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Supramolecular Materials
This is a repository copy of Supramolecular Materials. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/115714/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Amabilino, David, Smith, David Kelham orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-2714 and Steed, Jon (2017) Supramolecular Materials. Chemical Society Reviews. pp. 2404-2420. ISSN 0306- 0012 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00163k Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ CREATED USING THE RSC ARTICLE TEMPLATE (VER. 3.0) - SEE WWW.RSC.ORG/ELECTRONICFILES FOR DETAILS ARTICLE TYPE www.rsc.org/xxxxxx | XXXXXXXX Supramolecular Materials David B. Amabilino,a David K. Smith b and Jonathan W. Steed c Received (in XXX, XXX) 1st January 2017, Accepted 1st January 2017 First published on the web 1st January 2017 5 DOI: 10.1039/b000000x Molecular material properties depend upon the contacts between and the arrangement of the component parts, and therefore supramolecular chemistry has developed a highly important role in this area. -
Comparative Study of Disinfectants for Use in Low-Cost Gravity Driven Household Water Purifiers Rajshree A
443 © IWA Publishing 2013 Journal of Water and Health | 11.3 | 2013 Comparative study of disinfectants for use in low-cost gravity driven household water purifiers Rajshree A. Patil, Shankar B. Kausley, Pradeep L. Balkunde and Chetan P. Malhotra ABSTRACT Point-of-use (POU) gravity-driven household water purifiers have been proven to be a simple, low- Rajshree A. Patil Shankar B. Kausley (corresponding author) cost and effective intervention for reducing the impact of waterborne diseases in developing Pradeep L. Balkunde Chetan P. Malhotra countries. The goal of this study was to compare commonly used water disinfectants for their TCS Innovation Labs – TRDDC, fi 54B, Hadapsar Industrial Estate, feasibility of adoption in low-cost POU water puri ers. The potency of each candidate disinfectant Pune - 411013, was evaluated by conducting a batch disinfection study for estimating the concentration of India E-mail: [email protected] disinfectant needed to inactivate a given concentration of the bacterial strain Escherichia coli ATCC 11229. Based on the concentration of disinfectant required, the size, weight and cost of a model purifier employing that disinfectant were estimated. Model purifiers based on different disinfectants were compared and disinfectants which resulted in the most safe, compact and inexpensive purifiers were identified. Purifiers based on bromine, tincture iodine, calcium hypochlorite and sodium dichloroisocyanurate were found to be most efficient, cost effective and compact with replacement parts costing US$3.60–6.00 for every 3,000 L of water purified and are thus expected to present the most attractive value proposition to end users. Key words | disinfectant, drinking water, E. -
Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposite Filaments Produced by an In-Situ Reduction Reactive Melt Mixing Process
biomimetics Article Three-Dimensional Printed Antimicrobial Objects of Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposite Filaments Produced by an In-Situ Reduction Reactive Melt Mixing Process Nectarios Vidakis 1, Markos Petousis 1,* , Emmanouel Velidakis 1, Marco Liebscher 2 and Lazaros Tzounis 3 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; [email protected] (N.V.); [email protected] (E.V.) 2 Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, DE-01062 Dresden, Germany; [email protected] 3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-2810-37-9227 Received: 14 August 2020; Accepted: 31 August 2020; Published: 2 September 2020 Abstract: In this study, an industrially scalable method is reported for the fabrication of polylactic acid (PLA)/silver nanoparticle (AgNP) nanocomposite filaments by an in-situ reduction reactive melt mixing method. The PLA/AgNP nanocomposite filaments have been produced initially + reducing silver ions (Ag ) arising from silver nitrate (AgNO3) precursor mixed in the polymer melt to elemental silver (Ag0) nanoparticles, utilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), respectively, as macromolecular blend compound reducing agents. PEG and PVP were added at various concentrations, to the PLA matrix. The PLA/AgNP filaments have been used to manufacture 3D printed antimicrobial (AM) parts by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). The 3D printed PLA/AgNP parts exhibited significant AM properties examined by the reduction in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria viability (%) experiments at 30, 60, and 120 min duration of contact (p < 0.05; p-value (p): probability). -
Silver As a Drinking-Water Disinfectant
Silver as a drinking-water disinfectant Silver as a drinking-water disinfectant Alternative drinking-water disinfectants: silver ISBN 978-92-4-151369-2 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Alternative drinking-water disinfectants: bromine, iodine and silver. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. -
Safety Data Sheet Silver Nitrate Agn-25 Document No
Chief Medical Supplies Ltd. 411 – 19 Street, S. E. Calgary, AB., Canada. T2E 6J7 1.866.620.6034 Safety Data Sheet Silver Nitrate AgN-25 Document No. M-D6-009 Section I – Product and Company Identification Synonyms: Lunar caustic; Silver (1+) nitrate; Nitric Company Identification: acid, silver (1+) salt Chief Medical Supplies Ltd. CAS no.: 7761-88-8 411 – 19 Street, S. E. Calgary, AB., Canada. Molecular Weight: 169.87 T2E 6J7 Chemical Formula: AgNO3 1.866.620.6034 Product Codes: AgN-25 For information, call: 1-403-207-6034 Emergency Number: 1-403-207-6034 Section II – Hazards Identification Appearance: White Physical State: Solid Odor: None Hazards of Product: Contact with combustible / organic materials may cause fire. Causes burns by all exposure routes. Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Potential Health Hazards: Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion. Hazardous in case of skin contact (permeate), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive). The amount of tissue damage depends on length of contact. Eye contact can result in corneal damage or blindness. Skin contact can produce inflammation and blistering. Inhalation of dust will produce irritation to gastro-intestinal or respiratory tract, characterized by burning, sneezing and coughing. Severe over- exposure can produce lung damage, choking, unconsciousness or death. Prolonged exposure may result in skin burns and ulcerations. Over-exposure by inhalation may cause respiratory irritation. Carcinogenic Effects: Not available Mutagenic Effects: Not available. Teratogenic Effects: Not available. Developmental Toxicity: The substance is toxic to lungs. -
Effects of Some Chemicals on Vase Life of Some Cut Flowers I
J. Plant Production, Mansoura Univ., Vol. 8 (1): 49 - 53, 2017 Effects of Some Chemicals on Vase Life of Some Cut Flowers I. Effect of 8-Hydroxyquinoline Sulfate, Silver Nitrate, Silver Nano Particles and Chitosan on Vase Life and Quality of Cut Rose Flowers (Rosa hybrida. Cv. “Black Magic”) Abdel-Kader, H. H.1; A. M. Hamza1; T. T. Elbaz2 and S. M. Eissa2 1 Veg. and Flor. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Unive. 2 Ornam, Plants and Lands. Gard. Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Giza ABSTRACT This investigation was carried out during 2015 and 2016 seasons to determine whether the selected chemical agents could be used to improve the postharvest quality of Rosa hybrida L.cv. “Black Magic” cut flowers. Freshly cut flowers were placed in glass cylinders containing 100 ml of preservative solutions [8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) at 200 ppm, silver nitrate (AgNO3) at 10 ppm, Chitosan at 50, 75 or 100 ppm silver nano-particles (SN) at 5, 10 or 15 ppm, and distilled water as a control treatment].All preservative solutions and the control treatment included sucrose at 20 g/l. Compared to the control, treatments which contained of (AgNO3) or (SN) improved the quality and vase life of the flowers. They were more effective in promoting water uptake, increasing fresh weight of the flower and water balance so that the vase life of cut flowers were extended to 13.67 and 12 days during the first and second seasons, respectively. The results of bacterial count in the vase solution and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) pictures of the cut base of the stem indicated that (AgNO3) or (SN) strongly reduced bacterial population in both the vase solution and the cut stem base. -
Fall ¥ Pages 17-32
The Role of Electrochemical Power Sources in Modern Health Care by Curtis F. Holmes t has been more than forty years since the first implantable pacemaker was implanted into an animal. Two years later, in 1960, the first successful pace- maker was implanted into a human. This event ushered in an era of battery- powered biomedical devices that have played an increasingly important role in health care.1 I Today a variety of battery powered implantable devices are routinely implanted into patients to treat ailments ranging from irregular heartbeat to pain and epilepsy. Moreover, a wide variety of battery powered external devices are used to administer drugs, treat ailments, and monitor bodily functions. Battery powered devices thus play a very important role in the treatment of disease. This paper will discuss some of the more common applications of batteries in medical devices. The Cardiac Pacemaker In the 1950s it became common to treat a patient suffering from bradycardia with an external pacemaker which applied electrical shocks through the skin. The first units were powered by normal line power. The treatment was painful and patient mobility was severely restricted. Later a battery-powered hand-held device was developed by Earl Bakken and was used with myocardial leads, which eliminated much of the discomfort caused by the earlier line-powered units. The invention of the transistor in the 1950s provided the possibility of creating an implantable battery-powered pacemaker. Great- batch and Chardack in the U.S. and Sennig in Sweden were both pursuing this goal.2 The Greatbatch/Chardack team succeeded in pro- ducing a device powered by zinc/mercuric oxide cells. -
Silver Nitrate Complexes of Nitrogen-Containing
Silver Nitrate Complexes of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles Hubert Schmidbaur*, Angelika Mair, Gerhard Müller*, Joachim Lachmann+, and Siegfried Gamper+ Anorganisch-chemisches Institut der Technischen Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-8046 Garching Z. Naturforsch. 46b, 912-918 (1991); received February 19, 1991 Silver Complexes, Nitrogen Heterocycles, Pyrazole. Triazole, 8 -Amino-quinoline Pyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole, and 8 -amino-quinoline form complexes as neutral ligands with sil ver nitrate in slightly acidic aqueous medium. With pyrazole a 2:1 complex (1) is obtained. The crystal structure determination revealed an ionic structure with independent N 0 3~ anions and centrosymmetrical (pyr) 2Ag+ cations with a linear coordination geometry at the silver atoms. The reactions with 1,2,4-triazole and 8 -amino-quinoline yield dimeric 1:1 complexes (2, 3), in which the silver atoms are bridged by the ligands and have short contacts with nitrate oxygen atoms. The coordination geometry of the metals can thus be described as distorted tetrahedral. A 1 :1 complex with 2,3-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (2a) and a 2:1 complex with 8 -hydroxy-quino- line (4) have also been prepared, but not characterized in detail. Introduction prepared and characterized a series of complexes Complex formation of silver(I) cations by am of silver nitrate with pyrazole, (diphenyl)triazole, monia and amines has been well established in an 8 -amino-quinoline, and 8 -hydroxy-quinoline. alytical chemistry and chemical technology of sil ver for more than a century. However, nitrogen- Preparation and Properties of the Complexes containing heterocycles have also been among the early complexing agents. -
Phase Behavior of Ag2cro4 Under Compression
Article pubs.acs.org/JPCC Phase Behavior of Ag2CrO4 under Compression: Structural, Vibrational, and Optical Properties † ‡ † † † § ∥ David Santamaría-Perez,́ *, , Enrico Bandiello, Daniel Errandonea, Javier Ruiz-Fuertes, , Oscar Gomis, ⊥ ⊥ # # Juan Angel Sans, Francisco Javier Manjon,́ Placidá Rodríguez-Hernandez,́ and Alfonso Muñoz † Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, MALTA Consolider Team, Universidad de Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain ‡ Departamento de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, MALTA Consolider Team, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain § Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States of America ∥ Centro de Tecnologías Físicas: Acustica,́ Materiales y Astrofísica, MALTA Consolider Team, Universitat Politecnicà de Valencia,̀ 46022 Valencia,̀ Spain ⊥ Instituto de Diseño para la Fabricacioń y Produccioń Automatizada, MALTA Consolider Team, Universitat Politecnicà de Valencia,̀ 46022 Valencia,̀ Spain # Departamento de Física Fundamental II, Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, MALTA Consolider Team, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205 Tenerife, Spain ABSTRACT: We have performed an experimental study of the crystal structure, lattice dynamics, and optical properties of silver chromate (Ag2CrO4) at ambient temperature and high pressures. In particular, the crystal structure, Raman-active phonons, and electronic band gap have been accurately determined. When the initial orthorhombic Pnma Ag2CrO4 structure (phase I) is compressed up to 4.5 GPa, a previously undetected phase (phase II) has been observed with a 0.95% volume collapse. The structure of phase II can be indexed to a similar orthorhombic cell as phase I, and the transition can be considered to be an isostructural transition. This collapse is mainly due to the drastic contraction of the a axis (1.3%). -
Supporting Information for Proteomics DOI 10.1002/Pmic.200500596
Supporting Information for Proteomics DOI 10.1002/pmic.200500596 Li-Tai Jin, Sun-Young Hwang, Gyurng-Soo Yoo and Jung-Kap Choi A mass spectrometry compatible silver staining method for protein incorporating a new silver sensitizer in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels ª 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim www.proteomics-journal.com Supplementary Information A mass spectrometry compatible silver staining method for protein incorporating a new silver sensitizer in sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels Li-Tai Jin, Sun-Young Hwang, Gyurng-Soo Yoo and Jung-Kap Choi College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju 500-757, South Korea Correspondence: Prof. Jung-Kap Choi, Lab. of Analytical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-Dong 300, Buk- Ku, Kwangju 500-757, South Korea (Phone: +8262-530-2930; Fax: +8262-530- 2911; E-mail: [email protected]) Abbreviations used: EBT, eriochrome black T Keywords: Electrophoresis / Eriochrome black T / Mass spectrometry / Protein silver staining 1 1 Supplementary Introduction In life sciences, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a reliable and widely used analytical technique for the separation and identification of proteins. Given the development of proteomics, the ability to analyze and identify protein in a gel matrix at high sensitivity is becoming more important [1,2]. Various protein staining methods have been developed based on visible organic dyes, fluorescent and silver based systems, and radiolabeling. Of these, organic dyes are easily used but have low sensitivities, with detection limits in the range of 1-50 ng for proteins [2,3]. Fluorescent staining methods are a little more sensitive than dye-based methods but for data reading, special instruments are necessary that involve UV. -
Chemistry Teaching Project in Asia, Newsletter, Volume 3, Number 1, August 1969
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 065 279 SE 013 335 TITLE UNESCO Chemistry Teaching Project in Asia, Newsletter, Volume 3, Number 1, August 1969. INSTITUTION United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). PUB DATE Aug 69 NOTE 40p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS Chemical Reactions; *Chemistry; Curriculum Development; *Educational Games; *Games; *Instructional Materials; International Education; Science Activities; *Secondary School Science IDENTIFIERS UNESCO ABSTRACT The "Chemistry Card Game" for teaching stoichiometry of inorganic precipitation and ionic complex reactions is described in the first article of this UNESCO newsletter. The game is played with 106 cards consisting of 19 kinds of cations, 14 kinds of anions, and one kind of molecules (NH3). Included are the instructions for making the cards, rules for p1aying, a list of reactions valid in the game: and a table of solubility products and instability constants. Instructions are provided for assembling a kit of chemicals for testing reactions other than those stated in the list of reactions, in trying to improve the effectiveness of using the cards. The remaining three articles describe an adaptation of an 0-Level Nuffield Chemistry Stage I experiment with oxygen, an experiment utilizing the displacement reaction between Ag2Cr04 and XI, and curriculum reform activities in Indonesia. (Pit) U.S. DEPARTMENT EDUCATION OF HEALTH, & WELFARE OFFICE OF THIS DOCUMENTEDUCATION DUCED EXACTLYHAS BEENREPRO. THE PERSON AS RECEIVED OR ORGANIZATIONFROM INATING IT. POINTS OF ORIG. IONS STATED VIEW OR OPIN. DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL CATION POSITION OFFICE OFEDU. OR POLICY. UNESCO ft O 1 4. 2 kb Th. Unosco Pro Oct for Chemistry Teaching in Asia Projct Directors L.E. -
Crystal Structure Transformations in Inorganic Sulfates, Phosphates, Perchlorates, and Chromates Based on the Literature up to 1974
A111D1 ^65756 NATL INST OF STANDARDS & TECH R. .C. All 101 985758 Rao C. N. R. (Chlnt/Crystal structure t 4 A50.R28 1975 C.1 NSRDS 1975 NSRDS % Of U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards " / ' ' N N SRD S Crystal Structure Transformations in Inorganic Sulfates, Phosphates, Perchlorates, and Chromates NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of 1 Standards was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation’s science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. iHE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation’s scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, the Office of Radiation Measurement and the following Center and divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical .Physics — Center for Radiation Research: Nuclear Sciences; Applied Radiation — Laboratory Astrophysics 2 — Cryogenics 2 — Electromagnetics 2 2 — Time and Frequency .