Developments in Aircraft Engine Design for Bird Ingestion ICAO Wildlife Symposium Montreal, Canada 18 May 2017 Presented by: Chris G. Demers
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release FAA Bird Requirements Evolution Increased Regulations due to Industry Study of Bird Populations
Med Bird Large Bird 5 min. Run- Incr. Med Large Bird, ARAC 1.5 lbs., non- Safe On Reqmt & Large Bird 20 min. Proposed specific Run-On Shutdown Added Reqmts Run-On Enhanced Core AC33-1 Amd 33-6 Amd 33-10 Amd 33-20 Amd 33-24 We Requirements Are Here
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
B707 DC-9 B747 A300 B767/B757 B777 A318 B787 CS100/CS300 B727 A380 A310 A320neo A320 E195-E5 MRJ Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release High By-Pass Turbofan Engine
Inlet
Fan Blade
Intake Airflow
Spinner
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Bird Strike – Typical Fan Blade Damage
Soft Body “Cusps”
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Design Process for Bird Strike Mitigation
2 - Computer 1 - Regulation Modeling / 3 - Component and Field Data Design Testing Review Iterations
4 - Rig / Engine 6 - Service 5 - Certification Development Experience Testing Testing
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Computer Modeling Fan blade design is optimized via computer modeling for bird strike response
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Component Testing Fan blades are lab tested at component level to verify computer model predictions
Top view of jelly bird impacting fan leading edge (above)
Fan blade component test set-up (left)
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Component Testing Fan component test – structural model calibration data and confirmation of fan bird impact response
Jelly Bird
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Rig Testing Fan rotor rig test – confirmation of fan bird impact response
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Bird Certification Requirements
• Engine ingestion test bird sizes and quantities are established by federal regulations based on engine size (inlet area) • For large engines – Four medium flocking birds (2.5 lbs.) with core ingestion • Bird speed at most critical fan conditions > V1 (takeoff rotation decision speed) • All birds ingested within one second • Demonstrate sustained operation at ≥75% take-off thrust • Provide sufficient power for aircraft ATB/diversion and safe landing – One large flocking bird (5.5 lbs.) targeted at critical fan location • Bird Speed is 200 knots (230 MPH) • Demonstrate sustained operation at ≥50% take-off thrust • Provide sufficient power for aircraft ATB and safe landing – One large single bird (8 lbs.) targeted at critical fan location • Bird speed is 200 knots • Verify safe engine shutdown
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Bird Ingestion Test Setup
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Bird Ingestion Test – Lights & Cannons
2.5 lbs Bird Cannons
5.5 lbs Bird Cannon
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Bird Ingestion Test – Fan Blades & Inlet
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Bird Ingestion Test – Birds
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Large Bird (8 lbs.) Test
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Examples of Turbofan Continuous Design Improvements
• Shroudless fan airfoils • Automatic surge recovery logic • Automatic restart logic • Improved compressor vane retention designs • Optimized rain/hail/FOD core rejection geometry • Reduced fan rotor speeds
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Continuous Improvement Results
Aircraft Bird Strike Trends (4 year rolling avg.) 1.00E-03 AIA Aircraft Power Loss Rate (per flight)1
US Aircraft Damaging Strike Rate (per flight)2
1.00E-04 US Aircraft Strike Rate (per flight)2
1.00E-05
1.00E-06
1.00E-07
1.00E-08 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release Summary
• Regulations have evolved over time to address the bird ingestion into aircraft engines as the understanding of the threat developed, and continue to evolve as we gain more knowledge about the threat. • Everyone is doing their part to manage avian threats to all aircraft; regulators, manufacturers, airport operators and wildlife managers. • Pratt & Whitney is proud of the engine advancements that have been achieved to reduce the threat of bird strikes to aircraft flight. • Pratt & Whitney continues to work side by side with the industry and regulators to further mitigate the bird strike threat to aviation safety.
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release QUESTIONS?
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release
Developments in Aircraft Engine Design for Bird Ingestion
Contains No Technical Data Subject to EAR - ITAR Approved for Public Release