Projectile Motion Motion in Two Dimensions
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Exo-Atmospheric Intercepts: Bringing New Challenges to Standard Missile
G. A. SULLINS Exo-atmospheric Intercepts: Bringing New Challenges to Standard Missile Gary A. Sullins The Navy Theater Wide System is being designed to provide defense for U.S. forces and our Allies against medium- to long-range tactical ballistic missiles. As part of this system, a new variant of Standard Missile, SM-3, will be introduced to the Fleet. SM-3 will perform a hit-to-kill intercept of the ballistic missile while it is in exo-atmospheric flight (i.e., while outside the Earth’s atmosphere). Exo-atmospheric flight and hit-to-kill intercepts have brought new challenges to the SM Program. These challenges have intro- duced new technologies, which in turn have created the need for new tests to be added to an already robust SM ground test program. This article discusses these new challenges and describes tests geared to verify SM-3 design, with emphasis given to those tests performed at APL. INTRODUCTION The threat of ballistic missile attacks to U.S. forces and the ability of the combat system to engage them and our Allies continues to grow. Currently over 40 by guiding the missile to an intercept. Modifications are nations have the capability to launch ballistic missile being made to the AWS to change the logic consistent attacks. Most of these missiles are not capable of reaching with tracking and engaging ballistic missiles rather than U.S. soil; nevertheless, they do pose a significant threat its traditional Anti-Air Warfare role. to our forces stationed overseas. Many of these nations In addition to modifications to the AWS, the NTW also have the ability to build chemical, biological, or System is developing a new SM variant, SM-3. -
3 Rectangular Coordinate System and Graphs
06022_CH03_123-154.QXP 10/29/10 10:56 AM Page 123 3 Rectangular Coordinate System and Graphs In This Chapter A Bit of History Every student of mathematics pays the French mathematician René Descartes (1596–1650) hom- 3.1 The Rectangular Coordinate System age whenever he or she sketches a graph. Descartes is consid- ered the inventor of analytic geometry, which is the melding 3.2 Circles and Graphs of algebra and geometry—at the time thought to be completely 3.3 Equations of Lines unrelated fields of mathematics. In analytic geometry an equa- 3.4 Variation tion involving two variables could be interpreted as a graph in Chapter 3 Review Exercises a two-dimensional coordinate system embedded in a plane. The rectangular or Cartesian coordinate system is named in his honor. The basic tenets of analytic geometry were set forth in La Géométrie, published in 1637. The invention of the Cartesian plane and rectangular coordinates contributed significantly to the subsequent development of calculus by its co-inventors Isaac Newton (1643–1727) and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716). René Descartes was also a scientist and wrote on optics, astronomy, and meteorology. But beyond his contributions to mathematics and science, Descartes is also remembered for his impact on philosophy. Indeed, he is often called the father of modern philosophy and his book Meditations on First Philosophy continues to be required reading to this day at some universities. His famous phrase cogito ergo sum (I think, there- fore I am) appears in his Discourse on the Method and Principles of Philosophy. Although he claimed to be a fervent In Section 3.3 we will see that parallel lines Catholic, the Church was suspicious of Descartes’philosophy have the same slope. -
Ballistic Missile Defense Technology: Weapons, Power, Communications, and Space Transportation CONTENTS Page Introduction
Chapter 5 Ballistic Missile Defense Technology: Weapons, Power, Communications, and Space Transportation CONTENTS Page Introduction . ......................105 5-6b. Boost and Post-Boost Kill Weapons . ..................,......105 Effectiveness (500 single-RV Kinetic-Energy Weapons (KEW) ....106 ICBMs atone site) . ...........117 Directed-Energy Weapons . .........123 5-7. Boost and Post-Boost Kill Power and Power Conditioning . ......142 Effectiveness (200 “medium- Space Power Requirements . ........142 bum-booster” ICBMs at one site). .............118 Space Power Generation Technology .143 5-8. Schematic of an Electromagnetic Power Conditioning . .. ..........145 Launcher (EML) or “Railgun” ..119 Communication Technology . .........146 5-9. Lightweight Homing Projectile. .l2l 60-GHz Communication Links .. ....147 5-10. Illustration of the Relationships Laser Communication Links . .......148 Between Laser Parameters and Space Transportation . ..............148 Power Density Projected on a Space Transportation Target . .............125 Requirements. ................149 5-11. FEL Waveforms . .............125 Space Transportation Alternatives ...149 5-12. Schematic of a Neutral Particle Space Transportation Cost Beam Weapon.. .............129 Reduction . ................153 5-13a. Annual Space Launch Capacity .152 Conclusions . ....................153 5-13b. Space Transportation . .........152 Weapon Technology Conclusions ....153 Space Power Conclusions. .........155 Tables Space Communications Conclusion. ..l55 Table No. Page Space Transportation -
Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis Thaliana Root Tip
plants Article Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip Alicia Villacampa 1 , Ludovico Sora 1,2 , Raúl Herranz 1 , Francisco-Javier Medina 1 and Malgorzata Ciska 1,* 1 Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (A.V.); [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (R.H.); [email protected] (F.-J.M.) 2 Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-91-837-3112 (ext. 4260); Fax: +34-91-536-0432 Abstract: Clinorotation was the first method designed to simulate microgravity on ground and it remains the most common and accessible simulation procedure. However, different experimental set- tings, namely angular velocity, sample orientation, and distance to the rotation center produce different responses in seedlings. Here, we compare A. thaliana root responses to the two most commonly used velocities, as examples of slow and fast clinorotation, and to vertical and horizontal clinorotation. We investigate their impact on the three stages of gravitropism: statolith sedimentation, asymmetrical auxin distribution, and differential elongation. We also investigate the statocyte ultrastructure by electron microscopy. Horizontal slow clinorotation induces changes in the statocyte ultrastructure related to a stress response and internalization of the PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2) auxin transporter in the lower endodermis, probably due to enhanced mechano-stimulation. Additionally, fast clinorotation, Citation: Villacampa, A.; Sora, L.; as predicted, is only suitable within a very limited radius from the clinorotation center and triggers Herranz, R.; Medina, F.-J.; Ciska, M. -
Design and Optimization of an Electromagnetic Railgun
Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports 2018 DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC RAILGUN Nihar S. Brahmbhatt Michigan Technological University, [email protected] Copyright 2018 Nihar S. Brahmbhatt Recommended Citation Brahmbhatt, Nihar S., "DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC RAILGUN", Open Access Master's Report, Michigan Technological University, 2018. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etdr/651 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr Part of the Controls and Control Theory Commons DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC RAIL GUN By Nihar S. Brahmbhatt A REPORT Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In Electrical Engineering MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2018 © 2018 Nihar S. Brahmbhatt This report has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Electrical Engineering. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Report Advisor: Dr. Wayne W. Weaver Committee Member: Dr. John Pakkala Committee Member: Dr. Sumit Paudyal Department Chair: Dr. Daniel R. Fuhrmann Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgments........................................................................................................... 8 List of Figures ................................................................................................................ -
House Bill No. 944
FIRST REGULAR SESSION HOUSE COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE FOR HOUSE BILL NO. 944 101ST GENERAL ASSEMBLY 1836H.02C DANA RADEMAN MILLER, Chief Clerk AN ACT To repeal section 571.030, RSMo, and to enact in lieu thereof one new section relating to unlawful use of weapons, with penalty provisions. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the state of Missouri, as follows: Section A. Section 571.030, RSMo, is repealed and one new section enacted in lieu 2 thereof, to be known as section 571.030, to read as follows: 571.030. 1. A person commits the offense of unlawful use of weapons, except as 2 otherwise provided by sections 571.101 to 571.121, if he or she knowingly: 3 (1) Carries concealed upon or about his or her person a knife, a firearm, a blackjack or 4 any other weapon readily capable of lethal use into any area where firearms are restricted under 5 section 571.107; [or] 6 (2) Sets a spring gun; [or] 7 (3) Discharges or shoots a firearm into a dwelling house, a railroad train, boat, aircraft, 8 or motor vehicle as defined in section 302.010, or any building or structure used for the 9 assembling of people; [or] 10 (4) Exhibits, in the presence of one or more persons, any weapon readily capable of 11 lethal use in an angry or threatening manner; [or] 12 (5) Has a firearm or projectile weapon readily capable of lethal use on his or her person, 13 while he or she is intoxicated, and handles or otherwise uses such firearm or projectile weapon 14 in either a negligent or unlawful manner or discharges such firearm or projectile weapon unless 15 acting in self-defense; [or] 16 (6) Discharges a firearm within one hundred yards of any occupied schoolhouse, 17 courthouse, or church building; [or] EXPLANATION — Matter enclosed in bold-faced brackets [thus] in the above bill is not enacted and is intended to be omitted from the law. -
Complex Projectile Technology and Homo Sapiens Dispersal Into Western Eurasia
Complex Projectile Technology and Homo sapiens Dispersal into Western Eurasia JOHN J. SHEA Department of Anthropology and Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364, USA; [email protected] MATTHEW L. SISK Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364, USA; [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper proposes that complex projectile weaponry was a key strategic innovation driving Late Pleistocene human dispersal into western Eurasia after 50 Ka. It argues that complex projectile weapons of the kind used by ethnographic hunter-gatherers, such as the bow and arrow, and spearthrower and dart, enabled Homo sapiens to overcome obstacles that constrained previous human dispersal from Africa to temperate western Eurasia. In the East Mediterranean Levant, the only permanent land bridge between Africa and Eurasia, stone and bone projectile armatures like those used in the complex weapon systems of recent humans appear abruptly ca 45–35 Ka in early Upper Paleolithic contexts associated with Homo sapiens fossils. Such artifacts are absent from Middle Paleolithic contexts associated with Homo sapiens and Neandertals. Hypotheses concerning the indigenous vs. exogenous origins of complex projectile weaponry in the Levant are reviewed. Current evidence favors the hypothesis that complex projectile technology developed as an aid to ecological niche broadening strategies among African popu- lations between 50–100 Ka. It most likely spread to western Eurasia along with dispersing Homo sapiens popula- tions. Neandertals did not routinely deploy projectile weapons as subsistence aids. This puzzling gap in their otherwise impressive record for survival in some of the harshest environments ever occupied by primates may reflect energetic constraints and time-budgeting factors associated with complex technology. -
The Strategic Defense Initiative and the Militarization of Space: Scientific Responsibility and Citizen Resistance
Penn State International Law Review Volume 9 Article 2 Number 2 Dickinson Journal of International Law 1991 The trS ategic Defense Initiative and the Militarization of Space: Scientific Responsibility and Citizen Resistance Matthew Lippman Follow this and additional works at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr Part of the International Law Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Lippman, Matthew (1991) "The trS ategic Defense Initiative and the Militarization of Space: Scientific Responsibility and Citizen Resistance," Penn State International Law Review: Vol. 9: No. 2, Article 2. Available at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr/vol9/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Penn State Law eLibrary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Penn State International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Penn State Law eLibrary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Strategic Defense Initiative and the Militarization of Space: Scientific Responsibility and Citizen Resistance Matthew Lippman* I. Introduction The moderating of international tensions between the superpow- ers, the slowing of the nuclear arms race and the promise of a peace dividend have all contributed to a lessened popular concern over is- sues of national defense.1 The diversion of attention from war and peace has resulted in little scholarly attention being paid to the omi- nous potential growth in third-generation high-technology weapons. 2 These automated weapons systems are being designed primarily to operate in outer space where, despite claims to the contrary, they will be used to enhance the United States'ability to launch a first strike nuclear attack.3 The technological and strategic foundation of this revolution in weaponry is the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). -
Vertical and Horizontal Transcendence Ursula Goodenough Washington University in St Louis, [email protected]
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Biology Faculty Publications & Presentations Biology 3-2001 Vertical and Horizontal Transcendence Ursula Goodenough Washington University in St Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/bio_facpubs Part of the Biology Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Goodenough, Ursula, "Vertical and Horizontal Transcendence" (2001). Biology Faculty Publications & Presentations. 93. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/bio_facpubs/93 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Faculty Publications & Presentations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL TRANSCENDENCE Ursula Goodenough Draft of article published in Zygon 36: 21-31 (2001) ABSTRACT Transcendence is explored from two perspectives: the traditional concept wherein the origination of the sacred is “out there,” and the alternate concept wherein the sacred originates “here.” Each is evaluated from the perspectives of aesthetics and hierarchy. Both forms of transcendence are viewed as essential to the full religious life. KEY WORDS: transcendence, green spirituality, sacredness, aesthetics, hierarchy VERTICAL TRANSCENDENCE One of the core themes of the monotheistic traditions, and many Asian traditions as well, is the concept of transcendence. A description of this orientation from comparative religionist Michael Kalton (2000) can serve to anchor our discussion. "Transcendence" both describes a metaphysical structure grounding the contingent in the Absolute, and a practical spiritual quest of rising above changing worldly affairs to ultimate union with the Eternal. -
Electronics-Technici
WORLD'S LARGEST ELECTRONIC TRADE CIRCULATION Tips on Color Servicir Color TV Horizontal Problems How to Choose and Use Controls Troubleshooting Transistor Circuits MAY 1965 ENirr The quality goes in before the name goes on FOR THE FINEST COLOR AND UHF RECEPTION INSTALL ZENITH QUALITY ANTENNAS ... to assure finer performance in difficult reception areas! More color TV sets and new UHF stations mean new antenna installation jobs for you. Proper installation with antennas of Zenith quality is most important because of the sensi tivity of color and JHF signals. ZENITH ALL -CHANNEL VHF/UHF/FM AND FM -STEREO LOG -PERIODIC ANTENNAS The unusually broad bandwidth of the new Zenith VHF/UHF/FM and FM -Stereo log -periodic resonant V -dipole arrays pulls in all frequencies from 50 to 900 mc-television channels 2 to 83 /\' plus FM radio. The multi -mode operation pro- vides nigh gain and good rejection of ghosts. These frequency independent antennas, devel- , oped // by the research laboratories at the University of Illinois, are designed according to a geometrically derived logarithmic -periodic formula used in satellite telemetry. ZENITH QUALITY HEAVY-DUTY ZENITH QUALITY ANTENNA ROTORS WIRE AND CABLE Zenith quality antenna rotors are Zenith features a full line of quality heavy-duty throughout-with rugged packaged wire and cable. Also espe- motor and die-cast aluminum hous- cially designed UHF transmission ing. Turns a 150-Ib. antenna 360 de- wires, sold only by Zenith. Zenith grees in 45 seconds. The weather- wire and cable is engineered for proof bell casting protects the unit greater reception and longer life, from the elements. -
Projectile Motion
PROJECTILE MOTION Objectives • Distinguish between a vector PROJECTILE MOTION quantity and a scalar quantity. 5 (5.1) • Explain how to find the Projectile motion can be resultant of two perpendicular THE BIG vectors. (5.2) described by the horizontal and • Describe how the components IDEA .......... vertical components of motion. of a vector affect each other. (5.3) • Describe the components of n the previous chapter, we studied simple straight-line projectile motion. (5.4) motion—linear motion. We distinguished between motion • Describe the downward motion with constant velocity, such as a bowling ball rolling of a horizontally launched I projectile. (5.5) horizontally, and accelerated motion, such as an object • Describe how far below an falling vertically under the influence of gravity. Now we imaginary straight-line path a extend these ideas to nonlinear motion—motion along projectile falls. (5.6) a curved path. Throw a baseball and the path it follows is a curve. This curve is a combination of constant- velocity horizontal motion and accelerated vertical discover! motion. We’ll see that the velocity of a thrown ball at any instant has two independent “components” of MATERIALS cardboard, tape, motion—what happens horizontally is not affected soda straws, pencil, ruler, two marbles by what happens vertically. EXPECTED OUTCOME Marble 2 will hit Marble 1. ANALYZE AND CONCLUDE 1. Yes; the speed of Marble 2 discover! 2. Same 3. Gravity accelerates both How Should You Aim to Hit a Falling 4. At the same time, marbles equally. Target? release Marble 1 and launch TEACHING TIP Known to many 1. -
Assessing Israel's Iron Dome Missile Defense System
Research memo Assessing Israel’s Iron Dome Missile Defense System By Jacob Nagel and Jonathan Schanzer November 13, 2019 The Israeli Iron Dome missile defense system continues to make headlines as it knocks Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad rockets out of the sky. The system is the crucial lower tier of Israel’s layered missile defense system, which guards Israel’s skies from threats near and far. The David’s Sling system covers middle-layer threats, and the Arrow system defends against long-range projectiles. Iron Dome has earned great praise across professional, political, military, and civilian circles. The U.S. Army recently acquired two Iron Dome batteries as an interim solution to existing vulnerabilities, and may acquire more for the long term. The U.S. Marine Corps has also expressed interest and recently conducted several successful tests in the United States. Even among Israel’s foes, Iron Dome is widely recognized as a remarkable military innovation. But over time, certain potential disadvantages also have become a topic for debate. For one, Iron Dome’s efficacy in shooting down projectiles may encourage Israel’s enemies to increase their rocket launches to achieve their aims. And by granting time and space to Israeli officials to consider a proportional or surgical strike, Iron Dome can have the unintended consequence of potentially prolonging a conflict. In other words, the system raises the threshold for Israeli political leaders and military brass to launch a decisive operation, even as the volume of rocket provocations increases. There is also a psychological warfare element. Israel’s enemies can repeatedly broadcast photos of their cadres firing rockets with relatively little response from the Israeli side.