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Wildlife Strikes to Canadian Aircraft 1.1 How This Report Is Organized

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Wildlife Strikes to Canadian Aircraft 1.1 How This Report Is Organized 2008 Summary Report – Wildlife Strikes to Canadian Aircraft 1.1 How This Report is Organized This report provides a summary of Canadian wildlife strike statistics for 2008. It is intended for the use of all stakeholders involved with Airport Bird and Mammal Control Programs. Included in this group are pilots, airfield staff, airline maintenance personnel, airport managers, and Transport Canada staff. The information contained in this edition reflects the 2008 situation only, and therefore may differ from established trends. It should be noted that Wildlife Strike incidents are reported from four major sources, each with a different emphasis. A large portion of the information is derived from Canada’s major international airports, and therefore reflects wildlife strikes for transport aircraft, and within these, mostly commercial airlines. These sources are: i. Pilot Reports: These reports are completed by private and commercial pilots in one of several formats. They are submitted voluntarily and regularly by most airline pilots and emphasize aircraft and flight parameters at the time of a strike. ii. Department of National Defense Reports: Pilots of all DND aircraft and Air Traffic Services personnel are required to complete and submit reports of wildlife strikes. They use forms similar to those used by civilian pilots, but submit them to DND. This information is then forwarded to Transport Canada for incorporation into this report. iii. Airline Headquarters Reports: Airlines submit summaries of wildlife strike incidents to Transport Canada on a voluntary basis. These reports emphasize aircraft damage, repair costs, and the operational effects of wildlife strikes. iv. Airport Site Reports: Canadian airport operators are required to submit reports on all wildlife incidents that occur at their sites. These reports are submitted to Transport Canada on an annual basis or throughout the year. Wildlife strikes are often reported through more than one source. When this occurs, specific information from the different sources is combined into a single incident report. The result is a more complete description of wildlife strike incidents. Once reviewed by Transport Canada, strike data are entered into a database information system for record keeping and analysis. This original data can include: Kind of bird or mammal Time of occurrence Phase of flight Aircraft struck Altitude of strike Aircraft operator Date of occurrence Sky conditions Aircraft damage Effect on flight Parts damaged Airport 1.2 2008 Highlights This report is organized into four major sections: i. Section 1: Introduction ii. Section 2: Overall 2008 Wildlife Strike Information - a general overview of the Canadian wildlife strike situation, including strikes which involved either military or civilian aircraft, in Canada or abroad. iii. Section 3: Wildlife Incidents at Canadian Airports - key aspects of the wildlife strike situation as they apply to Canadian airports, from national to local perspectives. iv. Section 4: Wildlife Incidents Involving Military Aircraft - a focus on the segment of wildlife strikes involving Canadian military aircraft. Note: The following points should be kept in mind when reviewing the information in this report: The summary report has been generated from wildlife strike reports and for all practical reasons provides a reasonably clear description of the 2008 wildlife strike situation. However, there is no way of knowing precisely how many strikes go unreported, or how they may or may not affect information in this report. The total number of reported bird strikes has decreased from the calendar years 2007 to 2008 with 1324 strikes reported in 2007 and 1230 strikes reported during 2008. The definition of a bird strike, as agreed to by the Bird Strike Committee Canada, is as follows: A bird strike is deemed to have occurred whenever: o A pilot reports a bird strike; o Aircraft maintenance personnel identify damage to an aircraft as having been caused by a bird strike; o Personnel on the ground report seeing an aircraft strike one or more birds; or o Bird remains, whether whole or in part, are found on an airside pavement area or within 200 feet of a runway, unless another reason for the bird’s death is identified. A total of 1,230 bird strikes were reported to the Aerodromes and Air Navigation Branch in 2008. Of these, 1,202 occurred at Canadian sites and 18 occurred in the United States of America. A total of 11 mammal strikes were reported. The type of mammal that was struck most often was the raccoon (27%). Of the incidents reported, 626 did not identify a bird. The types of bird most often struck were shorebirds (19%), followed by perching birds (Y) (9.2%), perching birds (Z) (7.3%), and hawks and eagles (5.4%). The month with the highest number of bird strikes was August (19.9%), followed by July (15.4%), and September (14.2%). The time of day in which the most incidents occurred was between 7:00am to 7:00pm. The time with the most amounts of strikes was at 8am (7.2%). Fourteen percent of incidents with a reported altitude occurred at ground level and seven percent occurred between 1 and 200 feet AGL. Seventy-one percent did not report strike altitude. Thirty percent of the incidents with a reported phase of flight occurred during landing. Twenty-nine percent of incidents with a reported phase of flight occurred during takeoff. The aircraft most involved in strikes, irrespective of the number of aircraft movements were Boeing B-737-700 (7.7%), Bombardier CRJ 100/200 (5.2%), and De Havilland DCH-8/300 (5%). Just over three percent (3.2%) of reported incidents did not report the aircraft model. The parts of the aircraft most often struck were the wings, windshield, and nose. Fifty percent of all strikes to the tail resulted in damage; Thirty-six percent of all strikes to the engines resulted in damage; and Eighteen percent of all strikes to the wings resulted in damage. Note: This report is based on wildlife strike data supplied to Transport Canada by the various sources listed in the introduction, and therefore reflects the nature of the information furnished as well as the interpretation provided by the individuals who prepared the strike report. 2.0 Overall Bird Strike Information 2.1a Number of Reported Bird Strikes to Canadian Aircraft Location # Of Strikes % Of Total Strikes Canada 1202 97.7% United States 18 1.5% Foreign 10 0.8% Unknown ---- ---- TOTAL 1230 100% * Near misses and mammal strikes not included 2.1b Bird Strikes: Reporting Sources SITE MUSEUM 12% 0% PILOT 16% OTHER AIRLINE 53% 19% Reporting Source # Of Strikes Total Bird Strikes OTHER 645 52.44% AIRLINE 232 18.86% PILOT 200 16.26% SITE 152 12.36% MUSEUM 1 0.08% 2.1c Mammal Strikes: Reporting Sources OTHER 18% SITE 55% PILOT 27% Reporting Source # Of Strikes Total Mammal Strikes PILOT 3 54.55%% SITE 6 27.27% OTHER 2 18.18% 2.2a Bird Strikes: Top Ten Involved Species CRANES, RAILS 2 PELICANS, CORMORANTS, 3 BOOBIES CHICKEN-LIKE BIRDS 4 PIGEONS, GROUSE 5 OWLS 19 DUCKS, GEESE, SWANS Strikes 42 HAWKS, EAGLES, VULTURES 67 PERCHING BIRDS (Z) 90 PERCHING BIRDS (Y) 114 SHOREBIRDS 231 0 50 100 150 200 250 # Of Strikes * 626 reports did not identify the bird species. Species Name # Of Strikes SHOREBIRDS 231 PERCHING BIRDS (Y) 114 PERCHING BIRDS (Z) 90 HAWKS, EAGLES, VULTURES 67 DUCKS, GEESE, SWANS 42 OWLS 19 PIGEONS, GROUSE 5 CHICKEN-LIKE BIRDS 4 PELICANS, CORMORANTS, BOOBIES 3 CRANES, RAILS 2 *Perched Birds (Y) – Includes members of the Flycatcher, Pewee, Kingbird, Lark, Swallows, Purple Martin, Starling, Myna, Crow, Jay, Magpies, Ravens, Butcherbird, Titmice, Chickadees, Nuthatch or Creeper families. **Perched Birds (Z) – Includes members of the Bulbul, Dipper, Wren, Thrasher, Mockingbird, Catbird, Thrush, Bluebird, Wheatear, Robin, Kinglet, Accentors, Wagtail, Pipit, Waxwing, Shrike, Vireos, Warbler, Ovenbird, Oriole, Meadowlark, Cowbird, Blackbird, Grackle, Tanager, Cardinal, Bunting, Sparrow, Finch, Longspur, Junco, Grosbeak, Siskin, Redpoll, Towhee, Waxbill, Manikin, or Parrot finch family. 2.2b Kind of Bird Involved: All Species Group Name Common Name # Of Strikes % Of Total CHICKEN-LIKE BIRDS GRAY PARTRIDGE 1 0.08% PARTRIDGES 2 0.17% PTARMIGANS 1 0.08% CRANES, RAILS SANDHILL CRANE 2 0.17% DUCKS, GEESE, SWANS BLUE-WINGED TEAL 1 0.08% CANADA GOOSE 6 0.50% DUCKS 13 1.08% DUCKS, GEESE, SWANS 1 0.08% GEESE 10 0.83% GREEN-WINGED TEAL 1 0.08% MALLARD 8 0.66% SNOW GOOSE 2 0.17% HAWKS, EAGLES, VULTURES AMERICAN KESTREL 15 1.24% BALD EAGLE 5 0.41% COMMON BUZZARD 1 0.08% COOPER'S HAWK 1 0.08% EAGLES 4 0.33% FALCONS 3 0.25% GOLDEN EAGLE 1 0.08% HAWKS 26 2.16% MERLIN 1 0.08% PEREGRINE FALCON 2 0.17% RED-TAILED HAWK 5 0.41% SHARP-SHINNED HAWK 1 0.08% SWAINSON'S HAWK 2 0.17% HERONS, STORKS, IBIS BLUE HERON 2 0.17% HERONS 1 0.08% KINGFISHERS, MOTMOTS, HORNBILL KINGFISHERS, MOTMOTS, HORNBILL 1 0.08% OWLS BARN OWL 1 0.08% BARRED OWL 1 0.08% GREAT HORNED OWL 2 0.17% SHORT-EARED OWL 1 0.08% SNOWY OWL 2 0.17% OWLS 12 1% PELICANS, CORMORANTS, BOOBIES CORMORANTS 2 0.17% DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT 1 0.08% PERCHING BIRDS (Y) BANK SWALLOW 2 0.17% BARN SWALLOW 18 1.49% CLIFF SWALLOW 1 0.08% CROWS 8 0.66% CROWS, JAYS, MAGPIES 1 0.08% EURASIAN SKYLARK 1 0.08% HORNED LARK 8 0.66% LARKS 1 0.08% MAGPIE 1 0.08% PERCHING BIRDS (Y) 1 0.08% RAVENS 5 0.41% STARLINGS 34 2.82% SWALLOWS 33 2.73% PERCHING BIRDS (Z) BUNTINGS 2 0.17% COMMON SNOW BIRD 1 0.08% EASTERN MEADOWLARK 3 0.25% FIELD SPARROW 1 0.08% FINCHES 2 0.17% GRASSHOPPER SPARROW 1 0.08% MEADOWLARKS 6 0.50% PINE SISKIN 1 0.08%
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