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Warrior-Bishops In
WARRIOR-BISHOPSIN LA CHANSON DE ROLAND AND POWA DE MI0 CID EARL R. ANDERSON ARCHBISHOP TURPIN, THE fighting bishop in La Chanson de Roland, is a character whose behavior and attitudes are contrary to modem assumptions about what a medieval clergyman should have been. The poet's first mention of him, it is true, represents him in a role that is consistent with conventional views about the clergy: he volunteers to travel to Marsilion's court as Charlemagne's peace ambassador (264-73)-but so do the barons Naimon, Roland, and Olivier (246-58). In each subsequent appearance in the poem, however, Brpin accompanies the Frankish rearguard not as a peaceable messenger of the Prince of Peace but more and more as one of Charlemagne's most ferocious warriors. In his "sermun" at Roncevaux, he admonishes the Franks to fight, "Chrestientet aidez a sustenir" '[to] help to sustain the Christian faith' (1129), and "Clamez vos culpes, si preiez Deumercit" 'confess your sins, and pray to God for mercy' (1132), and he promises absolution for sins in exchange for military service, and martyrdom in exchange for death on the battlefield (1134-38). He rides to battle on a horse once owned by Grossaille, a king whom he had killed in Denmark (1488-89). During the course of battle, Tbrpin kills the Berber Corsablix, the enchanter Siglorel, the African Malquiant, the infernally-named Saracen Abisme, and four hundred others, elsewhere striking a War, Literature, and the Arts thousand blows (1235-60, 1390-95, 1414, 1470-1509, 1593-1612, 2091-98). lbrpin and Roland are the last of the Franks to die in the battle. -
The Spanish Return to Texas Main Ideas Key Terms and People 1
DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A Section 3 The Spanish Return to Texas Main Ideas Key Terms and People 1. In response to a perceived threat from the French, the • Francisco Hidalgo Spanish resettled in East Texas in the early 1700s. • Louis Juchereau de 2. The Spanish built several missions, a presidio, and the St. Denis region's first civil settlement near what is now San Antonio. • Domingo Ramón • Antonio Margil de Jesús Why It Matters Today • Martín de Alarcón The Spanish tried to protect their hold on Texas by • El Camino Real barring foreign trade in the region. Use current events sources to learn more about free trade issues or a trade dispute between nations today. TEKS: 1B, 2C, 9A, 21A, 21B, 21C, 22D The Story Continues Father Francisco Hidalgo was a patient but persistent myNotebook man. Since becoming a Franciscan at the age of 15, he Use the annotation had longed to become a missionary, travel, and spread the Bleed Art Guide: tools in your eBook All bleeding art should be extended fullyto to takethe notes on the Catholic faith. After arriving in New Spain, the young priest bleed guide. return of Spanish missionaries and heard many stories about Texas. He became determined to settlers to Texas. go there to teach Texas Indians about Catholicism. Delay after delay prevented Father Hidalgo from reaching them. But he knew that his chance would come. Art and Non-Teaching Text Guide: Folios, annos, standards, non-bleeding art, etc. should Back to East Texas never go beyond this guide on any side, 1p6 to trim. -
Olena Semenyaka, the “First Lady” of Ukrainian Nationalism
Olena Semenyaka, The “First Lady” of Ukrainian Nationalism Adrien Nonjon Illiberalism Studies Program Working Papers, September 2020 For years, Ukrainian nationalist movements such as Svoboda or Pravyi Sektor were promoting an introverted, state-centered nationalism inherited from the early 1930s’ Ukrainian Nationalist Organization (Orhanizatsiia Ukrayins'kykh Natsionalistiv) and largely dominated by Western Ukrainian and Galician nationalist worldviews. The EuroMaidan revolution, Crimea’s annexation by Russia, and the war in Donbas changed the paradigm of Ukrainian nationalism, giving birth to the Azov movement. The Azov National Corps (Natsional’nyj korpus), led by Andriy Biletsky, was created on October 16, 2014, on the basis of the Azov regiment, now integrated into the Ukrainian National Guard. The Azov National Corps is now a nationalist party claiming around 10,000 members and deployed in Ukrainian society through various initiatives, such as patriotic training camps for children (Azovets) and militia groups (Natsional’ny druzhiny). Azov can be described as a neo- nationalism, in tune with current European far-right transformations: it refuses to be locked into old- fashioned myths obsessed with a colonial relationship to Russia, and it sees itself as outward-looking in that its intellectual framework goes beyond Ukraine’s territory, deliberately engaging pan- European strategies. Olena Semenyaka (b. 1987) is the female figurehead of the Azov movement: she has been the international secretary of the National Corps since 2018 (and de facto leader since the party’s very foundation in 2016) while leading the publishing house and metapolitical club Plomin (Flame). Gaining in visibility as the Azov regiment transformed into a multifaceted movement, Semenyaka has become a major nationalist theorist in Ukraine. -
Reconquista and Spanish Inquisition
Name __________________________________________ Date ___________ Class _______ Period _____ The Reconquista and the Spanish Inquisition by Jessica Whittemore (education-portal.com) Directions: Read the article and answer the questions in full sentences. Muslim Control Of Spain The Reconquista and especially the Inquisition encompass one of the darkest times in Spanish history. It was a time when faith, greed and politics combined to bring about the deaths of many. Let's start with the Spanish Reconquista. In simpler terms, the Reconquista was the attempt by Christian Spain to expel all Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula. In the 8th century, Spain was not one united nation but instead a group of kingdoms. In the early 8th century, these kingdoms of Spain were invaded by Muslim forces from North Africa. Within a few years of this invasion, most of Spain was under Muslim control. In fact, the Muslims renamed the Spanish kingdoms Al- Andalus or Andalusia, but for our purposes, we're going to stick with Spain. Since the Muslims were an advanced society, Spain prospered. The Muslims were also very tolerant of other religions, allowing Muslims, Christians and Jews to basically take up the same space. However, Muslim political leaders were very suspicious of one another, which led to disunity among the many kingdoms. This disunity opened up the doors for Christian rule to seep in, and while the Muslims kept firm control of the southern kingdoms of Granada, Christian power began taking hold in the northern kingdoms of Aragon, Castile and Navarre. By the end of the 13th century, only Granada remained under Muslim control. -
Daily Life in a Mission Missions of San Antonio Timeline
DAILY LIFE IN A MISSION MISSIONS OF SAN ANTONIO TIMELINE 1690 San Francisco de los Tejas was the first mission to be founded in Texas. 1690s First Spanish expeditions for missions and presidios in eastern Tejas encounter a Coahuiltecan Indian encampment along the Yanaguaña, now named the San Antonio River, near present Mission San Juan. 1718 Reestablishment of the failed mission, San Francisco Solano, from San Juan Bautista complex on the Río Grande, and renamed San Antonio de Valero. The founding of the presidio of San Antonio de Béxar for protection of the roads used for military movement, trade, and to supply missions, running from the west (San Juan Bautista) to the east near Louisiana, and serving as a buffer against the French. 1719 East Texas temporarily abandoned when French invade from Louisiana. Soldiers and missionaries retreat to San Antonio River area near Valero. 1720 Mission San José y San Miguel de Aguayo founded along the San Antonio River, south of Valero. The only mission to be originally founded on this river. Established though efforts of Franciscan missionary refugee from East Texas, Fr. Antonio Margil de Jesús, and the patronage of the governor of the Province of Coahuila y Tejas, the Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo 1721 Soldiers and many missionaries return to East Texas to reestablish missions. 1722 – 26 Short-lived "sixth mission" of San Francisco de Nájera, in reality a sub-mission for San Antonio de Valero, is located near present-day Mission Concepción. 1727 Military inspection of the frontier forts by General Pedro de Rivera resulted in the closing and removal of several presidios in East Texas. -
Chapter Two: the Global Context: Asia, Europe, and Africa in the Early Modern Era
Chapter Two: The Global Context: Asia, Europe, and Africa in the Early Modern Era Contents 2.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 30 2.1.1 Learning Outcomes ....................................................................................... 30 2.2 EUROPE IN THE AGE OF DISCOVERY: PORTUGAL AND SPAIN ........................... 31 2.2.1 Portugal Initiates the Age of Discovery ............................................................. 31 2.2.2 The Spanish in the Age of Discovery ................................................................ 33 2.2.3 Before You Move On... ................................................................................... 35 Key Concepts ....................................................................................................35 Test Yourself ...................................................................................................... 36 2.3 ASIA IN THE AGE OF DISCOVERY: CHINESE EXPANSION DURING THE MING DYNASTY 37 2.3.1 Before You Move On... ................................................................................... 40 Key Concepts ................................................................................................... 40 Test Yourself .................................................................................................... 41 2.4 EUROPE IN THE AGE OF DISCOVERY: ENGLAND AND FRANCE ........................ 41 2.4.1 England and France at War .......................................................................... -
Section 2 Quiz
Name Class Date FORMAL Chapter 21: Feudalism and the Middle Ages ASSESSMENT UNIT 9 SECTION 2 QUIZ MULtiPLE CHOicE Choose the best answer for each question from the choices available. 1 What issue provoked the conflict between 5 What conflict gave rise to the Hundred Years' King Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII? War? A allegiance of the monasteries A control of trade routes B appointment of bishops B legal rights of citizens C division of lands in the kingdom C religious dissent D ideological differences over the Trinity D succession to the French throne 2 What did the Magna Carta do? 6 What killed a third of the population of Europe in A extended property rights to serfs and peasants the 1300s? B made the king subject to the rule of law A bubonic plague C organized barons into a parliament B invasion of the Turks D restored and organized English common law C religious persecution D wars among kingdoms 3 Against what group of people did Pope Urban II declare the Crusades? A heretics B Jews C Muslims D renegades 4 What purpose did the Reconquista serve? A to drive non-Christians out of Spain B to expel the Crusaders from Jerusalem C to extend European rule into the Holy Land D to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula for the Holy Roman Empire CONSTRuctED RESPONSE Write the answer to each question in the space provided. 7 What major step toward democratic government occurred under English king Edward I? 8 What was the military outcome of the Crusades? Chapter 21 SECTION 2 QUIZ © National Geographic Learning, Cengage Learning. -
Muslim and Jewish “Otherness” in the Spanish Nation-Building Process Throughout the Reconquista (1212-1614)
MUSLIM AND JEWISH “OTHERNESS” IN THE SPANISH NATION-BUILDING PROCESS THROUGHOUT THE RECONQUISTA (1212-1614) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY EVRİM TÜRKÇELİK IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EUROPEAN STUDIES AUGUST 2003 ABSTRACT MUSLIM AND JEWISH “OTHERNESS” IN THE SPANISH NATION- BUILDING PROCESS THROUGHOUT THE RECONQUISTA (1212-1614) Türkçelik, Evrim M.Sc. Department of European Studies Supervisor: Assist.Prof.Dr. Mustafa Soykut August 2003, 113 pages In 1492, the Catholic Monarchs Isabel and Ferdinand conquered Granada, the last Muslim Kingdom in Spain, issued the edict of expulsion of Jews and charged Christopher Columbus to find out a western route to Indies who by coincidence discovered America. These three momentous events led to construction of Spanish national unity and of the Spanish world empire. In this study, what we are looking for is the impact of the first two events, the conquest of Granada and the expulsion of the Jews, on the formation of the Spanish national unity and the Spanish nationhood vis-à-vis Jews and Muslims in its historical context. In this study, the concept of nation-building would be employed not in economic but in political, religious and cultural terms. This study, by using the historical analysis method, found that centuries-long Muslim and Jewish presence in Spain and the Spaniards’ fight for exterminating this religious, cultural and political pluralism led to the formation of unitary Catholic state and society in Spain in the period under consideration. -
Clerical Opposition in Habsburg Castile
02_EHQ 31/3 articles 3/7/01 10:13 am Page 323 Sean T. Perrone Clerical Opposition in Habsburg Castile Introduction The emergence of the new monarchies at the end of the fifteenth century and the beginning of the sixteenth century has often been considered a watershed mark in the development of the modern state. Historians and social scientists have argued that this transition led to greater royal control over society, including the clergy. John Thomson, for example, notes that in the fifteenth century princes gradually wrested from the papacy the right of appointment to ecclesiastical benefices, the right to tax the clergy, and greater jurisdictional rights over the national Church.1 According to the state-building paradigm, then, the new monarchies brought an end to the universalist claims of the popes and brought the national clergy more thoroughly under royal control. This suggests, however, a sharp discontinuity with the medieval past, which was full of struggles between Church and State. A few of the most notable examples include: the ‘investiture con- flict’ in Germany, which led Henry IV (1056–1106) to prostrate himself before the gates of Castile Canossa for three consecutive days seeking papal absolution (1077);2 the struggles in England over the status of Church courts and law, and the subsequent murder of Archbishop Thomas à Becket in Canterbury Cathedral (1170); and the conflicts between Philip the Fair (1285–1314) and Boniface VIII (1294–1303) over ecclesiastical taxation and immunity, which were only resolved when Philip arrested Boniface VIII (1303). Could the contentious popes, bishops, and priests of the Middle Ages really have been subdued and trans- formed so rapidly? No. -
Utiles Et Necessarias: Early Modern Science and the Society of Jesus
Utiles et Necessarias: Early Modern Science and the Society of Jesus Sister Mary Sarah Galbraith, O.P. A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Unit of History and Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Science University of Sydney March 2021 Utiles et Necessarias 2 Utiles et Necessarias 3 Utiles et Necessarias: Early Modern Science and the Society of Jesus Sister Mary Sarah Galbraith, O.P. This thesis treats of the contributions made by the Society of Jesus to Early Modern science, amidst the complexities of the post Reformation, post Copernican era. Its focus is the life and work of the Jesuit Christopher Clavius (1538-1612), the architect and founder of a mathematics academy at the Collegio Romano. Using extant correspondence, pamphlet, prefatory dedications and commentaries, I show that Clavius created a strategy to recruit and train Jesuit priests in mathematics to be exported throughout Europe and to remote missionary outposts. As a specially trained corps of priest mathematicians, the Jesuits used the truths of mathematics and the mathematical sciences to draw potential converts to the truths of faith and religious conversion. The approach was initially successful. As the scientific and religious culture shifted in the sixteenth century, however, reliance upon traditional sources of authority, knowledge and belief came under scrutiny. As priests and mathematicians who were invested in both sacred and secular realms, members of the Society struggled to adhere to the tenets of traditional natural philosophy and to promote the new sciences, for the purposes of religious conversion. The approach that substituted the truths of mathematics for the truths of dogmatic faith was intended to engender confidence. -
San Antonio Missions National Park Service National Historical Park U.S
San Antonio Missions National Park Service National Historical Park U.S. Department of the Interior San Antonio Missions Texas The chain of missions established along the spreading the Catholic faith—the basis of other Franciscan missions in New Spain, the River valley in 1731. These five missions, a secularized—the lands were redistributed San Antonio River in the 1700s is a reminder Span ish colonial society—among the frontier friars transferred a failed mission on the Rio presidio (fort), and settlement were the seeds among the in hab i tants, and the churches of one of Spain’s most successful attempts Indians. Financed by the Crown, Franciscan Grande to the San Antonio River in 1718. It for one of the most successful Spanish com- were transferred to the secular clergy. to extend its dominion northward from New missions served both Church and State. As an was renamed mission San Antonio de Valero, munities in Texas. These missions flourished Spain (present-day Mexico). Collectively they arm of the church, the mission was the van- later called the Alamo. between 1747 and 1775, despite periodic raids The Spanish missions helped form the foun- form the largest concentration of Catholic guard for converting the Indians spiritually. As by Apache and Com anche Indians. Military dation for the city of San Antonio. Modern missions in North America. an agent of the state, the mission helped push Water, timber, and wildlife in this rich valley support was never ad equate, so the Spanish San Antonio early recognized the missions’ the empire northward. Missions also offered had long attracted Spanish explorers. -
1450 – 1700 Chapters: 1, 2
A.P United States History Summer Assignment Unit One: Transformations of North America: 1450 – 1700 Chapters: 1, 2 Directions: Please complete the following requirements. The assignment will be collected at the start of class on the first day. No excuses. If you do not have your textbook, please visit campus to get a copy of chapter 1 & 2 of the text. You can pick them up at the Student Services office. If you have any other questions, please email Mr. Payne or Mr. Dempsey before you arrive at school on the first day. The Assignment: 1. Please read chapter 1 & 2 by the time that you enter class on the first day of school. 2. In addition, you must create a notecard for each of the terms listed below. Each notecard must include a minimum of the definition on one side and the term on the other side. Each card must be handwritten. 3. Finally, you must answer each of the Essential Questions listed below. Again, all answers must be handwritten. DUE: 1st Day of Class Reading: Henretta: Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Identifications: tribute, matriarchy, animism, patriarchy, primogeniture, peasants, republic, Renaissance, civic humanism, guilds, Christianity, heresy, Islam, Crusades, predestination, Protestant Reformation, Counter-Reformation, trans-Saharan trade, Reconquista , Hiawatha, Martin Luther, Christopher Columbus, Hernan Cortes, Moctezuma Chapter 1 Essential Questions 1. Why did the Europeans decide to colonize America? Reading: Henretta: Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Identifications: chattel slavery, neo-Europeans, Encomienda , Columbian Exchange, outwork, mercantilism, House of Burgesses, royal colony, freeholds, Headright system, indentured servitude, Phillip II, Francis Drake, Opechancanough, Lord Baltimore, Pilgrims, Puritans, joint-stock Corporation, predestination, toleration, covenant of works, covenant of grace, town meeting, John Winthrop, Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Metacom Chapter 2 Essential Questions: 1.