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May 2021 Dispatch

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May 2021 Dispatch R2P Dispatch May 2021 Authors/Auteurs: Fernanda Bernardo, Rebeca Ancer, Angela Liu, Georgia Sayers, Grace Vollers, Leena Badri, Lougein Metwally, Paranjay Sahanii, Samantha Quadros, Sumayyah Shah, Saarah Khan, Sarah Weiner, Victoria Liu, Keah Sharma, Francisca Carvalho, Anna Ivanova, Chris Han, Leo Viscomi, Andrea Sanchez May 2021 Table of Contents Arabic Division 2 Syria Chinese Division 10 Xinjiang Region English Division 22 Myanmar French Division 33 The Sahel Region Russian Division 51 North Korea Spanish Division 57 Latin America Bibliography 76 Disclaimer: Any views or opinions expressed in articles are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Canadian Centre for the Responsibility to Protect. Dégagement de responsabilités: les opinions exprimées dans les articles suivants sont celles des auteurs. Elles ne sont pas représentatives des opinions du Canadian Centre for the Responsibility to Protect. Canadian Centre for the Responsibility to Protect | 1 May 2021 Syria Highlights: Soldiers of the regime forces raise the victory sign next to the flag in Tal Al-Hara, on top of a hill in the Southwestern province of Daraa. ©AFP …Including a child“) ”,ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ طﻔﻞ.. 7 ﻗﺘﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻧﯿﯿﻦ وﻋﺴﻜﺮﯾﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ درﻋﺎ واﻟﻘﻨﯿﻄﺮة ﺑﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ“ .1 7 civilians and soldiers were killed in Daraa and Quintera, in separate operations”). Enaab Baladi. According to reports published by a Syrian non-profit media organization, several individuals have recently been killed in Syria by attacks ranging from direct gunfire to explosions. The report highlights that many of the recent deaths in the Syrian cities of Daraa and Quintera have been assassinations of either Syrian government forces or the opposition’s forces. Assassinations of military personnel have likely increased due to persistent fighting for territorial ownership of the two aforementioned areas. However, military personnel are not the only ones affected, with civilian deaths also increasing in these regions. This demonstrates that Syrian civilians continue to be caught in the crossfire between government forces and the opposition. Of particular concern is the death of a child who was killed when a device exploded on the side of the road in the northern countryside of Daraa. Ultimately, these events highlight that fighting in Syria continues to contribute to a rising civilian death toll. The ten year Syrian Civil War continues to generate civilian deaths. As previously mentioned, civilians are often caught in the crossfire between opposition forces and Syrian government forces. However, the Syrian government has notably been accused of targeting Canadian Centre for the Responsibility to Protect | 2 May 2021 civilians as a military strategy. With Syrian government forces being responsible for over 150,000 civilian deaths, their complicity in civilian suffering remains an international issue.1 Additionally, the evidence presented by humanitarian agencies indicates that the Syrian government is in fact murdering civilians.2 This constitutes a crime against humanity, thus, any coercive action against the Syrian government is sanctioned under R2P.3 In numbers. The“) ”,ﺑﺎﻷرﻗﺎم.. أزﻣﺔ اﻟﻼﺟﺌﯿﻦ واﻟﻨﺎزﺣﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻮرﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ 10 ﺳﻨﻮات ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮب“ .2 Syrian refugee and displacement crisis after 10 years of war”). CNN Arabic. For the past ten years, the Syrian Civil War has marked itself as one of the worst humanitarian crises of this era. Statistics collected by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) have shown that this long drawn out war has resulted in 5.5 million Syrians having to seek refuge in neighbouring countries. This statistic is particularly alarming since approximately 66% of all Syrian refugees are women and children. The UNHCR’s research also indicates that conditions for refugees often do not improve after they escape the war, with 1.8 million refugees having to reside in refugee camps with poor conditions. These statistics outline that the situation in Syria remains dire and continues to constitute a serious humanitarian crisis. 1 Why Has the Syrian War Lasted 10 Years?,” BBC News, accessed 16 March 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229. 2 Why Has the Syrian War Lasted 10 Years?,” BBC News, accessed 16 March 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229. 3 International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect RtoP Toolkit on the Responsibility to Protect. (New York: International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect, n.d.), 16 Canadian Centre for the Responsibility to Protect | 3 May 2021 A family of Syrian refugees. ©Sean Gallup/ Getty Images اﻟﺪﻧﻤﺎرك: ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم إﺟﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﺌﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻼﺟﺌﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻮرﯾﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻮدة إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﺴﻮرﯾﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ غ“ .3 Denmark: Hundreds of Syrian refugees must not be forced to return to“) ”,ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ the Syrian war zone illegally”). Amnesty International. The article from Amnesty International describes the precarious and dangerous situation that hundreds of Syrian refugees in Denmark face, as they have been stripped of their residency permits and await ruling to determine whether they will be forced to return to Syria. The Danish Immigration Services has informed the refugees that if the government considers Damascus and the neighboring cities to be safe, they will be forced to return. Between January 2020 and April 2021, Denmark revoked the residency permits of at least 380 refugees, who were then forced to return to the identified ‘safe’ regions in Syria.4 According to Amnesty International sources, 39 Syrians have received a final decision, and are at risk of returning to Syria once Denmark re-establishes diplomatic relations with Damascus. While Syrian refugees await the government’ decision, their temporary protection status and residency permits have been revoked. Although their expulsion is not yet official, removing their permits and protection status offers them no defence and freedom when awaiting for the final ruling. Niels Muznex, the Director of Amnesty International’s Europe Program states that, while they await their deportation, these Syrian refugees are being transferred and held in ‘return centers.’ People inside return centers face a myriad of constrictions. They are unable to work, continue their education, or receive 4 “Denmark: Hundreds of Syrian refugees must not be forced to return to the Syrian war zone illegally”, Amnesty International, April 23, 2021. https://www.amnesty.org/ar/latest/news/2021/04/denmark-hundreds-of-refugees-must-not-be-illegally-forced-ba ck-to-syrian-warzone/ Canadian Centre for the Responsibility to Protect | 4 May 2021 government benefits. Coupled with an unidentified waiting period, these constrictions pose serious disadvantages for Syrian refugees who require social and financial assistance.5 Lastly, the article explains how upon their return to Damascus and areas controlled by the Syrian government, civilians must undergo a rigorous ‘security clearance’ that involves intense interrogation by Syrian forces, with the process possibly including the use of torture, extrajudicial executions, and enforced disappearances- making the return to Damascus dangerous and volatile. The case of the Syrian refugees in Denmark, invokes R2P, as the deportation and forcible transfer of populations constitute crimes against humanity under the Rome Statute.6 Furthermore, the discriminant conditions of ‘return’ centers, and the unsafe entry into Damascus, also poses a threat to the lives of the affected Syrians. Ultimately, the return to Syria is categorically unsafe, and in order to prevent any further displacement and suffering, immediate intervention is required. 5 Ibid. 6 International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect RtoP Toolkit on the Responsibility to Protect. (New York: International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect, n.d.), 16 Canadian Centre for the Responsibility to Protect | 5 May 2021 Syrian refugees in a camp on the border with Turkey. ©Getty Images United Nations: 12.4“) ”,اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة: 12.4 ﻣﻠﯿﻮن ﺳﻮري ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻧﻌﺪام اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ“ .4 million Syrians are food insecure”). Al-Jazeera Arabic. This article from Al-Jazeera, explains how the issue of food insecurity has only worsened in Syria, due to the coupling effect of Covid-19 and a falling currency rate. The World Food Program states that food prices across Syria in early 2021, are 33 times higher than the average of the past five years.The country’s descent into constant war and political volatility, has severely impacted its economic stability and has made access to even the most basic necessities increasingly difficult and unattainable for the average Syrian citizen. The United Nations World Food Program stated that more than 12 million citizens struggle to find enough food, meaning that 60% of the population suffers from food insecurity. These numbers represent a sharp increase of over 9 million people, since May of 2020.7 This dramatic increase signifies a deteriorating condition which continues to threaten thousands of people each day. Furthermore, the economic crisis in neighboring Lebanon has decreased the amount of foreign currency in Syria, which has only meant more economic strain for the country. This has directly impacted the citizens, who continue to slide more and more into poverty and food insecurity each day. UN Spokesperson Hariella Lawson explains that the food insecurity crisis means that many of Syrian citizens depend entirely on humanitarian aid to survive. This condition is unsustainable and poses serious risks to the health and livability of citizens.
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