Mafeking'srelief Announced with Baden-Powell at Mafeking
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'It Was the Best Oftimes, It Was the Worst Oftimes '1
'It was the best oftimes, it was the worst oftimes '1 Natal and the Anglo-Boer War of1899-19022 At the outbreak of the Anglo-Boer War the British colony of Natal stood to gain and to lose by virtue of its geographical position, and duly did both as the ensuing conflict unfolded. The territory was obviously vulnerable to Boer invasion, yet the support of its inhabitants for the British war effort was not as axiomatic as might be supposed. The reaction of the colony's African majority to the prospect of war was not recorded, though many were to be affected and some actively involved in what was supposed to be a whites-only conflict. Most white Natalians were slow to rally to the flag as they wrestled with ambivalent feelings towards the Boer republics and uncertainty concerning the sincerity of aggressive imperial diplomacy in southern Africa. Significantly, perhaps, when war was declared less than 20% of the colony's white adult male popUlation of military age (20 to 40 years old) enlisted for service, excluding the existing rifle associations which were on standby.3 Pre-war sentiment Whi le the imperial defeats of 1881, CLl lminating at Majuba, still rankled in loyalist hearts, by the 1890s Natal inescapably depended more than ever before upon the overberg trade as a source of both public and private income. President Kruger was wamily received when he visited the colony in April 1891 to celebrate the completion ofthe main Natal railway line to Charlestown on the Transvaal border.4 By then more than 62% of Natal's imports, upon which customs duties and railway rates were levied, were bound for the interior republics. -
Ireland and the South African War, 1899-1902 by Luke Diver, M.A
Ireland and the South African War, 1899-1902 By Luke Diver, M.A. THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF PH.D. DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH Head of Department: Professor Marian Lyons Supervisors of Research: Dr David Murphy Dr Ian Speller 2014 i Table of Contents Page No. Title page i Table of contents ii Acknowledgements iv List of maps and illustrations v List of tables in main text vii Glossary viii Maps ix Personalities of the South African War xx 'A loyal Irish soldier' xxiv Cover page: Ireland and the South African War xxv Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Irish soldiers’ experiences in South Africa (October - December 1899) 19 Chapter 2: Irish soldiers’ experiences in South Africa (January - March 1900) 76 Chapter 3: The ‘Irish’ Imperial Yeomanry and the battle of Lindley 109 Chapter 4: The Home Front 152 Chapter 5: Commemoration 198 Conclusion 227 Appendix 1: List of Irish units 240 Appendix 2: Irish Victoria Cross winners 243 Appendix 3: Men from Irish battalions especially mentioned from General Buller for their conspicuous gallantry in the field throughout the Tugela Operations 247 ii Appendix 4: General White’s commendations of officers and men that were Irish or who were attached to Irish units who served during the period prior and during the siege of Ladysmith 248 Appendix 5: Return of casualties which occurred in Natal, 1899-1902 249 Appendix 6: Return of casualties which occurred in the Cape, Orange River, and Transvaal Colonies, 1899-1902 250 Appendix 7: List of Irish officers and officers who were attached -
The Great Boer War
The Great Boer War Arthur Conan Doyle The Great Boer War Table of Contents The Great Boer War.................................................................................................................................................1 Arthur Conan Doyle.......................................................................................................................................1 PREFACE TO THE FINAL EDITION.........................................................................................................2 CHAPTER 1. THE BOER NATIONS..........................................................................................................2 CHAPTER 2. THE CAUSE OF QUARREL...............................................................................................11 CHAPTER 3. THE NEGOTIATIONS........................................................................................................17 CHAPTER 4. THE EVE OF WAR.............................................................................................................22 CHAPTER 5. TALANA HILL....................................................................................................................30 CHAPTER 6. ELANDSLAAGTE AND RIETFONTEIN..........................................................................36 CHAPTER 7. THE BATTLE OF LADYSMITH........................................................................................40 CHAPTER 8. LORD METHUEN'S ADVANCE........................................................................................46 -
History 1886
How many bones must you bury before you can call yourself an African? Updated December 2009 A South African Diary: Contested Identity, My Family - Our Story Part D: 1886 - 1909 Compiled by: Dr. Anthony Turton [email protected] Caution in the use and interpretation of these data This document consists of events data presented in chronological order. It is designed to give the reader an insight into the complex drivers at work over time, by showing how many events were occurring simultaneously. It is also designed to guide future research by serious scholars, who would verify all data independently as a matter of sound scholarship and never accept this as being valid in its own right. Read together, they indicate a trend, whereas read in isolation, they become sterile facts devoid of much meaning. Given that they are “facts”, their origin is generally not cited, as a fact belongs to nobody. On occasion where an interpretation is made, then the commentator’s name is cited as appropriate. Where similar information is shown for different dates, it is because some confusion exists on the exact detail of that event, so the reader must use caution when interpreting it, because a “fact” is something over which no alternate interpretation can be given. These events data are considered by the author to be relevant, based on his professional experience as a trained researcher. Own judgement must be used at all times . All users are urged to verify these data independently. The individual selection of data also represents the author’s bias, so the dataset must not be regarded as being complete. -
Report Case Study 25
Case 1 2013/14: The Baden-Powell Desk by William Seuffert Expert adviser’s statement Reviewing Committee Secretary’s note: Please note that any illustrations referred to have not been reproduced on the Arts Council England Website EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Brief Description of item(s) A secretaire with marquetry depicting the people, topography, flora and fauna of New Zealand, incorporating the then coat of arms of Major-General Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1941, created 1st Baron Baden-Powell in 1929), and bearing a silver plaque which reads: ‘Presented to Major-General R. S. S. Baden-Powell by admirers in the province of Auckland, New Zealand, in recognition of distinguished services rendered to the Empire during the siege of Mafeking, from 13 Oct. 1899 to 17 May 1900’. The marquetry is made of New Zealand woods, including burr totara. The secretaire measures 167 cm high, 130 cm wide and 66 cm deep. It was made by William Seuffert (1858-1943) between 1900 and 1902 in Auckland, New Zealand, with the carvings attributed to Anton Teutenberg. It is in very good condition. The carving on the centre of the top is a modern reproduction based on photographs of the original. The marquetry on the front has faded. 2. Context When British forces relieved Mafeking (now Mafikeng) on 17 May 1900 the news was greeted with an extraordinary outpouring of celebrations throughout Britain and her colonies. In Auckland, a shilling subscription was launched to raise money for a gift in honour of Major-General Baden-Powell, who had been in charge of the besieged garrison. -
Rewriting Empire: the South African War, the English Popular Press, and Edwardian Imperial Reform
Rewriting Empire: The South African War, The English Popular Press, and Edwardian Imperial Reform Lauren Young Marshall Charlottesville, Virginia B.A. Longwood University, 2004 M.A. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2008 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The Department of History University of Virginia August, 2017 ________________________________ Dr. Stephen Schuker ________________________________ Dr. Erik Linstrum ________________________________ Dr. William Hitchcock ________________________________ Dr. Bruce Williams Copyright © 2017 Lauren Y Marshall Table of Contents ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS v INTRODUCTION 1 Historiographical Survey 12 CHAPTER ONE 33 The Press, The Newspapers, and The Correspondents The Pre-War Imperial Context 33 The Rise of The Popular Press 48 The Newspapers, The Correspondents, and Their 52 Motivations CHAPTER TWO 79 The Siege of Mafeking, Army Blunders, and Post-War Military Reform Early Mistakes 79 The Sieges: Mafeking and Its Aftermath 108 The Khaki Election of 1900 152 Post-War Military Reforms 159 CHAPTER THREE 198 Domestic Anti-War Activity, Pro-Boers, and Post-War Social Reform Anti-War Organizations and Demonstrations 198 The Concentration Camps, The Backlash, and Censorship 211 Post-War Social Reforms 227 CHAPTER FOUR 245 The Treaty of Vereeniging, The Fallout, Chamberlain, and Post-War Economic Reform The War’s Conclusion, Treaty Negotiations, and Reactions 245 Post-War Economic Reforms 255 South Africa as a Microcosm of Federation and The 283 Shifting Boer Myth CONCLUSION 290 The War’s Changing Legacy and The Power of the Press BIBLIOGRAPHY 302 i Abstract This dissertation explores the ways in which English newspaper correspondents during the South African War utilized their commentaries and dispatches from the front to expose British imperial weaknesses. -
NBWMA Vic Newsletter October 2013
i^ational ?^oer l^ar iHemorial ^^^otiation Patron-in-Chief: Her Excellency Ms Quentin Bryce AC Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia National Patron : General David Hurley AC DSC Chief of the Defence Force BOER WAR DESPATCHES OCTOBER 2013 - VICTORIA & TASMANIA VICTORIAN EDITOR PO Box 2006, Blackburn South 3130 Phone (03)9890 2465 FIRST AUSTRALIAN KILLED Colonel Plumer and his regiment went to Tuli. Between 11th October and 25th November the Tuli force had about IN THE BOER WAR 1.700 Boers opposing them and were frequently engaged. There was a lot of firing at watering parties and it was .Aiter our pre\"ious article on this matter we now during one of these skirmishes that George Nethercote belie-, e -.ve ha\ identiiied beyond doubt that George was killed in action at Rhodes Drift near Tuli on the Nethercott. sen.-ing with the Rhodesia Regiment, was 21st October 1899. This was only about 9 days after the Boer declaration the first Australian KIA in the Boer War. George of war and their invasion of British territory. In 'The Hodgskin Nethercott was bom m Beechwonh. Australians at the Boer War. Wallace states that the Victoria, in 1866 and was educated at Melbourne \y first fatal casualty on the British side occurred on Grammar School. He resided for a period in South 20th October so it is most unlikely that any Australian Yarra, Victoria and later was Town Clerk in was killed before Nethercott. Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. THEME FOR BOER WAR DAY 2014 He enlisted as a Private in D Company of the The Australian Bushmen and the Mafeking Defence Rhodesia Regiment on 12th August 1899. -
Of Bullets and Boys.Pdf
OF BULLETS THE PLACE OF STONES is famous for the siege in which Robert Baden-Powell defended the town of Mafeking (as the British spelt the name) in 1899-1900. Here, in outline, is the AND BOYS story of this town from its first beginnings, of its place in local African history, of Sol T. Plaatje, and of the idea which led to the worldwide Scouting Movement. The story of by Jay Heale MAFIKENG and its connection with the birth of SCOUTING The author and the South African Scout Association wish to thank Mr Geoffrey Phillips and the Mafikeng Museum for assistance during the research required for this book. Illustrations come from Chip Snaddon (front cover), the SACHED Trust graphic novel version of Mhudi and sketches by Robert Baden-Powell. © Jay Heale 1999 Published by the South African Scout Association P.O. Box 2434. Clareinch 7740. South Africa Internet edition 2003 SOUTH AFRICAN ISBN 0-947005-64-1 SCOUT ASSOCIATION Cover: Boer troops preparing to fire one of their four Schneider siege guns. The long poles were used to move the gun for aiming. he men crouched there, hiding. It was a good place to hunt. Vast herds of he was in Thaba Nchu so when Joseph Ludorf, a Wesleyan missionary, came zebra and hartebeest roamed the plains and came to drink at the river to his town Molema welcomed him gladly. Ludorf built a chapel there and Twhich flowed all year round. The rocks gave the hunters shade and taught Molema’s people. shelter. With their stone-tipped arrows and hand axes, they caught many a buck, using the meat for food and the skins for clothing. -
THE LONDON GAZETTE, FEBRUAKY 8, 1901. 891 Lery to -The Enemy, Cut Oft from Communication 2
THE LONDON GAZETTE, FEBRUAKY 8, 1901. 891 lery to -the enemy, cut oft from communication 2. Also, equally,-for. the—Protectorate an with Gape Colony, and with the hope of relief Rhodesia. '. :••'.'. --...•"•-... repeatedly-deferred until -the supplies of food 3. It threatens the weak flank of 'th&' Trans- were nearly exhausted. • vaal. " - - - •'-.•_•*' 3. Inspired by their-Commander's example, 4.! It is tho head-centre of the'large-'native the defenders of Mafeking maintained a'never- districts of the north-west, with "their- 200,0013 failing confidence and -cheerfulness, which con- inhabitants. ... '. > .""•" "- •.'.1-::2: duced most materially to the successful "issue; 5. It: contains .important railway stocks add they made light of the hardships to-which they shops. ' ' :. ' •'..'. '-.-- '." were exposed, and they withstood the enemy's 6. Also large food and forage supplies".-" - '"•tf attacks with an audacity which so disheartened Therefore I left the northern column-' in their opponents that, except on one occasion, charge of Colonel Plumer, and went myse,}t--~t!8 namely, on 12th May, no serious attempt was Mafeking, and organized its'defence. :" -"- • made to capture the place by assault. This Mafeking. •-" f" attempt was repulsed in a manner which showed Mafeking is an open town, 1,000 yards scfnarej that the determination and fighting qualities of in open undulating country, on the north bank the garrison remained unimpaired to the last. of the Molopo stream. Eight miles from the 4. In recording my high appreciation of the Transvaal border. White population abou'fc conduct of all ranks during this memorable 1,000. -. ' siege, I desire cordially to support Major- The native Stadt lies | mile south-west, and General Baden-Powell's recommendations on contains 6,000 inhabitants. -
KAMIESBERG MUNICIPALITY 4Th GENERATION IDP
KAMIESBERG MUNICIPALITY 4th GENERATION IDP INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2017 – 2021 ( 2020 / 2021 ) BETELS KLIP 1 KAMIESBERG MUNICIPALITY 4th GENERATION IDP TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Kamiesberg Local Municipality Contact Details……………………………….07 2. List of Abbreviations…………………………………………………………..…08 3. Forward of the Mayor…………………………………………………………....10 4. Executive Summary……………………………………………………………...11 5. Vision…………………………………………………………………………….15 6. Mission…………………………………………………………………………...15 7. Value Statement……………………………………………………………….…15 8. Demographic Profile of the Municipality……………………………………..…16 9. Powers and Function of the Municipality……………………………………..…17 10. Introduction and Purpose………………………………………………………...17 11. Process Followed to Develop Integrated Development Plan……………………18 12. Summary of the Process Plan……………………………………………………18 CHAPTER 1: SERVICE DELIVERY AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 1.1 Strategic Objective 24 1.2 Intended outcome 24 1.3 Water 24 1.3.1 Status of the Water Service Development Plan 24 1.3.2 National Target 24 1.4 Sanitation 26 1.4.1 Status within the Municipality 27 1.5 Waste Management 28 1.5.1 Status of the Integrated Waste Management Plan 28 1.5.2 Percentage of the People Accessing the Service 28 1.5.3 Strategies Employed to Reduce, Re – use and Recycle 28 1.6 Waste Removal 28 1.7 Waste Disposal 29 1.8 Electricity and energy 30 1.9 Provision of Energy 30 2 KAMIESBERG MUNICIPALITY 4th GENERATION IDP 1.10 Roads 31 1.11 Housing 32 1.12 Health Services 32 1.13 Education 34 1.14 Safety and Security 35 CHAPTER 2. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND GOOD GOVERNANCE 36 2.1 Strategic Objectives of Kamiesberg Municipality 36 2.2 Intended Outcome 36 2.3 Audit Committee 36 2.4 MPAC Committee 37 2.5 Municipal Ward Committee 37 2.6 Municipal Committees 40 2.7 Supply Chain Committee 42 2.8 Management and Operational Systems 43 2.9 Municipal Risk Management 43 2.10 Fraud Prevention Plan 44 2.11 Communication Strategy 44 2.12 Public Participation and Stakeholder Mobilization Strategy 45 CHAPTER 3. -
The Mafeking Mail Special Siege Slips
THE MAFEKING MAIL SPECIAL SIEGE SLIPS Mafeking lies 1392 kilometres north of Cape Town and 298 kilometres west of Johannesburg. Mafikeng "The Place of Stones" was first settled in the early 1850's. From the early 1860's it became a centre of squabbling and outright fighting between the Transvaal Republic, the Baralong, The Goshen Republic, the British South Africa Company and The British Empire. By the outbreak of the Anglo-Boer War it was a robust "dorp" with some 1500 European citizens, a group of Indian and oriental background and 5000 Baralong. It was a major rail junction with a station and railway workshops; a significant commercial centre, and boasted a number of substantial buildings including two schools, two churches, a Standard Bank, a Masonic Lodge, a newspaper building, a public library, the Victoria Hospital and St. Josephs Convent (Irish Sisters of Mercy). The Siege of Mafeking was conducted between 14 October 1899 and 17 May 1900, that is 217 days, and began 3 days after the declaration of war by the Transvaal Republic. It involved British and Colonial Forces under the command of Brevet-Colonel Robert Stephenson Smythe Baden-Powell, the besieged, and Boer Forces ab initio under the command General Piet Arnoldus Cronje‚ and later Kommandant Sarel Eloff, the besiegers. Brevet-Colonel Baden-Powell (later Lord Baden-Powell of Gilwell O.M., K.C.M.G., K.C.B., K.C.V.O.) was to end the war fêted in the United Kingdom as a national hero and go on to find greater fame as the Founder of the international movement of the Boys' Scouts. -
The Influence of British and Afrikaner Relations on German South-West African Treatment of African Peoples
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 2013 Colonial Role Models: The nflueI nce of British and Afrikaner Relations on German South-West African Treatment of African Peoples Natalie J. Geeza University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Part of the African History Commons, European History Commons, and the Intellectual History Commons Geeza, Natalie J., "Colonial Role Models: The nflueI nce of British and Afrikaner Relations on German South-West African Treatment of African Peoples" (2013). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 1042. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1042 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COLONIAL ROLE MODELS: THE INFLUENCE OF BRITISH AND AFRIKANER RELATIONS ON GERMAN SOUTH-WEST AFRICAN TREATMENT OF AFRICAN PEOPLES A Thesis Presented by NATALIE J. GEEZA Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS MAY 2013 Masters Program in History © Copyright by Natalie Geeza 2013 All Rights Reserved COLONIAL ROLE MODELS: THE INFLUENCE OF BRITISH AND AFRIKANER RELATIONS ON GERMAN SOUTH-WEST AFRICAN TREATMENT OF AFRICAN PEOPLES A Thesis Presented by NATALIE J. GEEZA Approved as to style and content by: _______________________________________ Andrew Donson, Chair _______________________________________ John Higginson, Member _______________________________________ Jon Olsen, Member ____________________________________ Joye Bowman, Department Chair Department of History DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my parents, Jason and Denise Geeza, who supported my academic goals since my early childhood.