tract oflandintoanvibranturbanvillagewithresidentialandcommercialuses exciting opportunitytotransformanunderutilized,environmentally-contaminatedindustrial enabling therevitalizationof300-acre Riverpoint West area. Bank system), alongwithotherfederalandstateagencies, theprivate sector, anddevelopers, is of DesMoinesandtheFederal HousingFinanceBoard(whichoversees theFederal HomeLoan losses intheareatotaledapproximately$120 million.However, apartnershipbetween theCity In 1993,theRiverpoint West areaofDesMoineswas devastated by amajorflood.Business Urban VillageinDesMoines,IA Federal HousingFinanceBoard — Financing aMixed-Use In afirst-of-itskindeffort,theFederal HomeLoanBankofDesMoines, working in Riverpoint West islocateddirectlysouthoftheCentralBusinessDistrict.Itoffersan www.fs.fed.us 202-205-8333 U.S. DepartmentofAgricultureForestService www.ci.chi.il.us/environment 312-774-7609 Chicago DepartmentofEnvironment

elopment inRiverpoint West . Apedestrianbridgewillbe

ater intheCalumet , includingofﬁce UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 53 ortﬁelds" ery low-income and ery low-income

0 acres of brownfield 0 acres of brownfield To assist the New Bedford assist the New To sites; increased sprawl; and related sites; increased sprawl; and poverty, high unemployment, high school dropout rates that impede harbor Moreover, economic vitality. contamination forced vital and wetland clam fisheries to close fish and lobster, in the 1970s. in rehabilitating Force Task Brownfields the coastal contamination and thereby revitalizing New Bedford's economy, coordinator brownfields a NOAA

Federal Housing Finance Board 202-408-2500 www.fhfb.gov/FHLB/FHLBPS_index.htm Des Moines Office of Economic Development Des Moines Office 515-237-135 www.dmoed.org/sites/river_west.html The New Bedford Brownfields Task Force has inventoried and prioritized its brownfield and prioritized its brownfield has inventoried Force Task The New Bedford Brownfields Bedford and its federal partners under the City's designation as one of three federal "P Bedford and its federal partners under the City's designation as one of three Demonstration Pilots. The City remediated already been rehabilitated and redeveloped. of the sites have Some sites. currently lives and works in the City. The NOAA brownfields coordinator assists with assessing brownfields The NOAA in the City. and works currently lives and sustainable use and safely remediating coastal contamination; promoting the compatible New and recreation and tourism facilities; facilitating port and industrial zones, of coastal areas, training; and worker Bedford's access to federal programs that fund economic redevelopment databases planning and implementing environmental restoration; and using decision-making New as the primary liaison between coordinator also serves The NOAA and mapping tools. Many of our nation's coastal areas suffer from contamination left behind by abandoned contamination left behind by of our nation's coastal areas suffer from Many Bedford, Massachusetts has partnered with New industrial sites along ports and harbors. Administration Oceanic and Atmospheric including the National federal and local agencies, coastal many by challenges shared redevelopment to meet the brownfield (NOAA), the City of New Bedford has suffered A former home to numerous industries, communities. including Superfund sites and 15 from the contamination of its coast, NOAA — Coasting to Brownfields Revitalization on the Revitalization Coasting to Brownfields — NOAA New Bedford Waterfront has deemed a priority. Subsequently, developers negotiate terms with member banks, which banks, negotiate terms with member developers Subsequently, has deemed a priority. Home Loan with its Federal financing. Des Moines' partnership more favorable provide may resources to effort to direct new funding is a pioneering Finance Authority Bank and the Iowa problems. old brownfields contact: For more information, Affordable Housing Program, which subsidizes the cost of housing for v housing cost of the subsidizes which Program, Housing Affordable a combined total In 2004, rental housing. and owner-occupied or moderate-income low- Through Community Programs. Affordable Housing for the available million is of $200 provide Loan Banks Home Federal of Credit, the and Letters Cash Advances Investment and for use in housing institution members to their financial terms on favorable financing Board Housing Financing the Federal which brownfields, projects on development community 54 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization existing infrastructureandtransportation,whilepreservingopenspaceprotectingnatural brownfield redevelopment asauniqueopportunitytorevitalizecoastalcommunitiesusing remediation andrestorationattheNewBedfordHarborSuperfundsite of near-shorehabitat. brownfields redevelopment toimprove publicaccesstothewaterfront andincreasethequality in private investment atthesesites. NewBedfordplanstocontinueitssuccessful effortsin New Bedfordhave ledtothecreationandretentionofover 1,100 jobsandnearly$80million development isunderway atthreeothers. Collectively, brownfields redevelopment effortsin brownfield sitethathadbeen vacant forover 60years. Threelotshave beendeveloped, and employs morethan400people. TheCityalsocreatedanindustrialsubdivisionona25acre and promotedredevelopment ofa72acrebrownfield siteforalocalcompany thatnow interest intheCDEs. the taxcreditswillthensell thetaxcreditstotaxableinvestors inexchangeforstockoracapital allocated annuallyby CDFIFthroughacompetitive applicationprocess. TheCDEsawarded equity investments indesignatedCommunityDevelopment Entities(CDEs).Tax creditsare program permitstaxpayers toreceive acreditagainstfederalincometaxesformakingqualified community development, includingactivitiessuchasbrownfield redevelopment. TheNMTC initiative designedtoinfuseinvestment capitalintolow-income communitiestosupport Treasury's CommunityDevelopment FinancialInstitutionsFund(CDFIF),isafederaltax The NewMarketsTax Credit(NMTC) program,aninitiative oftheU.S.Department Brownfield Redevelopment inCleveland,OH Department oftheTreasury — Federal NewMarketTax Credits for For moreinformation,contact: brownfields redevelopment. professionals withthetoolstoengagecommunitiesregardinglandandw brownfields redevelopment. NOAA's CoastalServicesCenterprovides coastalresource provides fundingtoandsponsorsworkshops forcoastalcitiestoassistsuchtheminplanning waterfront revitalizationactivities. NOAA's OfficeofEducationandSustainableDevelopment provides fundingtocoastalstatesforbrownfields redevelopment inconnectionwiththeir and redevelopment solutions. NOAA's OfficeofOceanandCoastalResource Management assessment, evaluation, andimplementationofcost-effective environmentalremediation restores contaminatedcoastalresourcesandhabitats, includingbrownfields, through brownfields redevelopment. NOAA's OfficeofResponse andRestoration protectsand transportation hubs, with an emphasisonthedevelopment ofenvironmentallysoundports. that promotestheredevelopment andreuseofbrownfields inandaroundports, harbors, and resources. Inaddition,NOAA iscurrentlyleadingthefederalinteragency"Portfields Initiative" NOAA hasbeeninvolved inNewBedfordsincethelate1980s, whenitpromoted Four NOAA officescurrentlyprovide assistancetocoastalcommunitiesworking on www.brownfields.noaa.gov/ 508-979-1707 National OceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationOfficeofResponse andRestoration Robert Neely www.ci.new-bedford.ma.us/ 508-979-1487 City ofNewBedford Scott Alfonse

. NOAA views ater issues, including

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 55 , as well as as , as well ying a signiﬁcant

Roz Ciulla Roz Markets, LLC Community Development New Key 216-689-4472 [email protected] U.S. Department of Treasury Community Development Financial Institutions Fund 202-622-8662 www.cdfifund.gov/ In an effort to expand the capacity and abilities of its work force and simultaneously In an effort to expand the capacity and abilities of its work In Cleveland, along the shores of Lake Erie, adjacent to the Edgewater Park Marina and Marina Park adjacent to the Edgewater along the shores of Lake Erie, In Cleveland, Key Community Development New Markets LLC, a subsidiary of Key Community The size of the credit is equal to 39 percent of the investors' qualified equity investments investments equity qualified investors' of the 39 percent equal to credit is of the The size relocation trend left behind abandoned buildings and contaminated properties in Lowell. and a high rate of unemployment job skills, low rapidly rising poverty, has partnered with the Lowell sites that dot its urban landscape, address the brownfield the Laborers-Associated General (UMASS Lowell), of Massachusetts at Lowell University NIEHS — Creates JOBS in Historic Lowell — NIEHS The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is pla helping to address the city's stagnant Massachusetts by role in the revitalization of Lowell, land through job training related to brownfields and lack of developable local economy of a high level enjoyed Lowell As the nation's first planned industrial city, redevelopment. I. The War manufacturing companies after World economic prosperity until the exit of several neighborhood style development to be called Battery Park. Marous is currently working with Marous is currently working Battery Park. to be called neighborhood style development Community Bank Key in negotiations with Marous is now to finalize the plans. the Ohio EPA The development for Battery Park. Credit Tax and hopes to solidify a New Market Development, this year. forward is slated to move For more information, contact: State Park, the Eveready Battery Plant sat vacant for years. Environmental investigations Environmental investigations for years. Battery Plant sat vacant the Eveready State Park, Eveready on the site. the soil and ground water concentrations of chemicals in found elevated not obtained a covenant and has of the site, action to plan a cleanup has taken voluntary in an became involved Ohio based Marous Development In 2003, to sue from Ohio EPA. residential units in a 330 Marous intends to build the site. effort to revitalize and redevelop presence. Key Community Development New Markets LLC estimates that it will target 70 percent of its activities to urban areas, 20 percent of its activities to rural communities, and percent of10 its activities to suburban locales. The organization is demonstrating the ability of the New Markets program to bridge financing gaps; create new partnerships between investors, communities, businesses, and government; and generate community revitalization through brownfield redevelopment. Development Corporation, in Cleveland, Ohio, is an example of a community development entity that is using its new market tax credit allocation to support brownfield redevelopment. Key Community Development New Markets LLC received $150 million through New Market CreditsTax in 2002. The organization is using a portion of the tax credit proceeds to support brownfield redevelopment activities in communities where KeyBank has a retail market in a qualified Community Development Entity and can be claimed over a seven year period. period. year a seven be claimed over Entity and can Community Development in a qualified for each of and six percent three years each of the first percent for five receives The investor to assist market tax credits from selling new can use the proceeds A CDE years. the next four amongst other community counseling, loans and financial providing by eligible businesses activities. development 56 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization For moreinformation,contact: and contribute to reviving the City's economy through brownfields redevelopment. Environmental JOBS produced qualified graduates who are prepared to enter Lowell's workforce academic performance, and safety, health, environmental remediation, and construction skills, over 90 graduates by the end of 2002 and a 90 percent job placement rate. Focused on improving environmental sampling and monitoring at hazardous level waste sites. The program produced The technician track provides students with the skill set to pursue entry-level positions in prepares students for entry-level positions such as hazardous waste, lead and asbestos removal. environmental remediation track, or an environmental technician track. The construction track Sites (JOBS).Theprogramisfundedat$390,000 annually. Environmental JOBS offers participants two employment tracks: a construction/ [email protected] 919-541-1863 National InstituteofEnvironmentalHealthSciences Sharon Beard [email protected] 978-970-4276 City ofLowell-DivisionPlanningandDevelopment Brian Connors

UMASS-Lowell andCoalitionfora program was apartnership between Better Acre. Akeycomponentofthe based organization,Coalitionfora (Laborers-AGC), andalocal community Contractors Education,Training Fund Environmental JusticeonBrownﬁelds job trainingprogramcalled that ﬁnancesanannualthree-month grant, administeredby UMASS Lowell, The partnershipreceived a NIEHS economically challenged neighborhood. Better Acre, servicingLowell's most

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 59 Successful Brownfields Projects Brownfields profiles of success are divided different into on used categories be of can that end approaches and use resources varying to the identify demonstrate to as the well as many sites, brownfield potential uses of types of sites. For more information on any of these projects, please contact the people listed at the end of each profile. more being created every year. These sites are waiting for the right combination of vision, commitment, vision, of combination right the for waiting are sites These year. every created being more which in areas the to vitality new bring that properties productive become again once to know-how and they are located. The following profiles are intended to help communities envision what that fenced, blighted lot on the These happen. project the make can that stakeholders and tools the identify and become, could corner After more than ten years of brownfields revitalization, communities can point to hundreds of examples of examples of hundreds to point can communities revitalization, brownfields of years ten than more After for their residents. projects that have successfully turned neighborhood blight into new opportunities Nevertheless, there are still thousands of brownfields in virtually every community in America, with 60 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Housing Projects million, themost difficultfundstoobtain, were accumulatedby the Cityover aperiodof remarkable achievement, was procurementoffunding.Remediation fundsof nearly$1.5 emergency actionandadditional funding. in thearea;and(3)unexpected conditions, suchasunderground storagetanks, thatrequired parties; (2)negative perceptionsofthepotentialforredevelopment andcommunityrebirth of barrierstoredevelopment including:(1)thecoordinationofacquiringlandfrom multiple recently awarded theCommunityImpactPhoenixAward. at MonumentCrossing.TheprojectispartofTrenton's sixsite, area-wideinitiative thatwas are 119 unitsofmoderate-incomehousingintheBattleMonumentarea,including84 tax lots, whichwere desertedfordecadesafterthesocialunrestin1960s. Today, there redevelopment oftheBattleMonumentAreatransformedabandoned,vacant andforeclosed situated withinanareatargetedforaffordablehomeownership inthecenterofTrenton. The stories, locatedinthehistoricBattleMonumentArea,isCrossingDevelopment, redevelop theminways thataddressvitalcommunityneeds. Oneoftheirmostrecentsuccess Since 1994,Trenton hasbeenworking notonlytocleanupbrownfield sites, butalsoto TRENTON, NJ:NeighborhoodRejuvenation onaMonumentalScale of recent liability protection provisions are absorbed by the market. sure to increase further as state voluntary cleanup programs become more established, and the impacts tax credits to help make these projects work. The interest in residential uses of brownfield properties is Many communities are beginning to seize this opportunity and use tools like federal low-income housing to developnewmixed-incomeandaffordablehousing. customers tosupportnearbyretailandcommercialrevitalization,aswellenhancingopportunities on brownfieldscanbeanexcellentantidotetosprawlingurbandevelopment,byattractingnew A The mostchallengingobstacle oftheBattleMonumentAreaproject,anditsmost Trenton's award winningBattleMonumentAreaprojectwas abletoovercome avariety that residentialsitesarecleanedtolevelssafeforhousinguse.Buildingunits residential purposes.Agrowingtoolboxoftechnologyandregulatorytoolscanensure cross thecountry, thereisanincreasinginterestincleaningupbrownfieldpropertiesfor All 84 units ofmoderate-income residential housing were soldpriorto completion.

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 61

led with very led to led to very

. These neighborhoods , as well as high rates as , as well o Superfund-caliber sites: the [email protected] J.R. Capasso Development Department of Housing and Economic 609-989-3501 In 1997, Harold Mitchell founded ReGenesis, a community-based environmental justice justice environmental community-based a ReGenesis, founded Mitchell Harold 1997, In During the 1990s, criminal activity around the IMC site alarmed nearby residents. While residents. criminal activity around the IMC site alarmed nearby During the 1990s, Trenton's Monument Crossing project is a shining example of how to restore brownfields to restore brownfields example of how Monument Crossing project is a shining Trenton's Monument Crossing reclaimed the investment-barren site through a public-private a public-private site through reclaimed the investment-barren Monument Crossing At Monument Crossing, residential development was conducted in three phases between between conducted in three phases was development Monument Crossing, residential At organization, to provide leadership and to represent neighborhood interests in an effort to assess assess to effort an in interests neighborhood represent to and leadership provide to organization, agency environmental state the and EPA the with worked ReGenesis sites. two the up clean and discussions, these During cleanup. for plan a create to and contamination, of levels assess to number of environmental contamination complaints about the IMC site had been fi number of environmental contamination complaints about the IMC site disco the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. This neighborhood-wide discussions of the health risks the site might pose had a history of high death rates from cancer and respiratory diseases so did of the hazards grew, As awareness and birth defects. miscarriages, of infant mortality, momentum to get the site cleaned up. Also located nearby are an operating chemical plant, an operating textile manufacturer, concrete are an operating chemical plant, an operating textile manufacturer, Also located nearby Because of a lack of and other commercial and industrial facilities. production businesses, residential housing zoning restrictions and few land use controls in the area, these sites are near share fence lines with homeowners. and, in some cases, that a resident Harold Mitchell discovered what could be done to combat crime, investigating SPARTANBURG COUNTY, SC: Neighborhood Partnership SC: Neighborhood Partnership COUNTY, SPARTANBURG Brings Revitalization an important neighborhoods tell Park the Arkwright and Forest Within Spartanburg County, They are adjacent to tw story of deterioration and revitalization. the Arkwright dump. former International Minerals and Chemicals (IMC) fertilizer plant and within the community. within the community. bringing together the right stakeholders assets by community and transform them into valuable housing in mind. and keeping the public's need for affordable For more information, contact: completion. The development incorporated a new street and attractive streetscapes. streetscapes. incorporated a new street and attractive completion. The development and a for-profit organization local community development a non-profit partnership between percent of less than 50 earning aimed at buyers was home development The town builder. square foot homes selling for with the 1100 County, the median income in surrounding Mercer newfound pride stability and renewed The result was an economical $60,000-70,000. permanent remedies to accommodate the planned residential sites. Major contaminants sites. to accommodate the planned residential permanent remedies and carcinogenic metals (lead, arsenic, and others) soil impacts by included site-wide storage tanks required assessment, underground Several hydrocarbons. polynuclear aromatic and remediation. investigation sold prior to were of moderate-income residential housing All 84 units 1998 and 2004. eight years, drawn from six state programs, three Federal programs, and three local sources. sources. local and three programs, Federal three programs, six state from drawn years, eight of vision, patience, the near decade and challenge, a major was cleanup funding Obtaining a less arduous construction phase made the ensuing to secure the funds and perseverance to protect crucial 7,762 tons of fill was and disposal of removal remediation by task. Active environmental or long-term of deed restrictions the burden and avoid future homeowners subsurface soils included and acres of surficial of the roughly ten Site remediation monitoring. 62 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization nearly $7.5millioningrantfundsforthecommunity, andinJuly2004, theSpartanburg for Spartanburg County, made up the partnership. (CEDD), and Mike Garrett, former city engineer for Spartanburg and current public works director Rush, director of Spartanburg County's Community and Economic Development Department core steering committee for the partnership. In addition to Mitchell representing ReGenesis, Elena partners — Spartanburg County and the City of Spartanburg — joinedultimately with ReGenesis led to the toformation form a of the ReGenesis Environmental Justice Partnership. Two local federal and state agencies, businesses and industry, universities, and other interested parties andto the revitalization efforts. Several public forums in 2000 brought together stakeholders from evolved, the organization continued to link other entities from the public and private sectors the idea of redeveloping Arkwright and Forest Park gained support. As the focus of ReGenesis International City/CountyManagement Association,Washington, D.C. Spartanburg County"publishedin theJune2004 issueofPublic Management(PM)magazine, publishedby the * Thisprofileisadaptedfrom"WhenEnvironmental JusticeHitstheLocalAgenda:AProfi For moreinformation,pleasecontact: into aneconomicreality. improved. Everyone standstobenefitifthevisionofReGenesis partnershipcanbeturned jobs created,moreinvestments madeinchildrenandchildren'seducation,housingquality ReGenesis partnership,theSpartanburgareahopesthatpercapitaincomecanberaised,new sites have beenassessedaspartofamajorredevelopment planforthearea.Through Department ofJusticetohelptacklecriminalactivityintheneighborhoods Stakeholders inthepartnershipalsohelpedsecure"weed-and-seed" fundingfromtheU.S. In thefirstthreemonthsofitsoperation,CHCstaffreportedtreatingnearly2,400patients only theresidentsofArkwrightandForest Park butalsothegreaterSpartanburgcommunity. establishment oftheReGenesis CommunityHealthCenter(CHC)in2003. TheCHCserves not institutionalizing theexpectationsofReGenesis, thecity, andthecounty." grants received. Hartmanncomments, "Essentially, we wanted to have aformalagreement Arkwright andForest Park, alsolimitingtheliabilityofeachorganizationtovalue ofthe understanding (MOU)thatdetailstherolesandresponsibilitiesofeachentityinrevitalizing assessed brownfield sites. In2002, thecity, county, andReGenesis signedamemorandum of businesses. Inaddition,267 ofthenewhousingunitswillbeconstructedononesixrecently and supportive services, andbusinessdevelopment forsmallandminorityconstruction leveraged resourceshasbeen committedforconstructionof501 newhousingunits, community improve housinginandaroundtheReGenesis ProjectArea.Anadditional$79millionin Housing Authority received morethan$20 millioninHOPEVIfundswhich will beusedto The partnershiphasbroughtconsiderableexternalfundingtothearea.Itgarnered In thefewshortyears sinceitsformation,thepartnershiphasachieved much,includingthe 864-595-5300 Spartanburg County Director, Community&EconomicDevelopment Department Elena Rush [email protected] 864-583-2712 ReGenesis Director Harold Mitchell [email protected] le ofSpartanburgand . Sixbrownfields . UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 63 ,

elopment on the Fortunately, Potterhill Potterhill Fortunately, as able to turn this criteria and ranged in price to $160,000. from $100,000 developer, stepped in and developer, offered to install 52 one- and factory built homes two-story on the site which met the City's affordable housing access to transit services and access to transit services central just 5 miles from the the business district. However, project again stalled as local homebuilders contended that the homes could not be built at affordable prices. a local residential Homes, Bill Fischer City of Cincinnati Office of Community Development and Planning 513-352-6146 [email protected] The grand opening for the project's first phase was held in October 2002, featuring the first held in October 2002, The grand opening for the project's first phase was By utilizing factory-built housing for this project, Cincinnati w The resulting development, the Mills of Carthage, is the City's first housing development first housing development is the City's the Mills of Carthage, The resulting development, The City of Cincinnati spent $6 million to clean up the site and relocate the businesses spent $6 million to clean up the The City of Cincinnati housing dev then proposed a new affordable Cincinnati civic leaders brownfield property into a new residential neighborhood that meets Cincinnati's affordable brownfield price guidelines. For more information, contact: they fit with the area's existing architecture. they fit with the area's existing architecture. the comfort and amenities that factory-built homes can 15 units fully decorated to showcase is additional homes homes are already sold; construction of 30 afford. Nearly all of the first 30 underway. well developer's agreement to complete the project at its own expense. at its own agreement to complete the project developer's will be factory-built, mostly in Its 52 homes years. in the Carthage area in more than 40 for an urban setting of 40-foot-wide designed and ranch styles with a few Cape Cods, bungalow The spacious front porches. and streetscape, a pedestrian friendly lots with back-alley garages, to an architectural review committee to ensure that manufacturers also submitted their designs The City Council sold the property to Potterhill in April 2002 for one dollar, in exchange for the for one dollar, in April 2002 Potterhill The City Council sold the property to but the Cincinnati City Council rejected a proposal to spend an additional $6 million to build spend an additional $6 million to build City Council rejected a proposal to but the Cincinnati construction or turn to either finance the they sought a developer Instead, traditional homes. the site into a park. with easy ideally located The site was a critical need in the community. site to help address CINCINNATI, OH: From Factories to Factory-Built Housing Housing Factory-Built to Factories OH: From CINCINNATI, had Cincinnati, OH, of downtown miles north five of the Carthage neighborhood, Residents contamination potential environmental and inconvenience, noise, about the long complained their otherwise residential on a 14 acre site in manufacturers with the industrial associated and for residential uses the property City decided to rezone In 1998, the neighborhood. manufacturers. relocate the industrial 64 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Waterfront Redevelopment great lawn for gamesandconcerts, afestival plazaforspecialevents, anextremely popular year forconcerts, fireworks, festivals, andgeneralrecreationaluses. Theparkfeaturesabeautiful monitoring toensurethenatural attenuationofthecontaminants pump-and-treat-process with long-term spots were containedorsubjectedtoa where possible, lightlycontaminated were removed fromthe areaand, most seriouslycontaminatedsoils than 150 years ofindustrialuses. The contaminants leftbehindfrommore the newusesforarea. named Waterfront Park, were chosenas and anew55acreurbanpark,aptly Field, aminorleaguebaseballstadium, of a72-acreparcel.LouisvilleSlugger waterfront beginningwiththecleanup an efforttobeginreclaimingthe a public/private partnershiplaunched many advantages, andoneofthehighestprioritieswas toreclaimthewaterfront. Soonafter, accomplish thisgoal,thecommunitycameupwithaMasterPlanthatfocusedonCity's 5 city, andinsteadmakeLouisvillea24-hourcitywherepeoplecouldwork, play, and live. To the City'sfuture. Thecommunityrecommendedthatthecitybreakoutofmolda9-to- polluted withavast array ofcontaminants. highway. Inaddition tothevisualblight,bothsoilandgroundwater intheareawere "Goldfinger." Theareawas alsocutofffromtherestofdowntown by asixlaneelevated main claimtofamewas thatitwas usedforthecar-crushingsceneinJamesBondmovie and scrapyards alongtheOhioRiver earnedittheunflatteringmoniker, "JunkCity," andits Thirty years ago,Louisville'swaterfront was notoriouslyblighted.Theproliferationofjunk LOUISVILLE, KY: CommunityReclaims itsRiverfront significant economicbenefits. shopping anddiningareas,touristdestinations,recreationalotherusesthatgenerate C The Waterfront Park was dedicatedin1999andtoday over 1.25millionpeoplevisiteach The areawas marredby arangeof In 1990, theLouisvillecommunitylaunchedavisioningprocesstohelpchartcoursefor are nowconsideredideallocationsforparks,housing,sportsandentertainmentcomplexes, abandoned waterfrontareas.Oncethedomainoffactoriesandindustrialuses,waterfronts ommunities acrossAmericaarepartofamajortrendtoreclaimandrevitalizeidledor . UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 65

elopment of this integral Bonnie Biemer Louisville Development Authority 502-574-4140 [email protected] However, perhaps the greatest challenge was rezoning the site from heavy industrial use to the site from heavy rezoning perhaps the greatest challenge was However, There were several major challenges at the site. To prepare for redevelopment, grading, fill prepare for redevelopment, To major challenges at the site. several There were The 270-acre site included areas for log storage, dry kilns, on-site power, vehicle vehicle on-site power, dry kilns, included areas for log storage, site The 270-acre At their peak, the Brooks-Scanlon and Shevlin-Hixon sawmill operations ran around the sawmill their peak, the Brooks-Scanlon and Shevlin-Hixon At Louisville's waterfront project won the 2002 Phoenix Award Grand Prize for Excellence Grand Prize for Excellence Award Phoenix the 2002 project won Louisville's waterfront Together these waterfront redevelopment projects have generated millions of dollars in generated millions have projects redevelopment these waterfront Together recently completed Commission Redevelopment Louisville Waterfront Louisville and the Louisville Slugger Stadium opened in 2000 as the home to the Cincinnati Reds' Triple Triple Reds' to the Cincinnati as the home opened in 2000 Slugger Stadium Louisville the river bank. the river closely with City staff, the regional worked Developers mixed commercial and residential use. mixed- and community members to draft an innovative planning commission, City officials, removal actions followed from 1993 until 1996, when the site's developer signed a voluntary signed a voluntary from 1993 until 1996, when the site's developer actions followed removal a no-further-action cleanup agreement with DEQ to complete remediation. The State made determination for the site in 1999. restoration Riparian waste. and wood for up to 12 feet of sawdust necessary were and removal the boulders and large blocks of concrete that had been used to stabilize called for removing 1950s led to the gradual decline of the mills. The entire site was abandoned in 1994. The entire site was to the gradual decline of the mills. led 1950s treatment, charcoal manufacturing, and a wood petroleum storage tanks, maintenance, 1992, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) inspected railroad. In August improperly stored areas where hazardous substances were the facility and found several and Initial investigation or had been released into the ground, contaminating 180 acres. A scenic, historic site along the Deschutes River that formerly housed two of the world's largest of the world's that formerly housed two River A scenic, historic site along the Deschutes that is attracting mixed-use development has been transformed into a dynamic sawmills of Bend, Oregon. The redev tourists and new residents to the center vitality and a bright future to the center of Bend. part of the City's past has restored economic each. Dwindling timber supplies starting in the more than 2,000 workers clock and employed BEND, OR: Town Turns Abandoned Timber Mill into Turns BEND, OR: Town Destination New Waterfront "Junk City" image. For more information, contact: the park, including another, much larger, children's play area, a small cafe, a rowing facility a rowing area, a small cafe, play children's larger, much another, the park, including to A pedestrian connection and an amphitheater. groups, rowing for school and community for Phase III. railroad bridge is planned across the old Big Four Southern Indiana brownfields waterfront as a model for successful and serves Development in Brownfield face and has shaken the welcoming the city has a new, revitalization. More importantly, its first two years of operation. years its first two the buildings, of abandoned or under-utilized including the rehabilitation investment, private and new office space. housing opportunities, creation of new waterfront to phase added approximately 35 acres This second Park. on Phase II of the Waterfront work children's play area, and a sculpted linear park with picnic areas, groves of trees, walking and and walking of trees, groves areas, picnic park with linear a sculpted area, and play children's the Ohio River. and down up breathtaking views docking area, and a boat jogging paths, a historic is incorporated into The stadium Louisville Riverbats. the affiliate, A minor league The depot entrance. as the stadium's and serves back to the 1800s depot that dates rail freight visitors in attracted 668,000 seats 13,000 and The stadium space. and restaurant houses retail 66 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization planning andfinalbuild-out. helped maketheprojectfinanciallyviableforpotentiallylongperiodbetween initial large amountsofoffice, retail,andresidentialspace. Thisincremental,market-driven approach was especiallyimportantin asmallcityof50,000, wherethemarketmay take years toabsorb gave thedevelopers flexibilitytopaceandtailortheredevelopment tomarketdemand.This use riverfront zonethatwould allow fortheincrementalredevelopment ofthesite. Thezoning Quarter activities tofostereconomic development. preliminary duediligence, environmental,andeconomicdevelopment studies, andother organization tohelpleadand fundtheinitiative. Funds raisedby REDEEM,were usedfor minded citizensformedRevitalize andDevelop East Moline(REDEEM),anot-for-profit simultaneously develop theriverfront andassisttherevitalizationofdowntown. Community- East Molinepreparedaredevelopment andeconomicredevelopment strategythatwould eagles soarover thewaters fromthenewRiver Interpretive Centerthatwillopen in2005. wetlands were oncedescribedas"adeveloper's nightmare," schoolchildren willwatch bald ago dumptrucksrumbled,residentstoday watch theriver rollby fromprivate decks. Where their riverfront by transformingtheindustriallandfilltoresidentialuse. Wherenotlong public access. properties, andhopefullyattractotherdeveloper interestthatcouldintegratesomeelementsof The communitywas toldthetraditionalmodelwould betobuildcommercialonexisting The town was landlockedfromtheriver by thelegacyofgenerationsformerindustry. In the1990s, EastMoline, Illinoiswas aMississippiRiver town withoutapublic waterfront. EAST MOLINE,IL:SmallCityTransforms LandfilltoWaterfront Condos For MoreInformation,contact: by2020. 5,500 of total a employ eventually to expected are site the on Businesses professions. support technical and office service, food retail, in 1,700 people approximately employs It million. $19 of $1.25 million,andtheentiredevelopment willcostanestimated$400million. an estimated18years. Thepreviousowners andsitedeveloper sharedcleanupcoststotaling redevelopment, includingamultiplexcinemaand6,000-seatopen-airamphitheater, willtake This incremental, market-driven approach helpedmake A communityvision, Recognizing theneedforprofessionalcreativityandplanningtomaketheirvisionareality, This communityoflessthan25,000residentsignored "typical."Instead,theytookback sales gross had center retail/entertainment new the operation, of year first its During Ittookfouryears toclean upthesiteandnearlynineyears toredevelop it.The full the project financially viableforthepotentially long period between build-out. initialplanningandfinal vision was to create a 100-acre hourglass-shaped zone of mixed-use development along [email protected] 541-382-6691 River BendLimitedPartnership Mary Campbell The Quarter: A Brownfields Riverfront Redevelopment, emerged. The the Mississippi River. Studies have estimated at least $40 million in private sector investment could be generated over the life of tax increment financing. The public sector will have to contribute approximately $15 million. But where to begin? The most readily available riverfront property had been used for decades by an agricultural implement manufacturer to dispose of miscellaneous residues and fills. The resulting 10 to 15 feet of industrial fill produced chemical impacts in all areas of the initial 12 acres of the development fronting the river. In 1998 East Moline won its first EPA brownfields grant. From 1999 to 2000, Phase I, II and III environmental studies were conducted on an expedited basis for the proposed condominium areas using the EPA brownfields grant in combination with an Illinois brownfields redevelopment grant. Peripheral wetland areas deemed "problems" by early prospective builders were cleared of junk and debris and restored to habitat and wildlife preserves. Builders were identified to construct a series of $250,000 to $550,000 riverfront condominiums. During 2000 and 2001 remedial action plans and risk-based closures were obtained for riverfront Lots 3, 4 and 5 incorporating a groundwater ordinance as a land use and environmental control. Environmental assessment/remediation costs on reused areas were less than $200,000. These included innovative approaches reached through a consensus of stakeholders, state agencies and technical consultants. The cost savings were significant when compared to the initial $1.2 million "hog-and-haul" industry approach. East Moline's innovative approach incorporated significant elements of the remedy into construction. No further remediation letters were issued by the voluntary Illinois Site Remediation Program and supported builder lock-in of financing. In 2001, infrastructure and the first phase of condominium site preparation and construction was underway. Construction used lot-specific soil management plans to maintain land use controls. 2002 and 2003 saw additional Phase II and III environmental assessments under a supplemental EPA brownfield assessment demonstration grant for Lots 2 and 6. Construction was completed on the second phase of condominiums using soil management plans. In 2004, East Moline saw the public dock areas connected by water taxi to other Mississippi River communities in the area. The Quarter realized its vision as a "go to" destination for the community's 4th of July celebration. Now, evaluation for peripheral commercial interest and construction of a new welcome center continues. The long-term vision calls for a sports complex known as Gateway Park. Since 1999, the unsightly landfill has been transformed into private condominiums, private and public docks, a new bike and jogging path, new infrastructure with river access and restoration of wildlife and ecological habitat areas. This project already provides a source of living and entertainment accommodations that benefit the entire region.

For more information, contact: Richard Keehner, Jr. 309-752-1513 [email protected]

Tim Knanishu 309-765-2790 [email protected]

Dave Koch 800-595-4368 [email protected] 68 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Community parcels thathadbeenunder diverse ownership. Throughtelevisedmeetingsand coverage inthe mechanism foracquiringthe property, and facilitatingredevelopment by consolidatingthe working cooperatively with thepropertyowners. Thecondemnationprocess provided the measures tocondemntheproperty sothattheCitycouldobtainliabilityprotection while by naturalattenuationandmonitoredwithon-siteoff-sitemonitoringwells. was cappedby thenewroadways andparkinglots. Groundwater impactsarebeingremediated Wisconsin Petroleum EnvironmentalCleanupFundAct program,andthatportionofthesite The railyard alsohadalargeundergroundstoragetank(UST),whichwas removed throughthe the sitewithasphalt,gravel, andthebuildingslabtoeliminateexposurecontaminatedsoil. the WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources (WDNR)authorizedcappingthesurfaceof and railroaddebris. Noactive soilremediationwas necessary, because, given theproposeduse, Service Centersitein1997and1998.Thewas thenclearedofallexistingbuildings, refuse, departments. Theremaininglandwas usedforgreenspace. which isnow hometothecity'spublicutility, streetsandsanitation,water utility, and park its redevelopment project — the establishmentofa66,000-square-footCityServiceCenter, other debriswere foundintheupperthreefeetofsoil. hydrocarbons, andPCBs. Inalmostallareasoftheyard, metal,carparts, wood, plastic,and and groundwater were contaminatedwithpetroleumconstituents, lead,polycyclic aromatic rented thewarehouse andusedthepropertyasastagingrepairyard. warehouse, operatingascrapyard untilthe1990s. Inthe1990s, alocalearthmoving contractor were active thereuntilthe1950s, whenalocalscrapdealerleasedthepropertyandbuiltlarge state's largestrailyards, andrantheBaraboorailyard untilthe1930s. Switchingoperations activity inthe19thcentury. Inthe1870s, Chicago&Northwestern (C&NW)builtoneofthe The CityofBaraboo(population10,000) was acenterforsignificantcommercialandindustrial BARABOO, WI— City Turns OldRail Yard intoNewServiceCenter other importantcommunityfacilities. government buildings,healthclinics,communitycenters,seniorpublicworksfacilities,and governments acrossthenationhaveusedbrownfieldsassitesforfirestations,police use thesepropertiesasprimespotsforpublicfacilities.Asthefollowingexampleshighlight,local O The BarabooCityCouncilapproved many resolutionsrelatedtotheproject,including The CityofBarabooperformedPhaseIandIIenvironmental siteassessmentsontheCity Nearly 10 ofthesite's12acreswere contaminated.Baraboousedaboutsixacresfor Due tothelonghistoryofindustrialandrailactivitiesatsite locations, orinneighborhoodsthatlackbasiccommunitysocialfacilities,localitiescan is alocalgovernmentorcommunityfacility. Whenbrownfieldsaresituatedincentral ften, thebestuseofabrownfieldthatisowned(ormightbeacquired)bylocalgovernment Facilities , theproperty'ssoil UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 69

Because the City of Springfield was willing to to willing of Springfield was Because the City Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Street 101 S. Webster Box 7921 Madison, WI 53707-7921 608-275-3303 Mike Schmoller bear the risks and costs of cleanup at the site, the site, at of cleanup bear the risks and costs the project was started, and finished, in record time. and finished, in record started, was the project Through the innovative ideas and sustained commitment of the City staff and through ideas Through the innovative Prior to this project, the closest cancer treatment center was Ohio State's James Cancer treatment center was Prior to this project, the closest cancer In 2000, Baraboo received a $30,000 Wisconsin DNR Brownfield Site Assessment Grant Site Assessment Brownfield Wisconsin DNR a $30,000 received Baraboo In 2000, Cancer center brought urgently needed help to the Springfield Metropolitan area. Cancer center brought urgently needed help to the Springfield the cancer able to develop Springfield was and non-profit partnerships, strong public-private with The Community Hospital and Mercy Health Partners Noonan worked Developer center. but the plans stalled due to the tremendous potential to begin planning the project for the site, many people were affected. A survey estimated that 1 out of 100 people in the Springfield area estimated that 1 out of 100 affected. A survey were people many 2006. the year by out of a population of only 150,000, 1,500 or over will experience cancer, The Springfield day. the trip every some making to Columbus for care, traveling were Residents center. And, because the City of Springfield was willing to bear the risks and costs of cleanup at willing to bear And, because the City of Springfield was center. started, and finished, in record time. the project was the site, for those surely an inconvenience It was more than an hour away. located in Columbus, Center, just how not known it was done, sampling was in need of treatment, but until a population In 2002, a Springfield, OH real estate developer took notice of an old scrap yard in downtown in downtown an old scrap yard took notice of a Springfield, OH real estate developer In 2002, the lot In actuality, as an eyesore. and perceived Springfield, OH, long idled and forgotten, knew and the developer — green, community park a large, sat on a majestic bluff overlooking of pursuing the most typical, easiest, profit-driven instead However, prime. the spot was launched an idea that is now Noonan of Midland Properties, approach, Peter development a regional cancer treatment — of its citizens and many bringing new hope to the community SPRINGFIELD, OH — New Hope and New Cancer Center on Old Brownfield Old on Center Cancer New and Hope New — OH SPRINGFIELD, For more information contact: For more information the tax base and create jobs on brownfield sites, the City was able to obtain the grant due able to obtain the the City was sites, jobs on brownfield the tax base and create which, given — of the area to encourage cleanup and redevelopment to the project's ability positive Museum, had a significant the historic Circus World adjoining its location in town $4.2-million addition, the City Council passed a In tourism industry. impact on Baraboo's sector for private the way paving bond to construct the City Service Center, general obligation risk. investment minimizing the by around Circus World investment daily newspaper, the Council kept the public informed of its decisions with information about about information with of its decisions informed public kept the Council the newspaper, daily grant applications. and plans, site reuse project financing, brownfields a $250,000 City also received The removal. and debris for site demolition the commerce Although of Commerce. Department from the Wisconsin grant redevelopment that enhance projects grants for private-sector its brownfield normally reserves department 70 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization site toaclean,workable standard, atwhichpointitwould beturnedbackover tothehospitals demolition, siteplanning,andengineeringfornewconstruction.Thegoalw Program (VAP) MemorandumofAgreement(MOA) Track. TheHullteamalsocompleted begin work onsiteassessments, andremedialactivitiesthroughOhioEPA's Voluntary Action signed, Hull&Associates, Inc., aconsultingpartnertothecityfor9years, was broughtinto agreed totakechargeofthegrantapplicationsandbrownfield cleanup.Aftertheagreementwas fundraising. Thecitysignedaredevelopment agreementwiththehospitalpartnership,and to acquirethesite, andbecameresponsiblefortherisksofliability, cleanup,andbrownfields eager tomakeboththemedicalfacilityandcancercenterareality typical brownfield sitedeveloped intoamoreuniquesituation. costs andresponsibilitiesofanenvironmentalcleanup.Itwas atthispointthatso-far removed and transportedtoathermal treatmentfacility. was alsofoundduringexcavation. Morethan400tons ofpetroleum-contaminatedsoilwere hydraulic liftwere excavated andremoved inMarch 1999.Aconcreteundergroundgreasetrap tank (UST),a4000-gallonUST, a2000-gallon gasolineUST, 500-gallon keroseneUSTanda site assessments, whichfoundexcessively contaminatedsoil.Awaste oilundergroundstorage worked cooperatively tosee theprojectthroughitsremediationprocess. TheCitycarriedout entered intoaSouthwest DistrictBrownfields SiteRehabilitation Agreement(BRSA)and funds. TheFloridaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionandtheCityClearwater had beenlongvacant. Greenwood HealthResource centercomplex,onthe siteofaformergasstationandgaragethat time consistingoftwo refurbishedapartments. In2003, constructionbeganonthenewNorth and neighborhoodresidentfoundedtheNorthGreenwood HealthResource Center, atthe the CityofClearwater, theneighborhoodbegantoturnitselfaround.In1995,aretirednurse 1980s andcontinuingthroughthe1990s, ledby civicandcommunityleaderssupportedby of the20th century. Theneighborhoodbegan todeclineinthe1960s. Butbeginninginthelate Florida. TheareaisanAfrican-Americanenclave whosehistoryreachesbacktotheearliestyears The NorthGreenwood neighborhoodsitslessthanamilenorthofdowntown Clearwater, CLEARWATER, FL — From HealthRisktoServicesProvider For moreinformation,contact: throughout theirentirehealingprocess. treatment. Itisafullservicefacility, dedicatedtohelpingtheresidentsofSpringfield area and counselorsforpatientstheirfamilies. Thecenterprovides morethanjustmedical center onthegrounds, anAmericanCancerSocietyoffice, awigshop,self-imageconsulting, the siteandbuildcenter, butbecauseofwhatitoffers. Thereisacommunityresource partnership recognizedthesignificanceofthesearchitecturalinfluences. Richardson's andWright's stylesfeatureprominentlyinSpringfield'sdowntown area,andthe roofs, limestonefacadesandgrandarchways withFrankLloyd Wright's passionfornature. Both is analluringmixofarchitecturalstyles, combiningH.H.Richardson'spenchantforcopper patients onAugust 2,2004. Thecentercurrentlyhasfouroncologistsonstaff.building was dedicatedtotheoutcome, andtheSpringfieldRegional CancerCentertreateditsfirst and MidlandPropertiestobeginwork onthecancercenter. City ofSpringfieldofficialsgraspedthepossibleadvantages oftherelationship,andwere The brownfield propertywas purchasedby theCityofClearwater withstatebrownfields The Springfieldcancercenterisunique, notonlybecauseofthepathtakentorevitalize Openingthecenterby August 2004 was anidealistictimeframe, buteachpartyinvolved 937-324-7300 City ofSpringfield,OH Shannon Meadows . Sothecitysteppedin as togetthe UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 71

: During the redevelopment of this site as a senior center, an of this site as a senior center, : During the redevelopment Diane Hufford City of Clearwater (727) 562-4054 In addition, Trenton has redeveloped three other USTfield sites for community use: has redeveloped In addition, Trenton Funding from the EPA under its "USTfield Revitalization" initiative helped Trenton defray defray helped Trenton initiative under its "USTfield Revitalization" Funding from the EPA demolished. Construction of a new firehouse were buildings on the site of 2001, In the Fall In short, the Greenwood Community Health Center is a model clinic designed to assist Health Center is a model clinic designed Community In short, the Greenwood This project shows how public support of basic services can be done in a way which also services can be done in a way public support of basic how This project shows As part of the city's environmental justice plan, representatives of North Greenwood North Greenwood of plan, representatives justice city's environmental of the As part emergency removal, which otherwise could have significantly delayed the project until other until project the delayed significantly have could otherwise which removal, emergency which is providing to a new senior center, the site is converted obtained. Now funding was numerous services to the City's senior population. The West Ward Senior Center Ward West The gallon 550 two associated with an oil collection pit revealed environmental investigation on site ordered The state environmental manager working oil tanks. underground waste the cost of this funds covered USTfields Federal immediately. that the tanks be removed ◗ cleanup expenses and leverage state funding from the New Jersey Hazardous Discharge Site cleanup expenses and leverage at the site. Fund (HDSRF) for environmental investigation Remediation important to this neighborhood, which The firehouse was completed in 2002. began in was suffering from unacceptable emergency response times. until then was Trenton's West Ward, a primarily residential area along the Delaware River, the City purchased a a purchased City the River, Delaware the along area residential primarily a Ward, West Trenton's station, service auto and pizzeria, newspaper, local a of site the formerly property, acre 1.5 vacant the from removed were (USTs) tanks storage underground two Although redevelopment. for removed city The tanks. oil waste unexpected other two encountered City the site, station service any identify to site the investigated and leaks, by contaminated soil the up cleaned USTs, the site. the from removed were soil contaminated of tons 95 all, In contamination. residual TRENTON, NJ: City Recycles Abandoned Gas Stations Abandoned TRENTON, NJ: City Recycles to Meet Community Needs stations gas abandoned of locations prime the of advantage taken has Trenton of City The In neighborhoods. underserved in amenities community and facilities public new create to For more information contact: funds paid for construction of the new facility. The State also provides support for the clinic's support The State also provides of the new facility. funds paid for construction operating costs. adequate health care screenings and area in obtaining income residents in the Clearwater low can enhance a of a former brownfields revitalization education. It is a vital example of how economic value. that extends far beyond community in a way allows communities to meet important brownfield cleanup and revitalization objectives. In cleanup and revitalization objectives. brownfield communities to meet important allows who recommended that City and visionary a community voice it was North Greenwood, Center Health Resource Community gas station site to the Greenwood officials lease the former the cleanup for pay to help $200,000 The State of Florida provided years. for 30 for $1 a year in state $320,000 of contaminated soil. Another tanks and removal of underground storage participated in redevelopment planning and voted unanimously for the city to lease the for the city to lease unanimously and voted planning in redevelopment participated Greenwood broken for the was ground 2000, On March 18, to the nonprofit clinic. property has a new neighborhood Greenwood the North Now, Center. Health Resource Community and counseling flu shots, tests and screenings, physicals, offering immunizations, health facility of the neighborhood to residents 72 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ ◗ For moreinformation,contact: Trenton hasgoneoutofitsway todoeverything possibletoensurethatcleanupiscomplete. improved themarketabilityandtransformationprospectsfortargetsites. TheCityof neighborhood was alsothe centerofcivilrightsriotingintheCity1960s. During from BattleMonumentPark, ahistoricsitecommemoratingtheBattleofTrenton. This a newaffordablehousingdevelopment (builtonaformerbrownfield), andacrossthestreet future. ItissituatedneartheDelaware andRaritan CanalwhichrunsthroughTrenton, near Canal Plaza the USTfieldsiteintoaparkinglottosupportneighborhoodbusinesses. school, andimprovements totheneighborhoodpark.Anearby siteowner isredeveloping part oftheCity'slargerredevelopment plansfortheareathatincludesnewhousing,a waste oildrumswere removed fromthesmall2,000squarefootsite. Thecleanupwas a Luther KingBoulevard. Over 1,000tonsofcontaminatedsoil,five USTs, andtwo buried environmental justiceconcernsinalow incomeneighborhoodalongTrenton's Martin Martin Luther KingBoulevard rate housingconstructedinTrenton inyears —as well ascommunityopenspace. has beenredeveloped by afaith-baseddeveloper intomarketratehousing — the firstmarket uncovered. Thetankand150 tonsofcontaminatedsoilhave sincebeenremoved. Thesite an environmentalinvestigation oftheproperty, anunexpected,1,000gallonUSTwas In eachofthesefourcases, aggressive cleanupaction,suchastankandsoilremoval, have [email protected] 609-989-3501 City ofTrenton JR Capasso : Thisvacant lotisaformer dairyandimportantpartoftheCity'spast : Thissitewas anoldcorner gasstationthatraised UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 73 Facilities Recreational BASF continued to operate various chemical continued to operate various BASF consolidated under the BASF Corporation in 1969. 1969. in Corporation BASF the under consolidated until 1980, when it began facilities in Wyandotte of One phasing out and consolidating its factories. site, the South Works the sites it sought to close was While the an 84-acre property along the Detroit River. to potential attractive location and size of the site were a century of chemical manufacturing left development, contaminated with mercury, the soil and groundwater and chlorinated hydrocarbons. polynuclear aromatics, the Based on a review of the contamination at the site, State of Michigan initially recommended that the site

elds as great places to locate new recreation begun to look at brownﬁelds as great places any communities have residents are asking for more livable communities. Nationwide, facilities and help create of real estate the cost of acquiring large tracts space. However, more and more recreation

Together BASF and the community decided to dedicate the site to recreational uses. The and the community decided to dedicate the site to recreational uses. BASF Together Meanwhile, the City of Wyandotte was seeking to reclaim public access to the riverfront access to the riverfront seeking to reclaim public was the City of Wyandotte Meanwhile, Wyandotte's location along the Detroit River just north of Lake Erie and on top of one one of top on and Erie Lake of north just River Detroit the along location Wyandotte's plan for turning the site into a recreational area. requirement that the site be paved over, the State, City, and BASF chartered a course for a and BASF City, the State, over, requirement that the site be paved meet the community's needs. of the site that would redevelopment thirds park and the southern two become a riverfront northern third of the property would leased the site to the city for one dollar per BASF turned into a links style golf course. be would a design $25,000 to develop the Michigan Coastal Management Program provided and year be capped and that future development be prohibited. be capped and that future development site as an integral component of of the South Works the potential redevelopment and saw a plan to develop with BASF able to convince the State to work that effort. City officials were the By removing reuse of the site. and allowing migration of the groundwater for preventing course. The project has helped the community reclaim its riverfront and spur revitalization in its riverfront The project has helped the community reclaim course. the surrounding area. industrial heavy for location prime a it made salt underground of veins largest Michigan's of like products chemical manufactured have companies various 1800s, late the Since development. were companies these of Many bicarbonate. sodium and ice, dry cement, chlorine, soda, caustic WYANDOTTE, MI: From Chemical Wasteland to Fore! on the Shore to Fore! on the Chemical Wasteland MI: From WYANDOTTE, Michigan to in Wyandotte, closely with state and local officials industry worked Private park and golf land into a waterfront contaminated industrial transform 84 acres of vacant, M to many local governments. Cleaning up abandoned or to accommodate such uses can be prohibitive be a cheaper alternative than acquiring sites on the urban fringe underutilized industrial areas can often more people. and these sites are often more accessible to — for recreational uses 74 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization to keepitingoodenvironmentalhealth.TheCityanditspartnersha funds, user fees cover the ongoing operation and maintenance of the golf course. economic growth in the area. While the entire project cost approximately $5.2 million in public redevelopment is linked to the broader revitalization of Wyandotte, sparking other projects walkwayand and observation decks, picnic areas, jogging trails, and a rowing club. The site's contributed $4.5millionfromitstaxincrementfinancing program. million, DNRprovided $1.5 millioninstaterecreationgrants, andtheCityofWyandotte pleasing thanbreakwalls or steelsheetpiling.To completetheproject,BASF contributed$2 habitat throughsoftengineeringtechniques, whicharelessexpensive andmoreaesthetically had causedsome contaminationofthegroundwater, and was asignificantcommunity eyesore. site throughtheNorthCarolina Brownfields program. Thesitehadbeenidlefortwenty years, County. However, CFYSAlearnedoftheavailability of the65acreformerFlemingtonLandfill expensive tractwas more than $5,000peracreandwas locatedinthenorthernendof Hanover County, landpriceswere exorbitantandsiteswere notcentrallylocated.Theleast and thefieldswere oftenoverused andindisrepair. and recreationdepartment.CFYSAhadtocompetefor field spacewithotherworthwhile uses play onfieldsspreadthroughoutHanover Countythatwere sharedwithschoolsandtheparks kids onmorethan200 teams. Asaresult,adequatefieldspacebecamemajorissue. Teams soccer park. soccer. Theirsearchendedwiththepurchaseofaformerlandfill thatwillbecomearegional sought roomtobuildsoccerfieldsaccommodatethecommunity'ssurginginterest inyouth The CapeFear Youth SoccerAssociation(CFYSA) inWilmington,NorthCarolinarecently WILMINGTON, NC:BuildingaSoccerFieldofDreamsonLandfill For moreinformation,contact: the potentiallynegative environmentalimpactsofgolfcourses. is apartnershipbetween theState, MichiganStateUniversity, and golfcourseowners toreduce the MichiganTurfgrass EnvironmentalStewardship Program(MTESP)sealofapproval. MTESP hazardous materialsonthegolfcourse. Asaresultofthiseffort,Wyandotte Shoreshasreceived to prevent potentialthreats tonaturalresourcesfromtheuseofpesticides, fertilizers, fuel,and More importantly, thecommunityhasreclaimedaportionofitswaterfront andislooking Now complete, the Wyandotte Shores Golf Course property includes a park with a riverfront Preparing thesitefornewuserequiredstabilizingshorelineandenhancingwildlife Due tothescarcityofremaining largetractsofopenspacesuitableforathleticfi Over thelastdecade, CFYSA saw participationincrease from800kidson46teamsto4,000 Now complete, the Wyandotte Shores Golf Course 734-324-4541 City ofWyandotte Joseph M.Voszatka walkway and observation decks, picnic areas, property includes a park with a riverfront jogging trails, and a rowing club. ve adoptedanactionplan

elds in

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 75 , first Jim Braswell Soccer Association Cape Fear Youth 910-392-0306 Frank Braxton Frank Landscape Architect 910-254 9333 CFYSA will begin construction and remediation in 2004/05 and expects to begin play in 2005. in play begin to expects and 2004/05 in remediation and construction begin will CFYSA State Representative Danny McComas, the primary sponsor of the state of North When fully developed, the Cape Fear Soccerplex will contain 14 competition fields, an fields, Soccerplex will contain 14 competition Cape Fear the When fully developed, When CFYSA first considered the Flemington site, it had the typical concerns and and concerns typical the had it site, Flemington the considered first CFYSA When environmentalists, regulatory authorities and business." In other words, this project was a big score, and a win-win for all involved. For more information, contact: aid facility, picnic shelters, playgrounds, parking for 800 vehicles, and a 1.5 mile jogging trail. and a 1.5 mile jogging parking for 800 vehicles, playgrounds, picnic shelters, aid facility, local officials anticipate a $4-7 and year host tournaments throughout the The Soccerplex will per tournament. the local economy impact on million positive Carolina's Brownfields legislation said, "This shows what can happen when common- sense legislation is enacted. This project is a result of a collaborative effort between the years by state and local agencies, and the North Carolina Brownfields program alleviated their their alleviated program Brownfields Carolina North the and agencies, local and state by years the Environment of Department state the with closely worked has CFYSA the addition, In concerns. and capped are contaminants landfill any that ensure to plan a develop to Resources Natural and groundwater. the or health human to danger no pose they so isolated maintenance facility for the CFYSA, a concession building, office/conference building The site was significantly cheaper than other available properties ($400 per acre). It is ideally acre). It is per ($400 properties available than other cheaper significantly was The site to major transportation access with easy riverfront the City of Wilmington's located near there are no usable because percent was in the area, 100 much of the land and, unlike corridors, on site. wetlands over conducted soil the of tests significant However, soil. the of contamination about reservations 76 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Sports StadiumsSports creating 700 newjobs. a tremendouseconomicsuccess, attractinghundreds of thousandsvisitorseachyear and form theRegional Sports andEntertainmentComplexatHarborYard. Theprojecthasbeen the Fairfield University Stags men'sandwomen's basketball teams. Together thetwo venues professional hockeyteam(a minorleagueaffiliateoftheNHL'sNewYork Islanders)and 10,000 seatmulti-purposeevent arena.ThearenaishometotheBridgeportSoundTigers million ArenaatHarborYard was builtnext doortothebaseballstadiumandserves asa League's BridgeportBluefish,anindooriceskatingrink,arena,andamuseum. The$53 complex, whichincludesabeautifulnew5,500 seatbaseballparkfortheindependent Atlantic Corporation tocleanupandredevelop thesite. an additional$2millionfromtheStateofConnecticut and$11 millionfromtheZurichRe the extentofcontaminationatsite. Thatinitialinvestment allowed thecity toleverage emphasis onbringingbusinessbackintotheCity'scentral businessdistrict. ballpark andmunicipalarena,supportedby anewIntermodalTransportation Center, withan a multi-facetedplantofillnicheintheregionalmarket.Theincludedminorleague five minutewalk were trains, Interstate95,thebusterminalandferry. Bridgeportdeveloped the potentialtobecomearegionalattraction,dueitsproximitytransportation.Within 50 percentofitsmanufacturingbase. site thatwas burdenedwithindustrialcontamination.Theclosurewas partofacitywideloss industries inthe1980s, JenkinsValve closeditsdoorsandleftbehindanabandoned18acre world's largestmanufacturersofindustrialvalves. However, likemany ofthenortheast'sleading downtown area. ballpark andmunicipalarenathatissparkingtherevitalizationofCity'sw on theInterstate95overpass. Thesitehassincebeenredeveloped withanewminorleague "welcomed" visitorsarrivingontheCity'sferry, attheCity'strainterminal,andincarstraveling The JenkinsValve propertywas adecaying eyesore locatedattheCity's maingateway that In 1990, theformerJenkinsValve sitewas aprominentsymbol of Bridgeport's economicdecay. BRIDGEPORT, CT: From BrownfieldsTo Ballparks small citiesastheseprofilesofBridgeport,CT; andDallas,TXdemonstrate. Fontana,CA; revitalization ofsurroundingbrownfields.Thishasproventobeasuccessfulstrategyforbothlargeand M Today, visitorstoBridgeportaretrulywelcomed by thestate-of-the-artHarborYard sports In 1994,theCityuseda$200,000 EPA brownfield pilotassessmentgranttoevaluate Located atthenexusoftransportationhubsouthernFairfield County, thissitehad The JenkinsValve Corporationwas oneofBridgeport'slargestemployers andoneofthe and potentiallycontaminatedsites,butalsoadominoeffectofstimulatingthecleanup revitalization. Theseprojectsoftenleadnotonlytothecleanupoflarge,formerlyabandoned any communitieshaveusednewsportsstadiumstoactasacatalystforcommunity aterfront and UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 77 , as

the revitalization of brownfields. the revitalization revival and its commitment to investing in investing commitment to and its revival Once a symbol of the City's decay, today the today decay, of the City's Once a symbol [email protected] Steve Tyliszczak Economic Development Office of Planning and 203-576-7221 former Jenkins Valve site is a symbol of Bridgeport's is a symbol site former Jenkins Valve Under the provisions of a 1994 law, Kaiser applied to the State to have a single lead agency to the State to have applied Kaiser of a 1994 law, Under the provisions To help encourage redevelopment of the site, California enacted legislation in 1992 to waive waive to 1992 in legislation enacted California site, the of redevelopment encourage help To The Kaiser Steel Mill began operations in 1941 and was critical to the U.S. war effort in effort war critical to the U.S. and was Steel Mill began operations in 1941 The Kaiser Once a symbol of the City's decay, today the former Jenkins Valve site is a symbol of site is a symbol the former Jenkins Valve today decay, of the City's Once a symbol The City's success with the Jenkins Valve site has also acted as a catalyst for the cleanup for the cleanup catalyst as a also acted site has Valve the Jenkins with success The City's its transportation while utilizing development expand business is poised to further The City the site, secure government approval, and turn over 475 acres of the site to Penske in exchange exchange in Penske to site the of acres 475 over turn and approval, government secure site, the stock. Penske's of percent 12 and expertise, operation financing, for the remediation, oversaw The California DTSC the cleanup of the site. designated to oversee environmental investigation and remediation. environmental investigation into entered they provided cleanup, and removal for financing provided who anyone for liability later, year A actions. cleanup and removal all conduct to state the with agreement enforceable an required which speedway, tri-oval mile, two a for site the in interested became Inc., Penske, Roger up clean would Kaiser which in plan a developed Penske and Kaiser 1994, In acres. 500 about in 1983, it left behind an 880 acre brownfield with a variety of contaminants produced by steel of contaminants produced by with a variety in 1983, it left behind an 880 acre brownfield of the site production, ore processing, and coke manufacturing. The size and complexity for deterred redevelopment purchasers, liability relief for prospective absence of any as the well Corporation entered into the Kaiser bankruptcy, as it emerged from Nevertheless, years. many former steel mill a consent agreement with the state of California to assess and clean up the for the of the steel mill could be used to pay that redevelopment believed The company site. FONTANA, CA:Speedy Cleanup California Speedway Created by FONTANA, was California, miles east of Los Angeles in Fontana, located 50 Steel Mill site, The Kaiser a strong business partnership through the efforts of speedway transformed into a world-class Substances Control (DTSC). of Toxic and the cooperation of California's Department bankrupt went when the company However, six days. ship every WWII, turning out a new naval stores are becoming housing for artists, and will help to support the emerging restaurants and and will help to support housing for artists, stores are becoming and Cabaret Theatres. restored Playhouse as supporting the newly as well stores, of brownfields. in the revitalization commitment to investing and its Bridgeport's revival contact: For more information, and redevelopment of additional brownfield sites and led to partnerships with multiple federal with multiple sites and led to partnerships of additional brownfield and redevelopment include area will eventually waterfront The waterfront. help revitalize Bridgeport's agencies to the complex. shops in and around and retail related restaurants department downtown The City's older congestion. highway to reduce local infrastructure 78 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization State andKaiser continue to work togethertocleanupandredevelop theremainder ofthe transform thislarge, contaminatedpropertyintoaneconomicengineforthecommunity. The and airport terminal — was underway within a five-mile radius of the speedway. site. By 1996, more than $1 billion in construction — including a retail mall, convention center activity each year. It is also helping to revitalize the area surrounding this formerly contaminated generates $2.5 million in annual tax revenue, and is responsible for $125 million in economic NASCAR Winston West Series, and CART FedEx Championship Series. It employs 1,200 people, and currently plays host to six major touring series, including the NASCAR Winston Cup Series, needed topreparethesiteforreuseinjustfive months. provided oversight, andstreamlinedtheapproval process, committingtheresourcesandstaff environmental concernsontheportionof thesitewherearenaw as theindividuallandowners, includingTexas Utilities. downtown Dallas. Perot andHicksnegotiatedapublicprivate partnershipwiththeCityaswell ideally locatedbrownfield andtheopportunitytoreshape thequalityoflifeandlandscape did notdeterdevelopers Ross Perot, Jr. andTom Hicks. Theyrecognizedthepotential ofthis hydrocarbon impactedmedia. former railyard maintenancefacilityandturntable/switchingarea,whichresulted inpetroleum included petroleumproductstorageanddelivery facilitiesandcoolingwater reservoirs and that beganoperatinginthelate1800s. Operationsandfacilitiesatthepower generatingplant American AirlinesCenterlocatedonaportionofanoldelectricpo central businessdistrict. become oneofthecountry'smostsuccessfulcleanupstoriesandhashelpedrevitalizeDallas's Center isthecenterpieceofVictoryProject,a72-acrebrownfield redevelopment thathas The homeoftheNBA's DallasMavericks andtheNHL'sDallasStars, theAmericanAirlines DALLAS, TX: American Airlines Center is Big Brownfields Victory for Big D For moreinformation,contact: former steelmillsite. By working together, federal,state, andlocalofficialsbusinessleaderswere ableto The California Speedway hosted its first NASCAR Winston Cup Series Race in June, 1997 Extensive environmentalinvestigation was conducted toidentifyanddelineate Although acenturyofindustrialusehadleftbehindenvironmental concerns The VictoryDevelopment islocatedonaformerindustrialareawiththecenterpiece 714-484-5300 Department ofToxic SubstancesControl Southern CaliforniaCleanupOperationsBranch with industrialandmunicipalsolid included: (1)historicfillingofthearea soil. Otherenvironmentalconcerns solvent, metals, andasbestosimpacted years resultedinpetroleumhydrocarbon, towers. Maintenanceactivitiesover the impacted constructiondebris;and(4)a grain elevator, which resultedinpesticide affected soilandgroundwater; (3)a resulted inpetroleumhydrocarbon petroleum storagetanksites, which (PAH) impactedmaterial;(2)leaking polynuclear aromatichydrocarbon waste, whichresultedinmetalsand

— Cypress wer generatingplantsite as tobebuilt, theformer , theseissues UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 79 , once in operation, , once in operation, Ann Grimes Department of Development Services Economic Development Division 214-670-3056 [email protected]. The City of Dallas was designated as an EPA Brownfield Showcase Community in 1998. Community Showcase Brownfield as an EPA designated was The City of Dallas This project changed the face of downtown and serves as the venue for the adjoining as the venue and serves the face of downtown This project changed For more information, contact: Dallas Victory Hotel and 70 condominiums. Proposed future mixed use development includes Proposed future mixed use development condominiums. and 70 Dallas Victory Hotel commercial. retail, residential and is the quintessential example of Airlines Center, "The Victory Project, including the American Grimes from the said Ann partnerships," — program is all about Showcase what the Brownfields Department. City of Dallas Economic Development improvements in order to leverage the $425 million invested by the owners. The cleanup and The the owners. by million invested the $425 in order to leverage improvements Airlines Center created 2,400 jobs and the American construction activities permanent jobs. 550 created approximately of the underground with the construction began in March 2004 which Victory Development will house the long anticipated which tower, 31-story million, the $100 parking structure for cooling ponds for the electric power generating plant. Environmental concerns included included concerns Environmental plant. generating power for the electric ponds cooling asbestos- pesticides, track ballast, materials and railroad in fill metals concentrations elevated the million cleanup, After a $12 in groundwater. materials and hydrocarbons containing was venue and entertainment indoor sports a 840,00 square-foot, Airlines Center, American a successful was The project with an Eagles concert. 28, 2001 and opened July constructed infrastructure $125 million for provided the City of Dallas in which partnership public private 80 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Educational andCultural Institutions the project.However, because thatarrangementwould violatethe1935PublicUtility Holding developer supplyingthecapitalandexpertise, with bothcompaniessharingtheprofitsfrom 1995. Theoriginaljointventure agreementinvolved GPUEnergyproviding the landandthe Protection tocleanupthesite undertheState'snewLandRecycling Program, establishedin and culturalcomplexbegan working withthePennsylvania Department of Environmental remediation. regulations, whichfoundthatredevelopment couldoffsetthecostsofdemolitionand realty groupperformedacomprehensive study, includingmarketresearchanddevelopment and marketingstrategyforstimulatingeconomicdevelopment alongthewaterfront. The study withNorthAmericanRealty Advisory ServicesofNewYork Citytocreateareuseplan and soughttousethesiteasacatalyst forwaterfront revitalization.GPUconductedajoint up andredevelop thesite. decided towork withlocal,state, andfederalagenciesinapublicprivate partnershiptoclean for waterfront revitalization,tocreatejobsandactasacatalyst foreconomicgrowth. GPU believed thatthepicturesquewaterfront locationneardowntown couldbecomethecenterpiece idle would hinderanalreadyunderusedwaterfront andstagnantlocaleconomy. Thecompany site onErie'swaterfront, thecommunityandGPUEnergywere concernedthatlettingthesitesit was zonedindustrialithadlimitedmarketvalue. Asthelargestprivately owned, undeveloped metals, andpetroleumfromanoilspill. left behindavariety ofenvironmentalcontaminants, includingunburnedcoal,asbestos, heavy smokestack, fueltanks, ashdewatering ponds, andotherrelatedfacilities. Eightdecadesofuse scheduled tobedecommissioned.Thesiteincludedapower plant,electricsubstation,120 foot and residentialfacilities. includes apubliclibrary, civicauditorium,andmarina,withplansforahoteloffice, retail, views ofLakeErie'sPresqueIsleBay, thelargestshelteredbay ontheGreatLakes, andalso state's firstnewmuseumtoopeninover two decades. Thewaterfront siteprovides breathtaking and northwest Pennsylvania forover 80years isnow hometotheErieMaritimeMuseum, The contaminatedformersiteofacoalfiredpower plantthatsuppliedpower todowntown Erie Museum &Revitalization ERIE, PA: FormerPower PlantSiteFuelsWaterfront M In 1991, GPUEnergyagreedtodonateaportionofitsproperty foramaritimemuseum The ErieEconomicDevelopment Departmentalsorecognizedthelocation'spotential GPU Energybegansearchingforalternative usesforthesite's11 acres, butbecausetheland GPU Energy'sfrontstreetstationreachedtheendofitseconomicviabilityin1989andw provide enrichingnewopportunitiesforresidents. on formerbrownfieldsites.Thefacilitiesprovideeconomicbenefits,attracttourists,and any communitieshavefoundsuccessbybuildingnewculturalandeducationalattractions

as UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 81 estern . ying over 4,000 people ying over GPU Energy 610-921-6903 [email protected] Monica Brower Greater Erie Industrial Development Corporation 814-899-6022 [email protected] Charles Mowbray Over the past two decades, researchers have shown that almost all species that have that almost all species that have shown researchers have decades, past two the Over the years, fifty-five abandoned textile mill. For an by the French Creek flows Near Meadville, The 92,000 square foot library attracts 4,000 visitors per day. The old turbine building was was The old turbine building 4,000 visitors per day. The 92,000 square foot library attracts The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers undertook the most extensive construction work, work, construction undertook the most extensive Corps of Engineers The U.S. Army Demolition and cleanup ensued from 1991 to 1993, and construction and development development construction and to 1993, and from 1991 and cleanup ensued Demolition site was home to a variety of synthetic textile manufacturers. The American Viscose Corporation textile manufacturers. of synthetic to a variety home site was and sold the property to FMC in 1963. The acres of the site for thirty years operated on 305 FMC operation became the largest industrial facility in the area, emplo production. The most recent for electric and steam power and burning 400 tons of coal a day purchased the site in 1972 and closed its doors in 1985. Synthetic Fibers, Avtex site operator, sized stream in all of Pennsylvania, and possibly the entire northeastern United States. and possibly the entire northeastern United States. sized stream in all of Pennsylvania, French basin are still flourishing in French Creek. Thus, in the Ohio River historically thrived of northw Creek remains vitally important to the ecological and environmental quality quality and biodiversity. high water for its unique Pennsylvania MEADVILLE, PA: Old Textile Mill Becomes Outdoor Learning Center Old Textile PA: MEADVILLE, about 40 miles from the Ohio border and Lake Pennsylvania, area in Northwest A watershed French Creek, a 117 in Pennsylvania. waterway Erie is arguably the most ecologically significant other comparably mussels than any mile stream, contains more species of fish and freshwater For more information, contact: fought in the Battle of Lake Erie in the War of 1812. The 8.5 acre Liberty Park offers walking and walking offers Park The 8.5 acre Liberty of 1812. War fought in the Battle of Lake Erie in the of Presque Isle. all with views seat dockside amphitheater, and a 150 playgrounds, biking trails, and infrastructure $95 million in highway the site has spurred In addition to these amenities, new has generated 500 in the area. The redevelopment as other growth as well improvements, are Plans continues. effort revitalization waterfront the as expected more with jobs, construction condominiums. restaurant, and waterfront center, for a convention underway a new shore line, and excavating the berthing area itself. Once the physical structure of the Once the physical the berthing area itself. and excavating a new shore line, to fill the the water breached, allowing was remaining retaining wall built, the berthing area was structures damaging the new library and museum berthing area without that vividly illustrates the region's rich heritage and is transformed into a Maritime Museum official flagship which replica of Pennsylvania's home to the U.S. Brig Niagara, an authentic concentrations of BTEX and other petroleum constituents. Although the grain elevator site was site was grain elevator Although the other petroleum constituents. and BTEX concentrations of limited on controls physical that determined assessment risk a metals, heavy with contaminated without extensive protect human health and the environment would areas of the property or remediation. excavation area, stabilizing entrance to the berthing depth to allow to an acceptable dredging the bay Company Act (PUHCA), GPU sold portions of the property to the developer to offset the to offset developer to the property of the sold portions GPU (PUHCA), Act Company and management. construction, the financing, provided and the developer costs, remediation of a and remediation removal asbestos involved remediation cost 1995. Most of the began in club the former boat old oil spill on year addition, a 20 In high coal pile. foot 50 three acre, significantly reduced that system bioremediation year a two treated with the site was portion of 82 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 1998, the Crawford County Redevelopment Authority offered roughly 177 acres behind the building space, which is home to more than 22 businesses that employ over 1,000 people. In contaminated soilsandthencappingtheareawithcleansoilatacostof$7million. other pollutantsinthesoil.TheDEPremediatedsiteby excavating andcontaining the Superfund site. Thiswas duetodepositsofashleftfromcoalburning,disposed oil,and Pennsylvania DepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection(DEP)declaredtheproperty astate clean up.Work beganwithremoval ofasbestosfromthespinningmachines. In1990, the of creatinganindustrialpark.Thesitewas badlydegraded,however, andneededsubstantive industrial buildingspace. Avtex abandoned305 acresofpropertyandapproximately1.4millionsquarefeetempty For moreinformation,contact: everyday actions. bring environmentaleducationtolifeinthehopethatstudentswillapplytheselessonstheir preservation efforts, ndhasinvolved agenerationofchildrenin"hands-on"activitiesthat former hazardouswaste site. TheLearningCenterisacriticalpartoftheFrenchCreekProject's economical, andphilosophicalcomplexitiesofenvironmentalmanagementcleanupatthis for theOutdoorLearningCenterbecausestudentsandteacherscanexplorepolitical, governments on water quality protection, and provides recreation in the Creek watershed. education, fosters stream conservation, conducts science and research activities, works with local complex to create the French Creek Outdoor Learning Center. This Center provides environmental the political,economical,andphilosophicalcomplexities Development Authority committee members considered the site to placefortheOutdoorLearning beaperfect The previously abandoned site now has more than 1.4 million square feet of renovated In 1989,theCrawford County Redevelopment Authority purchasedthesitewithhope Development Authority committeemembersconsideredthesitetobeaperfectplace Center becausestudents andteachers canexplore of environmental managementandcleanup at [email protected] 814-337-7305 The French CreekOutdoorLearningCenter Judith Acker, Coordinator this formerhazardous waste site.

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 83

However the second However closure Union Tank Car leaving theUnion Tank The Citysite. established a non-profit organization to raise andawareness funding for future development of the site. With the assistance of private had been planting the seed for redevelopment of the site for nearly a decade prior to painting until 1998, when the painting until 1998, again abandoned. property was at the complex did not catch City leaders surprise. the City by and local preservationists Amy Nelson City of Evanston 307-783-6319 [email protected] After five years, the assessment of the site has not revealed any significant contamination. contamination. significant any revealed not has site the of assessment the years, five After The site was an integral part of the community and economy in Evanston for over 50 years, years, 50 for over in Evanston of the community and economy an integral part The site was remaining structures in the complex has not yet been determined, but commercial use has been been has use commercial but determined, been yet not has complex the in structures remaining Hall. City expanding an for location the as site the of redevelopment as well as considered, For more information, contact: Renovation of the machine shop portion of the site is complete and the facility is now open, open, now is facility the and complete is site the of portion shop machine the of Renovation gatherings, private and public conventions, for center community a for need the fulfilling is Commission Preservation Historic Evanston the Meanwhile, events. community and concerts, Places Historic of Register National the on property Railyards and Roundhouse the list to seeking on site the Listing register. historic state the on already is site The significance. national its for the of Use opportunities. grant of range wider a for eligible it make would Register National the was readywas to go. a brownfields Evanston awarded was pilot grant from to conductthe EPA an environmental assessment of the site. donations, private Grants, Transportation of Department Wyoming of assistance the With Union the from assistance and Grants, Block Development Community funds, Ball Renewal roundhouse. the of half and shop machine the on placed was roof new a Foundation, Pacific donations, a grant Department from the Wyoming of Transportation, and a HUD Community Development Block Grant, the City launched a community visioning and planning process. When the site Car finally was in 1998, Unionvacated by theTank City had a plan in place and a machine shop for railroad vehicle repair and service, and a powerhouse to produce energy and a powerhouse repair and service, railroad vehicle a machine shop for as a years used in later changed, the complex was As the needs of the railroad for the site. for Union Pacific. reclamation facility of the property to the City. ownership and soon after transferred in 1971 but closed its doors and Car for tank car repair Corporation and Union Tank Lithcote then leased by The site was EVANSTON, WY: Abandoned Railyard and Roundhouse Roundhouse and Railyard Abandoned WY: EVANSTON, Again of Community Part is Integral Railroad the Union Pacific built by was complex and Railyards Roundhouse The Evanston too small for that became stone roundhouse to replace an 1870s and 1918 1917 between engines, maintenance of steam a roundhouse for complex includes The modern locomotives. 84 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Large ScaleCommercial economic base and promote a more sustainable economic future for the City. project has helped reestablish Waterbury as a regional retail destination, and will help diversify its two former administrative office buildings of the restored mill complex. In all, this $170 million to the downtown and a nearby park, and the interactive Timexpo museum has opened in the 150 individual retail stores. In addition, a river walkway now connects the mall and commons in downtown Waterbury. The original development created four anchor stores and approximately over 400 new retail jobs, increased the City's tax revenues, and helped spur further redevelopment Center andCommons. General Growth Properties)whoproposedtobuildanewretailmallandcenter, theBrass Mill national shoppingcenterdeveloper (theHomartDevelopment Company, now known as the easternperipheryofCity'scentralbusinessdistrict attractedtheattentionofamajor Environmental ProtectionAgency. Development andEnvironmentalProtection,theU.S.DepartmentofDefense, andtheU.S. Corporation, BrassCenterLimited,Connecticut'sdepartmentsofEconomicandCommunity and preparingitforredevelopment, inpartnershipwiththeNaugatuckValley Development industrial reuse, theCityofWaterbury developed acomprehensive planforcleaningupthesite heavy metalsandbuildingsinneedofdemolition.Afterseveral unsuccessfulattemptsat they leftbehindrevealed numerouscontaminants, includingpetroleum,PCBs, solvents, and doors. its closed Brass, three,Century big the of last the 1980s mid bythe and decline to began mills brass World War following Waterbury's City." II, increased "Brass However, the competition as World" the and of Capital "Brass of moniker Waterbury the earned manufacturers brass of concentration This States. United the in manufacturer brass Works, largest Brass the Scovill the including factories, brass major three to home and Northeast the in facilities industrial that hashelpedspurtherevitalizationofWaterbury. been transformedintotheBrassMillCenter, a1.2millionsquarefootregionalshoppingmall economically depressedbrownfield thatwas hurtingtheCity'seconomy. However, thesitehas only markedtheendofaneraforbrasscapitalworld, butalsoleftbehindablighted, The closingofthehistoricbrassmillindustrialcomplexinWaterbury, Connecticutin1986not WATERBURY, CT: AddingPolish totheBrassCity T Completed in September 1997, the project has generated 1600 construction jobs and well As cleanupofthesitemoved forward, thesite'slocationalongamajorinterstateand When thebrassmillsclosed,anenvironmentalassessmentof9 largest the of one was River Mad the along site mill brass years,the 200 nearly For services tounderservedareasandgeneratesignificanttaxrevenuesforthelocalgovernment. commercial projectstotheircommunities.Theseoftenprovidemuchneedednew he cleanupofbrownfieldshasempoweredmanycommunitiestoattractnew, largescale 0 acresofproperties

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 85 , ash, and as originally a enues, the Elizabeth City enues, . Meeting once a month, wnfield redevelopment wnfield redevelopment Naugatuck Valley Development Corporation Development Valley Naugatuck (203) 756-2719 In 1998, OENJ sold 125 acres of the brownfield to Glichmer Realty Trust, a nationally- Trust, to Glichmer Realty In 1998, OENJ sold 125 acres of the brownfield With funding and permits secured, OENJ moved forward with its redevelopment plans. plans. with its redevelopment forward With funding and permits secured, OENJ moved To address these development obstacles, OENJ worked closely with local, state, and federal closely with local, state, OENJ worked obstacles, address these development To As a result of the contamination and the property's meager tax rev As a result of the contamination and largest outlet shopping center. Over 15 million people have visited the complex, generating 15 million people have Over largest outlet shopping center. for the City of Elizabeth. The project has increased property more than $2.5 million in revenue in million has been invested More than $118 more than $3 million a year. by tax revenues million has been spent on infrastructure and approximately $20 transportation and sewage other pozzolanic reagents. This reuse provided the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey of New York Authority the Port This reuse provided other pozzolanic reagents. deemed unsuitable for ocean disposal. with a location for material that was in October 1999, a 1.5 million- later, Approximately one year retail center developer. renowned industrial area. The square-foot outlet mall opened, which has brought new life to the former making it New Jersey's stores and restaurants, Jersey Gardens Mall is home to more than 200 of Environmental Protection (DEP). OENJ capped the area with recycled pollutants from leaching out of the landfill, prevent To debris materials from around the region, including construction and demolition million cubic yards group also incorporated approximately 100 The development crushed glass. treated using cement and that was Bay of contaminated dredged material from the Newark these groups were able to simultaneously submit federal, state, and local permit applications, and local permit applications, federal, state, able to simultaneously submit these groups were The of the usual three. instead permits in one year, all necessary which enabled OENJ to receive which and construct a new interchange, local roads task forces also secured funding to improve in the those involved Among New Jersey Turnpike. offers direct access to the site from the Development Union County Economic Plan Association (RPA), the Regional task forces were and the New Jersey Department Corporation, City of Elizabeth Department of Transportation, landfill, there were no sewers, roads or utilities, and a 60-foot wide, 4,800 foot long stormwater 4,800 foot long stormwater and a 60-foot wide, roads or utilities, no sewers, landfill, there were a issues associated with filling In addition, OENJ faced permitting ditch bisected the property. in the ditch. series of degraded wetlands established task OENJ and community groups. non-profit organizations, agencies, government and infrastructure requirements forces to address complex permitting ll site "blighted" in 1987. Despite this designation, the property Council declared the landfill site "blighted" in 1987. Despite this Airport and close proximity to Newark due to its to real estate developers remained attractive group, acquired the development In 1992, the OENJ Corporation, a private City. New York In addition to the property. to clean up and redevelop Elizabeth landfill site and began plans including the lack of adequate obstacles to development, the contamination, OENJ faced major commercial project. Because the site w infrastructure to support a large scale 1.5 million square foot outlet shopping mall, 20 screen Loews theater, innovative job training innovative theater, screen Loews foot outlet shopping mall, 20 1.5 million square revitalizing the City of for The project has been a catalyst Marriott Hotels. and two facility, created more than 5,500 and has $2.5 million in annual revenues Elizabeth. It generates a the Elizabeth Metro Center received In 2001, construction jobs. permanent jobs and 1,700 redevelopment. approach to brownfields for its innovative prestigious Phoenix Award ELIZABETH, NJ: Retail Success at a Former Landfill Success at a NJ: Retail ELIZABETH, largest bro Center ranks as one of New Jersey's The Elizabeth Metro was this 166-acre property of an industrial and municipal landfill, Originally the site projects. amounts of PCBs, decades leaching harmful dormant for two and lay abandoned in 1972 to Thanks Arthur Kill River. and Bay Newark and nearby and lead into the soil paint sludge, to a home this property is now stakeholders, public and private between strong partnerships For more information, contact: more information, For 86 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization For moreinformation,contact: and aferryservicetoManhattan. use. Inaddition,thegroupplanstoimplementlightrailaccessNewark InternationalAirport development groupiscurrently developing a700,000 squarefeetofficeparkforretailand upland waterfront property thatoverlook theNewYork CityskylineandStatueofLiberty. The Least Tern. of high-qualitywetlands along theNewark Bay, providing tidalhabitatfortheendangered remediation ofthesite. Inexchangeforfillingthedegradedwetlands, OENJcreated10 acres relocation. It was a mess!" Fortunately, the $2.5 million preparation cost was largely relieved relieved largely was cost preparation million Fortunately, $2.5 the mess!" a was It relocation. utility and remediation for pay to wehad and alleys, old and utilities with crisscrossed blocks six issues, environmental with buildings zone...[b]urned-out combat contaminated environmentally an was site "[t]he that remarked Magazine, Commerce Louis St. of 2003issue March a in Brown, Steve President Brown Balke remediation. for problems presented site the at discovered tanks storage underground corroding and lead asbestos, The 20acres. purchased expenses were covered by fundsescrowed fromtheproceedsofsites'sales. of Missouri'sPetroleum StorageTank InsuranceFund.Otherremediationanddemolition costs linkedtoUST-related releases, theSLDCregisteredallformergasstationsinState was abletosecure$200,000 inEPA fundsforsiteinvestigation. To headofftheanticipated environmental assessments. Startingin1993,theSt.LouisDevelopment Corporation(SLDC), contamination associatedwiththeland'shistoricusenecessitatednumerouscity-funded and jobgrowth. salvage yards. Today, thepropertieshave beentransformedintoathrivingcenterofinvestment closed foundries, platingfacilities, chemicalcompanies, drycleaners, gasolinestationsand project. ThiscommercialsuccesssitsonwhatusedtobesixteenblocksoftheNorthSide's and McLeodUSATelecommunications, was theCityofSt.Louis'firstfederalbrownfields pilot major businessesincludingGateway CDI,KillarkElectricalProducts, Swank MotionPictures The St.LouisCommerceCenterattheDr. MartinLutherKingBusinessPark, now hometo ST. LOUIS, GatewaytoBrownfieldsRevitalization MO: combat zone...[b]urned-out buildingswithenvironmental OENJ Corporationretained40acresoftheElizabethbrownfield site, including 20 acresof Balke Brown Associates, a developer of commercial and office/industrial buildings, buildings, office/industrial and commercial of developer a Associates, Brown Balke Environmental concernswere attheheartofthisredevelopment project,andthepotential issues, sixblockscrisscrossed withutilities andold "[t]he site was anenvironmentally contaminated 908-820-4029 Elizabeth, NJ Office oftheMayor alleys, andwe hadto pay forremediation and —Steve Brown, President, Balke Brown Associates utility relocation. Itwas amess!"

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 87

, and 1,700 full time full , and 1,700 Eric Klipsch St. Louis Development Corporation 314-622-3400 stlouis.missouri.org/sldc/ However, many local residents were concerned that this proposal was too big and would too big and would concerned that this proposal was local residents were many However, A developer worked with the City to establish a redevelopment plan for the site that with the City to establish a redevelopment worked A developer Once an environmental liability, the Martin Luther King Business Park area has been been has area Park Business King Luther Martin the liability, environmental an Once The first completed building, quickly occupied by Gateway CDI, brought an initial 75 CDI, brought an initial Gateway building, quickly occupied by The first completed jobs were worth the risk. The City issued tax increment bonds to pay for the cleanup, because of the risk. The City issued tax increment bonds to pay worth jobs were these potential gains. A neighborhood task force met monthly in a televised impact their community. negatively included a supermarket as an anchor, plus additional large commercial space and room for included a supermarket as an anchor, for the site if twice the current market value offered to pay The developer small service stores. Cleanup cleaned it, took it through the Minnesota Voluntary the City acquired the quarry site, cost the City significantly this would Although, ready. it shovel Program, and delivered it decided that the elimination of blight, cleanup of festering more than the purchase price, contamination in a largely residential area, sales and property tax gains Community participation was critical to the redevelopment of the former Johnson Street critical to the redevelopment Community participation was the once- By the mid-1990s, Quarry in Minneapolis into a neighborhood shopping center. the entire pulling down Street Quarry had become a blighted property, Johnson active part of — it cleaned up and replaced with a supermarket neighborhood. The community wanted and something that the neighborhood really needed. — the community plan and vision MINNEAPOLIS, MN: Community Input is Key to Revitalization to Revitalization Input is Key MINNEAPOLIS, MN: Community of Johnson Street Quarry programs. Most properties are eligible for one or more of these incentive programs. incentive these of more or one for eligible are properties Most programs. For more information contact: to redevelop urban properties that were once considered unmarketable due to their real or or real their to due unmarketable considered once were that properties urban redevelop to of use the promoting and City the of areas specific targeting By contamination. perceived a as itself presented has Louis St. redevelopment, in assist to resources local and state federal, SLDC at professionals economic and technical of team The developers. for resource one-stop tax estate real of range a administered and process, the throughout services personalized offered financing increment tax and credit, tax facility business incentive, tax zone enterprise abatement, sparked considerable investment and growth on adjacent properties, including commitments to including commitments on adjacent properties, and growth investment sparked considerable of representing hundreds sixteen city blocks, more of the original of twelve the redevelopment of dollars in investment. jobs and millions Program Brownfields formalized City's The center. economic model a into converted successfully opportunities unique realizing projects, revitalization successful these in role central a played jobs and new confidence to the area's business community. Other companies followed followed Other companies to the area's business community. jobs and new confidence million in more jobs and $10 300 Over instrument supplier. suit, including a medical that Center, the three building, $12 million Commerce projected for was future investment The manufacturing space. and light square feet of prime warehouse encompasses 480,000 of the area impact on the surrounding area. Redevelopment positive project had a major by aby state Department of Economic Development brownfields remediation tax credit of about $1 million, and a city offer of a comparable amount through purchase price reductions. This was possible after the site was declared eligible for the state's brownfield incentives program and entered into the Missouri Department of Natural CleanupResources' Voluntary Program. Balke Brown Associates obtained commercial insurance policies to cap expenses associated with site contamination. 88 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization closer tothelotline, inexchangeforaddingattractive brickfacingonthebuilding. Thisadded allowed moreparkingonsite. Inthisinstance, neighborsallowed thebuildingstobeplaced when localresidentswent tothezoningboardonhisbehalfsupportaset-backvariance that developer realizedanunanticipated benefitfromthecommunity'scomfortwithprocess access totheshoppingcenterandsiteconfigurationwere incorporatedintothedesign.The and show latecomerswhat issueshadalreadybeenaddressed. against surprisesastheprojectunfolded.Italsoallowed Cityofficialstodocumenttheprocess still follow theprocesson TVorgetvideotapesafterward. Thisgave thedeveloper morecomfort meetings turnedouttohave anumberofbenefits. Thosenotabletoattendthe meetingcould address communityconcerns. Given thecomplexityofthisdeal,televisedtaskforce public forumtodiscussprojectplanswiththeCityanddevelopers, totrackprogress, and For moreinformation,contact: partnership arekeys tosuccessinbrownfields revitalization. participation canenhanceacceptanceandmarketability;(2)strongpublicpriv adjacent tothesitein2001, anditsoldoutimmediately. apartments, andhomessellwithindays oflisting.Anentireblocknewhomeswas developed on thedecliningadjacentneighborhood,Cityreportsthattoda Minneapolis torecoupitsTIFinvestment inlessthan10 years. Finally, intermsofitsimpact property andsalestaxesby morethan$3millionayear, alsohigherthanprojected,allowing creating morethan2,000newjobs — nearly 20 percentmorethanprojected.Ithasincreased success oftheprojecttocommunityparticipationinplacefromoutset. Target storeisoneofthechain'shighestvolume storesnationally. Thedeveloper attributesthe of stores. Eachoftheother storesisatornearthetopofalltheirMinnesotastores, andthe Rainbow Foods, reportsthattheirQuarrystoredoesmoresalesvolume thanany intheirsystem a wholerow ofparkingspaces. This projectandcommunityinvolvement processworked well. Neighborhoodideasfor The successoftheJohnsonStreetQuarryprojectdemonstratesthat:(1)community The QuarryRetail Centerhasalsospurredredevelopment inthesurroundingarea, The 420,000 squarefootcommunity shoppingcenteropenedin1999.Thesupermarket, [email protected] 612-673-5122 Minneapolis CommunityPlanningandEconomicDevelopment Mike Christensen y therearenovacant ate UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 89 , located in From 1930 until 1990, the until 1990, From 1930 style coffee house and restaurant. A exists restaurant and nightclub now in the former dealership parts office and storage area. one of the largest new site was The car dealerships in Rochester. multi- dealership included a large, as and repair garage, service bay gasoline station. The site as a well the City until from 1990 vacant was purchased the property in 1996. The project, which ultimately would from start to finish, years take five challenges to the presented several Small Scale Commercial Small Scale

eld sites can provide opportunities for small business owners to obtain property at opportunities for small business owners maller brownfield sites can provide historic or distinctive structures cases, developers are able to preserve a reduced cost. In many The reuse of a car help enhance the profitability of their businesses. that define a niche and Contaminants found during investigations by the City included asbestos and gasoline, lube lube gasoline, and asbestos included City the by investigations during found Contaminants oils, used motor oil, and hydraulic oil. Investigators also found petroleum-contaminated soils soils petroleum-contaminated found also Investigators oil. hydraulic and oil, motor used oils, heavy included contaminants soil Other garage. repair and station gasoline former the beneath present was product petroleum free groundwater, In compounds. organic semi-volatile and metals standards. NYSDEC exceeded that concentrations at detected were compounds dissolved and City and the developer, Home Properties of New York. Changes in New York State Department Changes in New York Home Properties of New York. City and the developer, plans, shifting redevelopment (NYSDEC) cleanup programs, of Environmental Conservation street reconstruction, and funding constraints posed major restrictions, historic preservation the site, in addition to the environmental concerns at and these were — challenges to the project abandoned underground storage tanks. which included several is now known as Chevy Place for site preparation and construction of 77 new residential as Chevy Place for site preparation and known is now parking garage and the a below-grade Chevy Place also includes and apartments. townhouses as a 24 hour art deco- showroom of the historically significant Hallman Chevrolet renovation ROCHESTER, NY: Old Auto Dealer Becomes Art Deco Coffee Showroom Old Auto Dealer Becomes ROCHESTER, NY: automobile dealership and service garage The 2.2 acre former Hallman Chevrolet strategy to bring housing, nightlife, as part of Rochester's redeveloped was Rochester, downtown in what invested was million $10.6 Some of downtown. and new vitality to the City's east end S and a 1930s era gas station in in Stamford, CT, a machine shop NY, dealership showroom in Rochester, small businesses that have flourished on small brownfield sites. Milwaukee, WI, are great examples of 90 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization $750,000. Rochester financedtheinitialphaseofcleanupwithpartits HUD Community passive soilventing systems were installedasrequiredby thelocalhealthdepartment. a standardNYSDECpetroleumstipulationagreement.Inaddition,soilv contaminated soilandbedrock12moreundergroundstoragetanksw joint agreementbetween Rochester andHomeProperties. Duringthatphase, 7,000tonsof service garage. Thesecondphaseofremediationwas performedfrom1998to 2000 undera residential useofthepropertyrequiredasecondcleanupphaseanddemolition product/groundwater recovery andtreatmentsystem. HomeProperties'plansforexpanded contaminated soilassociatedwithstoragetanks, andtheinstallationofablastedbedrockfree removal of19in-groundhydraulic lifts, theclosureoffloordrainsandsumps, theremoval of The PhaseIand IIenvironmentalassessments ofthepropertyhadbeen completedb home toaspecialtylab, a brassfoundry, aplatingoperationandanelectricmotorrepairshop. commercial andindustrial properties butalsohistoricmultifamilyhouses is locatedinStamford'sdistressed SouthEndNeighborhood,amixeduseareaof mostly site forconversion totheHarleyDavidson ofStamforddealership.TheBluesBrothers' site LLC, whichwas undercontracttopurchasethreehistoric industrialparcelstoassemblea the City'sBrownfield CleanupRevolving LoanFund (BCRLF). In 1999,EPA provided the firstoftwo awards totaling$747,000toStamford,CT tocapitalize STAMFORD, CT: Brownfields Loan Helps Rev Up New Harley Dealership For moreinformation,contact: existing infrastructure." that brownfield redevelopment projectssuchasthisare".resurrectingandreinventing our many years. Rochester Mayor WilliamA.JohnsonJr. statedatthegrandopeningofChevyPlace redevelopment ofthissecondsitehave alreadybeenreceived. an EPA brownfield cleanupgranttoperformsoilcleanup.Proposalsforupscaletownhouse has sinceassembledanother2acrebrownfield siteoneblockfromChevyPlaceandsecured catalyst forover $100 million in private investment anddevelopment intheEastEnd.TheCity museums. ThisprojecthasaddedtothevibrancyofRochester's entireeastside, andhasbeena Theatre, theEastmanSchoolofMusicandTheatre, andseveral restaurantsand apartment complexislocatedinRochester's EastEndculturalandtheaterdistrict,neartheLittle parts areawas converted intoarestaurantandnightclubcalledMatthews EastEndGrill.The former showroom hasbeenrenovated asa24-hourcoffeeshop,theSpotCafé,andformer is itsartdecoshowroom, whichremainsstandingduetoitshistoricsitedesignation.The which were rentedwithinthreemonths. ChevyPlace'smostdistinguishingarchitecturalfeature 2000. Theprojectresultedintheconstructionof77newresidentialunits — 97 percentof environmental cleanupcosts. for theredevelopment project, andreducingthepurchasepriceofpropertydueto reimbursement forcertaindisposalcosts, providing thecompany witha$2.35 millionloan In addition,thecityassistedHomePropertieswithenvironmentalcostsb Development BlockGrant allocation.Thedeveloper fundedthesecondphaseofcleanup. Total cleanupprojectcosts, includingbothphasesofremediation,were approximately During 1997,theCitycompletedasbestosabatement,closureoffi In December1999,theCityofStamfordenteredintoa loanagreementwithBluesBrothers Prior toredevelopment, theabandoneddealershippropertyandbuildingssatvacant for Rochester's firstnewdowntown apartmentcomplexin20 years was finished inspring 585-428-5978 City ofRochester Mark Gregor [email protected] apor extractionand y providing direct . Thesitehadbeen ve storagetanks, the ere removed under y theseller UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 91

A, prior to . The seller agreed to The principal of Blues Brothers LLC, Fritz Blau, LLC, Fritz Blau, of Blues Brothers The principal financing for 12 months was While the zero percent of the property prior to marketing the site. The cost of The cost the site. marketing prior to property of the remediation was estimated at $160,000, which was the which was at $160,000, estimated was remediation from the seller. price concession basis of a BCRLF funds while of the availability learned of South End Neighborhood a meeting of the attending a collaboration of residents, Zone, Revitalization enabled the The BCRLF program City. businesses and the to finance the cost of $160,000 Blues Brothers to borrow material at the of contaminated abatement and removal site. brownfield in the BCRLF program, this a benefit to participating Brothers of to the Blues the value by overshadowed was the by and guidance provided the technical assistance throughout the remediation process. City and the EPA EPA assessments, In reviewing the environmental site even not tested for PCBs staff noted that the site was by the City and the EPA the City by While the zero percent financing for 12 months financing for 12 percent While the zero of the technical assistance and guidance provided provided and guidance assistance of the technical was a benefit to participating in the BCRLF program, program, in the BCRLF participating a benefit to was The project was not only successful in achieving its planned goals, it was a demonstration it was not only successful in achieving its planned goals, The project was The City of Stamford employed a licensed environmental professional to serve as the the as serve to professional environmental licensed a employed Stamford of City The this was overshadowed by the value to the Blues Brothers Brothers Blues the to value the by overshadowed was this renovated two turn-of-the-century buildings that are listed on the National Register of Historic buildings that are listed on the National Register turn-of-the-century two renovated and offices, Dealership with a showroom, opened a Harley Davidson/Buell and Places, along with the creation The enterprise brings new life to the community, maintenance facility. of 17 existing jobs. preservation new jobs and the of 10 to maximize options for future use. By October 2000, approximately 3,500 tons of soil soil of tons 3,500 approximately 2000, October By use. future for options maximize to were arsenic and PCBs, hydrocarbons, petroleum cadmium, lead, chromium, with contaminated residents. neighborhood for risks exposure reducing site, industrial former the from removed pooled and cooperation secured. were Resources partnerships. of the ability to form effective project had the $1.5 million redevelopment By the grand opening on December 1, 2000, to remediate to Connecticut's commercial standards, the Blues Brothers LLC was committed committed was LLC Brothers Blues the standards, commercial Connecticut's to remediate to residential to site the clean to Office, Development Community Stamford's with working to program, cleanup voluntary state's the with conjunction in undertaken was effort The standards. Brownfields Site Manager. The City also engaged an environmental consultant to work with with work to consultant environmental an engaged also City The Manager. Site Brownfields required only Though City. the to loan on was who member staff EPA's the and staff City the though the land use history hinted that PCBs might be present. Upon advice of EP though the land use history hinted that significant soil testing and discovered the Blues Brothers conducted more purchasing the site, opportunity an This gave to the cost of the clean-up. add $150,000 of PCBs that would levels the $875,000 purchase of the site for the Blues Brothers to renegotiate of the PCB contaminated soil. for the removal $150,000 escrow 92 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization MILWAUKEE, WI:From GasStationtoCoffeeHouse For moreinformation,contact: of financialincentives thatmadeSherman Perk areality. TheCityandCountyof Milwaukee project underway. Heworked withavariety ofpublicagencypartnerstostructureapackage contaminated Sherman Perk site was transferred to Mr. Olin for cleanup and redevelopment. voluntary cleanup program. After five months of effort, the statute was applied and the petroleum role was to oversee the environmental remediation of the property, which it did through the state Olin) who would do what was needed to get the property back into tax-paying status. WDNR's with the tax foreclosure and then place the property in the hands of a developer (in this case, Mr. and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR). The City's role was to commence the pilotcaseforthisnewlaw. statute becamethetoolthatfacilitatedsaving ofthegasstationandcoffee shopbecame cleanup andreusetotaxforeclosures, assignedtaxliens, andataxforgiveness process. This new law was designedtoencouragereuseoftaxdelinquent,contaminatedpropertiesby linking passed inlargepartattheurgingofMilwaukee officialswhohadsiteslikehisin mind.The coffee shopatthesite. Olinwas aidedinhiseffortby anewWisconsinstatelaw, whichwas Park HistoricPreservation Counciltoexpresshisinterestinrevivingtheideaofdeveloping a burden thathaddiscourageddeveloper interestinthesite. leakage. Inaddition,thesitewas nineyears taxdelinquent,whichwas asignificantfinancial deteriorated andhazardous, andthesitewas contaminatedwithpetroleumfromyears offuel Milwaukee hadorderedthegasstationbuildingdemolishedbecausestructurewas seriously primarily becauseofitshistoricvalue. However, thesitehadseriousproblems. TheCityof a marketforthistypeofrevitalization. efforts — but thegroupwas unsuccessful.Nevertheless, ithadlaidthefoundationandidentified a coffeeshop — and even cameupwiththename"ShermanPerk" thatwould survive their advantage. GrasslynManortriedtoacquirethepropertywithintentofconverting itinto gas stationintheMidwest, afeaturewhichthegroupfeltcouldgive itauniquecommercial was oneofthefewremainingunalteredexamplesaStreamlinedModernearchitecturalstyle register theoldgasstationwithCityofMilwaukee's listofHistoricProperties. Thebuilding was boardedup. owners letthesitesitvacant forthefollowing tenyears, anditslippedintotaxdelinquency until thelastfamilymemberretiredandsoldpropertyin1989.Unfortunately built in1939andoperatedasagasstationby two generationsofthesamefamilyfor50 years most diverse neighborhoods. Thebuilding,whichwas renovated intothecoffeeshop,was shaped petroleumbrownfield site, islocatedintheShermanPark area,oneofMilwaukee's Sherman Perk, asuccessful independentcoffeeshopdeveloped onanoddlysized,triangular at NeighborhoodLandmark As asmall,community-based developer, Olin facedcriticalfinancialhurdlesingettinghis In the case of Sherman Perk, the parties to the foreclosure included the City of Milwaukee However, Olin persevered andinmid-May, 2000, heattendedameetingoftheSherman In springof2000, BobOlin,thecurrentowner, developed aninterestintheproperty In themid-1990s, alocalcommunitygroup,GrasslynManor, launchedtheprocessto 203-977-4864 City ofStamford Tim Beeble 845-358 2700x16 Harley Davidson/Buell Linda Greenfield

, subsequent UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 93 ark ed confirmation from the ed confirmation from Bob Olin 414-875-7375 www.shermanperk.com Michael Prager Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 608-261-4927 [email protected]. In 2003, Sherman Perk's owner paid the greatest tribute possible to the opportunities paid the greatest tribute owner Sherman Perk's In 2003, The grand opening of Sherman Perk took place on August 20, 2001, and the coffee shop and the coffee 2001, 20, took place on August Perk opening of Sherman The grand Olin opened a second coffee shop at an old gas station site in the historic Kletzsch P coffee shop at an old gas station Olin opened a second is looking for and Perk), (not surprisingly called Kletzsch Wisconsin neighborhood in Glendale, outlets. more similar sites for additional two For more information, contact : has become a thriving neighborhood landmark. Olin recently receiv neighborhood landmark. Olin has become a thriving which will preservation, the restoration met standards for historic Service that National Park Sherman of Historic Landmarks. in the National Register for the property's listing clear the way in 2002. Design Award a Mayor's also received Perk again! Bob he did it — site abandoned petroleum brownfield an and process of converting provided $30,000 in grants to help cover the costs of site cleanup, including removal of removal including cleanup, of site the costs cover to help in grants $30,000 provided $100,000 awarded of Commerce Wisconsin Department and the storage tanks, underground key component A finance redevelopment. program to help revitalization brownfield through its and friends by equity provided of hours of sweat be the hundreds to proved of the "financing" in their community. project to succeed this who clearly wanted groups, neighborhood 94 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Mixed-Use Developments by theOregonHousingTrust Fund. housing taxcreditsalsowere used.Inaddition,$100,000 in project seedfundingwas provided public andprivate constructionandtake-outloansfrom banksandothersources. Low-income of low-income housingbuiltover 12,000squarefeetofcommercialspaceatAlbinaCorner. floor retailshops. Themixed-useapproachclearedtheway foraprojectthatincludes48units other propertiesoutsideofthecentraldowntown areaaswell asincludinghousingover ground allowed forhigh-densityhousingandmixed-usedevelopment attheAlbinaCornersiteand opportunities, Portland's planningcommissionapproved azoningchangein1995.This route andlightrailstation. the sitealsohadseveral advantages, nottheleastofwhichwas itslocationnearamajorbus petroleum), inadditiontoAlbina'simageasadeclining area,w back tothe1920's. Anumberofsmall-scalecontaminants(leadpaint,asbestos, andsome Corner site, whichhousedanoldcarlot,awash, andasmallofficebuildingthatdated developed. was strategy design urban and transportation, use, land holistic a others, the exacerbated problems these of each safety. Because public and area," "unsafe an as image community's the population; and housing of loss the wealth; community and jobs businesses, of loss the Street," whichhadsubstantiallydeteriorated. commercial corridoralongMartinLutherKing,Jr. Boulevard, NortheastPortland's "Main and othersstakeholderstorevitalizeinnerNorth/NortheastPortland withafocusonthe revitalization strategiesaregoingtorealizetheirmaximumbenefi neighborhood areasallover thecountryandwhichmustberedeveloped ifcommunity The AlbinaCornerprojectinPortland istypicalofthesmall-scalebrownfield sitesthatblight Revitalization ofDistressedNeighborhood PORTLAND, OR:SmartGrowthProject onAlbinaCornerSparks development patterns. the infrastructure, environmental,qualityoflife, andothercostsassociatedwithsprawling M The $4.4millionprojectwas financedthroughacomplex combinationof11 different In anefforttoaddressboththeneedforhousingand desirefornewbusiness One ofthefirstsuccessfulredevelopments undertheplanwas thethree-quarteracreAlbina address to Plan Community Albina the developed partners community its and City The In 1989,theCityofPortland joinedwithcommunitygroups, developers, businessleaders site likeabrownfield, these developments have theaddedadvantage ofavoiding play whilereducingreliance onautomobiles. Whenlocatedonapreviouslydeveloped ixed-use developments help localgovernments createbetterplacestolive, work, and ere deterringreuse. However, t.

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 95 ard

wnfields wnfields site into Albina Corner has become a real "gateway" "gateway" become a real Albina Corner has catalyze the overall revitalization of this area. revitalization the overall catalyze City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services City of Portland 503-823-5863 [email protected] Clark Henry project for the Albina community and has helped and has Albina community for the project Because of the efforts of the neighborhood, the City, the State, and a small local developer a small local developer and the State, the City, Because of the efforts of the neighborhood, The design for this redevelopment included several important smart growth aspects. aspects. growth smart important several included this redevelopment for The design cleanup remedy, serving to cap on-site pollution and prevent exposure to residents or the exposure serving to cap on-site pollution and prevent cleanup remedy, public from pollution. convenience store, and art gallery, supported the project, covering much of the maintenance much of the maintenance supported the project, covering and art gallery, store, convenience with handy especially senior citizens, the upper floors, residents on while providing costs, evolved, uses have Since then, the commercial and other services. access to banking care center. replacing the beauty shop with a day are actually part of the bro The first-floor commercial spaces at Albina Corner The project incorporates an oasis of greenspace for the residents with a central courty an oasis of greenspace for the The project incorporates of residential with the three floors open to the sky, the first floor shops, built over that was and enough a fountain, built-in seating, has trees, it. The courtyard units located around to play. room for children coffee shop, beauty shop, including a bank, commercial enterprises, The original first-floor The project uses shared parking between the commercial and residential uses in order to and residential the commercial between uses shared parking The project that this convinced lenders were spaces required. Skeptical total number of reduce the lots apartment parking indicating that photos shown were only when they work would day. empty during the work remained virtually cleanup are uncertain, site owners and potentially responsible parties face unknown risk, and risk, and potentially responsible parties face unknown cleanup are uncertain, site owners Wisconsin faced those The City of Kenosha, deals often flounder. redevelopment brownfields questions in its quest to clean up and revitalize the old American Brass bro project encompassing redevelopment Project, a comprehensive the Harborpark Development environmental insurance. was The key to success in Kenosha Kenosha. 29 acres of downtown KENOSHA, WI: Insuring a Bright Future the toughest hurdles can often be estimating renewal, When facing the prospect of brownfield When the costs of the cleanup will cost, and then obtaining the cleanup funds. much how For more information, contact: with a vision, this small but critical brownfield site was redeveloped. Albina Corner has redeveloped. site was with a vision, this small but critical brownfield and has helped catalyze the overall project for the Albina community become a real "gateway" leased at market rates the apartments were advertising, revitalization of this area. With minimal leased percent of the commercial space was and 90 ahead of schedule, well within six weeks, prior to construction. ◗ ◗ ◗ For example: For ◗ 96 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization environmental problemsarediscovered today ormany years fromnow. Thecontractorwas able million todemolishthebuildingsandcleanupallcontamination developed auniqueapproach. Theyagreedtopay aselectedenvironmentalcontractor$10 uncertainty aboutcleanupcosts. trolley system, andawater-oriented residentialneighborhood.However, thedealstalleddueto activity withpublicgatheringplaces, amile-longpromenade, visitorattractions, apublic plans totransformthisonce-delinquentandcontaminatedindustriallandintoacenterof them fromuncertainfuturecosts, andallowed thedealtomove forward. environmental insurancepolicyissuedby AmericanInsuranceGroup(AIG)thatprotected The owners andresponsible partiesattheAmericanBrasssitewere covered by a30-year For moreinformation,contact: new supermarket,retailshoppingcenter, andagolfdome. to accept.Thetotalsitecleanupandpreparationcostseventually totaled$10.1 million. pay. Working together, thepartiesagreedonasitecleanupcostaheadoftime thatallwere able contribute toward thecleanupsincetheyknewinadvance thetotalamounttheywould needto comfortable thattheoddswere intheirfavor. Theguaranteehelpedpersuadetheowners to of upto$15million.Withtheseassurances, thesiteowners, theCity, andthecontractorfelt orders, third-partyclaims, andotherlegalliabilityfromthesite, withatotallimitofliability against costoverruns, unexpectedfuturecleanupcosts, government reopenersorchange costs. Moreover, thecontractorwas protectedby aninsurancepolicythatprovided protection to taketheriskbecauseithasdeveloped anexpertisetoaccuratelyestimatelong-termcleanup To spurredevelopment oftheproperty, Kenosha officialsandthefoundryowners In1998,theCityofKenosha, selectedby theEPA asabrownfields grantee, developed The removal oftheoldfoundrypromisestobreathenewlifeintoneighborhood,witha [email protected] 202-861-8674 AIG Environmental Kevin Matthews 312-353-3161 U.S. EPA Regional BrownfieldsTeam 414-653-4000 City ofKenosha Office oftheMayor

— Region 5 — regardless ofwhetherthe UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 97 , usually taken Manufacturing est of Chicago's famous Loop

hen industries close or relocate they not only create blighted brownﬁelds, they also take or relocate they not only create blighted hen industries close Such a loss can be devastating of both urban and rural communities. much needed jobs out exacerbate decline. While some well-being and can instigate or to a community's economic

As part of this commitment — As part of this commitment Chicago has undertaken a major initiative to revitalize the Kinzie corridor area. A key to Chicago has undertaken a major initiative accommodate manufacturers' acreage needs — scrapping the traditional grid pattern to meet — accommodate manufacturers' acreage needs A planned streetscaping project along Lake Street will make the site modern space needs. an aesthetic buffer for nearby as providing as well from the adjacent El line, more attractive commercial and residential areas. clear property titles. and enhanced site includes street improvements modern manufacturing. This investment portion of which is funded through the City's share of state allocated Department a access, funds. of Transportation guarantees — for brownfield-related activities in the Kinzie corridor area, including site for brownfield-related — guarantees is also helping to acquisition, environmental testing, site cleanup, and demolition. The City in order to assemble larger tracts to as needed The City is closing streets and alleys to make it more suitable to Chicago is making significant infrastructure improvements loan CDBG and Section 108 — The City is using $4 million in HUD resources ◗ ◗ high-wage, high-benefit jobs available within the central city. the central city. within available high-benefit jobs high-wage, ◗ would suspect from a 40-year old industrial corridor, Kinzie was brownfield central. brownfield Kinzie was old industrial corridor, suspect from a 40-year would acquiring former manufacturing parcels element of Chicago's strategy includes adjacent to the Chicago "El" which are owns, that adjoin sites the City already for back taxes, tract that the City is seeking to assemble a 70-acre Ultimately, and bus lines. transit system the number of could be used to meet modern manufacturing needs and retain and expand CHICAGO, IL: Restoring An Industrial Employment Center An IL: Restoring CHICAGO, is located one mile w The Kinzie Industrial Corridor in Chicago, a side area was II, the west War Lake Street. After World and stretches for about six blocks along opportunities to area residents and supported employment thriving industrial hub that brought City in 1968, the area has been Since race riots rocked the considerable commercial activity. As you fled to the suburbs. gradually abandoned and residents as properties were in decline, remedies to future uses, rededicating a site to industrial uses often allows for more cost-effective remedies to future uses, rededicating a smaller communities like Spartanburg, South Carolina and cleanups. Large cities like Chicago and with this approach to brownfields redevelopment. Meriden, Connecticut have found success W kinds of uses for these abandoned sites, others have sought communities have sought to make new uses. This approach not only removes blight, but also restores to rededicate them back into industrial In addition, since communities can often tailor cleanup employment opportunities to the community. 98 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization City andcountypublicworks spendingisbeingcarriedoutinways thatcomplementthisnew works initiatives, including transportation projects, job training, and commercial developments. brownfield needs. For example, brownfield projectsarebeingcreatively coordinatedwithpublic incentives. has alsoassembledsitesandlinkedsiteowners tostateandfederalassistanceprograms it throughitscritical,make-or-breakearlyphasesofsiteinvestigation andcleanup.TheCity ◗ ash, morethan 600drumsofusedoil,seven unclosedunderground storagetanks, and27 in 1966.Whenitfiledforbankruptcy in1990, thisfacility leftbehindmoundsofslagand under theState'sbrownfield program. it becamethefirstcompany inSouthCarolinatosuccessfully returnasitetoproductive use When CarolinaRecycling Group,LLC(CRG)opened itsNazarethChurchRoad plantin1997, SPARTANBURG, SC:Recycling LandforRecycling's Sake: For moreinformation,contact: with theCitytoinvest inrenewable energytechnologies. Edison willpurchase$6millionworth ofthecompany's Solarproductsaspartofitsagreement Chicago GreenBuildingCenterintheBuildingssectionofthisreport.)Common schools, andtransportationfacilitiesthroughouttheChicagoarea.(Seerelatedprofileof committed toinstallenvironmentallyfriendlysolarelectricsystems onpublicbuildings, Environment, Commonwealth EdisonandtheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy. TheCityhas systems. Thefactoryistheresultofapartnershipbetween Spire, Chicago'sDepartmentof factory inthecorridorthatwillmanufactureandlocallyinstallsolarelectricmodules create morethan50 newjobs. Inaddition,theSpirecorporationislocatingasolarphotovoltaic building forseafoodprocessinganddistribution.Thecompany's $6.5millioninvestment will Clearwater Fisheries, anewoccupantinthecorridor, isconstructinga31,000 squarefoot nearby UnitedCenterArena).That$1.5millioninvestment willgenerateseveral newjobs. use 14,000squarefeetforatruckandZambonimaintenancefacility(withthelatterserving business, StandardEquipment,isexpandingandmodernizingitsoperations. Thecompany will the dollarsspentonrevitalizationwithinKinziecommunity the CitytodolandscapingcomponentofKinzieCorridorbuffer an adjoiningparcel,providing 40newjobs. NorthernGreenhousehasalsobeenretainedby Northern GreenhouseCompany, willexpanditsexistingwholesalelandscapingbusinessonto water ordinances, gainmorecredibilitywithstates, communities, andprivate owners. standards. Thisapproachis becomingmorepopularasinstitutionalcontrols, suchasground tailoring clean-upstomeetsiteenduse, whetheritbeindustrial,commercial,orresidential community development strategy. zone incentives andfinancing programs, andaChicagotaxincrementfinancingdistrict. These includefederalempowerment zoneandbrownfield taxincentives, stateenterprise The Cityisaggressively marketing various financialincentives tonewusersof corridorsites. TheKinzieCorridorprojectconnectscommunityprogramplanningandspendingwith Public sectorinvolvement hasbeencriticaltojump-startthereuseprocessandhelpmove The BatchelderBlasiusplant firstbeganaluminumrecycling andsmeltingoperations The Cityisalsoworking tohelpdevelop newbusinessopportunitiesinthecorridor. The resultstodateintheKinzieCorridorareimpressive. Alongtimecorridoroccupant,the New developments inthe Kinzie corridor, likemany emergingbrownfield projects, are [email protected] 312-744-9139 Chicago DepartmentofEnvironment Kimberly Worthington . Anotherexistingcorridor , whichwillhelpkeep wealth UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 99

. Among the . In exchange for this that existed at the site at the time of purchase. the at the site at existed that CRG from being held liable for the contamination for the contamination being held liable from CRG In 1996, CRG became the first party to negotiate negotiate to party became the first CRG In 1996, an agreement through South Carolina's Voluntary Voluntary South Carolina's through an agreement Since the remediation, the CRG's annual sales have grown from $15 million to grown Since the remediation, the CRG's annual sales have CRG now enjoys the benefits of a state-of-the-art, environmentally friendly metal the benefits enjoys CRG now The Carolina Recycling Group spent approximately $1.5 million to assess, remediate, remediate, spent approximately $1.5 million to assess, Group The Carolina Recycling rst party to negotiate an agreement through South Carolina's an agreement through South Carolina's the first party to negotiate In 1996, CRG became Despite the extensive contamination, CRG expressed interest in purchasing the 42-acre 42-acre the purchasing in interest expressed CRG contamination, extensive the Despite Cleanup Program (VCP). This arrangement protected protected This arrangement (VCP). Program Cleanup without coming into contact with the soil. In 2000, CRG received a prestigious Phoenix Award a prestigious Phoenix Award CRG received without coming into contact with the soil. In 2000, redevelopment. to brownfield approach for its innovative additional operating has added seven The company approximately $93 million in 2003. The operations recycled locations throughout the Southeast and a total of 235 employees. processing and recycling facility. Turnings and other oily scrap are completely under roof. Oil Turnings facility. processing and recycling in the floor of the building, a double lined collection system and other liquids are collected by All liquids entering this separator and treatment system. which is attached to an oil water for equipment. More than four acres of water or primary wash as fuel are recycled system for the storage and processing of material concrete and 80,000 square feet under roof, allows and renovate the property. The corporation received assistance from South Carolina DHEC, The corporation received the property. and renovate Alliance-a Department of Energy Resolution Carolina First Bank, the Southeastern Regulatory Thanks Alliance. and the Southeastern Environmental Resource Program, Spartanburg County, 1997, in CRG finished the bulk of the cleanup and redevelopment to these strong partnerships, ahead of schedule. more than a year storage tanks (USTs) in accordance with DHEC UST regulations; (3) the removal and proper (3) the removal in accordance with DHEC UST regulations; storage tanks (USTs) oil tanker; and (4) the preparation and implementation disposal of the oil from an abandoned of contamination in existing and new levels sampling plan that will monitor of a groundwater monitoring wells. replacement of soil and vegetative cover in needed areas; (2) the closing of seven underground of seven in needed areas; (2) the closing cover replacement of soil and vegetative with a double lined collection system attached to an oil water separator were already in place. in already were separator water oil an to attached system collection lined double a with held liable arrangement protected CRG from being Cleanup Program (VCP). This Voluntary the site at the time of purchase for the contamination that existed at to the cleanup of the contaminated property safeguard, CRG agreed to contribute (1) the maintenance of the landfill cap and were: requirements outlined in the VCP contract soil samples. soil samples. site the years, 24 for facility processing metal a to home been had it Since property. abandoned was property The needs. industrial CRG's accommodate to necessary infrastructure the offered Batchelder old The line. rail CSX main a on directly sat and interstates near located strategically along concrete of acres Four rain. the from scrap protecting for ideal was building furnace Blasius above ground tanks containing more than 40,000 gallons of chemical waste and processed and processed waste of chemical gallons 40,000 more than tanks containing ground above the abandoned Blasius Company the Batchelder the property, no assets to maintain oil. With and slag of magnesium chloride used to dispose ll that it had of the 5-acre landfi maintenance Department the South Carolina by Investigation A Site Screening byproduct). (a smelting waste also detected elevated months in the following Control (DHEC) and Environmental of Health and in groundwater metals and heavy chloromethane derivatives benzene and of ethyl levels 100

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization For moreinformation,contact: help preserve SouthCarolina's openspaceandbringeconomicvitalitybacktourbanareas. additional Voluntary CleanupContractswithnon-responsibleparties. Theseagreementswill redevelopment. Sinceworking withCRG,theSouthCarolinaDHEChasenteredinto64 processes onthebrownfield site. Thissuccesshasencouragedotherstoconsider Brownfield of theSpartanburgproject,CRGdecidedin2002 toinvest morethan$10.5 millioninnew more than478,929grosstonsofferrousandnonferrousmetalsin2 tons ofcontaminated material.Building demolition andasbestosremo redevelopment, includingdemolitionoftheoldfactory buildingsandtheremoval of46,000 siding, ascrapmetalyard andnineadjacentresidential properties. 15 acres, comprisedofthemaincomplex,aformeremployee parkinglot,abandonedrailroad of EnvironmentalProtection (CDEP).TheStateDECDprovided planningfundstoassemble this effort.Aninitial$200,000 siteinvestigation was financedby theConnecticutDepartment an attractive optionforTIAutomotive's expansion.Statesupportwas criticaltothesuccessof Corporation, alreadyoperatinginMeriden,beganlookingforasitetoexpanditsproduction businesses duringits125year history. Thesitesatidleforseveral years untiltheTIAutomotive industrial facilitiescomplex,builtinstagesandowned by several differentmanufacturing to stay inMeridenandexpandontoabrownfield site. (DECD), puttogetheradiverse packageofassistanceandincentives toconvincethecompany the assistanceofConnecticutDepartmentEconomicandCommunityDev Walbro Corporation).Whenthiscompany was lookingtoexpand,theCityofMeriden,with to neworexpandingbusinessesliketheTIAutomotive Corporation(formerlyknown as operations. However, theCityhasfound successby marketingthe brownfields sitesleftbehind challenges asbusinessesinthelocalmanufacturingindustryhave closedorscaledback Meriden, Connecticut,isaCityof58,000thatfacingsignificant economic development MERIDEN, CT: ClearingtheWay forModernManufacturing The assessmentrevealed thatsignificantwork hadtobedonepreparethesite for In the1980s, MeridenRolling MillsIndustries, Inc.closeditsdoorsandabandoned [email protected] 803-896-4252 South CarolinaDepartmentofHealthandEnvironmentalControl Division ofSiteAssessmentandRemediation Karen Sprayberry clear thesite, remediateit,andmakeit bring togetheravariety ofpartnersto contamination, theCitywas ableto cleaning fluids. organic compounds, pesticides, and trichloroethene, metals, lead,volatile petroleum hydrocarbons, PCBs, more thanacenturyofmanufacturing: contaminated withtheresidueof square feetofbuildings, was heavily site, whichwas covered with180,000 for expansion.However, the10.75 acre existing facilityandagreatcandidate Site was adjacenttoTIAutomotive's facility. TheMeridenRolling Mills Despite thewidespread 003. Becauseofthesuccess val was financed mainly elopment UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 101 . DECD 00,000 of inducements. ts from this project and Dimple DeSai 860-270-8151 [email protected] Meriden and the state of Connecticut are seeing substantial benefi Meriden and the state of Connecticut that manufacturing operations demonstrated have Meriden and the State of Connecticut The new TI Automotive facility is a state-of-the-art 150,000 square foot building with a square foot building state-of-the-art 150,000 facility is a The new TI Automotive In addition to funding, Connecticut addressed TI Automotive's concerns about about concerns Automotive's TI addressed Connecticut funding, to addition In Of the $7 million in site cleanup costs, $6 million came from CDEP and the other from CDEP and $6 million came costs, million in site cleanup Of the $7 can survive and even thrive when modernization efforts are appropriately seeded — and that — seeded when modernization efforts are appropriately thrive and even can survive considerations. out in spite of brownfield this process can be successfully carried For more information, contact: the expansion. a $38 million total annual payroll, the plant is projected to have By 2009, their investments. income taxes and $10 and generate an additional $8 million in sales and workers, 900 employ the facility's pre-expansion levels. taxes over million in gross real and personal property than a year. The new TI Automotive plant cost $16.5 million to build, and $4.6 million to equip. equip. to million $4.6 and build, to million $16.5 cost plant Automotive TI new The year. a than investment. public and private in million 32.0 $ leveraged has project the Overall, 42 percent of the workers demographic diversity: force of 660, which represents Meriden's work almost double the number of new plant employs The are minorities and 39 percent are women. administration than before materials management and in R&D, molding and assembly, workers provided an additional $5.4 million for construction of the new building and purchasing new million for construction of the new an additional $5.4 provided additional $5 and Meriden contributed an machinery and equipment, was which letter, "covenant-not-to-sue" a with company the providing by liability contamination shovel and clean was site the Once site. the on expand to willingness company's the to critical less in completed was plant new the and 1996 early in Automotive TI to transferred was it ready, with $4.5 million from the DECD's Economic Development and Manufacturing Assistance Act Act Assistance and Manufacturing Development Economic the DECD's from $4.5 million with funding program. and cleanup. pre-demolition assessment CDEP for use on by retained was $1 million soil and groundwater paid for most of the Program Action Urban Sites Remedial Connecticut's use new manufacturing standards for the the remediation and established remediation 102

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Open Space the Colorado National Guardandanindustrial park. also reducingdemolitioncosts. Theremainingcomponents arebeingusedforanarmory park designincorporatesmany oftheplant'soldstructures, recognizingthesite's heritage, while wetlands, athleticfields, andawalking trailconnectingtheparktowildlife preserve. The which iscurrentlyunderconstruction. Another13acreswere devoted toarecreation parkwith vision forthesite. Several communitymeetingswere heldtohelpidentifyneighborhoodneedsanddevelop a and DepartmentofCommercefundingtodemolishthe remainingstructuresonthesite areas alongtheSouthPlatte. TheCityutilizedbrownfields pilotfundsforanassessment Platte River inDenver, Colorado,was abandonedin1984.Bythemid-1990s, thesitecameto development completewithopenspace, recreationalareas, andanurbanwildlifearea. transformed anabandoned,blighted,crime-ridden,sewage treatmentplantintoamulti-use With helpfromfederal,state, andcommunitypartners, theCityandCountyofDenver UsingOpenSpacetoFightCrime CO: DENVER, additional residentialandcommercialinvestment. year. Inaddition,morecommunitiesarefindingthattheamenityvalueofnewopenspaceisattracting M Half ofthesite's100 acreswere set asideasanurbanwildlifearea,includingHeronPond The NorthsideWastewater Treatment Plant,locatedinadisadvantaged areaalongthe becomes evenmorecriticalasnewdevelopmentseatupandgreenspaceevery through thecreationofnewopenspacepreservesorpublicgreenspace.Thisapproach any communitieshaveusedbrownfieldsasanopportunitytoenhancecommunitylivability shot out,automobileswere and mischief.Windows were hotbed forvandalism, crime, be known as"PirateIsland,"a site's industrialneighbors. area foreffortstoburglarizethe the facilitywas usedasastaging administration building),and and thefrontentranceto (including aluminumstairs of value intheplantwas stolen pushed intotheriver, anything a seriesofparksandrecreation citywide efforttodevelop for redevelopment aspartofa The Citytargetedtheplant .

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 103 ork . In 2000 and 2001, Phase II and 2001, . In 2000 enormous beauty and vitality to our city." to and vitality enormous beauty —Weiming Lu, Lower Phalen Creek Project Steering Committee Steering Project Phalen Creek Lu, Lower —Weiming Ned Burke Development Housing and Neighborhood 720-913-1555 [email protected] industrial area into a beautiful, clean park will add into industrial area "The transformation of this land from an abandoned an abandoned from of this land "The transformation The process to reuse the rail yard began in 1998 with a Phase I Environmental Assessment. The process to reuse the rail yard A community effort, called the Lower Phalen Creek Project, is working to reclaim the Phalen Creek Project, is working A community effort, called the Lower Residents of the St. Paul area are fortunate to have a rich variety of trails that weave of trails that weave a rich variety area are fortunate to have of the St. Paul Residents Spurred in part by the redevelopment of this site, the surrounding community is community the surrounding this site, of redevelopment the by in part Spurred the restoration plan would not have been possible. been possible. not have the restoration plan would This report identiﬁed likely pollution sources stemming from the historical usage of this area, which included primarily industrial and railroad activities site. conducted, further specifying the types and quantities of pollution on were investigations more than six years of planning, research, and fundraising, as well as the innovation of an as the innovation of planning, research, and fundraising, as well more than six years government environmental organizations, partnership. Twenty-ﬁve inspiring public private endless time and energy to the success of the devoted units and neighborhood groups have Phalen Creek Project has been key to foundations for the Lower project. Support from private of the sanctuary's revitalization. Without this support for the ongoing project the advancement of such key aspects as fundraising, the clean up and implementation management to oversee than residents of most other states and they are increasingly forgoing their cars to bike to w than residents of most other states and they are increasingly forgoing their to continue into the with no way tracks, in their stopped cyclists But the rail yard and play. area, or on to other trails. downtown Nature Sanctuary at and transform it into the new 27 acre Bruce Vento abandoned rail yard, are the culmination of and the planned trail extensions, Phalen Creek. The Sanctuary, Lower turns below the face of Dayton's Bluff. In this downtown area of the valley, where Phalen Creek area of the valley, Bluff. In this downtown the face of Dayton's turns below both urban bustle once sat, surrounded by rail yard once joined the Mississippi, an abandoned parks. and quiet riverfront were connected, because they the trails had never Yet throughout the outskirts of downtown. more bikes per capita Minnesotans own and a tangle of highways. this rail yard blocked by ST. PAUL, MN: Railyard Reclaimed to Complete Trail System Trail to Complete Reclaimed MN: Railyard PAUL, ST. and town the lower turns past Minnesota, the Mississippi River St. Paul, Just east of downtown Island neighborhoods and Bluff and Railroad past the Dayton's snakes its way areas, downtown For more information, contact: For more information, undergoing an economic resurgence. The construction of new commercial enterprises at commercial enterprises of new The construction an economic resurgence. undergoing the cleanup that of development the new wave of are demonstrative properties three nearby area, surrounding industrial centered in a predominantly has triggered. While of the site not This community has trails. of bike the site via a network access to easy have neighborhoods years. in many of redevelopment this level witnessed 104

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization of Swede Hollow Park, connecttotheMoundsPark/Great River Road Trail, andfeedintothe to extendtheBruceVento Regional Trail. The1.8mileextensionwillcontinuethetrailout contaminated soilsbeganin2003 withcompletionexpectedinfall2004. PAHs, anddieselrangeorganics. Sitecleanupandtestingtoconﬁrmadequateremoval of site testing.Chemicalsfoundduringthissoiltestinginclude:lead,mercury the Voluntary Petroleum Investigation andCleanup(VPIC)program.VICVPICrequiredon The propertywas entered in theState'sVoluntary Investigation andCleanup(VIC)program For moreinformation,contact: a testamenttowhatcanbeachieved withdedicatedpartnershipsandanopenmind. innovative watershed improvement project.Theeffortsandaccomplishmentsoftheprojectare Instead ofemptyspace, theneighborhoodisrewarded withgreenopenspaceandaremarkably en route, whichwilltransformtheneglectedrailyard thatwas oncethecenterofdowntown. families andchildrenfromSt.Paul andbeyond." Redevelopment Corporation."Thehistoryandnaturalcharmoftheareawillbeenjoyed by member oftheLower PhalenCreekProjectsteeringcommitteeandPresidentoftheLowertown beautiful, cleanparkwilladdenormousbeautyandvitalitytoourcity trail connection."Thetransformationofthislandfromanabandonedindustrialareaintoa building foundations, canbefoundaroundthesanctuaryandalongrouteofbicycle reauthorization bill. to obtainfundingfortheeffortasaHighPriorityProjectunderfederaltransportation The entireLower PhalenCreekProjectismoving forward inphases, theﬁrstofwhichis Residents aroundtheSt.Paul areaarefortunatetohave theLower PhalenCreek Project Remnants oftheland'sindustrialuse, includingahistoricrailroadbridgeandstone www.phalencreek.org [email protected] 715-483-1414 Lower PhalenCreekProject Amy Middleton currently seekingfundsforthis$4.5 The Lower PhalenCreekProjectis and itsassociatedtrailsystem. sanctuary totheMississippiRiver and bicycle bridgetoconnect the as well asbuildingapedestrian go throughtheSanctuaryitself, involves creatingatrailthatwill historic andnaturalareas. sanctuary, passinganumberof The trailwillwraparoundthenew Lowertown/ Downtown district. Betty McCollumhasbeenworking addition, MinnesotaRepresentative Surface Transportation Program.In million projectfromtheTEA-21 The secondphaseoftheproject ," saidWeiming Lu,a , arsenic,chromium, UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 105

Jacoby Development Inc. Development Jacoby elop the 138-acre site. AIG elop the 138-acre site. Smart Growth all within walking distance. distance. all within walking cost the area thousands of jobs, cost the area thousands of jobs, it also presented a tremendous The location of the opportunity. Atlanta 138-acre site in midtown and in close proximity to major transportation and transit routes made the site a prime location urban for a new smart growth the project. Today, development community is Station Atlantic that a model of smart growth its residents with multiple provides and play" work, options to "live,

he proliferation of abandoned, mothballed, or underutilized properties in our core urban areas mothballed, or underutilized he proliferation of abandoned, associated negative impacts on air development patterns and the has contributed to sprawling in the urban core, communities are taking By redeveloping brownfields sites and water quality. However, Atlantans seem to have a knack for making lemonade out of lemons. While a knack for making lemonade out of lemons. seem to have Atlantans However, Environmental provided cost overrun insurance for the remediation of the land and in 1999 cost overrun Environmental provided Jacoby Together, and investor. Corp. became a co-developer Estate Investment AIG Global Real plan Estate proposed a 12-million-square-foot, mixed-use redevelopment and AIG Global Real separated from the east side of midtown the site was However, site. Atlanta for the Midtown could Before the redevelopment a major highway. transit line by the MARTA and Atlanta acquired the property in 1997 with hopes to revitalize and redev the closure of the Atlantic Steel Mill in 1998 after nearly a century of producing "Dixisteel" Steel Mill in 1998 the closure of the Atlantic residents, the Atlanta metropolitan area is the fastest growing city in the Southeast. Atlanta is city in the Southeast. Atlanta metropolitan area is the fastest growing the Atlanta residents, the top 15 metropolitan areas in America, characterized also the least dense urbanized area of that is among the and traffic congestion density patterns of development low sprawling, by 2.5 million an additional With an expected increase in population by in the country. worst addressed to ensure a patterns must be development the sprawling people in the next 25 years, sustainable future. ATLANTA, GA: The Atlantic Station Project Makes GA: The Atlantic Station Project ATLANTA, Lemonade Out of Dixisteel since 1980 and accounts for more than half of Georgia's With a population that has doubled T communities, like Atlanta, GA, and Southeast Florida the first step toward reversing this trend. Some by building smart growth developments on brownfield sites. are taking it one step further, 106

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization transit system, MARTA. The goal of the agreement was to create a connection between the Atlantic and bridges for cars, pedestrians, bicycles, and buses to serve as essential links to Atlanta's mass protection." Under the agreement, development of the site would have to include interchanges strategies to test better cost-effective ways of achieving environmental and public health states and local governments, businesses and federal facilities to develop with EPA innovative transportation infrastructure. Project XL , "eXcellence and Leadership", is a program that "allows federal approval even iftheywere notfederallyfunded. use federalfundstoadditshighway system norconstructtransportationprojectsthatrequire compliance withfederaltransportationconformityrequirements, thestatewas notallowed to access tothesiteviaautomobileandpublictransit.Unfortunately move forward the17thStreetBridgeandinterstaterampshadtobebuiltprovide sufficient improvement costs. per year andwillallow the developers ofthesiteto sellbondstocover additionalproperty for propertyimprovements forthenext25years. TheTAD isexpected togenerate$35million financing overlay thatwillallow thepropertytaxesgeneratedby theredevelopment tobeused the CityofAtlanta approved theAtlantic SteelTax AllocationDistrict (TAD), ataxincrement defray thecostsofinfrastructureimprovements topreparethesiteforredevelopment, District. TheVillagewillconsistofretailshopsandcafes withresidentialunitsabo and fountainedlake, allwithinwalking distanceoftheretailandofficespacelocatedin with amixofapartmentbuildings, andlow-rise condominiumsbuiltaroundanewpark loft apartmentsabove retailshopsandrestaurants. TheCommonswillbeprimarilyresidential million squarefeetofofficespace, 150,000 squarefeetofloftofficespace, and 200 two story in March2004, willfeatureonemillionsquarefeetofopenairretailandentertainment, six areas, theDistrict,Commons, andtheVillage. The District,aportionofwhichopened mill sitewas finishedinDecember2001 whentheStateissueda"nofurtheraction"letter. controls toprevent futureexposuretocontamination.Remediation oftheformerAtlanta Steel controls; prevention ofgroundwater contaminationatothersites;andcreatinginstitutional controls andbarrierstoprevent exposuretosoilthatremainedon-site;surfacewater runoff removal ofmorethan9,000truckloadsimpactedsoils;constructionerosion/stormwater based siteassessmenttodeterminethelevel ofcleanupneededatthesite, whichincluded:the million plantoremediatethesite'sextensive contamination.Thedevelopers conductedarisk- Department ofNaturalResources EnvironmentalProtectionDivision(EPD)todevelop a$10- negative impacts on air and water quality. Station community and public transportation to reduce growth of traffic in Atlanta and its emissions impacts of the project compared to a similar to compared project similar a the of impacts emissions development in an outlying Greenfield area found that that area found Greenfield outlying an in development The EPA entered into a Project XL agreement with the developers, to address the ban on In 2000, constructionbegan.Theplanforthesitecallsittobedividedintothree The nexthurdlewas cleaning upthesite. Thedevelopers partneredwiththeGeorgia the the Atlantic Station resultredevelopmentAtlantic in the will the 34fewer traveledpercent miles vehicle (VMTs) and An EPA An transportationair the and analysis of up to up 45 fewer percent emissions. NOx , becauseAtlanta was outof ve. To help

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 107 ard Ho! s total population. It www.atlanticstation.com. www.atlanticstation.com. A number of successful community redevelopment efforts have received assistance from received efforts have A number of successful community redevelopment In an effort to accommodate future population growth without further compromising In an effort to accommodate future population growth More than 2 million people are expected to settle in the Eastward Ho! corridor over the Ho! corridor over to settle in the Eastward More than 2 million people are expected Bringing together local, state, regional, and federal agencies with private sector, non-profit sector, with private regional, and federal agencies Bringing together local, state, In addition to cleaning up a contaminated the site, reuse of this urban infill property and has brought new life to Miami’s blighted Wynwood neighborhood. Originally home to a blighted Wynwood has brought new life to Miami’s property had significant legal and environmental this five-acre laundry and dry cleaning facility, It had been the target of illegal dumping of a number of drums containing problems. of petroleum compounds material. Assessment of the site found detectable levels unknown contaminated with “bunker C” fuel oil. In addition to the environmental and groundwater initiative focuses on funneling people back into the urban areas of Southeast Florida. The initiative technical assistance and funding to local providing partnership is realizing this goal by information providing research, undertaking demonstration projects, conducting governments, to the public, and leading community workshops. that Project is one such endeavor Brownfield Ho! partnership. The Wynwood the Eastward which are rapidly shrinking as low density development continues to push westward. Such continues to push westward. density development which are rapidly shrinking as low in addition to comes at a cost to the local economy, automobile-dependent growth sprawling, projects in order to accommodate the environment. The state will face billion-dollar roadway the population increase. the Eastw or degrading the environment and economic sustainability of the region, Florida. This corridor includes forty percent (5.2 million) of Florida’ Florida. This corridor includes forty of downtowns Beach counties and includes the major and Palm Dade, runs through Broward, by Beach. While the entire region is not characterized Palm and West Lauderdale, Miami, Fort in the country. poverty it contains pockets of some of the most severe poverty, Everglades, influx poses a significant threat to the nearby This projected years. next 15 to 20 back to neglected areas, this partnership is targeting the approximately 2,100 brownfields sites brownfields the approximately 2,100 this partnership is targeting back to neglected areas, reuse of these sites will assist The remediation and sustainable that dot the urban landscape. and could result in more fragile ecosystem the Everglades’ in the protection and restoration of the next 25 years. for the region over than $6 billion in savings coastal strip of Southeastern 115-mile Ho! targets a Eastward and community organizations, Development to Urban Corridor Development to Urban Corridor that aims to revitalize is a regional collaboration Partnership Ho! Brownfields The Eastward pressure and urban effort to lessen development historic urban areas in an Southeast Florida’s 95 corridor which are of the Interstate lands to the west in environmentally sensitive sprawl on reducing market Focused supply. water and the region’s ecosystem critical to the Everglades and bringing economic activity growth, promoting smart to infill development, disincentives SOUTHEAST FLORIDA: Regional Coalition Seeks to Channel New Coalition Seeks to Channel Regional SOUTHEAST FLORIDA: using smart growth tools to revitalize this large urban brownfield Atlanta site, is investing in a sustainable future for the metropolitan region. visit For more information integration of other "smart growth" tools into the design of the Atlantic Station community will help air improve and water quality for all of metropolitan Atlanta. analysis An ofEPA the transportation and air emissions impacts of the project compared to a similar development in an outlying Greenfield area found that the the Atlantic Station redevelopment will result in 34 percent fewer vehicle miles and traveled (VMTs) up to 45 percent fewer NOx emissions. By 108

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization For moreinformation,contact: to Britishdevelopers andisslatedtobecomelive/work artiststudios. plant, providing 40much-neededjobsfortheneighborhood.Therestofsitehasbeensold completion oftheremediation,oneparcelpropertyhasbecomeanewMetroMixcement Site Rehabilitation Agreement”undertheFloridaBrownfields Redevelopment Act. Sincethe and theMiami-DadeCountyDepartmentofEnvironmentalResources M Miami-Dade CountyOversight Committee, FloridaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection, the MiamiBrownfields Task Force, Miami DepartmentofReal Estate&EconomicDevelopment, Eastward Ho!Brownfields Partnership, Atwater CapitalGroup,Congresswoman CarrieMeek, the propertyandmakeredevelopment financiallyfeasible, Miamicollaborated withthe assessment andremediationefforts. To resolve thelegalandtechnicalhurdlesassociatedwith brownfield. Threeyears laterthecityacquiredaFloridabrownfields granttoassist withthe Atwater acquiredthesitethroughbankruptcycourtandsignedfirst “Brownfields [email protected] 954-985–4416 South FloridaRegional PlanningCouncil Terry Manning assist intheredevelopment ofthe of Miamireceived anEPA grantto the community. In1996,theCity government, private business, and result ofastrongpartnershipbetween of theWynwood siteisprimarilya of $1million. creditor hadajudgmentlieninexcess years ofbacktaxeswere owed, anda was anIRSlienagainstit, several in aNevada bankruptcycourt, there challenges, thepropertywas tiedup The successfulrevitalization a nagement. UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 109 elopment werment Zone, the Zone, werment In early 1995, the City of Chicago Chicago of City the 1995, early In facility the down shut DOE Chicago The and took over ownership of the property property the of ownership over took and to million $9 spent then City The 1996. in variety a from funding with site the clean 108 Section HUD a including sources, of and settlements, legal from funding loan, were costs cleanup Additional funds. City other and concrete selling by recouped for others and firms recycling to materials transportation to do so. (DOE) Environment of Department Crushing Sacramento the that discovered of scope the exceeded far had Company construction a as permit operating its The company. recycling demolition and acre 17 its filled illegally had company with Chicago downtown of west just site waste construction of yards cubic 600,000 of some piles, foot-high 70 in debris and The ground. the into feet 15 sank which for Crushing Sacramento cited EPA Illinois solid a operating and developing illegally facility. treatment and storage waste

elds usually seek to develop a sustainable new use for the brownﬁelds usually seek to ommunities that redevelop have eld site. A few communities against the re-creation of a brownﬁ site that will help protect to minimize or eliminate the the environment one step further by seeking taken protection of

Green Buildings Green Kinzie Corridor. The building is one of only five buildings in the country to receive the U.S. the country to receive buildings in The building is one of only five Kinzie Corridor. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Dev Green Building Council's prestigious receive site to first municipal building and brownfields (LEED) Platinum rating. It is also the public building and only building accessible by as the only renovated as well the award, CHICAGO, IL: From Brownfield to Brightfield Brownfield IL: From CHICAGO, was the Chicago Center for Green Technology, buildings, One of the nation's premiere "green" dump in a federally designated Empo built in 1999 on the site of an illegal C Baltimore, Maryland and Chicago, Illinois represent impact of new developments on the environment. that are investing in green buildings, or buildings that are a rapidly growing number of communities and utilize recycled materials. quality, energy efficient, protect air and water 110

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization The buildinguses40percentlessenergythanacomparablysizedandrelieson Chicago GreenTechnology Centerandapremiere nationalmodelofgreenbuildingtechniques. building ratingsystem tohelppromoteandcatalyzetheuseofgreenbuildingtechnologies. healthy placestolive andwork." Amongotherthings, theCouncildeveloped theLEEDgreen established in1993to"promotebuildingsthatareenvironmentallyresponsible with theU.S.GreenBuildingCouncil'sLEEDstandards. TheGreenBuildingCouncilwas Institute ofArchitectsCommitteeontheEnvironmenttorenovate thebuildinginaccordance the Cityworked withtheU.S. DepartmentofEnergy'sBrightfields programandtheAmerican square footbuildingthatsatonthesite. Committedtopromotingtheuseofgreentechnology, use in a variety of construction projects, including the foundation for Chicago's Millennium Park. American InstituteofArchitects Top Ten GreenProjectsin2003. Phoenix award forExcellenceinBrownfield Redevelopment, andwas namedoneofthe 200 communitygroupseachyear throughworkshops andgardeningmaterials. with thepotentialtocreateanadditional200. Additionally, Greencorps Chicagoserves over company thatwas planningtoleave Chicagoaltogether. TheCenteritselfcreated38newjobs, Kinzie corridor. Inredeveloping thearea,Cityhasretained450 jobsfromaneighboring has partnered with the City to develop the "Greencorps" program. for WRD Environmental, a landscaping company that is focused on sustainable landscaping and materials, and employment, is headquartered at the Center. The facility also houses the offices a community landscaping and job training program that provides horticultural instruction, on museums, schools, and other public buildings. Chicago DOE's Greencorps Chicago program, the City has formed a partnership with Spire and Commonwealth Edison to install solar panels Center. Aspartofitsefforttogenerate20 percentofitselectricalpower fromalternative sources, corporation, whichproducesutility-interactive solarsystems, haslocateditsfactoryinthe stormwater flow intosewers by morethan50 percent. into thesoil,ratherthanpublicsewer system. Together thesefeaturesreducethe Finally, unlikemosturbanbuildings, rainthatflows throughtheCenter'sdownspouts empties at thesite. Reusing thestormwater forlandscaping alsohelpsreducethefacility'swater usage. much oftheremainingstormwater iscollectedinoneoffourcisternsforuselandscaping membrane. Succulent plant species on the roof absorb a significant portion of the rainwater and planting thatreducesthecoolingloadofbuilding,whileprotectingroof'sw Center iscovered witha"greenroof"system consistingofthreeinchesasedum-based into publicsewers andeventually lakesandstreams. MuchoftheroofatGreenTechnology lots, andotherimpervioussurfaces, picking-upcontaminantsalongtheway, andwashing them urban stormwater runoff.Inmany urbanareas, stormwater rollsover roofs, sidewalks, parking flooring madefromscrapcorkandbathroomtilesmanufacturedrecy percent ofthematerialsusedinbuildingrehabilitationarerecy that detectsthelevel ofnatural lightandadjuststhelevel ofelectriclightaccordingly. Over 40 windows forbothlightandheating.Thefacilityisalsoequippedwithasmartlightingsystem The buildingdependssignificantlyondaylight provided by large, double-paned,insulating energy isprovided by solarpanelsontheroof,awnings andinalotbehind thebuilding. renewable energyforheating, cooling,andelectricity. Inaddition,20 percentofthebuilding's Based ontheLEEDstandards, ChicagoturnedtheSacramentoCrushingbuildinginto Once remediationwas complete, ChicagoDOEfocuseditseffortsonrenovating the34,000 In additiontoearningtheLEEDPlatinumaward, thebuildingalsowon theprestigious The GreenTechnology Centerhashelpedstimulatetheredevelopment ofthedistressed The GreenTechnology Center'stenantsarealsoenvironmentallyfriendly. TheSpireSolar The buildingalsohelpsprevent contaminationofnearby lakesandstreamsby limiting cled orreused,including cled aviation glass. , profitableand aterproof UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 111 yed yed ywater, which is ywater,

, such as a 10,000 gallon gallon , such as a 10,000

into a state-of-the-art green building. green a state-of-the-art into Chicago Brownfields Initiative Initiative Chicago Brownfields 312-744-7606 [email protected] Kimberly Worthington Kimberly of Environment Chicago Department Like many sites incorporating an innovative approach, the developers of Montgomery Park of Montgomery Park approach, the developers sites incorporating an innovative Like many The complex also boasts a number of other green building features The developer, Sam Himmelrich, chose to renovate the building and incorporate a number the building and incorporate Sam Himmelrich, chose to renovate The developer, The art deco building, which was built in 1925, was Baltimore's largest mercantile building Baltimore's was built in 1925, The art deco building, which was This project converted an 80 year-old historic structure structure historic year-old an 80 converted This project with sensors, which dim the artificial light if there is enough sunlight. with sensors, project million renovation funding sources to pull the $100 used a blend of public and private included: These together. extra space rainwater collection tank on the roof for toilet flushing, and operable windows to windows and operable collection tank on the roof for toilet flushing, extra space rainwater reused, with glass were Existing windows when this makes sense. natural air flow for allow 63 thermal performance by improved panes replaced with new insulated glass that have of natural light while percent. The new glass is specially coated to maximize the transmission gra limiting the admission of heat into the building. The air conditioning uses the building's lights are equipped Finally, frozen at night when the demand for energy is lower. foot green roof that will reduce storm water and nutrient runoff into the nearby Gwynns Falls Falls Gwynns and nutrient runoff into the nearby foot green roof that will reduce storm water roof surface It also reduces the overall to 75 percent each year. an estimated 50 by watershed The roof, which up to 40 degrees. Business Center by temperature of the Montgomery Park a $92,000 grant funded by was soil, insulation, and geo-textile layers, consists of vegetation, from the EPA. approximately $2 million. at and other materials existing glass, concrete, tiles, He recycled of "green building" concepts. square with a 30,000 on the roof cover In addition, he replaced an impervious surface the site. and has been placed on the national register of historic places for the role the building pla and has been placed on the national in 1985 when it eliminated closed the building Montgomery Ward in the catalog business. purchased for deteriorated until it was The property gradually its mail order business. common to its era of contaminants that were The structure had the types of redevelopment. The site also petroleum, and PCBs. asbestos, interior and exterior lead paint, — construction The estimated cost of cleanup was had to be removed. had six underground storage tanks that For over 15 years, the former east coast catalog distribution center for the Montgomery Ward for the Montgomery Ward east coast catalog distribution center the former 15 years, over For contributing to the Baltimore, sat idle on 26 acres in southwest department store company Business Park has been transformed into the Montgomery it Today, of the area. economic decay rated "green" building Environmental Design (LEED) gold a Leadership in Energy and Center, Zone. Baltimore Empowerment that is helping to revitalize the West BALTIMORE, MD: Recycling a National Landmark into the a National Landmark MD: Recycling BALTIMORE, Center Business Montgomery Park For more information, contact: more information, For 112

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ For moreinformation,contact: Montgomery Park was awarded the2003 Phoenix Awards nationalgrandprize. industrial site. Becauseofitsimpactonthecommunityanduniqueenvironmentalfeatures, development projectsandtheCityhasdeveloped amasterplanforthenearby CarrollCamden dramatically. Private developers have beguntoinvest innearby housingandcommercial neighborhood. Sincetheprojectwas completedtheeconomicviabilityofareahasincreased positions forlow andsemi-skilledworkers. of 3,500 to5,000projected.Itisexpectedthattenpercentofthesejobswillbeentry-level Lottery; andFirstHealth.1,800peoplecurrentlywork atMontgomeryPark, withaworkforce Group, afinancialservicesfirm;theMarylandDepartmentofEnvironment; of thespaceinwhatisnow thelargestofficebuildinginBaltimore. Tenants includetheNCO green building.To date, 540,000squarefeetofspaceareleased.Thisrepresents40percent into theproject and $13.66millioninfederaltaxcredits. Thedevelopment partnersput$1millioninequity National Register ofHistoricplaces, thedevelopers received $13.87millioninstatetaxcredits improvements. BecausethebuildingislocatedinanEmpowerment Zoneandisonthe $2millionthroughtheMarylandDepartmentofBusinessandEconomicDevelopment $1millionfromtheLubertAdler Real EstateFund;and $4.5millioningrantsfromtheEmpower BaltimoreManagementCorporation; a$1millionHUDBrownfields EconomicDevelopment Initiative (BEDI)grant,thatwas an$8millionHUDSection108 loanguarantee, inconjunctionwiththeCityofBaltimore; a$29millionconstructionloanfromCitibank; Brownfields Revitalization Incentive Program. used asaninterestreserve for the108-backed loan; In addition,nearly$2millioncamefromtenantsthroughreimbursementsfor Montgomery Park hasalsoproven tobeatruerevitalizationcatalyst foritsBaltimore In theend,thisprojectconverted an80year-old historicstructureintoastate-of-the-art [email protected] 410-837-9305 Baltimore DevelopmentCorp. Evans Paull

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 115

to Achieve Success at Superfund & RCRA Sites Superfund & RCRA Sites Using Brownﬁeld Strategies Using Brownﬁeld Strategies 116

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization as a Superfund site in 1983. Through hard work and cooperation between the local community, heavy metals into the air, soil, and ground water, the Anaconda Smelter in Montana was listed After nearly a century's worth of copper processing that released dangerous concentrations of into World Class GolfCourse ANACONDA, MT: JackNicklausHelpsTransform SuperfundSite gained by alsofocusingonreuse. Anaconda, MT, NewCastleCounty, DE,andMuskegonHeights have demonstrated,alotcanbe cleanup andlong-termsustainablereuseofthesesites. seeks tocapitalizeontheredevelopment ofpotentialRCRA brownfields toachieve successful contamination, liability, andRCRA requirements. TheRCRA Brownfields Prevention Initiative redevelopment ofthatsiteisslowed duetorealorperceived concernsaboutactualorpotential RCRA facilitythatisnotinfulluse, wherethereisredevelopment potential,andwherereuseor encouraging thereuseofpotentialRCRA brownfields, namely, aRCRA facility, oraportionof use sitesfollowing cleanup. consistent withlikelyfutureuse. Thisgives communitiesthebestopportunitytoproductively plan forthetimewhensitesarereturnedtouse, andtakingstepstomakeitsremedies But atthesametime, theAgencyisworking withcommunitiesandotherpartnerstohelpthem priority isalways tomakesurethatitscleanupsprotecthumanhealthandtheenvironment. EPA canintegrateplansforfutureuseofthelandintocleanupremedyprocess. EPA's first to formarealisticconceptoflikelyfutureuseforsiteatanearlystageinthecleanupcy sites have thetoolsandinformationtheyneedtoplanforreuse. Whencommunitiesareable by makingsurethatlocalofficials, partnersandstakeholdersincommunities nearSuperfund Redevelopment Initiative, tohelpcommunities returntheseSuperfundsitestoproductive use cleanup regulationsoftheResource Conservation andRecovery Act (RCRA). and development oncurrently-operatingsitesthataresubjecttothewaste handlingand Brownfields Prevention Initiative" thathelpsresolve contaminationissuestospurexpansion already beingreused,orareinplanningforreturntouse. Likewise, EPA haslauncheda"RCRA and reuseasproductive assetsbenefiting local communities. More than300 ofthemare National PrioritiesList.Nearlyallofthesesiteshave atleastsomepotentialforrevitalization and mostheavily contaminated sites, generallyreferredtoasSuperfundsites, on theSuperfund brownfields revitalizationmodel.For example, EPA haslistedover 1,200 ofthenation'slargest M The overwhelming focusatSuperfundandRCRA sitesiscleaningupcontamination,butas EPA's RCRA Brownfields Prevention Initiative was launchedinJune1998,withthegoalof In 1999,EPA inauguratedacoordinatednationaleffort,calledtheSuperfund recognize theimportanceofreturningtheselandstoproductive use, usingthe authorities grantedby Congress. Increasingly, inrecentyears, EPA hascometo any kindsofdegradedlands otherthanbrownfields areregulatedby EPA, under cle, UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 117 00 , the Anaconda , the Anaconda To design To the golf course, ARCO turned the flowing golfers fairways, are graced with vegetation. A state-of-the-art irrigation vegetation. also installed to ensure that no was system site. further contamination occurred on the Concerned citizens of Anaconda tracked studies through and EPA's the cleanup work a technical assistance grant from EPA. in the also involved Anaconda citizens were Master Plan that creation of a Comprehensive guidance for accommodating future provided on and around the Anaconda development Smelter site. to golf legend Jack Nicklaus, who had already designed courses on landfills in Michigan and fieldslava in Hawaii. Nicklaus took advantage of the area's spectacular mountain vistas and incorporated many of the unique historic characteristics of the former smelting site, including flue and oven remains. The Oldcourse Works is speckled with ebony bunkers that are filled with more than 14,000 cubic yards of inert smelting slag ground to the texture of sand. From The Old Works Golf Course opened to the public in May 1997 and has brought new life Golf Course opened to the public in May The Old Works To implement the cleanup and redevelopment plan, EPA developed an enforcement order an enforcement developed plan, EPA implement the cleanup and redevelopment To In an effort to prevent Anaconda from suffering the economic collapse experienced by so collapse experienced by from suffering the economic Anaconda In an effort to prevent Nestled in the foothills of Montana's Anaconda-Pintler Mountain range Mountain Anaconda-Pintler the foothills of Montana's Nestled in around the golf course. The cleanup and support this once-mining town. and recreation now to Anaconda. Tourism long-term jobs, temporary and 120 of the Anaconda Smelter site created 30 redevelopment views of the massive, 585-foot smokestack, which stands as a lingering reminder of the area's industrial past. Hikers can enjoy similar views from the historic hiking trail that winds its way focus for the construction of a world class golf course and educational nature trail. class golf focus for the construction of a world the area designated for the golf contractors covered supervision, ARCO Under EPA with ARCO. inches of soil to support the golf course's 18 to 20 and limestone cap and course with thick clay many mining towns, EPA partnered with ARCO (the CERCLA potentially responsible party) potentially responsible (the CERCLA partnered with ARCO EPA mining towns, many only protected people a cleanup plan that not community to develop and the Anaconda for site's historical significance and allowed the and the environment, but also preserved cleanup units. divided the site into 20 EPA Due to the large size of the property, redevelopment. became the Area, Anaconda Development Old Works/East the 1,500-acre One of the units, rst began copper smelting operations in 1884. The 5,000-acre facility quickly rose to operations in 1884. The 5,000-acre Smelter first began copper smelting doors production. When it closed its due to its astonishing annual copper national prominence economy. the local and devastated left thousands of people unemployed in 1980, the smelter legacy of more than 3 operation also left behind an environmental The copper processing process), flue of the smelting slag (a by-product tailings, of contaminated million cubic yards dust, and soil. site owner Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO), State and Federal Agencies, and golf legend legend golf and Agencies, Federal and State (ARCO), Company Richfield Atlantic owner site golf award-winning an into transformed been has property contaminated this Nicklaus, Jack economy local the injected has project redevelopment and cleanup This trail. hiking and course 120 created and taxes, sales and income additional with state the provided revenue, new with income. annual total in $480,000 than more generate which jobs full-time permanent, 118

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization residents andvisitors. an uglyeyesore andSuperfund siteisnow arecreationalandnaturalhaven forbothlocal Thanks toastrongpartnershipbetween EPA, ARCO, andthelocalcommunity, whatwas once as adumpinggroundby the smeltingoperation,now hostsahealthy population oftrout. features native grassesand morethan600newtrees. Nearby Warm SpringsCreek,onceutilized continuing restorationofthemine-scarredlandscape. For instance, theOldWorks golfcourse currently underconstruction.Likewise, therenewed interestintheareahaspromoted the property values, andlocalbusinessinvestments. A$6millionluxuryresortisonesuchventure praised by GolfDigestasbeing "world class," hasattractedtouristsfromacross thecountry. which have broughtaboutremarkableeconomicbenefits. Thegolfcourse, whichhasbeen 52 drumsofvolatile andsemi-volatile organiccompounds. Thesedrumswere transportedto cap, whichwas completedinlate1993.Duringthisconstruction period,Sevenson unearthed Management. Sevenson EnvironmentalServices, Inc.oversaw theconstructionof60-acre including BPAmerica,Chrysler, DuPont, GeneralMotors, ICIAmericas, Hercules, andWaste the remediationproject,EPA enteredintoaMixed-fundingConsentDecreewith 18PRPs, water supplylinestoresidentsinLlangollenEstates. landfills andthepublicwater supplywells. TheCountyalsofinancedtheextensionofArtesian's the owner oftheblightedproperty, installed aseriesofgroundwater recovery wells between the minimize theimmediatethreattohumanhealthand the environment,NewCastleCounty The wetland anduplandareawas alsohometoavariety ofterrestrialandaquaticspecies. To within onemileofthelandfillsiteandanadditional130,000 peoplelived withinthreemiles. supply well fieldonlyone-halfmilefromthelandfillsite. nearby Army Creek.Further, theArtesian Water Company maintainedapublicdrinkingwater the groundwater. Highconcentrationsofcontaminantswere alsofoundinthesurfacewater of migrating fromthelandfill.Harmfullevels oforganicandinorganiccompoundswere foundin investigation oftheunderlyingUpperPotomac aquiferidentifiedaplumeofchemicals a residentialwell locatedintheadjacentLlangollenEstateshousingdevelopment. Subsequent aquatic wildlifespecies. property hasbeentransformedintoavibrantwildlifereserve forvarious native terrestrialand responsible parties(PRPs)andlocal,state, andfederalgovernment agencies, thiscontaminated tributary oftheDelaware River. Thankstoauniqueagreementbetween the18potentially into thesoilandgroundwater, contaminatingnearby residentialwells andArmy Creek,a buried waste. Thisinundationleachedharmfulamountsoforganicandinorganicchemicals waste. Duringtherainy seasons, groundwater periodically roseabove nearly30 percentofthe and 1968forthedisposalofapproximately2millioncubicyards ofmunicipalandindustrial abandoned sandandgravel quarry, the60-acrepropertyoperatedasalandfillbetween 1960 The Army CreekLandfillwas addedtotheSuperfundNationalPrioritiesList(NPL)in1983.An Environmental Treasure NEW CASTLECOUNTY, DE:EnvironmentalThreatBecomes For moreinformation,contact: This influxofvisitorshashadanimmediateandpositive impactonannualrevenue, The finalcleanupdecisionentailedsealingthelandfillwithamulti-layer cap.To finance At thetimegroundwater contaminationwas discovered, approximately3,370 peoplelived Groundwater contaminationfromtheArmy CreekLandfillwas firstdiscovered in1971 in [email protected] 703-603-8864 US EPA Melissa Friedland , UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 119 native terrestrial and aquatic wildlife species. wildlife aquatic and terrestrial native [email protected] Melissa Friedland U.S. EPA 703-603-8864 Thanks to these efforts by the PRPs and the local, state and federal government agencies, a agencies, state and federal government the PRPs and the local, Thanks to these efforts by As remediation progressed at the landfill property, EPA began to realize the potential began to realize EPA at the landfill property, progressed As remediation government agencies, this contaminated property has has property contaminated this agencies, government responsible parties (PRPs) and local, state, and federal federal and state, local, and (PRPs) parties responsible Thanks to a unique agreement between the 18 potentially potentially 18 the between agreement unique a to Thanks been transformed into a vibrant wildlife reserve for various various for reserve wildlife vibrant a into transformed been issued a closure certification for active units in August 1995, but the site was a low priority for a low 1995, but the site was units in August issued a closure certification for active Pilot, Prevention Brownfields selected as a RCRA action. In 1999, the site was State corrective the City through the with the ultimate goal of contributing to the economic revitalization of of brownfields. cleanup and redevelopment MUSKEGON HEIGHTS, MI: From RCRA to Residential MUSKEGON HEIGHTS, MI: From treatment plant the City of Muskegon Heights operated a municipal wastewater years, 50 For to leased Michigan, until 1974, when it was at the Safety-Kleen facility in Muskegon Heights, The original lessee that treated electroplating wastes. treatment company a hazardous waste DEQ the latest being Safety-Kleen. Michigan a series of other companies, has been acquired by emergent wetlands adjacent to Army Creek. This restoration included the removal of invasive of invasive included the removal Creek. This restoration adjacent to Army emergent wetlands vegetation. wetland of the native which had choked out much phragmites plants, and birds. animals, plants, native a sanctuary for Delaware's is now once-contaminated eyesore For more information, contact: terrestrial creatures would have shelter and food throughout the year. EPA addressed flood EPA year. shelter and food throughout the have terrestrial creatures would discharge locations for the recovered modifying the on-site lying areas by problems in low erosion prevent The wetlands wetlands. in order to create standing and treated groundwater and animals, species of plants, a habitat for numerous runoff, and provide and surface water restoration of the 225 acres of instructed the County to arrange for the In addition, EPA birds. trustees, EPA decided to convert the site into a greatly needed habitat for native plants and needed habitat for native the site into a greatly decided to convert EPA trustees, Division of Service and the Delaware with the US Fish and Wildlife collaborated EPA wildlife. small animals, birds, migratory provide create a managed refuge that would Fish and Wildlife to attract wildlife back to the Army To and grow. breed place in which to live, and plants with a that birds and created so schedule was planted and a mowing was vegetation native Creek site, hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. A water treatment facility was also also was facility treatment A water facilities. disposal and storage, treatment, waste hazardous from the recovery pumped ground water to treat contaminated on the property constructed until will continue activities recovery Creek. Groundwater to Army prior to it's discharge wells boundary. at the property standards are met the cleanup natural resources options with local After discussing use. the site to productive of returning 120

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization residential homesandarecreationarea.Theproposedhousingrecreationalareaareneeded pursue corrective action. is tocreateamodelforotherowners andoperatorsofRCRA facilitiesonhow tovoluntarily Understanding (MOU)between Region 5andtheStateofMichigan.Another proposedgoal ﬁrst opportunitiestoapplythevoluntary corrective actionconceptsintheMemorandumof a RCRA Brownﬁelds Prevention Pilotoversight team.Thisprojectwillprovide oneofthe concerns. MichiganisaRCRA-authorized stateandhasdesignatedastaffperson toserve on implementation; andobtainacomfortletterfromEPA tohelpresolve purchaser liability federal, state, andlocalstakeholders;negotiateaconsentagreementforcorrective action unknown. AsaPilot,Muskegon Heightsseekstodevelop acorrective actionstrategy between For moreinformation,contact: proposal, andresourcesfordemolitionwillbeleveraged fromthestate. rate istenpercentandthepoverty rateis33percent.TheCityfullysupportstheredevelopment to attractmiddleincomefamiliesbackthisurbancommunity, wheretheunemployment The Cityhasbeenapproachedby adeveloper topurchasethepropertyandconstruct At thepresenttime, theriskstohumanhealthandenvironmentposedby thesiteare 312-886-8097 EPA Region 5 Ann Wentz 231-733-1175 Muskegon Heights Melvin Burns,II

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 123 Keys to Brownﬁelds Success Keys 124

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ ◗ ◗ conferences todemonstratetheirleadership.For example: also bringtheprivate sectortothetable, lobby for funding,testifyinCongress, andspeakat developing thepartnerships, andobtainingtheresourcesneededforasuccessfulprogram.They officials. Theseoffi cials areessentialtoproviding thevision,buildingcommunitysupport, official, thenation's topbrownfi elds programsallreceive leadershipfromhigh-rankinglocal Whether fromtheMayor, CityCouncil,Manager, CountySupervisororatopagency Leadership fromTop LocalOffi cials programs. Alocalbrownfields teamshouldincludethefollowing. expiration ofEPA brownfields grantfundingorotherstart-upthatlaunchedthese team helpsensurethatthecommunity'sbrownfields initiatives are sustainedbeyond the environmental, economicandsocialchallenges. Inaddition,theestablishmentofright can alsobringtogetherthecross-disciplinaryskillsnecessarytoaddressthesecomplex sites overcome thetoughbarrierstobrownfields redevelopment. Alocalbrownfi elds team rounded localgovernment teamforbrownfields canhelptheprospective end-usersofthese champion, andacross-sectorteamofpublicprivate supporters. have setupbrownfields teamsthatincludeprominent localleaders, a brownfi elds staff B  key, by usingthese"10 Keys toBrownfields Success." worked. Any localitycanunlockcommunityandeconomicpotentialwithanenvironmental site isunique, therearecommonelementstothebrownfields programsandprojectsthathave T Tom Suozzi,theformerMayor ofGlenCove, NewYork whowas recentlyelectedasCounty ChicagoMayor RichardDaleyhascommittedmorethan$70 milliontoestablishan Mayor DanMalloy ofStamford,Connecticuthasmade therevitalizationofhisCity'sMill rownfields successisaboutpeople. Localities mostsuccessfulinbrownfields revitalization Field aStrongBrownfi elds Team withLeadership fromtheTop and otherpriorities thatarecomponents ofhisrevitalizationplans funding forland acquisition,transportation, affordablehousing,green on brownfields, Mayor Malloy hasleveraged morethan$50 millioninstateandfederal River Corridorhistopeconomicdevelopment priority. Bybecominganationalspokesman program fortheentireCounty. waterfront histopcommunitypriority. He isnow implementingan ambitious brownfields Executive forNassauCounty, madetherevitalization ofthebrownfields onGlen Cove's and industrialredevelopment. aggressive localprogramthatacquiresandpreparesbrownfields propertiesforcommercial cleanup andreuseofthesechallengingproperties. Althoughevery communityandevery communities acrossAmerica,have demonstratedanumberofsuccessfulstrategiesfor he decadeofprogressinbrownfields revitalization,andtheeffortsofhundreds . Theuseofawell way development, UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 125

ts This interagency approach is key to brownfields success, because bureaucracy at the success, This interagency approach is key to brownfields benefi It is important to emphasize that interagency coordination can yield important — teams comprised of local, state, and federal representatives — that ironed out key issues, that ironed out key issues, — and federal representatives comprised of local, state, teams — the multiple regulatory issues connected with facilitated decision making, and coordinated projects. brownfields depending on the specific project. a formal to develop from nine city departments, consisting of representatives Force, Task in Phoenix. City sector the private by redevelopment program to encourage brownfields the program with funding from the establishment of Council also unanimously approved City's general funds and bond budgets. officials from the departments of Planning and Development, Environment, Management of Planning and Development, officials from the departments the lead in identifying the takes Planning and Development and Law. and Budget (OMB) sites are properly assessed Environment makes sure the deals. priority sites and negotiating makes sure the deals can and secure funding. Law and cleaned up. OMB helps identify and Buildings are often involved, of Transportation happen. In addition, the departments interagency task forces establishing two tackled this problem by Massachusetts Lawrence, Brownfields The City Manager's office in Phoenix, Arizona established an interdepartmental a team of senior a point person who helps coordinate Office has Mayor's In Chicago, the Most successful programs devote some local staff to implementing their brownfields programs. programs. some local staff to implementing their brownfields Most successful programs devote at least one full time point person (usually Phoenix, and Nashville have City, like Kansas Many, their Coordinator") assigned to spend all of Program Manager" or "Brownfields a "Brownfields staff that several like Chicago, have time and energy leading and coordinating the effort. Others, projects. substantial time to brownfields team, and each devotes are part of the brownfields has been replicated in small cities, like in the Southwest Municipal Conference consortium in Municipal Conference consortium like in the Southwest has been replicated in small cities, joined forces to identify communities have officials from several There, Illinois. Cook County, and from around the state who they can call the county, experts from within the different cities, situations arise. in when specific brownfield Local Brownfields Staff that don't require any cash outlay by the city. In several cases, streamlining interagency streamlining cases, In several the city. by cash outlay that don't require any It jurisdictions and oversight. in administrative critical in resolving overlaps coordination was Cities like Dallas and Detroit time. valuable and the developer the city staff resources, saved departments like approach, pulling people from different Team" "SWAT used a brownfield have unit. They can quickly deal with all types into a single brownfield planning and public works this kind of approach reuse project. Moreover, of situations that can come up in a brownfield local level can kill brownfields projects. Many brownfield projects are burdened by high by projects are burdened brownfield Many projects. can kill brownfields local level a situation that is — time frames drawn-out long, by assessment and remediation costs and interagency team can An are involved. agencies only exacerbated when multiple government barriers. these brownfields parties to help avoid promote one-stop-shopping for brownfields ◗ ◗ ◗ for property owners and developers interested in redeveloping brownfields. There are a number brownfields. interested in redeveloping and developers for property owners at least the participation from but virtually all have for interagency teams, of different models and legal environmental, planning, finance, office and the economic development, Mayor's public health, housing, buildings public works, local parks, also include the Many departments. example: For departments. and transportation Interagency Team Interagency which serve teams, local interagency established have programs brownfields Most successful areas of expertise different skills and agencies bring the Different functions. valuable several can create the locality involved, agencies all of the relevant By having for revitalization. required with the its credibility enhance thereby process and development in the greater predictability of entry points a variety agencies provides participation of multiple the Moreover, sector. private 126

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization finance offices. of theport'smarinefacilitiesaswell asstafffromlegal,engineering,environmental,and redevelopment project.This team,whichworked outofoneofficelocation,includedmembers under oneleadmanageragroupofstaffmemberswhowere dedicatedtotheSouthwest Harbor redevelopment work — acting asa"brownfields broker." Similarly, thePort ofSeattleassembled such aframework. TheWRA acquiresproperties, coordinatesremediation,andfacilitatessite The Worcester Redevelopment Authority (WRA)inWorcester, Massachusettsisanexampleof nightmare. Allagreethatestablishinga myriad players fromarangeofdepartmentsmustbecoordinated,creatingan administrative namely, that no single office or entity is responsible for overseeing brownfields projects. Instead, opportunities, ratherthanplacestoavoid andforgetabout. of blightinparticularneighborhoods — brownfields shouldbeviewed asplacesforthese creation ofparksandrecreational spaces, therenewal ofalocalwaterfront, orthereverse priorities suchasaffordable housing,theattractionofretailandcommercialbusinesses and revitalizationpriorities. challenge, andconnecttheir brownfields initiatives tothe broadercommunity vision as communityandeconomicopportunitiesthathappen tohave anenvironmental Communities willsucceedinbrownfields revitalizationwhen they considerthese properties  Further Resources: citiesandtowns.org/content/member_resources/environment_DHT.htm. the Indiana Association of Cities and Towns, Environmental Circuit Riders program at www. personnel who can then act as "brownfield circuit riders" among various communities. See, assessment grants). In some regions, localities have joined together to fund and share technical with experience in local brownfields revitalization (and, this could potentially be funded by EPA areas with a more limited number of brownfields, the locality can contract technical expertise projects, this expertise can be brought in house onto the local staff. In smaller communities or a brownfields project. In larger localities with greater resources and a number of brownfields revitalization. This approach can save time, money and uncertainty for the parties involved in permitting and other key issues, a community can facilitate both public and private sector issues. With local technical expertise in assessment, cleanup, redevelopment planning, funding, The best local brownfields teams will make use of people with technical expertise in brownfields Technical expertise specific brownfield redevelopment projects are already underway since the effort began in 1998. economic development across a region that includes four counties and 15 cities and towns. Four Commission, and other funding to organize a regional plan to revitalize brownfields and spark Sky Regional Council used EPA, Economic Development Administration, Appalachian Regional economic development agencies. For example, in the Asheville, North Carolina area, the Land-of- all of the participating towns. Such staff could also be funded through regional planning and number of small communities could join together to hire expert staff assistance to work with brownfields can explore collaborative approaches with other communities. For instance, a

Connect BrownfieldswithCommunityRevitalization Priorities Small and rural communities that may not have the resources to dedicate local staff to Dedicated brownfields staff canalsohelpovercome acommonproblemformost localities, County ManagementAssociation&theNortheast-Midwest Institute(2001) Brownfields Blueprints:AStudyoftheShowcaseCommunitiesInitiative,InternationalCity/ Charles Bartsch,Northeast-MidwestInstitute(1997) Lessons fromtheField:UnlockingEconomicPotential withanEnvironmental Key, by Ifthecitizensandleadership ofthecommunityhave identified single entityforoversight ofbrownfield initiatives iskey. , the e.g.

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 127 wnfields wing: Brownfields Performance Evaluation Evaluation Performance Brownfields , by the International Economic Development Council, found that every dollar of Council, found that every Economic Development the International , by Many localities have missed out on the potential for brownfields revitalization because out on the potential for brownfields missed have localities Many

Other examples of communities that have effectively used brownfields as a tool to enhance as a tool to enhance used brownfields effectively have Other examples of communities that The City of Stamford, Connecticut is an excellent example of a locality that has used Connecticut is an excellent example The City of Stamford, A community that considers a brownfield in terms of the community's economic, real real economic, of the community's in terms a brownfield that considers A community resources in the brownfields challenge, by showing economic development partners that economic development showing by challenge, resources in the brownfields revitalization can yield major returns through increased in brownfields invested dollar every and job creation. The enhanced tax base, property values, Report local community in terms of economic development, urban renewal and beautification, urban renewal local community in terms of economic development, land use or other revitalization infill housing, historic preservation, infrastructure upgrades, initiatives. communities are rediscovering the value of their waterfronts and conducting major and conducting of their waterfronts the value communities are rediscovering once home to the industries of the past. areas that were revitalization of these underutilized of style and affordability. in terms a wide range of urban housing options, provide help leverage substantial federal and state funding for light rail, transit centers, and roads for light rail, transit centers, substantial federal and state funding help leverage communities. essential to the revitalization of their support for these efforts. substantial programs and leveraged their brownfields stations, dry cleaners, and other blighted properties that are impacting the City's most and other blighted properties that dry cleaners, stations, neighborhoods. disadvantaged City residents. jobs for high wage industrial business that will provide programs and economic development Engaging local, state and federal government into the larger vision and goals of the Fitting the environmental challenges of brownfields and numerous other Iowa Alto California, Des Moines, East Palo New York, Glen Cove, strategies with their efforts to integrated their brownfields have Salt Lake City and Portland programs to and Bridgeport, Connecticut are using their brownfields Utah Salt Lake City, into greenways of riverfront integrated the development City have and Kansas Providence strategy is focused on attracting new commercial and Minnesota's brownfields St. Paul, gas old warehouses, strategy focuses on redeveloping Oregon's brownfields Portland, ◗ brownfields to their broader revitalization priorities and opportunities by: brownfields ◗ they have considered these properties only as polluted sites, or even perceived them as potential perceived or even considered these properties only as polluted sites, they have sites that have of the brownfields in at least one-third However, Superfund-type problems. no contamination at all. In most funding, there was brownfields using EPA been investigated when to be manageable, contamination, it has typically proved cases where there is brownfield can connect put into the larger context of a community revitalization project. Communities ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ investment. Rather than shirk Stamford's contaminated brownfields, Stamford has considered brownfields, than shirk Stamford's contaminated Rather investment. aspect of these the brownfields estate for revitalization, and used as prime real its brownfields sector. private and the funding and support from government sites to obtain substantial priorities include the follo their ongoing community revitalization ◗ success. Under this revitalization approach, local communities can fit the challenge of can fit approach, local communities Under this revitalization success. challenge. that help overcome that can into a larger framework environmental contamination to expand — goals larger community revitalization to achieve as an opportunity brownfields waterfront River the Long Island Sound and Mill restore its public transit infrastructure, and attract business new market rate and affordable housing, create for public enjoyment, estate and community revitalization potential — rather than only as a pricey pollution only as a pricey pollution rather than — potential community revitalization estate and obtain and allies, organize partners political leadership, better able to attract will be — problem This approach build citizen confidence. and cleanup strategies, workable establish resources, the This approach creates assets. into potential them from liabilities turns to brownfields bro is essential to cooperation that and cross-disciplinary of cross-sector atmosphere 128

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization broader opportunities, communities canachieve theircommunityrevitalizationobjectives. meets environmental,economic,andcommunitygoals. Byconnectingbrownfields tothese ◗ Likewise, in Lawrence, Massachusetts cleanupandredevelopment oftheoldOxfordPaper plant neighborhoods, remediatetheenvironment,andattract newbusinessesthroughoutthecity. property dovetailed with thecity'sbroaderVision2000 initiative thatsought torevitalize and communitysupport.In Chattanooga,Tennessee, cleanupandreuse ofriverfront stands abetterchanceofsecuring publicandprivate investment, aswell asgainingpolitical where brownfield redevelopment ispartofaconcerteddowntown revitalization program,it work backward throughcleanuptogetthosegoalsaccomplished. Instead, localcommunitiesshouldbuildconsensusaround prospectiv use fromtakingplace, becausethesiteisnotcleanedinway necessarytosupportthatuse. the lossofcommunitystakeholdersupport,oreven remedialeffortsthatprevent thefuture property willbeutilized.Thiscleanup-firstapproachhasresultedinprojectsbecomingstalled, many monthsandmany dollarsonbrownfields cleanup,withoutany realplansforhow the build thecommunityconsensustoseeprojectthrough. Too often,localitieswillspend focus theenvironmentalremedialresponse, attractprivate investors andpublicresources, and the potentialreuseofthe idled,contaminatedproperty. Brownfields projectshave muchgreatersuccesswhen the localcommunityfirstidentifies  Further Resources: Realizing thecommunityandeconomicbenefitsofturningbrownfields intoparks, open Begin withtheEndinMind development thatcanresult fromthereplacementofblightwithcommunityamenities. premium foradjacentcommercialandretaildevelopment andgeneratethespin-off space andgreeninfrastructure. Newcommunitygreenspacecancreateaneconomic private sectorinvestment. government fundinginvested inbrownfields projectsyields, onaverage, 2.5dollarsin Brownfields revitalization offers theopportunityfortrulysustainabledevelopment that Brownfield initiatives shoulddovetail withacommunity's plansforgrowth. For example, National Vacant Properties Campaign,atwww.smartgrowthamerica.org International City/CountyManagementAssociation(2002) Redevelopment forHistoricandCulturalReuses, byMollySingerandAdamPloetz, Old Tools andNewMeasures:LocalGovernmentCoordinationofBrownfields County ManagementAssociation(2003) Coordinating BrownfieldsRedevelopment andLocalHousingInitiatives,InternationalCity/ Northeast-Midwest Institute(2003) From BrownfieldstoHousing:Opportunities,Issues,andAnswers,byDanielleSchopp, Riti Dhesi,InternationalCity/CountyManagementAssociation(2002) Growing Greener:Revitalizing BrownfieldsIntoGreenspace,byDanielleMillerWagner and Converting Brownfields to Greenspace, International Economic Development Council (2001) Council (1999) Brownfields Redevelopment: Performance Evaluation, International Economic Development Thisend-useapproachcanhelp e endusesfirst,andthen UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 129 ent . Many Home Depots . Many " at www.nalgep.org. " at www.nalgep.org. National Charrette Institute, at www.charretteinstitute.org for Public Spaces at www.pps.org Project elds Putting Brownfields on the Map: Using GIS to Coordinate and Facilitate the Brownfi Management by Elizabeth Stasiak, International City/County Process, Redevelopment Association (2002) Recycling America's Gas Stations Recycling Knowing the destination for local brownfields projects can help a community take the first first the take community a help can projects brownfields local for destination the Knowing

A community can begin with the brownfields end in mind in the following ways: in the following end in mind the brownfields can begin with A community have been built on contaminated lands, and used the parking lot as a "remedial cap" to and used the parking been built on contaminated lands, have manner. in a cost-effective protect public health from the pollution partners for the initiative. resources. In Des Moines, Iowa, a pictorial vision of the "Agri-Mergent Technology Park" Park" Technology a pictorial vision of the "Agri-Mergent Iowa, In Des Moines, resources. the City's efforts to fund and plan for a new economic is sparking imagination and fueling in an old industrial area. initiative development be placed atop an area of contamination to prev requires an asphalt parking lot, it could and health risks exposure to soils or safely contain environmental " brownfields to visually display or other mapping techniques Information System conception or model create an artist's individual projects, For revitalization target areas. community support and project and utilize that vision to gain of the future intended use, your intended end use. For example, if a community seeks to turn a brownfield into a golf if a community seeks to turn a brownfield example, For intended end use. your Golfers the Professional by check out some of the successful projects supported course, abandoned to explore converting golf organization. Or, Association and the "First Tee" or at www.epa.gov/oust, USTfield initiative check out EPA's gas stations into retail outlets, reviews the parameters of targeted brownfields properties, and creates a reuse vision. EPA EPA and creates a reuse vision. properties, brownfields the parameters of targeted reviews funding as can be used for such planning activities, can now assessment grants brownfields and the National Oceanographic (EDA) Administration Development from the Economic a multi-million dollar New York Glen Cove, In (NOAA). Administration and Atmospheric architectural led by a community design workshop began with development waterfront with a small grant from NOAA. students and funded workshop or "design charrette" that gathers all the key stakeholders, assesses local needs, assesses local needs, that gathers all the key stakeholders, or "design charrette" workshop government sector and state and federal Use the end-use vision to recruit the right private if the project instance, For Organize the end use around the remedial challenges at the site. Once a reuse plan is created, use Geographic Use a picture to speak a thousand words. communities that feature projects in other on successful brownfields Gather information a community projects with and individual brownfields program Begin a brownfields steps in the right direction. This end-use approach even works when the ultimate use of the the of use ultimate the when works even approach end-use This direction. right the in steps effective is approach the because changes, leadership political local or time over changes property tasks. and resources, partners, organizing and reuse, for vision community a creating in Further Resources: ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ nancially unfeasible until city personnel thought to "piggyback" the project with a project with the to "piggyback" thought city personnel until unfeasible financially seemed funds state highway on much-needed to draw Lawrence allowing expansion, highway nearby and remediation. for demolition ◗ 130

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization plans were implementedfrom theoutset.InMinneapolis, communityparticipationwas central projects willproceedasplanned. support forprojectsandgenerallyprovides greatercertaintytoprivate developers thatthe considered intheinitialreuseplanningstages. Earlyinvolvement helpsensure community local neighborhoodgroupsearlyintheredevelopment processtoensurethattheirinputis brownfields programsand specificbrownfields projects. Itisespeciallyimportant toinvolve including communityandneighborhoodorganizations, isimportanttothesuccessoflocal successful brownfield project. Community involvement andconsensusisoneofthe mostimportantingredients fora  ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ involvement. For example: specific issuessuchasbrownfields financing,regulatorybarriersandcommunityoutreach they areactive partnersinthelocalprogram. redevelopment projects. Theyarealsousefulinreachingouttotheprivate sectorandensuring effective communityinvolvement processestoensurecommunitysupportforspecific redevelopment. Thesestakeholdergroupsareparticularlyusefulinhelpinglocalitiesconduct for theprogram,leverage publicandprivate sectorinvestment, andovercome barriersto government officials. Thesestakeholdergroupsenablelocalitiestobuildcommunitysupport owners, communityandcitizenleaders, environmentalleaders, andlocal,state, andfederal with thebroadrangeofbrownfields stakeholdersincludingdevelopers, lenders, property better projectthatwillproducehigherfinancialreturnsthanexpected. was completed,thedeveloper statedthatthecommunity'sinputhadactuallyresultedina recommendations, sotheprojectmoved forward withstrongpublicsupport.Aftertheproject it would supporttheinitiative. TheCityanddevelopers agreedtoimplementthetaskforce's city toimplementaseriesoftrafficcontrolmeasuresandinfrastructureimprovements before group expressednumerousconcernsabouttraffic,noise, andpublicsafetycalledonthe which metmonthlyinatelevisedpublicforumtodiscussprojectplans Minneapolis CommunityDevelopment Agency(MCDA) assembledaneighborhoodtaskforce, to theredevelopment ofthe JohnsonStreetQuarryintoadiscountshoppingcenter. The Thesmallcitiesof CharlesTown and Ranson, West Virginiahave formedamulti- Westminster, Colorado establishedawork groupof bankingandotherfinancialinstitutions Baltimorehasestablishedanongoinggroup ofbrownfields businessleaders whomeet Chicago'sBrownfields Forum, establishedin 1994,paved theway forthecreationof Involve CitizensfromtheStart municipal officials, Countyofficials, brownfields property owners, businessleaders, high- commercial, retail,institutional andparkuses. TheCommerce CorridorCouncilincludes redevelop ablightedcorridorofbrownfield propertiesintoa"CommerceCorridor" of stakeholder "CommerceCorridor Council"toguideandsupporttheirjointeffort to confidence thattheycouldprofitby financingredevelopment projects. projects. Thisprocesshelpedtoeducatelendersaboutbrownfields andhelpedgive them as amechanismtoovercome thereluctanceoflenderstoprovide financingforbrownfields Brownfields Redevelopment," whichincludedadirectory oflendersinthearea. the City. Oneoutcome ofthisgroupwas the publicationofa"GuidetoPrivate Financingof regularly toidentifystrategiesovercome brownfields regulatoryandfinancingbarriersin the program. financing andredevelopment barrierscontinuetomeetandrecommendimprovements to the City'snationallyrecognizedbrownfields program.Thework groupsonbrownfields In mostsuccessfullocalbrownfields projects, proactive publicoutreachandinvolvement Many communitieshave establishedspecialwork groupsortaskforcestofocuson Most goodbrownfields programsestablishadvisorygroupsorothermechanismstowork Educationandinvolvement ofabroadrangestakeholders, . Inawrittenreport,the UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 131

ve the various stakeholders the various ve vides benefits for various vides benefits for various overview.html Community Involvement in Brownfields Redevelopment, by Charles Bartsch & Barbara Community Involvement in Brownfields Redevelopment, Northeast-Midwest Institute (2003) Wells, Community Advice: A Constructive Approach to Brownfields, by Lenny Siegel, Center for (Sept. 2001) Public Environmental Oversight, at www.cpeo.org/pubs/comadv.html by the Meeting the Challenges of Community Participation, Brownfields Redevelopment: Institute (2000) Pacific Assistance for Brownfields program, at www.toscprogram.org/tab- Technical EPA Local brownfields managers need to acknowledge that cookie cutter involvement structures do do structures involvement cutter cookie that acknowledge to need managers brownfields Local Officials cannot assume that stakeholder wants and needs are known. Proactive strategies Proactive and needs are known. wants Officials cannot assume that stakeholder Community involvement in a brownfields redevelopment must not be approached must not be redevelopment in a brownfields Community involvement leaders, local property owners, and potential developers to create the vision for the developers and potential local property owners, leaders, with Industrial Area into a mixed use project of the Ravenswood redevelopment so successful that the was The process light industry. housing and space, commercial office themselves tax and corporation liability limited a form to agreed have owners property local site improvements. to help fund infrastructure and other local improvements and amenities, as well as other neighborhood issues. as other neighborhood as well and amenities, local improvements discuss plans and issues organizations meet regularly to and neighborhood developers Park. of the Des Moines Agri-mergent Technology related to the development tech leaders, bankers, citizen groups, state and federal agencies, and political leaders who leaders political and agencies, and federal state citizen groups, bankers, leaders, tech endorse initiatives. project and to guide the overall periodically convene into a mixed income shipbuilding factory old oil depot and an to covert organizations organizations The neighborhood Long Island Sound. overlooking housing development cleanup, of the housing, environmental and affordability levels input on the type provided community planning process involving a comprehensive Alto has conducted East Palo private under which the City, established a "Good Neighbor" process Des Moines has community and local developer with a private closely worked Connecticut Stamford, stakeholder education is EPA's "Technical Assistance for Brownfields" program, which provides provides which program, Brownfields" for Assistance "Technical EPA's is education stakeholder projects. participation community brownfields for assistance and resources university-based Further Resources: door-to-door, in the business, financial and residential communities is essential. financial and residential communities in the business, door-to-door, participation Existing suffice. not do periods comment and hearings public routine and work, not the fit to adapted and expanded be to need likely will they but used, be may mechanisms and early together groups stakeholder all from people bringing by particularly circumstances, and outreach community for resources potential of source good One process. the in frequently resolving those concerns. It typically requires additional staff resources to succeed, and localities It typically requires resolving those concerns. State and federal agencies need to be them. to provide and other interested parties must work be used for these purposes. their program resources to flexible in allowing visions to light, and to mo are needed to bring their concerns and getting out — significant leg work strategies involve effective In practice, consensus. towards as "business as usual." Instead, it requires an approach that pro as "business as usual." Instead, it requires Community attitudes. a paradigm change in practices and and involves stakeholders, it is extending happening;" rather, is not just public entities "telling what is involvement in identifying concerns and designing strategies for horizons and engaging stakeholders ◗ ◗ ◗ 132

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ ◗ of certaintyatbrownfields canoftenresultfromavariety ofreasons, suchas: development projects — risks stemmingfromlackofcertaintyandpotentiallyhighercosts. Lack strategies andinvestment. private sectorcertainty, help reduceprivate sectorriskandcosts, andfacilitateprivate sector private finance. Thus, localcommunitiesmustunderstandprivate sectorneeds, increase Most brownfields properties willberevitalizedby the private sector, withthe supportof  bureaucratic barriers. redevelopers cannavigate thesemultipleapproval processeswithaminimum ofdelay and processes willbeintegrated withstatebrownfields regulatory programs, sothat private sector for makingbrownfields competitive forrevitalization.Ideally, localdevelopment approval strong working relationshipswithstateandfederalgovernment counterpartsareessential brownfields regulatoryandfinanceprocesses. Approacheslikeinteragencylocal teamsand development, andtheneedtostreamlinelocalapproval processandintegrateitwith sector risksatbrownfields andimpactbrownfields deals. or lendmoneyfortheseprojects. Allofthesefactorscostanduncertaintycan raiseprivate difficulties. Likewise, many financialinstitutionshave beenunwilling toinvest inbrownfields property owners have been unwilling toselltheir properties forfearoftheredevelopment exceed 25percentofthefairmarketvalue ofthepropertyonceitisclean. capital atrisk.Further, mostbanksuseaninformalruleofthumbthatcleanupcostscannot in theprojectasakindofseriousnessthreshold,tomake surethattheborro for contaminatedproperties. Theyusuallyrequiredevelopers tohave atleast25percentequity since theemergenceofbrownfield issueadecadeago. procedures. Somebankinganalysts have estimatedthatthesetransactioncostshave tripled on collateralvalue. Allofthesecostscanaddsignificantlytoloanprocessingandreview and analysis, additionaltesting,legalanalysis, andadditionalindependentcorroboration comfort withtheriskofproject,lenderswilllikelyrequireenvironmentaldatacollection brownfields, basicprojectunderwritingcostsaremoreextensive; toachieve anecessarylevel of expensive intermsofplanning,design,andcommunityoutreachactivities. Inthecaseof interest pointortwo onaloanrate. Reuse projectsoncontaminatedsitesmay alsobemore premium" translatesintoanextra10 to20 percentreturnoninvestments, oranadditional persuade themtotakeonaprojectwithgreaterperceived risk.Sometimes, this"brownfield example, theymay needtopledgeahigherrateofreturntheirinvestors orlendersto associated withcontaminatedproperties. (permitting, regulatorycompliance, attorneys, remediationconsultants);andthecostsofstigma add toprivate sectorrisk.Thesecostscaninclude:siteassessmentandcleanup,transaction ◗ ◗ ◗ theprospectsofcommunityandneighborhoodacceptancebrownfields thetimeframesfordevelopment approvals areindefinite;and therequirementsforregulatorysign-offoncleanupplanareperceived tobe thepotentialcostsforcleanupareundetermined; thepresenceandextentofcontaminationmay beunknown;

Engage thePrivate Sector&Reduce ItsRisk redevelopment areunsure. unpredictable; Many brownfield projectshave inherentrisksthatmakethemdifferentfromtypical But thecommunitiescanhelpreducetheseriskstheyunderstand thetimepressureof As aresult,many developers have beenunwilling totakeonbrownfield projects, andmany Finally, lenderstendtoimposeanumberofconditionsonthefinancing thattheyprovide In addition,developers oftenincurotherstart-upcostsonbrownfields projects. For In addition to higher uncertainty, the potentially higher costs of brownfields redevelopment

wer hassufﬁcient

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 133 Tools such Tools . Local officials , training and wer's exposure due to wer's w available cash to be w available to make capital more affordable . When contamination is suspected, money for site . When contamination is suspected, to make more capital available. Incentives such as loan guarantees Incentives to make more capital available. Insurance can help deals close more easily, because (1) unexpected cleanup costs Insurance can help deals close more easily, Community should understand and promote the use of environmental insurance as a Community should understand and promote the use of environmental Communities can help convene private sector and business stakeholders for the support support the for stakeholders business and sector private convene help can Communities Localities can help reduce lender risk and boost lender confidence at brownfield sites by sites by at brownfield and boost lender confidence Localities can help reduce lender risk Even though Congress addressed basic lender liability concerns in late 1996, and created basic lender liability concerns though Congress addressed Even Communities also need to understand private sector funding and lending practices and and practices and lending funding sector private to understand also need Communities more and more cities are fronting money for this purpose, as grants or forgivable loans. loans. as grants or forgivable more and more cities are fronting money for this purpose, as tax abatements, tax credits, or grace periods can help improve the project's cash flow, cash flow, the project's improve or grace periods can help tax credits, as tax abatements, numbers will pencil out. Similarly and make it more likely that the project a user's start-up costs and allo technical assistance services can offset needs. to meeting brownfield devoted direct financing help Provide Therefore, puzzle to solve. assessment and cleanup is the hardest piece of the financing have used approaches such as subsidizing project loan interest costs (for example, with interest costs (for example, used approaches such as subsidizing project loan have loan underwriting and reducing by loans), or tax-exempt financing or low-interest loan packaging assistance or technical support often documentation costs (perhaps with other local institutions). corporations and through community development available situation. redevelopment borrower's to ease the Offer terms or incentives Reduce the lender's risk the Reduce return, or limit the borro or companion loans can ensure a minimum ability to pay. collateral or the borrower's of value unforeseen problems that affect the cost of financing borrower's the Reduce

remediation costs. remediation costs. anticipated costs; process will not add to the developer's encountered during the development not the possibility that the costs of additional contamination will and (2) insurance can cover off mortgages or other notes. affect the site reuser's ability to pay community recruits top business-people to endorse and lead these stakeholder education efforts. efforts. education stakeholder these lead and endorse to business-people top recruits community There is a whole new sector parties. for private strategy for reducing the risk at brownfields financing risks. that aim to bring certainty to brownfield of insurance mechanisms wave acquisition or sales; help satisfy regulatory Environmental insurance can facilitate brownfields and the cap site responsibilities; minimize liability for past, present or future operations; of brownfields projects. Often these peer-to-peer forums can educate the business community community business the educate can forums peer-to-peer these Often projects. brownfields of brownfields voluntary state of benefits and use the brownfields, on approaches new about the when best work activities These resources. financial of availability the and programs, cleanup ◗ ◗ accept. These efforts work best and most cost effectively when they: effectively best and most cost accept. These efforts work ◗ ◗ comfortable financing things that they know. In practice, this means that a bank or loan officer this means In practice, things that they know. comfortable financing reject a project that categorically may chain stores in suburban malls who has only financed site. on a central city brownfield a commercial building rehab involves needed to Often just a few thousand dollars is public funding in strategic ways. leveraging sector will that the private its risk to a level reuse project and reduce jump-start a brownfield Understanding these risks will help local governments to educate the private sector on how to on how sector to educate the private risks will help local governments Understanding these them. overcome of Act Revitalization sector in the Brownfields clarifications for the private additional liability Financing institutions of projects. are still uncomfortable with these types lenders many 2001, this means that lenders are most Basically, propositions. to low-risk like to limit their lending realities in order to make brownfields attractive investments. In the final analysis, the private the private the final analysis, In investments. attractive order to make brownfields realities in the chances — key factor of risk the by is influenced financing to brownfield sector's approach risk is Likewise, to the potential payoff. relative arise with a project, are likely to that problems the this risk. To and manage avoid, who seek to quantify, lenders, one concern of the number risks. environmental by deals complicated foremost real estate are first and brownfields lender, 134

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ brownfields remediationistoinvestigate thepresenceandextentofcontamination (ifany) and #8. Key in below detail greater in discussed are which VCPs, or programs” cleanup “voluntary bystate established typically are requirements cleanup brownfield that mind in keep cleanup, of issues technical the on focuses Success Brownfields to Key this While technologies. cleanup innovative using and controls; institutional and remediation risk-based using use; land to cleanups linking process; cleanup brownfields the byunderstanding risk brownfields reduce and work cleanups deal-breaker. brownfields the costs environmental avoid making to strategies new using are redevelopers brownfields and Communities sites. contaminated at challenges cleanup environmental overcoming involves ultimately success Brownfields  Further Resources: EPA brownfields assessment and cleanup grants to pay for environmental insurance premiums. Wisconsin are also exploring environmental insurance strategies. Moreover, localities can now use new brownfields investment, and contributed to the creation of 11,500 new jobs. California and been used at more than 160 sites, leveraged $75 million for cleanup, helped create $1 billion in site reuser's environmental insurance costs, up to 25 percent. The Massachusetts program has 1999, Massachusetts adopted a new state program that set up a $15 million fund to subsidize with insurers, or helping to form a portfolio of sites to spread risk and costs. For example, in at sites within their borders. Some cities and states are linking small developers or site owners

Make CleanupsWork forYou s claims; and from themigrationofcontaminationtoothersites, orforthird-partyandpropertyinjury pollution legalliabilityinsurance plan is defined, or against additional costs resulting from changes in regulatory standards; stop-loss environmental remediationinsurancetogive themsomecomfortandcover; written butdiscovered afterthepolicywas inplace. Moreandmorelendersarerequiring environmental remediationinsurance and thereisanenvironmentalconditionontheproperty. The fourmostcommontypesofinsurancetoolsusedtofacilitatebro Local officialsshouldunderstand thebrownfields cleanup process. Theobjective of A few states have started to explore ways to enhance the availability of brownfield insurance ecured creditorinsurance Urban LandInstitute,athttp://www.uli.org/ Insurance andBrownfieldsRedevelopment, atwww.epa.gov/brownfields/insurebf.htm Urban Development(1998),atwww.huduser.org/publications/econdev/envins.html Environmental InsuranceforBrownfieldsRedevelopment, U.S.DepartmentofHousingand National BrownfieldsAssociation,www.brownfieldsassociation.org Brownfields Redevelopers Association,www.brownfieldslaw.com Environmental BankersAssociation,atwww.envirobank.org or cleanup cost-cap coverage , whichinsuresthebalanceofloanswhenborrower defaults , whichoffersprotectionagainstproblemsstemming , which protects against cost over-runs once a cleanup , forreleasesthatoccurredbeforethepolicywas Communities can make make can Communities wnfield projectsare: UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 135 wners, create wners, — The first step is a Phase One environmental assessment, assessment, environmental One Phase a is step first The — — but does not involve physical sampling at the site. For many many For site. the at sampling physical involve not does but —

The AAI standard will require prospective purchasers of brownfields and other brownfields and other brownfields purchasers of brownfields The AAI standard will require prospective The AAI standard will require that a party involved in brownfields take certain due diligence brownfields in party involved The AAI standard will require that a Phase One Site Assessments Assessments Site One Phase As mentioned previously, localities can obtain funding for brownfield site assessments and site assessments for brownfield can obtain funding localities previously, As mentioned was not contaminated; not contaminated; was Visual inspections of the facility and adjoining properties; with respect to the site; have or experience you specialized knowledge Any if the property of the property, The relationship of the purchase price to the market value of the site; operators and occupants with past and present owners, Interviews of historical sources of information about the site; Reviews Searches for recorded environmental cleanup liens; records; tribal and local government of federal, state, Reviews an environmental professional; of an inquiry by Results ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ assessment standards peculiar to their state. assessment standards peculiar to their state. assessments) to look at the grant money for brownfields parties (including localities using EPA assessment process: factors in the brownfields following ◗ The rule represents a consensus achieved during a regulatory negotiation process among a multi- a among process negotiation regulatory a during achieved consensus a represents rule The 2005. in final be will rule the that anticipates EPA committee. advisory stakeholder likely standards are very These AAI at a site. of contamination steps to ascertain the levels parties public and private standard used by to become the de facto Phase One assessment environmental communities should also learn and understand any across America. However, years, the industry standard for brownfields Phase One assessments has been the “ASTM-1527” “ASTM-1527” the been has assessments One Phase brownfields for standard industry the years, federal new the Under Materials. and Testing for Society American the by adopted process and funding brownfields EPA receive to want who communities however, law, Brownfields have they that demonstrate to required be will liability Superfund potential avoid to seek who of extent and presence potential the determine to (AAI) inquiries” appropriate “all conducted standards. AAI establishing rule proposed the published recently EPA site. a at contamination estimate was reduced to less than $5 million. The reduced cleanup cost and the increased reduced to less than $5 million. estimate was sector interest in private has dramatically increased the site investigation by certainty provided in Silicon Valley. Francisco Bay acre property located on the San this 130 redeveloping likelihood the determine to property the of uses and owners past considers and researches which contamination of release a of and no remediation is required. EPA reports that about one third of the sites that have received received sites that have reports that about one third of the is required. EPA and no remediation often shows the investigation In others, cleanup. any not required have assessment funding, officials and the example, For much less than originally anticipated. that the cleanup is Area in East Palo Industrial that cleanup of the Ravenswood sector originally feared private spent about $100,000 after EPA million. However, cost more than $30 Alto, California would testing and screening, the cleanup and groundwater in targeted assessment funding on soil assessment and cleanup process, communities can integrate cleanup with reuse and economic communities can integrate cleanup process, assessment and cleanup and uncertainty. resources wasted and avoid sites plans for brownfield development Environmental Assessments to environmental investigations in fostering and overseeing a key role Localities often play of health sites get a clean bill cases, revitalization. In many brownfields prime the pump for conduct any necessary cleanup to ready the site for redevelopment. This process is necessary to to is necessary This process redevelopment. the site for to ready cleanup necessary any conduct o of property liability concerns environment, address health and the protect public the properties. associated with the stigma remove and for developers, certainty consulting hire environmental typically Localities as other sources. as well EPA cleanup from the basics of the By understanding community. activities for the to conduct these professionals 136

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization air atthesite. PhaseTwo activities, whichcaninvolve awidevariety ofgeologic,hydrogeologic monitoring ofpotentialcontaminationinthesoil,structures, groundandsurfacewaters, or is toconductaPhaseTwo environmentalassessment,whichinvolves physical samplingand has beenareleaseofcontaminationatsite, thenextstepinbrownfields cleanup process explanatory documents. ◗ ◗ in unacceptable exposurestoresidualcontamination. Enforcement concerns stillneedtobe take, institutionalcontrols mustprevent anunanticipated changeinlandusethatcouldresult a parkinglotforsitecap, or installationofmonitoringwells. Butnomatterwhatformthey planning, andzoninglimitations onlanduse. Inpractice, theymay involve thingslikeusing police powers ofstateand localgovernments. The mostcommontypesarepermitprograms, upon level ofcleanup. other restrictionsontheuseofproperty, limitingthemtothoseconsistentwiththeagreed- recorded by cityandcountyofficials. Thesedeedcontrolsinvolve covenants, easements, or controls andgovernmental controls. Proprietarycontrolsareoftenplacedindeeds, whichare care centerthirtyyears fromnow. Legally, institutionalcontrolstaketwo forms-proprietary up toindustrialstandardsforreuseasanewmanufacturing facilityisnotconv the site. For example, institutionalcontrolsaredesignedtoensurethatabrownfield cleaned brownfield isusedonlyasintendedsotolimittheriskofexposurecontamination from public andtheenvironment.Institutionalcontrolsare legaltoolsmeanttoensurethata brownfield site, institutionalcontrolsareimportanttoprovide longtermprotectionforthe In statesthatallow risk-based,tieredcleanupstandardsbasedonthefutureuseof Institutional Controls and acceptableenoughtoremove any stigmathatthecontaminationhasgeneratedatasite. At thesametime, thesestandardsmustbesufficienttoaddressany environmentalproblems, to bemanagedinplacesothatitdoesnotresultexposurethepublicorenvironment. in contact with people accessing the site, or a stream that could carry pollution to other places. pathways to exposure for the contamination, such as pollution in the surface soil that could come actual risk to human health or the environment. Such risk is often based on whether there are place. RBCA allows cleanup approaches focused on removing contamination that presents an unworkable fromacoststandpoint. much lessexpensive thantraditional“digandhaul”cleanupsthatcanmakebrownfields deals exposure tosuchcontamination.Theseapproachescanbeeffectiv may notbenecessarytoremove allcontaminationfromthesite, becausethereislow riskof use oftheproperty. For example, ifasite isintendedforreuseasamanufacturingfacility, it residential (or“background”).Thesecleanupstandardsaretypicallytiedtothefutureintended Most stateshave identifiedseveral tiersofcleanupstandards-industrial,commercial,and Use CleanupStrategiesthatFocusonRiskandEnd contamination oragroundwater plume. “pathways toexposure”thatmay beavailable forcontaminationatthesite, suchassurface contamination atabrownfield. Thisassessmentisalsodesignedtodeterminethepotential and otherassessmentmethods, aremeanttoidentifythespecifictypesandlocationsof property, andtheabilitytodetectcontaminationby appropriateinvestigation The degreeofobviousnessthepresenceorlikelycontaminationat Commonly known orreasonably ascertainableinformationaboutthesite;and Phase Two Assessments For furtherinformationon thisissue, checkwww.epa.gov/brownfields fortheAAIruleand Governmental controlsinvolve restrictionsthataregenerallywithinthetraditional Cleanup standards and land use controls can be established that allow some contamination Numerous states also have some form of “risk-based corrective action” (RBCA) process in — If aPhaseOneenvironmentalassessmentshows thatthere e atprotectingthepublicyet erted toaday UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 137 elds, .astm.org/cgi- , while Staten Island has used — a process that saved the company upwards of $300,000. In $300,000. of upwards the company process that saved a —

Remediation Enforcement (2003) Remediation U.S. EPA, All Appropriate Inquiry web site, at www..epa.gov/brownfields/regneg.htm All Appropriate Inquiry web site, at www..epa.gov/brownfields/regneg.htm U.S. EPA, Assessment, and Materials, Committee E-50 on Environmental American Society of Testing Risk Management, and Corrective Action (includes many standards on brownfi including 1527-00 standard on Phase 1 environmental assessments), at www bin/SoftCart.exe/COMMIT/COMMITTEE/E50.htm?L+mystore+zrjs1975+1069349312 Criteria Landowners Must Meet in Order to Qualify for Interim Guidance Regarding or Innocent Landowner Owner, Contiguous Property Purchaser, Bona Fide Prospective Office of Site Agency, U.S. Environmental Protection Limitations on CERCLA Liability, These examples show why it is important for local development practitioners to keep it is important for local development why These examples show ts of the institutional controls approach to brownfields approach to brownfields controls of the benefits of the institutional An example individual citizens. The Office has engaged in a number of technology demonstration and individual citizens. projects in support of local communities. evaluation Further Resources: developers they work with to information on new technologies that can bring site preparation with to information on new technologies they work developers information Office provides Innovation Technology The EPA and cleanup costs down. and treatment technologies for the hazardous and technical assistance on characterization describes programs, It offers technology selection tools and remediation community. waste technology personnel, consulting engineers, publications for federal and state organizations, and community groups, researchers, contractors, remediation and vendors, developers a harmless form that binds to the soil. Trenton, New Jersey and Staten Island, New York have have New Jersey and Staten Island, New York Trenton, a harmless form that binds to the soil. has used mustard for cleanup. Trenton approaches or vegetation-based used phytoremediation at the old Magic Marker site plants to pull the lead out of the soil out from the ground at an old refinery. trees to suck chrome and other toxics willow who can link them and the agency experts, in touch with state and federal environmental radar to identify the location of underground storage tanks. Cleanup costs at the Ernst Steel site storage tanks. radar to identify the location of underground sulfide liquid treatment the use of a new hydrogen offset by were New York in Cheektowaga, that immobilized lead in soils engine factory is contamination from an airplane groundwater Williamsport, Pennsylvania water, microbes eat the sweetened Basically, injecting molasses into the aquifer. being treated by toxic chromium to change into which in turn causes which depletes the oxygen in the water, Innovative Brownfields Technologies Technologies Innovative Brownfields assessment innovative implementing by savings cost significant realizing are communities Many a soil for example, Massachusetts, In Lawrence, and approaches. and cleanup technologies rather than sending utilized to treat contaminated soils on-site, was extraction system vapor ground-penetrating officials used Massachusetts, them off-site for incineration. In Worcester, The contamination at that rail yard had thwarted redevelopment for many years. Instead of years. for many redevelopment had thwarted at that rail yard The contamination products in diesel fuel and other suspended petroleum million gallons of several removing designing and those challenges by County officials chose to tackle the soil, Louisville-Jefferson deal of contamination left The stadium itself caps a good use controls. implementing land wells Monitoring lot caps the remainder. and the asphalt parking the rail yards, in place by on that site. continue to operate addressed; someone has to monitor them, and to make sure that they are continued and not and are continued that they make sure and to them, to monitor has someone addressed; and transferring mechanism for recording require some Most states also future uses. altered for users. to future site this information Louisville John’s where the Papa Kentucky, be seen in Louisville, can redevelopment yard. former 92-acre rail built on a Louisville was of Stadium at the University Cardinal 138

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization prospective purchaser, Louisville Dryer Company. Inaddition,thecity dedicatedfundstothis broker," overseeing relationsbetween the Kentucky DEP, theLandbankAuthority, and the this deallikelywould have gonenowhere. TheCityserved acriticalroleas"brownfields site anduncertainremediation requirements. Without involvement by theCity ofLouisville, has beencomplicatedby awidearray offactors, including environmentalcontaminationatthe an adjacent,contaminated property thathasbeenabandonedfornearlyadecade price, or$125,000peracre. officials notethatanaverage four-acrecleanparcelintheWest Endwould beonequarterthat on thisfour-acreparcel,therefore, have totaled$2 million,or$500,000 per acre. Bridgeport clean uptheBryant Electricfacilityand$700,000 ondemolitionandsitepreparation.Expenses value. For instance, inBridgeport,Connecticut,Westinghouse hasspentover $1millionto especially importantat"upsidedown" sites, wherecontaminationcostsmightexceedrealestate at statefundingandKey #9identifiesfederalresourcesforbrownfields. private resources. Key #7 focusesontheroleoflocalfundingandincentives, whileKey #8looks financing incentives forbrownfields revitalization,andtoleverage additionalstate, federal,and on brownfields projects. Localitiesareuniquelypositionedtoprovide directfundingandgap private sourcesforbrownfields revitalization.Localfundingcanmakethecriticaldifference a brownfields project,themostsuccessfulcommunitieswillleverage avariety ofpublicand However, because thereisusuallynosinglesourceofmoneytocompletethemany facetsof Funding isessentialforturningacommunity'sbrownfields visionintorealresults  LeveragetheFunding In Louisville, Kentucky, theCityhasbeenworking withanexpandingbusinesstoacquire The keyroleoflocalitiesinleveraging publicandprivate fundingforbrownfields is The BrownfieldsTechnology SupportCenteratwww.brownfieldstsc.org 3rd Edition,U.S.EnvironmentalProtection Agency(2001) Understanding InnovativeTechnology OptionsforBrownfieldsInvestigationand Cleanups, Interstate Technology Regulatory Council(ITRC)-www.itrcweb.org U.S. EPA Technology InnovationOffice,atwww.epa.gov/tio Brownfields StateoftheStates,Northeast-MidwestInstitute(2002) County ManagementAssociation(2000) Beyond Fences:BrownfieldsandtheChallengesofLandUseControls,InternationalCity/ L. Edwards,publishedbyAmericanBarAssociation(2003),atwww Implementing InstitutionalControlsatBrownfieldsandOtherContaminatedSites,byAmy International City/CountyManagementAssociation(2002) The Role ofInstitutionalControlsinBrownfieldsRedevelopment, byEdwardMcTiernan, Environmental LawInstitute(2002) Long-Term StewardshipandImplementationofInstitutionalControls,JohnPendergrass, Emergency Response (2003) Action Cleanups,U.S.EnvironmentalProtection Agency, OfficeofSolidWaste and Institutional ControlsatSuperfund,Brownfields,FederalFacility, andRCRACorrective Institutional Controls:ADraftGuidetoImplementing,Monitoring,andEnforcing .abanet.org . Thisproject . UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 139 vided under EPA's Brownfields Brownfields under EPA's vided (such as cleanup or infrastructure now TIF bonds are issued for the specific purposes of the redevelopment, such as acquiring and TIF bonds are issued for the specific purposes of the redevelopment, The TIF process uses the anticipated growth in property taxes generated by a development a development in property taxes generated by The TIF process uses the anticipated growth Following are some of the traditional, local financing tools that are being put to use at are some of the traditional, local financing Following In other cases, localities can help facilitate in-kind services that can offset the need for localities can help facilitate in-kind In other cases, In addition, localities can help attract non-profit foundation support for brownfield foundation support for brownfield non-profit In addition, localities can help attract This is how the public sector can drive brownfield reuse. But competition for public But competition reuse. brownfield sector can drive the public This is how Tax Abatements Tax abatements involve Usually, from tax liabilities. Abatements are reductions or forgiveness or they years; 10 typically 5 or period of time, either a basic reduction in tax rates for a specific abatements are Tax stage. usually at a pre-improvement at some point in time, freeze values preparing the site, cleanup of contamination, upgrading utilities, streets, or parking facilities, or parking facilities, streets, cleanup of contamination, upgrading utilities, preparing the site, This makes TIF an ideal and carrying out other necessary site preparation and improvements. In addition, TIF programs are easily used with other types of projects. tool for brownfield funding, such as grants or loans. project to finance public sector investment in it. TIFs are built on the concept that new value in it. TIFs are built on the concept that new value project to finance public sector investment can and that the future value — initiatives the basic point of most brownfield — will be created be used to support the financing of the activities needed key to TIF is the local commitment of incremental The to create that new value. improvements) costs. of redevelopment tax resources for the payment Tax Increment Financing (TIF): Tax usually in economic revitalization efforts, of variety TIF has traditionally been used for a financing TIF location. brownfield typical today's — areas abandoned or distressed economically strategy and a key part of any reuse, for brownfield is the most common form of local support to address financing gaps. former Texaco Tank Farm (now the Crosby Lake Business Park), the municipality encouraged Lake Business Park), the Crosby (now Farm Tank former Texaco phone and U.S. West expense, to install utility lines at its own Company Northern States Power from the additional load generated from new These utilities will benefit placed fiber optic lines. helped make possible. investment which their up-front economic development, in communities across the nation: brownfields training for new businesses at the redeveloped Texaco Tank Farm site was financed in part by financed in part by site was Farm Tank Texaco training for new businesses at the redeveloped area foundations. several a handful of private-sector convene helped cash in a project. In Oregon, local governments up which they teamed and others, financing consultants, utilities, firms, including law entities, Minnesota, at the In St. Paul, sites. defunct timber mill of several to facilitate redevelopment (and its lenders, the willingness) to invest $5 million into the project, which, in turn, meant $5 million into the project, which, to invest the willingness) (and its lenders, that believe local officials Without that critical public funding, additional employees. hiring 100 materialized. have might never project in Scott Peterson's investment private million for construction of the $10 provided Foundation the Lyndhurst example, For projects. Minnesota, job In St. Paul, Landing in Chattanooga, Tennessee. and Ross's Aquarium Tennessee recoverable, either through sale of the site, or from new tax revenues and jobs that the project and jobs that or from new tax revenues through sale of the site, either recoverable, helping by investment additional private can also leverage These public investments generates. used the City of Chicago example, economic viability of an area. For to demonstrate the environmental contamination, and clean up an eyesore, to demolish approximately $370,000 to use for a strong neighborhood company, Meats, Scott Peterson a clean, secure lot for provide Meats the impetus Scott Peterson to this project gave parking. The City's commitment employee project, for personnel and site assessment, from grant money pro money from grant site assessment, and for personnel project, Co. remained Dryer Louisville involvement, Because of the City's Pilot Program. Assessment ago. abandoned long otherwise have that it might in a real estate transaction involved for — to recognize that for local officials so it is important increasingly fierce, monies is that are often investments are public to brownfields devoted resources — projects many 140

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization taxes inasingleyear by spendingthatamountonsitecleanup.Thisapproachhasbeenusedin abatement programthatallows newsiteowners tooffsetup75percentoftheir property communities indesignatedEnvironmentalOpportunityZonescantakeadv later invested $1.2million intoanewwood palletrecycling operation.Distressed NewJersey acre VinsonStreetsiteinDallastheincentive andcashflow topay forthecleanup himself.He the propertyatvalue of itsnewuse. Thistypeofabatementgave thenewowner ofthe26 remediated brownfield property revaluation by waiting several years beforefullyassessing Texas, Maryland,Ohio,Connecticut,andIdaho.Towns inthesestatesaddresstheissueof business cashneedsarethegreatest.Several statesallow theirlocalitiestodothis, including areas wherepropertytaxesorotherconditionsdiscourageprivate investment. commonly usedtostimulateinvestments inbuildingimprovements ornewconstruction in appropriate publicpurposes. cleanup andreuseprojects will createjobsandenhancethelocaltaxbase practitioners canmakeastrong casethatabondpoolorproceedstosupport bro public purposewhichpertains toitslocalgovernment andaffairs. Economicdevelopment Virtually allcommunitiescan issuegeneralobligationor"G.O." bondsforany proper General ObligationBonds loans made with bank monies. and redevelopment, and used EPA brownfields revolving loan fund grants to collateralize the have joined with several area banks to establish a $30 million loan pool for brownfields cleanup cleanup and removal of several underground tanks at the site. New York City and Nassau County Point neighborhood, which used historic tax credit receipts to retire the debt. The loan paid for $340,000 from the Lancaster Square mixed-use office and residential project in the city's Fells projects. Already, $475,000 has been repaid and is available for new project uses. This includes made 7 loans totaling nearly $2.4 million. 233 jobs have been created at loan-assisted brownfield Initially funded with $2.5 million in federal empowerment zone funds in 1997, the fund has Angeles, and Rochester and Yonkers in New York. Baltimore operates a highly successful RLF. Several localities have put brownfields revolving loan funds or "RLFs" into place, including Los Local Revolving LoanFunds cleanup costsatblightedsites, especiallyatsmallorphansitesthathinderthewholearea. Property owners inadefinedbrownfields areacouldusethisapproachtoraisefundscover used thistooltofinanceinfrastructureupgradesincommercialdistrictsoratindustrialparks storefront rehabilitation,andbusinessattractionorretentionefforts business districtimprovement initiatives. Projectscommonlyincludesecurity, maintenance, to fundtheprojects. finance theimprovements, eitherearmarkingitdirectlyforthearea,orusingtoissuebonds used topay forthedefinedservicesoractivities. Thejurisdictionusesthisadditionalrevenue to service areaagreethataspecialrealestatelevyorfeewillbeimposed,withtheproceeds improvements, orfacilitiesthatwillbenefitthetargetedarea.Propertyowners inaspecial Cities canusea"specialservicearea"designationasway toraisecashfinanceextraservices, Special ServiceAreasorTaxing Districts decisions. Thiscanbeimportantineffortstopromotebrownfield reuse. give localgovernments aworkable, flexibleincentive thathelpsinfluenceprivate investment abatement programshave numerouscritics. Yet thekeyadvantage oftaxabatementsisthatthey without offeringunnecessarysubsidies, afeatoftendifficulttoaccomplish.Becauseofthis, tax a coupleofcommunitiesbecauseitsadministrative ease. Some abatementprogramsfeatureslidingscales, offeringfullabatementsinitially, when Many communitieshave experiencewiththisapproachthroughmainstreetorcentral Tax abatementprogramsmustbecarefully designed totargetintendedbeneficiaries . Somecommunitieshave , whichare antage ofatax wnfield . UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 141

. Most states have well established voluntary brownfields cleanup programs brownfields voluntary established well . Most states have Environmental Protection Agency, at www.smartgrowth.org/library/brownfield_finance. Agency, Environmental Protection html (1999) A. Simons, Urban Land Institute (1998). Brownfields into Greenbacks, by Robert Turning Financing Strategies for Brownfields Cleanup and Redevelopment, by Charles Bartsch & and Redevelopment, Financing Strategies for Brownfields Cleanup Northeast-Midwest Institute (2003) Barbara Wells, U.S. A Guide for Developers, Projects: Financing Brownfields Redevelopment New Bedford, Massachusetts directs local compliance fees and penalties into a fund that New Bedford, Massachusetts directs Communities traditionally issue G.O. bonds for acquiring land, preparing sites, and sites, land, preparing acquiring for bonds G.O. issue traditionally Communities Join Forces with Your State Join Forces with Your with their states with their for brownfields a combination of cleanup procedures and economic incentives that provide because the federal in importance, These state programs will continue to grow projects. and approve states with lead authority to oversee provides now Act Revitalization Brownfields  will depend upon the initiatives success of local brownfields the than ever, more Now ability of localities to partner and the programs, strength and capacity of state brownfields side. The City has used that money to clean up a 103 acre industrial tract in the same area for acre industrial tract in the same The City has used that money to clean up a 103 side. new industrial and commercial uses. Further Resources used to capitalize brownfield revolving funds or cover site assessment costs at brownfields. at brownfields. site assessment costs funds or cover revolving used to capitalize brownfield federal fines might Similarly, strategy. revitalization supports the City's broader brownfield the City of Chicago provided the Sherwin Williams Company instance, For be tapped as well. project" or "SEP" settlement with the EPA as part of a "supplemental environmental $950,000 Williams plant on the City's south at a Sherwin laws related to violations of environmental offers loan guarantees to help ensure companies' access to lines of credit for working capital and and capital working for credit of lines to access companies' ensure help to guarantees loan offers secure. to companies locating newly for difficult often is financing This equipment. Brownfield Activities Creative Use of Fees or Fines for these resources of having Instead fees. fines or inspection cities routinely collect various Many perhaps — projects to brownfield they could be devoted disappear into the local general fund, partially with borrowed money. In the case of brownfields, a public or quasi-public entity can can entity quasi-public or public a brownfields, of case the In money. borrowed with partially strategy This risky. less investments private make to capital, the fronting by purpose that serve sites. brownfield to capital private attracting in effective been has it but much, used been not has by companies to loans private back helps Minnesota in Authority Port Paul St. the example, For cover to used be can that loan private a in value estate real the of percent 25 to up purchasing also Authority Port The operations. of expansion or improvements, structural construction, site assessment and cleanup at several sites. Bridgeport helped finance its new minor league Bridgeport helped finance its sites. cleanup at several site assessment and receipts to its share of gate and concession and is using bonds, G.O. baseball stadium with them off. help pay Debt Leveraging financed is investment the when equity on return the increases that strategy a is leveraging Debt making infrastructure improvements — key elements in a brownfield redevelopment strategy. strategy. redevelopment in a brownfield key elements — improvements making infrastructure in growth the by debt is enhanced this bond ability to repay the community's Moreover, Cities ranging uses. productive brought back to are as more brownfields tax revenues property aspect of their to support some bonds used G.O. Connecticut have to Bridgeport, from Chicago the to finance used bond proceeds Chicago strategies. redevelopment brownfield community 142

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ resources andassistance. Localitiesshouldjoinforceswiththeirstatesby: best whenalocalityisproactive inpartneringwiththestateandattractingbrownfields issues ofsmartgrowth across localboundariesandregions. Inmostcases, state programswork states areinthebestpositiontoconnectissueofbrownfields revitalizationtothelarger help buildandsustainthecapacityoflocalgovernment brownfields programs, andbecause toward localbrownfields projects. Statesarealsokeybrownfields partnersbecausetheycan infrastructure, andotherdepartmentsthatcanintegratetheseeffortsdirectincentives success becausemoststateshave environmental,economic,planning,transportation, annually) toexpandandimprove statebrownfields programs. brownfields cleanupdecisions. Moreover, theEPA isproviding substantialfunding($50 million approval of thecleanupprocesscantake lesstime — sometimes monthsless. Thistimesavings to theadversarial natureofenforcement-driven cleanupprograms, actualclean-upandstate programs. Sincevoluntary programsinvolve acooperative effortwithregulators, asopposed delays that would likely occur if the sites were subject to Superfund or other enforcement-driven initiate cleanupsandwork cooperatively withstateagenciestoavoid someof thecostsand in decidingoncleanupplans, cleanupcostsmightbelower. may beneededatasite. Inaddition,becausemostVCPsallow considerationoffuturelanduse brownfields activityandtobetterlinktogetherbothcleanupredevelopment activitiesthat Many voluntary programsaretargetedspecificallytoovercome thebarriersassociatedwith cleanups arecomplete. CommonVCPcharacteristicsacrossstatesarenotedintheboxbelow. determinations, andcovenants-not-to-sue toprotectpartiesfromliabilityoncethose for thosecleanups, andmechanismssuchascertificatesofcompletion,nofurther action need tobetakenachieve this. and predictableprocessfordetermining"how cleanisclean"atany given site, andwhatsteps to bringcontaminatedsitesbackproductive use. Theydothisby establishingarecognized appropriately, andmadereadyfornewuses. VCPsaimtomakeiteasierandmorepredictable voluntarily they provide away forowners ordevelopers ofasitetoapproachthestateorcommonwealth control, and the VCPs aim to address those sites. Currently, 49 states have VCPs in List,place. or federal criteria for emergency removal of contamination. These sites come under statecontaminated enough to meet EPA's criteria for placement on the National Priorities Superfundthe voluntary cleanup of contaminated sites. These response programs address the sites thatVoluntary are not cleanup programs are state-level initiatives that have been put into placeState Voluntary to encourage CleanupPrograms ◗ ◗ ◗ Learningaboutthestate'sbrownfield cleanupprogram,andtranslatingthatinformationto Tapping stateresourcesforlocalbrownfields revitalization, includingbrownfields Encouragingstateofficialstoformacross-sectorteamof toprovide Invitingthestateenvironmentaldepartment'sbrownfields officialstothecommunity, and local brownfields siteowners, prospective purchasers, andpotentialinvestors. Revolving Funds, taxincentives, andotherresources. assessment andcleanupfunds, economicdevelopment programs, CleanWater State infrastructure, planning,transportation,andotherkeystateprograms. assistance onbrownfields, includingofficialsfromenvironmental,economicdevelopment, year-long work detailinyour community. technical assistanceandoutreachtobrownfield stakeholders. Inviteastateofficialtodo involving thestatebrownfields teamonyour brownfields advisorycouncil.Askthestatefor States arewell situatedto promote thecross-sectorcooperationneededforbrownfields State voluntary programsareparticularlyeffective becausetheyallow private parties to Most StateVCPprogramsprovide aclearprocessforbrownfields cleanup,clearstandards Voluntary programsdifferfromother, moreregulatoryenvironmentalprogramsbecause tocooperatively work outaprocessby whichthesitecanbecleanedup UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 143

13 states offer direct grants or loans reduce lender's risk cost of financing reduce borrower's user's financial situation ease the borrower's/site financing help direct provide Most common — covenants not to sue; certificates of completion; no further not to sue; certificates of completion; covenants — Most common action letters purchasers prospective Also relief/assurances aimed at lenders, site (i.e., orphan or prospective purchaser); many programs use "privatized" programs use "privatized" purchaser); many orphan or prospective site (i.e., or "licensed oversight private approaches with participants using contracted remediation specialists" Older program approaches — state sign-off on remediation plans, review of remediation plans, state sign-off on — Older program approaches cleanup activities of cleanup required, type of level by varies state oversight — approaches Recent Typically, open to any contaminated site except landfills, NPL sites, or sites subject or sites subject NPL sites, contaminated site except landfills, to any open Typically, and LUST) programs (notably RCRA action under other to corrective in Superfund than defined Most permit more types of contaminants past pollution participate Most do not let parties responsible for These are new initiatives — more than half adopted in the past six years more than — These are new initiatives significantly since 2000 changed have A dozen older programs process and finality to the brownfield predictability They seek to provide Characteristics Of State Voluntary Cleanup Programs Cleanup State Voluntary Of Characteristics

◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ Financial assistance/incentives, with the objectives to: Liability relief/assurances provided Oversight ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ Eligibility 49 programs in place today 49 programs 144

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization extraordinary circumstancesnotpresentatmostbrownfields. filing orsecond-guessingby thefederalgovernment undertheSuperfund/CERCLA law, absent a brownfields cleanupconducted underaStateVCPprogramwillnotbesubjecttofutureover- law conveys tostateprogramsintermsofliabilityclarification andprotection.Inotherwords, Therefore, akeypartofthenewfederalBrownfields Revitalization Act isthe"finality"that property owners thatthey couldbeheldliableforany numberofunpredictablereasons. is stillasignificantconcernamonglenders, prospective sitepurchasers, andeven adjoining rank highamonggovernment concernsintermsofriskduetoenvironmentalexposure, there factor fornewuserswhomay bethinkingaboutthesiteforaredevelopment project. can bevery valuable tosomeoneconsideringtakingonabrownfield site, anditcanbeacritical ◗ ◗ projects. Stateapproachesinclude: public private partnership — and nosingleapproach — fits thefinancingneedsofallbrownfield and transactioncoststhatbrownfield typicallyrequire. Statesrecognizethatnospecifictypeof includes financingsiteassessmentandcleanup,financingthemorecomplicatedplanning broad categories. brownfield barriers. Asyou canseefromthefollowing box,theseprogramsfallintofour the stateshave putprogramsinplacethathave provided criticalfundingresourcestoovercome States have alsobeenintheforefrontofcreative brownfield financingefforts, andabouthalf State Funding&FinancingTools states have USTfieldcleanupprograms. prevention anddetectionregulationsaprogramtoimplementthoseregulations, andall enforcement actions. Inaddition,every statebutIdahohasacomprehensive setofUSTleak In stateswithoutanapproved program,EPA willwork withstateofficialsincoordinatingUST may beconflicting. program donothave todealwithtwo setsofstatutesandregulations(state federal)that programs thatareapproved by EPA. Ownersandoperatorsinstatesthathave anapproved UST District ofColumbiaandtheCommonwealth ofPuertoRicohave undergroundstoragetank cleanup ofpetroleumcontaminatedbrownfields or"USTfields." Currently33statesandthe

offsetting theextraup-front costsofsitecleanup. losses. Or, theycaneasetheborrower's cash flow by pluggingcertaincapitalholesor lender's comfortwiththese projects, by offeringguaranteestolimittheriskofpotential specific partsoftheproject,suchas sitepreparation.Theycanbeusedtoincreasethe loans orgrants. Theseprogramsmeetseveral objectives. Theyaretargetedtohelp finance worked toaddressthisissueby puttingsomesortoffinancingincentives inplace, suchas gaps remainthebiggestbarriertobrownfield reuse, andmorethanhalfthestateshave Economic development programsthatcanbeusedtopromotebrownfield reuse. assessments beforethesitepreparationcostsarepaidoff. cleanup costsortoprovide abufferagainstincreasesinpropertyvalue thatwould raisetax evolution ofthistypeprogramtool.Mostbrownfields taxincentives aretargetedtooffset promote economicdevelopment inareasofneed,andbrownfield targetingisanatural and federaltaxincentives historicallyhave beenusedtochannelinvestment capitaland cushion fromataxbreakcanalsohelpproject'sfinancial lookintheeye ofalender. State deal withsomeofthesitepreparationcoststhatcontaminationinv purposes ratherthanfortaxpayments. Thiscanhelpsitereusersgetthecashtogetherto basically helpwithaproject'scashflow, by allowing revenue tobe usedforbrownfield Tax credits, abatements, andother taxincentives forbrownfield projects. States alsoplay aprimary role inregulatingundergroundstoragetanks, andensuringthe Liability reliefisacriticalcomponentoftheVCPs. Althoughmostbrownfield sitesdonot Increasingly, statesaresteppinguptomeetthechallengesofbrownfields reuse. This Once theirprogramsareapproved, stateshave theleadroleinUSTprogramenforcement. olves. Thecashflow Theseprograms Capital

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 145

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State Innovations in Brownfield Financing in Brownfield Innovations State of environmental insurance premiums on brownfields Assessment Program funds contractors to do site assessments and — Sites" initiative "Key Pennsylvania's prepare cleanup plans a portion includes $15 million to cover — to Capital Program Massachusetts Access Michigan's "brownfield redevelopment authorities" redevelopment Michigan's "brownfield Environmental Brownfield of back taxes; and state-level Wisconsin's forgiveness Brownfield/environmental G.O. bond issues in Ohio ($200 million); Michigan million); Michigan bond issues in Ohio ($200 G.O. Brownfield/environmental million) ($200 ($255 million); and New York New Jersey Minnesota Delaware, — interest cleanup loans Low package of grant and loan programs Wisconsin's diverse Massachusetts Reclamation Payback Fund with guarantees pegged to new property Fund with guarantees pegged to new Payback Massachusetts Reclamation taxes generated funds for small cities Wisconsin earmarking of state CDBG Illinois Redevelopment Loan Program available to private parties to private Loan Program available Illinois Redevelopment Florida's loan guarantees/loan loss reserves Illinois's transferable 25% remediation tax credit Illinois's transferable sub-district TIFs waste Minnesota's hazardous purchasers to exclude value prospective allows tax incentive Georgia's brownfields of cleanup from property value Michigan's 100% single business tax abatement single business tax abatement Michigan's 100% remediation tax credit Colorado's sliding-scale tax abatement/rebate to Opportunity Zone property New Jersey Environmental offset cleanup costs cost tax credit assessment and cleanup Ohio's 10%/$500,000

◗ ◗ Initiatives Supporting Brownfield Financing: 10 States, including ◗ ◗ Direct Brownfields Financing Assistance: 13 states, including — 13 states, including Direct Brownfields Financing Assistance: ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ Assistance: 19 states, including Economic Development Targeted ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ Tax Incentives: 22 states, including— 22 states, Incentives: Tax 146

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ ◗ These assessment grants have been the genesis of many local government brownfields programs. governmental entitiesto cover siteassessment,planning,andprogramimplementation costs. assessment grant program resources requiredforsuccessful revitalization. develop thelocalexpertise, knowledge, andcredibilitytoleverage theotherpublicandprivate assessments atprioritybrownfields. Equallyimportant,thesegrantsenablecommunitiesto important seedfundingtohelpcommunitieslaunchtheir programsandperforminitialsite the U.S.EPA. EPA assessment,cleanup,revolving loanfund,andjobtraining grantsprovide Many successfullocalprogramsapplyforandeventually obtainbrownfields fundingfrom Begin withEPA BrownfieldsFunding Roundtables" events to bring thefederalagenciestogethertofocusonlocalbrownfield needs. the brownfields issue. Many communitieshave hadsuccessby convening regular"Resource brownfield communitiesshouldconnectwiththehandfuloffederalagenciesmost active in task isbecomingtougherasfederalresourcesbecome scarce andmorecompetitiv creative inmakingfederalfundingandassistanceprogramsfit thelocalbrownfield needs. This brownfields successistotakeadvantage ofthese federalresourcesandassistance. agencies continuetobeavaluable resourceforlocalcommunities, andakeytolocal of keyagenciesthattargetedresourcestothe brownfields problem.These keyfederal on the strongpartnershipthatemergedbetween localcommunitiesandthe "federalfamily" The pastdecadeofAmericanprogressinbrownfields revitalizationwas basedinlargepart  Further Resources:

Partner withKey FederalAgencies these programs were enacted as a way to attract private investment while limiting public ways, by limiting risk or offsetting critical costs such as those for site assessments. Most of leverage additional resources more easily. About half a dozen programs do this in various build on very real and practical opportunities to promote linkages across programs and playing field between greenfield and brownfield sites. Innovative programs to support brownfield financing by helping to level the economic Most often,thisinvolves bondissueproceedsordedicatedstaterevenues forthis purpose. brownfield activitiesthatthe private sectoravoids, suchassiteassessmentandcleanup. sector may feartotread.Nearly one-thirdofthestatesdedicateresourcestodirectlyfinance that cuttothechase, andmatchresourcestoneeds, usuallyinplaceswherethe private Direct financingeffortstargetedtobrownfields projects. These growth zones typically include a significant number of brownfield properties. infrastructure unless those facilities are constructed in and for designated growth zones. infrastructure funding for roads, sewer and water facilities, schools, or other community and efficient development patterns." Likewise, the State of Maryland will not provide state redevelopment, cultural and historic resources, environmental and agricultural resources, to establish state infrastructure priorities and budgets that "support infill development and spending. For example, Cal. Code Chapter 1016, passed into law last year, requires California Three keyEPA programs have helpedfinancevarious aspectsofbrownfield reuse. The Often, thiskeytobrownfield successrequireslocalcommunitiestobeproactive and Association ofStateandTerritorial SolidWaste ManagementOfficials,atwww.astswmo.org. State oftheStates,CharlesBartschandRachel Deane,Northeast-MidwestInstitute(2002) National GovernorsAssociation,CenterforBestPractices, atwww.nga.org/center typicallyprovides $200,000 grantstocities, towns, andother These types of state activities Basically, thesearetheprograms e. To succeed, UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 147 ), for for ), TBAs ( ) provides grants grants provides ) EDA

( to finance site cleanup. Private parties parties Private cleanup. site finance to (up to $200,000 over two years), years), two over $200,000 to (up targeted brownfields assessments brownfields targeted of $200,000 per site, and up to $1 million to help help to million $1 to up and site, per $200,000 of brownfields jobs training jobs brownfields grants Economic Development Administration Development Economic , , cleanup brownfield cleanup revolving loan funds loan revolving cleanup brownfield Department of Commerce of Department The The To date, only a few states, including Ohio, California, New York, Maryland, Iowa, Maryland, Iowa, including Ohio, California, New York, only a few states, date, To State clean water revolving funds can cover the costs of activities like excavation and the costs of activities like excavation funds can cover revolving State clean water Another EPA funding program has great potential but has been little used. Each state has funding program has great potential but Another EPA EPA regional offices will also conduct or fund fund or conduct also will offices regional EPA Second, EPA provides provides EPA Second, for available also is funding EPA project resources on 50 to 60 brownfield-related projects each year. EDA's public works and and works public EDA's year. each projects brownfield-related 60 to 50 on resources project adjustment economic its while activities, development industrial supports program infrastructure development business enhance to funds loan revolving run locally capitalize can program include: EDA by funded projects brownfield-related Recent areas. distressed in activities Several federal programs have proven especially helpful to local officials pursuing brownfield helpful to local officials pursuing brownfield especially proven programs have federal Several Communities should focus on those agencies that are most active cleanup and reuse strategies. arena, including the following: in the brownfields brownfield made has EDA years, recent In activities. works public support to communities to its of percent 20 nearly spending often priorities, funding program its of one redevelopment example, the Ohio-based Grant Realty Company used a clean water revolving loan to remediate revolving used a clean water Company the Ohio-based Grant Realty example, and prepare it for industrial site in Cleveland and soils at a 20-acre contaminated groundwater the income stream from a tank cleaning operation, is coming from Repayment commercial use. with a personal loan guarantee and second mortgage as collateral. Connect with the Most Active Federal Agencies allows communities, municipalities, individuals, citizen groups, and non-profit organizations and non-profit organizations citizen groups, individuals, municipalities, communities, allows as fees paid by loans are repaid through sources such Usually, to be loan recipients. stormwater taxes, government dedicated portions of state or local recreational fees, developers, user charges. or wastewater management fees, For projects to use these resources. encouraged brownfield Wisconsin, and New Mexico, have broad EPA guidelines, and brownfield projects with a water connection can access these state connection can access projects with a water and brownfield guidelines, broad EPA subject to state programs and procedures. funds, disposal and removal, excavation, capping of wells; disposal of underground storage tanks; or or Phase I and II assessments, abandonment; of contaminated soil or sediments; well fund resources; EPA use its revolving who may remedial planning. Each state determines abandoned structures were demolished and the contamination cleaned up. While the city funded funded city the While up. cleaned contamination the and demolished were structures abandoned costs. cleanup of reimbursement for owners former the pursued EPA cleanup, extensive this which are used to Fund programs, State Revolving capital to operate Clean Water been given quality water for projects that improve years or 30 or no-interest loans of up to 20 make low within the states, Project priorities are set by brownfields. the cleanup of waterfront including — with a playground and paths for running and biking. The property's building had been used as a a as used been had building property's The biking. and running for paths and playground a with taxes. unpaid for property the on foreclosed city the until warehouse and contamination suspected regarding fears as abandoned, stood property the years 17 For contacted Town Old bay. at purchasers potential kept cleanup expensive for responsibility property's the of extent the determined EPA and property, the with assistance seeking EPA property's the assessment, $20,000 a Following program. TBA its under contamination eligible individual brownfield sites. This targeted approach may be preferable for communities communities for preferable be may approach targeted This sites. brownfield individual eligible spark to instead but program, brownfields overall an establish to seeking not are that EPA's with worked locality the Maine, Town, Old in example, For site. targeted a at revitalization formerly of acres four up) clean then (and assess to program assessment brownfields targeted area recreational a now is site The River. Penobscot the of banks the on property contaminated communities capitalize capitalize communities contamination. the cause or to contribute not did they as long as fund loan this into tap may of cleanup facilitate to brownfields by affected communities of residents for training provide to field. environmental the in employment future for trainees prepare and sites brownfields 148

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization significant resourcesandflexibility. ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ use theprograms ofthe ◗ ◗ ◗ winners include: Development Initiative in Section108 tobuildseniorhousing. create alocalbrownfield revolving loanfund.SanLuisObisbo,Californiaisusing$1.5million the properties. Mid-sizedcitiessuchasYonkers, NewYork have usedSection108 proceedsto construction loansondowntown projects, withthedevelopers repaying thenotesuponsaleof are targeting Section 108 to brownfield projects. For example, Denver is using 108 for short-term removal oftoxiccontaminantsaspartthesesitepreparationactivities. Moreandmorecities rehabilitation, orrelatedactivitiestoolargeforsingle-year blockgrantfunding.Thiscaninclude 108 was authorizedtohelpcitiesfinancesiteclearance, propertyacquisition,infrastructure, revolving loanfundsforbrownfield purposes. new multi-familyhousing.Othercities, suchasLosAngeles, have usedCDBGtocapitalizelocal has usedblockgrantfundstopay forcleanupatitsMcCommasBluffsite, whichistargetedfor Massachusetts have usedCDBGtocleanuptargetedcitysitesfornewindustrialuses. Dallas resources directlyforbrownfield purposes. CitiesranginginsizefromChicagotoSomerville, the useofCDBGfundsforbrownfields. Inrecentyears, dozensofcitieshave usedCDBG time ofpublicationthisreport,HUDhadproposedaregulationtoclarifyandfacilitate been definedasaneligibleblockgrantactivity, andspecificallyputintolaw in1997.At the blight, andmeetingurgentcommunityneeds. Copingwithbrownfields contaminationhas objectives — helping low andmoderateincomepeople, addressingconditionsofslumsand are spentisalocaldecision,withinbroadHUDguidelinesthatfocusonitsthreenational smaller communitiesmustaccesssuchfundsthroughtheircountyorstate all size. Larger"entitlementcommunities"receive adirectCDBGallocationfrom HUD,while $600,000tocapitalizeaRLFin $200,000 ineconomicadjustmentassistancetosupportaPhaseIIassessmentofmillsite $668,000inpublicworks fundingforanincubatorexpansionin $923,000inpublicworks fundingtorenovate anoldfactoryintoamulti-tenantfacilityin development onbrownfield sites. reuse projectin U road, rail,andutilityupgrading. modern industrialpark,doing soilremediationaspartofsitepreparationthatwill include loan toacquireandredevelop 100 acresofthe385acreformerIngersollRand siteinto a Phillipsburg and distributionoperation,aminorleaguebaseball stadium;and will beconverted intoamultipurposefacilityhousingoffice andretailspace, awarehousing funding tocompleteenvironmentalsitework anddemolitionataformersteelplant, which Provo office project; guarantee forsitepreparationandremediationattheUnion ShipCanalcommercialand Buffalo U.S. DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment If acommunitycantieitsbrownfields projecttowater orwater quality, itmay beableto HUD hastraditionallyprovided $25millionannuallyforits HUD's niontown , Utah , whichisusing$240,000inBEDIfundsanda$3million Section1 Section 108 loanguarantee program , , , whichisusinga$1millionBEDIgrantand$3.5 inSection1 NewJersey Pennsylvania Redding ( BEDI U.S. ArmyCorps ofEngineers , whichisusinga$500,000 BEDIgrantand$2.5millionSection108 , ; ). Thesegrantfundsareawarded competitively. Recent BEDI California Community DevelopmentBlockGrants Racine ; and , Wisconsin islinkedtotheblockgrantprogram.Section . TheCorpshelps civiliancommunities , whichwillfocusonnewbusiness ( HUD ) programsoffercommunities Brownfield Economic Cleveland, Ohio areprovided tocitiesof . How thosefunds 08 loan ; 08 UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 149 funds for Department of Transportation In Portland, Oregon, transportation planners drew the alignment for a new road through a In Portland, Some communities have made creative use of made creative Some communities have CAP authorities that can support local brownfields initiatives include Section 1135, 1135, include Section initiatives can support local brownfields CAP authorities that marketable — typically by expanding access for vehicles, freight, or passengers; or expanding access for vehicles, typically by — marketable and other transportation structures can be used as caps to limit exposure. parking lots, common include roads and rail yards; common include roads and rail yards; Indianapolis and Indiana. After the great flood of 1913, levees and flood walls were built were and flood walls levees of 1913, great flood Indianapolis and Indiana. After the these flood control structures became However, floods. to protect the city from ravaging public spaces and The new design has created cutting the city off from its river. barriers, equal flood protection. while providing edge, along the water's continuous walkways Riverpoint West and Agri-mergent Technology Park areas, where brownfields will beconverted beconverted will brownfields where areas, Park Technology Agri-mergent and West Riverpoint that designs with rivers, urban these on projects development industrial and mixed-use to techniques. development impact low and space, recreational space, open incorporate the environmental to reverse was Project." The goal of the project Indianapolis Waterfront asset for the citizens of reclaim this valuable and and economic decline of the White River riverwalk, develop constructed wetlands, and address flood control needs along the Des Des the along needs control flood address and wetlands, constructed develop riverwalk, the on activities includes project This Moines. Des downtown in Rivers Raccoon and Moines part of the transportation solution is also part of the environmental solution, where roads, the most — be a transportation facility in need of upgrading site itself may the brownfield more site are needed to make the brownfield improvements transportation system Indiana on the "Central The Corps of Engineers has partnered with Indianapolis, new a build to Iowa Moines, Des of City the with partnered has Engineers of Corps The largely abandoned industrial area to incorporate the worst contaminated areas of the tract, so largely abandoned industrial area to incorporate the worst preparation. money to clean up the sites as part of basic roadway that they could use highway because of access to less contaminated, more valuable which were This made adjoining sites, the new four-lane road. ◗ brownfield purposes. As a growing number of case studies show, transportation projects can be number of case studies show, As a growing purposes. brownfield projects in three ways: connected with brownfield ◗ ◗ ◗ goals of local governments. Examples of successful brownfield partnerships between the Corps between partnerships Examples of successful brownfield goals of local governments. and local communities include the following. ◗ Restoration; Section 204, Beneficial Use of Dredged Material (for Ecosystem Restoration); and Restoration); Material (for Ecosystem Beneficial Use of Dredged Section 204, Restoration; programmatic sediments). Additional Environmental Dredging (contaminated Section 312, and River the Section 729 Watershed including assistance, broad planning authorities empower Section 22 Planning Assistance to States program, among Basin Assessments program, and the and expanding these limited communities support the concept of optimizing Many others. revitalization and watershed meet the urban waterfront Corps authorities so that they can better brownfields and other livability efforts through its Civil Works authorities. The majority of Civil The majority of Civil authorities. through its Civil Works efforts and other livability brownfields Projects that Congressional authorization and appropriations. authorities require special Works without congressional authorization in federal share can be supported cost less than $5 million Program" (CAP). Authorities under the "Continuing Ecosystem Aquatic of the Environment; Section 206, for Improvement Project Modifications through a variety of planning, design, and construction, program and project management, management, project and program construction, and design, of planning, a variety through has provided The Corps activities. operation and maintenance and real estate, contracting, and control site planning, flood including to local communities assistance brownfields environmental sites, waste of hazardous remediation response, emergency navigation, infrastructure projects, recreational waterfront and compliance, stewardship restoration, assists community Corps primarily The Army development. resource and water renewal, 150

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ Grants ◗ ◗ Loan guarantees ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ Loans funding sources. construction. Many ofthese areintendedforuseinconjunctionwithprivate of brownﬁeld reusefrombasic sitepreparation,assessmentandcleanup, Communities have usedthefollowing federalprogramstohelpﬁnancevarious aspects

and rehabilitationprograms) DOT (various system construction adjustment EDA publicworks andeconomic loan fund,andjobtraininggrants EPA assessment,cleanup,revolving Block Grants HUD's CommunityDevelopment Development Initiative (BEDI) HUD's Brownfield Economic programs SBA's Section7(a)andLow-Doc HUD's Section108 loanguarantees loan funds EPA capitalized clean water revolving company debentures SBA's Section504 development SBA's microloans loan funds EPA capitalizedbrownfield revolving CDBG loansand"floats" HUD fundsforlocallydetermined revolving loanfunds) EDA's TitleIX(capitalfor local Federal FinancialAssistancePrograms— What AppliestoBrownfieldActivities? ◗ Equity capital ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ Tax-advantaged zones ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ financing Tax incentivesandtax-exempt ◗

Companies SBA's SmallBusinessInvestment shared services) Army CorpsofEngineers(cost- (TCSP) grants community system preservation DOT's transportationand Communities (various incentives) HUD/USDA Enterprise (various incentives) HUD/USDA Empowerment Zones New MarketsTax Credits Industrial development bonds Low-income housingtaxcredits Historic rehabilitationtaxcredits costs (through12/31/03) Expensing ofbrownﬁeld cleanup investments Federal HomeLoanBankequity

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 151 offers a number . Emeryville also used . Emeryville can assist brownﬁelds projects. projects. can assist brownﬁelds U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Treasury is directly targeted to private owners of owners to private is directly targeted is designed to infuse investment capital into low- capital into is designed to infuse investment — can support development activities that include support development can —

, which can be used to support brownﬁeld projects, and projects, to support brownﬁeld , which can be used — are available at low interest rates to public or private rates to public or private interest at low available are —

— provide operating capital and ﬁnance to emerging private business business private emerging to ﬁnance and capital operating provide —

brownﬁeld tax expensing incentive brownﬁeld New Markets Tax Credit Program Credit New Markets Tax low-income housing tax credits low-income housing In terms of rural development resources, the resources, In terms of rural development The The federal Three federal tax incentives overseen by the by overseen Three federal tax incentives Emeryville, California has connected various pots of transportation funding to their funding of transportation pots various has connected California Emeryville, Rural development grants development Rural plant, buildings, of modernization or enlargement, "conversion, for including industry, and factory old an taking as such activities include potentially could grants These equipment". and park. business mixed-use a or incubator, business small a into it turning and Community facility loans and grants Community facility industrial park sites or access ways. Business and industry loans the "economic and environmental climate in rural communities." organizations to improve

federal officials to discuss how their resources could fit into the project. Most of the Brownfield their resources could fit into the project. Most of the Brownfield federal officials to discuss how the smaller example, For Communities used such roundtables to great advantage. Showcase million for the revitalization able to raise approximately $40 was New York, City of Glen Cove, using annual resources roundtables as the means to attract of its contaminated waterfront, commitments and contributions. Convene a Resource Roundtable Convene a Resource success in obtaining federal agency resources often takes a pro-active As discussed above, a local community that fits the "square peg" of federal programs into the "round approach by regular "Resource One winning approach is to convene projects. hole" of local brownfields and other potential supporters, that bring together key federal agency officials, Roundtables" and ask these needs and projects, of brownfields overviews that provide into workshops ◗ are applicable. Rural development programs to consider include: development Rural are applicable. ◗ ◗ income communities to support brownfields revitalization and other community development revitalization and other community development income communities to support brownfields program to is planning to use this and Ohio developer As mentioned previously, activities. manufacturing facility in Cleveland. of a battery financing for the redevelopment leverage The real challenge is to make project activities. of programs that can be used for brownfield they why and show programs, needs and financing gaps fit the basic eligibility criteria of these Taxpayer Relief Act, but got little use because geographic and poverty targeting criteria made it got little use because geographic and poverty but Act, Relief Taxpayer Congress eliminated those targeting 2000, But on December 21, difficult to understand and use. incentive. of the can take advantage site owner brownfield essentially any criteria, and now Congress is expected ( as of September 2003, expired on December 31, While this incentive pending tax initiative. to extend it again as part of a broader 2004) working towards making the brownfields/housing connection with these tax credits. with these tax credits. connection making the brownfields/housing towards working they incur costs in the year can deduct environmental cleanup Taxpayers contaminated sites. assessment and Eligible costs include site time. to capitalize them over them, rather than having cleanup and state voluntary costs, operations and maintenance monitoring costs, cleanup costs, Congress in 1997, as part of the first passed by was The incentive fees. program oversight One is purposes. properties for residential in reusing brownfield interest of the growing take advantage credits to use to attract housing tax allocation of federal low-income Each state gets an capital for housing an important role in attracting and they can play projects, financing to these cities are number of other Oregon and a growing Portland, Milwaukee, sites. on brownfield brownfield reuse strategies. For example, the city successfully marketed an old Chevron tank an old Chevron tank marketed the city successfully example, For reuse strategies. brownfield of redevelopment City is promoting main station. The Area Bay Amtrak for its new facility to caps as contamination using roadways residential uses, into office and brownfields adjoining reuse strategies to ease their control of the ongoing institutional and part all these sites together. linking network to construct a pedestrian dollars federal transportation 152

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Further Resources: Further Resources: continue tobuildonsuccessinEastPalo Alto,anditcaninyour communitytoo. poised toturnaroundthechallengeof130 acreRavenswood industrialarea.Successwill Alto's firstbrownfields projecthasbeenagateway tooverall success, andthecommunityisnow IKEA store, andafive-fold overall increaseintheCity'sannualsalestaxrevenue. EastPalo community of30,000 people, theconstructionofanewluxuryFour Seasonshotel,andanew property values. Gateway hashelpedleadtotheopening ofthefirstfullservicebankinthis stores, 500 newjobs, $1.6 millionmoreintaxbaseannually, andaneight-foldincreasein created amixed-usehousingandretailpower center, with450 new housingunits, majornew community eventually gotonboardwiththebrownfields vision. persistence, anddedicatedadvocacy topotentialstateandlocalfunders, thecitizensin with theGateway 101 Revitalization projectasafirststep.Usingtown meetings, charrettes, local leadersofEastPalo Altowere dedicatedtotheirvisionofrevitalization,andtheystarted services community borninstrife, plaguedby poverty, crime, lackofinfrastructureandcommunity projects. future for funding further raise to opportunities increases and next, the to project one move from to programs brownfield local of ability the enhances This projects. brownfields on made progress the celebrate to officials national and state local, with together community the bring to ceremonies other and ribbon-cutting groundbreaking, use also should Localities information. other and publications, community-based media, news the with relationships good byestablishing high it keeping and interest, building out, word the bygetting ones, community pocketpark,canbesuccessesthatareasimportantthebigbro The demolitionofanoldbuilding,orthecleanupabandonedgasstationintoasmall know whatnaysayers and skepticscando.Thismakesitessentialtoachieve smallsuccesses. investors, andeven publicofficialshave lostfaiththatthesesitescanbeputbacktouse. We all the confidenceofcommunity, andbuildingfromthere. Oftentimes, thecommunity, toward progress, togive confidencetothe communityandbrownfields stakeholder To succeedinanoverall brownfields vision,alocalcommunitymustmakesmallsteps  NothingSucceedsLikeSuccess Today, Gateway hasprogressed beyond thecommunity's expectations. Theproject has The successstoryofEastPalo Altoisoneofthemostinspiringaround.Thiswas a "little" even successes, publicize and celebrate, promote, should governments Local This keyisabouttakingsuccessonestepatatime

—and blightedby years ofindustrialandagriculturalpollution.Butthepeople County ManagementAssociation&theNortheast-MidwestInstitute(2001) Brownfields Blueprints:AStudyoftheShowcaseCommunitiesInitiative,InternationalCity/ mmatters.htm#fedprtnr EPA Brownfields Office"FederalPartnerships andResources", atwww.epa.gov/brownfields/ htm (November2002); EPA Brownfields FederalPartnership ActionAgenda,atwww.epa.gov/brownfields/partnr. Midwest Institute(2004); Guide toFederalBrownfieldsPrograms, CharlesBartsch&BarbaraWells, Northeast- Thomas Groenveld,International City/CountyManagementAssociation(2002) Measuring SuccessinBrownfield Redevelopment Programs, byKathryn Whitemanand

—achieving progressquickly, gaining wnﬁeld victories. s. UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 153

Environmental Law Institute (ELI) DC 20036 Washington, phone: (202) 939-3800 http://www.eli.org/ Institute (EPRI) Research Electric Power Alto, CA Palo http://www.epri.com/ http://www.cclr.org/ Center for Public Environmental Oversight (CPEO) DC Washington, (202) 452-8039 http://www.cpeo.org Council of Great Lakes Governors Chicago, IL (312) 407-0177 http://www.cglg.org/ Colorado Brownfields Foundation Littleton, CO (303) 991-0074 http://www.coloradobrownfieldsfoundation.org The Environmental Council of the States (ECOS) DC Washington, (202) 624-3660 www.sso.org/ecos/ Environmental Defense NY New York, (212) 505-2100 http://www.environmentaldefense.org/ Brownfields/Smart Growth Research Group Growth Research Brownfields/Smart Louisville at the University of Louisville, KY (502) 852-8152 http://cepm.louisville.edu/organization /BSGRG/bsgrg.htm (CCLR) California Center for Land Recycling CA San Francisco, (415) 398-1080 Center for Brownfields Initiatives at the University of New Orleans New Orleans, LA (504) 280-7413 www.brownfields.com Brownfields Center at Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA (412) 268-7121 http://www.ce.cmu.edu/Brownfields/ http://www.astm.org/ Solid Waste Association of State and Territorial Management Officials (ASTSWMO) DC Washington, (202) 624-5828 http://www.astswmo.org/ (202) 898-2444 http://www.asla.org/ and Materials American Society for Testing (ASTM) Conshohocken, PA West (610) 832-9585 American Planning Association (APA) DC Washington, (202) 872-0611 http://www.planning.org/ American Society of Landscape Architects DC Washington, (412) 232-3444 http://www.awma.org/ (AFT) American Farmland Trust DC Washington, (202) 331-7300 http://www.farmland.org/ Research Organizations and Organizations and Research Associations Professional Management Association Air & Waste Pittsburgh, PA Brownfields Resources Brownfields 154

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization (646) 728-3800 New York, NY International CouncilofShoppingCenters http://www.greenlining.org/ (510) 926-4000 Berkeley, CA Greenlining Institute http://www.eswp.com/ (412) 261-0710 Pittsburgh, PA (ESWP) Engineers' SocietyofWestern Pennsylvania http://www.brownfieldassociation.org (773) 714-0407 Chicago, IL National BrownfieldAssociation (NBA) http://www.naid.org/ (202) 822-5256 Washington, DC (NAID) National AssociationofInstallationDevelopers http://www.naiop.org/ (703) 904-7100 Herndon, VA Properties (NAIOP) National AssociationofIndustrial&Office http://www.nado.org/ (202) 624-7806 Washington, DC20001 Organizations (NADO) National AssociationofDevelopment http://www.naccho.org/ (202) 783-5550 Washington, DC City HealthOfficials National AssociationofCountyand http://www.naco.org/ (202) 393-6226 Washington, DC National AssociationofCounties(NaCO) http://www.iedconline.org/aboutus_top.html (202) 223-7800 Washington, DC Development (CUED) (IEDC), International EconomicDevelopmentCouncil http://www.icma.org/ (202) 289-4262 Washington, DC Association (ICMA) International City/CountyManagement http://www.icsc.org/ formerly theCouncilforUrbanEconomic

The Trust forPublicLand http://www.picced.org/ (718) 636-3486 New York, NY Environmental Development(PICCED) Pratt InstituteCenterforCommunity& http://www.nationaltrust.org/ (202) 588-6000 Washington, DC National Trust forHistoricPreservation http://www.nga.org/center/ (202) 624-5300 Washington, DC Center forBestPractices National Governors'Association http://www.policy.rutgers.edu/brownfields/ Fax: (732)932-0934 New Brunswick,NJ Rutgers University & BrownfieldsRedevelopment at National CenterforNeighborhood brownfields.html http://www.azdeq.gov/environ/waste/cleanup/ (800) 234-5677 Phoenix, AZ Brownfields AssistanceProgram Arizona DepartmentofEnvironmental Quality, http://www.state.ak.us/dec/spar/csp/index.htm (907) 451-2143 Fairbanks, AK Remediation Program Conservation, ContaminatedSites Alaska DepartmentofEnvironmental http://www.adem.state.al.us/ (334) 271-7700 Montgomery, AL Management Alabama DepartmentofEnvironmental State EnvironmentalAgencies http://www.uli.org/ (202) 624-7000 Washington, DC Urban LandInstitute(ULI) http://www.usmayors.org/ (202) 293-7330 Washington, DC The UnitedStatesConferenceofMayors http://www.tpl.org/ (415) 495-4014 San Francisco, CA

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 155

Brownfields Program Lansing, MI (517) 373-9837 http://www.michigan.gov/deq/1,1607,7-135-3311_ 4110_4220---CI,00.html Control Agency Minnesota Pollution MN St. Paul, (651) 296-6300 http://www.pca.state.mn.us/cleanup/brownfields.html Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, Quality, Environmental of Department Louisiana Program Remediation/Brownfields Voluntary LA Baton Rouge, (225) 219-3192 http://www.deq.state.la.us/remediation/ias/vcp.htm Maine Department of Environmental Action/ Response Voluntary Protection, Brownfields Program Augusta, ME (207) 287-4854 http://www.state.me.us/dep/rwm/rem/brown.htm Maryland Department of the Environment, Cleanup Program Brownfields Voluntary Baltimore, MD (410) 537-3000 http://www.mde.state.md.us/Programs/ LandPrograms/ERRP_Brownfields/index.asp Massachusetts Department of Environmental Brownfields Program Protection, Boston, MA (617) 556-1138 http://www.mass.gov/dep/bwsc/brownfld.htm Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Indiana Department of Environmental of Environmental Department Indiana Brownfields Program Management, IN Indianapolis, (317)234-0235 http://www.in.gov/idem/land/brownfields/ Resources, of Natural Iowa Department Brownfields Information Des Moines, IA (515) 281-8900 http://www.iowadnr.com/land/consites/brownfields/ conbrownfields.html of Health and Department Kansas Section Environment, Remedial KS Topeka, (785) 296-1675 http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/remedial/index.html and Environmental Natural Resources Kentucky Environmental Cabinet, Voluntary Protection Program Remediation KY Frankfort, (502) 564-6716 http://www.waste.ky.gov/

Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Agency, Illinois Environmental Protection Brownfields Assistance Program Springfield, IL (217) 524-1321 http://www.epa.state.il.us/land/brownfields/index.html http://www.hawaii.gov/doh/eh/heer/vrp.html Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, Management and Remediation Waste Boise, ID (208) 373-0495 http://www.deq.state.id.us/waste/waste1.htm (888) 373.5947 http://www.dnr.state.ga.us/dnr/environ/ Hawaii Department of Health, Program Response Voluntary Honolulu, HI (808) 586-4400 Tallahassee, FL Tallahassee, (850) 245-2118 http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/ brownfields/default.htm Georgia Department of Natural Resources Atlanta, GA Dover, DE Dover, (302) 739-4764 http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/dnrec2000/Divisions/ AWM/sirb/brownfield.asp Florida Department of Environmental Brownfields Program Protection, Environmental Protection Hartford, CT (860) 424-3000 http://dep.state.ct.us/index.htm and Resources Natural of Department Delaware Program Brownfields Control, Environmental Environment, Hazardous Materials and Environment, Hazardous Management Division Waste CO Denver, (888) 569-1831 http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/hm/hmhom.asp Connecticut Department of California Department of Toxic Substance of Toxic California Department Loan Program Control, CLEAN Brownfields Sacramento, CA (800) 72TOXIC http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/index.html of Public Health and California Department Arkansas Department of Environmental Environmental of Department Arkansas Program Brownfields Quality, AR Little Rock, (501) 682-0867 http://www.adeq.state.ar.us/hazwaste/branch_ inactive_sites/brownfields.htm 156

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization Montana DepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality, http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/env/remediation.htm (800) 361-4827 Jefferson City, MO Air andLandDivision Missouri DepartmentofNaturalResources, Home?OpenDocument http://www.deq.state.ms.us/MDEQ.nsf/page/Main_ (601) 961-5171 Jackson, MS Quality, BrownfieldsProgram Mississippi DepartmentofEnvironmental http://www.ncbrownfields.org/welcome.htm (919) 733-4996 Raleigh, NC and NaturalResources, BrownfieldsProgram North CarolinaDepartment of theEnvironment http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/der/ (518) 402-9401 Albany, NY Conservation, Remediation Division New York DepartmentofEnvironmental Contacts.html http://www.nmenv.state.nm.us/Common/NMED_ (505) 827-2855 Santa Fe,NM New Mexico EnvironmentalDepartment http://www.state.nj.us/dep/srp/brownfields/ (609) 292-1251 Trenton, NJ Program Protection, SiteRemediation/Brownfields New JerseyDepartmentofEnvironmental http://www.des.state.nh.us/orcb_hwrb.htm (603) 271-3644 Concord, NH Services, SiteRemediation Programs New HampshireDepartmentofEnvironmental http://ndep.nv.gov/ (775) 687-4670 Carson City, NV Brownfield Program Nevada DivisionofEnvironmentalProtection, http://www.deq.state.ne.us/ (402) 471-2186 Lincoln, NE Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality http://www.deq.state.mt.us/rem/Index.asp (406) 841-5000 Helena, MT Remediation Programs

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wmc/cleanup/brn0.htm (503) 229-5585 Portland, OR Brownfields Program Oregon DepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality, brownfindex.html http://www.deq.state.ok.us/lpdnew/ (405) 702-5100 Oklahoma City, OK Environmental Quality Oklahoma Departmentof http://www.epa.state.oh.us/derr/ (614) 644-2924 Columbus, OH Remedial Response Ohio EPA Division ofEmergencyand index.htm http://www.health.state.nd.us/ndhd/environ/wm/ (701) 328-5166 Bismark, ND Division ofWaste Management North DakotaDepartmentofHealth, http://www.state.tn.us/environment/ (888) 891-TDEC Nashville, TN and AssistanceProgram Conservation, Voluntary Cleanup,Oversight Tennessee DepartmentofEnvironmentand /wasteprg.htm http://www.state.sd.us/denr/des/wastemgn (605) 773-3153 Pierre, SD Waste Management Program Environment andNaturalResources, South DakotaDepartmentof http://www.scdhec.net/lwm/ (803) 896-4000 Columbia, SC Assessment andRemediation Environmental Control,DivisionofSite South CarolinaDepartmentofHeathand waste/index.htm http://www.state.ri.us/dem/programs/benviron/ (401) 222-2797 Providence, RI Management, OfficeofWaste Management Rhode IslandDepartmentofEnvironmental wm/landrecy/default.htm http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/airwaste/ Harrisburg, PA Protection, LandRecycling Program Pennsylvania DepartmentofEnvironmental

UNLOCKING BROWNFIELDS: Keys to Community Revitalization 157

http://www.fta.dot.gov U.S. Department of Transportation: Federal Highway Administration http://www.fhwa.dot.gov U.S. Department of Treasury: Community Development Financial Institutions Fund http://www.cdfifund.gov/ Services: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences http://www.niehs.nih.gov/wetp/program/ brownfields.htm U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development: Brownfields http://www.hud.gov/library/bookshelf07/bfields.cfml U.S. Department of Interior http://www.doi.gov/oepc U.S. Department of Interior: Service National Park http://www.nps.gov U.S. Department of Interior: Office of Surface Mining http://www.osmre.gov and Seed U.S. Department of Justice: Weed http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/eows U.S. Department of Labor http://www.dol.gov U.S. Department of Transportation: Administration Federal Transit U.S. Department of Commerce Department U.S. Administration Economic Development http://www.doc.gov/eda of Commerce U. S. Department Administration and Atmospheric National Oceanic http://www.noaa.gov Defense: U.S. Department of Army Corps of Engineers http://www.lrd.usace.army.mil/gl/brown.htm Defense: U. S. Department of Office of Economic Adjustment http://emissary.acq.osd.mil/oea/home.nsf Energy U.S. Department of http://www.energy.gov U.S. Department of Health and Human Substances and Services: Agency for Toxic Disease Registry http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ U. S. Department of Health and Human

Rural Development Rural http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/ Appalachian Regional Commission Appalachian Regional http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=1765 U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service http://www.fs.fed.us Federal Agencies Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Brownfields http://www.epa.gov/brownfields Brownfields Program http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/aw/rr/ Quality Department of Environmental Wyoming (307) 777-7937 http://www.deq.state.wy.us West Virginia Department of Environmental Environmental of Department Virginia West Remediation Environmental of Office Protection, Charleston, WV (304) 558-4253 http://www.dep.state.wv.us/ Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Washington Department of Ecology, Site Department of Ecology, Washington Cleanup, Sediments, and Underground Information Storage Tank Olympia, WA http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/tcp/cleanup.html Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, of Environmental Quality, Virginia Department Program Brownfields/Land Renewal Richmond, VA (804) 698-4000 http://www.deq.state.va.us/brownfieldweb/ homepage.html http://www.eq.state.ut.us/ Agency of Natural Resources, Vermont Management Division Waste VT Waterbury, (802) 241-3888 http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/wmd.htm Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Commission, Conservation Resource Natural Texas Initiative Redevelopment Brownfields Austin, TX http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/about.html Quality of Environmental Utah Department UT Salt Lake City, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation General Services Administration http://www.fdic.gov/ http://www.gsa.gov

Federal Housing Finance Board Small Business Administration http://www.fhfb.gov http://www.sbaonline.sba.gov

“Congress enacted the Brownfields Revitalization Act to support innovative local, state, and private sector initiatives to clean up and redevelop brownfields. This Unlocking Brownfields report demonstrates the tremendous opportunities for community progress and economic growth at America’s brownfields.” — U.S. Senator James Inhofe, Chairman, Senate Environment and Public Works Committee

“Brownﬁelds renewal is a key strategy for growing greener, and the Unlocking Brownﬁelds report highlights ways to succeed in that endeavor.” — Governor Ed Rendell, State of Pennsylvania

“Communities like St. Louis are striving to enhance local quality of life and economic progress through brownfields revitalization. This Unlocking Brownfields report shows how the public and private sectors can build a brownfields partnership from the ground up.” — Mayor Francis Slay, City of St. Louis, Missouri

“Brownfields revitalization is about people willing to make positive change in their communities. This Unlocking Brownfields report showcases remarkable people and wonderful communities who are turning their brownfields back into productive places again.” — Linda Garczynski, Director, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Brownfields Cleanup and Redevelopment

“Brownﬁeld redevelopments have proven to be attractive business opportunities that also provide for economic revitalization and environmental preservation. As you’ll see in this Unlocking Brownﬁelds report, businesses are discovering that it makes sense to form strong partnerships with local communities to pursue smart growth initiatives.” — Kevin P. Fitzpatrick, President, AIG Global Real Estate Investment Corp.