International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research Vol.4; Issue: 1; Jan.-March 2019 Website: www.ijshr.com Original Research Article ISSN: 2455-7587

Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province

Amiluddin1, Sarce Makaba2, A.L. Rantetampang3, Anwar Mallongi4

1Magister Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura. 2,3Lecturer of Master Program in Public Health. Faculty of Public Health, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura 4Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

Corresponding Author: Anwar Mallongi

ABSTRACT distributors, drug vacancies have occurred nationwide, and the absence of an information Background: Management of pharmaceutical system that can warn the number of drugs preparations including drugs to meet service entering the minimum stock, so that the order is needs starts from planning, procuring, not late. requesting, receiving, storing, distributing, controlling, recording, reporting, filing, Keywords: e-Catalogue Drug Procurement With monitoring and evaluating. The process of e-purchasing Method procuring drugs uses e-catalogue using e- purchasing methods. 1. INTRODUCTION The research objective: To find out the The availability or fulfillment of realization of the procurement of e-catalogue medicines at the District Health Department medicine using e-purchasing in Pharmacy Installation must be carried out to Province guarantee and improve the quality of health Research Methods: Qualitative with the number of informants as many as 6 people conducted in services in public health service units such October-November 2018 at the District Health as in Puskesmas or at Sub-Puskesmas and Office. Teluk Wondama, and the Pos Yandu or other health service units use interview guidelines and commonly called First Level Health observations. Data is analyzed qualitatively. Facilities (FKTP ), so that there is a need for Results: The input of E-purchasing HR guarantees regarding the accessibility of procurement at the Teluk Wondama District and drugs that are safe, efficacious, quality and Manokwari District Health Offices was affordable in terms of types and sufficient sufficient and in the Arfak Mountains District quantities. there was insufficient and no internet network. Management of pharmaceutical The budget is sufficient. Availability of facilities preparations including drugs to meet service and infrastructure is sufficient to support the E- purchasing process of drug procurement. e- needs starts from planning, procuring, purchasing process based on drug procurement requesting, receiving, storing, distributing, The needs planning process is based on the e- controlling, recording, reporting, filing, catalogue but still cannot avoid the drug monitoring and evaluating management. vacuum. Distribution process or delivery of (Minister of Health Regulation Number 74 drugs based on the number, type and time of of 2016). Fulfillment of drug needs in the delivery, is in accordance with the contract Pharmacy Installation District or City made. There are obstacles in the form of Health Office is carried out every year in contract changes (addendum) related to the accordance with the current year DIPA delivery time. Output of drug availability in which can be carried out through electronic warehouse is not in accordance with methods commonly called e-Purchasing by predetermined indicators caused the drug emptiness is caused by the number of drugs that referring to electronic catalogs of drugs or are not all realized, when drug delivery by commonly called e-Catalog drugs, as well

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 284 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Amiluddin et.al. Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province as other methods justified by the Act. District Health Office, procurement carried West Papua Province has 12 out with the e-Purchasing method was not Regencies and 1 City characteristic of West 100% fulfilled in accordance with the e- Papua province which is different from Purchasing carried out previously, the several provinces in the central region or length of time needed from purchasing to western regions of , City with the drug received, sometimes the drug and Manokwari have been is accepted not in accordance with connected directly with other provinces with purchasing both in terms of number, type of good air and sea transportation and internet drug, physical condition of the drug and network access. Some districts, if seen from short expiration so that to meet these the affordability of transportation and shortcomings is done by other methods. internet network technology support, are Based on the background above, the still limited, but for planning and objectives to be achieved from this study procurement of government goods / services were to analyze the procurement of e- procurement must be through a system of Catalog drugs with the e-Purchasing method procurement or e-procurement (Inpres in the province of West Papua. Number 1 of 2015) including procurement of medicines at the Office Pharmacy 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Installation District Health. 2.1 Type and Location of Research The procurement of electronic goods This type of research is a qualitative study and services with e-Purchasing and e- by analyzing the procurement of drugs e- Catalog methods has been carried out since Catalog with e-Purchasing method. 2012, but until it is still considered unable to 2.2 Place and Time of Research fulfill requests according to orders from the This research was conducted in West Papua District Health Office or Pharmacy Province with the target of Pharmacy and Installation, so that it can inhibit the service Health Service Offices in Wondama Bay / availability of drugs in the type and Regency by reason of representing coastal amount of medicine in the first level health districts, Manokwari District Health Office facility. Drug fulfillment through e- representing urban areas and District Health Purchasing through e-Catalog medicine is Service of Arfak Mountains representing also greatly affected by the Drug Needs mountains. The time of the study was Plan which is inputted through the conducted from October to November 2018. application of the drug catalog e-monitoring 2.3. Research Informants and evaluation by the pharmaceutical Informants are people who can provide installation or pharmacy section of the information about things needed in research. District / City Health Office. Research informants are those who have Apart from that, drug fulfillment authority in drug logistics management in through e-Purchasing can be influenced by the pharmaceutical installations of each time of online transactions conducted by district. Sampling in this study is based on pharmacy installations or health department certain considerations or purposive pharmacy sections as customers for the sampling made by the researchers pharmaceutical industry or pharmaceutical themselves based on the characteristics or wholesalers appointed as distributors by the nature of the population of pharmacists or pharmaceutical industry to deliver drugs to other health workers at the Pharmacy the pharmacy department health installation Installation and the Pharmacy District . Health Office. The informants in this study Based on the initial survey we were: conducted through interviews with the 1. Key informants (key informants), namely person in charge of the pharmaceutical someone who fully and deeply knows about installation and / or pharmacy section of the drug logistics management at the District

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 285 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Amiluddin et.al. Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province

Health Office installation. The key a. Involved in drug procurement activities informants in this study were 1 Head of the by e-Purchasing starting from the stage of Pharmacy Section and also the Head of preparation of drug plans to the receipt of Pharmacy Installation in Teluk Wondama drugs in the District Pharmacy Installation Regency, 1 Pharmacy b. Able to communicate well. Section Head, 1 Head of the Pharmacy c. Located at the location of the study Section and also the Head of the Regency during the study. Pharmacy Installation in the Arfak d. Willing to be an informant. Mountains. 2. Supporting informants, namely people 3. RESULTS who know the logistical logistics of District Based on research that has been carried out Pharmacy, namely 1 person Head of in three District Pharmacy Installations and Pharmacy Installation of Manokwari Sections namely , Regency, 1 person from Pharmacy Section Manokwari Regency, Arfak Mountains of Teluk Wondama Regency and 1 person Regency, data can be obtained about the from Pharmacy Section of Manokwari factors that influence e-Catalog drug Regency. procurement with the e-Purchasing method The criteria for informants are informants: in the three districts through in-depth interviews as follows.

Table 1. Characteristics of Informants Age, Working Period, Position and Education No Informant Age Work period Education Position (year ) 1 Informan 1 (SR) * 38 10 Apoteker Kasie Seksi Farmasi dan Kepala Instalasi Farmasi Kab Teluk Wondama 2 Informan 2 (MS)* 40 14 Apoteker Kasie Seksi Farmasi Kab Manokwari 3 Informan 3 (HN) 30 4 Apoteker Staf Instalasi Farmasi Kabupaten Teluk Wondama 4 Informan 4 (AD) 35 12 Asisten Staf Seksi Farmasi Kabupaten Manokwari Apoteker 5 Informan 5 (ZA) 50 19 Asisten Kepala Instalasi Farmasi Kabupaten Manokwari Apoteker 6 Informan 6 (YB)* 35 9 Apoteker Kepala Seksi dan Kepala Instalasi Farmasi Kabupaten Pegunungan Arfak * Key informants

Based on table 4.4 above can be procedure for purchasing goods / services obtained information that the age of through an electronic catalog system or E- informants ranged from 30 years to 55 Catalog. Policy for Procurement of drugs years. From all informants there were 1 based on E-Catalog in E-Purchasing aims to informant whose job was Non ASN, out of improve effectiveness and efficiency in the 6 informants there were 6 people with procurement of drugs. There are several pharmacy education background and of the processes in the procurement of drugs in E- 6 people 4 of them were Pharmacists. All Purchasing, this procurement process is key informants are Head of Pharmacy supported by input in its implementation. Section and educated Pharmacist. The following is the E-Purchasing input, Procurement of drugs carried out in process and output of drug procurement. Manokwari Regency, Teluk Wondama has 1. Human Resources used drug procurement with E-Purchasing Human resources are one of the procedures based on E-Catalog. While in inputs to procuring drugs in an E- the Arva Mountains District, the E- Purchasing manner. The available human Purchasing procedure has not been used due resources procured are explained by in- to the limitations of the internet network. depth interviews and reviews of related This E-Purchasing Procurement was carried documents Human resources assigned to out in 2013 until now. E-Purchasing is the procure pharmaceuticals. Based on the

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 286 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Amiluddin et.al. Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province results of in-depth interviews with several After being approved, the drug will be informants, it was found that the human purchased e-Purchasing. This task is resources available in the procurement team assisted by planning officers by helping in Manokwari Regency, Wondama Bay prepare the drug needs planning that will be were 4 people, namely two procurement submitted, as well as staff who help prepare officials, one APBDN procurement officer the data needed in the procurement of drugs and the Regional Budget, and one Staff. in e-Purchasing. These procurement officials have their Based on in-depth interviews respective duties, namely there are conducted with informants it is known that procurement officers for the public and the number of procurement officers in the procurement of pharmaceuticals. The Health Office is still lacking, moreover the number of Pharmacy procurement officers procurement staff is only one for all who are in charge of procuring drugs in an procurement of either BMHP or drugs and E-Purchasing consists of Pharmacy for procurement officers also has multiple Procurement Officers namely Head of tasks besides procurement also responsible Pharmacy Installation, assisted by two for drug planning, and receiving drugs. This officers namely one planning officer and is based on interviews with the three procurement staff. This is based on informants, the three of whom mentioned interviews with the three informants, all that the existing HR is still lacking: three of whom stated that there were 3 HR: "HR is right, if in my opinion we "For the number of procurement still lack people. Besides that not everyone officers in general, there are three people can also enter here to become a procurement who are 2 people specifically for the APBN team because there must be a certificate and APBD plus 1 staff and one person from from and the terms of LKPP. And not the planning who often helps the mother everyone in the Health Office has the when e-Purchasing is purchased, for the certificate "(SR, 38 years, October 24, procurement of pharmacy I am only one 2018). "Procurement officers at the also from procurement and staff "(SR, 38 pharmacy are still lacking, coupled with years, October 24, 2018) only having one staff whose job is to handle In general there are officials of the State 3 other acting staff. in my opinion Where Budget 2, procurement officials apbd 1, only one official can be staffed 3, it means staff 1. Some of the procurement officials that this staff handles 3 officials. Make the have served as one-person pharmacy procurement of staff only one, for procurement, but also often assisted by procurement in general and pharmacy, here mothers of planning and procurement staff I also work as a procurement officer, (MS, 40 years, 7 November 2018). For planning, and goods receiving officer "(MS, procurement for my e-Catalog or pharmacy 40 years, 7 November 2018) that holds and co-workers who help and I The number of officers involved in also help the less. (HN, 30 years, 25 the E-purchasing procurement process was October 2018). 2 people in Wondama Bay Regency and Procurement for e-Catalog medicine is not Manokwari Regency. Procurement officers carried out and carried out by auction or involved in drug procurement by e- direct procurement (YB, 35 years, 11 Purchasing have a pharmacy education November 2018). background, such as planning and The task of procuring drugs based on procurement officers are Pharmacists, e-Catalog in e-Purchasing is based on a operator officers are also Pharmacists in review of documents regarding e-Cataloging Teluk Wondama District while operators are purchases made by submitting proposals for Pharmacist Assistants. Based on the procurement to the head of the pharmacy explanation above, it can be concluded that section approved by the Head of Service. the Human Resources available in the

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 287 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Amiluddin et.al. Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province procurement of drugs by E-Purchasing, in 40 years, 7 November 2018) Policies issued the number of officers is still lacking but for by the government are accompanied by the quality of procurement officers already technical instructions and procedures in have a pharmaceutical education assisting the Health Office operational background, namely a Pharmacist. activities. There are procedures for 2. Policy procurement of drugs, as well as procedures The results of in-depth interviews related to drug procurement, namely drug and document review conducted by the planning procedures and receipt of goods. researchers indicate that the E-Purchasing The procedure has been documented in the drug procurement policy has been form of a standard operating procedure book implemented since this regulation was issued by the Health Office. Drug issued, namely in 2013. This policy is used procurement and BMHP operational as a guideline in the procurement of drugs. procedure standards at the Health Office: The policy is in the form of Minister of 1) The Puskesmas submits a proposal for Health Regulation No. 63 of 2014 procurement to the pharmaceutical section concerning the procurement of drugs based with the approval of the head of the on e-Catalog in e-Purchasing. In addition, department procurement officers also refer to RI 2) The head of the pharmacy section has the Presidential Regulation No. 4 of 2015 right to approve the proposal for concerning the procurement of government procurement of drugs and BMHP goods / services. This is based on interviews 3) If the proposal is approved, the with two informants, the two informants pharmaceutical supplies coordinator said that the procurement of drugs refers to coordinates with the procurement officials. existing government policies and guidelines: 4) For direct purchase of the head of the "For our policy, refer to the latest Perpres, Puskesmas, it can buy itself if there is a namely Perpres No. 4 of 2015 and the E- small drug vacuum. Catalog policy itself, in addition to policies 5) For psychotropic, narcotics and precursor there must also be technical guidelines that orders, they still use psychotropic / narcotics come out together with the policy itself. We / precursor order letters, even though they also implement procurement guidelines that have been ordered through e-Purchasing. have been socialized to us every year. "(SR, 6) Coordinator of pharmaceutical supplies 38 years, October 24, 2018) filing SP In addition to the operational "We have implemented this policy standard procedures above, there are also from the outset of this policy, there are several procedures and technical several policies related to this procurement. instructions and regulations related to e- the E-Catalogueeu policy is in itself, the Catalog procurement of drugs based on e- Presidential Regulation concerning the Catalog, namely: procurement of goods and services. "(MS,

Table 2. Procedures related to the procurement of drugs based on E-Catalog in E-purchasing No Procedure Kinds 1 Operational standards for drug planning and BMHP procedures Technical guidelines 2 Operational standards for drug planning and BMHP procedures Technical guidelines 3 Operational standards for drug planning and BMHP procedures Technical guidelines 4 Minister of Health Regulation Number 63 of 2014 concerning the procurement of drugs based on E- Government Catalogue Regulation 5 Technical guidelines for procurement of drugs in E-purchasing Technical guidelines 6 Presidential Regulation No. 4 of 2015 concerning the procurement of government goods and services Government Regulation

In the first year of the issuance of guidance from the LKPP for health facilities drug procurement policies in e-Purchasing, as e-Catalog application users, this guidance namely in 2013, this policy included was also included an explanation of e-

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 288 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Amiluddin et.al. Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province

Purchasing technical guidelines for can be concluded that the e-Purchasing purchasing. Guidelines or technical policy of drug procurement has been guidelines issued by the LKPP in the form understood by officers and there are several of a chart are felt easy to understand in procedures and technical instructions in the addition to that also often held guidance Health Office, namely standard drug from LKPP so that procurement officers planning procedures and BMHP, more easily understand the procedures or operational standards for drug procurement technical guidelines provided. This is based procedures and BMHP, operational on interviews conducted with two standards for drug procurement procedures informants, both of whom stated that and BMHP, technical instructions for procedures and technical guidelines were purchasing drugs by e-Purchasing, easily understood: Permenkes No. 58 concerning e-Catalog, "We at the time of the issuance of Republic of Indonesia Presidential the regulations, we immediately started and Regulation No. 4 of 2015 concerning the from the LKPP side we also immediately procurement of government goods and provided training and technical guidance to services. us regarding the LKPP Procedure, so we can 3. Facilities and infrastructure understand e-Catalog quickly because we Facilities and infrastructure are also got training, so we understand the procedure one of the inputs that support the smooth of lkpp. The procedure is also easy to running of drug procurement activities at the understand because it is clear and gradual Health Office. Data on facilities and "(SR, 38 years, October 24, 2018) infrastructure were obtained through in- "Existing procedures for purchasing depth interviews, observation and document drugs in e-Purchasing are easy to review. The following are the results of a understand, moreover the instructions used review of documents related to facilities and are simple, so they are easier to understand infrastructure related to e-Purchasing drug and apply" (MS, 40 years, 7 November procurement in Wondama Bay District and 2018). Based on the explanation above, it Manokwari Regency:

Table 3. Inventory list of goods in the procurement room of the Wondama Bay Health Office, Manokwari and Arfak Mountains No Good name Regeency of Teluk Wondama Regeency of Manokwari Regeency of Pegunungan Arfak 1. Computer 1 1 1 2. Scanner 1 1 - 3. Printer 4 3 1 4. Komputer LCD 18” 1 1 - 5 Laptop 3 2 1 6 Working table 1 1 1 7 AC 1 PK 1 1 - 8 Working table ½ biro 1 1 - 9 unitrend table 1 1 - 10 Internet Not stabil Ada - 11 Electricity Exist exist Limited

Based on the table above there are Based on the results of in-depth several facilities, namely computers, interviews conducted with the three scanners, printers, LCD computers, laptops, informants, it is known that the facilities and various kinds of tables, and air conditioners. infrastructure in the Manokwari Health The results of this document review are also Office are sufficient to carry out the e- supported by observations what was done Purchasing process, while the Teluk was that the facilities in the document were Wondama Regency is an unstable network already in place, besides that also in the which disrupts the e-Purchasing process and procurement room there were also chairs for Arfak Mountains Regency facilities and and an unwritten internet network in the infrastructure to conduct e-Purchasing there inventory of the procurement room. are shortcomings, especially for electricity

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 289 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Amiluddin et.al. Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province that is not stable and frequent power outages procurement planning data is obtained and internet networks that do not yet exist through in-depth interviews and document so that it becomes an obstacle in the e- review. The planning process for procuring Purchasing process, procurement of drugs is medicines at the Health Office has several carried out offline or direct procurement and stages, along with the stages: procurement . "The facilities and 1) First the drug planning department is infrastructure here are sufficient and for used to use consumption patterns to see procurement based on e-Catalog also does drug use in the last 1 (one) year, so that any not require too much equipment, the most drug that is needed is needed for the Health important thing is that we must have a Service by considering the reserve stock for computer / laptop, fast internet network, the drug. This is based on interviews stationery, and office space like a desk and conducted with the two informants, both of cupboard. All of them are enough to help whom stated that planning for the the procurement process "(SR, 38 years, procurement of drugs uses consumption October 24, 2018) patterns: Facilities and infrastructure for e- "The planning process will vary, but Catalog purchase are the most, laptops, we are here using consumption patterns we internet, office equipment, rooms, already see drug use in the last year, which is the quite enough for facilities and infrastructure one with the least amount of medication so so there are no constraints lacking the tools we can determine how many drugs we have we have, besides, the internet is also always to buy. Besides that we also pay attention to stable. The problem with e-Catalog is that it the buffer of 20% (SR, 38 years, October is often difficult to access it last week from 24, 2018) " Thursday can not be accessed. So that's the We make plans based on consumption problem in the e-Catalog if the ingredients methods, so we see usage for three years are good (MS, 40 years, 7 November 2018). "(MS, 40 years, 7 November 2018)" "For e-Catalog procurement 2) After you know what drugs you use are facilities and infrastructure there are not too many and already calculate how much to many. We need computers, tables, chairs, buy, then the next thing to do is look at stationery, telephones and rooms to work, electronic catalogs or E-Catalogs on the and stable internet access. Everything has website, by looking at e-Catalog officers been fulfilled so that the process runs can sort out which drugs enter e-Catalog smoothly "(HN, 30 years, 25 October 2018). with e-Purchasing procedures and those that Based on the explanation above, it don't enter e-Catalog. Medicines that are not can be concluded that the Health Office has included in e-Catalog are made outside of e- sufficient facilities and infrastructure to Catalog. This is based on interviews with support the process of procurement of drugs two informants, both of whom stated that by e-Purchasing. The following means the buying process was divided into two: inside e-Purchasing medicines in the form "This plan was made for procurement in of tables, chairs, cabinets, books / shelves, general, after we saw the usage later, then computers / typewriters, office stationery, we will separate which one can we buy telephones and stable internet access. In using e-Catalog and non-e-Catalog by addition, it also features infrastructure in the looking at the E-Catalog website (SR, 38 form of a procurement official's room. years, October 24, 2018)" "So we see e- Catalog first. We print everything first. 4. Process of Drug Requirement Planning Because if we compile it directly e-catlogue The process of planning drug needs and non e-Catalog (MS, 40 years, 7 carried out by the Health Office is related to November 2018) " the procurement of medicines in e- 3) After that the order process is carried out Purchasing with consumption patterns. Drug by submitting the purchase of medicine to

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 290 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Amiluddin et.al. Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province the head of the pharmaceutical installation non-E-Catalog procedures. Ordering drugs who will be forwarded to the head of the using the e-Purchasing procedure is the supporting field with the approval of the main procedure that is established but there head of the medical support section. This is are a number of conditions that cause based on the results of interviews with two procurement officers to make purchases informants, both of whom stated that the outside of e-Catalog, namely: order was made with the agreement of 1) Drug items are not available on the e- several parties: "Before making an order, it Catalog portal will be submitted first, starting from 2) Not getting approval from drug provider planning to the head of the pharmacy e-Catalog section and continuing to the Head of SDK 3) Long response from the drug provider for approval" (SR, 38 years, 24 October 4) As well as late delivery from e-Catalog 2018) drug providers "We will make an order if the This is based on interviews conducted with submission that we submit has been three informants, all three of which stated approved by the head of the pharmaceutical that the purchase of drugs can be done installation, the supporting department and outside of e-Catalog if the officers find the medical section head. "(MS, 40 years, 7 several obstacles: November 2018). The explanation above is "Purchases using the e-Catalog provide also supported by the results of a review of convenience for us, but not all the drugs we the operational standard documents for drug want to buy are in E-catalogue so we buy needs planning procedures and BMHP, them outside the E-Catalog we buy outside which contains general planning processes, the E-Catalog and also choose the cheapest which are carried out by the warehouse price and if the price can be the same as the coordinator who makes compilation of drug drug in e-Catalog. In addition, sometimes use and BMHP, using drug data and reports there are also obstacles from the length of from BMHP. warehouse, after submitting a the agreement, drug delivery, sometimes proposal for procurement when inventory is also not approved by the provider, while the running low, after it is submitted, the head needs in the warehouse must be fulfilled of the pharmacy section will sort out the immediately; we are forced to go outside E- types of procurement and plan drug needs catalogue "(MS, 40 years, 7 November for each type of procurement and finally the 2018) head of the pharmacy section and support "This year the e-Catalog drug SDK Head with approval from the head of delivery is often too late so we have to buy the Health Office Based on the explanation it outside the e-Catalog so that our above it can be concluded that the needs warehouse can be fulfilled, besides we also planning process starts from the supplies buy it outside the E-Catalog because not all coordinator making a compilation of uses drugs are in EE-Catalog" (ZA, 40 years, 14 with the last consumption method after November 2018). "We make purchases being submitted to the head of the outside of e-Catalog if the drug we want to pharmaceutical installation, it will be buy is not in e-Catalog but also see our determined to the type of procurement based needs if we have ordered the drug in e- on the planning needs made. So that it can Catalog but not sent while the drug is gone separate purchases with e-Catalog and non- or empty we make purchases outside e - e-Catalog. Catalogue to cover the availability of drugs 5. Ordering Medication in the warehouse "(SR, 38 years, October The drug ordering process is divided 24, 2018) into two, namely ordering using e- The process of ordering drugs Purchasing procedures based on e-Catalog outside the e-Purchasing method is carried and ordering using non-e-Purchasing or out through a public auction conducted by

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 291 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Amiluddin et.al. Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province procurement officers by sorting the price of starts from planning needs, ordering drugs, drugs that are cheap and close to the price of contractual agreements, and drug delivery. e-Catalog. Procurement officers will For the output of drug procurement by e- overtake drug items that have prices similar Purchasing itself is the availability of drugs to e-Catalog by looking at the quality and at the Health Office expiration time of the drug. The auction 4.1. Input Procurement of drugs by e- process is carried out by procurement Purchasing officials by looking at and searching for Input is input that needs to be drug information in drug companies, provided or must be available to carry out procurement officers can find information an activity or process. Input plays an through the internet, via telephone, or important role in a system. If the input is not distributors who often come to offer their available properly, it can inhibit activities products. The main obstacle in this auction that occur in the process of a system, it can is price, procurement officers look for prices even prevent a system from achieving its that are close to e-Catalog or the same as e- objectives. Drug procurement activities Catalog prices but not many companies can based on the Health Department e-Catalog afford it. This is based on the results of must be able to provide inputs that support interviews with informants, informants said the activity process. Inputs from that buying outside of e-Catalog using procurement of drugs in e-Purchasing are auctions. human resources, procedures, facilities and infrastructure. Human resources are a 4. DISCUSSION determining factor in achieving an Procurement is one of the activities organizational goal. Human resources are contained in the logistics management very important assets of an organization. cycle. Procurement activities include The success of an organization can only be planning and determining needs up to achieved if the rules or policies and logistical receipts. (Irmawati, 2014). procedures relating to humans from the Procurement of drugs by e-Purchasing is organization are interconnected and one of the ways in the purchasing process contribute to the achievement of that is determined by the government to organizational goals (Hamid, 2014). meet the needs of health facilities, Human resources in the health sector especially the Health Office in the need for or Health Human Resources are all people quality and appropriate prices. At the Health whose main activities are aimed at Office, drug procurement activities are one improving health. Health HR in the of the parts of the pharmaceutical pharmaceutical field is divided into two management cycle. Drug procurement classifications, namely pharmacy work, activities at the Health Office are the namely pharmacists and pharmacy technical responsibility of the pharmacy department personnel (Pharmacy Service Standards, of the Health Office (Permenkes, 2014). 2014). The resources assigned to the drug Procurement of drugs by e-Purchasing has procurement process at the Wondama Bay been carried out by the Health Office since District Health Office are 8 people including the regulation was issued, namely 2013 until APBN / The budget for 1 person, now. To see how the implementation in Manokwari Regency, consists of 9 people hospitals is used the theory of Logic Models including 1 person in charge of the APBN / is seen from the input to the output of this e- APBD and 1 Arfak Mountain Regency. The Catalog program or policy. Input from the drug planner carried out by E-Purchasing procurement of drugs in E-Purchasing is itself consists of the head of the pharmacy human resources, budget, procedures, section, assisted by pharmacy section staff facilities and infrastructure. The process of and pharmaceutical installations. procuring drugs in an E-Purchasing manner Availability of human resources related to

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 292 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Amiluddin et.al. Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province procurement of drugs in e-Purchasing can established procedures. Based on the be seen from two aspects, namely quantity pharmaceutical service standards in the and quality. Health Service in 2014, pharmaceutical Quantitatively the amount of installations must have pharmacists and resources possessed by the Health Office is pharmaceutical technical personnel in still less related to the e-Purchasing process accordance with the workload and other of drug procurement. The e-Purchasing supporting officers in order to achieve the officer has additional duties besides the goals and objectives of the pharmaceutical main task in procuring drugs. More installation of the Health Office. The head additional tasks will disrupt the performance of the pharmacy installation must be held by of the officers, this was also found in the the Pharmacist and assisted by Ningsih (2013) study in his research at the pharmaceutical technical personnel. Eye Health Service Dr. YAP Yogyakarta Existing resources at the Health Department states that there is a relationship between Pharmacy Installation when viewed from workload and the performance of employees the quality are in accordance with these or health workers at the Health Office, the regulations by being headed by a Pharmacist greater the workload the lower the and assisted by pharmaceutical technical performance. This study is also directly personnel, while in quantity they are still proportional to the research conducted by lacking because the officer holding the Suryaningrum (2015) that there is a assignment is an officer who has multiple relationship between workload and work assignments. stress of health workers or nurses in PKU In this study looking at the budget of Muhammadiyah General Hospital the amount of funds that are sufficient and Yogyakarta. In addition, based on research the use of appropriate funds. For the amount conducted by Adyaksa (2015) that limited of funds in the Health Office, it is sufficient resources and resources that already have for the implementation of the procurement other tasks make the drug procurement team of medicines e-Purchasing because the based on e-Catalog e-purchasing ineffective budget originating from two sources as well in carrying out the procurement process. as the procurement officer does not The improvement and development of the experience a shortage of costs for quality of Health Human Resources owned purchasing drugs in e-Purchasing and this by health agencies will be able to support can also be seen from the amount of funds the achievement of an effective and efficient available which has earned all the funds health service in the JKN era (RI Health needed, so the procurement process can run Human Resources Development Agency, well. This is also in line with the results of 2013). research conducted by Afriadi (2005) and In quality, the resources owned by Ukai (2009) that the procurement of drugs the Health Office have enough competence that are running well gets support from related to the procurement process of drugs several budget sources and precisely the that have had a pharmaceutical education arrival schedule of drugs. background (Health Act No. 26 of 2009). In addition, the budget is also seen in Pharmaceutical work includes making, terms of usage or use based on in-depth including controlling pharmaceutical interviews conducted with several supplies, planning, procuring, storing and procurement officers. It is known that the distributing drugs must be carried out by utilization of funds has been maximally health workers who have the expertise and carried out. The budget provided has been authority in accordance with statutory used maximally for e-purchasing drugs. provisions Quality. This resource can be Work procedures for procuring drugs are seen by understanding work procedures that made in general, namely for all procedures have been implemented in accordance with for purchasing both e-Purchasing and Non-

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 293 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Amiluddin et.al. Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province e-Purchasing because technically technical For planning drug procurement in e- instructions have been provided for Purchasing, it is done by separating purchasing drugs. Based on the results of purchases in e-Purchasing and non e- the in-depth interview, it was found that Purchasing when planning is done the procurement resources had understood and officer will look at the website to determine carried out procedures or technical the number of drugs entered in e-Catalog. guidelines regarding procurement based on After knowing how many drugs to buy, the e-catalogs in e-Purchasing because in officer can make a purchase package after addition to the procedures easy to seeing in the e-Catalog what drugs are there, understand, the Health Office was also then separating the drugs that will be given guidance from the government. purchased in e-Purchasing and non-e- Knowledge and understanding of Purchasing. This is also in accordance with procedures are important. Based on research PMK No. 63 of 2014 that prior to ordering conducted by Sa'adah Dkk (2014) it is drugs, procurement officials will see a list of known that the importance of understanding drugs in e-Catalog so they can determine the SOP, knowledge of SOP is one of the list of drug purchase packages based on e- factors that influence the efficiency of purchasing e-purchasing. Based on the pharmaceutical supplies. explanation above, it is known that the Technical instructions for the Health Office has implemented a drug procurement of drugs based on e-Catalog requirement plan in accordance with PMK also have been disseminated throughout the No. 63 of 2014 and Pharmacy Service work units in the health sector and have Standards at the Health Office, namely by been socialized regarding the technical using one method between Consumption, guidelines. In carrying out the procedures Epidemiology, a combination of and technical guidelines that have been consumption methods and epidemiology implemented, the officers have begun to and adjusted to the budget provided. This carry out in the form of procurement planning method is also used for all ways to procedures, planning of drug requirements, purchase either e-Purchasing or Non-e- receiving drugs and technical guidance for Purchasing. e-Purchasing drug procurement. Based on Planning using the Consumption the explanation above, it is known that the method is indeed one of the ways in the procurement officer at the Hospital who has Pharmacy service standard, but for the procured the drug in e-Purchasing has purpose of self-planning this method is still understood the technical instructions not appropriately used, because there are provided and has performed the procedures still drug vacancies in the Health Office. at the Health Office. Facilities and This was also found in research conducted infrastructure are one of the inputs that must by Rahmawati (2015) and Badarudin (2015) be prepared to carry out an activity. In that planning procurement of drugs using Permenkes RI No. 58 concerning consumption methods was not in pharmaceutical service standards at the accordance with needs and could not be Health Office, pharmaceutical services at used as a basis for the study of drug use so the Health Office which include 2 (two) that there was often a shortage of drug activities, namely those that are managerial stocks in the Pharmacy warehouse. In a and clinical. These activities must be study conducted by Istinganah (2006), it supported by human resources, facilities and was shown that failure in planning drug equipment. needs could be resulting in a stockpile of 4.2 Proses Pengadaan Obat Berdasarkan medicine at the Health Office. This is also secara E-Purchasing in accordance with the research conducted This data is needed to perform by Yulistiani (2014) regarding the analysis calculations using the method consumption. of drug needs in Pahuwato Regional

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Hospital, stating that the inaccuracy in been implemented because there has been determining the type of drug and the stock no follow-up on the non-compliance of void is due to the weak planning process of these drug providers at the Health Office. drug needs at the Health Office. This shows This long response from this provider made the importance of the process of planning the Health Office have to purchase drugs drug needs in supporting the availability of outside of e-Catalog in order to be able to a number of drugs in health. fulfill the needs at the Health Office. Based on the explanation above, it is Compliance with drug providers or known that the Health Office has been distributors in e-Catalog based drug planning drug needs using one of the procurement regulations is indeed still very methods available at the 2014 low, this is seen by the frequency of the Pharmaceutical Services Standard, but the distributors not applying the rules that have planning carried out by planning officers is been set. This was also found in the still not in accordance with the purpose of evaluation of the implementation of the planning drug needs, namely avoiding procurement of drugs based on E-catalogue emptiness drug. in 2014 and 2015 by the Directorate of The drug ordering process is a step Public Medicine Development and Health in purchasing drugs after planning the drug supplies, which are still found by before, in the process of ordering the complaints from the Health Office on the procurement officer must also consider the slow response from drug providers, not only aspects of the distributor / seller, as well as that there are also complaints about the the location of the seller, so that they can fulfillment of drugs that are not compliant avoid long waiting times and get quality with the drug providers (Directorate of drugs. (Irmawati, 2014) After the issuance public medicine development and health of e-Catalog based drug procurement solutions, 2016; Tanan.et.al., 2019, Weya. policies by the government, the order et.al. 2018). ordering process can now be done by e- Based on the explanation above, it is Purchasing, namely the procedure for known that the Health Office has purchasing goods / services in this case implemented a drug ordering process in e- drugs through an electronic catalog system Purchasing and Non-e-Purchasing in (PMK No. 63 of 2014). accordance with PMK No. 63 concerning Provider response to orders via e- Procurement of drugs based on e-Catalog in Purchasing has been established in the new e-Purchasing, But when ordering drugs that umbrella contract that the length of response are carried out it is often late because there responds to e-purchasing orders at the latest is no information system that gives a 7 Calendar days (Sosialiane, 2015). In the warning if the drug has entered the order process carried out by the Health minimum amount. Contracts or also often Service, it is known that the procurement referred to as agreements are agreements often gets a slow response from the between various parties that will be affected provider; sometimes in one purchase can by the law (Abrams, 2008). The form of an wait for a response from the provider more agreement is made in writing (contract), one than 7 days. Delay in response from the of which is the signing of the signatures of provider can actually be penalized because the parties involved in the agreement. it does not respond to orders through e- Signatures, besides functioning as a form of Purchasing, this sanction can be a written agreement, also as a form of agreement on warning (SP1, SP2). And if this SP is not the place, time and content of the agreement followed up, the provider of goods / services made (Wicaksono, Frans Satrio, 2008). is subject to 5% of the order / transaction Contract Agreement in e-Catalog value (Hukomas Setdijen, 2015). The procurement in e-Purchasing is a written application of these sanctions has not yet agreement between the buyer and seller in

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 295 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Amiluddin et.al. Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province this case between the PPK and the goods / Based on the explanation above, it is service provider or self-managing known that the availability of drugs in implementer. Contract agreements are made Manokwari Regency, Wondama Bay is not to make agreements between the two parties yet in accordance with the indicators set by so that between the two parties must comply the Director General of Pharmaceutical and with the agreement that has been made Medical Devices 2010. The cause of this together. The contract agreement in the vacancy is the delay in ordering applications procurement of Pharmacy was conducted because there is no information system that for (PMK No. 63 of 2014). can warn if drugs has entered the minimum The contract agreement process stock, besides that there are also obstacles carried out by the Commitment Making from not fulfilling the number of drugs by e- Officer in Manokwari Regency, Teluk Purchasing by distributors, the extension of Wondama starts from the previous E- the time of drug delivery, and there has been Purchasing process, after which the PPK a national drug vacuum. (buyer) downloads the procurement contract format and contracts with the work 5. CONCLUSIONS distributor / executor appointed by the 1. E-Purchasing human resource input in the provider. The agreement that already exists Teluk Wondama District and Manokwari in the sample format contract can be added District Health Offices in the number of or reduced in accordance with the pharmacy staff is sufficient and the quality agreement agreed between the PPK (buyer) or educational background is sufficient to and the distributor / executor of the work. process e-purchasing drugs while in Arfak Based on the explanation above, it is known Mountains District has not been that the contract agreement process carried implemented because limited human out is in accordance with the technical resources and supporting infrastructure. instructions and refers to Republic of 2. Policy input in drug procurement refers to Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation No. PMK No. 63 of 2014 and Pharmaceutical 58 of 2014 concerning the procurement of Service Standard No. 58 of 2014. drugs based on e-Catalog. 3. The input of the availability of facilities This extension of time made the and infrastructure is sufficient to support e- warehouse have to submit another request Purchasing process of drug procurement proposal because to anticipate the drug except in the District Health Office of Arfak vacuum in the warehouse, and with this time Mountains because there is no electricity delay resulted in incompatibility with the and internet network. plans made. Obstacles in the long waiting 4. The process of planning drug needs based time were also obtained in one of the on e-Catalog in e-Purchasing is in obstacles in the availability of drugs in the accordance with PMK No. 63 of 2014 and JKN era: E-catalogue medicine in 2013- Pharmaceutical Service Standard No. 58 of 2015 one of the obstacles was a long 2014 but still unable to avoid a drug waiting time (Engko, 2016;Shanti, et.al. vacuum. 2018). According Ansari (2009) the delay in 5. The process of ordering drugs by e- delivering goods by suppliers is one of the Purchasing and Non-e-purchasing is in problems that often arise in the process of accordance with PMK No. 63 of 2014, but procuring drugs which results in a drug the order time not in accordance with the vacuum. This is also in line with research 2014 Pharmaceutical Service Standards conducted by Adyaksa in Denpasar city that through the process of drug contract the distribution of drugs had experienced agreement in e-Purchasing. delays and the realization of the drug did not 6. The process of distribution or delivery of reach 100%. drugs in e-Purchasing at in Manokwari Regency, Wondama Bay based on the

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 296 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Amiluddin et.al. Analysis of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing Method in Papua Barat Province number, type and time of delivery, berpekalan Alat – Alat Kesehatan. according to the contract made. There are Kemenkes RI, Jakarta. obstacles in the form of contract changes  Farmasiana, 2016. Menyambut Era e- (addendum) related to the delivery time. Catalogue dalam Tender ALKES dan Obat, 7. The availability of e-Catalog based drugs Tersedia Secara Online pada in e-Purchasing in warehouses is not in http://www.farmasi.asia/e-Catalogue- tender-alkes-obat/ accordance with the indicators set by the  Irmawati (2014). Manajemen Logistik di Director General of Pharmacy and Health rumah Sakit. Institute ilmu kesehatan: Equipment 2010, which are as many as 8 university press. types of empty stock medicines and 4 types  Janggo WO, Msen Y, Rantetampang AL, of drugs that have almost depleted stocks. Mallongi A. The factors affecting pain The drug emptiness is caused by the number intensity to patient post operative fracture at of drugs that are not all realized, when drug Jayapura public hospital. International delivery by distributors, drug vacancies Journal of Science & Healthcare Research. have occurred nationwide, and the absence 2018; 3(4): 81-90. of an information system that can warn the  Kemenkes RI, 2014, Peraturan Menteri number of drugs entering the minimum Kesehatan Nomor 63 Tahun 2014 Tentang stock, so that the booking is not too late. Pengadaan Obat Brdasarkan Katalog Elektronik (e-Katalog), Kementerian REFERENCES Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta  Adiyaksa, Ida Bagus (2015). Evaluasi  Kemenkes RI, 2017, Surat Edaran Menteri implementasi Pengadaan Obat berdasarkan Kesehatan Nomor katalog elektonik (E-Catalogue) di Kota HK.02.01/MEMKES/238/2017, Tentang Denpasar. Skripsi. Universitas Udayana, Batas Kadaluarsa Obat dan Perbekalan Bali. Kesehatan Untuk Pengadaan Obat Publik dan Perbekalan Kesehatan. Kementerian  Aldrian MA (2017) Pengaruh E-Purchasing Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta Terhadap Transparansi, Akses Pasar dan Efisiensi Proses Pengadaan Barang/Jasa  Kusmini (2015) Evaluasi Pelaksanaan E- Pemerintah Pada Kementerian Keuangan. Purchasing Obat Pada Dinas Kesehatan Skripsi Kabupaten/Kota Di Jawa Tengah.  Anshari, M (2009). Aplikasi Manajemen  Lestyowati J (2018). Analisis Permasalahan Pengelolaan Obat Dan Makanan. Nuha E-Purchasing Dalam Pengadaan Barang dan Medika, Yogyakarta Jasa Satuan Kerja. Snkn 2018 | Simposium Nasional Keuangan Negara  Anindito, Adi Prasetyo. 2011. Perencanaan Tata Letak Dan Sistem Informasi Gudang  LKPP. 2015. Surat Edaran Nomor 3 Tahun Obat (studi kasus di PT Sapta Sari Tama). 2015 Tentang Pelaksanaan Pengadaan Universita Diponogoro: Tesis. Barang/Jasa Melalui e-Purchasing. Jakarta : Lembaga Kebijakan Pengadaan Barang/Jasa  Badarudin, Muhammad. 2015. Gambaran Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Pengelolaan Persediaan Obat Digudang Farmasi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota  LKPP. 2016. Petunjuk Penggunaan Aplikasi Sekayu Kabpaten Musi Banyuasin e-Prchasing Produk Barang dan Jasa Palembang Tahun 2015. UIN Syarif Pemerintah, Jakarta : Lembaga Kebijakan Hidayatllah Jakarta : Skripsi. Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah Republik Indonesia  Hamid, Sanusi. 2014. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Yogyakarta: Deepublish  Mahdiyani Ulfa, dkk (2018), Evaluasi Pengelolaan Obat Terhadap Perencanaan  Hukomas Setdijen. 2015. Pertemuan Rutin dan Pengadaan di RSUD Muntilan & Rapat Evaluasi Penggunaan ekatalog Kabupaten Magelang Tahun 2015 – 2016, Direktorat Bina Obat Publik dengan Industri Yogyakarta. Farmasi dan Distributor. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.  Maulidie Mochammad, dkk (2016) Evaluasi Pengelolaan Obat Tahap Seleksi dan  Direktorat Bina Obat Publik dan Perbekalan Perencanaan di Era Jaminan Kesehatan Kesehatan, 2016. Pedoman Persediaan dan

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