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Upgrade of the Princes Highway, Dignams Creek –Biodiversity Assessment

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Upgrade of the Princes Highway, Dignams Creek –Biodiversity Assessment Appendix K - Part C SKM (2013) Biodiversity Assessment Upgrade of the Princes Highway Dignams Creek Appendix K Review of Environmental Factors Upgrade of the Princes Highway, Dignams Creek –Biodiversity Assessment Appendix A Vegetation community descriptions Map Unit 1: Silvertop Ash - Stringybark Dry Open Forest General Description: This community occurs on exposed ridges and slopes of the study area. This community is dominated by the tree species Silvertop Ash (Eucalyptus sieberi) and Blue-leaved Stringybark (Eucalyptus agglomerata) with several other canopy species generally occurring in lower abundance. This includes White Stringybark (Eucalyptus globoidea), Rough-barked Apple (Angophora floribunda) and Mugga Ironbark (Eucalyptus tricarpa); however these species are co-dominant in some areas of this map unit. In places there is a sub-canopy of Black She-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis), in particular where there has been pas t disturbance from logging activities. The understorey is dominated by various shrubs and grasses. Dominant shrub species include Gorse Bitter-pea (Daviesia ulicifolia), Spiny Bossiaea (Bossiaea obcordata), Narrow-leaved Geebung (Persoonia linearis) and Shrubby Platysace (Platysace lanceolata). Dominant groundcover species include grasses Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis), Threeawn Speargrass (Aristida vagans), Blady Grass (Imperata cylindrica) and Wiry Panic (Entolasia stricta), and forb species Pomax (Pomax umbellata), Many-flowered Mat-rush (Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora) and Blue Bottle-daisy (Lagenophora stipitata). Dominant Canopy Species: Eucalyptus sieberi, Eucalyptus agglomerata (18-20 m) Small Tree Species: Allocasuarina littoralis 139 Upgrade of the Princes Highway, Dignams Creek –Biodiversity Assessment Dominant Shrub Species: Daviesia ulicifolia, Persoonia linearis, Platysace lanceolata, Podolobium ilicifolium, Acacia obtusifolia, Leucopogon lanceolatus, Bossiaea obcordata, Ozothamnus diosmifolius, Hibbertia aspera, Acacia terminalis, Correa reflexa Common Groundcover Species: Aristida vagans, Themeda australis, Imperata cylindrica, Dianella caerulea, Entolasia stricta, Joycea pallida, Lepidosperma laterale, Lomandra confertifolia subsp. similis, Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora, Lagenophora stipitata Equivalent Map Units: Regional: DSF e32A Deua-Brogo Foothills Dry Shrub Forest and DSF e32B Far South Coastal Foothills Dry Shrub Forest (Tozer et al. 2010) Biometric: Silvertop Ash - Blue-leaved Stringybark - Woollybutt shrubby open forest on coastal foothills central South East Corner State: South East Dry Sclerophyll Forest Conservation Status: Common vegetation community with >95% of the original extant (42,200 ha) of this community estimated to remain and well represented in conservation reserves with 60-70% (27,700 ha) of the original pre-European extant in conservation reserves (Tozer et al. 2010). 140 Upgrade of the Princes Highway, Dignams Creek –Biodiversity Assessment Map Unit 2: White Stringybark Forest General Description: This community occurs on less exposed slopes of the study area, in the areas in between the more exposed slopes of map unit 1 and sheltered gully areas of map unit 3. This community is dominated by White Stringybark (Eucalyptus globoidea), however canopy species from both Map Unit 1 and 3 ar e present in this community and are often co-dominant particularly Rough- barked Apple (Angophora floribunda) and Yellow Stringybark (Eucalyptus muelleriana). In places there is an open to dense sub-canopy of Black She-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis), in particular where there has been past disturbance from logging activities. In areas Broad-leaved Hickory (Acacia falciformis), Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum) and Acacia irrorata also forms part of the subcanopy of this map unit. This understorey supports a mix of shrubs and groundcovers many of which occur in Map Unit 1 and 3. Dominant shrub species include Coffee Bush (Breynia oblongifolia), Wild Yellow Jasmine (Pittosporum revolutum), Narrow-leaved Geebung (Persoonia linearis), Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus, Shrubby Platysace (Platysace lanceolata) and Rough Guinea Flower (Hibbertia aspera). Dominant groundcovers include Weeping Grass (Microlaena stipoides), Bordered Panic (Entolasia marginata), Stinking Pennywort (Hydrocotyle laxiflora) and Kidney Weed (Dichondra repens). Dominant Canopy Species: Eucalyptus globoidea, Angophora floribunda, Eucalyptus botryoides x saligna, Eucalyptus muelleriana, Eucalyptus cypellocarpa, Eucalyptus bosistoana (20-25 m) Small Tree Species: Allocasuarina littoralis, Acacia falciformis, Acacia irrorata Pittosporum undulatum 141 Upgrade of the Princes Highway, Dignams Creek –Biodiversity Assessment Dominant Shrub Species: Breynia oblongifolia, Pittosporum revolutum, Persoonia linearis, Leucopogon lanceolatus var. Lanceolatus, Platysace lanceolata, Hibbertia aspera, Cassinia trinervia, Pomaderris aspera, Notelaea venosa, Polyscias sambucifolia i. Common Groundcover Species: Microlaena stipoides, Oplismenus aemulus, Entolasia marginata, Poa ensiformis, Hydrocotyle laxiflora, Dichondra repens, Schelhammera undulata, Gahnia melanocarpa Common Climber Species: Marsdenia rostrata, Pandorea pandorana, Calystegia marginata, Clematis glycinoides Equivalent Map Units: Regional: WSF e34: Southeast Coastal Gully Shrub Forest (Tozer et al. 2010) Biometric: Coast Grey Box - Mountain Grey Gum - Stringybark moist shrubby open forest in coastal gullies, southern South East Corner State: South Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests (Keith 2006) Conservation Status: A relatively common vegetation community with >85% of the original extant (22,800 ha) of this community estimated to remain and relatively well represented in conservation reserves with 25-35% (6,900 ha) of the original pre-European extant estimated to occur in conservation reserves (Tozer et al. 2010). 142 Upgrade of the Princes Highway, Dignams Creek –Biodiversity Assessment Map Unit 3: Bangalay/Blue Gum Sheltered Forest General Description: This map unit occurs in sheltered gullies and s lopes of the study area. This community is dominated by a mix of canopy species with Bangalay/Blue Gum (Eucalyptus botryoides x saligna) being consistently present. Other dominant species comprise Yellow Stringybark (Eucalyptus muelleriana), Rough-barked Apple (Angophora floribunda), Monkey Gum (Eucalyptus cypellocarpa), White Stringybark (Eucalyptus globoidea) and River Peppermint (Eucalyptus elata). Some areas of this community have an open s ub-canopy of small tree species including Grey Myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia), Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), Scentless Rosewood (Synoum glandulosum) and B lueberry Ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus). The understorey is dominated by a mix of mesic shrubs and groundcovers. Dominant species include: shrubs such as Tree Violet (Melicytus dentatus), Hazel Pomaderris (Pomaderris aspera) and Cassinia trinervia; fern species such as Soft Bracken (Calochlaena dubia), Prickly Rasp-fern (Doodia aspera), Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum) and R ough Tree-fern (Cyathea australis); grasses and forbs such as Basket Grass (Oplismenus aemulus), Margined Panic (Entolasia marginata), Purple-sheathed Tussock-grass (Poa ensiformis), Stinking Pennywort (Hydrocotyle laxiflora) and Lilac Lily (Schelhammera undulata); and nu merous vine species including Water Vine (Cissus antarctica), Common Milk Vine (Marsdenia rostrata) and Morinda (Morinda jasminoides). Dominant Canopy Species: Eucalyptus botryoides x saligna, Eucalyptus muelleriana, Angophora floribunda, Eucalyptus cypellocarpa, Eucalyptus elata, Eucalyptus globoidea (20-25 m) 143 Upgrade of the Princes Highway, Dignams Creek –Biodiversity Assessment Small Tree Species: Backhousia myrtifolia, Synoum glandulosum, Elaeocarpus reticulatus, Pittosporum undulatum, Cyathea australis Dominant Shrub Species: Cassinia trinervia, Melicytus dentatus, Pomaderris aspera, Notelaea venosa, Ozothamnus argophyllus, Calochlaena dubia Common Groundcover Species: Oplismenus aemulus, Entolasia marginata, Poa ensiformis, Hydrocotyle laxiflora, Schelhammera undulata, Doodia aspera, Blechnum cartilagineum, Gahnia melanocarpa, Lomandra longifolia, Oplismenus imbecillis Common Climber Species: Cissus antarctica, Marsdenia rostrata, Morinda jasminoides Equivalent Map Units: Regional: WSF n183: South Coast Hinterland Wet Forest (Tozer et al. 2010) Biometric: Mountain Grey Gum - Yellow Stringybark moist shrubby open forest in gullies of the coastal ranges, northern South East Corner State: South Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests (Keith 2006) Conservation Status: Common vegetation community with >95% of the original extant (69,400 ha) of this community estimated to remain and relatively well represented in conservation reserves with 40-50% (30,300 ha) of the original pre-European extant estimated to occur in conservation reserves (Tozer et al. 2010). 144 Upgrade of the Princes Highway, Dignams Creek –Biodiversity Assessment Map Unit 4: River Peppermint - Rough-barked Apple moist shrubby forest General Description: This map unit occurs on a steep sheltered slope above Dignams Creek at the north-eastern end of the study area. This community is dominated by River Peppermint (Eucalyptus elata) and Rough-barked Apple (Angophora floribunda). This community has a relatively dense subcanopy including Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), Mock Olive (Notelaea venosa) and Brush Muttonwood (Myrsine howittiana). The majority of this community in the study area is in a low-moderate condition,
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