A Engenharia Aeronáutica No 3º Quartel Do Séc. Xx

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A Engenharia Aeronáutica No 3º Quartel Do Séc. Xx 4ª Conferência da Cooperativa Militar Ciência e Tecnologia de Defesa A ENGENHARIA AERONÁUTICA NO 3º QUARTEL DO SÉC. XX MGen. Moura Marques 1 de Abril 2009 A ENGENHARIA AERONÁUTICA NO 3º QUARTEL DO SÉC. XX Sumário I - A Aeronáutica militar e a Aviação naval (1950 e 1951) II - A Força Aérea, a OGMA e a sua engenharia (1952 a 1960) III - Em África e na afirmação internacional (1961 a 1974) A ENGENHARIA AERONÁUTICA NO 3º QUARTEL DO SÉC. XX I A Aeronáutica militar e a Aviação naval (1950 e 1951) A Defesa em 1950 4 Abril 1949 – Tratado do Atlântico Norte Ministro da Guerra Santos Costa Implementar as Reequipar o transformações na sector aeronáutica aeronáutico nacional 2 Agosto 1950 – Criada a função de Ministro da Defesa Criado o e o cargo de C E M G F A Subsecretariado de Estado da Ministério da Guerra passa a Ministério do Exército. Ministério da Marinha mantém-se. Aeronáutica (*) Dec-Lei 37909 de 1 Agosto de 1950 A Aeronáutica em 1950 Ministério da Marinha Ministério do Exército Aviação Naval Aeronáutica Militar Vantagens PLANO INTERNO PLANO EXTERNO Instrução básica de voo Envolvimento no âmbito da OTAN Manutenção Forças aéreas mais desenvolvidas Logística de aeronaves USAF, RAF e Luftwaffe Infra-estruturas Sistemas electrónicos, radar e jacto Grandes discussões – Assembleia Nacional e na Câmara Corporativa até 1952 (*) (**) Nas Forças Armadas – resistência à unificação. Maior aproximação do Exército A intervenção do Marechal da Força Aérea Craveiro Lopes na Assembleia (*) Diário das Sessões da Assembleia Nacional 19 Março 1952 . Nacional, em que propôs a criação da Força Aérea pela fusão da Aviação naval Argumentos contra do deputado Botelho Moniz. com a Aeronáutica Militar, põe um ponto final em toda a discussão As Forças Aéreas Presidência do Conselho Ministro da Defesa Nacional Subsecretariado de Estado da Aeronáutica Chefe de Estado-Maior das Forças Aéreas Forças Aéreas para Forças Aéreas de Unidades de instrução operações independentes cooperação Caça Detecção e controlo Protecção de comunicações Escola do Exército Busca e salvamento marítimas Escola Naval Transporte Escola Prática de Aeronáutica Bombardeamento Fonte: Lei 2055 de 27 Maio 1952 Aeronaves das Forças Aéreas em 1951 AERONÁUTICA DO EXÉRCITO Tipo de Aeronave BA1 BA2 BA3 BA4 GIAC CGAM Total Sintra Ota Tancos Lajes Espinho Hurricane 103 22 - 56 - 25 - Spitfire 76 - 76 - - - - T-6 Harvard 26 17 4 3 - 2 - Westland Lysander 8 8 - 8 - - - Tiger Moth 49 49 - - - - - Oxford 4 4 - - - - - Anson 9 3 - - - - - Junkers JU52 10 - 10 - - - - Douglas C-54 3 - - - 3 - - Boeing SB-17 F,G 5 - - - 5 - - Douglas C-47 1 - - - - - 1 Total 294 103 90 67 8 27 1 AVIAÇÃO NAVAL Tipo de Aeronave Total de Aeronaves - 375 Grumman G21/24 12 Oxford 9 Beech D-18S 6 SNJ-4 6 Colocadas nos Centros Beech AT11 9 de Aviação Naval de Beaufighter 15 S. Jacinto e Montijo Heldiver 24 Total 81 Fonte: – Portugal e os 50 anos da Aliança Atlântica GIAC- Grupo Independente de Aviação de Caça A Força Aérea e a OTAN; Capitão Alves Quintas – CGAM – Comando Geral da Aeronáutica Militar Quadro 2- pág . 253 MINISTÉRIO DO EXÉRCITO Oficiais da Arma de Aeronáutica - Aviadores Oficiais das Forças Aéreas No quadro Brigadeiro 3 em 1951/1952 (*) Coronel 5 Tenente Coronel 5 Major 15 Capitão 44 Tenente 34 Alferes 22 Total 128 Em escala provisória (formação) Alferes 3 (*) Que transitaram para o Aspirante a Oficial 22 Total 25 Subsecretariado de Estado da Aeronáutica Arma de Engenharia - Engenheiros Capitão 2 158 Tenente 3 Total 5 MINISTÉRIO DA MARINHA Oficiais de Marinha aviadores No quadro Capitão-de-fragata 1 Capitão-tenente 3 Primeiro-tenente 5 Segundo-tenente 24 Total 33 Oficiais engenheiros maquinistas e maquinistas navais de aviação Primeiro-tenente engenheiro maquinista 7 Segundo-tenente eng.º maq. naval de aviação 2 42 Total 9 Fonte: Ordem à Aeronáutica 2ª Série / nº 1 – 30 Nov. 1952; pág. 19 a 31 “MUTUAL DEFENSE ASSISTANCE AGREEMENT” Acordo de Assistência e Defesa Mútua Fornecer apoio Assinado entre militar a PO. PO e os EUA (equipamentos, materiais, (5 de Janeiro de 1951) serviços ou outra assistência militar).(*) Âmbito da OTAN • Avaliar as nossas necessidades “MAAG” aeronáuticas Military Aid Advisory Group • Providenciar o fornecimento e, Na embaixada de Lisboa • Fiscalizar a sua manutenção e emprego (*) - Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement (MDAP) between the United States of América and Portugal. Article I point 1. Excertos de Relatórios e Ofícios trocados entre o MAAG e entidades nos EUA e na OTAN. “ Os indícios até agora indicam que Portugal tem capacidade e intenção de cumprir as suas obrigações e compromissos NATO” … “Recomenda-se que seja aceite que Portugal tem capacidade de satisfazer o critério MDAP para a utilização de aviões a jacto, como proposto pelo Ministro da Defesa de Portugal”. (1) “Os“Os recursosrecursos existentesexistentes nana OGMAOGMA provavelmenteprovavelmente nãonão serãserãoo adequadosadequados para para suportarsuportar oo programaprograma dede horashoras dede voovoo previprevistasstas nono critériocritério dede utilizaçãoutilização dasdas aeronavesaeronaves estabelecidoestabelecido pelopelo MAAG”MAAG” (2) (2) Só após a implementação de um programa de manutenção DEPOT detalhado é que o MAAG estará em posição de reportar o excesso de capacidade de manutenção da OGMA, para uma possível utilização por outros países NATO. (2) “Os portugueses têm um Plano de Recuperação a Seis Anos (1953-1958) para o desenvolvimento de Portugal e das colónias. Tudo indica que os EUA não continuarão a suportar a FAP após 30 Junho 1955, e que o apoio em sobressalentes terminará nesta data. O Dr. Salazar está determinado em reduzir despesas militares após 1954”. (3) (1) - Memo (SECRETO) do Col. USAF William Lee, Jr; Chefe da Secção da Força Aérea do MAAG para o Gen. Camm - Chefe do MAAG- Portugal - Doc. obtidos nos Arquivos Nacionais dos EUA em Washington. 2 Maio 1951 (2) – Memo (SECRETO) do Gen. Camm para o Ministro da Defesa português , em resposta a um ofício sobre “Excesso de capacidade de Manutenção Aeronáutica no DEPOT de Alverca” 12 Setembro 1952 (3) -Ofício (SECRETO) do Gen. Frank Camm para o Commander-in-Chief United States European Command , Frankfurt, Gerrmany A ENGENHARIA AERONÁUTICA NO 3º QUARTEL DO SÉC. XX II A Força Aérea, a OGMA e a sua engenharia (1952 a 1960) 1 de Julho de 1952 A partir desta data ficam na dependência directa do Subsecretariado de Estado da Aeronáutica os seguintes serviços: Do Ministério do Exército Do Ministério da Marinha •Comando-Geral da Aeronáutica Militar; •Comando Superior das Forças Aéreas da Armada; •Depósito Geral de Material Aeronáutico; •Direcção da Aeronáutica Naval; •Oficinas Gerais de Material Aeronáutico; •Centro de Aviação Naval de Lisboa; •Bases Aéreas nº 1, 2, 3 e 4; •Escola de Aviação Naval Almirante Gago Coutinho; •Grupo independente de Aviação de Caça; •Grupo independente de Aviação de Caça; •Todas as infra-estruturas aeronáuticas actualmente na •Todas as infra-estruturas aeronáuticas actualmente na dependência do Ministério do Exército. dependência do Ministério da Marinha. Estava criada a Força Aérea Portuguesa Fonte: DL 38805 de 1 de Julho de 1952 As primeiras aeronaves da FAP AERONÁUTICA MILITAR TREINO DE Havilland Tiger Moth D.H.82A De Havilland D.H.C. 1 Chipmunk Miles Magister I AVIAÇÃO NAVAL Miles Master II e III TREINO Oxford Tiger Moth II ‐ D.H. 82A Miles Martinet T.T.I Fleet 10G e 16G North‐American T‐6A, T‐6B e T‐6G Oxford LIGAÇÃO Miles Martinet T.T.I De Havilland D.H.84 Dragon II Nort‐American T‐6 SNJ‐4 De Havilland D.H. 89A Dragon‐Rapide Beech D‐18S AVRO Anson I Beech T‐11 Westland Lysander IIIA LIGAÇÃO TRANSPORTE Grumman G21B Junkers Ju 52 Grumman G.44 Widgeon Douglas C‐47 COMBATE ANTI‐SUBMARINO Douglas C‐54 Skymaster Curtiss SB2C‐5 Helldiver COMBATE Gloster Gladiator II Hawker Hurricane II Supermarine Spitfire V BUSCA E SALVAMENTO Boeing SB‐17‐G Fortress Fonte: Os aviões da Cruz de Cristo, pág. 91 Escala Geral do Quadro dos Engenheiros das Forças Aéreas* (1953) FORÇAS AERONAVAIS Engenheiros Maquinistas Navais FORÇA AÉREA Capitão‐tenente Luís Ferreira de Oliveira Engenheiros Electrotécnicos Capitão‐tenente José de Sousa Oliveira Primeiro‐tenente Armando Júlio Moreira de Campos Primeiro‐tenente António Augusto Resende da Costa Tenente António de Almeida Albuquerque e Castro Primeiro‐tenente Alberto Fernandes Tenente José João Lúcio Avelino Eram todos Eng. Maquinistas Navais, antes do curso de Tenente Álvaro José Passos Morgado Eng. Aeronáutica e motores em Inglaterra . Tenente Adriano Abrantes dos Santos FORÇAS AEROTERRESTRES Tenente Luís Jordão Neves Morazzo Engenheiros Aeronáuticos Tenente José Lavado Gaspar Tenente José Samuel Carmona e Silva Pessoa Tenente‐coronel Luís Vitória de França e Sousa Tenente Manuel Paulino Ferreira dos Santos Major João Anacoreta de Almeida Viana Tenente Ângelo de Sousa Brito e Abreu Major Mário Alvarenga Rua Major José Pereira do Nascimento Tenente António Leitão Major Fernando Alberto de Oliveira Tenente José Eduardo Vilar Queirós Major António Francisco de Aguiar Tenente Januário Simões Barata Major Pedro José Maria de Avilês Tenente Mario Rodrigues Cruzeiro Major Urbano Adolfo Ferreira de Castro Major José Luís Matias Eram oficiais milicianos, já licenciados e de outras armas do Eram todos Pilotos Aviadores, antes de frequentarem o Curso Exército. Entraram por concurso em 1952 para a FAP. Em 1953 de Eng. Aeronáutica e motores no estrangeiro vão todos para os EUA, durante 9 meses para formação. * - Forças Aeroterrestres e Forças Aeronavais Fonte: Ordem à Aeronáutica 2ª Série /nº 6 de 20 Nov.1953 ; pág. 103 Formação dos Engenheiros Aeronáuticos Engenheiros Aeronáuticos Escola Estrangeira Até 1952 Escola do Exército (RFA, UK, FR, EUA) Curso de Piloto Aviador Especialização em Aeronáutica De 1952 a 1962 Curso de Eng.ª Mecânica Especialização em Aeronáutica Preparatórios Curso Eng.ª Aeronáutica (4 / 5 anos) Milicianos Especialização em Aeronáutica Academia Militar Instituto Superior Técnico De 1962 a 1974 Curso de Eng.ª Mecânica (1º,2º,3º) Curso Eng.ª Aeronáutica (4º,5º,6º) Engenheiros Maquinistas Navais Escola Estrangeira - UK Até 1952 Escola Naval Eng.º Maquinista Naval Especialização em Aeronáutica e motores (9 meses) Licenciados em Eng.ª Aeronáutica e Electrotécnica na A.M.
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