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23–28 Charterhouse Square London EC1 23–28 Charterhouse Square London EC1 London Borough of Islington Historic environment assessment June 2015 © Museum of London Archaeology 2015 Museum of London Archaeology Mortimer Wheeler House 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London N1 7ED tel 020 7410 2200 | fax 020 410 2201 www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk general enquiries: [email protected] 23–28 Charterhouse Square London EC1 Historic environment assessment NGR 5319089 181870 Sign-off history issue issue date prepared by reviewed by approved by reason for issue no. 1 19/03/2015 Paul Riggott Jon Chandler Leonie Pett First issue (Archaeology) Lead Consultant Contract Manager Juan Jose Fuldain Archaeology (Graphics) 2 01/06/2015 Paul Riggott Leonie Pett Revised basement (Archaeology) Contract Manager proposals Juan Jose Fuldain (Graphics) PO code: P0510ASA www.mola.org.uk MOLA Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London N1 7ED tel 0207 410 2200 fax 0207 410 2201 email:[email protected] Museum of London Archaeology is a company limited by guarantee Registered in England and Wales Company registration number 07751831 Charity registration number 1143574 Registered office Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London N1 7ED Contents Executive summary 1 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Origin and scope of the report 2 1.2 Designated heritage assets 2 1.3 Aims and objectives 3 2 Methodology and sources consulted 4 3 Site location, topography and geology 6 3.1 Site location 6 3.2 Topography 6 3.3 Geology 6 4 Archaeological and historical background 7 4.1 Overview of past investigations 7 4.2 Chronological summary 7 5 Statement of significance 13 5.1 Introduction 13 5.2 Factors affecting archaeological survival 13 5.3 Archaeological potential and significance 13 6 Impact of proposals 15 6.1 Proposals 15 6.2 Implications 15 7 Conclusion and recommendations 16 8 Gazetteer of known historic environment assets 17 9 Planning framework 25 9.1 Statutory protection 25 9.2 National Planning Policy Framework 25 9.3 Greater London regional policy 27 9.4 Local planning policy 28 10 Determining significance 31 11 Non-archaeological constraints 32 12 Glossary 33 13 Bibliography 35 13.1 Published and documentary sources 35 13.2 Other Sources 35 13.3 Cartographic sources 36 13.4 Available site survey information checklist 37 Historic Environment Assessment © MOLA 2015 i P:\ISLI\1266\na\Assessments\Charterhouse_Square_HEA_01-06-2015.docx Figures Cover: 23–28 Charterhouse Square Fig 1 Site location Fig 2 Historic environment features map Fig 3 Conjectured plan of the Charterhouse precinct, c 1400 (Barber and Thomas 2002, Fig 17; after Knowles and Grimes 1954) Fig 4 Agas’s map of 1562 Fig 5 Daynes plan of property surrounding Charterhouse Churchyard of 1651 (London Metropolitan Archive ACC/1876/MP/01/123/A) Fig 6 Plan of Charterhouse Square and premises of adjoining proprietors of 1718 (London Metropolitan Archive ACC/1876/MP/01/124) Fig 7 Horwood’s map of 1799 Fig 8 Plan of the parish of St Sepulchre, Middlesex of 1839 (London Metropolitan Archive HFCS/PR/009) Fig 9 Plan showing the proposed continuation of Charterhouse Street into Charterhouse Square of 1870 (London Metropolitan Archive ACC/1876/MP/01/151) Fig 10 Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25”:mile map of 1873 Fig 11 Ordnance Survey 2nd edition 25”:mile map of 1896 Fig 12 Goad Fire Insurance map of 1947 (London Metropolitan Archive LCC/VA/GOAD/II) Fig 13 Ordnance Survey 2nd edition 1:1250 scale map of 1953 Fig 14 Existing ground floor plan (Plowman Craven, dwg 31893-001F-02, rev A prov 1, 24/02/15) Fig 15 Existing basement plan (Plowman Craven, dwg 31893-001F-01, rev A prov 1, 24/02/15) Fig 16 23–28 Charterhouse Square, looking south-west along Charterhouse Street, with the Grade II* listed East Building of Smithfield Market in the background (MOLA photo, taken 11/03/15) Fig 17 23–28 Charterhouse Square, looking south-west, with the area of the burial ground in Charterhouse Square in the foreground (MOLA photo, taken 11/03/15) Fig 18 Proposed ground floor plan (Waterman, New Build Core Option, Ground floor proposed works, 26/02/15) Fig 19 Proposed basement plan showing areas of ground disturbance (Waterman, Revised Basement Works, New Proposed Basement Works, May 2015) Note: site outlines may appear differently on some figures owing to distortions in historic maps. North is approximate on early maps. Historic Environment Assessment © MOLA 2015 ii P:\ISLI\1266\na\Assessments\Charterhouse_Square_HEA_01-06-2015.docx Executive summary Helical has commissioned MOLA to carry out a historic environment assessment in advance of proposed development at 23–28 Charterhouse Square in the London Borough of Islington. The scheme comprises the refurbishment of the existing 1980s building on the site. As part of the refurbishment new pad foundations would be constructed in the basement in five areas. These pad foundations may also require mini-piles. This desk-based study assesses the impact on buried heritage assets (archaeological remains). Although above ground heritage assets (historic structures) are not discussed in detail, they have been noted where they assist in the archaeological interpretation of the site. Buried heritage assets that may be affected by the proposals comprise: • Later medieval burials. A large number of human remains without coffins were uncovered on the site during construction in the 1880s. These were thought to be associated with a plague pit adjacent to the Charterhouse medieval monastery cemetery. Whilst it is likely that all human remains were removed and exhumed within the site, this is not certain. Human remains, if present, would be of high heritage significance. Disarticulated bone would be of low or medium significance. • Later medieval Charterhouse precinct wall. The site lay in the south-western part of the Charterhouse monastic precinct and the stone boundary wall possibly crossed the south- western edge of the site. Although the wall was removed by later development, its truncated footings, cut into the underlying geology, potentially survive intact beneath the existing basement between deeper foundations. There is moderate potential for footings of the wall, of medium or high significance. • Post-medieval remains. The site was developed by at least the mid 17th century. There is a moderate potential for footings of buildings, cellars, pits and wells, of low significance. The existing 1980s building has a basement across the whole building footprint. Excavations for the basement will have entirely removed or severely truncated any archaeological remains present, although cut features potentially survive intact, between deeper (presumably piled) foundations. The proposed impact is relatively small in area. Breaking out of the existing foundation/floor slab in the five areas proposed for new foundations would potentially have an impact, truncating or removing entirely any archaeological remains directly beneath the slab. This might include deeply cut features such as later medieval wells or pits. Standard pad foundations would entail the removal of any archaeological remains locally within the footprint of each excavated pad to a typical depth of 1.0–1.5m. Any archaeological remains within the footprint of each mini-pile would be removed. Although the proposed ground disturbance is small and localised, there is potential for human remains to be present, along with later medieval and post-medieval remains. The site is also located within an archaeological priority zone. In light of this, archaeological trial pit evaluation is recommended in the areas of impact to assess the presence, nature and significance of any archaeological remains. This could be combined with any geotechnical pits dug for engineering purposes. The results would allow an appropriate mitigation strategy to be drawn up for the preservation by record of any significant archaeological assets. This might comprise archaeological investigation in advance of construction within each of the areas of proposed disturbance. Alternatively, the preliminary investigations may indicate that no further work is necessary. Any archaeological work would need to be undertaken in accordance with an approved Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) and could be carried out under the terms of a standard archaeological planning condition set out under the granting of planning consent. The exhumation of human remains would require a burial licence from the Ministry of Justice, or alternatively, if the ground is consecrated under the Church of England (this seems unlikely), Faculty consent would be required from the Diocese. Historic Environment Assessment © MOLA 2015 1 P:\ISLI\1266\na\Assessments\Charterhouse_Square_HEA_01-06-2015.docx 1 Introduction 1.1 Origin and scope of the report 1.1.1 Helical has commissioned MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) to carry out a historic environment assessment in advance of proposed development at 23–28 Charterhouse Square (National Grid Reference 5319089 181870: Fig 1). The scheme comprises the refurbishment of the existing 1980s building on the site. As part of the refurbishment new pad foundations would be constructed in the basement in five areas. These pad foundations may also require mini-piles. 1.1.2 This desk-based study assesses the impact of the scheme on buried heritage assets (archaeological remains). It forms an initial stage of investigation of the area of proposed development (hereafter referred to as the ‘site’) and may be required in relation to the planning process in order that the local planning authority (LPA) can formulate an appropriate response in the light of the impact upon any known or possible heritage assets. These are parts of the historic environment which are considered to be significant because of their historic, evidential, aesthetic and/or communal interest. 1.1.3 This report deals solely with the archaeological implications of the development and does not cover possible built heritage issues, except where buried parts of historic fabric are likely to be affected.
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