VOLUME V II, NO, 48, |WHOLE NO. 253J NEW YORK, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1934 ------PRICE 3 CENTS LAUNCH WORKERS PARTY OF U.S.

Spartacus Youth Meets Workers Party Facts Third Convention of The National Convention of Workers O f Temporary National Head­ the Spartacus Youth League is quarters of the Workers Party C L.A . and A .W .P. In now in session at Stuyvesant Casino, New York City. Discus­ o f the U nited States: 112 East sions have revealed unanimous N.Y. Rally To 19th Street, N. Y. C. Phone AL- League Draws Balance sentiment for the constitution of gonquin 4-9058. Fusion Convention of the Spartacus League as the Support Party National Secretary: A. J. youth movement of the Workers Muste. Sheet of Six Years Party of the United States, poli­ tically subordinate to and organ­ The first mass meeting held by Official Organs: The New U.S. Revolutionaries izationally independent of the the Workers Party drew twelve M ilita n t (w eekly) 144 Second Bringing the Third National Convention to an end, the delegates adult revolutionary party. hundred workers as, winding up a Avenue, N. Y. C., Phone Gram- The Workers Party of the United States has been formed! of branches of the Communist: League of America, from coast to coast, A. J. Muste, National Secre­ week of conventions, the Party Amidst scenes of wildest enthusiasm, the unity convention of the and a packed visitors gallery of members of the New York branch, sang ercy 5-9524; The New Interna­ tary of the W.P., addressed the made its first public appearance at American Workers Party and the Communist League of America com­ with a solemnity arising out of deep conviction the classic chorus: tio n a l (m o n th ly), P. O. Box 119, convention Tuesday on behalf of Germania Hall Sunday night. pleted its historic task Sunday afternoon in Stuyvesant Casino, New “The International Soviet shall be the huiran race.” the National Committee. Max Addressing the largest group of Station D, N. Y. C. These ad­ York City. Out of its labors and deliberations has nr is tbi the only Comrade Max Shachtman announced the adjournment of the Third Shachtman, a pioneer leader of workers brought together by a po­ dresses hold until further notice. revolutionary party in the country. and last national convention of the C.L.A. There penetrated everyone the Young Workers League litical program in recent years out­ The full text of the declara­ On the ratification by unanimous vote of the fusion agreement, present a profound realization that a period had ended and a new one which first established the Com­ side the reformist and Stalinist tion of principles and the con­ comrades James P. Cannon of the C.L.A. and A. J. Muste of the A.W.P. begun. The Convention had unanimously voted to disband the C.L.A. munist youth movement in Am­ ranks, representative leaders re­ stitution of the Workers Party announced' for the two organizations that henceforth they owed alle­ by merging it with the American Workers Party in the Workers Party erica, addressed the convention flected in their appearance and ad­ of the United States appear on giance to the Workers Party of the U. S. and to no other organization. of the United States. on behalf of the outgoing Na­ dresses a cross section of the pro­ pages two and three of this is­ The entire audience was on its feet and the strains of the International Six years of successful activity as a propagandist group came to an tional Committee of the C.L.A. letarian foundations of the Work­ sue. They w ill be available in shook the rafters. The historic work was completed! Next week’s issue w ill contain a ers P arty. end. The balance sheet was written : pamphlet form at low cost Minneapolis and Toledo, exemplifying the new militancy of the full report of the convention. Insurgent leader of the coal min­ The ideas of Marx and Lenin, the spirit of proletarian international­ within a few days. American working class, were the stars that presided over its birth. ers for two decades, founder of the ism, the theory of the permanent i; Under the most favorable auspices, West Virginia Mine Workers Union, revolution, had been kept alive and the new party launches into its leader of the famed Logan County vital in the U. S. by the League. tremendous undertaking: the over­ march of twenty thousand armed Cadres had been built, armed with throw of capitalist rule in America, Party M ap s Canada W .P . miners across three counties in O ld G uard the intellectual weapons that alone, W .P . To Back and the creation of a workers’ state. when combined with organized pro­ 1921, w hich was stopped only- by the Federal troops, Brant Scott A. J. Muste w ill be the national letarian masses, can bring capital­ secretary of the new party. J. P. ism to an end and introduce the Big Drive To G reets N ew blazed away at the labor lieuten­ Threatens S.P. Left Wing In ants of the capitalist class and de­ Cannon w ill be editor of the official communist order of society. The weekly, the New Militant, with clared that only the Workers Party groundwork had been laid1 for the Harry Howe as associate editor. country’s sole revolutionary prole­ Rally Jobless Party’s Birth could smash the John Lewises and W ith S p lit build the fortresses of the working Trade Unions The theoretical organ, the New In­ tarian party—the Workers Party of ternational, w ill be under the edi­ class. the United States, a current in the The Commission on Unemploy­ The Workers Party of Canada, Boston, Mass.—At the very mo­ Formation of a progressive move­ torship of Max Shachtman and international movement sweeping Trade Unionists Speak ment of the Workers Party Conven­ formed about a year ago by the ment when American Workers feel ment in the trade unions and the an ex-A.W.P. member. Eleven com­ toward the foundation of a new, Vincent R. Dunne, one of the tion, with Anthony Ramuglia, pres­ Canadian section of the Interna­ the inspiring effects of the merger selection of concentration points in rades of the A. W. P. and eleven the Fourth International. three brothers all of whom were ident of the National Unemployed tional Communist League, is a of the A.W.P. and C.L.A. to estab­ industry were the two main points from the C.L.A. w ill comprise the The Third Convention reported League presiding, took up a num­ vigorous and healthy youngster, ac­ leaders of the Minneapolis drivers in their victorious strikes earlier lish the new revolutionary Workers of a program of action in the trade national executive, from which w ill substantial gains over the Second ber of problems connected’ w ith the cording to the report given by com­ Party of the U. S., the Socialist unions, adopted by a special con­ be chosen the political bureau of League Convention held' in October relation of the Workers Party to rade MacDonald, fraternal delegate this year, told of the rising pro­ gressive movement in the labor Party enters a new stage in the ference of trade unionist delegates 10 members. Louis Budenz and 1031 in New Y ork C ity. Three the N.U.L. and the tactics to be of the Workers Party to the Com­ unions throughout the Minnesota development of the crisis which and adopted unanimously by the Arne Swabeck w ill be the national years ago the Communist League used in building and extending the munist League convention. Com­ has been threatening it for several Unity Convention. organizers. (Opposition) was a skeleton or­ influence of the movement. rade MacDonald, as well as com­ district, and the role the Workers Party must play to bring together years. All genuine left-wing and pro These, and other important or­ ganization with branches in only a A decision was taken to recognize rade Spector, another Canadian Hard' on the heels of the hailing gressive elements throughout the ganizational agreements were few major cities. The report of the National Unemployed League as delegate, is a veteran in the radical the shattered left wing in the Am­ erican Federation of Labor as an by the G itlo w group o f the S. P. as country who w ill agree to work on reached in the opening session, the national secretary, Arne Swa- the largest and most effective or­ labor movement. Both were foun­ “the party of revolutionary unity”, essential step in preparing the the basis of the trade union policy which moved with Bolshevik effi­ beck rewaled that the membership ganization in that vast and' rela­ dation members of the Communist comes the announcement that the outlined in the Declaration of ciency and dispatch. Sleepless del­ had been doubled and that there tively untapped field, and to place Party of Canada and delegates to overthrow of capitalism. The Toledo auto workers’ strike meeting held here this week by the Principles w ill be approached and egates, without rest from the all- existed 21 branches in the major the Workers Party in fu ll support the 4th and 6th World Congresses national executive of the S. P., the invited to collaborate in the task of night sessions of their respective industrial centers from the Atlantic of the N.U.L., working vigorously of the Comintern. of last summer was represented by Ted Selander and Sam Pollack. right-wingers (“Old Guard”) of­ establishing a progressive move­ organizations, shook off their wear­ to the Pacific. These branches were for its extension. In an interview with the M ilitant, fered the “M ilitant” majority now ment. iness to speed the foundations for represented by forty-three dele­ Real and inclusive unity of the comrade MacDonald reported that Leaders of the Lucas County Un­ employed League, they smashed in control the alternatives of The Workers Party w ill establish- the new party. gates. Four delegates from four various unemployed organizations the membership of the Workers swinging back to pure reformism the injunction against picketing, at the national center of the party The speeches were short and to mid-western cities were unable to was judged impossible of achieve­ P a rty o f Canada is now 250. The from their newly adopted centrist organized and led the mass picket a trade union department in charge the point. be present because of financial dif­ ment at the present time, mainly principal branches are located in lines in a series of bloody battles platform, or a split in the party. of a secretary, and take measures “We are not repudiating our ficulties. Six fraternal delegates because of the attitude of reform­ the large cities, Montreal, Toronto, against the National Guard, and so One of the main points on the to have every party member who is pasts, rather we are looking to­ came from the Workers Party of ist elements (especially of the S.P.) Hamilton, Winnipeg and Vancou­ aroused the labor movement that, agenda of the present meeting of eligible, to join a trade union and wards the future,” A. J. Muste said Canada. in organizations more or less con­ ver. Toronto, the capital of Cana­ faced by threats of a general strike, the 8. P. leaders was the question organize into trade union fractions. in opening the session. A large proportion of the dele­ trolled by them from the top. The da, is also the center of the new of a united front with the C. P. the bosses surrendered. The trade union department w ill An ovation greeted Vincent gates had been in the C.L.A. since National Unemployed League looks party and the seat of its national A C. P. delegation led by Hatha­ The need to Include in the ranks cooperate with other organizations Dunne, one of the leaders of the its Inception, others had been in forward to and w ill work for the executive. The branch in Toronto of the revolutionary working class way, Ford and other Stalinist bu­ to constitute as soon as possible a strike of the Minneapolis truck- the Communist Party many years genuine unity of the unemployed has about 90 members. movement the decisive sections reaucrats appeared to beg for a broad committee composed of pro­ drivers, and chairman of the open­ before they joined the League. S till within a single national organiza­ Most of the members of the new chance to sit down around a table of the twelve m illion Negro masses minent progressive and left wing in g session. others had come from various sec­ tion, but Federations of scattered party have come out of the Commu­ with those whom they yesterday was brought to the fore by three trade unionists, which w ill sponsor “In view of the immediate work tions and tendencies^ of the labor organizations bureaucratically con­ nist Party of Canada and the Y.C.L. leading Negro delegates. They called the working class’s worst publicly the establishment of a pro­ that lies before us, and the heavy movement. The composition of the trolled by its top leadership such as The W. P. is steadily growing in enemies. The S. P. militant ma­ were Ernest Rice McKinney, mem­ gressive trade union committee on responsibility we have assumed: delegates was overwhelmingly pro­ have been proposed' by the Socialist size, in the scope of its activities, jority, toying with the idea of a ber of the National Committee of a national scale. For this purpose, namely, the organizing of the work­ letarian, many being deeply rooted Party is not only unacceptable as and in its influence among the the Workers Party, national vice- united front based on a non-aggres­ the trade union department w ill ing class on a m ilitant basis, for the in the trade union movement unity, but also unacceptable as a class-conscious workers throughout sion pact and a program of passivi­ president of the Unemployed contact and confer with existing overthrow of capitalist rule,” Second of the achievements re­ united front. Until this object is the provinces. League, and spokesman of the Ne­ ty and noise, did not dare to re­ progressive groups to bring them Dunne said, "we may dispense with corded at the convention was the achieved, therefore, the Workers The M ilitant, comrade MacDon­ ceive the Stalinist delegation be­ gro workers of Pittsburgh; James into the proposed national move­ speechmaking.” maintenance of the M ilitant as a Party w ill aid in the building of ald stated, performed an indispens­ Watson, head of the International cause of the objections of the Old ment. weekly paper. In six years the the N .U .L. able service in rallying and edu­ Fusion Endorsed Labor Defense in Philadelphia un­ Guard. The special concentration points M ilitant had gained the respect of Workers Party tactics and prin­ cating the initia l cadres of the new With this as the keynote, the til his recent break with Stalinism: Old Guard Delivers Ultimatum were chosen for work in the next the entire revolutionary movement ciples in its unemployed work fol­ party in its earlier days. The session moved swiftly. In a short and Simon Williamson, delegate The Old Guard prefers its noise few months. For the Workers Party of the world for its honesty, its low closely the tactics applied in Workers Party today, however, has space of time, and despite the ut­ from Kansas City. and passivity in close relations as a whole the two points of con­ Clean methods and above all for the past by the American Workers two papers of its own, the Van­ most liberty allowed in discussion Unemployed Leaders Speak with the top bureaucracy of the centration chosen were the section the clarity and correctness of its Party and the Communist League guard, published monthly, and the of all matters not previously settled The transformation of the unem­ A. F. of L. and feels that it may of the textile industry located in of America and which have proved Workers’ Voice, a foreign language by the separate conventions, the policies. ployed from potential scabs into the not be able to d'o th is i f the C.P.- New Jersey and eastern Pennsyl­ The New International is the their correctness and effectiveness. paper of the Ukrainian workers. convention heard' and approved the (Continued on Page 4) S.P. united front is. consummated. vania, and the automobile industry third stone in this mosaic of ac­ There is to be no mechanical con­ The circulation of the Vanguard is appointments of committees, elect­ in the district centering around ed the important organization, complishments. Although still very trol of unemployed organizations on about 1,200, th a t o f the U kra inia n Detroit, Toledo and Cleveland. Two paper 500 copies. The Ukrainian trade union and unemployment young, it has already made a name the part of the Workers Party. other points of concentration sing­ The Workers Party maintains workers have also published a committees, and passed upon the for itself as the outstanding theor­ led out for special attention by the etical review in the revolutionary that the unemployed must be or­ number of pamphlets, among them Minneapolis Bosses Plot organizational agreement reached party’s forces already located in ganized on a non-partisan basis and several by Trotsky. between the executive committees labor movement. those fields are the Minneapolis- w ill fight to keep them on such a The New International has al­ of the A.W.P. and the Communist The Minneapolis strike, symbol­ St. Paul center comprising Duluth, izing the truth that sound theory basis whether the Party finds itself ready made a remarkably favorable Frame-Up of 574 Leaders League. Superior, Fargo, etc., and the coal in the leadership or in. a minority. impression. Not on the Canadian A t the second' session, Sam Pol­ merged with sound practice can mining industry in Illinois, Pen­ bring victory to the working class, Unemployed organizations are to authorities, however, who have lack, active in the unemployed Minneapolis, Minn.—Seventy trade neapolis Tribune. The police claim nsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia. stood out among the achievements use mass-pressure and m ilitant ac­ banned' the magazine along with movement in Ohio and Illinois, and unions have united in a defense a confession from Scott to the The coal district is especially im­ tivities of all types as opposed to other revolutionary literature. one of the leaders in the Toledo of the League. committee to give organized labor’s murder of Lyman. The crudity of portant because good contacts are The League convention was no class-collaboration policies. Mem­ The organized workers of Cana­ Auto-Lite strike, presided. He, too, m ilitant answer to a frame-up cam­ police attempts to frame members already available on a considerable solid monolith artificially held to­ bers of the Workers Party in the da are divided among A. F. of L. was warmly received by the dele­ paign launched by the Citizens Al­ of Local 574 is illu s tra te d by the scale. gates. gether by a bureaucratic whip, Leagues are to work ceaselessly to craft unions, Canadian national manner in which this latest arrest liance through its class instrument, For the founding of the progres­ The second session passed upon but a genuine Communist gather­ raise the political level of the un­ unions (French-speaking popula­ was made. The same detective, the municipal police headed by sive movement in the trade unions, the constitution of the new party ing. It had been preceded by three employed, explaining the social and tion in Quebec), and the Stalinist Joe Burns, who swore out the war­ Bloody Johannes. The frame-up the Workers Party w ill begin im­ as proposed by the joint negotiating months of free, untrammeled dis­ economic implications of unemploy­ “Workers Unity League”. The A. rant for Holstein, tricked the lat­ campaign, directed prim arily mediately a campaign of education, committee, with a few amendments cussion in branch meetings and ment and focusing attention on the F. of L. has approxim ately 100,000 est victim into a drinking jag, against the leaders of General discussion and publicity. The con­ from the floor. It also sanctioned internal bulletins. Minorities were problem of unemployment itself; members, the national unions 40,- threw him into jail, and wormed a D rivers Local 574, has as its object vention authorized the Party to the party-building report brought accorded every democratic right exposing the role of the state by 000, the C atholic unions about 25,- “confession” out of him designed to the terrorization of the whole local take immediately the steps neces in by Max Shachtman, the trade provided in the constitution and its day by day activities; pointing 000, and the S ta lin is t unions 15,000. implicate union men. But the Scott trade union movement. sary, such as assignment of organ­ union report read' by Arne Swabeck, given proportional representation out the identity of interests of the The chief influence of the Stalin­ arrest, which itself exposes the Several weeks ago an attempt to izers, setting up of trade union and the report on work in the field at the convention. The debates and unemployed and employed workers; ists is among the lumber workers, Holstein arrest as a frame-up, re­ frame Harry Hussman, organizer fractions, etc., which w ill build th< of the unemployed, presented by discussions at tha conference, often breaking down racial antagonisms; the dressmakers in Toronto (about veals itself also to be a frame-up. sharp but always comradely, were preparing the unemployed against 2,000), the miners in Alberta, and of the Machinists Union, and to de­ party and be its own contributior Anthony Ramuglia, national presi­ many-sided and thorough. fascist tendencies; recruiting from the shoe workers in Ontario. port him, was smashed. Now, how­ Scott is a mentally deficient to the founding of the long-needed dent of the National Unemployed The convention was absorbed the ranks of the unemployed its Inasmuch as they dominate the ever, the Citizens Alliance is trying youth, who was kept in a special progressive movement in the trade Leagues. with two major questions. The most advanced1 and m ilitant work­ trades they have organized, it is a bolder step. They are at the class under a doctor’s care while unions. Resolutions were passed in sup­ discussions centered on the report ers for membership in the Workers very doubtful that the Stalinists heart of a plot to hang on leaders at school, according to his mother. port of Tom Mooney, and on behalf by comrade James P. Cannon on P a rty. w ill liquidate their unions in Can­ o f Local 574 responsibility fo r the He is a dupe of the police; but m v Tills Issue is Last of Happy Holstein, whom the hang­ the international question, prim ari­ The co-operation of unemployed ada as they recently did in several death during the May drivers strike fortunately for them, while he ad­ of “The Militant" men of the Citizens Alliance in mits everything they ask him" to ly the recent Plenum of the Inter­ and employed on the picket lines, notable instances in the U. S. of Arthur Lyman, a capitalist who This is the last issue of the Minneapolis are trying to frame on agree to, everything that he says is national Communist League to anti-injunction battles, etc., already The Stalinist party is still illegal played at being a strike-breaking Militant which, for six years as- a murder charge. A resolution actually in direct contradiction to which he was a delegate and the symbolized by the Toledo and Min­ in Canada and its chief leader, Tim deputy sheriff. the weekly organ of the Communist also endorsed the proposal of the all previous testimony. He an­ so-called “French question”. The neapolis strikes and' a hundred Buck, has just been released after Happy Holstein, Chippewa Indian League of America, kept alive in Provisional Committee for Non- swers questions to the satisfaction other report was by comrade Max others, w ill be intensified. Decision having been three years in ja il on and' truck driver who was a leading the haze of confusion brought upon Partisan Labor Defense, for the of the police—but also to the satis­ Shachtman on the question of fu­ was reached at a joint conference charges of criminal conspiracy figure in the Strike Committee of the vanguard of the American creation of a permanent labor de­ faction of everyone else who ques­ sion with the American Workers of unemployed and trade union against the Canadian government. 100 both in May and Ju ly, is now working class by Stalinism, the fense organization. The text of the tions him . Party. International and Ameri­ workers to establish Industrial Re­ The Stalinist party has been vir­ out on bail after being arrested for clear flame of Marxist and Leninist reports and resolutions w ill be can, two sides of our struggle, these lations Committees wherever pos­ tually out-lawed under Section 99 the murder of Lyman. In addition, In spite of the Scott “confes­ ideas. found elsewhere in this issue. questions were indissolubly con­ sible. These committees are to o f the Dom inion’s C rim ina l Code, a a stool-pigeon has been found who sion”, the case against Happy Hol­ W ith the founding of the Workers Here ended the main business of nected. serve as a permanent link between Canadian version of the Criminal is trying to involve unnamed lead­ stein has not been dismissed. Party of the United States, the the convention. Fraternal greeting* Comrade Cannon reported on the the employed and the unemployed Syndicalism laws. At the time the ers o f 574. Happy Holstein was arrested and Militant gives way to the New were extended' to the convention ly events in the revolutionary move­ to preserve civil rights, to promote government proceeded against the The latest and third victim in held for two weeks without charges M ilitant, the official organ of the Maurice Spector and Jack Mac­ ment since the triumph of Hitleb; the general economic interests of C. P., the Bolshevik-Leninlsts had the hands of the police is a 19 year and released on Saturday, Novem­ country’* only revolutionary party Donald, representing the Workers the declaration for the Fourth In­ the workers and to insure united not yet organized a political party. old boy, Philip Scott, who was ber 17, through habeus corpus pro­ A ll readers of the M ilitant w ill con­ Party of Canada. ternational, the Pact of Four, the resistance to the onslaughts of the Unless Section 98 is repealed as a picked up through a “very clever ceedings. The police department tinue to receive the new paper. The meeting closed with tho 'Continued on Page 4) bosses and politicians. (Continued on Page 4) police trap”, according to the Min­ (Continued on Page 3) W orker*, read the New M ilitant!} ringing of the International. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8. 1934 PAGE 2 TH E M U T A N T Party to Act W orkers Party of the U.S. -- Declaration of Principles ary principle, the Stalinist bureaucracy of the C.P. O n Defense The American Workers Party and the Communist race, the colonial and semi-colonial peoples of the the party; its decisions are binding on all members. Every member is obligated to observe discipline in S.U. which mechanically dominates the Third Inter­ League of America have united on the basis of the American Empire—these are the allies of the Ameri­ action. The administration of the party is central­ national and its sections, has everywhere followed The founding convention of the following Declaration of Principles to form the can workers fighting a common foe. It is only in the Workers Party unanimously adopt­ ized. Lower units are subordinate to the higher a centrist zigzag policy, which in the U. S., for Workers Party of the U.S.A. social revolution that all groups of workers and pro­ ed three resolutions on defense ducers, all the oppressed sections of the population, units. The National Committee as the representative example, has ranged from opportunistic efforts to questions, including one endorsing THE DECLINE OF CAPITALISM can find deliverance from insecurity, want and ty­ of the entire organization, elected at the Convention, cooperate in the formation of the LaFollette “Third the idea of setting up a broad, m il­ has fu ll authority to act for the party and to enforce Party” of middle-class radicalism to partisan ex­ Capitalism in the stage of decline and decay as a ranny. itant labor defense organiza­ world system, subjects the masses everywhere to in­ discipline of subordinate units. Party members clusiveness and ultra-leftism . tion. It is interesting to note a security, misery, Fascist terrorism and war. The THE CAPITALIST STATE AND DEMOCRACY working in non-party organizations are subject to No semblance of party democracy obtains in the leading comrade of the W. P., present world crisis marks much more than a depres­ This deliverance can come only as the result of the control and direction of the respective party International or its sections. They have sponsored James P. Cannon, was secretary of sion or dip in the business cycle. Under the capital­ victory in a revolutionary struggle. The belief that bodies. divisive tactics in the trade unions and other mass the International Labor Defense ist system of social and political relations the pro­ we live in a free, democratic society in which im­ At all times and under all conditions the Workers organizations, the policy of building dual sectarian from the time of its founding until ductive machine can no longer function effectively. portant economic changes can be effected by persua­ Party maintains its organizational and political in­ unions, the theory of social fascism and the tactic the Stalinist regime transformed it Its operations are directed not to fulfillment of sion, by education, by legal and parliamentary meth­ dependence. In relations with other political organ­ one day of the united front from below, and the next from a class instrument into a pup­ human needs but to the making of profits for private ods, is an illusion. Such a belief must be an illu ­ izations, in united front actions or other forms of day of purely formal united fronts “only from above” pet of the Communist Party. Other individuals and corporations. It cannot expand the sion in every capitalist society, and, in fact, in any cooperation, the party, while obligating itself to in which “non-aggflession pacts” with reformist par­ W. P. leaders have been active in productive forces further—it contracts them. It society which is divided into socio-economic classes. discipline in common action, reserves its right of ties are concluded. They have resorted to low, vicious defense work. cannot feed the masses—in the very midst of plenty Freedom can be realized only in a society based upon criticism and rejects in principle all “pacts of non­ tactics in the labor movement, time and again order­ The resolutions adopted at the it starves them. the economic and social equality of all individuals aggression” . ing their members to break up meetings called by convention are the following: composing it, and no social and economic equality other labor organizations, and to beat up spokesmen * * * IMPERIALISM AND WAR FOUNDATIONS OF A SOCIALIST SOCIETY oan obtain so long as the means of production and of other viewpoints. In their own ranks, dissident RESOLUTION ON MOONEY Seeking new outlets for uninvested capital and new distribution, by which members of society live, are The most important of the economic measures to be opinion is stifled and bureaucratism reigns supreme. In the history of the American possibilities for capital accumulation, as well as outside the control of society as a whole. Capitalist taken by the revolutionary government in its initial The C. I. and its sections are completely and me­ class struggle there has been no cheap raw materials and profitable markets for the society, in which a small minority owns and controls period is the appropriation and socialization, without chanically dominated by the bureaucracy of the C.P. more striking illustration of capi­ goods which their own population could not purchase, the means of production, means and must mean capi­ compensation, ot all monopolies in industry and S.U. As the revolutionary tide temporarily subsided talist oppression and class justice the capitalist nations entered the imperialist stage talist dictatorship. The political forms of capitalist and; all mines, factories and shipping; all public (n other countries, the Russian workers were obvi­ than the case of Tom Mooney now of their development. Having divided the world society (monarchy, democracy, m ilitary dictatorship, utilities, railroads and other organized means of ously confronted with the need of concentrating upon completing the eighteenth year of among themselves the struggle for new capitalist fascism) are only the means by which the actual communication; all banks, credit agencies, gold his martyrdom in San Quentin the tremendous task of laying the foundations of a outlets, for raw materials and markets now becomes dictatorship of the controlling minority expresses stores; and all other supplies and services that the socialist economy in the Soviet Union, in expectation Prison in the State of California. daily more intense. Driven by the lash of the crisis itself. The state or government is thus the political revolutionary government finds it necessary to take of decisive aid from the workers in other lands when Imprisoned there at the behest of the capitalist! nations are plunged into economic, Instrument through which the owning class exercises over in order to lay the foundations of a socialist the next revolutionary wave raised them to power. the capitalist class of California, ta riff and exchange struggles and armament competi­ and maintains its power and suppresses the working society. This socialization of the means of produc­ At this juncture the leaders of the C.P.S.U., how­ after his life had been saved tion among themselves. The capitalists strive to shift class. As the necessary political phase, therefore, tion and exchange injures only the small handful of ever, instead of pursuing the work of laying the through the intercession of the or­ the burdens of the crisis and the decline to other of the change of ownership and control of industry, financiers, landlords and industrialists whose’ private ganized revolutionary workers of foundations of a socialist economy in the S. U. as classes, especially the working class and the 'colonial the workers in the cities and on the land must take control of the resources of the country is the source Russia who demanded his freedom, peoples. The period of the decline of capitalism is one significant part of the movement for world revo­ control of state power by revolutionary means. of hunger, unemployment and insecurity for the great lution, adopted the position that a socialist society he has steadfastly refused to con­ accordingly marked' by a series of the mightiest strug­ bulk of the people. The policy of socialization pur­ cede to the proposal that he obtain gles in history, imperialist wars, wars of liberation CONQUEST OF POWER—THE WORKERS’ STATE could be built in the Soviet Union alone (the theory sued by the Workers’ State w ill make possible the of “socialism in one country” ) even though revolu­ liberty at the cost of whitewashing of the colonial peoples, and the revolutionary struggle The opportunity for the workers to take power w ill guarantee to every willing worker of a well-paid tions did not take place in other countries and that the criminal conspirators of the of the working class for its own emancipation. come in the course of the disintegration of material job, security against unemployment, and insurance the building and defense of “socialism in the Soviet judiciary who placed him in jail. life and of culture under capitalist dictatorship. FASCISM against industrial risks, old age, and sickness. There Union” is the first and well-nigh exclusive task of Tom Mooney’s freedom w ill be The masses w ill find themselves faced with growing In its early progressive period capitalism fought w ill be no need for the Workers’ State to impose the entire world revolutionary movement. In the realized solely through the organ­ hunger, impoverishment, curtailment of social ser­ against feudal and clerical reaction, and relied for arbitrary and oppressive measures upon small indi­ process of mechanically imposing this position upon ized expression of that profound vices, and the threat or actuality of fascism and war. its victory upon the support of the workers and vidual proprietors and farmers. The example of the the Communist parties of other countries all sem­ indignation felt by all workers that Taking advantage of the growing discontent gener­ farmers. In the period of capitalist decline the social and personal advantages of the socialist or­ blance of party democracy was wiped out. These one who should be at liberty and ated by the crisis of capitalism, led by the revolu­ owning class cannot maintain a measure of profits ganization of production, and assistance from the parties, instead of concentrating their attention and leading in the struggles of the day, tionary party and supported by ever larger and more and its position of privilege save by constantly re­ workers’, government, can be trusted to lead them to energies prim arily upon advancing the revolutionary is kept in confinement year after significant sections of the population, the workers ducing the standards of the dispossessed majority voluntary collectivization. Socialism w ill release movement and seeking the overthrow of the capital­ year. The organization of a great w ill take power and put an end to the destructive and presently plunging them into war. When the the productive forces to serve the needs of men, and ist state in these countries, became little more than campaign for the liberation of our course of capitalist dictatorship. will enable production to be planned rationally in class brother is a solemn duty and social crisis thus generated approaches a climax, and agitational groups dedicated to so-called “defense of The fundamental mass instrument of this struggle terms of actual social requirements. It w ill allow a vital need of the whole class. die working class, as the result of the lack of a the S. U.”, pacifist agitation “against war and Fas­ for power, forged in the course of united actions of the utilization of every technical improvement. The The Workers Party of the U. S., strong revolutionary party, fails to act decisively for cism” , etc. the workers, w ill be the Workers’ Councils (Soviets). leisure and educational opportunities which w ill ac­ at its founding convention, pledges a revolutionary solution, it suffers internal demoral­ This degeneration of the Communist parties every­ ization and loses the confidence of the middle class The Workers’ Councils, representing the interests of company these material advantages, together with its unremitting efforts in a struggle removal of the dead-weight of the perverted capital­ where and their diversion from the task of achieving for the liberation of Tom Mooney. masses ruined by the crisis. Under the dom ination the majority of the socially productive elements of the revolution in the capitalist countries, weakened the population, are the organs which mobilize the ist culture, w ill offer every individual possibilities To Tom Mooney himself this con­ of finance capital, fascism then succeeds in mobiliz­ the real defense of the Soviet Union and contributed workers for the revolutionary assault as well as the for the fullest creative development. vention sends its warmest comrade­ ing the desperate middle class elements and even to the defeat of the workers in other lands, as was organization form of state power after the victory. ly greeting and a solemn pledge of certain demoralized sections of the working class on THE GOAL OF A CLASSLESS SOCIETY so tragically demonstrated by the collapse of the It is through them, not through the existing govern­ solidarity. a reactionary basis. “Stabilization” Is thus tempor­ 0. P. in Germany when Hitler came tr power. The mental apparatus, which represents the interests only The elimination of all socially useless and para­ RESOLUTION ON HOLSTEIN arily achieved by the destruction of the workers’ sitic classes and groups w ill proceed simultaneously effective defense of the Soviet Union today and the The founding convention of the organizations, the wholesale murder of working class of the capitalist minority, that the workers w ill over­ support of those revolutionists in the S. U. who fight throw the capitalist class and take power. The with these material and cultural changes.. The en­ Workers Party of the 'U. S. has militants and the suppression of all forms of inde­ tire population w ill be transformed into a com­ for the reform of the Soviet State and the revival of been informed of the plot instigated pendent class expression. workers w ill abolish the whole machinery of the the Bolshevik Party of Lenin’s time based on the capitalist state in order to render it incapable of munity of free producers owning the total pro­ by the capitalist class of Minnea­ Under Fascism democratic rights are suppressed, ductive wealth and resources of society. The principles' of revolutionary internationalism and polis acting through the labor-hat­ counter-revolutionary activity and because it cannot workers’ democracy depend therefore upon the build­ all the forms of democracy are abandoned. The serve as the instrumentality for establishing a new need of coercion and repression of socially alien ing Citizens Alliance and Police trade unions and a ll other independent organizations classes w ill disappear with the disappearance of ing of new revolutionary parties in the capitalist Chief Bloody Mike Johannes, to social order. Its place w ill be taken by the workers’ countries and a new revolutionary international. To of workers and farmers are smashed or compelled to state, based on the Workers’ Councils. The workers’ these classes. With it w ill vanish the need for a railroad m ilitant trade unionists to become a passive part of the state machinery. The state machinery—even the workers’ state. The accomplish all these objectives we devote ourselves their death in order to deal a blow stated while assuring and continually extending far with all our energies to the building of the new right to strike is abrogated. The standard of living more genuine and substantial democtatic rights to noblest objective of the human race, the classless to the trade union movemnet of of the masses is steadily driven downward. Open communist society which inaugurates a new era for revolutionary party in the United States. Minneapolis and especially to Gen­ the masses than ever accorded to them under capi­ terror is exercised not only against avowed' revolu­ talism, w ill function fis a dictatorship of the working all mankind, w ill be realized. c. Centrist Political Groupings e ra l D rive rs Local 574. tionists but against any workers engaged in a m ili­ To Emanuel Holstein, falsely class against its enemies. The working class can build a complete socialist The W orkers P a rty o f the U. S. firm ly opposes tant struggle for their own defense. Fascism sows society only on the basis of world division of labor charged with murder, and whose division among the people by appeals to the basest ROLE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PARTY centrist organizations and tendencies on the national only crime has been that shoulder- and world cooperation. The Workers Party aims not and international fields, which try to reconcile or to racial prejudices and nationalistic passion. Thus For the victory of the workers a revolutionary poli­ merely to lead the working class of the U. S. in to-shoulder with thousands of his capitalism allies itself in its period of decline with tical party is all-important and indispensable. The find a middle-of-the-road position between revolu­ trade union brothers he has gone revolution but to unite with the workers of all other tionary Marxism and reformism. While ready to everything that is archaic and reactionary and class war is fought by class armies. The working countries in the international revolution and the forward on the picket line to defend hreatens to drive whole nations back into barbarism class as a whole—to say nothing of its necessary cooperate with organizations and groups evolving the rights of labor and to gain for etsablishment of world-socialism. Modern forces of and savagery. allies in other sections of the population—is not from reformism or centrism to revolutionary Marxism himself, his family and his class production have compelled capitalism itself to trans­ characterized by firm homogeneity. It is divided by the Workers Party w ill not tolerate any conciliation brothers a standard of living above AMERICA’S PLACE IN THE WORLD cend national boundaries. Imperialism, itself a with reformist or centrist policies. conflicting philosophies, by separatist interests of the starvation level, we send greet­ predatory force, cannot, however, achieve a harmoni­ With the war, the United States rose to the posi­ caste, religion, nationality, race, sex, age. Without ings and a pledge of solidarity. ous society. World-socialism is the only solution d. Labor and Fanner-Labor Parties tion of the leading imperialist power in the world. the revolutionary party its most valiant struggles To the Trade Union Defense for the conflicts and disorders in the modern world, It assumed this leading role at a time when capital­ fall to achieve lasting results. The working class At present the Farmer-Labor party movement in League of Minneapolis, organized ism everywhere was in decline and conflicts between as well as for the major contradictions within a this country is weak and inconsequential. It is, to defend Happy Holstein, we as a class, as a whole, cannot directly plan and guide single nation. A socialist society w ill utilize ration­ the great Powers were threfore intensified. American Its battles. For that a staff, a vanguard is neces­ however, possible that there w ill rise into being a pledge our unflagging support. imperialism cannot expand further, or even maintain ally the natural resources and productive machinery fairly “radical” farmer-labor movement, or some This Convention gives to the N. sary—not imposed from above, Without the possibility of the earth in the iiiterests of the people of the its existing world position, without cutting deeply of control and verification from the ranks, but rising combination of farmer, labor and middle class move­ C. of the Workers Party of the U. into the share of world power now in the hands of earth, and solve the conflict between the efficient ments, which w ill seek to reform capitalism. S. the mandate to communicate im­ from the ranks by bested ability and common ap­ development of productive forces and the artificial ,he other imperialist nations, as well as into the proval. This is the revolutionary political party. It The workers’ revolutionary movement faces a com­ mediately with the Trade Union- restrictions of national boundaries. It w ill grant iving standards of the millions in the U. S., Latin embraces the most advanced, the most m ilitant, the plicated problem in dealing with such developments. Defense League and with Happy the rights of free cultural self-determination and America, Europe and Asia whom it exploits directly most devoted workers, unites them firmly on the It is the task of the revolutionists to build their own Holstein and to arrange measures self-development to all nations and all individuals. or from whom it exacts tribute. In extending its basis of tested principles, and welds them together party, not to engage in building up any party of whereby we ean assist in his de­ World-socialism w ill remove the causes of Interna­ I>ower throughout the world, U. 8. capitalism thereby in rigorous discipline. reform. In the period of capitalist decline, so-called fense. ntroduces the instabiflty of the capitalist world tiona wars that under capitalism now seriously The revolutionary struggle of the workers can be reformist parties cannot pretend to the progressive RESOLUTION ON LABOR system into its own foundations. The economy and threaten to send mankind into barbarism or complete victorious only on the condition that the Marxist role they have played decades ago. Political and DEFENSE politics of the United States depend more and more destruction. party has gained the confidence and support of the economic concessions can now be wrested from the The founding convention of the upon crises, wars and revolutions in all parts of the majority of the working class and' leads it in the CRITICISM OF EXISTING PARTIES capitalist class only by means of the most resolute Workers Party of the U. S. takes world. These circumstances profoundly shake all attack. The united front of different parties and The founding of the New Party on the basis of the and militant class struggle. Besides, any party note of the fact that the rising tide the classes in the country, change the relations be­ organizations of the workers, welded together in the present Declaration is the one possible step toward which purports to represent two or more classes on of labor struggles is logically ac­ tween them, sharpen and accelerate political differ­ Workers’ Councils, can mobilize the workers and revolutionary unity. A mere attempt to fuse the an equal footing, or to direct its appeal “to all companied by a wave of persecu­ entiations, and open the way for a stormy revolu­ conduct partial actions even when the revolutionary programs and tactics of existing parties would lead classes,” is essentially a middle class party doomed tion of labor militants and revolu­ tionary development of the working class. In the party is yet supported only by the minority. Its nowhere since careful analysis reveals their falsity to irresolution and surrender to the big capitalists tionaries throughout this country. very nature of the power of U. 8. imperialism, lie Hundreds of workers are today in leadership in the Councils, however, are a prerequi­ and inadequacy. in every decisive test. We do not believe that the those irrepressible conflicts that herald its collapse, American working class must inevitably pass prison or jail, or so threatened, site for the revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist a. Socialist Party solely because of their political or THE ROOSEVELT PROGRAM regime and the consolidation of the workers’ rule. through a protracted experience with reformist par­ economic views or activities in the The Roosevelt program is essentially that of mono­ The revolutionary party likewise of necessity leads The Socialist Party is not a party of revolution ties. It is entirely possible that it w ill either skip lanor or revolutionary movements, poly capitalism, concentrating power and wealth in the working class in the consolidation of its power but of reform and pacifism. The fundamental error this stage, or else concentrate it within a brief it is only a few weeks since a close the hands of a decreasing few financiers and indus­ after the victory, in the organization of socialist of all wings of the party is their false conception of period. Another dangerous aspect of middle class friend of our movement, Antonio trialists. It fosters an open alliance between indus­ economy, In the suppression of internal counter-rev­ the nature of the state and of the colonial question. reform movements, in the present period, is the fact Bellussi, was deported from this try and finance and the government. It strengthens olutionary enemies, and In wars of the workers’ From this flow its parliamentary illusions, its notion that they easily fa ll prey to those demagogic appeals, country by the “liberal” Roosevelt monopolistic tendencies in the form of codes and states against capitalist states. The role of the party that the workers can achieve power within the chauvinistic slogans and reactionary ideas of class regime because he is a confirmed cultivates the view of the state as umpire in con­ as the leader of the class continues until all forms framework of existing state forms, its fetishism of harmony which are the hallmark of the fascist fighter against Italian Fascism and flicts between capital and labor. It seeks to tie the of class organization, including the state and the capitalist democracy, its policies of class collabora­ movement. However, the membership of these groups its offshoots in this country. Today trade union movement to the capitalist state machin­ party, are finally dissolved in the classless society. tion, and betrayal of colonial revolts and revolutions. represent real blocs of social unrest and of potential antagonism to the existing order. The Workers members of our party active in ery, breaks strikes under the pretext of impartial THE WORKERS PARTY OF THE U. S. It is affiliated and gives allegiance to the bankrupt trade union struggles in Minneapo­ composition of differences by government boards, and Second International, which bears the responsibility Party w ill work out its tactics toward these groups The Workers Party of the U. 8. is founded on the for supporting the last imperialist war, and whose and movements in the light of its basic principles. lis are in danger of arrest on a attacks m ilitant workers and their organizations. Its great principles of revolutionary theory and practice frame-up charge of murder inspired leading section, the German Social-Democracy, openly The masses in the movements must be won to sup­ vast m ilitary program is designed both as an instru­ stated by Marx and Lenin and tested by the experi­ by the labor-hating Citizens A lli­ aided the capitalists to suppress revolutionary up­ port the revolutionary movement. The revolutionary ment against dissatisfied sections of the populations ence of the class struggle on an international scale, ance of that city. Not long ago risings of the workers and made possible the triumph party w ill show them by theory and historical ex­ at home and as an agency of American Imperialist above all in the Russian Revolution of 1917 (the comrades A. J. Muste, James Cross of Fascism in Germany. The Socialist Party con­ ample, and above all by its own activities that the interests against those of other nations in the wars “October Revolution"). The Workers Party con- and H. Mayer were indicted in Bell- ducts no struggle against the reactionaries in the actual consequences of the policies of reform, move­ >vhich are inevitable so long as capitalism endures. oetives as its duty the re a lis tic app lica tion of these ville, 111. and Comrade Louis Bu- trade union movement and important sections of the ments, here as in all other countries, are directly principles to the present historical situation. Since denz and others in Toledo, Ohio, THE ONLY WAY OUT Party are directly associated with these elements. opposed to th e ir avowed aims, th a t they act to pre­ its primary task is the defeat of the enemy at home for the crime of assisting workers There is only one alternative to capitalism—to Though now as at other periods in its history the serve capitalism, and hence are inimical to the inter­ in a strike struggle. Comrades crises of cumulative intensity, growing unemployment —the overthrow of the capitalist government of the Party contains many m ilitant and leftward moving est of the workers. In order that it may effectively Cannon and Shachtman were jailed and impoverishment, Fascism, war and chaos, ending United States—the Workers Party w ill seek, first workers, the powerful right wing elements in the perform this task the revolutionary party must at in Minneapolis. Delegates to this not only in final collapse of the capitalist system but and foremost, to demonstrate to the working class of Party openly spurn and combat all revolutionary all times maintain its own political and organization­ convention have failed to reach in a relapse into barbarism. That alternative is to the U. 8. and its allies that the application of the tendencies. The radical phrases of the centrist wing al integrity and independence. their destination because the police wipe out the central contradiction of capitalism, to principles of revolutionary Marxism is-the sole means represented by the “M ilitant” leaders serve as a of various cities have arrested and rake the ownership and control of the natural re­ for the fulfillment of their historical needs and in­ cover for an essentially reformist attitude and a THE NEW INTERNATIONAL terests. Proceeding from these principles, the Work­ detained them. sources, the productive plant, and the agencies of policy of capitulation to the right wing. The Party The workers' revolution by its very nature is in­ While the heaviest blows of the distribution and communication, out of the hands of ers Party of the U. 8. w ill use the revolutionary and the Second International with which it is affili­ ternational in character. Beginning in one or more capitalist oppressors naturally fall private individuals and corporations, to us« and potentialities of American tradition and history, and ated therefore serve the purpose of hindering the countries it must be extended progressively to others upon the most revolutionary ele­ operate them for the fulfillm ent of human needs and adapt its tactics to the concrete situation and the consistent development of the workers to a revolu­ until It embraces the entire world and establishes ments of the class and particularly not for private profit, to build a socialist society. relation of class forces in the United States. tionary position. The genuinely revolutionary work­ socialism as a world system. The revolutionary members of the revolutionary party, Thus and only thus can the masses in the modern The Workers Party is a voluntary organization of ers in the Socialist Party can carry out the implica­ party must therefore be an international party with these blows are also directed world achieve plenty, security, peace and freedom. the class conscious vanguard whose members are tions of their position only when they break with sections in every country. We are therefore com­ against all m ilitant and class-con­ united by a system of ideas set forth in this Declar­ the reformists and social patriots and unite with THE WORKING CLASS AND ITS ALLIES mitted to the formation of new revolutionary parties scious workers and in times of ation. Its organization principles are: democracy, the Workers Party and the New International. throughout the world and their union in a New In­ The central position among the social forces which centralization and discipline. Freedom of discussion great crisis against all elements of b. The Communist Party ternational. The needs of the working class move­ the population who dare to express must be depended upon to destroy the capitalist eco­ of party problems and freedom of criticism, including ment in earlier periods of capitalist development led opinions or engage in actions ini- nomic system and the capitalist state and effect the the criticism of the leadership and its policy, is the The adoption of a nationalist, and therefore non- to the formation of the First and later the Second inalienable right of every party member. The lead­ rnioal to the interests and plans of transition to a scientific socialist economy, belongs revolutionary theory and practice, associated with International, and demanded the establishment o f the the capitalist exploiters and their to the working class. It will, however, need the ership, from the lowest unit up to the National Com­ the abandonment of the principle of workers’ demo­ Third International when the Second betrayed the executive committee, the govern­ support of other sections of society who are also ex­ mittee, is freely elected by the membership and cracy in the Third International and its sections, working class in the war and post-war crisis. Today subject to its control and removal. ment of the U. 8. and its subdlvi- ploited or oppressed. Sections of the middle class, constitutes the root cause of tbelr decline and degen­ the existing Second and Third Internationals are The party Convention is the highest authority of ( Cent In tied on Page 3) the debt-ridden farmers, the Negroes as a persecuted eration. Having left the firm ground of revolution-bankrupt. The problem of international organization SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1934 THE MILITANT PAGE 3

other evils. Where the masses are forced to form independent unions as a result of such intolerable Minneapolis Frame-Up Workers Party Dec- situations the W. P. w ill support them in their ef­ forts aud struggles. We are firmly opposed to the Constitution of the Workers Party Attacked by Dunne present maneuvers of the Communist Party for the arbitrary and mechanical liquidation of independent Resolved, That the following document be adopted the Convention, is vested in the National Committee (Continued on Page 1) laration of Principles elected by the Convention. unions, regardless of the circumstances that called1 as the CONSTITUTION OF THE WORKERS PARTY OF THE UNITED STATES, and be it fur­ immediately culled for his re-arrest cannot be met by an amalgamation ot the Second and them into existence, their mass base, or the w ill of Section 3. The National Committee shall be com­ on the trumped-up charge of hav­ th er prised as follows: Third Internationals or by an International based on the membership. Where the A. F. of L. is unable ing murdered Lyman. a mixture of the bankrupt policies of the two. A or unwilling to organize the unorganized workers, Resolved. That all members of the American Par. 1. There sh a ll be tw enty-tw o members. The following day at a meeting of rtew, i.e., a Fourth, International, based on the theor­ especially in the basic Industries, the W. P. w ill as­ Workers Party and of the Communist League of Par. 2. The National Convention shall elect also 70 representatives and officials of etic and strategic principles laid down by Marx and sist them to form independent unions on an indus­ America, as certified by the Secretaries of the re­ six alternates, to fill vacancies in the National Com­ the trade union movement of the Lenin, representing the historic continuity of the in­ trial basis. It w ill, however, continue to work for a spective organizations, shall become Charter Mem­ mittee in the order decided upon by the Convention. city, which had been called to plan ternational revolutionary movement, and applying united, industrially constructed and m ilitant trade bers of the Workers Party of the U. S. upon signi­ Par. 3. Members of the National Committee may to fight the Citizens Alliance for these basic principles to the historical realities of the union movement fying their desire to do so, and are eligible for elec­ be dropped from the Committee and/or from the control of the city government, present stage of capitalist decline, must be built. The Workers Party stands for industrial unionism, tion or appointment to all offices, and be it further Party only by vote of the National Convention. resolutions were introduced by the The W. P. is prepared to establish fraternal relations and w ill press forward the issue of amalgamation Resolved, That all persons applying for member­ Members of the National Committee may, however, leaders of local 574 w hich resulted with all groups, organizations and parties in other in every field in which such action is necessary. ship within sixty days after the first Convention, and be suspended from membership and be barred from in the meeting being converted whose applications are accepted, shall have the sta­ all rights as members, pending final decision of the countries which stand on the same fundamental pro­ ■We warn the organized' workers against the ten­ immediately into a defense rally for tus of Charter Members, and be it further Party Convention, by vote of two-thirds of the mem­ gram as our own and1 to cooperate with them in the dency, particularly noticeable since the NRA, to tie Happy Holstein. bership of the National Committee. elaboration of a complete world program and the the trade union movement up with the capitalist Resolved, That the National Committee of the The Minneapolis Labor Review of Section 4. The National Committee directs nil the speediest possible establishment of the New Interna­ government. This policy, nourished and supported Workers Party of the U. S. in the period between the F rid a y, Nov. 23, devotes its fro n t work of the Party, decides all questions of policy in tio n a l. by the leaders of the American Federation of Labor, initial and the second National Conventions, is em­ page entirely to a discussion of that accord w ith the decisions of the Convention, appoints must inevitably result, if it is allowed to prevail, in powered to increase its membership up to and includ­ meeting—characterizing it as "the STRUGGLE AGAINST IMPERIALIST WAR subordinate officers and sub-committees, including emasculating the unions, in restricting the right to ing thirty by two-thirds vote, and to elect additional greatest outpouring of business the Political Committee, and, in general, constitutes representatives and officials of un­ The Workers Party is pledged to a revolutionary strike, to picket and carry on any normal activity, members accordingly, likewise by two-thirds vote. l>etween Conventions the functioning authority of ions that has occurred in several struggle against war, which can be eliminated only and undermining the workers’ power of resistance. * * • by the overthrow of the society which breeds it. It the P arty. years.” CONSTITUTION OF THE WORKTRS PARTY OF w ill strive by every means in its power to prevent AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AND FARMERS Section 5. The local governing body of the Party The next day the Trade Union THE UNITED STATES the outbreak of another imperialist war. It will The section of the agricultural population on which shall be the Local Executive Committee, or, where Defense Committee brought Happy combat the idea that it is to the Interest of the the Workers Party bases Itself directly consists of ARTICLE I: NAME only one branch exists, the Branch Executive Com­ Holstein out of ja il on $10,000 bail, workers to support defense of the (capitalist) the agricultural laborers whose standard of living The name of the organization shall be the WORK­ mittee. Where District Executive Committees shall procured by placing the property "fatherland” , based as this idea is on the conception is even lower than that of the industrial workers ERS PARTY OF THE UNITED STATES (herein­ be constituted, the National Committee shall decide of the M ilk D rive rs Union a t 340 Fifth Street, N.E., under bond. of a community of interest between classes which and whose efforts to organize in order to improve after referred to as “the Party"). their relation to the Local and Branch Executive The Labor Review says: “Organ­ capitalism by its very nature makes impossible. their conditions are met by the most brutal repres­ Committees. ARTICLE II: PURPOSE Section 6. The Branch Executive Committee shall ized labor is in an ugly mood at the Under no circumstances w ill the W.P. give any sion. The organization of these workers into m ili­ The purpose of the Party is set forth in its De­ attempted framing of Happy Hol­ support, directly or indirectly, to any war conducted tant unions is an essential part of the development be elected by the membership of the branch, and' is claration of Principles. subordinate to the branch membership. Its duties stein. by the capitalist government of the U. S. On the of the revolutionary movement in the United States. are to direct the activities of the branch, and to act- “Trade unionists have not for­ contrary, it will actively fight such a war and The Workers Party w ill give special attention to this ARTICLE III: INTERNATIONAL AFFILIATION with fu ll powers for the branch between branch meet­ gotten how Henry Ness and John work not for the “victory” of the capitalist govern­ task, and pledges its fullest support to all the strug­ The Party, at its launching, is affiliated' with no ings. This section applies likewise to Local Execu­ Belor, valiant members of Drivers ment but its defeat. The Workers Party rejects the gles of the oppressed agricultural workers. other group, party, or organization in the United tive Committees. 574, were slaughtered and more utopian and illusory ideas of pacifism. We support Millions of share-croppers and tenant farmers in States or elsewhere. Its National Committee is em­ than 40 others shot in the back. the wars of the oppressed against the oppressor, of various sections of the United States have been re­ powered to enter into fraternal relations with groups ARTICLE VI: INITIATION FEES AND DUES That there has been no effort to workers’ states against capitalist states, of the en­ duced to virtual servitude and a peasant basis ot and parties in other countries, and, if they stand Section 1. Each applicant for membership (other apprehend or indict those big shot slaved peoples against .their imperialist exploiters, existence. Even those farmers who nominally own on the same fundam ental program as its Own, to than Charter Members) shall pay an initiation fee higher-ups responsible for giving of the colonies against those who keep them in servi­ the land they occupy, are loaded with a growing cooperate with them in the elaboration of a complete of twenty-five cents, which shall be receipted for by the order for their slaying while tude, of the nationalities, races and minorities who burden of mortgages and debts and under capitalism world program, and the speediest possible establish­ an Initiation stamp furnished by the National Office. Happy Holstein, a humble worker, suffer under the yoke of a ruling caste. The policy are less and less able to make a living from the sale ment of the new revolutionary International. Action The entire initiation fee shall be paid to the Nation­ is being attempted to be framed is of folded arms, passive resistance, “conscientious of their produce. This situation has driven them to on any organizational affiliation must be submitted al Office. convincing the workers more than objection”, etc. is completely futile as a means of openly violent “Holiday” movements, milk strikes, to a National Convention of the Pnrty. Section 2. Each member shall pay monthly dues ever that the so-called machinery struggle against imperialist war, regardless of the anti-foreclosure and anti-eviction demonstrations, ARTICLE IV: MEMBERS of fifty cents which shall be receipted for by dues of justice is the machinery of class sincerity and courage of those who resort to it. The etc. These struggles, however, can have a consist­ stamp furnished by the National Office through the justice and not of even handed Section 1. A ll those who accept the Declaration of answer to imperialist war is the workers’ revolution. ently progressive characetr and can achieve lasting Branch Treasurer, and affixed to the membership ju stice .” Principles adopted at the First Convention, who This policy holds good also in the event of a m ili­ results only if they are directed against the capital­ card of each member. In addition, all members are V. R. Dunne Promises Fight agree to abide by the discipline of the Party, and to tary alliance between the U. S. and the Soviet Union expected! to make regular voluntary contributions ist system itself. For the farmers, as well as for engage actively in its work, are eligible to member­ Commenting on the attempted (an alliance which under certain circumstances the all oppressed groups, emancipation and security can according to their means. In special cases, the Na­ ship. frame-up of union leaders, Vincent B. U. might be unable to avoid). In such a case the come only by allying themselves with the working tional Committee may authorize a reduction in the R. Dunne, leader of General Driv­ Section 2. Every member must belong to a duly W. P., unreservedly supporting the Soviet Workers class in the struggle for a socialist society. amount of monthly dues, not more than fifty per ers Local Union 574 of Minneapolis, constituted branch of the Party in the locality where cent, upon application by the party unit affected. State, would expose the treacherous aims of the NEGROES AND OTHER OPPRESSED RACIAL now in New York City to attend government of U. S. imperialism in the alliance, he resides, if such a branch exists. In localities Section 3. Where branches are joined in Local or the founding convention of the GROUPS where no branch exists, members-shall be admitted call for its overthrow and1 its replacement by a revo­ District Committees, one half of all dues payments W orkers P a rty o f the U. S., made lutionary workers’ government which alone would be The Negroes compose the most exploited and per­ as m em bers-at-large. shall go to the National Office; where Local or Dis­ the following statement to the capable of making a loyal alliance with the S, U. and secuted section of the population of this country. Section 3. Applications for membership shall be trict Committees do not exist, two-thirds of all dues M ilita n t: giving it unqualified support in the war. Racial differences are used by the capitalist dictator­ acted upon by the local branch concerned, in accord­ payments shall go to the National Office. In the case “We have heard of such confes­ ship to drive down the standard of living of all ance with the general regulations laid down by the of members-at-large, the entire amount of dues pay­ sions before in the history of frame- THE DEFENSE OF THE SOVIET UNION workers and to keep them from uniting against tljelr National Committee, and subject to review by higher ment shall go to the National Office. ups against members of trade un­ The Soviet Union is a workers’ state, product of oppressors and thus achieving complete emancipation. units of the Party. Applications for membership-at- Section 4. No members are exempted from the ions who dared to behave like hon­ the Russian revolution and beacon light of inspira­ The Workers Party w ill labor unceasingly to con­ large shall be acted upon by the National Commit­ payment of at least the minimum dues. In special est union men. We are not fright­ tion to the workers of the entire world. Despite all vince the white workers on the one hand, and the tee, or by such committee as i t sh all designate. cases, however, local branches are at liberty to pro­ ened by th is one. the difficulties imposed upon it by its isolation within workers of the Negro and other oppressed racial Section 4. An official Membership Card shall be vide payment for individual unemployed branch “If the Citizens Alliance wants a a ring of capitalist enemies the Russian workers have groups, such as the Japanese, Mexicans and Filipinos, issued to each member. members from the branch treasury, upon vote cf the fight, they w ill get it. Seventy Min­ already accomplished marvels, and have demonstrat­ on the other hand, that their interests are the same. Section 5. A member desiring to leave one locality branch. The National Committee is, however, em­ neapolis unions, all of the Ameri­ ed beyond doubt that planned socialist production is The elementary and basic task is to unite the work­ for another must apply to his branch for permission, powered to exempt a branch, and its members, from can Federation of Labor, have manifestly superior to capitalist production even in ers regardless of race in economic and political or­ and receive a transfer card, which is to be deposited this requirement, and to issue special unemployed leagued together to light these its best period. The unconditional defense of the ganizations for a common struggle. The W. P. stands with the branch of the locality to which the member stamps. frame-ups and their instigators. I Soviet Union against capitalist attack is an elemen­ for the complete equality of the Negroes and1 all other moves. If no branch exists in the new locality, the Section 5. Housewives, not employed, who are am confident that the Workers tary duty of every worker. Any attempt by the im­ races and w ill fight against every form of race dis­ member shall remain a member-at-large. members of the party, may, on request, be granted I Party w ill make one of its first ac­ perialists of any land to attack or undermine the crimination — economic, political, social, against Section 6. The National Committee is empowered unemployed exempt stamps. tivities the rallying of its members Soviet Union w ill find the revolutionists of the Work­ wage differentials, lynching, Jim Crowism, the tp accept groups or organizations of individuals, Section 6. Dues paying members of the youth throughout the country to organize ers Party ready to defend it to the utmost. Funda­ barring of Negroes and other groups from the trade eligible under Section 1 of this Article, as members organization who are simultaneously party members a nation-wide defense movement. mentally this real defense of the Soviet.Union de­ unions, and all other forms of racial and national en bloc, and to assign them to the proper branches. shall, on request, be exempted from the payments of "Before we get through with the chauvinism. At the same time, we point out that the dues in the party branch. Citizens Alliance similar plunder pends not upon the League of Nations, non-aggres­ ARTICLE V: ORGANIZATION sion pacts, or any such measures, but upon success­ Negro urban and rural masses cannot achieve deliv­ Section 7. Members who are three months in ar­ organizations in other cities w ill ful workers’ revolutions in other countries. erance by reliance upon Negro capitalists and middle Section 1. The basic unit of the Party shall be rears in payment of dues shall cease to be members think twice before they try to rail­ class elements or a so-called “Negro capitalism” . the branch. A branch shall consist of not less than in good standing, and shall be so notified by the road an honest trade union m ilitant THE MAIN TASK Only by the complete abolition of capitalism w ill they 5 nor more than 50 members. When a branch Branch Executive. Members six months in arrears to his death.” The main and immediate task of the W. P. is the gain freedom from discrimination, exploitation and achieves a membership of 50, it shall be subdivided’ shall be stricken from the rolls of the Party. into two branches. Exceptions can be made only by mobilization of the American masses for the struggle tyranny. ARTICLE VI: DISCIPLINE against capitalism and the preparation for its revo­ permission of the National Committee. COLONIAL PEOPLES Section 1. A ll decisions of the governing bodies Party to A c t on Defense lutionary overthrow. To this end the Party will Section 2. Wherever two or more branches exist of the Party are binding upon the members and sub­ work within the mass organizations of workers and The workers in the United States and the peoples in the same locality, a Local Executive Committee ordinate units of the Party. (Continued from Page 2) farmers and w ill support and seek to give leadership of Latin America, the Philippines, Hawaii and shall be formed by delegates from the respective Section 2. Any member or unit violating the de­ sions. in the struggle against re­ to all their immediate practical struggles, strikes, Liberia, have one enemy in common—American im­ branches elected on the basis ot proportional repre­ cisions of a higher unit of the Party shall be subject action, against Fascist and seml- demonstrations, mass action for relief and social in­ perialism. The Workers Party pledges its unquali­ sentation. to disciplinary actions up to expulsion by the body Fascist trends, against the suppres­ surance, fights against lynching, evictions, foreclos­ fied and active support to these peoples in every Section 3. In such cases as may be decided' by having jurisdiction. sion of civil liberties and the rights ures, etc. The W. P. w ill participate with its own progressive struggle they undertake to gain the un­ the National Committee, District Executive Commit­ Section 3. Charges against any member shall be of labor to organize, strike, picket candidates! and program in election campaigns, with­ hampered right of self-determination, free from tees, comprising delegates from a given group of made in writing and' the accused member shall be and' otherwise defend its interests, out, however, sowing the fatal illusion that the military, political or economic intervention or pres­ local branches, shall be formed. furnished with a copy. Charges filed before branches against deportations, against the workers can accomplish their emancipation by means sure by U. S. imperialism. Our Party stands for (he ARTICLE VI: ADMINISTRATION unconditional and immediate independence of the shall be considered by the Branch Executive Com­ oppression of aliens, Negroes and of the ballot box. Election campaigns w ill serve Section 1. The highest governing body of the Party Philippine Islands, Hawaii, Porto Rico, the Virgin mittee at a meeting to which the accused member is other minority elements of the po­ prim arily as a means of revolutionary propaganda. is the National Convention. Its decisions shall be Islands and all other colonies and dependencies ot invited. The Branch Executive Committee shall sub­ pulation, the entire working class Our candidates elected to Congress or other govern­ binding upon the entire membership. the U. S., and for the withdrawal of all troops from m it a recommendation to be acted ujion by the mem­ has a common interest. It is the mental bodies w ill utilize their positions for the Section 2. Between National Conventions, the au­ task of the revolutionary party to any territory outside the boundaries of the U. S. The bership of the Branch. Charges considered by high­ purpose of exposing the sham of capitalist “demo­ thority of the Convention, subject to the decisions of er units of the Party shall, however, be acted upon make clear to the class this com­ Workers Party is further pledged to active opposition cracy” and promoting the development of the mass mon interest and to bring about to any endeavor by American imperialism, be it open by the said units. movement of the workers. It w ill carry on constant united action on behalf of this in­ or masked', to infringe upon the right of self-deter­ In action how the fight of employed and unemployed Section 4. Disciplinary action by a higher unit of propaganda to educate the vanguard workers in the terest. In such action on an hon­ mination of any nation or people. against their common oppressor can be united. It the Party shall be Initiated in the local branch. principles of revolutionary Marxism. Everywhere, it Failure of the branch to act, or branch action deemed est, fighting, united front basis, w ill seek to demonstrate in action the applicability The revolutions in the colonies, semi-colonies, and supports and helps organize the struggles of the unemployed masses for relief, against evictions, for improper by the higher unit, may be followed’ by labor w ill advance step by step of its principles and tactics and the competence of “spheres of influence” of U. S. imperialism w ill play social insurance, etc. direct disciplinary action by the higher unit. against its class enemy and out of if* leadership in the mass movements of the workers. an important part in the revolutionary struggle to Section 5. Any member subjected to disciplinary the fires of the struggle w ill come THE TRADE UNIONS overthrow the imperialist exploiters at home, and THE YOUNG WORKERS action has the right to appeal to the next higher unit, new revolutionary elements and an vice versa. A successful revolution in the United The capitalist system has throughout its existence up to and including the National Convention. Pend­ ever-larger m ilitant movement. The trade unions are the elementary and basic States would be decisive for the emancipation of the been marked by the most hideous exploitation of ing action on the appeal, the decision of the Party The founding convention of the organs of working-class defense against capitalist toiling masses throughout Latin America. On the children and youth. Capitalist society today cannot body having jurisdiction remains in full force and Workers Party of the U. S. notes aggression, and of all trade unions the most impor­ other hand the revolution beginning in one of the offer jobs even at starvation wages to millions of its effect. with regret that there exists no or­ tant are those of the workers in the large shops, Latin American countries, or in one of the colonies youth, but only frustration or actual destruction ganization capable of giving con­ ARTICLE V II: QUALIFICATIONS FOR ELECTION mills, factories and mines of the basic industries. or semi-colonies of the United States, can spread under Fascist reaction or war. The working and tinuous and organized expression to With these as its base, the Party w ill penetrate throughout the continent and powerfully accelerate student youth w ill find in the Workers Party which Section 1. Except in the case of newly organized this common interest. A broad, sim ilarly the unions and federations of all groups of the development of the class struggle and the revolu­ aims at the establishment of a socialist society the branches, members of Local and Branch Executive class-conscious m ilitant defense or­ workers, activizing and politicalizing their struggles. tion in the United States. The struggle against U. S. constant champion of their interests. The Party w ill Committees must have been members of the Party ganization does not e xist today. Its The main aim of the W. P. in the trade unions is to imperialism at home and throughout its vast empire undertake as one of its most urgent and important for at least three months. creation is a crying need. To It infuse them with the spirit and policy of class strug­ is thus indissolubly linked together. The Workers tasks the building of a youth organization embracing Section 2. Members of the National Committee should rally a ll class-conscious ele­ gle and to aid in developing a m ilitant leadership in Party w ill actively support and endeavor to coordi­ young workers, young farmers and young students must have been members of the Party for at least ments, regardless of political dif­ accord therewith. To this end it w ill wage an irre­ nate all the manifestations of this struggle. based on the party’s principles of revolutionary one year. ferences. It should be partisan concilable struggle against the reactionary officialdom PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS M arxism . ARTICLE V III: NATIONAL CONVENTIONS only of the class as a whole, in­ of the trade union movement. We shall encourage Section 1. The National Convention of the Party cluding all militant workers and and inspire workers in the unions to fight against The professional and technical workers have a dis­ THE UNITED FRONT shall be held once a year. Special Conventions shall fighting on behalf of all working autocracy, corruption and gangsterism and against tinctive contribution to make both in the struggle to In spite of organizational and political differences, cass victims of capitalist oppres­ overthrow capitalism and in the building of a new the workers, to defend their rights and' advance their be called by the National Committee upon the demand the class collaboration tendency so prevalent in the of branches or Local Executive Committees repre­ sion regardless of their political be­ trade union movement, wherever these appear. The social order. With these considerations in mind the Interests, must achieve united action. If they do not, liefs or affiliations. It should com­ W. P. w ill help to build up economic organizations wage and relief cuts, increasing abrogation of poli­ senting one-half of the membership. W. P. stands for rank and file control and trade union Section 2. The Call for the Convention, together bine with skillful legal work, the democracy. It w ill take the initiative in organizing of these workers and seek to penetrate existing or­ tical and civil liberties and finally war and the vic­ organization of mass campaigns so ganizations. It w ill geek to overcome the traditional tory of fascism are assured. This does not mean the with an agenda and the proposals of the National the left and the progressive forces to fight for a Committee shall be issued at least sixty days before that the capitals! courts and ad­ m ilitant, class-struggle policy and leadership in the hesitancy of American professional and technical false and in practice disruptive united front such as ministrative agencies w ill learn to workers to take part in social and political activity was proposed by the Communist party in the “united- the date of the Convention for discussion in the local trade union movement. organizations and in the official publications. fear the anger of the class and be and to draw them along with all other exploited front-from-below.” Likewise the W. P. rejects arbi­ compelled to abandon their plots The W. P. stands for trade union unity, a divided groups into the labor and revolutionary movement. trary arrangements between bureaucratic officials Section 3. Representation at the Convention shall trade union movement facilitates the progress of re­ be p ro p o rtio n a lly based' upon the membership in against the workers. THE UNEMPLOYED imposed upon the masses, and so-called “ non-aggres­ The founding convention notes action and Fascism. The Workers Party is opposed sion pacts” which in practice mean capitulation to good standing at the time of the Convention Call. to the Communist Party policy of building paper The great and largely permanent army of the un­ with approbation the proposals reformist tendencies since they obscure differences of ARTICLE IX: FRACTIONS made some months ago by the unions, mechanically controlled by the party, which employed during the period of the rapid' decline of principle between reformists and the revolutionary are in no sense genuine mass organizations. The capitalism is a vast depository of every kind of social Members of the Party in trade unions and other Provisional Committee for Non- party. The Workers Party stands for an honest, mass organizations shall organize themselves into Partisan Labor Defense and dis­ W.P. favors the organization of workers into unions discontent. In a position where the conduct of their straightforward, carefully defined united front of affiliated with the A. F. of L. wherever possible, since fractions for common work within such organiza­ cussed oh several occasions with lives has lost social meaning, the unemployed w ill organizations on specific and immediate issues facing the A. F. of L. represents the main mass of organ­ tions. The work of a fraction within a given mass representatives of the American join with the movement that convincingly promises the workers. Such united front actions in which the ized labor and the trend of workers now moving for them a new and' integral place in the social order, organization shall be under the direction and control Workers Party, the C.L.A., the So­ participating organizations retain complete political cialist Party and other elements of organization is in the same direction. Unless the working class movement by giving sup­ of the Party unit having jurisdiction over the Party and organizational independence develop the mass members constituting the fraction. The members of the labor movement. The conven­ The Workers Party does not believe, however, that port to their struggles and by convincing presenta­ power of the workers, teach the workers the need the American Federation of Labor has any right tion of the revolutionary way out of the crisis, draws a fraction must work as a unit under all circum­ tion authorizes the N. C. to carry and value of unity, expose the weakness or treachery these discussions further and to to claim a monopoly in the field of labor organization. in the unemployed, they w ill be a prey to chauvinistic stances. Violations of fraction discipline shall be of reactionary and reformist leaders, and' give the hasten the establishment of a m ili­ Too often the Federation officialdom has repelled and m ilitary propaganda, to fake social nostrums reported to the proper organization of the Party for revolutionary party the opportunity to show in action tant, class-conscious, non-partisan workers in the basic industries by an insistence on and to Fascist demagogy. The Workers Party w ill action. the correctness of its principles and tactics. Thus, defense organization as a primary craft union forms. In numerous cases, important resist all efforts to erect barriers between the em­ united front actions are indispensable preparations ARTICLE X: AMENDMENTS need of the working class in a per­ groups have been forced out ot its ranks by outright ployed and unemployed, w ill constantly stress the for the revolutionary unity which, in the revolution­ Amendments shall be made to this Constitution by iod of intense struggle and bitter betrayal of strikes, by bureaucracy, racketeering and community of interest between them, and w ill show ary crisis, w ill enable the workers to take power. majority vote of the National Convention. reaction. Page 4 THE MILITANT SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1934

N .U .L . Led Tony Bellussi Quits U.S. Franz Bobzien M urdered A W P Votes Antonio Bellussi, militant IN THE TRADE UNIONS Franz Bobzien is dead—loully anti-Fascist sentenced by the U. murdered in a Hamburg prison S. government to deportation to Fusion Plan T housands former opinions when ordered to resents a complete right-about-face by H itle r’s gunmen. Italy because he refused to com­ Independent Unionist from what he had been telling us This revolutionary young promise his views, has left for do so and becomes a mere automa­ for years and destroys the moral worker was a member of the South America. An announce­ ton he cannot remain and live in Resigns From C.P. basis for unions outside the A. F. Socialist Workers Party and the As Drafted On Nov. 24 ment by the Provisional Com­ the party. No person who is a real of L., setting up a platform to run Voung Socialist League in Ger­ mittee for Non-Partisan Labor Communist and not a rag can go (Ed. Note.—We print below the along with a system of this kind. these unions back into the A. F. of many. Defense, which was in charge Fulfilling the mandate given It National Unemployed Day, Nov­ L. which he and all the rest of you In February 1934, he was de­ of Bellussi’s case during fiecent resignation from the Communist To give an exam ple: In the case by the Pittsburgh convention of ember 24, is an established h is to ri­ Party of Robert Strong, General of the trade union policy, the C.P., told us for years was a “company ported to Germany from Holland cal date in the labor movement ot months, states that he has ob­ the Conference for Progressiva Secretary of the Independent after following an ultra-left course union” outfit. where he was attending an in­ Labor Action a year ago, the Pro­ the country. tained a visa after a long fight. Building Trades Council of New for years (1929-1933) of creating Stachel’s article in the November ternational conference of revo­ visional Organizing Committee of A complete account of the demon­ The N.P.L.D. took over the York with a chartered member­ paper unions In almost all indus­ “ Communist” goes even fu rth e r. I t lutionary youth organizations, the American Workers Party laid strations in a ll localities is here im­ Bellussi case after the I.L.D. ship w hich has been reported by tries, has now switched completely lays down the perspective of pell- together with four comrades. before the delegates to the A.W.P. possible. It would read like a city had botched it. Bellussi repu­ the Stalinist publications as more over to the ultra right, seeking to mell liquidation of the weaker in­ Delivered into the hands of convention held November 28 to 30 and town directory of the nation. diated the I.L.D. when the Stal­ than 20,000 in and around New liquidate overnight not only the dependent unions and the return of the Nazis by the Dutch police, detailed proposals for immediate But reports still coming to the na­ inist bureaucrats running that York. Strong has the solid sup­ paper unions which never should the stronger ones to the A. F. of L. be was sentenced to four years’ merger with the Communist League tional office of the National Unem­ organization tried to make him port of the Council and its affili­ have been created In the firs t place, regardless of circumstances which Imprisonment for “high-treas­ of America as the first step toward ployed League, which initiated the disavow his friendliness to the ates in his standpoint, with the but also those independent unions have called them into existence. on”, and then murdered in jail. the building of a new and effective movement, are indicative of fer­ C.L.A. The N.P.L.D. had the exception of a part of the altera­ which have a mass base and which With the liquidation policy already Refusing for purely factional revolutionary party in the United ment in the working class every­ cooperation of the American tion painters.) have come into existence through well under way (Mining, Textile, reasons to participate in the in­ States and a revolutionary interna­ where. Civil Liberties Union in the ef­ • * * mass revolts against the reaction­ Auto, Steel, Needle Trades, etc.), ternational movement of protest, Were More than Parades forts to save Bellussi from Mus­ tional. New York, Nov. 26, 1934 ary bureaucrats. the Pol-Buro, not without equivo­ the Stalinists share in the guilt They were adopted substantially The demonstration of 1,00(1 white s o lin i’s’ dungeons. To the Central Committee of It does not matter to the party cation and “diplomacy” even now, of his execution. without change alter the fullest and black workers, unemployed, After a protracted struggle finally come out openly for the marching in the city of Gulfport, the Communist Party: leaders that the independent union We swear to carry on until his discussion. The A.W.P. vote for the N.P.L.D. was able to arrange After having been a member of movement in the country has grown “new” way back to the A. F. of L. executioners w ill feel the heavy merger came late in a session that Miss., was classified by the press Bellussl's departure to South The fact that all this is being done as tantamount to insurrection. the C. P. since 1925, helped to b uild \enormously in these years and is hand of proletarian retribution! tasted for a score of hours into the America. The State Department it up and active for years especially now bigger than at any time in the without the say-so of the member­ early morning and was unanimous. They marched to the relief head­ and Mussolini were thus cheated ship shows that the rank and file of quarters demanding a solution of in its trade union work, and after history of the American labor move­ The Provisional Organizing Com­ of another victim. A fu ll report mature consideration of wliat the ment. The party leaders, being the party has lost control over the mittee was instructed to call a uni­ the unemployment evil—not alms. of tire Bellussi case, including party leadership. The membership Weisbord Group That, in the deep south, is more party has become since Lenin’s afraid1 to face the opposition of the ty convention of the two groups on financial aspects, is promised foi death, I have come to the conclu­ membership on this question, and of the party is reacting instinc­ the next day for the final ratifica­ than just a parade. The same is the near future. tively, many of them consciously, true of Ashland, Ky., where two sion that I cannot remain in the swelled up with usurped authority, Breaking Up tion of the proposals and the for­ party and remain a Communist. are attempting to put their essenti­ against these methods by dropping mal creation of the new Workers thousand workers, white and black, out of the party en masse—“voting marched to present demands to . the I therefore hereby declare my ally reactionary policy across from Party of the U. S. withdrawal from the C.P.U.S.A. with their feet” against the party On Sunday, December 2, a gen­ Historic Occasion authorities. In High Point, North on top, without discussion, by back eral membership meeting of the S.P. Old Guard I am particularly in disagreement bureaucrats. This was the last and most im­ Carolina, the authorities were door methods, piece meal, first the Weisbord group was held for the with your present trade union poli­ Members Quiting portant act in the career of an or­ “scandalized” by an unprecedented weaker unions then the stronger purpose of a final vote on a thesis cy which, in my opinion, represents Discipline without inner demo­ ganization that w’thin the few outpouring of the unemployed. Talks Split ones. Individual party members prepared by the “National Commit­ a clear departure from revolution­ cracy is nothing but bureaucratism years of its existence initiated and From Dallas, Texas, Carl Bran- who might oppose it or at least de­ tee” (Weisbord), on many events ary principles, and which is being and has nothing In common with led some of the most significant nin reports th a t more than 2,000 (Continued from Page 1) mand a discussion of the question, of Importance to the revolutionary put into effect in complete disre­ the Leninist principle of democra­ and m ilitant struggles of the Am­ marched to the city hall, demand­ It has other grievances—a whole are done away with silently by the movement. It was known from gard of inner democracy, both of tic centralism. It cannot serve rev­ erican proletariat, blazed the trail ing that the city manager endorse series of them. Led by Louis dry guillotine. The slogan of. preliminary discussion that six out the party and the trade unions, and olutionary purposes. The attempt in the trade unions of honest, m ili­ the National Unemployed Day de­ Waldman, patriotic N. Y. lawyer, “unity” is used to sugar coat the of a total membership of fifteen behind the backs of the member­ to sneakily abolish the independent tant, left-wing leadership, built the mands, and that he write President and other right-wingers from a process of delivering these workers were in opposition to the above ship. unions without the consent of the greatest of existing unemployed or­ Koosevelt to that effect. A banner dozen eastern states, the Old Guard over to the corrupt A. F. of L. bu­ mentioned thesis. The disagreements I have on this members under cover of “discipline” ganizations and won for Itself an in the march called for the aboli­ appeared before the national exe­ reaucracy. In the well-known Stalinist question, however, might not have is reactionary. So is discipline impressive niche in the history of tion of capitalism, bag and bag­ cutive and put the knife to its A. F. of L. Fetishism method, in the interval between the lead to my withdrawal were it not without inner democracy. It is a the working-class march to power gage. In Texas a "scandalous” throat Waldman presented a list preliminary discussion and the final for the fact that in the course of The party leaders conveniently method, a regime, alien to Lenin’s in America. performance. of ten demands backed by the N. vote, one comrade was expelled, the controversy I had to realize repudiate their past policy and put concept of the party of the working “This convention is an historic In Ohio, particularly in the in­ Y. state S. P. and others suspended, so as to al­ that the Leninist principle of inner it aside as if it never existed. After class and is bound to result in the occasion,” A. J. Muste said in the terior, the day was a holiday of One of these demands was that low Weisbord a free hand at the making a principle of dual union­ degeneration of the movement. opening address. Muste reported protest. Newark, Ohio, saw a “the National Executive Committee democracy had been done away meeting of December 2. Knowing ism for years they now brazenly Such discipline, therefore, has no for the P.O.C. to the convention, super-demonstration. Twenty thou­ shall announce in clear and’ un­ with in the Communist parties for claim that they never advocated it meaning for me. The international that some comrades would attend tracing the party’s history and sand poured through the streets. equivocal language that it w ill nei­ a long tim e. the meeting to present a minority (Stachel’s article in the November party that Lenin created, and on growth from the Conference for The sheriff and the business men ther consider nor discuss any pro­ Party Democracy Dead “Communist” which calls for the the basis of whose principles I statement, Weisbord placed a guard Progressive Labor Action a year decided it was ‘‘Bed Saturday”. posals that may come from Com­ to keep the door closed from the Under the regime now prevailing liquidation of the independent joined, has nothing in common with ago. The chief of police came to the munists for a united front, for any Inside, and obtained the assistance in the C.P., there is no way of building trades unions which the what prevails now. “We have a great many times Newark League the day before, purpose, nor w ill it consider em­ of the building owner to keep out voicing one’s views without being C. P., as in the case of other such The G. P. is no longer the party described ourselves as not slaves to apologizing for an American Legion barking upon any negotiations for those who insisted on participating slandered, pounced upon, removed, unions, sponsored in the first place). of the Communist workers but a tradition. We have often spoken of “incident” some two months pre such a united front, and w ill also etc. The rights of the membership Right now the party leaders are private apparatus of corrupted bu­ In this meeting. a new or American approach, and viously, assuring the League mem­ advise State organizations to so under the principle of democratic joining hands with William Green reaucrats. I therefore sever my Unable to get the slightest hear­ we have insisted that we be realis­ bers that there would be no inter­ instruct their locals.” ing on the discussion of the thesis centralism have been abolished in and others of this stripe in outlaw­ relations with this organization, tic and experimental.” ference with the demonstration. in such a hooligan atmosphere, the Another demand was that the practice. It is futile, therefore, to ing the right of workers to organ­ deeply convinced that it cannot The report to the convention gave And most assuredly there was none. declaration of principles recently attempt to influence or bring about ize independently of the A. F. of L. serve the interests of the working comrades were forced to leave the the history of the Communist Authorities Stand By adopted by the Socialist party, and building. Undoubtedly the “thesis” a correction of the party line from under the slogan of “no dual un­ class. There is no other way now League of America and the negoti­ was thereafter “unanimously” ac­ In West Virginia, Kanawah, opposed by the rig h t w ing, be w ith in . ionism”. Foster’s letter to the A. for an honest revolutionist who has ations leading to the merger. Wayne, Boone and Putnam coun­ binding only upon those States Basic policies are changed over­ F. of L. Convention, printed in the come to realize the actual state of cepted. Much of the discussion at the ties, miners and their wives, Nation­ A further statement concerning whose membership approved the night, and unless one discards his October issue of “Labor Unity” rep- affairs. —ROBERT STRONG. convention centered on the Declar­ al Unemployed League members, developments in the Weisbord declaration in the recent party ref­ ation of Principles prepared by the marched, while the authorities were erendum. New York State rejected group w ill appear in the Militant crats (not only Dublnsky, Rieve joint Negotiating Committee of the content to stand by, watching for the declaration as in contradiction in the near future. —X. and' such types w ill quit if Wald­ Canada Hails W .P . A.W.P. and the C.L.A., the theore­ undue bulging of clothing indica­ with Socialist principles. man and Co. quit, but the “M ili­ tic foundation of the new party. tive of fire arms. There was no The memorandum demanded also C .L .A . Endorses tants” are none too Bure even of (Continued from Page 1) be taken into the Federation as a Section by section and paragraph trouble. the reorganization of the national whole. This policy was reversed Kryscki and such elements in the workers’ movement of Canada, the by paragraph the Declaration re­ In Butte, Montana, 1,200 jobless office of the party in Chicago, the when I t was seen th a t the w orking event of a right-wing split) and Fusion Program W. P. also faces the danger of po­ ceived the most careful and de­ marched, demanding relief from removal of Clarence Senior as na­ class units were putting forward “practical politicians” such as Jas­ lice suppression. tailed* discussion by the 50 dele­ the misery of unemployment. tional secretary and his replace­ too radical demands for the major­ per McLevy, Mayor of Bridgeport, (Continued from Page 1) The influence of the Stalinists is gates from all parts of the country. In Milwaukee, Des Moines, Tam­ ment by “someone who has the ity to accept and all organizational Dan Hoan of Milkwaukee, and changes and the crises in the par­ beginning to wane while that of Every theoretic proposition was pa, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Allentown, confidence of both party factions”. connections with the trade unions Charlie Solomon of New York. ties of the Second International the Workers Party is on the up­ immediately matched by the prac­ New York City, in all the battle The memorandum demanded the were broken. Today workers can Stated even more pithily, the “M il­ since the Austrian events, the im­ grade. The W. P. has already es­ tical experience of the delegates, scarred centers of labor, there were addition of four members of the join only as individuals. Several itants” don’t feel they have the minence of Fascism in France and tablished firm connections in most all active leaders of trade union great demonstrations. right wing to the N.E.C., and the of the Western labor members of “right” to take over the leadership the deep ferment in the S.F.I.O., of the organized trades, including and unemployed movements. Delegation Visits Washington dissolution of all factional groups the C.C.F. are In the Federal Par­ of the S. P. They feel in tneir the entry of our French comrades the building, clothing, shoe, and When thte discussion ended it On November 26, a committee of now functioning within the party liam ent. bones that “after all” the S. P. is into the S.F.I.O., and the road to metal workers unions. A few of was felt that the Declaration rep­ 16 representing the organized un­ such as the “Militants” and the Comrade MacDonald concluded Identified with these old timers and the Fourth International. the members are in leading posi­ resented a body of clear revolu­ employed demonstrators, the Na­ Revolutionary Policy Committee. his summary of conditions In Can­ belongs to them. “Who are we,” This, he pointed out, could not tions in these unions. tionary principles. Minor changes tional Unemployed League and The Old Guard, however, would ada by stating that the fusion be­ they ask themselves, “to throw be stereotyped or blue-printed. The prestige and power of the adopted by the convention were other organizations cooperating on maintain its faction! tween the Communist League and them out and take over the Party? Different roads would be taken ac­ Stalinists is ebbing fast. Following referred to thte jo in t negotiating November 24, journeyed to Wash­ “We do not desire to minimize the American Workers Party into What can we do?” They have no cording to conditions in each coun­ their new policy upon the interna­ committee for an early formulation. ington and met with the Secretary tlie crisis within the party. Worse the Workers Party of America confidence; their bones are stuffed try. In the United States and tional field, they have consummat­ Adopt Organization Proposals of Labor Francis Perkins and Fed­ than a split is the great danger of should give a tremendous impetus not with marrow but like those of Holland by the independent road— ed the most unprincipled alliances Concrete proposals for the or­ eral Relief Administrator Harry L the party’s disintegration. Here is to the Workers Party of Canada. all centrists and Mensheviks with the merging of revolutionary groups with all kinds of petty bourgeois ganization of the new party were Hopkins. a bold threat of split! "Workers in. both countries,” he vaoillation and self-distrust. into new parties. In France, on and pacifist liberal elements, which adopted without change. The most Ed McGrady, Assistant Secretary “ Militants” Have Cold Feet said, “are in the closest connection the other hand the road to the new has succeeded only in discrediting important of the proposals included of Labor and A. F. of L. big-shot, The famous “Militants”, led by “The “M ilitants” have had a long with each other. Political as well was there to receive us. Smiling Thomas, Mayor Hoan of Milwau­ respite since the left-wing drift Communist Party leads through the them further among the class-con­ the Constitution of the new party Socialist Party. Intransigeance ot scious workers. as economic conditions in the Unit­ which was accepted on principal and jovial, he shook us all by hand, kee and Leo Kryscki of the Amal­ began within the S. P. They have ed States exert an immediate and principle and flexibility of organ­ The Stalinists took the lead in and referred for final action to the was glad to see us—he said—and gamated1 Clothing Workers, find had to worry only about the Old powerful Influence upon its neigh­ ization policy was the keynote of organizing the unemployed in Can­ unity convention; the officership of told us he too had known lean days themselves on the spot. Con­ Guard. No Socialist worker con­ bor. The two new Workers Parties at one time, etc., etc. Good soft- sequently, the “Militants” on the sidered the Stalinist party as an comrade Cannon’s speech in p oint­ ada in the first year of the crisis the new party on a 50-50 parity ing the road to the new revolution­ Their unemployed organization, with the same name and a common with suggested names on the part eoaper, Mr. McGrady. national executive refused to re­ alternative, even when he began to revolutionary Marxist program are ary Internationa]. however, has now almost complete­ of the joint negotiating committee He assured’ us that the govern­ ceive the Stalinist suppliants. They abandon the influence of reformism bound to be of great aid to each Serious disagreement arose on ly disintegrated. The W. P. is and the set-up of the National Com­ ment in Washington was “really did, however, give a hearing to Jay and centrism. Now, however, every other and a potent force in the this question. A minority of com­ gaining a greater foothold among m ittee o f 22 w ith 6 alternates on ours as well as other people’s.” Lovestone, famous attorney for the leftward moving S. P. member fixes coming struggles of the American Madame Perkins listened impa­ Stalinists, who desires a return to a hopeful eye on the Workers Party. rades maintained that it was nei­ the unemployed groups, controlling the same p a rity. and Canadian working class.” The convention voted unanimous­ tiently to the demands of the un­ the policies of the Anglo-Russian The “Militants” are at length be­ ther necessary nor correct to enter a considerable part of the leader­ employed. She injected many re­ Committee, that is, a non-aggres­ ing forced to a choice: the French Socialist Party, that ship in Winnipeg and having com­ ly to accept thte names o f A. J. this road was fu ll of pitfalls and plete control of a newly formed Muste as National Secretary of the marks, just to explain things, but sion pact of passivity. Either they must capitulate to would lead to international disas­ mass organization in Toronto. N. Y . Workers Rally Workers Party and of J. P. Can­ on the matter of cash relief anc The truth is that the militants the Old Guard, in which case a higher rates she stated she was not are scared to death. They don’t ter for the organization. The dis­ The major part of Stalinist ac­ non, editor of the new party paper. whole mass of S. P. workers w ill cussion on this question lasted two (Continued from Page 1) Because the A.W.P. had no youth qualified to declare for or against want to see the Old Guard’ take tivity today revolves around the start moving toward the W. P., full days and concluded with an organization, it was decided that that demand! away from them the Rand School, or, without taking a revolutionary Canadian branch of the League most important ally of union labor Perkins Doesn’t Know the Forwards, the New Leader and overwhelming m ajority of the dele­ Against War and Fascism, largely was the thrilling story told by while youth members of the party position, they w ill try to swing the . were to be placed on the executive On the chief question, that of other party properties. They don’t gates voting for the policy endorsed petty-bourgeois in composition as Arnold Johnson and Anthony Ram- S. P. a few degrees further in its by the international plenum. committee of the Spartacus Youth the government providing wort want to see the exodus from the in the U. S. A large number of uglia, the national leaders of the left-centrist course in order to stem Following this was the report by League (to become subsequently through an extensive works pro­ party of the gang of clever lawyers the tide of revolutionary thought local meetings have been held’ along National Unemployed League. The comrade Shachtman on the policy the lines laid down by the Amster­ responsibility of the Workers Party the youth organization of the new gram—well she was not competent, and influential A. F. of L. bureau- and sentiment. in America for the new party. Be­ dam Congress, culminating in a in revolutionizing the unemployed, party) It would not be carried out she said, to pass judgment as to The W. P. must not be passive in Whether that was the manner to ginning with its declaration of a National Anti-Fascist and Anti-War for whom above all there Is nothing 1 on the 50-50 basis. Asked where the economy of scar­ this situation. A genuine oppor­ —LOUIS BREIER, deal with the unemployment prob­ year ago for the new party, in Congress held at Toronto a few left under capitalism, was one of city came in on the 30-hour, 530- tunity exists. It is our duty and which the C.L.A. set as its goal the months ago. The representatives the most important messages lem or not. week, Mr. Hopkins said he would opportunity to lend every possible founding of this revolutionary in­ On the demand that war funds of the W. P. participated in and brought to the mass meeting. not go into that. aid and comfort to the genuinely strument by fusion on a revolution­ THE MILITANT be turned over for unemployment presented their program to the Bringing the greetings of the na­ On cash relief, well, there are revolutionary elements within the ary basis with other groups inde­ Entered as a second class mail for relief—well, that was a matter local meetings, and later attempted tional convention of the Spartacus some sound arguments for that, S. P., to push the S. P. as a whole pendent of the Second and Third Post Office at New York, N.Y. Un­ for the House Ways and Means to present a resolution embodying Youth League on the eve of Its con­ Hopkins agreed—but—there were into actions in which the inner Internationals. der the act o f M arch 3, 1879. Committee to determine. their viewpoint to the Congress it­ vention, Joseph Carter declared arguments against it too, said Hop­ conflict w ill be sharpened and a The bulk of his speech dealt with Published Weekly by the Just at this juncture, the time self. The steering committee of that In its three day session the kins, pulling his chin, and’ he agreed solution forced that w ill throw all the negotiations with the American Communist League of America was up, and the delegation left the Stalinists, composed of mem­ League would* lay the foundations with the latter. the healthy elements of the S. P. Workers Party and the joint draft bers of the Stalinist Polcom and for. a powerful mass youth organ­ 144 Second Ave., New York, N. Y. Madame Perkins for the office of In plain language—No cash relief. into the camp of revolution, into Declaration of Principles. Barring clergymen, repelled their attempt ization, organizationally independ­ Vol. 7, No. 48, (Whole No. 252) Mr. Hopkins. A flat No. On the point of raising our camp. For this, comradely minor differences on past methods SATURDAY, DECEM BER 8, 1934 We told Hopkins we were fed up and after a bitter struggle refused ent but owing political allegiance the relief standard—again No. criticism, endless patient explana­ and tactics and secondary correc­ EDITORIAL BOARD with evasiveness. Mr. Hopkins did­ to put it before the Congress. to the Workers Party. Unemployed Getting Enough tion, an insistence on m ilitant unit­ tions on the Declaration of Prin­ Martin Abern James P. Cannon n’t m ind th a t, i t seemed, as he pro­ Build New Party A. J. Muste and James P. Can­ The writer asked Mr. Hopkins if ed! action on immediate issues of ciples, the convention was unani­ Max Shachtman Maurice Spector ceeded to give us some more. There is no well-organized So­ non’s speeches together gave a pic­ it would be misquoting him to say concern to the members both of mously for merger with the A.W.P. Arne Swabeck. On demand number one—w ork cialist Party in Canada. Although ture of the ten month’s collabora­ that he held that the unemployed the S. P. and the W. P., a campaign The Third and last convention of Bundle rates two cents per copy. Instead of relief for the unemployed there are several small local groups tion which led to the fusion and were getting enough relief. to expose the centrist leaders at the Communist League, marks not Subscription rate: 51.00 per copy. —Mr. Hopkins agreed, but not on which adhere to the ideas of the founding of the Workers Party. Pulling his chin, Mr. Hopkins the top, are essential. the end of its struggle for Marx­ 50c per half year — Canada and the 30-hour week and $30-week Socialists, they have no political After ten years of splits and disin­ said yes, we could quote him as The party of H illquit can never ism, not the revision of its ideas, F oreign: 51-50 per ye a r; 75c fo r minimum. On the point there was significance. The road to the for­ tegration, they both pointed out, sa yin g : become the party of Marx and Len­ but the shifting of its field of ac­ a sneering, hard boiled and cate mation of the new party in Canada the Workers Party begins the “The unemployed by and large in. But thousands of members of tivity from that of a propaganda gorlcal No. Asked for his reasons, was a comparatively easy question counter-process of re-unifying the fru its .” are getting enough.” the party of H illquit can and w ill group to mass work, to transform­ Mr. Hopkins declared he did not to decide and course to embark revolutionary movement. “Many A. J. Muste dwelt on the clear On the question of the organized In the near future become- mem­ ation into a political party based believe In an “economy of scarcity”. upon. In the fusion convention were at and principled basis, carefully en­ unemployed committees being re­ bers of the Workers Party, the rev­ on the tried and tested ideas of The Cooperative Commonwealth the founding of the Communist unciated in the Declaration of cognized by local relief agencies as olutionary instrument of the Amer­ Marx and Lenin. The convention Federation (C.C.F.), organized movement in 1917”, declared Can­ Principles, on which the Workers DANCE spokesmen for the unemployed, Mr. ican working class. The develop­ came to an end, after an all-night about two years ago, is the biggest non. “Then and now they follow Party is founded. The meeting Music Entertainment Hopkins declared1 that his office had ments of the week at the Boston session, with ringing cheers from “ le ft” p a rty in Canada. Its base the red guiding star of the Russian closed with terrific applause and Sutmxday, Dec. 15, 9 P.M. sent letters to relief agencies in­ meeting of S. P. leaders opens the the delegates: is the farmers of Western Canada, Revolution. We have nothing but the singing of the International, as structing them not to refuse to meet door to our members to begin an Long live the Workers Party of IR V IN G PLAZA particularly in Alberta, and it em­ contempt for those who usurp Len­ Comrade Muste called for the committees of the unemployed. intensive campaign of agitation in the United States! in’s name and falsify hi* doctrines. Irvin g Place and 15th St. brace* various labor and lower building of a new, Fourth Interna­ The conference came to an end. Socialist circles. Let us seize the Long Dv* the Fourth Interna­ middle class groups throughout the Our aix year’s struggle in the tional. A collection was taken Tirfmte 30c 40c at door The committee filed out. opportunity and build the W. P.! tio n a l! Dominion. At the time of its in­ movement symbolized by Leon which, with the sale of tickets, Auspices: Workers Party of U. S. —ANTHONY RAMUGLIA. —HARRY STRANG. —GEORGE CLARKE. ception, labor organizations were to Trotsky brings forth now its first to ta lle d 5400.